title: Targeting the tumor microenvironment: removing obstruction to anticancer immune responses and immunotherapy.
abstract: The tumor microenvironment (TME) is an integral part of cancer. Recognition of the essential nature of the TME in cancer evolution has led to a shift from a tumor cell-centered view of cancer development to the concept of a complex tumor ecosystem that supports tumor growth and metastatic dissemination. Accordingly, novel targets within the TME have been uncovered that can help direct and improve the actions of various cancer therapies, notably immunotherapies that work by potentiating host antitumor immune responses. Here, we review the composition of the TME, how this attenuates immunosurveillance, and discuss existing and potential strategies aimed at targeting cellular and molecular TME components.
authors.affiliation: Institut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus (GRCC), Villejuif INSERM Unit U1015, Villejuif Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin Bicêtre Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif Cedex.
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Pitt
authors.affiliation: Institut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus (GRCC), Villejuif INSERM Unit U1015, Villejuif INSERM Unit U981, Villejuif.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Marabelle
authors.affiliation: Institut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus (GRCC), Villejuif.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Eggermont
authors.affiliation: Institut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus (GRCC), Villejuif Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin Bicêtre INSERM Unit U981, Villejuif Drug Development Department (DITEP), Villejuif.
authors.forename: J-C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Soria
authors.affiliation: INSERM U848, Villejuif Metabolomics Platform, GRCC, Villejuif Equipe 11 labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM U 1138, Paris Pôle de Biologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kroemer
authors.affiliation: Institut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus (GRCC), Villejuif INSERM Unit U1015, Villejuif Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin Bicêtre INSERM Unit U932, Institut Curie, Paris Cedex 05 Center of Clinical Investigations in Biotherapies of Cancer (CICBT) 507, Villejuif, France laurence.zitvogel@gustaveroussy.fr.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zitvogel
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D007111:Immunity, Cellular; D007167:Immunotherapy; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D059016:Tumor Microenvironment / Q000187:drug effects*
keywords: angiogenesis; anticancer therapy; cancer; immunosuppression; immunotherapy; tumor microenvironment