title: Rapid evolution of the intersexual genetic correlation for fitness in Drosophila melanogaster.
abstract: Sexual antagonism (SA) arises when male and female phenotypes are under opposing selection, yet genetically correlated. Until resolved, antagonism limits evolution toward optimal sex-specific phenotypes. Despite its importance for sex-specific adaptation and existing theory, the dynamics of SA resolution are not well understood empirically. Here, we present data from Drosophila melanogaster, compatible with a resolution of SA. We compared two independent replicates of the "LHM " population in which SA had previously been described. Both had been maintained under identical, controlled conditions, and separated for around 200 generations. Although heritabilities of male and female fitness were similar, the intersexual genetic correlation differed significantly, being negative in one replicate (indicating SA) but close to zero in the other. Using population sequencing, we show that phenotypic differences were associated with population divergence in allele frequencies at nonrandom loci across the genome. Large frequency changes were more prevalent in the population without SA and were enriched at loci mapping to genes previously shown to have sexually antagonistic relationships between expression and fitness. Our data suggest that rapid evolution toward SA resolution has occurred in one of the populations and open avenues toward studying the genetics of SA and its resolution.
authors.affiliation: Research Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, United Kingdom.|Current Address: School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia.
authors.forename: Julie M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Collet
authors.affiliation: Research Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fuentes
authors.affiliation: Research Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Jack
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hesketh
authors.affiliation: Research Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Mark S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Hill
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Ecology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Innocenti
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Ecology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.|Current Address: School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Edward H
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Morrow
authors.affiliation: Research Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Kevin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fowler
authors.affiliation: Research Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, United Kingdom. m.reuter@ucl.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Max
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Reuter
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005075:Biological Evolution; D004331:Drosophila melanogaster / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D056084:Genetic Fitness; D005828:Genetics, Population; D008297:Male; D010641:Phenotype; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D012727:Sex Characteristics
keywords: Adaptation; evolutionary genomics; fitness; population genetics; quantitative genetics; sexual conflict