title: Phytochemical analysis of hydroethanolic extract of Turnera diffusa Willd and evaluation of its effects on astrocyte cell death.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the phytochemical composition of hydroethanolic extracts from powdered aerial parts of Turnera diffusa Willd (Turneraceae; T. diffusa), as well as its toxicity in astrocytes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Chemical analyses of hydroethanolic extract from powdered aerial parts ofT. diffusa were carried out using HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS.In vitro assays using astrocytes culture were performed to evaluate cell death.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Flavone-C, O-diglycosides, such as, luteolin-8-C-[6-deoxy-2-O-rhamnosyl]-xylo-hexos-3-uloside, apigenin-8-C-[6-deoxy-2-O-rhamnosyl]-xylo-hexos-3-uloside and apigenin-7-O-6"-p-coumaroylglucoside were the main compounds found in this hydroethanolic extract. Concentration time-effect demonstrated the toxicity of this extract at a concentration of 1,000µg/mL in astrocyte culture, after 6 and 24 hours of incubation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In phytochemical analyses, important antioxidants (mainly flavonoids) were observed. T. diffusa extracts presented cytotoxic effect in high concentrations, leading to increased cell death in astrocyte culture.
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Andréia Gomes
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Bezerra
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Giuseppina
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Negri
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei, Divinópolis, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Joaquim Maurício
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Duarte-Almeida
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Soraya Soubhi
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Smaili
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Elisaldo Araújo
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Carlini
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000737:chemistry*; D001253:Astrocytes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects*; D016923:Cell Death / Q000187:drug effects; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods; D047309:Flavones / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity; D051381:Rats; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization / Q000379:methods; D029647:Turnera / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D047309:Flavones; D010936:Plant Extracts