title: In vitro gas production of foliage from three browse tree species treated with different dose levels of exogenous fibrolytic enzymes.
abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different dose levels of exogenous fibrolytic enzymes (EFE) on in vitro ruminal fermentation kinetics and energy utilization of foliages from three browse trees (Pithecellobium dulce, Heliocarpus velutinus and Guazuma ulmifolia). Mixture of EFE product was added to the leaves of the three browse tree species at three dose levels: 0 (control), 3.5 and 7.0 mg/g of DM. Chemical composition of the foliages, including plant secondary metabolites such as total phenolics (TP), saponins (SAP) and aqueous fraction (AF), was determined. In addition, in vitro assaying of ruminal gas production kinetics was determined for the three browse three foliages treated with EFE. P. dulce had the highest crude protein content (p < 0.05), whereas G. ulmifolia had the highest content of neutral detergent fibre and SAP (p < 0.05) and H. velutinus had the lowest content of TP (p < 0.05). The interaction between tree species and dose level of EFE was significant (p < 0.05) for gas production (GP) at 24 h of incubation, parameters b and c of the accumulated GP curve, short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) and metabolizable energy (ME). The lowest (p < 0.01) extent of accumulated GP as well as the b and c values occurred in G. ulmifolia at 0 mg EFE/g DM. P. dulce had the highest (p < 0.05) values for ME and SCFA at the highest dose of EFE. Tree species and dose level had significant (p < 0.05) effects on all parameters describing in vitro ruminal fermentation kinetics and energy utilization. Addition of EFE improved the fermentation kinetics of the browse species considered in this study.
authors.affiliation: Centro Universitario UAEM Temascaltepec, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Temascaltepec, México, Mexico.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: López
authors.affiliation: Centro Universitario UAEM Temascaltepec, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Temascaltepec, México, Mexico.
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Vázquez-Armijo
authors.affiliation: Centro Universitario UAEM Temascaltepec, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Temascaltepec, México, Mexico.|Institute of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: López-Villalobos
authors.affiliation: Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Soledad de Graciano Sánchez, San Luis Potosí, Mexico.
authors.forename: H A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Lee-Rangel
authors.affiliation: Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, El Cerrillo Piedras Blancas, México, Mexico.
authors.forename: A Z M
authors.initials: AZ
authors.lastname: Salem
authors.affiliation: Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, El Cerrillo Piedras Blancas, México, Mexico.
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Borquez-Gastelum
authors.affiliation: Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, El Cerrillo Piedras Blancas, México, Mexico.
authors.forename: I A
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Domínguez-Vara
authors.affiliation: Centro Universitario UAEM Temascaltepec, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Temascaltepec, México, Mexico. dr_rojo70@yahoo.com.mx.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rojo-Rubio
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed / Q000032:analysis; D007887:Fabaceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D005285:Fermentation; D019660:Malvaceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry*; D013045:Species Specificity; D014197:Trees
keywords: browse tree species; exogenous enzyme; gas production