title: Reprogramming cancer cells: overview & current progress.
abstract: Cancer is a disease with genetic and epigenetic origins, and the possible effects of reprogramming cancer cells using the defined sets of transcription factors remain largely uninvestigated. In the handful of publications available so far, findings have shown that reprogramming cancer cells changed the characteristics of the cells to differ from the parental cancer cells. These findings indicated the possibility of utilizing reprogramming technology to create a disease model in the laboratory to be used in studying the molecular pathogenesis or for drug screening of a particular cancer model.
  
  
  
  Despite numerous methods employed in generating induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from cancer cells only a few studies have successfully reprogrammed malignant human cells. In this review we will provide an overview on i) methods to reprogram cancer cells, ii) characterization of the reprogrammed cancer cells, and iii) the differential effects of reprogramming on malignancy, epigenetics and response of the cancer cells to chemotherapeutic agents.
  
  
  
  Continued technical progress in cancer cell reprogramming technology will be instrumental for more refined in vitro disease models and ultimately for the development of directed and personalized therapy for cancer patients in the future.
authors.affiliation: a Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences , Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman , Sungai Long , Selangor 43000 , Malaysia.
authors.forename: Kian Lam
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.affiliation: a Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences , Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman , Sungai Long , Selangor 43000 , Malaysia.|b PPUKM-MAKNA Cancer Centre , Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre , Cheras , Malaysia.
authors.forename: Hoon Koon
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Teoh
authors.affiliation: a Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences , Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman , Sungai Long , Selangor 43000 , Malaysia.|b PPUKM-MAKNA Cancer Centre , Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre , Cheras , Malaysia.
authors.forename: Pei Feng
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Choong
authors.affiliation: a Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences , Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman , Sungai Long , Selangor 43000 , Malaysia.
authors.forename: Hui Xin
authors.initials: HX
authors.lastname: Teh
authors.affiliation: a Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences , Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman , Sungai Long , Selangor 43000 , Malaysia.
authors.forename: Soon Keng
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Cheong
authors.affiliation: c Tissue Engineering Group, National Orthopaedic Centre of Excellence for Research and Learning, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine , University of Malaya , 50603 Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia.
authors.forename: Tunku
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kamarul
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D065150:Cellular Reprogramming / Q000502:physiology*; D044127:Epigenesis, Genetic / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D015316:Genetic Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D057026:Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells / Q000502:physiology / Q000637:transplantation; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000628:therapy*; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D014157:Transcription Factors
keywords: iPC; iPSC; pluripotent; reprogramming cancer cells; stem cells