title: Genetic analysis of human rotavirus C: The appearance of Indian-Bangladeshi strain in Far East Asian countries.
abstract: Rotaviruses C (RVCs) circulate worldwide as an enteric pathogen in both humans and animals. Most studies of their genetic diversity focus on the VP7 and VP4 genes, but the complete genomes of 18 human RVCs have been described in independent studies. The genetic background of the Far East Asian RVCs is different than other human RVCs that were found in India and Bangladesh. Recently, a RVC detected in 2010 in South Korea had genetic background similar to the Indian-Bangladeshi RVCs. This study was undertaken to determine the whole genome of eight Japanese RVCs detected in 2005-2012, and to compare them with other human and animal global RVCs to better understand the genetic background of contemporary Far East Asian RVC. By phylogenetic analysis, the human RVCs appeared to be distinct from animal RVCs. Among human RVCs, three lineage constellations had prolonged circulation. The genetic background of the Far East Asian RVC was distinguished from Indian-Bangladeshi RVC as reported earlier. However, we found one Japanese RVC in 2012 that carried the genetic background of Indian-Bangladeshi RVC, whereas the remaining seven Japanese RVCs carried the typical genetic background of Far East Asian RVC. This is the first report of the Indian-Bangladeshi RVC in Japan. With that observation and the reassortment event of human RVCs in Hungary, our study indicates that the RVCs are spreading from one region to another.
authors.affiliation: Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Yen Hai
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Doan
authors.affiliation: Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Kei
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Haga
authors.affiliation: Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fujimoto
authors.affiliation: Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshiki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fujii
authors.affiliation: Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Reiko
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Takai-Todaka
authors.affiliation: Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Tomoichiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Oka
authors.affiliation: Infectious Disease Surveillance Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Hirokazu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kimura
authors.affiliation: Hokkaido Institute of Public Health, Hokkaido, Japan.
authors.forename: Shima
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yoshizumi
authors.affiliation: Hiroshima Prefectural Technology Research Institute, Hiroshima, Japan.
authors.forename: Naoki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Shigemoto
authors.affiliation: Yamaguchi Prefectural Institute of Public Health and Environment, Yamaguchi, Japan.
authors.forename: Reiko
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Okamoto-Nakagawa
authors.affiliation: Yamaguchi Prefectural Institute of Public Health and Environment, Yamaguchi, Japan.
authors.forename: Komei
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shirabe
authors.affiliation: Ehime Prefectural Institute of Public Health and Environmental Science, Ehime, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroto
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shinomiya
authors.affiliation: Osaka Prefectural Institute of Public Health, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: Naomi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sakon
authors.affiliation: Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan. Electronic address: katayama@nih.go.jp.
authors.forename: Kazuhiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Katayama
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D036022:Capsid Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D002417:Cattle; D004285:Dogs; D005061:Europe, Eastern / Q000453:epidemiology; D005202:Asia, Eastern / Q000453:epidemiology; D015723:Gene Library; D014644:Genetic Variation; D016679:Genome, Viral; D005838:Genotype; D059014:High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing; D006801:Humans; D010802:Phylogeny; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000235:genetics*; D012401:Rotavirus / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D012400:Rotavirus Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000635:transmission / Q000821:virology; D013552:Swine / Q000821:virology; D013553:Swine Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000635:transmission / Q000821:virology; D017361:Viral Nonstructural Proteins / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D036022:Capsid Proteins; D012367:RNA, Viral; D017361:Viral Nonstructural Proteins
keywords: Evolution; Full genome sequencing; G4P[2]; Human group C rotavirus; NGS