title: The chronic toxicity of bisphenol A to Caenorhabditis elegans after long-term exposure at environmentally relevant concentrations.
abstract: To investigate biological effects of bisphenol A (BPA) over the long term, the model animal Caenorhabditis elegans was used to conduct the chronic exposure. C. elegans were exposed to BPA (0.0001-10 μM) from L4 larvae to day-10 adult in the present chronic toxicity assay system. Multiple endpoints at the physiological (growth, locomotion behaviors and lifespan), biochemical (lipofuscin accumulation), molecular (stress-related genes expressions), and population (population size) levels were examined. At the physiological level, BPA exposure induced significant negative effects on the indicators. Among the endpoints, head thrash was most sensitive and the detection limit was 0.001 μM. At the biochemical level, BPA exposure induced no significant effects on lipofuscin accumulation. At the molecular level, BPA induced strong stress responses in vivo. At the population level, the population size was significantly decreased in the treatment groups from 0.1 to 10 μM. Compared to the previous short-term toxicity evaluation, long-term exposure to BPA induced a more obvious response at the same concentration, and the phenomenon might be due to cumulative toxic effects. By the Pearson correlation analyses, cep-1 was speculated to act as an important role in BPA-induced chronic toxicity on C. elegans.
authors.affiliation: State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China.
authors.forename: Dong
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Research Institute of Wastes and Soil Remediation, Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai 200233, PR China.
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China. Electronic address: huili@ecust.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China.
authors.forename: Changzheng
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.affiliation: Center for Environmental Health Research, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, MEP, Guangzhou 510535, PR China. Electronic address: yuyunjiang@scies.org.
authors.forename: Yunjiang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China.
authors.forename: Yongdi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China. Electronic address: kflin@ecust.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Kuangfei
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds / Q000633:toxicity*; D017173:Caenorhabditis elegans / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D029742:Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000633:toxicity*; D008124:Locomotion / Q000187:drug effects*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D010636:Phenols / Q000633:toxicity*; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds
chemical_list: D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds; D029742:Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins; D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D010636:Phenols; C006780:bisphenol A; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds
keywords: Bisphenol A; Caenorhabditis elegans; Ecotoxicological evaluation; Environmental risks; Long-term exposure