title: Dendritic Cell-Based Vaccine Against Fungal Infection.
abstract: Several pathogenic fungi, including Cryptococcus gattii, Histoplasma capsulatum, Coccidioides immitis, and Penicillium marneffei, cause serious infectious diseases in immunocompetent humans. However, currently, prophylactic and therapeutic vaccines are not clinically used. In particular, C. gattii is an emerging pathogen and thus far protective immunity against this pathogen has not been well characterized. Experimental vaccines such as component and attenuated live vaccines have been used as tools to study protective immunity against fungal infection. Recently, we developed a dendritic cell (DC)-based vaccine to study protective immunity against pulmonary infection by highly virulent C. gattii strain R265 that was clinically isolated from bronchial washings of infected patients during the Vancouver Island outbreak. In this approach, bone marrow-derived DCs (BMDCs) are pulsed with heat-killed C. gattii and then transferred into mice prior to intratracheal infection. This DC vaccine significantly increases interleukin 17A (IL-17A)-, interferon gamma (IFN-γ)-, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α)-producing T cells in the lungs and spleen and ameliorates the pathology, fungal burden, and mortality following C. gattii infection. This approach may result in the development of a new means of controlling lethal fungal infections. In this chapter, we describe the procedures of DC vaccine preparation and murine pulmonary infection model for analysis of immune response against C. gattii.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemotherapy and Mycoses, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Keigo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ueno
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemotherapy and Mycoses, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Urai
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemotherapy and Mycoses, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Kayo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ohkouchi
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemotherapy and Mycoses, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshitsugu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Miyazaki
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemotherapy and Mycoses, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan. ykinjo@niid.go.jp.
authors.forename: Yuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kinjo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001854:Bone Marrow Cells / Q000166:cytology; D056285:Cryptococcus gattii / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000502:physiology; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology*; D005656:Fungal Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005657:Fungal Vaccines / Q000276:immunology*; D008168:Lung / Q000382:microbiology; D051379:Mice; D017384:Sequence Deletion
chemical_list: D005656:Fungal Proteins; D005657:Fungal Vaccines
keywords: Acapsular mutant; Bone marrow-derived dendritic cells; Cryptococcosis; Cryptococcus gattii; DC vaccine; Fungal vaccine; Glucuronoxylomannan; Pulmonary infection; T-cell-inducing vaccine