title: Bacillus-produced surfactin attenuates chronic inflammation in atherosclerotic lesions of ApoE(-/-) mice.
abstract: Bacillus-produced surfactin can inhibit acute inflammation in vitro and in vivo. However, there is no report whether surfactin could inhibit chronic inflammation in the atherosclerotic lesions. Apoliprotein E deficient (ApoE(-/-)) mice (fed on atherogenic diet) were intragastrically administered with surfactin for 9 doses, then the athero-protective effect of surfactin was determined in vivo. The results showed surfactin could induce anti-inflammatory factors such as IgA, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β and interleukin (IL)-10 in the intestine. Further investigation discovered that surfactin also systemically induced CD4(+)CD25(+)FoxP3(+) Tregs in spleen, which could inhibit T cells to produce pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interferon (IFN)-γ. The IgG subclass pattern with high titer of IgG1 (Th2-type) but low titer of IgG2a (Th1-type) was also found in the surfactin-treated mice. As a result, the attenuation of chronic inflammation was observed in the surfactin-treated groups accompanying with less TNF-α but more IL-10 in the atherosclerotic lesions. Moreover, surfactin could reduce serum total cholesterol and cholesterol in low-density lipoprotein, and increase serum cholesterol in high-density lipoprotein in mice. Collectively, surfactin could significantly attenuate atherosclerotic lesions on the aorta by restoration of the delicate balance of Th1/Th2 response in mice.
authors.affiliation: College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gan
authors.affiliation: College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
authors.forename: Dong
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.affiliation: College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
authors.forename: Xiuyun
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; School of Pharmacy, Yancheng Teachers' University, Xiwang Road, Yancheng 224051, China.
authors.forename: Zhenqiu
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
authors.forename: Shengying
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: College of Life Science, Hubei University, 430062, China.
authors.forename: Peng
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Du
authors.affiliation: College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China. Electronic address: qigaofu@mail.hzau.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Gaofu
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Qi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001057:Apolipoproteins E / Q000235:genetics; D001407:Bacillus / Q000276:immunology*; D056747:Immunomodulation; D007249:Inflammation / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000378:metabolism; D055666:Lipopeptides / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D010456:Peptides, Cyclic / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D058226:Plaque, Atherosclerotic / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology; D050378:T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory / Q000276:immunology*; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D001057:Apolipoproteins E; D055666:Lipopeptides; D010456:Peptides, Cyclic; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D016753:Interleukin-10; C009365:surfactin peptide
keywords: Anti-inflammation; Atherosclerosis; Surfactin