title: Analysis of the pharmacokinetics and metabolism of aloe-emodin following intravenous and oral administrations in rats.
abstract: Aloe-emodin, a natural polyphenolic anthraquinone, has shown various beneficial bioactivities in vitro. The aim of this study was to investigate the pharmacokinetics and metabolism of aloe-emodin. Aloe-emodin was intravenously and orally administered to rats. The concentrations of aloe-emodin and rhein, a metabolite of aloe-emodin, were determined by HPLC method prior to and after hydrolysis with β-glucuronidase and sulfatase/β-glucuronidase. The results showed that the systemic exposures of aloe-emodin and its metabolites were ranked as aloe-emodin glucuronides (G) > rhein sulfates (S) > aloe-emodin > rhein and rhein G when aloe-emodin was given intravenously. In contrast, when aloe-emodin was administered orally, the parent form of aloe-emodin was not absorbed per se, and the systemic exposures of its metabolites were ranked as aloe-emodin G > rhein G > rhein. In conclusion, the metabolites of aloe-emodin are more important than the parent form for the bioactivities in vivo. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
authors.affiliation: School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan, Republic of China.
authors.forename: Chung-Ping
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan, Republic of China.
authors.forename: Chi-Sheng
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Shia
authors.affiliation: School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan, Republic of China.|Department of Ophthalmology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 404, Taiwan, Republic of China.
authors.forename: Hui-Ju
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan, Republic of China.|Department of Pharmacy, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 404, Taiwan, Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yow-Wen
authors.initials: YW
authors.lastname: Hsieh
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan, Republic of China.
authors.forename: Shiuan-Pey
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan, Republic of China.|Department of Pharmacy, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 404, Taiwan, Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yu-Chi
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Hou
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D000880:Anthraquinones / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D051381:Rats
chemical_list: D000880:Anthraquinones; C518327:aloe emodin; C020491:rhein
keywords: LC/MS/MS; aloe-emodin; metabolism; pharmacokinetics; rhein