title: Enhancement of hand hygiene compliance among health care workers from a hemodialysis unit using video-monitoring feedback.
abstract: The importance of hand hygiene in the prevention of health care-associated infection is well known. Experience with hand hygiene compliance (HHC) evaluation in hemodialysis units is scarce.
  
  
  
  This study was a 3-phase, prospective longitudinal intervention study during a 5-month period in a 13-bed hemodialysis unit at a university hospital in Northern Mexico. The unit performs an average of 1,150 hemodialysis procedures per month. Compliance was evaluated by a direct observer and a video assisted observer. Feedback was given to health care workers in the form of educational sessions and confidential reports and video analysis of compliance and noncompliance.
  
  
  
  A total of 5,402 hand hygiene opportunities were registered; 5,201 during 7,820 minutes of video footage and 201 by direct observation during 1,180 minutes. Lower compliance during the baseline evaluation was observed by video monitoring compared with direct observation (P <0.05). Discrepancy between both methods was 29.2% (0.4%-59.8%); the average improvement in compliance during the study was 30.6% (range, 7.3%-75.5%). Global and Individual results for each subject revealed a statistically significant Improvement in the majority. Noncompliance according to WHO's 5 Moments for HH was greater for moment 5 (30.1%). We estimated that a health care worker in a hemodialysis unit could take 22-44.3% of working hours for proper hand hygiene compliance.
  
  
  
  Video-assisted monitoring of hand hygiene is an excellent method for the evaluation of HHC in a hemodialysis unit; enhanced HHC can be achieved through a feedback program to the hemodialysis staff that includes video examples and confidential reports.
authors.affiliation: Coordinación de Epidemiología, Hospital Universitario "Dr. José Eleuterio González," Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico.
authors.forename: Laura Arelí
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Sánchez-Carrillo
authors.affiliation: Coordinación de Epidemiología, Hospital Universitario "Dr. José Eleuterio González," Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico.
authors.forename: Juan Manuel
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Rodríguez-López
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario "Dr. José Eleuterio González," Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico.
authors.forename: Dionisio Ángel
authors.initials: DÁ
authors.lastname: Galarza-Delgado
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario "Dr. José Eleuterio González," Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Baena-Trejo
authors.affiliation: Coordinación de Epidemiología, Hospital Universitario "Dr. José Eleuterio González," Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico.
authors.forename: Magaly
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Padilla-Orozco
authors.affiliation: Coordinación de Epidemiología, Hospital Universitario "Dr. José Eleuterio González," Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico.
authors.forename: Lidia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mendoza-Flores
authors.affiliation: Coordinación de Epidemiología, Hospital Universitario "Dr. José Eleuterio González," Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico. Electronic address: acamacho_md@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Adrián
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Camacho-Ortiz
mesh_terms: D000067289:Behavior Observation Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D005246:Feedback; D019983:Guideline Adherence; D063373:Hand Hygiene / Q000379:methods*; D006282:Health Personnel; D006436:Hemodialysis Units, Hospital; D006785:Hospitals, University; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008800:Mexico; D011446:Prospective Studies; D014741:Video Recording
keywords: Hand hygiene; Hawthorne effect; hospital-acquired infections; video assistance