title: Proanthocyanidins, Isolated from Choerospondias axillaris Fruit Peels, Exhibit Potent Antioxidant Activities in Vitro and a Novel Anti-angiogenic Property in Vitro and in Vivo.
abstract: The production of new blood vessels (angiogenesis) is an important stage in the growth and spread of cancerous tumors. Anti-angiogenesis is one strategy for controlling tumor progression. This study evaluated the antioxidant and anti-angiogenic activities of a proanthocyanidins (PAs) extract from Choerospondias axillaris peels. HPLC-MS analysis revealed that numerous oligomeric forms of the PAs were detected in the PAs extract, including dimers, trimers, tetramers, and flavan-3-ol monomers. The PAs extract possessed appreciable free radical scavenging activity (IC50/DPPH = 164 ± 7 μg/mL, IC50/ABTS = 154 ± 6 μg/mL), potent reducing power (0.930 ± 0.030 g AAE/g), and strong cellular antioxidant activity (EC50 = 10.2 ± 1.4 and 38.9 ± 2.1 μg/mL without or with PBS-wash, respectively). It could also retard various stages of angiogenesis, such as the migration of endothelial cells and the creation of tubes, without causing toxicity to the cells. With regard to intracellular signal transduction, the PAs extract attenuated the phosphorylation of Akt, ERK, and p38MAPK dose-dependently in endothelial cells from human umbilical veins. In transgenic zebrafish embryo, new blood vessel formation was suppressed by PAs extract in a concentration-dependent manner at 72 h post fertilization. Thus, these results suggest that PAs from C. axillaris peels could be a good source of natural inhibitors to target angiogenesis.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University , Nanchang 330047, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Qian
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University , Nanchang 330047, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xieyi
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University , Nanchang 330047, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Taotao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Dai
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University , Nanchang 330047, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Chengmei
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University , Nanchang 330047, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Ti
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts , Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States.
authors.forename: David Julian
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: McClements
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University , Nanchang 330047, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Jiangxi Qiyunshan Food Company, Ltd. , Ganzhou 341000, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Jiyan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D027926:Anacardiaceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018938:Caco-2 Cells; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry; D061307:Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D018919:Neovascularization, Physiologic / Q000187:drug effects; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D044945:Proanthocyanidins / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000378:metabolism; D015027:Zebrafish
chemical_list: D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors; D000975:Antioxidants; D010936:Plant Extracts; D044945:Proanthocyanidins; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A
keywords: Choerospondias axillaris; anti-angiogenesis; antioxidant; byproduct; proanthocyanidins