title: A Radio-Map Automatic Construction Algorithm Based on Crowdsourcing.
abstract: Traditional radio-map-based localization methods need to sample a large number of location fingerprints offline, which requires huge amount of human and material resources. To solve the high sampling cost problem, an automatic radio-map construction algorithm based on crowdsourcing is proposed. The algorithm employs the crowd-sourced information provided by a large number of users when they are walking in the buildings as the source of location fingerprint data. Through the variation characteristics of users' smartphone sensors, the indoor anchors (doors) are identified and their locations are regarded as reference positions of the whole radio-map. The AP-Cluster method is used to cluster the crowdsourced fingerprints to acquire the representative fingerprints. According to the reference positions and the similarity between fingerprints, the representative fingerprints are linked to their corresponding physical locations and the radio-map is generated. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm reduces the cost of fingerprint sampling and radio-map construction and guarantees the localization accuracy. The proposed method does not require users' explicit participation, which effectively solves the resource-consumption problem when a location fingerprint database is established.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Education Ministry for Precision Opto-Mechatronics Technology, School of Instrumentation Science and Opto-Electronics Engineering, Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics (Beihang University), Beijing 100191, China. nyu@buaa.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Ning
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Education Ministry for Precision Opto-Mechatronics Technology, School of Instrumentation Science and Opto-Electronics Engineering, Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics (Beihang University), Beijing 100191, China. xiaochenxian@buaa.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Chenxian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Education Ministry for Precision Opto-Mechatronics Technology, School of Instrumentation Science and Opto-Electronics Engineering, Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics (Beihang University), Beijing 100191, China. yfwu@buaa.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Yinfeng
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Education Ministry for Precision Opto-Mechatronics Technology, School of Instrumentation Science and Opto-Electronics Engineering, Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics (Beihang University), Beijing 100191, China. rjfeng@buaa.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Renjian
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Feng
keywords: crowdsourcing; indoor localization; radio-map; smartphone sensors