title: [In vitro study of biological characteristics of new retrograde filling materials iRoot].
abstract: To study the biological characteristics of new retrograde filling materials iRoot BP plus and iRoot FS.
  
  
  
  (1) The roots were cut into 3 mm in length, and the root canals were prepared to 1 mm in diameter, followed by being filled with iRoot BP plus, iRoot FS, or mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA). The specimens were immersed in simulated body fluid (SBF). The ability of mineralization in vitro was detected through three studies. First, the mineralization of specimens was analyzed through scanning electron microscope observations and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer. Then, the pH of SBF was monitored using pH meter. (2) The extracts were gained by immersing blocks of iRoot BP plus, iRoot FS, and MTA (8 mm diameter and 2 mm height) into dulbecco's modified eagle medium (DMEM). The effects of the extracts on proliferation of MG63 cells were detected through MTT assay. The gene expression level of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) was analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR, and the expression of ALP activity was observed by ALP activity staining.
  
  
  
  (1) The formation of minerals could be observed on the surfaces of iRoot BP plus, iRoot FS, and MTA at the end of 24 h, and there were more amounts of apatite aggregated after 14 days. The values of Ca/P ratios of apatites were 1.43, 1.39, and 1.51, respectively. (2) The pH of SBF could be raised to 8.09±0.07, 7.91±0.06, and 8.11±0.06, respectively, significantly higher than the blank. (3) The extracts of iRoot BP plus, iRoot FS, and MTA of dilutions of 1:5 and 1:10 presented no effect of proliferation of MG63 cells. (4) iRoot BP plus and iRoot FS could significantly up-regulated the levels of ALP messenger RNA expression, while there was no obvious difference in ALP staining among the iRoot BP plus, iRoot FS, MTA, and the blank.
  
  
  
  The present study shows that iRoot has displayed good mineralization capability in vitro and capability to promote differentiation and mineralization of MG63 cells, inferring that iRoot may have good bioactivity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cariology and Endodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Qiao
authors.affiliation: Department of Cariology and Endodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China.
authors.forename: Y M
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.affiliation: Department of Cariology and Endodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China.
authors.forename: X J
authors.initials: XJ
authors.lastname: Gao
mesh_terms: D017607:Aluminum Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D017610:Calcium Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects*; D002460:Cell Line; D004338:Drug Combinations; D006801:Humans; D010087:Oxides / Q000737:chemistry; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials / Q000737:chemistry*; D017640:Silicates / Q000737:chemistry; D014089:Tooth Remineralization; D014092:Tooth Root / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D017607:Aluminum Compounds; D017610:Calcium Compounds; D004338:Drug Combinations; D010087:Oxides; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials; D017640:Silicates; C000600177:iRoot BP Plus; C086631:mineral trioxide aggregate