title: Evaluation of protective efficacy of a novel inactivated Salmonella Pullorum ghost vaccine against virulent challenge in chickens.
abstract: Salmonella Gallinarum biovar Pullorum is the causative agent of pullorum disease in poultry, an acute systemic disease that results in a high mortality rate in young chickens. Vaccines have been considered in many developing countries where levels of infection are high and eradication is not a realistic option. An attenuated strain combined with protein E-mediated cell lysis was used to generate a safety enhanced Salmonella Pullorum ghost vaccine. Immune responses and protection induced by ghost vaccine in chickens were investigated following a prime-boost immunization administered via intramuscular and oral routes. Chickens from vaccinated groups showed significant increases in antigen-specific IgG, especially after booster immunization. Lymphocyte proliferation responses were also significantly increased in all immunized groups at 2-weeks post-final vaccination. The Salmonella Pullorum ghost vaccine provided satisfactory protection against virulent Salmonella Pullorum infection, as shown by the robust stimulation of both humoral and cell-mediated immune responses as well as the reduction in the number of bacterial recovered post-challenge. Moreover, the immune effects and survival rates indicated intramuscular injection is more efficient than oral vaccination. In conclusion, our results suggest that Salmonella Pullorum ghosts may be used as a safe and effective novel inactivated vaccine candidate to protect against virulent Salmonella Pullorum infection.
authors.affiliation: Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China.
authors.forename: Rongxian
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China.
authors.forename: Shizhong
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Geng
authors.affiliation: Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China; School of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China.
authors.forename: Hongmei
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jiao
authors.affiliation: Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China.
authors.forename: Zhiming
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.affiliation: Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China.
authors.forename: Xiang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China. Electronic address: jiao@yzu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Xinan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Jiao
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002645:Chickens; D007111:Immunity, Cellular; D011201:Poultry Diseases / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D012481:Salmonella Infections, Animal / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D022562:Salmonella Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D019779:Salmonella enterica / Q000276:immunology*; D015164:Vaccines, Inactivated / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: C029555:E protein, bacteriophage X174; D022562:Salmonella Vaccines; D015164:Vaccines, Inactivated; D014764:Viral Proteins
keywords: Bacterial ghost; Chickens; Protective efficacy; Salmonella Gallinarum biovar Pullorum; Vaccine