title: Characterisation of matrix vesicles in skeletal and soft tissue mineralisation.
abstract: The importance of matrix vesicles (MVs) has been repeatedly highlighted in the formation of cartilage, bone, and dentin since their discovery in 1967. These nano-vesicular structures, which are found in the extracellular matrix, are believed to be one of the sites of mineral nucleation that occurs in the organic matrix of the skeletal tissues. In the more recent years, there have been numerous reports on the observation of MV-like particles in calcified vascular tissues that could be playing a similar role. Therefore, here, we review the characteristics MVs possess that enable them to participate in mineral deposition. Additionally, we outline the content of skeletal tissue- and soft tissue-derived MVs, and discuss their key mineralisation mediators that could be targeted for future therapeutic use.
authors.affiliation: The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The University of Edinburgh Easter Bush Campus, Edinburgh, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, UK. Electronic address: Cui.Lin@roslin.ed.ac.uk.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.affiliation: The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The University of Edinburgh Easter Bush Campus, Edinburgh, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, UK.
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Houston
authors.affiliation: The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The University of Edinburgh Easter Bush Campus, Edinburgh, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, UK.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Farquharson
authors.affiliation: The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The University of Edinburgh Easter Bush Campus, Edinburgh, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, UK.
authors.forename: V E
authors.initials: VE
authors.lastname: MacRae
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000378:metabolism*; D002113:Calcification, Physiologic; D005109:Extracellular Matrix / Q000378:metabolism*; D000067128:Extracellular Vesicles / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008954:Models, Biological; D010012:Osteogenesis
keywords: Matrix vesicles; Mechanisms; Mineralisation; Phosphate; Vascular calcification