title: Significance of Hematoma Shape and Density in Intracerebral Hemorrhage: The Intensive Blood Pressure Reduction in Acute Intracerebral Hemorrhage Trial Study.
abstract: In patients with acute intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), the shape and density of the hematoma are associated with its subsequent growth, but the impact of these parameters on clinical outcome is uncertain.
  
  
  
  Baseline computed tomographic scans and clinical data were obtained in the Intensive Blood Pressure Reduction in Acute Intracerebral Hemorrhage Trial (INTERACT2). Three independent neurologists blind to clinical data assessed ICH for shape and density using a previously described scale. Shape was defined as irregular when the ICH had ≥2 extra lesions added to the ellipsoid-shaped ICH. Density was heterogeneous when there were ≥3 low-density lesions within the ICH. Outcome measures were death and major disability (modified Rankin scale score of 3-5), combined and separate at 90-day postrandomization. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to determine the significance of hematoma characteristics on outcome.
  
  
  
  There were 2066 patient computed tomographic scans included in the analysis, with 46% and 38% having irregular and heterogeneous ICH, respectively. Irregular shape was independently associated with death/major disability (adjusted odds ratio, 1.60; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.29-1.98) and major disability alone (adjusted odds ratio, 1.60; 95% CI, 1.31-1.95), but not with death alone (adjusted odds ratio, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.68-1.39). Heterogeneous density was not associated with clinical outcomes (adjusted odds ratio, 1.06; 95% CI, 0.85-1.33), 1.04 (95% CI, 0.73-1.48), and 1.14 (95% CI, 0.93-1.39), respectively, for death/major disability, death alone, and disability alone).
  
  
  
  Irregular shape, but not heterogeneous density, is independently associated with poor outcome after ICH.
  
  
  
  URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT00716079.
authors.affiliation: From the Neurology Department, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia (C.D., L.D., C.S.A.); Neurological and Mental Health Division, The George Institute for Global Health, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (H.A., S.S., X.W., J.C., E.H., R.I.L.); Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (S.Z., M.L.); Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (R.A.-S.S.); Division of Clinical Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Département de Neurosciences, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada (C.S.); Department of Cardiovascular Sciences and NIHR Biomedical Research Unit in Cardiovascular Disease, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom (T.R.); Unidad de Neurología vascular, Servicio de Neurología, Departamento de Medicina, Clínica Alemana, Santiago, Chile (P.M.L.); Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile (P.M.L.); and Department of Medicine, Westmead Hospital Clinical School, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia (R.I.L.).
authors.forename: Candice
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Delcourt
authors.affiliation: From the Neurology Department, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia (C.D., L.D., C.S.A.); Neurological and Mental Health Division, The George Institute for Global Health, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (H.A., S.S., X.W., J.C., E.H., R.I.L.); Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (S.Z., M.L.); Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (R.A.-S.S.); Division of Clinical Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Département de Neurosciences, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada (C.S.); Department of Cardiovascular Sciences and NIHR Biomedical Research Unit in Cardiovascular Disease, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom (T.R.); Unidad de Neurología vascular, Servicio de Neurología, Departamento de Medicina, Clínica Alemana, Santiago, Chile (P.M.L.); Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile (P.M.L.); and Department of Medicine, Westmead Hospital Clinical School, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia (R.I.L.).
authors.forename: Shihong
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: From the Neurology Department, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia (C.D., L.D., C.S.A.); Neurological and Mental Health Division, The George Institute for Global Health, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (H.A., S.S., X.W., J.C., E.H., R.I.L.); Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (S.Z., M.L.); Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (R.A.-S.S.); Division of Clinical Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Département de Neurosciences, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada (C.S.); Department of Cardiovascular Sciences and NIHR Biomedical Research Unit in Cardiovascular Disease, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom (T.R.); Unidad de Neurología vascular, Servicio de Neurología, Departamento de Medicina, Clínica Alemana, Santiago, Chile (P.M.L.); Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile (P.M.L.); and Department of Medicine, Westmead Hospital Clinical School, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia (R.I.L.).
authors.forename: Hisatomi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Arima
authors.affiliation: From the Neurology Department, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia (C.D., L.D., C.S.A.); Neurological and Mental Health Division, The George Institute for Global Health, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (H.A., S.S., X.W., J.C., E.H., R.I.L.); Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (S.Z., M.L.); Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (R.A.-S.S.); Division of Clinical Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Département de Neurosciences, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada (C.S.); Department of Cardiovascular Sciences and NIHR Biomedical Research Unit in Cardiovascular Disease, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom (T.R.); Unidad de Neurología vascular, Servicio de Neurología, Departamento de Medicina, Clínica Alemana, Santiago, Chile (P.M.L.); Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile (P.M.L.); and Department of Medicine, Westmead Hospital Clinical School, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia (R.I.L.).
authors.forename: Shoichiro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.affiliation: From the Neurology Department, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia (C.D., L.D., C.S.A.); Neurological and Mental Health Division, The George Institute for Global Health, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (H.A., S.S., X.W., J.C., E.H., R.I.L.); Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (S.Z., M.L.); Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (R.A.-S.S.); Division of Clinical Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Département de Neurosciences, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada (C.S.); Department of Cardiovascular Sciences and NIHR Biomedical Research Unit in Cardiovascular Disease, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom (T.R.); Unidad de Neurología vascular, Servicio de Neurología, Departamento de Medicina, Clínica Alemana, Santiago, Chile (P.M.L.); Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile (P.M.L.); and Department of Medicine, Westmead Hospital Clinical School, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia (R.I.L.).
authors.forename: Rustam
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Al-Shahi Salman
authors.affiliation: From the Neurology Department, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia (C.D., L.D., C.S.A.); Neurological and Mental Health Division, The George Institute for Global Health, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (H.A., S.S., X.W., J.C., E.H., R.I.L.); Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (S.Z., M.L.); Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (R.A.-S.S.); Division of Clinical Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Département de Neurosciences, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada (C.S.); Department of Cardiovascular Sciences and NIHR Biomedical Research Unit in Cardiovascular Disease, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom (T.R.); Unidad de Neurología vascular, Servicio de Neurología, Departamento de Medicina, Clínica Alemana, Santiago, Chile (P.M.L.); Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile (P.M.L.); and Department of Medicine, Westmead Hospital Clinical School, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia (R.I.L.).
authors.forename: Xia
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: From the Neurology Department, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia (C.D., L.D., C.S.A.); Neurological and Mental Health Division, The George Institute for Global Health, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (H.A., S.S., X.W., J.C., E.H., R.I.L.); Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (S.Z., M.L.); Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (R.A.-S.S.); Division of Clinical Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Département de Neurosciences, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada (C.S.); Department of Cardiovascular Sciences and NIHR Biomedical Research Unit in Cardiovascular Disease, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom (T.R.); Unidad de Neurología vascular, Servicio de Neurología, Departamento de Medicina, Clínica Alemana, Santiago, Chile (P.M.L.); Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile (P.M.L.); and Department of Medicine, Westmead Hospital Clinical School, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia (R.I.L.).
authors.forename: Leo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Davies
authors.affiliation: From the Neurology Department, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia (C.D., L.D., C.S.A.); Neurological and Mental Health Division, The George Institute for Global Health, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (H.A., S.S., X.W., J.C., E.H., R.I.L.); Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (S.Z., M.L.); Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (R.A.-S.S.); Division of Clinical Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Département de Neurosciences, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada (C.S.); Department of Cardiovascular Sciences and NIHR Biomedical Research Unit in Cardiovascular Disease, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom (T.R.); Unidad de Neurología vascular, Servicio de Neurología, Departamento de Medicina, Clínica Alemana, Santiago, Chile (P.M.L.); Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile (P.M.L.); and Department of Medicine, Westmead Hospital Clinical School, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia (R.I.L.).
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Stapf
authors.affiliation: From the Neurology Department, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia (C.D., L.D., C.S.A.); Neurological and Mental Health Division, The George Institute for Global Health, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (H.A., S.S., X.W., J.C., E.H., R.I.L.); Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (S.Z., M.L.); Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (R.A.-S.S.); Division of Clinical Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Département de Neurosciences, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada (C.S.); Department of Cardiovascular Sciences and NIHR Biomedical Research Unit in Cardiovascular Disease, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom (T.R.); Unidad de Neurología vascular, Servicio de Neurología, Departamento de Medicina, Clínica Alemana, Santiago, Chile (P.M.L.); Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile (P.M.L.); and Department of Medicine, Westmead Hospital Clinical School, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia (R.I.L.).
authors.forename: Thompson
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Robinson
authors.affiliation: From the Neurology Department, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia (C.D., L.D., C.S.A.); Neurological and Mental Health Division, The George Institute for Global Health, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (H.A., S.S., X.W., J.C., E.H., R.I.L.); Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (S.Z., M.L.); Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (R.A.-S.S.); Division of Clinical Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Département de Neurosciences, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada (C.S.); Department of Cardiovascular Sciences and NIHR Biomedical Research Unit in Cardiovascular Disease, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom (T.R.); Unidad de Neurología vascular, Servicio de Neurología, Departamento de Medicina, Clínica Alemana, Santiago, Chile (P.M.L.); Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile (P.M.L.); and Department of Medicine, Westmead Hospital Clinical School, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia (R.I.L.).
authors.forename: Pablo M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Lavados
authors.affiliation: From the Neurology Department, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia (C.D., L.D., C.S.A.); Neurological and Mental Health Division, The George Institute for Global Health, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (H.A., S.S., X.W., J.C., E.H., R.I.L.); Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (S.Z., M.L.); Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (R.A.-S.S.); Division of Clinical Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Département de Neurosciences, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada (C.S.); Department of Cardiovascular Sciences and NIHR Biomedical Research Unit in Cardiovascular Disease, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom (T.R.); Unidad de Neurología vascular, Servicio de Neurología, Departamento de Medicina, Clínica Alemana, Santiago, Chile (P.M.L.); Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile (P.M.L.); and Department of Medicine, Westmead Hospital Clinical School, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia (R.I.L.).
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chalmers
authors.affiliation: From the Neurology Department, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia (C.D., L.D., C.S.A.); Neurological and Mental Health Division, The George Institute for Global Health, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (H.A., S.S., X.W., J.C., E.H., R.I.L.); Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (S.Z., M.L.); Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (R.A.-S.S.); Division of Clinical Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Département de Neurosciences, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada (C.S.); Department of Cardiovascular Sciences and NIHR Biomedical Research Unit in Cardiovascular Disease, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom (T.R.); Unidad de Neurología vascular, Servicio de Neurología, Departamento de Medicina, Clínica Alemana, Santiago, Chile (P.M.L.); Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile (P.M.L.); and Department of Medicine, Westmead Hospital Clinical School, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia (R.I.L.).
authors.forename: Emma
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Heeley
authors.affiliation: From the Neurology Department, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia (C.D., L.D., C.S.A.); Neurological and Mental Health Division, The George Institute for Global Health, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (H.A., S.S., X.W., J.C., E.H., R.I.L.); Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (S.Z., M.L.); Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (R.A.-S.S.); Division of Clinical Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Département de Neurosciences, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada (C.S.); Department of Cardiovascular Sciences and NIHR Biomedical Research Unit in Cardiovascular Disease, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom (T.R.); Unidad de Neurología vascular, Servicio de Neurología, Departamento de Medicina, Clínica Alemana, Santiago, Chile (P.M.L.); Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile (P.M.L.); and Department of Medicine, Westmead Hospital Clinical School, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia (R.I.L.).
authors.forename: Ming
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: From the Neurology Department, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia (C.D., L.D., C.S.A.); Neurological and Mental Health Division, The George Institute for Global Health, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (H.A., S.S., X.W., J.C., E.H., R.I.L.); Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (S.Z., M.L.); Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (R.A.-S.S.); Division of Clinical Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Département de Neurosciences, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada (C.S.); Department of Cardiovascular Sciences and NIHR Biomedical Research Unit in Cardiovascular Disease, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom (T.R.); Unidad de Neurología vascular, Servicio de Neurología, Departamento de Medicina, Clínica Alemana, Santiago, Chile (P.M.L.); Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile (P.M.L.); and Department of Medicine, Westmead Hospital Clinical School, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia (R.I.L.).
authors.forename: Richard I
authors.initials: RI
authors.lastname: Lindley
authors.affiliation: From the Neurology Department, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia (C.D., L.D., C.S.A.); Neurological and Mental Health Division, The George Institute for Global Health, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (H.A., S.S., X.W., J.C., E.H., R.I.L.); Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (S.Z., M.L.); Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (R.A.-S.S.); Division of Clinical Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Département de Neurosciences, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada (C.S.); Department of Cardiovascular Sciences and NIHR Biomedical Research Unit in Cardiovascular Disease, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom (T.R.); Unidad de Neurología vascular, Servicio de Neurología, Departamento de Medicina, Clínica Alemana, Santiago, Chile (P.M.L.); Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile (P.M.L.); and Department of Medicine, Westmead Hospital Clinical School, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia (R.I.L.). canderson@georgeinstitute.org.au.
authors.forename: Craig S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Anderson
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D002543:Cerebral Hemorrhage / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000401:mortality; D005260:Female; D006406:Hematoma / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000401:mortality; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D016037:Single-Blind Method
keywords: blood pressure; brain imaging; cerebral hemorrhage; hypertension; stroke