title: A Co-operative Inquiry Into Generating, Describing, and Transforming Knowledge About De-escalation Practices in Mental Health Settings.
abstract: De-escalation is concerned with managing violent behaviour without resorting to coercive measures. Co-operative Inquiry provided the conceptual basis for generating knowledge regarding de-escalation practices in acute mental health care settings. The research included service users and staff members as co-researchers and knowledge was generated in dynamic research cycles around an extended epistemology of knowing: experiential, presentational, propositional, and practical. Through this process, co-researchers became de-escalation learners, implementing de-escalation practices while transforming violence management. Neighbouring mental health communities' involvement strengthened the transformation process and assisted in validating the research results.
authors.affiliation: a Psychiatric Research Unit, Region Zealand, Slagelse, Denmark; University of Southern Denmark , Department of Public Health , Odense , Denmark.
authors.forename: Lene Lauge
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Berring
authors.affiliation: b Buskerud and Vestfold University College , Drammen , Norway.
authors.forename: Jan Kåre
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Hummelvoll
authors.affiliation: c Psychiatric Research Unit, Region Zealand, Slagelse, Denmark; University of Copenhagen , Department of Psychology , Copenhagen , Denmark.
authors.forename: Liselotte
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Pedersen
authors.affiliation: d University of Sydney and St. Vincent Private Hospital Sydney, Faculty of Nursing , Sydney , Australia.
authors.forename: Niels
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Buus
mesh_terms: D000374:Aggression / Q000523:psychology*; D002983:Clinical Competence; D006801:Humans; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000451:nursing / Q000523:psychology*; D011568:Psychiatric Nursing / Q000193:education*; D014754:Violence / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000523:psychology