title: Structural characterization and antiviral activity of a novel heteropolysaccharide isolated from Grifola frondosa against enterovirus 71.
abstract: A novel heteropolysaccharide from Grifola frondosa mycelia was extracted and purified using DEAE Sephadex A-50 and Sephadex G-200 chromatography. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance ((1)H NMR and (13)C NMR) spectroscopy were used to decipher the structure of the purified G. frondosa polysaccharide (GFP1). Chemical and spectral analysis revealed that GFP1, with an average molecular weight of 40.5kDa, possessed a 1,6-β-d-glucan backbone with a single 1,3-α-d-fucopyranosyl side-branching unit. Enterovirus 71 (EV71) is the causative pathogen of hand-foot-and-mouth disease. GFP1 was tested for its anti-EV71 activity in cultured cells, which showed that EV71 viral replication was blocked and viral VP1 protein expression and genomic RNA synthesis were suppressed. Moreover, GFP1 exhibited apoptotic and other activities by suppressing the EV71-induced caspase-3 cleavage and IκBα down regulation. Our results demonstrate that the novel G. frondosa polysaccharide has antiviral activity, which could be valuable as a potentially new anti-EV71 therapeutic compound.
authors.affiliation: College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
authors.forename: Chao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Medical School and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China; Nanjing Children's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China.
authors.forename: Luying
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: Medical School and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China; Nanjing Children's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China.
authors.forename: Chunyang
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Medical School and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China; Nanjing Children's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China. Electronic address: jinyu@nju.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.affiliation: Medical School and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China; Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA. Electronic address: zxing@umn.edu.
authors.forename: Zheng
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Xing
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D002522:Chlorocebus aethiops; D029821:Enterovirus A, Human / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D062610:Fungal Polysaccharides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D023281:Genomics; D048691:Grifola / Q000737:chemistry*; D009005:Monosaccharides / Q000032:analysis; D012995:Solubility; D014709:Vero Cells; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D014779:Virus Replication / Q000187:drug effects; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000998:Antiviral Agents; D062610:Fungal Polysaccharides; D009005:Monosaccharides; D014764:Viral Proteins; D014867:Water
keywords: Antiviral; Chemical properties; Enterovirus 71; Grifola frondosa polysaccharide; Viral replication