title: Multiple characteristics analysis of Alzheimer's electroencephalogram by power spectral density and Lempel-Ziv complexity.
abstract: To investigate the electroencephalograph (EEG) background activity in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), power spectrum density (PSD) and Lempel-Ziv (LZ) complexity analysis are proposed to extract multiple effective features of EEG signals from AD patients and further applied to distinguish AD patients from the normal controls. Spectral analysis based on autoregressive Burg method is first used to quantify the power distribution of EEG series in the frequency domain. Compared with the control group, the relative PSD of AD group is significantly higher in the theta frequency band while lower in the alpha frequency bands. In order to explore the nonlinear information, Lempel-Ziv complexity (LZC) and multi-scale LZC is further applied to all electrodes for the four frequency bands. Analysis results demonstrate that the group difference is significant in the alpha frequency band by LZC and multi-scale LZC analysis. However, the group difference of multi-scale LZC is much more remarkable, manifesting as more channels undergo notable changes, particularly in electrodes O1 and O2 in the occipital area. Moreover, the multi-scale LZC value provided a better classification between the two groups with an accuracy of 85.7 %. In addition, we combine both features of the relative PSD and multi-scale LZC to discriminate AD patients from the normal controls by applying a support vector machine model in the alpha frequency band. It is indicated that the two groups can be clearly classified by the combined feature. Importantly, the accuracy of the classification is higher than that of any one feature, reaching 91.4 %. The obtained results show that analysis of PSD and multi-scale LZC can be taken as a potential comprehensive measure to distinguish AD patients from the normal controls, which may benefit our understanding of the disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Tangshan Gongren Hospital, Hebei Medical University, Tangshan, 063000 Hebei People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xiaokun
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Tangshan Gongren Hospital, Hebei Medical University, Tangshan, 063000 Hebei People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Chunlai
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Tangshan Gongren Hospital, Hebei Medical University, Tangshan, 063000 Hebei People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Zheng
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Ji
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Tangshan Gongren Hospital, Hebei Medical University, Tangshan, 063000 Hebei People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Tangshan Gongren Hospital, Hebei Medical University, Tangshan, 063000 Hebei People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xiaoming
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Shang
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Tangshan Gongren Hospital, Hebei Medical University, Tangshan, 063000 Hebei People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Qi
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Tangshan Gongren Hospital, Hebei Medical University, Tangshan, 063000 Hebei People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Wencheng
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Tangshan Gongren Hospital, Hebei Medical University, Tangshan, 063000 Hebei People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xia
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Tangshan Gongren Hospital, Hebei Medical University, Tangshan, 063000 Hebei People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072 People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Ruofan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072 People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Jiang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072 People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Haitao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yu
keywords: Alzheimer’s disease; Electroencephalogram; Lempel–Ziv complexity; Multi-scale Lempel–Ziv complexity; Power spectrum density