title: Development of Porous Beads to Provide Regulated BMP-2 Stimulation for Varying Durations: In Vitro and In Vivo Studies for Bone Regeneration.
abstract: It is commonly accepted that the sustained release of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) can enhance bone regeneration and minimize its safety issues. However, little is known regarding the appropriate duration of BMP-2 stimulation for sufficient osteogenic differentiation and new bone formation because of the short half-life of BMP-2 in the physiological environment and the lack of a well-defined delivery matrix that can regulate the release period of BMP-2. In this study, we prepared porous poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) beads with different surface pore sizes that can regulate the release period of BMP-2 (i.e., 7, 17, and 30 days) while providing the BMP-2 concentration required for bone regeneration. Our findings in both in vitro cell culture and in vivo animal studies using these BMP-2-loaded beads demonstrate that release of BMP-2 within 7 days affects only the initial differentiation of human periosteum-derived cells (hPDCs) and does not significantly enhance their subsequent differentiation into mature functional cells. However, extending the duration of BMP-2 stimulation over 17 days can provide a suitable environment for osteogenic differentiation of hPDCs and new bone formation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nanobiomedical Science, Dankook University , Cheonan 330-714, Korea.
authors.forename: Ho Yong
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Advanced Materials, Hannam University , Daejeon 305-811, Korea.
authors.forename: Jin Ho
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine and Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University , Jinju 660-702, Korea.
authors.forename: Jeong-Won
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Yun
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine and Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University , Jinju 660-702, Korea.
authors.forename: Jin-Ho
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine and Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University , Jinju 660-702, Korea.
authors.forename: Bong-Wook
authors.initials: BW
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University , Jinju 660-701, Korea.
authors.forename: Gyu-Jin
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Rho
authors.affiliation: Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University , Jinju 660-701, Korea.
authors.forename: Si-Jung
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Jang
authors.affiliation: Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University , Jinju 660-701, Korea.
authors.forename: Ji-Sung
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Medical Imaging, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University , Jinju 660-701, Korea.
authors.forename: Hee-Chun
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Medical Imaging, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University , Jinju 660-701, Korea.
authors.forename: Young Min
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Yoon
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Medical Imaging, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University , Jinju 660-701, Korea.
authors.forename: Tae Sung
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University , Jinju 660-702, Korea.
authors.forename: Dong Hoon
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine and Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University , Jinju 660-702, Korea.
authors.forename: June-Ho
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Byun
authors.affiliation: Department of Nanobiomedical Science, Dankook University , Cheonan 330-714, Korea.
authors.forename: Se Heang
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Oh
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D001861:Bone Regeneration / Q000502:physiology*; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D006207:Half-Life; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000737:chemistry*; D010521:Periosteum / Q000166:cytology*; D011100:Polyglycolic Acid / Q000737:chemistry*; D000077182:Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer; D016062:Porosity; D013552:Swine; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: C525718:BMP2 protein, human; D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2; D000077182:Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer; D011100:Polyglycolic Acid; D019344:Lactic Acid