title: Structure, Properties, Functionalization, and Applications of Carbon Nanohorns.
abstract: Carbon nanohorns (sometimes also known as nanocones) are conical carbon nanostructures constructed from an sp(2) carbon sheet. Nanohorns require no metal catalyst in their synthesis, and can be produced in industrial quantities. They provide a realistic and useful alternative to carbon nanotubes, and possibly graphene, in a wide range of applications. They also have their own unique behavior due to their specific conical morphology. However, their research and development has been slowed by several factors, notably during synthesis, they aggregate into spherical clusters ∼100 nm in diameter, blocking functionalization and treatment of individual nanocones. This limitation has recently been overcome with a new approach to separating these "dahlia-like" clusters into individual nanocones. In this review, we describe the structure, synthesis, and topology of carbon nanohorns, and provide a detailed review of nanohorn chemistry.
authors.affiliation: Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute, National Hellenic Research Foundation , 48 Vassileos Constantinou Avenue, Athens 11635, Greece.
authors.forename: Nikolaos
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Karousis
authors.affiliation: Nanochemistry Research Institute, Department of Physics, Curtin University of Technology , P.O. Box U1987, Perth, Western Australia 6845, Australia.
authors.forename: Irene
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Suarez-Martinez
authors.affiliation: Institut des Materiaux Jean Rouxel, CNRS, Université de Nantes , 2 Rue de la Houssiniere, BP32229, 44322 Nantes, France.
authors.forename: Christopher P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Ewels
authors.affiliation: Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute, National Hellenic Research Foundation , 48 Vassileos Constantinou Avenue, Athens 11635, Greece.
authors.forename: Nikos
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tagmatarchis
mesh_terms: D015374:Biosensing Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D002384:Catalysis; D056831:Coordination Complexes / Q000737:chemistry; D061565:Cycloaddition Reaction; D004337:Drug Carriers / Q000138:chemical synthesis*; D006108:Graphite / Q000737:chemistry*; D049329:Nanostructures / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D010316:Particle Size; D011759:Pyrrolidines / Q000737:chemistry; D012666:Semiconductors; D012794:Sialic Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D013194:Staining and Labeling / Q000379:methods; D009626:Terminology as Topic
chemical_list: D056831:Coordination Complexes; D004337:Drug Carriers; D011759:Pyrrolidines; D012794:Sialic Acids; D006108:Graphite