title: Effect of foods and Mediterranean diet during pregnancy and first years of life on wheezing, rhinitis and dermatitis in preschoolers.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There is a conflictive position if some foods and Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) consumed by the mother during pregnancy and by the child during the first years of life can be protective for current wheezing, rhinitis and dermatitis at preschool age.
  
  
  METHODS
  Questionnaires of epidemiological factors and food intake by the mother during pregnancy and later by the child were filled in by parents in two surveys at two different time points (1.5 yrs and 4 yrs of life) in 1000 preschoolers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalences of current wheezing, rhinitis and dermatitis were 18.8%, 10.4%, and 17.2%, respectively. After multiple logistic analysis children who were low fruit consumers (never/occasionally) and high fast-food consumers (≥3 times/week) had a higher risk for current wheezing; while intermediate consumption of meat (1 or 2 times/week) and low of pasta by mothers in pregnancy were protected. For current rhinitis, low fruit consumer children were at higher risk; while those consuming meat <3 times/week were protected. For current dermatitis, high fast food consumption by mothers in pregnancy; and low or high consumption of fruit, and high of potatoes in children were associated to higher prevalence. Children consuming fast food >1 times/week were protected for dermatitis. MedDiet adherence by mother and child did not remain a protective factor for any outcome.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Low consumption of fruits and high of meat by the child, and high consumption of potatoes and pasta by the mother had a negative effect on wheezing, rhinitis or dermatitis; while fast food consumption was inconsistent.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Division of Public Health, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile. Electronic address: jacastro17@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Castro-Rodriguez
authors.affiliation: Allery Unit, Santa Lucia University Hospital, Cartagena, Spain.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ramirez-Hernandez
authors.affiliation: Division of Public Health, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Padilla
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Allergy and Pulmonology Units, "Virgen de la Arrixaca" University Children's Hospital, University of Murcia and IMIB-Arrixaca Research Institute, Murcia, Spain.
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Pacheco-Gonzalez
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Allergy and Pulmonology Units, "Virgen de la Arrixaca" University Children's Hospital, University of Murcia and IMIB-Arrixaca Research Institute, Murcia, Spain.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Pérez-Fernández
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Allergy and Pulmonology Units, "Virgen de la Arrixaca" University Children's Hospital, University of Murcia and IMIB-Arrixaca Research Institute, Murcia, Spain.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Garcia-Marcos
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003872:Dermatitis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D038441:Diet, Mediterranean; D005260:Female; D005502:Food; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D018811:Maternal Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects; D008875:Middle Aged; D018812:Paternal Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects; D011247:Pregnancy; D015995:Prevalence; D012135:Respiratory Sounds; D012220:Rhinitis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: Asthma; Childhood; Dermatitis; Food during pregnancy; Mediterranean diet; Primary prevention; Rhinitis; Risk factors; Wheeze