title: Challenges in Veterinary Vaccine Development and Immunization.
abstract: In approaching the development of a veterinary vaccine, researchers must choose from a bewildering array of options that can be combined to enhance benefit. The choice and combination of options is not just driven by efficacy, but also consideration of the cost, practicality, and challenges faced in licensing the product. In this review we set out the different choices faced by veterinary vaccine developers, highlight some issues, and propose some pressing needs to be addressed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Infectious Diseases, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 7AL, UK. m.chambers@surrey.ac.uk.|Department of Bacteriology, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Addlestone, Surrey, KT15 3NB, UK. m.chambers@surrey.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Mark A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Chambers
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Infectious Diseases, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 7AL, UK.|The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Woking, GU24 0NF, UK.
authors.forename: Simon P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Graham
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Infectious Diseases, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 7AL, UK.
authors.forename: Roberto M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: La Ragione
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D000941:Antigens / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007114:Immunization / Q000379:methods*; D014612:Vaccines / Q000276:immunology*; D014730:Veterinary Medicine / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000941:Antigens; D014612:Vaccines
keywords: Animal; Bacterial; Control; Disease; Parasitic; Prevention; Vaccination; Veterinary; Viral