title: The Memory Binding Test: Development of Two Alternate Forms into Spanish and Catalan.
abstract: The Memory Binding Test (MBT) is emerging as a promising tool for the detection of subtle memory impairment suggestive of Alzheimer's disease (AD). For such a test to be widely accessed and used, the availability of both alternate forms and language adaptations is required.
  
  
  
  To develop a thorough methodology for obtaining alternate forms (A and B) of the MBT in Spanish and Catalan and to assess their equivalence.
  
  
  
  According to the original development of the test, frequency was taken as the lexical variable of reference for the Spanish and Catalan adaptations. A crossed design protocol by form and language was used to compare the MBT results in a sample of 290 cognitively normal middle-aged participants. Pairwise Intraclass Correlation Coefficients (ICCs) were calculated among the six possible combinations.
  
  
  
  The Spanish and Catalan lists of words for the MBT A and B resulting from the adaptation process as well as the original lists in English are presented. ICC indices for the comparisons between forms and languages ranged from 0.56 to 0.82.
  
  
  
  The MBT A and B in Spanish and Catalan showed similar outcomes and can be considered equivalent. Moreover, the thorough methodology presented here for the transcultural adaptation and equivalence study, could serve as a model for future adaptations of the MBT and other verbal tests.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Research Program, Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center, Pasqual Maragall Foundation, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Nina
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Gramunt
authors.affiliation: Clinical Research Program, Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center, Pasqual Maragall Foundation, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Gonzalo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sánchez-Benavides
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Herman
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Buschke
authors.affiliation: Department of General Linguistics, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Faustino
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Diéguez-Vide
authors.affiliation: Department of Behavioral Neurology, Service of Neurology, Hospital del Mar, Parc Salut Mar, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Jordi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Peña-Casanova
authors.affiliation: SAIL Statistics, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Xavier
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Masramon
authors.affiliation: Clinical Research Program, Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center, Pasqual Maragall Foundation, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Karine
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fauria
authors.affiliation: Clinical Research Program, Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center, Pasqual Maragall Foundation, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Juan D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Gispert
authors.affiliation: Clinical Research Program, Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center, Pasqual Maragall Foundation, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: José L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Molinuevo
mesh_terms: D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007802:Language; D007858:Learning; D008297:Male; D008569:Memory Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis*; D011939:Mental Recall; D008609:Mental Status Schedule; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D011897:Random Allocation; D013030:Spain; D014177:Translations
keywords: Alzheimer–s disease; cognition; episodic memory; neuropsychological assessment; preclinical; psycholinguistics