title: Methodology for Intraoperative Laser Doppler Vibrometry Measurements of Ossicular Chain Reconstruction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Despite the increasing number of research concerning the applications of the Laser Doppler Vibrometry (LDV) in medicine, its usefulness is still under discussion. The aim of this study is to present a methodology developed in our Department for the LDV intraoperative assessment of ossicular chain reconstruction.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten patients who underwent "second look" tympanoplasty were involved in the study. The measurements of the acoustic conductivity of the middle ear were performed using the LDV system. Tone bursts with carrier frequencies of 500, 1,000, 2,000, and 4,000 Hz set in motion the ossicular chain. The study was divided into four experiments that examined the intra- and interindividual reproducibility, the utility of the posterior tympanotomy, the impact of changes in the laser beam angle, and the influence of reflective tape presence on measurements.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no statistically significant differences between the two measurements performed in the same patient. However, interindividual differences were significant. In all cases, posterior tympanotomy proved to be useful for LDV measurements of the ossicular prosthesis vibrations. In most cases, changing the laser beam angle decreased signal amplitude about 1.5% (not significant change). The reflective tape was necessary to achieve adequate reflection of the laser beam.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  LDV showed to be a valuable noncontact intraoperative tool for measurements of the middle ear conductive system mobility with a very good intraindividual repeatability. Neither a small change in the angle of the laser beam nor performing the measurements through posterior tympanotomy showed a significant influence on the results. Reflective tape was necessary to obtain good quality responses in LDV measurements.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Jacek
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sokołowski
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Magdalena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lachowska
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bartoszewicz
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Kazimierz
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Niemczyk
keywords: Ear, Middle; Hearing Loss, Conductive; Ossicular Prosthesis; Otitis Media; Tympanoplasty