title: Viral Evasion of Natural Killer Cell Activation.
abstract: Natural killer (NK) cells play a key role in antiviral innate defenses because of their abilities to kill infected cells and secrete regulatory cytokines. Additionally, NK cells exhibit adaptive memory-like antigen-specific responses, which represent a novel antiviral NK cell defense mechanism. Viruses have evolved various strategies to evade the recognition and destruction by NK cells through the downregulation of the NK cell activating receptors. Here, we review the recent findings on viral evasion of NK cells via the impairment of NK cell-activating receptors and ligands, which provide new insights on the relationship between NK cells and viral actions during persistent viral infections.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Human Virology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 74, Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou 510080, China. mayi3@mail2.sysu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: Institute of Human Virology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 74, Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou 510080, China. lixjuan3@mail.sysu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Xiaojuan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Institute of Human Virology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 74, Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou 510080, China. kuangersh@mail.sysu.edu.cn.|Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-Sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510080, China. kuangersh@mail.sysu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Ersheng
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kuang
mesh_terms: D056704:Adaptive Immunity; D000818:Animals; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D057131:Immune Evasion; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D007694:Killer Cells, Natural / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D008024:Ligands; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000276:immunology*; D055655:NK Cell Lectin-Like Receptor Subfamily K / Q000378:metabolism; D055607:Receptors, Natural Killer Cell / Q000378:metabolism; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D014777:Virus Diseases / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000821:virology; D018406:Virus Physiological Phenomena
chemical_list: D008024:Ligands; D055655:NK Cell Lectin-Like Receptor Subfamily K; D055607:Receptors, Natural Killer Cell; D014764:Viral Proteins
keywords: activating receptor; herpesvirus; ligands; natural killer cells; viral evasion