title: Longitudinal assessment of subcortical gray matter volume, cortical thickness, and white matter integrity in HIV-positive patients.
abstract: To longitudinally evaluate the cortical thickness and deep gray matter structures volume, measured from T1 three-dimensional (3D) Gradient echo-weighted imaging, and white matter integrity, assessed from diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) of HIV-positive patients.
  
  
  
  Twenty-one HIV-positive patients on stable highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) with CD4+ T lymphocytes count >200 cells/mL and viral load <50 copies/mL underwent two magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans with a median interval of 26.6 months. None of the patients had HIV-related dementia. T1 3D magnetization prepared rapid gradient echo-weighted imaging and DTI along 30 noncolinear directions were performed using a 1.5 Tesla MR scanner. FreeSurfer was used to perform cortical volumetric reconstruction and segmentation of deep gray matter structures. For tract-based spatial statistics analysis, a white matter skeleton was created, and a permutation-based inference with 5000 permutations, with a threshold of P < 0.05 was used to identify abnormalities in fractional anisotropy (FA). The median, radial, and axial diffusivities were also projected onto the mean FA skeleton.
  
  
  
  There were no significant differences in cortical thickness, deep gray matter structures volumes or diffusivity parameters between scans at the two time points (considering P < 0.05).
  
  
  
  No longitudinal differences in cortical thickness, deep gray matter volumes, or white matter integrity were observed in an HIV-positive population on stable HAART, with undetectable viral load and high CD4+ T lymphocytes count. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2016;44:1262-1269.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. diogogoulartcorrea@yahoo.com.br.|Clínica de Diagnóstico por Imagem (CDPI), Barra da Tijuca, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. diogogoulartcorrea@yahoo.com.br.
authors.forename: Diogo Goulart
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Corrêa
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.|Department of Psychology, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Partenon, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Nicolle
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Zimmermann
authors.affiliation: Clínica de Diagnóstico por Imagem (CDPI), Barra da Tijuca, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: Gustavo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tukamoto
authors.affiliation: Clínica de Diagnóstico por Imagem (CDPI), Barra da Tijuca, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Doring
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.|Clínica de Diagnóstico por Imagem (CDPI), Barra da Tijuca, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: Nina
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ventura
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: Sarah C B
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Leite
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rafael Ferracini
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Cabral
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.|Department of Psychology, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Partenon, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rochele Paz
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Fonseca
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: Paulo R V
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Bahia
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.|Clínica de Diagnóstico por Imagem (CDPI), Barra da Tijuca, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: Emerson Leandro
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Gasparetto
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active / Q000379:methods; D056324:Diffusion Tensor Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D018792:Encephalitis, Viral / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D066128:Gray Matter / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology*; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009929:Organ Size / Q000276:immunology; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D019562:Viral Load / Q000276:immunology; D066127:White Matter / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology*
keywords: HIV; HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders; cortical thickness; diffusion tensor imaging; longitudinal follow-up