title: Mode of Proximal Tubule Damage: Differential Cause for the Release of TFF3?
abstract: Proximal tubular epithelial cells are particularly sensitive to damage. In search of a biomarker, this study evaluated the potential of different cell activation models (hypoxia/replenishment and protein overload) to lead to a release of trefoil factor 3 (TFF3). Surprisingly, we found disparity in the ability of the different stimuli to enhance the intracellular abundance of TFF3 and its release: while conditions of nutrient starvation and damage associated with replenishment lead to intracellular abundance of TFF3 in the absence of TFF3 release, stimulation with an excess amount of albumin did not yield accumulation of TFF3. By contrast, incubation of cells with a purified λ light chain preparation from a patient with multiple myeloma provoked the presence of TFF3 in the cell supernatant. We, therefore, propose that elevations of TFF3 in renal disease might be more revelatory for the cause of restitution than previously thought.
authors.affiliation: Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medicine, Biological Sciences and Psychology, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK; Kufa College of Medicine, Najaf, Iraq.
authors.forename: Zinah
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zwaini
authors.affiliation: Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medicine, Biological Sciences and Psychology, University of Leicester , Leicester , UK.
authors.forename: Dalia
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Alammari
authors.affiliation: Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medicine, Biological Sciences and Psychology, University of Leicester , Leicester , UK.
authors.forename: Simon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Byrne
authors.affiliation: Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medicine, Biological Sciences and Psychology, University of Leicester , Leicester , UK.
authors.forename: Cordula
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Stover
keywords: hypoxia; nutrient starvation; protein-induced damage; renal; trefoil factor 3