title: Separation of nanoparticles: Filtration and scavenging from waste incineration plants.
abstract: Increased amounts of nanoparticles are applied in products of everyday life and despite material recycling efforts, at the end of their life cycle they are fed into waste incineration plants. This raises the question on the fate of nanoparticles during incineration. In terms of environmental impact the key question is how well airborne nanoparticles are removed by separation processes on their way to the bag house filters and by the existing filtration process based on pulse-jet cleanable fibrous filter media. Therefore, we investigate the scavenging and the filtration of metal nanoparticles under typical conditions in waste incineration plants. The scavenging process is investigated by a population balance model while the nanoparticle filtration experiments are realized in a filter test rig. The results show that depending on the particle sizes, in some cases nearly 80% of the nanoparticles are scavenged by fly ash particles before they reach the bag house filter. For the filtration step dust cakes with a pressure drop of 500Pa or higher are found to be very effective in preventing nanoparticles from penetrating through the filter. Thus, regeneration of the filter must be undertaken with care in order to guarantee highly efficient collection of particles even in the lower nanometre size regime.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Particle Technology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Cauerstr. 4, 91058 Erlangen, Germany; Present address: Knauf Gips KG, Mainbernheimer Str. 15, 97346 Iphofen, Germany.
authors.forename: Henning
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Förster
authors.affiliation: Institute of Particle Technology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Cauerstr. 4, 91058 Erlangen, Germany; Interdisciplinary Center for Functional Particle Systems, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Haberstr. 9a, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.
authors.forename: Thaseem
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Thajudeen
authors.affiliation: Institute of Particle Technology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Cauerstr. 4, 91058 Erlangen, Germany; Present address: Fraunhofer IIS, Am Wolfsmantel 33, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Funk
authors.affiliation: Institute of Particle Technology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Cauerstr. 4, 91058 Erlangen, Germany; Interdisciplinary Center for Functional Particle Systems, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Haberstr. 9a, 91058 Erlangen, Germany. Electronic address: wolfgang.peukert@fau.de.
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Peukert
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D005374:Filtration / Q000379:methods; D017745:Incineration / Q000379:methods*; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000032:analysis*; D010316:Particle Size
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants
keywords: Filtration efficiency; Nanoparticle scavenging; Population balance modelling; Ultrafine particle emission; Waste incineration