title: Evidencing the association between swimming capacities and performance indicators in water polo: a multiple regression study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Swimming capacities are hypothesized to be important determinants of water polo performance but there is an evident lack of studies examining different swimming capacities in relation to specific offensive and defensive performance variables in this sport. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between five swimming capacities and six performance determinants in water polo.
  
  
  METHODS
  The sample comprised 79 high-level youth water polo players (all males, 17-18 years of age). The variables included six performance-related variables (agility in offence and defense, efficacy in offence and defense, polyvalence in offence and defense), and five swimming-capacity tests (water polo sprint test [15 m], swimming sprint test [25 m], short-distance [100 m], aerobic endurance [400 m] and an anaerobic lactate endurance test [4× 50 m]). First, multiple regressions were calculated for one-half of the sample of subjects which were then validated with the remaining half of the sample. The 25-m swim was not included in the regression analyses due to the multicollinearity with other predictors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The originally calculated regression models were validated for defensive agility (R=0.67 and R=0.55 for the original regression calculation and validation subsample, respectively) offensive agility (R=0.59 and R=0.61), and offensive efficacy (R=0.64 and R=0.58). Anaerobic lactate endurance is a significant predictor of offensive and defensive agility, while 15 m sprint significantly contributes to offensive efficacy. Swimming capacities are not found to be related to the polyvalence of the players.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The most superior offensive performance can be expected from those players with a high level of anaerobic lactate endurance and advanced sprinting capacity, while anaerobic lactate endurance is recognized as most important quality in defensive duties. Future studies should observe players' polyvalence in relation to (theoretical) knowledge of technical and tactical tasks. Results reinforce the need for the cross-validation of the prediction-models in sport and exercise sciences.
authors.affiliation: University of Dubrovnik, Dubrovnik, Croatia.|Water Polo Australia, National Governing Body for the Sport of Water Polo in Australia, Sydney Markets, Sydney, Australia.
authors.forename: Dean
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kontic
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Split, Split, Croatia.
authors.forename: Natasa
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Zenic
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Split, Split, Croatia.
authors.forename: Ognjen
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Uljevic
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Split, Split, Croatia - dado@kifst.hr.
authors.forename: Damir
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sekulic
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Sport, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
authors.forename: Blaz
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lesnik
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D054874:Athletic Performance / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D012044:Regression Analysis; D013550:Swimming / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D019344:Lactic Acid