title: Simple and quick determination of analgesics and other contaminants of emerging concern in environmental waters by on-line solid phase extraction coupled to liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.
abstract: A simple and quick analytical method has been developed for the determination of pharmaceutical compounds in water. An on-line solid-phase extraction (SPE) coupled to liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method has been optimized to determine 7 contaminants of emerging concern in environmental waters at ngL(-1) levels. This procedure requires minimal sample handling and small sample volume (900μL) with a total running time of 18min. Several SPE parameters were evaluated and optimized in order to achieve a high sample throughput. Therefore sample volume, carryover and reusability of the cartridges were evaluated. Performance characteristics were evaluated and good linearity was obtained (R(2)>0.98). Recoveries were evaluated in spiked samples at three concentrations and the values ranged from 71 to 104%. Intra and inter-day precision was lower than 10 and 13% respectively. Limits of quantification were equal to or lower than 10ngL(-1), except for 1,7-dimethylxanthine (20ngL(-1)) and ibuprofen (50ngL(-1)). The method was applied to 20 environmental water samples, and ibuprofen was the compound most widely detected at concentrations up to 42.06μgL(-1), whereas the other compounds were detected in fewer samples at lower concentrations (up to 15.99μgL(-1)).
authors.affiliation: Group "Analytical Chemistry of Contaminants", Department of Chemistry and Physics (Analytical Chemistry Area), Andalusian Center for the Assessment and Monitoring of Global Change (CAESCG), University of Almería, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence, ceiA3, Carretera de Sacramento s/n, E-04120, Almería, Spain.
authors.forename: Alejandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ferrer-Aguirre
authors.affiliation: Group "Analytical Chemistry of Contaminants", Department of Chemistry and Physics (Analytical Chemistry Area), Andalusian Center for the Assessment and Monitoring of Global Change (CAESCG), University of Almería, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence, ceiA3, Carretera de Sacramento s/n, E-04120, Almería, Spain.
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Romero-González
authors.affiliation: Group "Analytical Chemistry of Contaminants", Department of Chemistry and Physics (Analytical Chemistry Area), Andalusian Center for the Assessment and Monitoring of Global Change (CAESCG), University of Almería, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence, ceiA3, Carretera de Sacramento s/n, E-04120, Almería, Spain.
authors.forename: J L Martínez
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Vidal
authors.affiliation: Group "Analytical Chemistry of Contaminants", Department of Chemistry and Physics (Analytical Chemistry Area), Andalusian Center for the Assessment and Monitoring of Global Change (CAESCG), University of Almería, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence, ceiA3, Carretera de Sacramento s/n, E-04120, Almería, Spain. Electronic address: agarrido@ual.es.
authors.forename: Antonia Garrido
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Frenich
mesh_terms: D000700:Analgesics / Q000032:analysis*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods; D005618:Fresh Water / Q000737:chemistry; D007052:Ibuprofen / Q000032:analysis; D052616:Solid Phase Extraction / Q000379:methods; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D007052:Ibuprofen
keywords: Environmental water; LC–MS/MS; On-line SPE; Pharmaceutical compounds