title: Albumin-glutaraldehyde glue for repair of superficial lung defect: an in vitro experiment.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Albumin-glutaraldehyde glue gained a widespread acceptance in repair of superficial lung defects associated with alveolar air leaks (AAL). As its sealing efficacy has not yet been thoroughly corroborated by clinical studies, we sought to assess the properties of commercially available albumin-glutaraldehyde glue (BioGlue™) in an in vitro lung model.
  
  
  METHODS
  The lower lobe of freshly excised swine lung (n = 10) was intubated and ventilated. A focal superficial parenchymal defect (40 × 25 mm) was created on the inflated lung. AAL was assessed with increasing inspired tidal volume (TVi). After glue application, AAL was assessed until burst failure occurred. To evaluate glue elasticity, the length of defect was recorded in the inflated lung.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Superficial parenchymal defects resulted in AAL increasing with ascending TVi. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed strong correlation between AAL and maximal inspiratory pressure. There was one application error. At TVi = 400, 500, 600, 700, 800 and 900 ml, BioGlue™ achieved complete sealing in nine, six, five, four two and one specimens, respectively. Mean burst pressure was 38.0 ± 4.2 cmH2O. All sealant failures were cohesive. BioGlue™ allowed an expansion of covered lung defects of 1.5 ± 1.7 mm.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our in vitro tests demonstrated a high sealing efficacy of BioGlue™ for repair of superficial lung defects. Due to the rigid nature, caution should be taken to use this kind of sealant in trapped lungs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
authors.forename: Maximilian
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bures
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
authors.forename: Hans-Klaus
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Höffler
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic Surgery, Center for Pneumology and Thoracic Surgery, Schillerhoehe Hospital, Teaching hospital of the University of Tuebingen, Solitudestr. 18, Gerlingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Godehard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Friedel
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic Surgery, Center for Pneumology and Thoracic Surgery, Schillerhoehe Hospital, Teaching hospital of the University of Tuebingen, Solitudestr. 18, Gerlingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kyriss
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic Surgery, Center for Pneumology and Thoracic Surgery, Schillerhoehe Hospital, Teaching hospital of the University of Tuebingen, Solitudestr. 18, Gerlingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Enole
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Boedeker
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
authors.forename: Florian
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Länger
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiac and Thoracic Surgery, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Zardo
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic Surgery, Center for Pneumology and Thoracic Surgery, Schillerhoehe Hospital, Teaching hospital of the University of Tuebingen, Solitudestr. 18, Gerlingen, Germany. zhang.ruoyu@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Ruoyu
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000418:Albumins / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000818:Animals; D005976:Glutaral / Q000008:administration & dosage; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008168:Lung / Q000601:surgery*; D023421:Models, Animal; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D013510:Pulmonary Surgical Procedures; D013552:Swine; D014014:Tissue Adhesives / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D014945:Wound Healing
chemical_list: D000418:Albumins; D014014:Tissue Adhesives; D005976:Glutaral
keywords: Air leak; BioGlue; Lung; Sealant