title: Characterization of cold-induced remodelling reveals depot-specific differences across and within brown and white adipose tissues in mice.
abstract: Brown and beige adipose tissues dissipate energy in the form of heat via mitochondrial uncoupling protein 1, defending against hypothermia and potentially obesity. The latter has prompted renewed interest in understanding the processes involved in browning to realize the potential therapeutic benefits. To characterize the temporal profile of cold-induced changes and browning of brown and white adipose tissues in mice.
  
  
  
  Male C57BL/6J mice were singly housed in conventional cages under cold exposure (4 °C) for 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7 days. Food intake and body weight were measured daily. Interscapular brown adipose tissue (iBAT), inguinal subcutaneous (sWAT) and epididymal white adipose tissue (eWAT) were harvested for histological, immunohistochemical, gene and protein expression analysis.
  
  
  
  Upon cold exposure, food intake increased, whilst body weight and adipocyte size were found to be transiently reduced. iBAT mass was found to be increased, whilst sWAT and eWAT were found to be transiently decreased. A combination of morphological, genetic (Ucp-1, Pgc-1α and Elov13) and biochemical (UCP-1, PPARγ and aP2) analyses demonstrated the depot-specific remodelling in response to cold exposure.
  
  
  
  Our results demonstrate the differential responses to cold-induced changes across discrete BAT and WAT depots and support the notion that the effects of short-term cold exposure are achieved by expansion, activation and increasing thermogenic capacity of iBAT, as well as browning of sWAT and, to a lesser extent, eWAT.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China.|Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education of China, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.|Department of Prosthodontics, College of Stomatology, Stomatological Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jia
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China.
authors.forename: X-Q
authors.initials: XQ
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China.|Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education of China, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
authors.forename: C-X
authors.initials: CX
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China.|Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education of China, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Qiao
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China.|Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education of China, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China.|Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education of China, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.affiliation: Mater Research Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.|Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Barclay
authors.affiliation: Mater Research Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.|Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Whitehead
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China.|Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education of China, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China.|Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education of China, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
authors.forename: J-Q
authors.initials: JQ
authors.lastname: Yan
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological / Q000502:physiology; D017667:Adipocytes / Q000648:ultrastructure; D002001:Adipose Tissue, Brown / Q000502:physiology*; D052436:Adipose Tissue, White / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D001835:Body Weight / Q000502:physiology; D003080:Cold Temperature; D004435:Eating / Q000502:physiology; D004822:Epididymis / Q000378:metabolism; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D050151:Subcutaneous Fat / Q000502:physiology; D022722:Thermogenesis
keywords: beige cells; brown adipose tissue; cold exposure; time course; uncoupling protein 1