title: Intracellular Signaling Pathways Involved in Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia; Molecular Targets.
abstract: Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a malignant disease characterized by an uncontrolled proliferation of immature lymphoid cells. ALL is the most common hematologic malignancy in early childhood, and it reaches peak incidence between the ages of 2 and 3 years. The prognosis of ALL is associated with aberrant gene expression, in addition to the presence of numerical or structural chromosomal alterations, age, race, and immunophenotype. The Relapse rate with regard to pharmacological treatment rises in childhood; thus, the expression of biomarkers associated with the activation of cell signaling pathways is crucial to establish the disease prognosis. Intracellular pathways involved in ALL are diverse, including Janus kinase/Signal transducers and transcription activators (JAK-STAT), Phosphoinositide-3-kinase-protein kinase B (PI3K-AKT), Ras mitogen-activated protein kinase (Ras-MAPK), Glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β), Nuclear factor-kappa beta (NF-κB), and Hypoxia-inducible transcription factor 1α (HIF-1α), among others. In this review, we present several therapeutic targets, intracellular pathways, and molecular markers that are being studied extensively at present.
authors.affiliation: Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México (UAEMex), Paseo Tollocan esq. Jesús Carranza, Col. Moderna de la Cruz, 50180 Toluca, Estado de Mexico Mexico.
authors.forename: Cristian Fabián
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Layton Tovar
authors.affiliation: Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México (UAEMex), Paseo Tollocan esq. Jesús Carranza, Col. Moderna de la Cruz, 50180 Toluca, Estado de Mexico Mexico ; Asociación Científica Latina A.C. (ASCILA) and Ciprés Grupo Médico (CGM), Felipe Villanueva sur 1209, Col. Rancho Dolores, 50170 Toluca, Estado de Mexico Mexico.
authors.forename: Hugo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mendieta Zerón
keywords: Acute lymphoblastic leukemia; Biological markers; Signaling pathways; Targets; Therapeutic