title: Differentiating head and neck carcinoma from lung carcinoma with an electronic nose: a proof of concept study.
abstract: Disease specific patterns of volatile organic compounds can be detected in exhaled breath using an electronic nose (e-nose). The aim of this study is to explore whether an e-nose can differentiate between head and neck, and lung carcinoma. Eighty-seven patients received an e-nose measurement before any oncologic treatment. We used PARAFAC/TUCKER3 tensor decomposition for data reduction and an artificial neural network for analysis to obtain binary results; either diagnosed as head and neck or lung carcinoma. Via a leave-one-out method, cross-validation of the data was performed. In differentiating head and neck from lung carcinoma patients, a diagnostic accuracy of 93 % was found. After cross-validation of the data, this resulted in a diagnostic accuracy of 85 %. There seems to be a potential for e-nose as a diagnostic tool in HNC and lung carcinoma. With a fair diagnostic accuracy, an e-nose can differentiate between the two tumor entities.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, PO Box 5800, 6202 AZ, Maastricht, The Netherlands. michel.hooren@mumc.nl.
authors.forename: Michel R A
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: van Hooren
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, PO Box 5800, 6202 AZ, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Nicoline
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Leunis
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, PO Box 5800, 6202 AZ, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Dirk S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Brandsma
authors.affiliation: Department of Pulmonology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Anne-Marie C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Dingemans
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, PO Box 5800, 6202 AZ, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Bernd
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kremer
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, PO Box 5800, 6202 AZ, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Kenneth W
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Kross
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001944:Breath Tests; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000175:diagnosis*; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D062609:Electronic Nose; D045853:Exhalation; D005260:Female; D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis*; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D055549:Volatile Organic Compounds
chemical_list: D055549:Volatile Organic Compounds
keywords: Diagnosis; Electronic nose; Head and neck carcinoma; Lung carcinoma; Volatile organic compounds