title: High-throughput sequencing of immune repertoires in multiple sclerosis.
abstract: T cells and B cells are crucial in the initiation and maintenance of multiple sclerosis (MS), and the activation of these cells is believed to be mediated through specific recognition of antigens by the T- and B-cell receptors. The antigen receptors are highly polymorphic due to recombination (T- and B-cell receptors) and mutation (B-cell receptors) of the encoding genes, which can therefore be used as fingerprints to track individual T- and B-cell clones. Such studies can shed light on mechanisms driving the immune responses and provide new insights into the pathogenesis. Here, we summarize studies that have explored the T- and B-cell receptor repertoires using earlier methodological approaches, and we focus on how high-throughput sequencing has provided new knowledge by surveying the immune repertoires in MS in even greater detail and with unprecedented depth.
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet Oslo Norway; Department of Neurology Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet Oslo Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine University of Oslo Oslo Norway.
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lossius
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet Oslo Norway.
authors.forename: Jorunn N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Johansen
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet Oslo Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine University of Oslo Oslo Norway.
authors.forename: Frode
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Vartdal
authors.affiliation: Institute of Clinical Medicine University of Oslo Oslo Norway; Department of Neurology Akershus University Hospital Lørenskog Norway.
authors.forename: Trygve
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Holmøy