title: Cardioprotective effect of royal jelly on paclitaxel-induced cardio-toxicity in rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Paclitaxel is a potent chemotherapy agent with severe side effects, including allergic reactions, cardiovascular problems, complete hair loss, joint and muscle pain, which may limit its use and lower its efficiency. The cardioprotective effect of royal jelly was investigated on paclitaxel-induced damages.
  
  
  METHODS
  Adult male Wistar rats were divided into control and test groups (n=8). The test group was assigned into five subgroups; 4 groups, along with paclitaxel administration (7.5 mg/kg BW, weekly), received various doses of royal jelly (50, 100, and 150 mg/kg BW) for 28 consecutive days. The last group received only royal jelly at 100 mg/kg. In addition to oxidative and nitrosative stress biomarkers, the creatine kinase (CK-BM) level was also determined. To show the cardioprotective effect of royal jelly on paclitaxel-induced damages, histopathological examinations were conducted.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Royal jelly lowered the paclitaxel-elevated malondialdehyde and nitric oxide levels in the heart. Royal jelly could also remarkably reduce the paclitaxel-induced cardiac biomarker of creatine kinase (CK-BM) level and pathological injuries such as diffused edema, hemorrhage, congestion, hyaline exudates, and necrosis. Moreover, royal jelly administration in a dose-dependent manner resulted in a significant (P<0.05) increase in the paclitaxel-reduced total antioxidant capacity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data suggest that the paclitaxel-induced histopathological and biochemical alterations could be protected by the royal jelly administration. The cardioprotective effect of royal jelly may be related to the suppression of oxidative and nitrosative stress.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Urmia, Iran.
authors.forename: Hassan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Malekinejad
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Urmia, Iran.
authors.forename: Sima
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ahsan
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Urmia, Iran.
authors.forename: Fatemeh
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Delkhosh-Kasmaie
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Tehran University, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Hadi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Cheraghi
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Urmia, Iran.
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rezaei-Golmisheh
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Urmia, Iran.
authors.forename: Hamed
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Janbaz-Acyabar
keywords: Antioxidant; Cardioprotective effect; Paclitaxel; Royal jelly