title: The blood supply to the canine middle ear.
abstract: Current descriptions of the anatomy of the blood supply to the canine middle ear are either incomplete or inconsistent, particularly in regards to the vascular branches in close proximity to the temporomandibular articulation (TMJ). To further investigate this blood supply, dissections (n = 9), corrosion casts (n = 4), and computed tomography (n = 8) of canine temporal regions/ears were performed. The goal of this study was to identify and describe branches of the external carotid and maxillary arteries in close proximity to the TMJ that supply the middle ear of the dog. Specific focus was placed on the constancy and origin of the canine rostral tympanic artery since this artery was anticipated to arise from the maxillary artery and enter a foramen at the medial aspect of the mandibular fossa adjacent to the TMJ. New anatomical variations of three canine arteries are described in this study. (1) The rostral tympanic artery is a branch of the temporomandibular ramus and is accommodated by a small foramen located within a depression medial to the temporomandibular joint. (2) A pharyngeal branch of the caudal deep temporal artery was identified. (3) The origin of the caudal auricular artery occurred opposite the lingual artery in 25.8% of dissected specimens, contrary to published descriptions. Anat Rec, 299:907-917, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
authors.affiliation: Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine, Skip Bertman Drive, Baton Rouge, LA 70803.
authors.forename: Cathryn
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Stevens-Sparks
authors.affiliation: Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine, Skip Bertman Drive, Baton Rouge, LA 70803.
authors.forename: Keith
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Jarrett
authors.affiliation: Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine, Skip Bertman Drive, Baton Rouge, LA 70803.
authors.forename: Margaret A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: McNulty
authors.affiliation: Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine, Skip Bertman Drive, Baton Rouge, LA 70803.
authors.forename: George M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Strain
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004285:Dogs; D004432:Ear, Middle / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000098:blood supply / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D008438:Maxillary Artery / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D013704:Temporomandibular Joint / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D055114:X-Ray Microtomography / Q000379:methods*
keywords: caudal auricular artery; caudal deep temporal artery branches; dog; rostral tympanic artery