title: Surfactant tuning of hydrophilicity of porous degradable copolymer scaffolds promotes cellular proliferation and enhances bone formation.
abstract: Poly(l-lactide-co-ɛ-caprolactone) (poly(LLA-co-CL)) has been blended with Tween 80 to tune the material properties and optimize cell-material interactions. Accordingly, the aims of this study were fourfold: to evaluate the effect of low concentrations of Tween 80 on the surface microstructure of 3D poly(LLA-co-CL) porous scaffolds: to determine the effect of different concentrations of Tween 80 on proliferation of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) in vitro under dynamic cell culture at 7 and 21 days; to assess the influence of Tween 80 on the degradation rate of poly(LLA-co-CL) at 7 and 21 days; and in a subcutaneous rat model, to evaluate the effect on bone formation of porous scaffolds modified with 3% Tween 80 at 2 and 8 weeks. Blending 3% (w/w) Tween 80 with poly(LLA-co-CL) improves the surface wettability (p < 0.001). Poly(LLA-co-CL)/3% Tween 80 shows significantly increased cellular proliferation at days 7 and 21 (p < 0.001). Moreover, the presence of Tween 80 facilitates the degradation of poly(LLA-co-CL). Two weeks post-implantation, the poly(LLA-co-CL)/3% Tween 80 scaffolds exhibit significant mRNA expression of Runx2 (p = 0.004). After 8 weeks, poly(LLA-co-CL)/3% Tween 80 scaffolds show significantly increased de novo bone formation, demonstrated by μ-CT (p = 0.0133) and confirmed histologically. It can be concluded that blending 3% (w/w) Tween 80 with poly (LLA-co-CL) improves the hydrophilicity and osteogenic potential of the scaffolds. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 104A: 2049-2059, 2016.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
authors.forename: Mohammed A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Yassin
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
authors.forename: Knut N
authors.initials: KN
authors.lastname: Leknes
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.|Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
authors.forename: Stein A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Lie
authors.affiliation: Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Finne-Wistrand
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
authors.forename: Kamal
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mustafa
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D057927:Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; D008297:Male; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008970:Molecular Weight; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000187:drug effects*; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry*; D011136:Polysorbates / Q000494:pharmacology; D016062:Porosity; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011917:Rats, Inbred Lew; D013501:Surface-Active Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds / Q000737:chemistry*; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry; D055114:X-Ray Microtomography
chemical_list: D011108:Polymers; D011136:Polysorbates; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D013501:Surface-Active Agents; D014867:Water
keywords: BMSCs; Tween 80; bone formation; copolymer scaffolds; hydrophilicity