title: Particulate Matter Facilitates C6 Glioma Cells Activation and the Release of Inflammatory Factors Through MAPK and JAK2/STAT3 Pathways.
abstract: It has been widely accepted that astrocytes, play a role in regulating almost every physiological system. In the present study, we investigated the role of particulate matter (PM) in regulating activation of astrocytes. The glial cell strain C6 was cloned from a rat glioma which was induced by N-nitrosomethylurea. The C6 cells were plated at a density of 5 × 10(6) cells/10 cm diameter dish and incubated with different concentrations (0, 12, 25, 50, 100, 200, and 400 μg/mL) of PM for 24 h and different time (0, 1, 3, 6, 8,12, and 24 h) with 100 μg/mL at 37 °C. The study revealed that PM stimulated the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) as well as the production of IL-1β in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Furthermore, activation of JAK2/STAT3 and p38/JNK/ERK MAPKs was found in astrocytes following PM treatment. Blockage of JAK and p38/JNK/ERK MAPKs with their specific inhibitors, AG490, SB202190, SP600125 and U0126 significantly reduced PM-induced iNOS expression and IL-1β production. In addition, it was demonstrated that inhibition of p38, JNK and JAK prevented STAT3 tyrosine phosphorylation induced by PM, while blocking ERK did not. MAPKs (p38 and JNK) could regulate tyrosine STAT3 phosphorylation, which suggested that the JAK2/STAT3 pathway might be the downstream of p38/JNK MAPK pathways.
authors.affiliation: Department of Labor and Environmental Hygiene, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Ting
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Jianya
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, the Second People's Hospital of Nan Tong, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Jianbin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ge
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, the Second People's Hospital of Nan Tong, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Jianbin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, the Second People's Hospital of Nan Tong, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xinjian
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Cheng
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Labor and Environmental Hygiene, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Jiamin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mao
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Labor and Environmental Hygiene, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Ye
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zou
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yanmei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Labor and Environmental Hygiene, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China. chengang@ntu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Gang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005910:Glioma / Q000378:metabolism*; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism*; D053614:Janus Kinase 2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D052638:Particulate Matter / Q000633:toxicity*; D051381:Rats; D050796:STAT3 Transcription Factor / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D052638:Particulate Matter; D050796:STAT3 Transcription Factor; C494088:Stat3 protein, rat; C507927:Jak2 protein, rat; D053614:Janus Kinase 2
keywords: Astrocyte; JAK2/STAT3; MAPK; PM