title: Effects of action observation treatment in recovery after total knee replacement: a prospective clinical trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We hypothesized that self-administered action observation treatment can increase the effectiveness of inpatient rehabilitation of patients after a primary total knee replacement.
  
  
  METHODS
  A pilot randomized controlled trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-one inpatients, admitted to our Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine Department.
  
  
  METHODS
  After a primary total knee replacement were randomly assigned to either an experimental ( n=14) or control ( n=17) group.
  
  
  METHODS
  All subjects received conventional physiotherapy and were required to perform additional self-administered exercises explained in a written informative brochure. Subjects in the experimental group were asked to watch a video showing a person exercising whilst the control group watched a nature video without exercises being shown.
  
  
  METHODS
  Changes in Visual Analogue Scale, active and passive range of motion of knee, Barthel index, Short Form-36 Health Survey, Tinetti scale, Lequesne index measurements.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At the end of the intervention period, the increase of the active range of motion over the active flexion and extension in the experimental group was higher than in the control group; the difference between groups was 15.6° (95%CI 5.3-24.8) and 3.4° (95%CI 1.1-5.6), for active flexion and active extension respectively; between-group effect sizes were large at post-treatment period (d>1.3).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  adding action observation training to conventional inpatient physiotherapy is associated with a greater degree of recovery in patients who have undergone a primary total knee replacement.
authors.affiliation: 1 IRCCS Don Gnocchi Foundation, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Jorge Hugo
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Villafañe
authors.affiliation: 1 IRCCS Don Gnocchi Foundation, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Isgrò
authors.affiliation: 1 IRCCS Don Gnocchi Foundation, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Borsatti
authors.affiliation: 2 IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Pedro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Berjano
authors.affiliation: 1 IRCCS Don Gnocchi Foundation, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Caterina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pirali
authors.affiliation: 1 IRCCS Don Gnocchi Foundation, Milan, Italy.|3 Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Negrini
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D019645:Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D005260:Female; D005684:Gait / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007297:Inpatients; D008297:Male; D010353:Patient Education as Topic / Q000379:methods*; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular; D020127:Recovery of Function; D014741:Video Recording; D064232:Visual Analog Scale
keywords: Total knee replacement; action observation treatment; rehabilitation