title: Budesonide + formoterol fumarate dihydrate for the treatment of asthma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  One of the most widely used fixed combinations in asthma management is dry powder budesonide+formoterol fumarate dihydrate which is commercially available as Symbicort Turbuhaler(®) (and generic products), Easyhaler Bufomix(®) and DuoRespSpiromax(®) inhaler. The aim of this paper was to review the fixed dry powder combination of inhaled budesonide+formoterol fumarate dihydrate for asthma treatment in adolescents and adults.
  
  
  METHODS
  A literature search using relevant search terms, reference lists for reviews and meta-analyses was performed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In symptomatic adolescent and adult patients with asthma maintenance and reliever therapy with a single-inhaler fixed combination of dry powder budesonide+formoterol fumarate dihydrate is an evidenced option. The combination treatment is convenient to patients. It reduces the number of exacerbations requiring treatment with oral corticosteroids. In some patients the strategy may also reduce the total intake of inhaled corticosteroids over time. Whether important outcome measures of asthma treatment, such as hospital admission and emergency room visit rates, may be reduced is less well documented since the published studies may have been influenced by publication bias. Non-pharmaceutical company-sponsored research evaluating such measures is needed. There is no evidence for the use of single inhaler fixed combinations of inhaled corticosteroids+long-acting β(2)-agonists in children (<12 years of age), and budesonide+formoterol fumarate dihydrate should not be prescribed to the age group.
authors.affiliation: a Asthma and Allergy Clinic , Children´s Clinic Randers , Randers , Denmark.
authors.forename: Ole D
authors.initials: OD
authors.lastname: Wolthers
mesh_terms: D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D018927:Anti-Asthmatic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001249:Asthma / Q000188:drug therapy*; D019819:Budesonide / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004338:Drug Combinations; D000068759:Formoterol Fumarate / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D009330:Nebulizers and Vaporizers
chemical_list: D018927:Anti-Asthmatic Agents; D004338:Drug Combinations; D019819:Budesonide; D000068759:Formoterol Fumarate
keywords: Asthma; bioavailability; budesonide; formoterol; formoterol fumarate dihydrate; hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal function; inhaled corticosteroids; inhaled steroids; long-acting β2-agonists; pharmacokinetics; short-acting β2-agonists; systemic activity