title: Laboratory-based surveillance of pertussis using multitarget real-time PCR in Japan: evidence for Bordetella pertussis infection in preteens and teens.
abstract: Between January 2013 and December 2014, we conducted laboratory-based surveillance of pertussis using multitarget real-time PCR, which discriminates among Bordetella pertussis, Bordetella parapertussis, Bordetella holmesii and Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Of 355 patients clinically diagnosed with pertussis in Japan, B. pertussis, B. parapertussis and M. pneumoniae were detected in 26% (n = 94), 1.1% (n = 4) and 0.6% (n = 2), respectively, whereas B. holmesii was not detected. It was confirmed that B. parapertussis and M. pneumoniae are also responsible for causing pertussis-like illness. The positive rates for B. pertussis ranged from 16% to 49%, depending on age. Infants aged ≤ 3 months had the highest rate (49%), and children aged 1 to 4 years had the lowest rate (16%, p < 0.01 vs. infants aged ≤ 3 months). Persons aged 10 to 14 and 15 to 19 years also showed high positive rates (29% each); the positive rates were not statistically significant compared with that of infants aged ≤ 3 months (p ≥ 0.06). Our observations indicate that similar to infants, preteens and teens are at high risk of B. pertussis infection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Bacteriology II, National Institute of Infectious Disease, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kamachi
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Miyazaki Prefectural Institute for Public Health and Environment, Miyazaki, Japan.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yoshino
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases, Osaka Prefectural Institute of Public Health, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Katsukawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Bacteriology II, National Institute of Infectious Disease, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Otsuka
authors.affiliation: Department of Bacteriology II, National Institute of Infectious Disease, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hiramatsu
authors.affiliation: Department of Bacteriology II, National Institute of Infectious Disease, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shibayama
keywords: Bordetella holmesii; Bordetella parapertussis; Bordetella pertussis; Mycoplasma pneumoniae; pertussis; real-time PCR