title: Comparison of liposomal and 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin-lidocaine on cell viability and inflammatory response in human keratinocytes and gingival fibroblasts.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to observe the effect multilamellar liposomes (MLV) and 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) in the in-vitro effects of lidocaine in cell viability, pro-inflammatory cytokines and prostaglandin E2 release of both human keratinocytes (HaCaT) and gingival fibroblasts (HGF) cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  HaCaT and HGF cells were exposed to lidocaine 100-1 μm in plain, MLV and HP-β-CD formulations for 6 h or 24 h. The formulation effects in cell viability were measured by XTT assay and by fluorescent labelling. Cytokines (IL-8, IL-6 and TNF-α) and PGE2 release were quantified by ELISA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  MLV and HP-β-CD formulations did not affect the HaCaT viability, which was significantly decreased by plain lidocaine after 24 h of exposure. Both drug carriers increased all cytokines released by HGF after 24-h exposure, and none of the carriers was able to reduce the PGE2 release induced by lidocaine.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The effect of drug carrier in the lidocaine effects was dependent on the cell type, concentration and time of exposure. MLV and HP-β-CD showed benefits in improving cell viability; however, both of them showed a tendency to increase cytokine release when compared to the plain solution.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiological Sciences, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Luiz Eduardo Nunes
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4882-5402
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Ferreira
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiological Sciences, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Bruno Vilela
authors.initials: BV
authors.lastname: Muniz
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiological Sciences, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Cleiton Pita
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Dos Santos
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiological Sciences, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Maria Cristina
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Volpato
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiological Sciences, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Eneida
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: de Paula
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiological Sciences, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Francisco Carlos
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Groppo
mesh_terms: D000073738:2-Hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity; D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D015232:Dinoprostone / Q000378:metabolism; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004339:Drug Compounding; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D005881:Gingiva / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism*; D015603:Keratinocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity; D008055:Lipids / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity; D008081:Liposomes; D013997:Time Factors; D047392:beta-Cyclodextrins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D016207:Cytokines; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D008055:Lipids; D008081:Liposomes; D047392:beta-Cyclodextrins; D000073738:2-Hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin; D008012:Lidocaine; D015232:Dinoprostone
keywords: 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin; cytokines; cytotoxicity; lidocaine; liposomes; prostaglandin E2