title: Comparison of different speech tasks among adults who stutter and adults who do not stutter.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In this study, we compared the performance of both fluent speakers and people who stutter in three different speaking situations: monologue speech, oral reading and choral reading. This study follows the assumption that the neuromotor control of speech can be influenced by external auditory stimuli in both speakers who stutter and speakers who do not stutter.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventeen adults who stutter and seventeen adults who do not stutter were assessed in three speaking tasks: monologue, oral reading (solo reading aloud) and choral reading (reading in unison with the evaluator). Speech fluency and rate were measured for each task.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The participants who stuttered had a lower frequency of stuttering during choral reading than during monologue and oral reading.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  According to the dual premotor system model, choral speech enhanced fluency by providing external cues for the timing of each syllable compensating for deficient internal cues.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Fisioterapia, Fonoaudiologia e Terapia Ocupacional, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo/SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ana Paula
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Ritto
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Fisioterapia, Fonoaudiologia e Terapia Ocupacional, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo/SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Julia Biancalana
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Costa
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Fisioterapia, Fonoaudiologia e Terapia Ocupacional, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo/SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Fabiola Staróbole
authors.initials: FS
authors.lastname: Juste
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Fisioterapia, Fonoaudiologia e Terapia Ocupacional, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo/SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Claudia Regina Furquim de
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Andrade
mesh_terms: D000161:Acoustic Stimulation / Q000379:methods; D000328:Adult; D056228:Feedback, Sensory / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011932:Reading; D013060:Speech / Q000502:physiology*; D013068:Speech Production Measurement; D013342:Stuttering / Q000145:classification / Q000503:physiopathology*; D055815:Young Adult