title: Hypoglycemia unawareness prevention: Targeting glucagon production.
abstract: Insulin-dependent individuals with diabetes are at risk for a severe hypoglycemic event that may predispose them to several repeat episodes during which the normal counter regulatory mechanisms that protect against hypoglycemia fail to be activated. This state of hypoglycemia unawareness is characterized by a failure of glucagon release, preventing mobilization of endogenous glucose stores from the liver. We describe the discovery of a novel hormone, produced in pancreatic delta cells, which stimulates glucagon production and release, particularly under low glucose conditions. We hypothesize that this hormone, called neuronostatin, may be effective as a co-therapy with insulin to prevent repeated, potentially fatal episodes of recurrent hypoglycemia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63104, United States. Electronic address: samsonwk@slu.edu.
authors.forename: Willis K
authors.initials: WK
authors.lastname: Samson
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63104, United States.
authors.forename: Lauren M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Stein
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63104, United States.
authors.forename: Mollisa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Elrick
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63104, United States.
authors.forename: Alison
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Salvatori
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63104, United States.
authors.forename: Grant
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kolar
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States.
authors.forename: John A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Corbett
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63104, United States.
authors.forename: Gina L C
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Yosten
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005934:Glucagon / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007003:Hypoglycemia / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D007328:Insulin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D036361:Peptide Hormones / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D007328:Insulin; D036361:Peptide Hormones; C579289:neuronostatin, human; D005934:Glucagon
keywords: Glucagon; Hypoglycemia; Insulin; Neuronostatin