title: Protective effects of alpha lipoic acid on radiation-induced salivary gland injury in rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Radiation therapy is a treatment for patients with head and neck (HN) cancer. However, radiation exposure to the HN often induces salivary gland (SG) dysfunction. We investigated the effect of α-lipoic acid (ALA) on radiation-induced SG injury in rats.
  
  
  RESULTS
  ALA preserved acinoductal integrity and acinar cell secretary function following irradiation. These results are related to the mechanisms by which ALA inhibits oxidative stress by inhibiting gp91 mRNA and 8-OHdG expression and apoptosis of acinar cells and ductal cells by inactivating MAPKs in the early period and expression of inflammation-related factors including NF-κB, IκB-α, and TGF-β1 and fibrosis in late irradiated SG. ALA effects began in the acute phase and persisted for at least 56 days after irradiation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Rats were assigned to followings: control, ALA only (100 mg/kg, i.p.), irradiated, and ALA administered 24 h and 30 min prior to irradiation. The neck area including the SG was evenly irradiated with 2 Gy per minute (total dose, 18 Gy) using a photon 6-MV linear accelerator. Rats were killed at 4, 7, 28, and 56 days after radiation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results show that ALA could be used to ameliorate radiation-induced SG injury in patients with HN cancer.
authors.affiliation: Biomedical Research Institute, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea.|Institute of Health Science, Jinju, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jin Hyun
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, Jinju, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Kyung Mi
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Biomedical Research Institute, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Myeong Hee
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.affiliation: Institute of Health Science, Jinju, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea.|Department of Internal Medicine, Jinju, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jung Hwa
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.affiliation: Institute of Health Science, Jinju, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea.|Department of Radiation Oncology, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine and Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Ki Mun
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Health Science, Jinju, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea.|Department of Radiation Oncology, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine and Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Bae Kwon
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Jeong
authors.affiliation: Institute of Health Science, Jinju, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea.|Department of Otolaryngology, Jinju, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jin Pyeong
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Institute of Health Science, Jinju, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea.|Department of Otolaryngology, Jinju, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jung Je
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Institute of Health Science, Jinju, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea.|Department of Otolaryngology, Jinju, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Seung Hoon
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Woo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D008297:Male; D011833:Radiation Injuries, Experimental / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011837:Radiation-Protective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011878:Radiotherapy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012469:Salivary Glands / Q000528:radiation effects*; D008063:Thioctic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D011837:Radiation-Protective Agents; D008063:Thioctic Acid
keywords: Nox-2; alpha lipoic acid; complication; radiation; salivary gland