title: Evaluation of the mitochondrial system in the gonad-digestive gland complex of Biomphalaria glabrata (Mollusca, Gastropoda) after infection by Echinostoma paraensei (Trematoda, Echinostomatidae).
abstract: The effect of infection by Echinostoma paraensei on the mitochondrial physiology of Biomphalaria glabrata was investigated after exposure to 50 miracidia. The snails were dissected one, two, three and four weeks after infection for collection and mechanical permeabilization of the gonad-digestive gland (DGG) complex. The results obtained indicate that prepatent infection by this echinostomatid fluke significantly suppresses the phosphorylation state (respiratory state 3) and basal oxygen consumption of B. glabrata, demonstrating that the infection reduces the ability of the intermediate host to carry out aerobic oxidative reactions. Additionally, relevant variations related to the uncoupled mitochondrial (state 3u) of B. glabrata infected by E. paraensei were observed. Four weeks after exposure, a significant reduction in mitochondrial oxygen consumption after addition of ADP (3.68±0.26pmol O2/mg proteins) was observed in the infected snails in comparison with the respective control group (5.14±0.25). In the uncoupled state, the infected snails consumed about 62% less oxygen than the infected snails (7.87±0.84pmol O2/mg proteins) in the same period. These results demonstrate a reduction in oxidative decarboxylation rate of the tricarboxylic acid cycle and faster anaerobic degradation of carbohydrates in the infected snails. The possible mechanisms that explain this new metabolic condition in the infected organisms are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Km7, BR 465, Antiga estrada Rio-São Paulo, 23890-000 Seropédica, RJ, Brazil; Curso de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Departamento de Parasitologia Animal, Instituto de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Km7, BR 465, Antiga estrada Rio-São Paulo, 23890-000 Seropédica, RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: Victor Menezes
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Tunholi
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Km7, BR 465, Antiga estrada Rio-São Paulo, 23890-000 Seropédica, RJ, Brazil; Curso de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Departamento de Parasitologia Animal, Instituto de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Km7, BR 465, Antiga estrada Rio-São Paulo, 23890-000 Seropédica, RJ, Brazil. Electronic address: vinicius_menezestunholi@yahoo.com.br.
authors.forename: Vinícius Menezes
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Tunholi-Alves
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Brigadeiro Trompowsky s/n, Ilha do Fundão, Prédio do CCS (Centro de Ciências da Saúde), RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: Anderson Teixeira
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Biologia e Parasitologia de Mamíferos Silvestres Reservatórios, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: Juberlan da Silva
authors.initials: Jda S
authors.lastname: Garcia
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Biologia e Parasitologia de Mamíferos Silvestres Reservatórios, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: Arnaldo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Maldonado
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Brigadeiro Trompowsky s/n, Ilha do Fundão, Prédio do CCS (Centro de Ciências da Saúde), RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: Wagner Seixas
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: da-Silva
authors.affiliation: Curso de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Departamento de Parasitologia Animal, Instituto de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Km7, BR 465, Antiga estrada Rio-São Paulo, 23890-000 Seropédica, RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: Maria de Lurdes de Azevedo
authors.initials: Mde L
authors.lastname: Rodrigues
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Km7, BR 465, Antiga estrada Rio-São Paulo, 23890-000 Seropédica, RJ, Brazil. Electronic address: jps@ufrrj.br.
authors.forename: Jairo
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pinheiro
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001700:Biomphalaria / Q000378:metabolism*; D019069:Cell Respiration / Q000502:physiology; D004064:Digestive System / Q000378:metabolism; D004449:Echinostoma; D004451:Echinostomiasis / Q000378:metabolism*; D006066:Gonads / Q000378:metabolism; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000473:pathology*
keywords: Biomphalaria glabrata; Echinostoma paraensei; Host-parasite relationship; Mitochondrial metabolism