title: Common neural correlates of real and imagined movements contributing to the performance of brain-machine interfaces.
abstract: The relationship between M1 activity representing motor information in real and imagined movements have not been investigated with high spatiotemporal resolution using non-invasive measurements. We examined the similarities and differences in M1 activity during real and imagined movements. Ten subjects performed or imagined three types of right upper limb movements. To infer the movement type, we used 40 virtual channels in the M1 contralateral to the movement side (cM1) using a beamforming approach. For both real and imagined movements, cM1 activities increased around response onset, after which their intensities were significantly different. Similarly, although decoding accuracies surpassed the chance level in both real and imagined movements, these were significantly different after the onset. Single virtual channel-based analysis showed that decoding accuracy significantly increased around the hand and arm areas during real and imagined movements and that these are spatially correlated. The temporal correlation of decoding accuracy significantly increased around the hand and arm areas, except for the period immediately after response onset. Our results suggest that cM1 is involved in similar neural activities related to the representation of motor information during real and imagined movements, except for presence or absence of sensory-motor integration induced by sensory feedback.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Osaka University Medical School, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.|Faculty of Welfare and Health Science, Oita University, 700 Dannoharu, Oita, 870-1192, Japan.
authors.forename: Hisato
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sugata
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Osaka University Medical School, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.|Division of Functional Diagnostic Science, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-7 Yamadaoka, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
authors.forename: Masayuki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hirata
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Osaka University Medical School, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.|Division of Functional Diagnostic Science, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-7 Yamadaoka, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.|ATR Computational Neuroscience Laboratories, 2-2-2 Hikaridai, Keihannna Science City, Kyoto, 619-0288, Japan.
authors.forename: Takufumi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yanagisawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Osaka University Medical School, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.|Department of Mechanical Engineering, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan.
authors.forename: Kojiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Matsushita
authors.affiliation: Division of Functional Diagnostic Science, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-7 Yamadaoka, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
authors.forename: Shiro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yorifuji
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Osaka University Medical School, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
authors.forename: Toshiki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yoshimine
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001921:Brain / Q000502:physiology*; D062207:Brain-Computer Interfaces; D056228:Feedback, Sensory; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007092:Imagination; D008297:Male; D009068:Movement; D011597:Psychomotor Performance