title: A novel β-carotene-associated carrot (Daucus carota L.) pectic polysaccharide.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Carrot (Daucus carota L.) is a nutritional source with enriched β-carotene (0.01%) and pectins (0.8%). Although studies have highlighted the association between β-carotene and carrot pectic polysaccharide (CRPP), the precise binding of β-carotene to CRPP and its biological implications were not yet clearly understood. The aim of the present study is to report for the first time a natural carbohydrate polymer-CRPP-with associated β-carotene.
  
  
  METHODS
  The presence of β-carotene in CRPP and its binding is demonstrated by various studies including differential extraction followed by liquid chromatography (LC), liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC MS), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Further, we show the binding via its release from CRPP using LC, fermentation studies and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) studies. The role of β-carotene in induction of apoptosis and the galactic-3 inhibitory property was also studied.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The presence of β-carotene in CRPP was demonstrated, as well as an association between β-carotene and CRPP, apoptotic and galectin-3 inhibitory properties of CRPP, and upregulation of connexin 43 by CRPP.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The data highlights that with the combination of β-carotene with CRPP, the prooxidant effect of β-carotene may be reduced, an apoptotic effect may be enhanced, and the anticancer potential of CRPP thus may be strengthened via galectin-3 inhibition.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Central Food Technological Research Institute (Council of Scientific & Industrial Research), Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: Sindhuja H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Natarajmurthy
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Central Food Technological Research Institute (Council of Scientific & Industrial Research), Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: Marjan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Askari
authors.affiliation: Department of Spice and Flavour Science, Central Food Technological Research Institute (Council of Scientific & Industrial Research), Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: Srinivas
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pullabhatla
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Central Food Technological Research Institute (Council of Scientific & Industrial Research), Karnataka, India. Electronic address: Cancerbiolab@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Shylaja M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Dharmesh
mesh_terms: D001682:Biological Availability; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D018552:Daucus carota / Q000737:chemistry*; D010368:Pectins / Q000032:analysis*; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000032:analysis*; D000072664:Provitamins / Q000032:analysis*; D019207:beta Carotene / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D011134:Polysaccharides; D000072664:Provitamins; D019207:beta Carotene; D010368:Pectins
keywords: Bioavailability; Connexin 43; Daucus carota L.; HPLC; Pectic polysaccharide; β-carotene