title: Topical administration of tranexamic acid in hip arthroplasty.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy of a newly designed topical administration of tranexamic acid (TXA) in reducing post-operative bleeding in total hip arthroplasty (THA) and bipolar hip hemiarthroplasty (BHA).
  
  
  
  A consecutive series of 160 patients who underwent hip arthroplasty was enrolled in this study. Topical administration of TXA was done in group 1 (40 patients underwent THA and 40 BHA). We compared the amount of blood loss and rates of post-operative transfusion in group 1 with those of group 2 (40 cases of THA and 40 cases of BHA) in which TXA solution was not applied.
  
  
  
  The total amount of blood loss in THA group 1 and THA group 2 was 793 ± 50 mL and 1086 ± 73 mL, respectively (p = 0.001). The transfusion rates of THA group 1 and THA group 2 was 27.5 % and 50 %, respectively (p = 0.039). The transfusion rates of BHA group 1 and BHA group 2 was 45 % and 60 %, respectively (p = 0.179). The amounts of blood loss through the drainage tube were 186 ± 22 mL and 257 ± 24 mL in THA group 1 and THA group 2, respectively, and 101 ± 11 mL and 147 ± 16 mL in BHA group 1 and BHA group 2, respectively, showing statistical significance. No complications such as infection, deep vein thrombosis or cardiovascular disease were observed during the hospital stay and the last follow-up.
  
  
  
  Topical administration of TXA is an effective and safe method to reduce post-operative bleeding and transfusion rates in hip arthroplasty.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic Surgery, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon, Korea. kangjoon@inha.ac.kr.|Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inha University Hospital, 27, Inhang-ro, Jung-gu, Incheon, 22332, Korea. kangjoon@inha.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Joon Soon
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic Surgery, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon, Korea.
authors.forename: Kyoung Ho
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Moon
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic Surgery, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon, Korea.
authors.forename: Bom Soo
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic Surgery, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon, Korea.
authors.forename: Seong Jo
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D000287:Administration, Topical; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000933:Antifibrinolytic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D019644:Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D001803:Blood Transfusion / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019106:Postoperative Hemorrhage / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D014148:Tranexamic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D000933:Antifibrinolytic Agents; D014148:Tranexamic Acid
keywords: Hip arthroplasty; Post-operative bleeding; Topical administration; Tranexamic acid