title: Pan-genome analysis of Aeromonas hydrophila, Aeromonas veronii and Aeromonas caviae indicates phylogenomic diversity and greater pathogenic potential for Aeromonas hydrophila.
abstract: Aeromonas species are important pathogens of fishes and aquatic animals capable of infecting humans and other animals via food. Due to the paucity of pan-genomic studies on aeromonads, the present study was undertaken to analyse the pan-genome of three clinically important Aeromonas species (A. hydrophila, A. veronii, A. caviae). Results of pan-genome analysis revealed an open pan-genome for all three species with pan-genome sizes of 9181, 7214 and 6884 genes for A. hydrophila, A. veronii and A. caviae, respectively. Core-genome: pan-genome ratio (RCP) indicated greater genomic diversity for A. hydrophila and interestingly RCP emerged as an effective indicator to gauge genomic diversity which could possibly be extended to other organisms too. Phylogenomic network analysis highlighted the influence of homologous recombination and lateral gene transfer in the evolution of Aeromonas spp. Prediction of virulence factors indicated no significant difference among the three species though analysis of pathogenic potential and acquired antimicrobial resistance genes revealed greater hazards from A. hydrophila. In conclusion, the present study highlighted the usefulness of whole genome analyses to infer evolutionary cues for Aeromonas species which indicated considerable phylogenomic diversity for A. hydrophila and hitherto unknown genomic evidence for pathogenic potential of A. hydrophila compared to A. veronii and A. caviae.
authors.affiliation: Division of Animal Health, ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Umiam, Meghalaya, 793103, India. ghataksnd@rediffmail.com.
authors.forename: Sandeep
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ghatak
authors.affiliation: Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, 35392, Giessen, Germany.
authors.forename: Jochen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Blom
authors.affiliation: Division of Animal Health, ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Umiam, Meghalaya, 793103, India.
authors.forename: Samir
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Das
authors.affiliation: Division of Animal Health, ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Umiam, Meghalaya, 793103, India.
authors.forename: Rajkumari
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sanjukta
authors.affiliation: Division of Animal Health, ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Umiam, Meghalaya, 793103, India.
authors.forename: Kekungu
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Puro
authors.affiliation: Nazareth Hospital, Laitumukhrah, Shillong, Meghalaya, India.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mawlong
authors.affiliation: Division of Animal Health, ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Umiam, Meghalaya, 793103, India.
authors.forename: Ingudam
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Shakuntala
authors.affiliation: Division of Animal Health, ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Umiam, Meghalaya, 793103, India.
authors.forename: Arnab
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sen
authors.affiliation: Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, 35392, Giessen, Germany.
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Goesmann
authors.affiliation: Division of Veterinary Public Health, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243122, India.
authors.forename: Ashok
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.affiliation: ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Umiam, Meghalaya, 793103, India.
authors.forename: S V
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Ngachan
mesh_terms: D057585:Aeromonas caviae / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics* / Q000472:pathogenicity; D016980:Aeromonas hydrophila / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics* / Q000472:pathogenicity; D000070079:Aeromonas veronii / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics* / Q000472:pathogenicity; D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D004352:Drug Resistance, Microbial; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D022761:Gene Transfer, Horizontal; D014644:Genetic Variation; D016680:Genome, Bacterial; D005838:Genotype; D059765:Homologous Recombination; D006801:Humans; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D010802:Phylogeny; D014774:Virulence / Q000235:genetics; D037521:Virulence Factors / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D037521:Virulence Factors
keywords: Aeromonas; Antimicrobial resistance; Pan-genome; Phylogeny; Recombination; Virulence