title: Organic matrices in metazoan calcium carbonate skeletons: Composition, functions, evolution.
abstract: Calcium carbonate skeletal tissues in metazoans comprise a small quantity of occluded organic macromolecules, mostly proteins and polysaccharides that constitute the skeletal matrix. Because its functions in modulating the biomineralization process are well known, the skeletal matrix has been extensively studied, successively via classical biochemical approaches, via molecular biology and, in recent years, via transcriptomics and proteomics. The optimistic view that the deposition of calcium carbonate minerals requires a limited number of macromolecules has been challenged, in the last decade, by high-throughput approaches. Such approaches have made possible the rapid identification of large sets of mineral-associated proteins, i.e., 'skeletal repertoires' or 'skeletomes', in several calcifying animal models, ranging from sponges to echinoderms. One of the consequences of this expanding set of data is that a simple definition of the skeletal matrix is no longer possible. This increase in available data, however, makes it easier to compare skeletal repertoires, shedding light on the fundamental evolutionary mechanisms affecting matrix components.
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire Biogéosciences UMR 6282, CNRS - Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté (UBFC) - 6 Boulevard Gabriel, 21000 DIJON, France. Electronic address: frederic.marin@u-bourgogne.fr.
authors.forename: Frédéric
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Marin
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire Biogéosciences UMR 6282, CNRS - Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté (UBFC) - 6 Boulevard Gabriel, 21000 DIJON, France. Electronic address: irina.bundeleva@u-bourgogne.fr.
authors.forename: Irina
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Bundeleva
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire Biogéosciences UMR 6282, CNRS - Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté (UBFC) - 6 Boulevard Gabriel, 21000 DIJON, France; Marine Genomics Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology - 1919-1 Tancha, Onna, OKINAWA 904-0495, Japan. Electronic address: t.takeuchi@oist.jp.
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takeuchi
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire Biogéosciences UMR 6282, CNRS - Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté (UBFC) - 6 Boulevard Gabriel, 21000 DIJON, France; Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire UMR5200, CNRS - Université de Bordeaux, 33140 VILLENAVE D'ORNON, France. Electronic address: francoise.immel@u-bordeaux.fr.
authors.forename: Françoise
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Immel
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire Biogéosciences UMR 6282, CNRS - Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté (UBFC) - 6 Boulevard Gabriel, 21000 DIJON, France; Ruder Boskovic Institute, Center for Marine Research Rovinj, Giordano Paliaga 5, 52210 ROVINJ, Croatia. Electronic address: medakovic@cim.irb.hr.
authors.forename: Davorin
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Medakovic
mesh_terms: D002113:Calcification, Physiologic; D002119:Calcium Carbonate; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D012863:Skeleton / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D002119:Calcium Carbonate
keywords: Biomineralization; Calcification; Metazoan; Proteomics; Skeletal matrix; Skeleton