title: Stress Distribution Evaluation of the Periodontal Ligament in the Maxillary Canine for Retraction by Different Alveolar Corticotomy Techniques: A Three-dimensional Finite Element Analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  By using the finite element method (FEM), this study aimed to evaluate the effect of different corticotomy formats on the distribution and magnitude of stress on the periodontal ligament (PDL) during retraction of the maxillary canine.
  
  
  METHODS
  A geometric model of the left hemi-jaw was created from computed tomography scan images of a dry human skull and loads were administered during distalization movement of the canine. Three trials were performed: (1) without corticotomy, (2) box-shaped corticotomy and perforations in the cortical bone of the canine (CVC) and (3) CVC and circular-shaped corticotomy in the cortical bone of the edentulous space of the first premolar.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no difference in stress distribution among the different corticotomy formats.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Different corticotomy formats used to accelerate orthodontic tooth movement did not affect stress distribution in the PDL during canine retraction.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  From a mechanical perspective, the present study showed that the stress distribution on the PDL during canine retraction was similar in all the corticotomy formats. When using the Andrews T2 bracket, the PDL presented the highest levels of stress in the middle third of the PDL, suggesting that the force was near the center of resistance. Also, as bone weakening by corticotomies did not influence stress distribution, the surgical procedure could be simplified to a less aggressive one, focusing more on inflammatory cellular stimulation than on bone resistance. A simpler surgical act could also be performed by most orthodontists in their practices, enhancing postoperative response and reducing patient costs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, Pontificia Universidade Catolica do Parana, School of Health and BiosciencesCuritiba, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ariel Adriano Reyes
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Pacheco
authors.affiliation: Residency in Orthodontics. Pontificia Universidade Catolica do Parana, School of Health and Biosciences Curitiba, Brazil.
authors.forename: Armando Yukio
authors.initials: AY
authors.lastname: Saga
authors.affiliation: Graduate Program in Mechanical Engineering. Pontificia Universidade Catolica do Parana School of Health and Biosciences, Curitiba, Brazil.
authors.forename: Key Fonseca
authors.initials: KF
authors.lastname: de Lima
authors.affiliation: Mechanical Engineering Undergraduate Student. Pontificia Universidade Catolica do Parana, School of Health and Biosciences, Curitiba, Brazil.
authors.forename: Victor Nissen
authors.initials: VN
authors.lastname: Paese
authors.affiliation: Full Professor Department of Orthodontics, Graduate Program in Orthodontics, Pontificia Universidade Catolica do Parana, School of Health and Biosciences Curitiba, Brazil. Postdoctoral Fellow at The Center for Advanced Dental Education at Saint Louis University, MO, Parana, Brazil, CEP: 80215-901, Phone: 554132711637, e-mail: tanakaom@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Orlando M
authors.initials: OM
authors.lastname: Tanaka
mesh_terms: D003481:Cuspid; D020342:Finite Element Analysis; D006801:Humans; D008437:Maxilla; D008953:Models, Anatomic; D010513:Periodontal Ligament; D014087:Tooth Movement Techniques
keywords: Corticotomy; Finite element analysis; Paese VN; Periodontal ligament; Saga AY; Tanaka OM. Stress Distribution Evaluation of the Periodontal Ligament in the Maxillary Canine for Retraction by Different Alveolar Corticotomy Techniques: A Three-dimensional Finite Element Analysis. J Contemp Dent Pract 2016;17(1):32-37. Source of suppor; Tooth movement. How to cite this article: Pacheco AAR; de Lima KF