title: Prevalence of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender among Japanese university students: a single institution survey.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To elucidate the prevalence of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) among Japanese youth, we conducted a survey research that targeted university students.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants were first-year students (n=1597) at Ibaraki University, Japan (Phase 1 study) or second- to fourth-year students (n=944) at the university who were randomly preferred in the survey (Phase 2 study). Surveys measured gender identity and sexual orientation, partly using the gender identity scale (GIS).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of LGBT youth among university students were 2.7%, 0.5%, 5.3%, and 0.8% (Phase 1 study) or 1.4% (Phase 2 study), respectively. The GIS scores of the transgender group were significantly lower than those of the female, male, and LGB groups (p<0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is the first to clarify the prevalence of LGBT among youth in Japan. It has been suggested that such individuals in Japan, as in other countries, are at risk for physical and mental health concerns, thereby necessitating social and medical intervention. Further investigation in these areas will be needed.
authors.affiliation: .
authors.forename: Nasa
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ikuta
authors.affiliation: .
authors.forename: Yuji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Koike
authors.affiliation: .
authors.forename: Naoko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Aoyagi
authors.affiliation: .
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Matsuzaka
authors.affiliation: .
authors.forename: Yasuko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fuse-Nagase
authors.affiliation: .
authors.forename: Kazuhiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kogawa
authors.affiliation: .
authors.forename: Toshiyuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takizawa
keywords: gender identity; scale; sexual orientation