title: The Infant Behavior Questionnaire-Revised: Factor structure in a culturally and sociodemographically diverse sample in the United States.
abstract: The recommended factor structure for the Infant Behavior Questionnaire-Revised (IBQ-R), a widely used parent-report measure of infant temperament, has limited empirical support. Moreover, the recommended factors were developed using homogenous samples not representative of current United States (U.S.) sociodemographics. The objective of this study was to examine the factor structure of the IBQ-R in a culturally and sociodemographically diverse U.S. cohort (N=380 mother-infant dyads). Mothers were assessed during pregnancy on a range of cultural and sociodemographic characteristics and completed the IBQ-R when their infants were 6 months of age. The sample was diverse on maternal marital status, educational attainment, household income, race/ethnicity, primary language spoken, and country of birth. Initial confirmatory factor analysis for the recommended three-factor model yielded a poor fit. Modifications employed in other studies failed to improve model fit. An exploratory factor analysis revealed an acceptable model fit for a three-factor solution that showed similarities to as well as differences from the originally proposed factor structure. Additional analyses suggested lack of invariance on several factor and scale scores by maternal country of birth, race/ethnicity, and household income. The findings suggest that the commonly used IBQ-R factor structure may need to be adjusted for diverse samples and deserves further study.
authors.affiliation: Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, United States. Electronic address: michelle.bosquet@childrens.harvard.edu.
authors.forename: Michelle
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bosquet Enlow
authors.affiliation: Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, United States.
authors.forename: Matthew T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: White
authors.affiliation: Boston Children's Hospital, United States.
authors.forename: Katherine
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hails
authors.affiliation: Boston Children's Hospital, United States.
authors.forename: Ivan
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Cabrera
authors.affiliation: Kravis Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics and Mindich Child Health & Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, United States.
authors.forename: Rosalind J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Wright
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003710:Demography; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D018730:Infant Behavior / Q000523:psychology*; D008297:Male; D009035:Mothers; D011247:Pregnancy; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000379:methods*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires / Q000592:standards*; D013694:Temperament; D014481:United States
keywords: Cultural differences; Factor analysis; Factor structure; Infant Behavior Questionnaire-Revised (IBQ-R); Sociodemographic diversity; Temperament