title: Wilderness Medical Society Practice Guidelines for the Prevention and Treatment of Drowning.
abstract: The Wilderness Medical Society convened a panel to review available evidence supporting practices for the prevention and acute management of drowning in out-of-hospital and emergency medical care settings. Literature about definition and terminology, epidemiology, rescue, resuscitation, acute clinical management, disposition, and drowning prevention was reviewed. The panel graded evidence supporting practices according to the American College of Chest Physicians criteria, then made recommendations based on that evidence. Recommendations were based on the panel's collective clinical experience and judgment when published evidence was lacking.
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine-Jacksonville, Jacksonville, FL (Dr Schmidt). Electronic address: andrew.schmidt@jax.ufl.edu.
authors.forename: Andrew C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Schmidt
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC (Dr Sempsrott).
authors.forename: Justin R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Sempsrott
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC (Dr Hawkins).
authors.forename: Seth C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Hawkins
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA (Dr Arastu).
authors.forename: Ali S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Arastu
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Colorado Hospital, Aurora, CO (Dr Cushing).
authors.forename: Tracy A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Cushing
authors.affiliation: Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA (Dr Auerbach).
authors.forename: Paul S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Auerbach
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004332:Drowning / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006801:Humans; D007036:Hypothermia, Induced; D018635:Rescue Work; D012121:Respiration, Artificial; D012151:Resuscitation / Q000379:methods*; D012955:Societies, Medical; D013550:Swimming; D055813:Wilderness Medicine
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents
keywords: cold water submersion; drowning; hypothermia; immersion; submersion