title: Risk factors for comorbid psychopathology in youth with psychogenic nonepileptic seizures.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the risk factors for internalizing (anxiety, depression) and posttraumatic stress (PTSD) disorders, somatization, and anxiety sensitivity (AS) in youth with psychogenic non-epileptic seizures (PNES).
  
  
  METHODS
  55 probands with PNES and 35 siblings, aged 8-18 years, underwent a psychiatric interview, cognitive and language testing, and completed somatization and AS questionnaires. Parents provided the subjects' medical, psychiatric, family, and adversity history information.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The risk factors for the probands' internalizing disorders (girls, older age of PNES onset), somatization (older age, epilepsy), and anxiety sensitivity (girls, adversities) differed from their siblings. The risk factors in the siblings, however, were similar to the general pediatric population. Proband depression was unrelated to the study's risk variables while PTSD was significantly associated with female gender and lower Full Scale IQ.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Knowledge about the specificity of the risk factors for comorbid psychopathology in youth with PNES might facilitate their early identification and treatment.
authors.affiliation: Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University, 225 E. Chicago Ave, Chicago, IL 60611, USA. Electronic address: splioply@luriechildrens.org.
authors.forename: Sigita
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Plioplys
authors.affiliation: Minnesota Epilepsy Group, 225 Smith Ave. N., St. Paul, MN 55102, USA.
authors.forename: Julia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Doss
authors.affiliation: David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 760 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA.
authors.forename: Prabha
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Siddarth
authors.affiliation: David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 760 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA.
authors.forename: Brenda
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bursch
authors.affiliation: Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Neurologic Institute, 9500 Euclid Ave/P57, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.
authors.forename: Tatiana
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Falcone
authors.affiliation: David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 760 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA.
authors.forename: Marcy
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Forgey
authors.affiliation: Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Stanford University, 401 Quarry Road, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
authors.forename: Kyle
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hinman
authors.affiliation: Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University and Rhode Island Hospital, 593 Eddy St. - Potter B, Providence, RI 02903, USA.
authors.forename: W Curt
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: LaFrance
authors.affiliation: Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University and Rhode Island Hospital, 593 Eddy St. - Potter B, Providence, RI 02903, USA.
authors.forename: Rebecca
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Laptook
authors.affiliation: Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Stanford University, 401 Quarry Road, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
authors.forename: Richard J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Shaw
authors.affiliation: Stony Brook University Medical Center, Putnam Hall-South Campus, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA.
authors.forename: Deborah M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Weisbrot
authors.affiliation: Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University and Rhode Island Hospital, 593 Eddy St. - Potter B, Providence, RI 02903, USA.
authors.forename: Matthew D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Willis
authors.affiliation: David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 760 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA.
authors.forename: Rochelle
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Caplan
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D015897:Comorbidity; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011602:Psychophysiologic Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D012640:Seizures / Q000453:epidemiology*; D035781:Siblings
keywords: Anxiety; Children; Depression; Psychogenic; Psychopathology; Seizures