title: Antitumor activities and immunomodulatory of rice bran polysaccharides and its sulfates in vitro.
abstract: Polysaccharides purified from rice bran show antitumor activity against tumor cells, yet the mechanism of this action remains poorly understood. To address this issue, our study evaluated the effect of rice bran polysaccharides on mouse melanoma cell line B16, and Raw264.7 macrophages. Rice bran polysaccharides (RBP) failed to inhibit B16 cell growth in vitro. However, Raw264.7 macrophages treated by RBP enhancement of cytotoxic effects. The cytotoxicity was confirmed by the stimulation of nitric oxide (NO) production and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) secretion on Raw264.7 macrophages in a dose-dependent manner. RBP2, a fraction of RBP, notably enhanced the inhibition of B16 cells and boosted the immunepotentiation effect compared with RBP. To further enhance the inhibition of B16 cell growth, sulfated polysaccharides (SRBP) was derived using the chlorosulfonic acid-pyridine method. SRBP2 was found to suppress B16 cell growth, reduce B16 cell survival and stimulate NO and TNF-α production. However, SRBP2 displayed a cytotoxic effect on Raw264.7 macrophages. These results suggest that the antitumor activity of RBP and RBP2 is mediated mainly through the activation of macrophages. SRBP2 exerts its antitumor activity by inducing apoptosis in tumor cells and the secretion of NO and TNF-α.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Food safety and quality control, Jiangsu province, National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122,Jiangsu, China. Electronic address: legend0318@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Hubei Key Laboratory of Edible Wild Plants Conservation and Utilization, 11 Cihu Road, Huangshi, 435002, China.
authors.forename: Yulin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Food safety and quality control, Jiangsu province, National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122,Jiangsu, China.
authors.forename: Lidan
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, 14085, NY, United States.
authors.forename: Ran
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Food safety and quality control, Jiangsu province, National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122,Jiangsu, China.
authors.forename: Ren
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Food safety and quality control, Jiangsu province, National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122,Jiangsu, China.
authors.forename: Xiaohu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Food safety and quality control, Jiangsu province, National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122,Jiangsu, China.
authors.forename: Yongfu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Food safety and quality control, Jiangsu province, National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122,Jiangsu, China.
authors.forename: Yanan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Food safety and quality control, Jiangsu province, National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122,Jiangsu, China.
authors.forename: Zhengxing
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects*; D004043:Dietary Fiber; D006801:Humans; D007155:Immunologic Factors / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects; D051379:Mice; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology; D012275:Oryza / Q000737:chemistry; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology; D000067996:RAW 264.7 Cells; D013431:Sulfates / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D004043:Dietary Fiber; D007155:Immunologic Factors; D010936:Plant Extracts; D011134:Polysaccharides; D013431:Sulfates
keywords: Antitumor activity; Rice bran; Sulfated polysaccharide