title: The utility of medico-legal databases for public health research: a systematic review of peer-reviewed publications using the National Coronial Information System.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Medico-legal death investigations are a recognised data source for public health endeavours and its accessibility has increased following the development of electronic data systems. Despite time and cost savings, the strengths and limitations of this method and impact on research findings remain untested. This study examines this issue using the National Coronial Information System (NCIS).
  
  
  METHODS
  PubMed, ProQuest and Informit were searched to identify publications where the NCIS was used as a data source for research published during the period 2000-2014. A descriptive analysis was performed to describe the frequency and characteristics of the publications identified. A content analysis was performed to identify the nature and impact of strengths and limitations of the NCIS as reported by researchers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 106 publications included, 30 reported strengths and limitations, 37 reported limitations only, seven reported strengths only and 32 reported neither. The impact of the reported strengths of the NCIS was described in 14 publications, whilst 46 publications discussed the impacts of limitations. The NCIS was reported to be a reliable source of quality, detailed information with comprehensive coverage of deaths of interest, making it a powerful injury surveillance tool. Despite these strengths, researchers reported that open cases and missing information created the potential for selection and reporting biases and may preclude the identification and control of confounders.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  To ensure research results are valid and inform health policy, it is essential to consider and seek to overcome the limitations of data sources that may have an impact on results.
authors.affiliation: Health Law & Ageing Research Unit, Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, 65 Kavanagh Street, Southbank, 3006, Australia. lyndal.bugeja@monash.edu.|Coroners Court of Victoria, 65 Kavanagh Street, Southbank, Victoria, 3006, Australia. lyndal.bugeja@monash.edu.
authors.forename: Lyndal
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bugeja
authors.affiliation: Health Law & Ageing Research Unit, Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, 65 Kavanagh Street, Southbank, 3006, Australia.
authors.forename: Joseph E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Ibrahim
authors.affiliation: Health Law & Ageing Research Unit, Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, 65 Kavanagh Street, Southbank, 3006, Australia.
authors.forename: Noha
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ferrah
authors.affiliation: Health Law & Ageing Research Unit, Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, 65 Kavanagh Street, Southbank, 3006, Australia.
authors.forename: Briony
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Murphy
authors.affiliation: Health Law & Ageing Research Unit, Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, 65 Kavanagh Street, Southbank, 3006, Australia.|Coroners Court of Victoria, 65 Kavanagh Street, Southbank, Victoria, 3006, Australia.
authors.forename: Melissa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Willoughby
authors.affiliation: Victorian Institute of Forensic Medicine, 65 Kavanagh Street, Southbank, 3006, Australia.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ranson
mesh_terms: D035843:Biomedical Research / Q000379:methods*; D002423:Cause of Death; D003334:Coroners and Medical Examiners / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D000068598:Data Accuracy; D016208:Databases, Factual / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D011634:Public Health; D062486:Public Health Surveillance / Q000379:methods; D015203:Reproducibility of Results
keywords: Coroners and medical examiners; Injury prevention; Mortality surveillance; National Coronial Information System Public health research