title: Effect of gemcitabine on the uptake of (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose and (18)F-fluorothymidine in lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells and the animal tumor model.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Gemcitabine is the first-line drug for nonsmall cell lung cancer, and 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose. (18F-FDG) and 18F-fluorothymidine. (18F-FLT) are positron emission tomography. (PET) imaging agents. The aim of this study was to explore the effect of gemcitabine on the uptake of 18F-FDG and 18F-FLT in A549 cells and the animal tumor model.
  
  
  METHODS
  The inhibitory effects of gemcitabine on cell growth were determined by tetrazolium blue method, and uptake rates of 18F-FDG and 18F-FLT were determined under the same conditions. The adenocarcinoma-bearing nude mice before and after gemcitabine treatments were performed microPET imaging with 18F-FDG and 18F-FLT. Hematoxylin and eosin staining and immunohistochemical analysis of tumor specimens were conducted.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After the administration of gemcitabine, positive correlations were observed between inhibition of 18F-FDG or 18F.FLT uptake and cell growth. (r = 0.957 or 0.981, P < 0.01). SUVmax values by 18F-FDG in the tumor, before and after administration of gemcitabine at the dose of 60 mmol/L, revealed an increase by. (35.83 ± 10.58) %. After administration of 120 mmol/L gemcitabine, the SUVmax values decreased by (12.37 ± 7.33) %. The SUVmax values by 18F-FLT at the dose of 60 mmol/L gemcitabine revealed a decrease by (56.47 ± 10.83) %. Pathological staining showed obvious vasodilation and invasion of lymphocytes and plasma cells at the dose of 60 mmol/L, and the expression of glucose transporter protein-1, Ki-67 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen in tumor cells were inhibited.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  18F-FLT imaging can assess the proliferation of tumor cells and 18F-FDG imaging can reflect the changes of the tumor microenvironment after administration of gemcitabine.
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Sheng-Ming
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Deng
authors.forename: Ling-Chuan
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Jia-Jia
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.forename: Yan-Bo
authors.initials: YB
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Yuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu, China.
authors.forename: Zhen-Xin
authors.initials: ZX
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: William C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Cho
mesh_terms: D000072283:A549 Cells; D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D000077192:Adenocarcinoma of Lung; D000818:Animals; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D003841:Deoxycytidine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18 / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D051379:Mice; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism; D023041:Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays; D000093542:Gemcitabine
chemical_list: D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D003841:Deoxycytidine; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; D000093542:Gemcitabine