title: Gender and racial/ethnic differences in binge eating symptoms in a nationally representative sample of adolescents in the United States.
abstract: Binge eating disorder (BED) is the most prevalent eating disorder in the U.S. adolescent population. Both BED and subthreshold binge eating disorder (SBED) are associated with physical and mental health problems. Gender and racial/ethnic differences in prevalence of binge eating in a nationally representative sample of adolescents have been reported but have not yet been assessed in relation to individual symptoms of binge eating. We examined gender and racial/ethnic differences in endorsement of eight binge eating symptoms in a nationally representative sample of U.S. adolescents.
  
  
  
  We used data from the National Comorbidity Survey-Adolescent Supplement (NCS-A; 2001-2004), a nationally representative cross-sectional study of adolescents aged 13 to 18years (n=9336). We compared binge eating symptoms across gender and racial/ethnic groups using multivariable regression models.
  
  
  
  Females endorsed more binge eating symptoms than males associated with loss of control ('eat when not hungry') (adjusted prevalence ratio [aPR]=1.18, 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.02, 1.37, p=0.024) and distress (e.g., 'afraid of weight gain while binge eating' [aPR]=3.29, CI=2.43, 4.47, p<0.001). Racial/ethnic minorities displayed different patterns of binge eating symptoms than non-Hispanic Whites. Hispanics reported being more 'afraid of weight gain while binge eating' (aPR=2.05, CI=1.25, 3.37, p=0.006) than non-Hispanic Blacks.
  
  
  
  Our findings suggest significant gender and racial/ethnic differences in binge eating symptom presentation. Future work should explore reasons for these gender and racial/ethnic differences and consider these differences when determining how best to prevent and treat binge eating in adolescents.
authors.affiliation: Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 624 North Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA. Electronic address: aleewin1@jhu.edu.
authors.forename: Angela E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Lee-Winn
authors.affiliation: The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 550 North Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA. Electronic address: sreinbl1@jhmi.edu.
authors.forename: Shauna P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Reinblatt
authors.affiliation: Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 624 North Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA. Electronic address: rmojtab1@jhu.edu.
authors.forename: Ramin
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mojtabai
authors.affiliation: Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 624 North Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA. Electronic address: tmendel1@jhu.edu.
authors.forename: Tamar
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mendelson
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D056912:Binge-Eating Disorder / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000523:psychology; D044383:Black People / Q000523:psychology; D002032:Bulimia / Q000208:ethnology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005006:Ethnicity / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006630:Hispanic or Latino / Q000523:psychology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D015995:Prevalence; D014481:United States; D044465:White People / Q000523:psychology; D001741:Black or African American
keywords: Adolescents; Binge eating disorder; Gender differences; National Comorbidity Survey Adolescent Supplement (NCS-A); Psychiatric epidemiology; Racial/ethnic differences