title: Targeting clotting proteins in cancer therapy - progress and challenges.
abstract: Cancer-associated thrombosis remains a significant complication in the clinical management of cancer and interactions of the hemostatic system with cancer biology continue to be elucidated. Here, we review recent progress in our understanding of tissue factor (TF) regulation and procoagulant activation, TF signaling in cancer and immune cells, and the expanding roles of the coagulation system in stem cell niches and the tumor microenvironment. The extravascular functions of coagulant and anti-coagulant pathways have significant implications not only for tumor progression, but also for the selection of appropriate target specific anticoagulants in the therapy of cancer patients.
authors.affiliation: Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany; Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA. Electronic address: ruf@uni-mainz.de.
authors.forename: Wolfram
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Ruf
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Andrea S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Rothmeier
authors.affiliation: Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany; 3(rd) Medical Department, University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany.
authors.forename: Claudine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Graf
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001777:Blood Coagulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D058990:Molecular Targeted Therapy; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications* / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D013925:Thromboplastin / Q000378:metabolism*; D013927:Thrombosis / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D059016:Tumor Microenvironment / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants; D013925:Thromboplastin
keywords: Coagulation; Inflammation; Tissue factor; Tumor microenvironment