title: Mechanisms of Tenebrescence and Persistent Luminescence in Synthetic Hackmanite Na8Al6Si6O24(Cl,S)2.
abstract: Synthetic hackmanites, Na8Al6Si6O24(Cl,S)2, showing efficient purple tenebrescence and blue/white persistent luminescence were studied using different spectroscopic techniques to obtain a quantified view on the storage and release of optical energy in these materials. The persistent luminescence emitter was identified as impurity Ti(3+) originating from the precursor materials used in the synthesis, and the energy storage for persistent luminescence was postulated to take place in oxygen vacancies within the aluminosilicate framework. Tenebrescence, on the other hand, was observed to function within the Na4(Cl,S) entities located in the cavities of the aluminosilicate framework. The mechanism of persistent luminescence and tenebrescence in hackmanite is presented for the first time.
authors.forename: Isabella
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Norrbo
authors.affiliation: Institute of Low Temperature and Structure Research Polish Academy of Sciences , PL-50422 Wroclaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Pawel
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gluchowski
authors.forename: Iko
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Hyppänen
authors.affiliation: Doctoral Programme in Physical and Chemical Sciences, University of Turku Graduate School (UTUGS) , FI-20014 Turku, Finland.
authors.forename: Tero
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Laihinen
authors.forename: Pekka
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Laukkanen
authors.affiliation: Doctoral Programme in Physical and Chemical Sciences, University of Turku Graduate School (UTUGS) , FI-20014 Turku, Finland.
authors.forename: Jaakko
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mäkelä
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Molecular Biomimetics, Uppsala University , SE-75120 Uppsala, Sweden.
authors.forename: Fikret
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Mamedov
authors.affiliation: Doctoral Programme in Physical and Chemical Sciences, University of Turku Graduate School (UTUGS) , FI-20014 Turku, Finland.
authors.forename: Hellen S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.forename: Jari
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sinkkonen
authors.affiliation: Doctoral Programme in Physical and Chemical Sciences, University of Turku Graduate School (UTUGS) , FI-20014 Turku, Finland.
authors.forename: Minnea
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tuomisto
authors.forename: Antti
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Viinikanoja
authors.forename: Mika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lastusaari
keywords: EPR; NMR; XPS; hackmanite; markers; persistent luminescence; photochromism; sodalite; tenebresence