title: Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and the Gut Microbiome.
abstract: Recent progress has allowed a more comprehensive study of the gut microbiota. Gut microbiota helps in health maintenance and gut dysbiosis associates with chronic metabolic diseases. Modulation of short-chain fatty acids and choline bioavailability, lipoprotein lipase induction, alteration of bile acid profile, endogenous alcohol production, or liver inflammation secondary to endotoxemia result from gut dysbiosis. Modulation of the gut microbiota by pre/probiotics gives promising results in animal, but needs to be evaluated in human before use in clinical practice. Gut microbiota adds complexity to the pathophysiology of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease but represents an opportunity to discover new therapeutic targets.
authors.affiliation: Hepato-Gastroenterology Department, University Hospital, 4 Larrey street, 49933 Angers Cedex 09, France; HIFIH Laboratory, UPRES 3859, SFR 4208, LUNAM University, Angers, France. Electronic address: JeBoursier@chu-angers.fr.
authors.forename: Jerome
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Boursier
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, 595 LaSalle Street, Snyderman Building, Suite 1073, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
authors.forename: Anna Mae
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Diehl
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000382:microbiology*; D000069196:Gastrointestinal Microbiome / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008103:Liver Cirrhosis / Q000382:microbiology; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000382:microbiology*; D065626:Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index
keywords: Fatty liver; Fibrosis; Gut microbiota; Hepatocellular carcinoma; Liver cirrhosis; Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; Steatohepatitis