title: N-acetyltransferase 2 polymorphism and breast cancer risk with smoking: a case control study in Japanese women.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Recent studies have suggested that the association between smoking and breast cancer risk might be modified by polymorphisms in the N-acetyltransferase 2 gene (NAT2). Most of these studies were conducted in Western countries, with few reports from East Asia.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a case-control study of 511 breast cancer cases and 527 unmatched healthy controls from December 2010 to November 2011 in Japan. Unconditional logistic regression was used to analyze the association of smoking with breast cancer risk stratified by NAT2 phenotype.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In this population, 11 % of the cases and 10 % of the controls were classified as a slow acetylator phenotype. Compared to never smokers, current smokers had an increased breast cancer risk in multivariate analysis [odds ratio (OR) = 2.27, 95 % confidence interval (95 %CI) = 1.38-3.82]. Subgroup analyses of menopausal status indicated the same tendency. Subgroup analyses of NAT2 phenotype, the ORs in both of rapid and slow acetylator phenotype subgroups were comparable, and no interactions were observed between smoking status and NAT2 phenotype (p = 0.97). A dose-dependent effect of smoking on breast cancer risk was seen for the rapid acetylator phenotype, but not for the slow acetylator phenotype.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Given the high frequency of the rapid acetylator phenotype, these results show that smoking is a risk factor for breast cancer among most Japanese women. It may be of little significance to identify the NAT2 phenotype in the Japanese population.
authors.affiliation: Department of General Thoracic Surgery and Breast and Endocrinological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama-city, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan.|Department of Breast and Endocrinological Surgery, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan.
authors.forename: Akio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hara
authors.affiliation: Department of General Thoracic Surgery and Breast and Endocrinological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama-city, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan. ntaira@md.okayama-u.ac.jp.|Department of Breast and Endocrinological Surgery, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan. ntaira@md.okayama-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Naruto
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Taira
authors.affiliation: Department of General Thoracic Surgery and Breast and Endocrinological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama-city, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan.|Department of Breast and Endocrinological Surgery, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan.
authors.forename: Taeko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mizoo
authors.affiliation: Department of General Thoracic Surgery and Breast and Endocrinological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama-city, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan.|Department of Breast and Endocrinological Surgery, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan.
authors.forename: Keiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nishiyama
authors.affiliation: Department of General Thoracic Surgery and Breast and Endocrinological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama-city, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan.|Department of Breast and Endocrinological Surgery, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan.
authors.forename: Tomohiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nogami
authors.affiliation: Department of Breast and Endocrinological Surgery, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan.
authors.forename: Takayuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Iwamoto
authors.affiliation: Department of Breast and Endocrinological Surgery, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan.
authors.forename: Takayuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Motoki
authors.affiliation: Department of General Thoracic Surgery and Breast and Endocrinological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama-city, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan.|Department of Breast and Endocrinological Surgery, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan.
authors.forename: Tadahiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shien
authors.affiliation: Department of Breast and Endocrinological Surgery, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan.
authors.forename: Junji
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Matsuoka
authors.affiliation: Department of General Thoracic Surgery and Breast and Endocrinological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama-city, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan.|Department of Breast and Endocrinological Surgery, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroyoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Doihara
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Okayama Saiseikai General Hospital, Okayama, Japan.
authors.forename: Setsuko
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ishihara
authors.affiliation: Department of Breast Surgery, Okayama Rousai Hospital, Okayama, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kawai
authors.affiliation: Department of Breast and Endocrinological Surgery, Kagawa Prefectural Central Hospital, Takamatsu, Japan.
authors.forename: Kensuke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kawasaki
authors.affiliation: Department of Breast Surgery, Mizushima Kyodo Hospital, Okayama, Japan.
authors.forename: Youichi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ishibe
authors.affiliation: Department of Breast and Endocrinological Surgery, Kagawa Prefectural Central Hospital, Takamatsu, Japan.
authors.forename: Yutaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ogasawara
authors.affiliation: Department of General Thoracic Surgery and Breast and Endocrinological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama-city, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan.
authors.forename: Shinichiro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Miyoshi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001191:Arylamine N-Acetyltransferase / Q000235:genetics*; D044466:Asian People / Q000235:genetics; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D001191:Arylamine N-Acetyltransferase; C478900:NAT2 protein, human
keywords: Breast cancer; Japanese; NAT2; Single nucleotide polymorphism; Smoking