title: Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of Origanum libanoticum, Origanum ehrenbergii, and Origanum syriacum Growing Wild in Lebanon.
abstract: The essential oils (EOs) of the aerial parts of Origanum libanoticum and Origanum ehrenbergii, endemic to Lebanon, and Origanum syriacum, endemic to the Levantine, were obtained by distillation with a Clevenger apparatus. GC and GC/MS allowed identification of 96.4%, 93.5%, and 95.2% of their constituents, respectively. Carvacrol was the major component of both O. syriacum EO (79%) and O. ehrenbergii EO (60.8%). This compound was absent in O. libanoticum EO and the major compounds were β-caryophyllene (26.8%), caryophyllene oxide (22.6%), and germacrene D (17.2%). The assessment of their antimicrobial activity against Candida albicans and six pathogenic bacteria revealed that O. libanoticum EO was inactive, while O. syriacum and O. ehrenbergii showed moderate antimicrobial activity with minimal inhibitory concentrations varying from 400 to 1200 μg/ml. These results support the traditional use of these last two species in traditional herbal preparations in Lebanon.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Agricultural and Food sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, B.P. 446, Jounieh, Lebanon.|Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin INRA, AgroParisTech, RD 10, Route de Saint-Cyr, FR-78026 Versailles.
authors.forename: Monay
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Al Hafi
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Agricultural and Food sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, B.P. 446, Jounieh, Lebanon. marcelbeyrouthy@usek.edu.lb.
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: El Beyrouthy
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Agricultural and Food sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, B.P. 446, Jounieh, Lebanon.
authors.forename: Naim
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ouaini
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Biodiversité et Biotechnologies Microbiennes (LBBM), Observatoire Océanologique, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, FR-66650, Banyuls-sur-mer.
authors.forename: Didier
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Stien
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Chimie Analytique, AgroParisTech, UMR INRA/AgroParisTech "GENIAL Ingénierie Procédés Aliments", FR-75005, Paris.
authors.forename: Douglas
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rutledge
authors.affiliation: Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin INRA, AgroParisTech, RD 10, Route de Saint-Cyr, FR-78026 Versailles.
authors.forename: Sylvain
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chaillou
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001419:Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects*; D002849:Chromatography, Gas; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D007861:Lebanon; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D009822:Oils, Volatile / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D031341:Origanum / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000254:growth & development; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D009822:Oils, Volatile
keywords: Antimicrobial activity; Chemical composition; Essential oils; Origanum