title: Antifungal Drugs for Onychomycosis: Efficacy, Safety, and Mechanisms of Action.
abstract: In 1996, oral terbinafine joined itraconazole and fluconazole on the short list of systemic medications that could be used to treat onychomycosis (although fluconazole was not approved for this indication by the US Food and Drug Administration [FDA], it was commonly used for this purpose). In 1999, ciclopirox was the first topical treatment to be FDA approved. The addition of the topical antifungal agents efinaconazole and tavaborole in 2014 expanded the roster of medications available to more effectively manage onychomycosis in a wide range of patients, including those for whom comorbid conditions, concomitant medications, or patient preference limited the use of systemic antifungals.
authors.affiliation: Professor of Dermatology Baylor College of Medicine Houston, Texas.
authors.forename: Theodore
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Rosen
authors.affiliation: Director of Dermatology Research Henry Ford Health System Detroit, Michigan.
authors.forename: Linda F
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Stein Gold
mesh_terms: D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D000284:Administration, Oral; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001896:Boron Compounds / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019086:Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000077768:Ciclopirox; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D017326:Clinical Trials, Phase III as Topic; D015725:Fluconazole / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005533:Foot Dermatoses / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D017964:Itraconazole / Q000627:therapeutic use; D009281:Naphthalenes / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014009:Onychomycosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D011728:Pyridones / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000077291:Terbinafine; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014230:Triazoles / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents; D001896:Boron Compounds; D019086:Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic; D009281:Naphthalenes; D011728:Pyridones; D014230:Triazoles; D000077768:Ciclopirox; D017964:Itraconazole; D015725:Fluconazole; D000077291:Terbinafine; C431707:efinaconazole; C512998:tavaborole
keywords: Candidiasis; ciclopirox; dermatophytosis; efinaconazole; fluconazole; itraconazole; onychomycosis; tavaborole; terbinafine