title: Inequalities in mental health in the working population of Spain: a National Health Survey-based study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In the working population, poor mental health is a significant problem whose prevalence rates and associated factors could differ by gender, especially in a period of socioeconomic changes. The aims of this study were: a) to determine the prevalence of poor mental health in the working population of Spain in 2011; b) to identify the association of this prevalence with socioeconomic and work-related variables for men and women separately; c) to determine if the patterns differ by gender.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional study was conducted with data from the National Health Survey of Spain (2011). Of the 21,007 participants in the survey, we selected 7396 whose employment status was described as "working" The General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) was used as a screening tool to detect poor mental health. Prevalences were calculated and bivariate and multivariate logistic regression models were fitted to verify the association between variables.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of poor mental health was higher among women (19.9%) than men (13.9%), the overall prevalence being 16.8%. The variables associated with a higher prevalence were type of contract and work-related variables in men, and age and socioeconomic variables in women.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study shows that, in the working population of Spain, the prevalence of poor mental health and its related factors differ by gender. Poor mental health is mainly related to socioeconomic variables in women but is mostly associated with work-related variables in men.
authors.affiliation: Research Group of Interaction Gen-Health-Environment, University of León, León, Spain; CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain. Electronic address: jorgeariasdelatorre@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Jorge
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Arias-de la Torre
authors.affiliation: CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain; Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Biomedical Research (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Lucía
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Artazcoz
authors.affiliation: Research Group of Interaction Gen-Health-Environment, University of León, León, Spain.
authors.forename: Antonio José
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Molina
authors.affiliation: Research Group of Interaction Gen-Health-Environment, University of León, León, Spain.
authors.forename: Tania
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fernández-Villa
authors.affiliation: Research Group of Interaction Gen-Health-Environment, University of León, León, Spain; CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain.
authors.forename: Vicente
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Martín
mesh_terms: D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004651:Employment / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys; D054625:Healthcare Disparities; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D008603:Mental Health; D015995:Prevalence; D017678:Sex Distribution; D012737:Sex Factors; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013030:Spain / Q000453:epidemiology
keywords: Encuestas de salud; Factores socioeconómicos; Gender; Health survey; Mental health; Occupational health; Salud laboral; Salud mental; Sexo; Socioeconomic factors