title: Spatially valid data of atmospheric deposition of heavy metals and nitrogen derived by moss surveys for pollution risk assessments of ecosystems.
abstract: For analysing element input into ecosystems and associated risks due to atmospheric deposition, element concentrations in moss provide complementary and time-integrated data at high spatial resolution every 5 years since 1990. The paper reviews (1) minimum sample sizes needed for reliable, statistical estimation of mean values at four different spatial scales (European and national level as well as landscape-specific level covering Europe and single countries); (2) trends of heavy metal (HM) and nitrogen (N) concentrations in moss in Europe (1990-2010); (3) correlations between concentrations of HM in moss and soil specimens collected across Norway (1990-2010); and (4) canopy drip-induced site-specific variation of N concentration in moss sampled in seven European countries (1990-2013). While the minimum sample sizes on the European and national level were achieved without exception, for some ecological land classes and elements, the coverage with sampling sites should be improved. The decline in emission and subsequent atmospheric deposition of HM across Europe has resulted in decreasing HM concentrations in moss between 1990 and 2010. In contrast, hardly any changes were observed for N in moss between 2005, when N was included into the survey for the first time, and 2010. In Norway, both, the moss and the soil survey data sets, were correlated, indicating a decrease of HM concentrations in moss and soil. At the site level, the average N deposition inside of forests was almost three times higher than the average N deposition outside of forests.
authors.affiliation: Chair of Landscape Ecology, University of Vechta, Vechta, Germany. wschroeder@iuw.uni-vechta.de.
authors.forename: Winfried
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Schröder
authors.affiliation: Chair of Landscape Ecology, University of Vechta, Vechta, Germany.
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nickel
authors.affiliation: Chair of Landscape Ecology, University of Vechta, Vechta, Germany.
authors.forename: Simon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Schönrock
authors.affiliation: Chair of Landscape Ecology, University of Vechta, Vechta, Germany.
authors.forename: Michaela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Meyer
authors.affiliation: Institute of Statistics, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany.
authors.forename: Werner
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wosniok
authors.affiliation: ICP Vegetation Programme Coordination Centre, Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Environment Centre Wales, Swansea, UK.
authors.forename: Harry
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Harmens
authors.affiliation: Moss Survey Coordination Centre, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Russian Federation.
authors.forename: Marina V
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Frontasyeva
authors.affiliation: Environmental Agency of Bolzano, Laives, Italy.
authors.forename: Renate
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Alber
authors.affiliation: International Sakharov Environmental University, Minsk, Belarus.
authors.forename: Julia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Aleksiayenak
authors.affiliation: Institute of physics, Faculty of Natural sciences and mathematics, University of Skopje, Skopje, Macedonia.
authors.forename: Lambe
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Barandovski
authors.affiliation: University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
authors.forename: Alejo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Carballeira
authors.affiliation: Air Pollution & Abatement Strategies, IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Helena
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Danielsson
authors.affiliation: Veterinary and Agrochemical Research Centre CODA-CERVA, Tervuren, Belgium.
authors.forename: Ludwig
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: de Temmermann
authors.affiliation: Władysław Szafer Institute of Botany of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland.
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Godzik
authors.affiliation: Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
authors.forename: Zvonka
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Jeran
authors.affiliation: Air Pollution & Abatement Strategies, IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Gunilla Pihl
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Karlsson
authors.affiliation: University of Tirana, Tirana, Albania.
authors.forename: Pranvera
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lazo
authors.affiliation: National Museum of Natural History, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Sebastien
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Leblond
authors.affiliation: Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Antti-Jussi
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Lindroos
authors.affiliation: Tallinn Botanic Garden, Tallinn, Estonia.
authors.forename: Siiri
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Liiv
authors.affiliation: Icelandic Institute of Natural History, Garðabær, Iceland.
authors.forename: Sigurður H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Magnússon
authors.affiliation: Institute of Landscape Ecology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
authors.forename: Blanka
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Mankovska
authors.affiliation: University of La Rioja, Logroño, Spain.
authors.forename: Javier
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Martínez-Abaigar
authors.affiliation: Natural Resources Institute Finland, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Juha
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Piispanen
authors.affiliation: Natural Resources Institute Finland|, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
authors.forename: Jarmo
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Poikolainen
authors.affiliation: Valahia University of Targoviste, Targoviste, Romania.
authors.forename: Ion V
authors.initials: IV
authors.lastname: Popescu
authors.affiliation: University of Vlora, Vlorë, Albania.
authors.forename: Flora
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Qarri
authors.affiliation: Jesus Miguel Santamaría University of Navarra, Navarra, Spain.
authors.forename: Jesus Miguel
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Santamaria
authors.affiliation: Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
authors.forename: Mitja
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Skudnik
authors.affiliation: OIKON Ltd.-Institute for Applied Ecology, Zagrebs, Croatia.
authors.forename: Zdravko
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Špirić
authors.affiliation: Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, Skopje, Macedonia.
authors.forename: Trajce
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Stafilov
authors.affiliation: Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
authors.forename: Eiliv
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Steinnes
authors.affiliation: University of Vlora, Vlorë, Albania.
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Stihi
authors.affiliation: FUB-Research Group for Environmental Monitoring, Rapperswil, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Lotti
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Thöni
authors.affiliation: Norwegian Institute for Air Research, Kjeller, Norway.
authors.forename: Hilde Thelle
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Uggerud
authors.affiliation: University of Vienna, Wien, Austria.
authors.forename: Harald G
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Zechmeister
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D044002:Bryophyta / Q000737:chemistry*; D017753:Ecosystem; D004787:Environmental Pollution / Q000032:analysis*; D005060:Europe; D019216:Metals, Heavy / Q000032:analysis*; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000032:analysis*; D018570:Risk Assessment
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D019216:Metals, Heavy; D009584:Nitrogen
keywords: Bioaccumulation; Bioindication; Heavy metals; Moss; Nitrogen; Soil