title: Recent developments with boron as a platform for novel drug design.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  After decades of development, the medicinal chemistry of compounds that contain a single boron atom has matured to the present status of having equal rights with other branches of drug discovery, although it remains a relative newcomer. In contrast, the medicinal chemistry of boron clusters is less advanced, but it is expanding and may soon become a productive area of drug discovery.
  
  
  METHODS
  The author reviews the current developments of medicinal chemistry of boron and its applications in drug design. First generation boron drugs that bear a single boron atom and second generation boron drugs that utilize boron clusters as pharmacophores or modulators of bioactive molecules are discussed. The advantages and gaps in our current understanding of boron medicinal chemistry, with a special focus on boron clusters, are highlighted.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Boron is not a panacea for every drug discovery problem, but there is a good chance that it will become a useful addition to the medicinal chemistry tool box. The present status of boron resembles the medicinal chemistry status of fluorine three decades ago; indeed, currently, approximately 20% of pharmaceuticals on the market contain fluorine. The fact that novel boron compounds, especially those based on abiotic polyhedral boron hydrides, are currently unfamiliar could be advantageous because organisms may be less prone to developing resistance against boron cluster-based drugs.
authors.affiliation: a Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences , Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Biological Chemistry , Lodz , Poland.
authors.forename: Zbigniew J
authors.initials: ZJ
authors.lastname: Leśnikowski
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001895:Boron / Q000737:chemistry*; D001896:Boron Compounds / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical / Q000379:methods; D015195:Drug Design; D055808:Drug Discovery / Q000379:methods; D004351:Drug Resistance; D006801:Humans
chemical_list: D001896:Boron Compounds; D001895:Boron
keywords: Boron; boron clusters; boronic acids; drug discovery; medicinal chemistry