title: Antibacterial effect and shear bond strength of an orthodontic adhesive cement containingGalla chinensisextract.
abstract: Galla chinensis extract (GCE), a naturally-derived agent, has a significant inhibitory effect on cariogenic bacteria. The present study aims to evaluate the antibacterial effect and shear bond strength of an orthodontic adhesive cement containing GCE. A resin-modified glass ionomer cement incorporated GCE at five mass fractions (0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, and 0.8%) to prepare GCE-containing cement for analysis. For the agar diffusion test, cement specimens were placed on agar disk inoculated with Streptococcus mutans (strain ATCC 25175). Following 48 h incubation, the inhibition halo diameter was measured. To assess bacteria colonization susceptibility, S. mutans adhesion to cement specimens was detected by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) following 48 h incubation. To evaluate bond strength, a total of 50 metal brackets were bonded on premolar surfaces by using cement (10 teeth/group). Following immersion in an artificial saliva for 3 days, shear bond strength (SBS) was measured. The results demonstrated that GCE-containing samples exhibited a larger bacterial inhibition halo than control, and the inhibition zone increased as the GCE mass fraction increased. SEM analysis demonstrated that S. mutans presented a weaker adherent capacity to all GCE-containing cements compared with control, but the difference between each GCE-containing group was not significant. SBS values of each GCE-containing group exhibited no difference compared with the control. In conclusion, GCE-containing adhesive cement exhibits a promising inhibitory effect on S. mutans growth and adhesion. Without compromising bond strength, adding GCE in adhesive cement may be an attractive option for preventing white spot lesions during orthodontic treatment.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610072, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Lu-Fei
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610072, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610072, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Chao-Ran
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Xue
authors.affiliation: School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27516, USA.
authors.forename: Meng
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Deng
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610072, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Chen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Oral Department, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu 610072, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Hao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wu
keywords: Galla chinensis extract; adhesive cement; antibacterial effect; bond strength; white spot lesions