title: Pain in rheumatoid arthritis: models and mechanisms.
abstract: Pain is one of the most challenging symptoms for patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). RA-related pain is frequently considered to be solely a consequence of inflammation in the joints; however, recent studies show that multiple mechanisms are involved. Indeed, RA pain may start even before the disease manifests, and frequently does not correlate with the degree of inflammation or pharmacological management. In this aspect, animal studies have the potential to provide new insights into the pathology that initiate and maintain pain in RA. The focus of this review is to describe the most commonly used animal models for studies of RA pathology, which have also been utilized in pain research, and to summarize findings providing potential clues to the mechanisms involved in the regulation of RA-induced pain.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden.
authors.forename: Duygu B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Bas
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden.
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Su
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden.
authors.forename: Gustaf
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wigerblad
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden.
authors.forename: Camilla I
authors.initials: CI
authors.lastname: Svensson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000150:complications*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006801:Humans; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism; D010146:Pain / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D018836:Inflammation Mediators
keywords: TLR4; cytokines; glia cells; inflammation; nerve injury markers; neuropeptides; pain; prostaglandins; rheumatoid arthritis