title: Testing of a Novel Cancer Metastatic Multiplex Panel for the Detection of Bone-metastatic Disease - a Pilot Study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Bone metastases develop in several malignancies (multiple myeloma, breast, prostate and lung carcinoma) and cause several complications. The aim of this study was to search for new biomarkers to use in monitoring of bone metastatic disease with the use of xMAP technology.
  
  
  METHODS
  We assessed 62 oncological patients: 23 with no bone metastases, 28 with metastatic disease not having undergone therapy and 11 with metastatic disease treated by denosumab. Serum levels of dickkopf-related protein 1 (DKK1), growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF15), neuron-specific enolase (NSE), osteoprotegerin (OPG), osteonectin, periostin, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP5), tumor necrosis factor related weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK), chitinase-3-like protein 1 (YKL40), carboxy-terminal telopeptide (CTX) and procollagen type 1 N-terminal propeptide (PINP) were measured in each sample.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The following biomarkers were observed to have significantly higher levels in the groups of patients with metastases in comparison to metastasis-free patients: GDF15 (p<0.0001), osteonectin (p=0.0311), TRAP5 (p<0.0046), TWEAK (p<0.0343) and YKL40 (p<0.0034). The changes in DKK1, NSE, OPG and periostin were not significant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We identified five new biomarkers: GDF15, osteonectin, TRAP5, TWEAK, and YKL40 as being promising markers for monitoring bone metastases.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Immunoanalysis, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Medical School and Teaching Hospital in Pilsen, Charles University in Prague, Pilsen, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Jindra
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Windrichova
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Immunoanalysis, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Medical School and Teaching Hospital in Pilsen, Charles University in Prague, Pilsen, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Radka
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Fuchsova
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Immunoanalysis, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Medical School and Teaching Hospital in Pilsen, Charles University in Prague, Pilsen, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Radek
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kucera
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Immunoanalysis, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Medical School and Teaching Hospital in Pilsen, Charles University in Prague, Pilsen, Czech Republic topolcan@fnplzen.cz.
authors.forename: Ondrej
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Topolcan
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology and Radiotherapy, Medical School and Teaching Hospital in Pilsen, Charles University in Prague, Pilsen, Czech Republic Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University in Prague, Pilsen, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Ondrej
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Fiala
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology and Radiotherapy, Medical School and Teaching Hospital in Pilsen, Charles University in Prague, Pilsen, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Jindrich
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Finek
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Immunoanalysis, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Medical School and Teaching Hospital in Pilsen, Charles University in Prague, Pilsen, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Dagmar
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Slipkova
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Immunoanalysis, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Medical School and Teaching Hospital in Pilsen, Charles University in Prague, Pilsen, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Marie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Karlikova
authors.affiliation: Osteocenter, Second Internal Clinic, Teaching Hospital in Pilsen, Pilsen, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Jana
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Svobodova
mesh_terms: D000135:Acid Phosphatase / Q000097:blood*; D054392:Adipokines / Q000097:blood*; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000097:blood*; D001859:Bone Neoplasms / Q000097:blood* / Q000556:secondary; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology; D000071451:Chitinase-3-Like Protein 1; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology; D000074049:Cytokine TWEAK; D005260:Female; D055436:Growth Differentiation Factor 15 / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000097:blood*; D037102:Lectins / Q000097:blood*; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015676:Osteonectin / Q000097:blood*; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology; D000071681:Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase; D048069:Tumor Necrosis Factors / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D054392:Adipokines; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; C084533:CHI3L1 protein, human; D000071451:Chitinase-3-Like Protein 1; D000074049:Cytokine TWEAK; C526140:GDF15 protein, human; D055436:Growth Differentiation Factor 15; D007527:Isoenzymes; D037102:Lectins; D015676:Osteonectin; C109743:TNFSF12 protein, human; D048069:Tumor Necrosis Factors; D000135:Acid Phosphatase; D000071681:Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase
keywords: Cancer; biomarkers; bone metastasis; multiplex technology; scintigraphy