title: Macular Structure and Function in Nonhuman Primate Experimental Glaucoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate structure and function of macular retinal layers in nonhuman primate (NHP) experimental glaucoma (EG).
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-one NHP had longitudinal imaging of macular structure by SDOCT, 16 also had recordings of function by multifocal ERG. The average thickness over 15° was derived for seven individual SDOCT layers: macular nerve fiber layer (m-NFL), retinal ganglion cell layer (RGCL), inner plexiform layer (IPL), inner nuclear layer (INL), outer plexiform layer (OPL), outer nuclear layer+inner segments combined (ONL+IS), and outer segments (OS). Peripapillary RNFL thickness (ppRNFLT) was measured from a single circular B-scan with 12° diameter. Responses to a slow-sequence multifocal ERG (mfERG) stimulus (7F) were filtered (at 75 Hz) into low- and high-frequency components (LFC, HFC).
  
  
  RESULTS
  At final follow-up, significant structural loss occurred only in EG eyes and only for ppRNFLT (-29 ± 23%), m-NFL (-17 ± 16%), RGCL (-22 ± 15%), and IPL (-19 ± 14%); though there was also a small increase in OPL (+6 ± 7%) and ONL+IS (4 ± 4%) and a similar tendency for INL. Macular structural loss was correlated with ppRNFLT only for the NFL, RGCL and IPL (R = 0.95, 0.93 and 0.95, respectively, P < 0.0001). Significant functional loss occurred only for HFC and N2 in EG eyes. Significant longitudinal structure-function correlations (P < 0.01) were observed only in EG eyes and only for mfERG HFC and N2: HFC was correlated with ppRNFLT (R = 0.69), macular NFL (R = 0.67), RGCL (R = 0.74), and IPL (R = 0.72); N2 was correlated with RGCL (R = 0.54) and IPL (R = 0.48). High-frequency components amplitude change was inversely correlated with outer retinal thickness change (= -0.66).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Macular structural and functional losses are correlated and specific to ganglion cells over a wide range of EG severity. Outer retinal changes are likely due to inner retinal loss.
authors.forename: Laura J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Wilsey
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Reynaud
authors.forename: Grant
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cull
authors.forename: Claude F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Burgoyne
authors.forename: Brad
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Fortune
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004596:Electroretinography; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005901:Glaucoma / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008253:Macaca mulatta; D008266:Macula Lutea / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D012165:Retinal Ganglion Cells / Q000473:pathology*; D041623:Tomography, Optical Coherence / Q000379:methods*