title: The cognitive impairments and psychological wellbeing of methamphetamine dependent patients compared with health controls.
abstract: Chronic methamphetamine (MA) use is associated with cognitive impairment and psychopathological symptoms. This longitudinal study aims to examine the cognitive function of MA addicts during periods of abstinence.
  
  
  
  Fifty-four MA dependent individuals and 58 healthy controls (HC) completed the psychological wellbeing scales and the CogState Battery that evaluated seven cognitive domains. During approximately 6-month abstinence, the subjects completed the CogState battery twice at the interval of 3months.
  
  
  
  In the tasks of verbal memory, social emotional cognition, and spatial working memory, working memory, and problem solving the MA group performed worse than the HC group (P<0.05). After 6-month abstinence, impaired verbal memory, social emotion, and problem solving were improved in the MA group (P<0.01). Furthermore, the MA group showed lower scores in batteries of social adaptation (t=3.13, P=0.002) and quality of life (t=3.70, P<0.001) than the HC group, and 83.3% MA addicts displayed various psychiatric symptoms before study entry.
  
  
  
  Chronic MA addicts exhibited impairment of some CogState battery domains and poor psychological wellbeing, and that some of these subdomains were recoverable on abstinence. Therefore, improved cognitive function should be considered an important component in the treatment of MA dependence.
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Na
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Zhong
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Haifeng
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Jiang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Du
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Haiming
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Compulsory Drug Dependence Treatment Center, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Ding
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Chuanwei
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Wenxu
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhuang
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Xu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Chiba University Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba, Japan. Electronic address: hashimoto@faculty.chiba-u.jp.
authors.forename: Kenji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hashimoto
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China. Electronic address: drminzhao@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhao
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D019969:Amphetamine-Related Disorders / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D060825:Cognitive Dysfunction / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008694:Methamphetamine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales
chemical_list: D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants; D008694:Methamphetamine
keywords: Addiction; Cognitive function; Longitudinal; Methamphetamine; Psychological wellbeing