title: Biorefineries of carbon dioxide: From carbon capture and storage (CCS) to bioenergies production.
abstract: Greenhouse gas emissions have several adverse environmental effects, like pollution and climate change. Currently applied carbon capture and storage (CCS) methods are not cost effective and have not been proven safe for long term sequestration. Another attractive approach is CO2 valorization, whereby CO2 can be captured in the form of biomass via photosynthesis and is subsequently converted into various form of bioenergy. This article summarizes the current carbon sequestration and utilization technologies, while emphasizing the value of bioconversion of CO2. In particular, CO2 sequestration by terrestrial plants, microalgae and other microorganisms are discussed. Prospects and challenges for CO2 conversion are addressed. The aim of this review is to provide comprehensive knowledge and updated information on the current advances in biological CO2 sequestration and valorization, which are essential if this approach is to achieve environmental sustainability and economic feasibility.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Wai Yan
authors.initials: WY
authors.lastname: Cheah
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Tau Chuan
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Ling
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Advanced Catalysis and Environmental Technology, Monash University Sunway Campus, Malaysia; Nanotechnology & Catalysis Research Centre (NANOCAT), University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Joon Ching
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Juan
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Duu-Jong
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan; Research Center for Energy Technology and Strategy, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan. Electronic address: changjs@mail.ncku.edu.tw.
authors.forename: Jo-Shu
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Jalan Broga, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia; Manufacturing and Industrial Processes Division, Faculty of Engineering, Centre for Food and Bioproduct Processing, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Jalan Broga, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Pau Loke
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Show
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D057005:Bioengineering / Q000639:trends; D056804:Biofuels; D018533:Biomass; D002244:Carbon / Q000378:metabolism*; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D057965:Carbon Sequestration; D057231:Climate Change; D003246:Conservation of Energy Resources / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D058086:Microalgae; D010788:Photosynthesis
chemical_list: D056804:Biofuels; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D002244:Carbon
keywords: Biofuels; CO(2) sequestration; CO(2) valorization; Microalgae; Terrestrial plants