title: Chitosan Hydrogels for the Regeneration of Infarcted Myocardium: Preparation, Physicochemical Characterization, and Biological Evaluation.
abstract: The formation of chitosan hydrogels without any external cross-linking agent was successfully achieved by inducing the gelation of a viscous chitosan solution with aqueous NaOH or gaseous NH3. The hydrogels produced from high molecular weight (Mw ≈ 640 000 g mol(-1)) and extensively deacetylated chitosan (DA ≈ 2.8%) at polymer concentrations above ∼2.0% exhibited improved mechanical properties due to the increase of the chain entanglements and intermolecular junctions. The results also show that the physicochemical and mechanical properties of chitosan hydrogels can be controlled by varying their polymer concentration and by controlling the gelation conditions, that is, by using different gelation routes. The biological evaluation of such hydrogels for regeneration of infarcted myocardium revealed that chitosan hydrogels prepared from 1.5% polymer solutions were perfectly incorporated onto the epicardial surface of the heart and presented partial degradation accompanied by mononuclear cell infiltration.
authors.affiliation: Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères IMP@Lyon1, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, UMR CNRS 5223 , 15 bd Latarjet, 69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France.|Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo , Avenida Trabalhador São-carlense, 400 São Carlos, Brazil.
authors.forename: Anderson
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fiamingo
authors.affiliation: Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères IMP@Lyon1, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, UMR CNRS 5223 , 15 bd Latarjet, 69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France.
authors.forename: Alexandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Montembault
authors.affiliation: UMR CNRS 8256, Biological Adaptation and Ageing, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine (IBPS) , 75005 Paris, France.
authors.forename: Solène-Emmanuelle
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Boitard
authors.affiliation: INSERM UMR 970, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité , 75015 Paris, France.|Department of Cardiology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Université Sorbonne Paris Cite ́, 75015 Paris, France.
authors.forename: Hany
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Naemetalla
authors.affiliation: UMR CNRS 8256, Biological Adaptation and Ageing, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine (IBPS) , 75005 Paris, France.
authors.forename: Onnik
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Agbulut
authors.affiliation: Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères IMP@Lyon1, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, UMR CNRS 5223 , 15 bd Latarjet, 69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France.
authors.forename: Thierry
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Delair
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo , Avenida Trabalhador São-carlense, 400 São Carlos, Brazil.
authors.forename: Sérgio Paulo
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Campana-Filho
authors.affiliation: INSERM UMR 970, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité , 75015 Paris, France.|Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou , 75015 Paris, France.
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Menasché
authors.affiliation: Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères IMP@Lyon1, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, UMR CNRS 5223 , 15 bd Latarjet, 69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France.
authors.forename: Laurent
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: David
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D048271:Chitosan / Q000737:chemistry*; D003432:Cross-Linking Reagents / Q000737:chemistry; D005260:Female; D020100:Hydrogels / Q000737:chemistry*; D008422:Materials Testing; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012038:Regeneration / Q000502:physiology*; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left; D014867:Water
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D003432:Cross-Linking Reagents; D020100:Hydrogels; D011108:Polymers; D014867:Water; D048271:Chitosan