title: Ischemic heart disease deaths, disability-adjusted life years and risk factors in Fujian, China during 1990-2013: Data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Ischemic heart disease (IHD) is a large public health problem and is associated with a number of modifiable risk factors. The aim of this study was to estimate the IHD burden and attributable to risk factors in Fujian, China during 1990 to 2013.
  
  
  METHODS
  IHD deaths, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) and attributable to risk factors were estimated as part of the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2013 Study. Statistical models were employed to produce comprehensive results of IHD deaths, DALYs and attributable to risk. Means and 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs) were calculated for mortality and DALYs. The median of the percent change and 95% UI were determined for the period between 1990 and 2013.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The age-standardized IHD deaths rate increased by 15.3% from 1990 [74.7 (95% UI 62.9-99.1) per 100,000] to 2013 [82.7 (56.5-95.5) per 100,000]. The age-standardized IHD DALYs has slightly decreased 8.8% from 1990 to 2013[from 1356.2 (1134.3-1732.1) to 1202.7 (879.6-1404.6) per 100,000]. All risks combined account for 94.7% (92.9%- 96.0%) of IHD DALYs for all ages in 2013. The five leading risk factors for all ages IHD DALYs were high systolic blood pressure, high total cholesterol, smoking, diet high in sodium, and high fasting plasma glucose.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite decreased age-standardized IHD deaths and DALY rate since 1990, population growth and aging led to a higher global burden of IHD in 2013. Behavioral, environmental, and metabolic risks can explain most of the IHD DALYs providing many opportunities for prevention.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chronic and Non-communicable Disease, Fujian Province Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Fuzhou, China; School of Public Health, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China. Electronic address: xiexiaoxu@aliyun.com.
authors.forename: Xiao-Xu
authors.initials: XX
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.affiliation: Department of Abdominal Surgery, Jiangxi Cancer Hospital, Nanchang, China.
authors.forename: Wei-Min
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Department of Chronic and Non-communicable Disease, Fujian Province Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Fuzhou, China.
authors.forename: Fang
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Department of Chronic and Non-communicable Disease, Fujian Province Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Fuzhou, China.
authors.forename: Xiao-Qing
authors.initials: XQ
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Chronic and Non-communicable Disease, Fujian Province Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Fuzhou, China.
authors.forename: Wen-Ling
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Zhong
authors.affiliation: Department of Chronic and Non-communicable Disease, Fujian Province Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Fuzhou, China.
authors.forename: Shu-Guang
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Department of Chronic and Non-communicable Disease, Fujian Province Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Fuzhou, China; School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.
authors.forename: Wen-Yan
authors.initials: WY
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Chronic and Non-communicable Disease, Fujian Province Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Fuzhou, China; School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.
authors.forename: Tie-Hui
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Chronic and Non-communicable Disease, Fujian Province Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Fuzhou, China; School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.affiliation: Department of Chronic and Non-communicable Disease, Fujian Province Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Fuzhou, China.
authors.forename: Xiang-Ju
authors.initials: XJ
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Department of Chronic and Non-communicable Disease, Fujian Province Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Fuzhou, China.
authors.forename: Xi
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Department of Chronic and Non-communicable Disease, Fujian Province Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Fuzhou, China; School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.
authors.forename: Shao-Fen
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Department of Chronic and Non-communicable Disease, Fujian Province Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Fuzhou, China.
authors.forename: Xiu-Quang
authors.initials: XQ
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Department of Chronic and Non-communicable Disease, Fujian Province Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Fuzhou, China.
authors.forename: Xiao-Jie
authors.initials: XJ
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Department of Chronic and Non-communicable Disease, Fujian Province Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Fuzhou, China.
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Fang
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D017281:Cost of Illness; D005260:Female; D000071219:Global Burden of Disease; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000191:economics / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000401:mortality / Q000523:psychology; D019057:Quality-Adjusted Life Years; D012307:Risk Factors
keywords: Disability-adjusted life years; Ischemic heart disease; Mortality; Risk factor