title: CRF receptor type 1 (but not type 2) located within the amygdala plays a role in the modulation of anxiety in mice exposed to the elevated plus maze.
abstract: The amygdala (Amy) is an important center that processes threatening stimuli. Among the neurotransmitters implicated in the control of emotional states, the corticotrophin releasing factor (CRF) is an important modulator, acting at CRF1 and CRF2 receptors. Few studies have investigated the role of CRF and its receptors in the Amy on anxiety in mice. Here, we investigated the effects of intra-Amy (aimed at the basolateral nucleus) injections of CRF (37.5 and 75pmol/0.1μl), urocortin 3 (UCn3, a selective CRF2 agonist; 4, 8, 16 or 24pmol/0.1μl), CP376395 (a selective CRF1 antagonist; 0.375, 0.75 or 1.5nmol/0.1μl), antisauvagine-30 (ASV-30, a selective CRF2 antagonist; 1 or 3nmol/0.1μl) on the behavior of mice exposed to the elevated plus maze (EPM). Both spatiotemporal (e.g., percentage of open-arm entries and percentage of open-arm time; %OE and %OT) and complementary [e.g., frequency of protected and unprotected stretched attend postures (pSAP and uSAP) and head dips (pHD and uHD); frequency and time spent on open arm end exploration (OAEE)] measures were recorded during a 5-min test in the EPM. While intra-Amy injections of CRF decreased %OE, %OT and OAEE, suggesting an anxiogenic-like action, UCn3 (all doses) did not change any behavior. In contrast, injections of CP376395 (0.75nmol) produced an anxiolytic-like effect, by increasing %OT and OAEE and decreasing pSAP and pHD. Neither spatiotemporal nor complementary measures were changed by intra-Amy ASV-30. These results suggest that CRF plays a marked anxiogenic role at CRF1 receptors in the amygdala of mice exposed to the EPM.
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Univ. Estadual Paulista - UNESP, 14800-903, Araraquara, SP, Brazil; Joint Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, UFSCar/UNESP, São Carlos, SP 13565-905, Brazil. Electronic address: anac_cipri@yahoo.com.br.
authors.forename: Ana Cláudia
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Cipriano
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Univ. Estadual Paulista - UNESP, 14800-903, Araraquara, SP, Brazil. Electronic address: karinasg@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Karina Santos
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Gomes
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Univ. Estadual Paulista - UNESP, 14800-903, Araraquara, SP, Brazil; Joint Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, UFSCar/UNESP, São Carlos, SP 13565-905, Brazil. Electronic address: souzarn@fcfar.unesp.br.
authors.forename: Ricardo Luiz
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Nunes-de-Souza
mesh_terms: D000631:Aminopyridines / Q000494:pharmacology; D000679:Amygdala / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D014151:Anti-Anxiety Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D001007:Anxiety / Q000378:metabolism*; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000378:metabolism; D003346:Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D018782:Maze Learning / Q000187:drug effects; D051379:Mice; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000494:pharmacology; D018019:Receptors, Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000378:metabolism; D000099052:CRF Receptor, Type 1
chemical_list: C529296:(3,6-dimethyl-2-(2,4,6-trimethylphenoxy)pyridin-4-yl)(1-ethylpropyl)amine; D000631:Aminopyridines; D014151:Anti-Anxiety Agents; C101531:CRF receptor type 2; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D018019:Receptors, Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone; C116607:antisauvagine 30; D000099052:CRF Receptor, Type 1; D003346:Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone
keywords: Amygdala; Anxiety; CRF(1) and CRF(2) receptors; Corticotrophin releasing factor; Elevated plus maze; Mice