title: Therapeutic Potentials of Triterpenes in Diabetes and its Associated Complications.
abstract: Diabetes is a major chronic metabolic disorder globally and around of 285 million people are affected by the disease and the number is expected to double in the next two decades. The major focus of anti-diabetic therapies is to enhance insulin production, sensitivity and/or reduce the blood glucose level. Although several synthetic drugs have been developed as antidiabetic agents but their utility has been hampered due to their side effects and poor efficacy. In this scenario, research on natural products has been gained importance due their safety profile in toxicity studies. Terpenoids belong to an important class of natural products and several terpenoids have been reported as antidiabetic agents. Some of them are under various stages of pre-clinical and clinical evaluation to develop them as antidiabetic agents. These agents can inhibit enzymes responsible for the development of insulin resistance, normalization of plasma glucose and insulin levels and glucose metabolism. Triterpenes can act as promising agents in the treatment of diabetic retinopathy, neuropathy and nephropathy or in impaired wound healing by inhibiting several pathways involved in the diabetes and associated complications. However, efforts in understanding the biological actions and clinical studies involving the applications of triterpenes in treating diabetes are very limited. Hence, special attention is imperative to explore the therapeutic potential of these compounds and provide new information to the scientific community. This review aims to provide the recent advances in triterpenes chemistry, its derivatives, biological interventions and its therapeutic applications with special emphasis on diabetes and its associated disorders.
authors.forename: Swathi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Putta
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, GITAM University, Visakhapatnam-530 045, Andhra Pradesh, India. sastryyn@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Nagendra Sastry
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Yarla
authors.forename: Eswar Kumar
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Kilari
authors.forename: Challa
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Surekha
authors.forename: Gjumrakch
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Aliev
authors.forename: Madhihalli Basavaraju
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Divakara
authors.forename: Mysore Sridhar
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Santosh
authors.forename: Ramith
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ramu
authors.forename: Farhan
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zameer
authors.forename: Nagendra Prasad
authors.initials: NP
authors.lastname: Mn
authors.forename: Ramakrishna
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Chintala
authors.forename: Pidugu Vijaya
authors.initials: PV
authors.lastname: Rao
authors.forename: Yallappa
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shiralgi
authors.affiliation: Toxinology/Toxicology and Drug Discovery Unit, Center for Emerging Technologies, Jain Global Campus, Jain University, Ramanagara-562 112, Karnataka, India. chandu_greeshma@rediffmail.com.
authors.forename: Bhadrapura Lakkappa
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Dhananjaya
mesh_terms: D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010946:Plants, Medicinal / Q000737:chemistry; D014315:Triterpenes / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D014315:Triterpenes