title: [Algal biotoxins in Dialysis Water: a risk not managed].
abstract: A literature review was performed to retrieve updated information on the quality of dialysis water, with a focus on the emerging problem of the presence of algal toxins (microcystins) produced by cyanobacteria. Current legislation was examined as well as studies conducted to date in different geographic areas. In this article, the authors present review results along with recommendations to operators and managers of dialysis units, for preventing possible risks for patients.
authors.affiliation: LIAA, Laboratorio di Igiene Ambientale e Degli Alimenti, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, Chirurgiche e Tecnologie Avanzate "G.F. Ingrassia", Università di Catania, Italia.
authors.forename: Margherita
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ferrante
authors.affiliation: LIAA, Laboratorio di Igiene Ambientale e Degli Alimenti, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, Chirurgiche e Tecnologie Avanzate "G.F. Ingrassia", Università di Catania, Italia.
authors.forename: Pietro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Zuccarello
authors.affiliation: LIAA, Laboratorio di Igiene Ambientale e Degli Alimenti, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, Chirurgiche e Tecnologie Avanzate "G.F. Ingrassia", Università di Catania, Italia.
authors.forename: Angela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Garufi
authors.affiliation: LIAA, Laboratorio di Igiene Ambientale e Degli Alimenti, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, Chirurgiche e Tecnologie Avanzate "G.F. Ingrassia", Università di Catania, Italia.
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cristaldi
authors.affiliation: LIAA, Laboratorio di Igiene Ambientale e Degli Alimenti, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, Chirurgiche e Tecnologie Avanzate "G.F. Ingrassia", Università di Catania, Italia.
authors.forename: Gea
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Oliveri Conti
mesh_terms: D002273:Carcinogens / Q000633:toxicity; D000458:Cyanobacteria; D005618:Fresh Water; D006801:Humans; D046931:Microcystis / Q000737:chemistry; D011634:Public Health; D006435:Renal Dialysis; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D002273:Carcinogens