title: The Clinical TMS Society Consensus Review and Treatment Recommendations for TMS Therapy for Major Depressive Disorder.
abstract: Prefrontal Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) therapy repeated daily over 4-6 weeks (20-30 sessions) is US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved for treating Major Depressive Disorder in adults who have not responded to prior antidepressant medications. In 2011, leading TMS clinical providers and researchers created the Clinical TMS Society (cTMSs) (www.clinicaltmssociety.org, Greenwich, CT, USA), incorporated in 2013.
  
  
  
  This consensus review was written by cTMSs leaders, informed by membership polls, and approved by the governing board. It summarizes current evidence for the safety and efficacy of the use of TMS therapy for treating depression in routine clinical practice. Authors systematically reviewed the published TMS antidepressant therapy clinical trials. Studies were then assessed and graded on their strength of evidence using the Levels of Evidence framework published by the University of Oxford Centre for Evidence Based Medicine. The authors then summarize essentials for using TMS therapy in routine clinical practice settings derived from discussions and polls of cTMSs members. Finally, each summary clinical recommendation is presented with the substantiating peer-reviewed, published evidence supporting that recommendation. When the current published clinical trial evidence was insufficient or incomplete, expert opinion was included when sufficient consensus was available from experienced clinician users among the membership of the cTMSs, who were polled at the Annual Meetings in 2014 and 2015.
  
  
  
  Daily left prefrontal TMS has substantial evidence of efficacy and safety for treating the acute phase of depression in patients who are treatment resistant or intolerant. Following the clinical recommendations in this document should result in continued safe and effective use of this exciting new treatment modality.
authors.affiliation: Contemporary Care, Greenwich, CT, USA.
authors.forename: Tarique
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Perera
authors.affiliation: Brain Stimulation Division, Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA; Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, SC, USA. Electronic address: georgem@musc.edu.
authors.forename: Mark S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: George
authors.affiliation: TMS NeuroHealth, McLean, VA, USA.
authors.forename: Geoffrey
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Grammer
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.
authors.forename: Philip G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Janicak
authors.affiliation: Berenson-Allen Center for Non-invasive Brain Stimulation, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Alvaro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pascual-Leone
authors.affiliation: TMS Center of Colorado, Denver, CO, USA.
authors.forename: Theodore S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Wirecki
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000928:Antidepressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine / Q000592:standards; D006801:Humans; D017397:Prefrontal Cortex / Q000502:physiology; D012955:Societies, Medical / Q000592:standards*; D050781:Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation / Q000592:standards*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000928:Antidepressive Agents
keywords: Depression; Guidelines; Review; TMS