title: Accuracy and Precision of Noninvasive Blood Pressure in Normo-, Hyper-, and Hypotensive Standing and Anesthetized Adult Horses.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Blood pressure is relevant to the diagnosis and management of many medical, cardiovascular and critical diseases. The accuracy of many commonly used noninvasive blood pressure (NIBP) monitors and the accuracy of NIBP measurements in hypo- and hypertensive standing horses has not been determined.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was to investigate the accuracy of an oscillometric BP monitor in standing horses before and during pharmacologically induced hyper- and hypotension and to compare results in standing and anesthetized horses.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eight standing mares from a research herd (SG) and eight anesthetized horses from a hospital population (AG).
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective experimental and observational studies. Invasive blood pressure (IBP) and NIBP, corrected to heart level, were measured simultaneously. In the SG hyper- and hypotension were induced by administration of phenylephrine (3 μg/kg/min IV for 15 minutes) and acepromazine (0.05 mg/kg IV), respectively. In the AG NIBP and IBP were recorded during regular hospital procedures.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was a significant correlation between mean NIBP and IBP in standing (R = 0.88, P < .001) and anesthetized horses (R = 0.81, P < .001). The mean bias (lower, upper limit of agreement) was 16.4(-16.1, 48.9) mmHg for mean BP in the SG and 0.5(-22.3, 23.2) mmHg in the AG. The NIBP device was capable of identifying the increase and decrease in BP in all horses, but in the SG significant correlation between NIBP and IBP was only detected for the normotensive phase.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  While the evaluated oscillometric BP device allowed estimation of BP and adequately differentiated marked trends, the accuracy and precision were low in standing horses.
authors.affiliation: Swiss Institute of Equine Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, School of Veterinary Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern and Agroscope, Bern, Switzerland.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Heliczer
authors.affiliation: Swiss Institute of Equine Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, School of Veterinary Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern and Agroscope, Bern, Switzerland.
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Lorello
authors.affiliation: Anaesthesia Division, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern and Agroscope, Bern, Switzerland.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Casoni
authors.affiliation: Swiss Institute of Equine Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, School of Veterinary Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern and Agroscope, Bern, Switzerland.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Navas de Solis
mesh_terms: D000075:Acepromazine; D000758:Anesthesia / Q000662:veterinary*; D000818:Animals; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D001795:Blood Pressure Determination / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D005260:Female; D006736:Horses / Q000502:physiology*; D006973:Hypertension / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007022:Hypotension / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D009991:Oscillometry / Q000662:veterinary; D010656:Phenylephrine
chemical_list: D010656:Phenylephrine; D000075:Acepromazine
keywords: Acepromazine; Equine; Hypertension; Hypotension; Oscillometric; Phenylephrine