title: Association of Calcium and Phosphate Balance, Vitamin D, PTH, and Calcitonin in Patients With Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis.
abstract: METHODS
  A cross-sectional study of 2 groups of patients with scoliosis, and an age-matched control group was conducted. Each of the groups such as patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) as well as control group were divided additionally into 2 groups: premenarcheal and postmenarcheal girls.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the study was to determine the levels of 25-OH-vitamin D3, calcium and phosphate, parathyroid hormone (PTH), and calcitonin in serum of pre- and postmenarcheal girls with AIS and corresponding groups of scoliosis-free controls.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  The primary etiology and pathogenesis of AIS remains unknown. It is assumed that vitamin D deficiency and genetic predisposition, for example, polymorphisms of vitamin D receptor, have a great significance. Vitamin D plays a key role in skeletal development and prevents bone atrophy, affects the absorption of calcium, maintains calcium-phosphate homeostasis, and the bone matrix mineralization. Its deficiency can result in a wide variety of skeletal deformities, low bone mass, and then leads to the disappearance of bone. Defects in trabecular bone structure and/or bone mineralization are the main features of scoliosis. Some studies have reported that Vitamin D deficiency is common among patients with AIS. The mechanism of Vitamin D action on scoliosis development is still unclear.
  
  
  METHODS
  Determination of serum 25-OH-D3 levels was performed using high-performance liquid chromatography chromatography; concentrations of calcium and phosphate were measured using colorimetric methods, and concentration of PTH and calcitonin was measured using ELISA system.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Reduction in the serum levels of 25-OH-D3 and calcitonin in girls with AIS compared with healthy girls was demonstrated.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The phosphate-calcium balance and PTH level seem to be normal in patients with AIS. The calcitonin level in girls with AIS is 2-fold lower than in healthy subjects. It is possible that the deficiency of vitamin D can be involved in AIS.
  
  
  METHODS
  4.
authors.affiliation: *Faculty of Health and Medical Science, Andrzej Frycz Modrzewski Krakow University, Krakow, Poland†Department of Analytical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland‡Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland§Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland¶Department of Occupational Therapy, University School of Physical Education, Krakow, Poland||Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Jagiellonian University, University Hospital of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Zakopane, Poland.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Goździalska
authors.forename: Jerzy
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jaśkiewicz
authors.forename: Małgorzata
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Knapik-Czajka
authors.forename: Jagoda
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Drąg
authors.forename: Maciej
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gawlik
authors.forename: Maciej
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cieśla
authors.forename: Aleksandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kulis
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zarzycki
authors.forename: Ewa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lipik
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002116:Calcitonin / Q000097:blood*; D002118:Calcium / Q000097:blood*; D002648:Child; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D010281:Parathyroid Hormone / Q000097:blood*; D010710:Phosphates / Q000097:blood*; D012600:Scoliosis / Q000097:blood* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D010281:Parathyroid Hormone; D010710:Phosphates; D014807:Vitamin D; D002116:Calcitonin; D002118:Calcium