title: Thermoreversible nanoethosomal gel for the intranasal delivery of Eletriptan hydrobromide.
abstract: The objective of the current study was to formulate and characterize thermoreversible gel of Eletriptan Hydrobromide for brain targeting via the intranasal route. Ethosomes were prepared by 3(2) factorial design with two independent variables (concentration of soya lecithin and ethanol) and two response variables [percent entrapment efficiency and vesicle size (nm)] using ethanol injection method. Formulated ethosomes were evaluated for preliminary microscopic examination followed by percent drug entrapment efficiency, vesicle size analysis, zeta potential, polydispersibility index and Transmission electron microscopy (TEM). TEM confirms spherical morphology of ethosomes, whereas Malvern zeta sizer confirms that the vesicle size was in the range of 191 ± 6.55-381.3 ± 61.0 nm. Ethosomes were incorporated in gel using poloxamer 407 and carbopol 934 as thermoreversible and mucoadhesive polymers, respectively. Ethosomal gels were evaluated for their pH, viscosity, mucoadhesive strength, in vitro drug release and ex vivo drug permeation through the sheep nasal mucosa. Mucoadhesive strength and pH was found to be 4400 ± 45 to 5500 ± 78.10 dynes/cm(2) and 6.0 ± 0.3 to 6.2 ± 0.1, respectively. In-vitro drug release from the optimized ethosomal gel formulation (G4) was found to be almost 100 % and ex vivo permeation of 4980 µg/ml with a permeability coefficient of 11.94 ± 0.04 × 10(-5) cm/s after 24 h. Histopathological study of the nasal mucosa confirmed non-toxic nature of ethosomal gels. Formulated EH loaded ethosomal thermoreversible gel could serve as the better alternative for the brain targeting via the intranasal route which in turn could subsequently improve its bioavailability.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutics, Yash Institute of Pharmacy, Bajaj Nagar, Aurangabad, Maharashtra, 431134, India. santoshshel@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Santosh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shelke
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutics, Government College of Pharmacy, Osmanpura, Aurangabad, Maharashtra, 431005, India.
authors.forename: Sadhana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shahi
authors.affiliation: KLE University's College of Pharmacy, Nehru Nagar, Belgaum, Karnataka, 590010, India.
authors.forename: Kiran
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Jadhav
authors.affiliation: KLE University's College of Pharmacy, Nehru Nagar, Belgaum, Karnataka, 590010, India.
authors.forename: Dinesh
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Dhamecha
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677, USA.
authors.forename: Roshan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tiwari
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677, USA.
authors.forename: Hemlata
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Patil
mesh_terms: D000281:Administration, Intranasal; D000818:Animals; D005782:Gels / Q000737:chemistry; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D049329:Nanostructures / Q000737:chemistry*; D009297:Nasal Mucosa; D011759:Pyrrolidines / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D012756:Sheep; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D013696:Temperature; D014363:Tryptamines / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D005782:Gels; D011759:Pyrrolidines; D014363:Tryptamines; C115647:eletriptan