title: A prospective study of Trichomonas vaginalis and prostate cancer risk among African American men.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  African Americans (AA) have a higher prevalence of Trichomonas vaginalis (Tv) infection and a higher prostate (PC) risk. Past studies suggest an association between Tv seropositivity and PC, and therefore we prospectively investigated this association among AA men.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Incident PC cases were individually matched to controls in a nested case-control study within the Southern Community Cohort Study (SCCS). Primary analysis included 296 PC cases and 497 race-matched controls. Levels of Tv antibody response were measured by ELISA in serum collected at baseline. Tv antibody response did not significantly differ between cases and controls overall or within AA participants (253 AA cases). There were no significant associations or trends between levels of Tv response and PC risk or the diagnosis of aggressive PC.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We found no evidence of a prospective association between baseline Tv infection and PC risk in AA men. Tv infection in men may have substantial health implications in HIV transmission and reproductive outcomes, but may not impact future PC risk in AA men at high-risk for PC. Further efforts need to define past vs. present Tv infection and to separate pathophysiology from PC detection.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Medicine, Institute of Medicine and Public Health, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2525 West End Ave, 12th floor, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA. Jay.fowke@vanderbilt.edu.|Department of Urologic Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, USA. Jay.fowke@vanderbilt.edu.
authors.forename: Jay H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Fowke
authors.affiliation: International Epidemiology Institute, Rockville, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Xijing
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: School of Molecular Biosciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA.
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Alderete
authors.affiliation: Department of Urologic Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, USA.
authors.forename: Kelvin A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Moses
authors.affiliation: Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Lisa B
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Signorello
authors.affiliation: Departments of Medicine, Institute of Medicine and Public Health, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2525 West End Ave, 12th floor, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.|International Epidemiology Institute, Rockville, MD, USA.
authors.forename: William J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Blot
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D000368:Aged; D000913:Antibodies, Protozoan / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015897:Comorbidity; D006790:Host-Parasite Interactions; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000208:ethnology*; D018570:Risk Assessment / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012307:Risk Factors; D014245:Trichomonas Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000469:parasitology; D014246:Trichomonas vaginalis / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D000913:Antibodies, Protozoan
keywords: Prostate cancer; Race; Trichomonas vaginalis