title: Contrast induced nephropathy among patients with normal renal function undergoing coronary angiography.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although contrast induced nephropathy (CIN) is a well-known complication of radiocontrast media administration among patients with underlying renal insufficiency, however the data about CIN among patients with normal renal function are few and it seems that CIN often remained under-diagnosed among these patients.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of present study was evaluation of CIN in diabetic and nondiabetic patients with normal renal function undergoing coronary angiography.
  
  
  METHODS
  This cross-sectional and prospective study has conducted on patients with normal renal function candidate for diagnostic coronary angiography at Imam hospital, Ahvaz, Iran from October 2010 to February 2011. CIN defined as an increase in serum creatinine (sCr) >0.5 mg/dL after two days of contrast administration. A standardized questionnaire was used to collect demographics, clinical and laboratory data.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 254 patients (140 males and 114 Females with mean age of 56.6 ± 11.9 years) were included in the study. Of them, 60 patients (23.6%) had congestive heart failure (CHF) and 57 patients (22.4%) had diabetes mellitus (DM). The mean sCr levels before contrast administration in men and women were 1.05 ± 0.22 and 0.93 ± 0.17 mg/dL respectively. In overall CIN occurred in 27 patients (10.6%) with no difference between males and females (P = 0.386) and in patients with or without CHF (P = 0.766). There was a significant association between CIN and DM (P = 0.001) and mean volume of contrast administration (P = 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although CIN is a common problem in patients with diabetic nephropathy undergoing coronary angiography, diabetic patients without diabetic nephropathy and also patients without DM who had normal renal function are also at risk of contrast nephropathy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
authors.forename: Ahmadreza
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Assareh
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
authors.forename: Saeed
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yazdankhah
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
authors.forename: Shahla
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Majidi
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
authors.forename: Nasim
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nasehi
authors.affiliation: Chronic Renal Failure Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
authors.forename: Seyed Seifollah
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Beladi Mousavi
keywords: Contrast nephropathy; Coronary angiography; Diabetes mellitus