title: Three-Dimensional Printing of Tissue/Organ Analogues Containing Living Cells.
abstract: The technical advances of three-dimensional (3D) printing in the field of tissue engineering have enabled the creation of 3D living tissue/organ analogues. Diverse 3D tissue/organ printing techniques with computer-aided systems have been developed and used to dispose living cells together with biomaterials and supporting biochemicals as pre-designed 3D tissue/organ models. Furthermore, recent advances in bio-inks, which are printable hydrogels with living cell encapsulation, have greatly enhanced the versatility of 3D tissue/organ printing. Here, we introduce 3D tissue/organ printing techniques and biomaterials that have been developed and widely used thus far. We also review a variety of applications in an attempt to repair or replace the damaged or defective tissue/organ, and develop the in vitro tissue/organ models. The potential challenges are finally discussed from the technical perspective of 3D tissue/organ printing.
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 790-784, Korea.
authors.forename: Jeong Hun
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 790-784, Korea.
authors.forename: Jinah
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jang
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 790-784, Korea.
authors.forename: Jung-Seob
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 790-784, Korea. dwcho@postech.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Dong-Woo
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Cho
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001187:Artificial Organs; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry*; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D006801:Humans; D066330:Printing, Three-Dimensional; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials
keywords: 3D in vitro tissue/organ models; 3D tissue/organ analogues; 3D tissue/organ printing; Bio-inks; Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine