title: Varroa destructor and viruses association in honey bee colonies under different climatic conditions.
abstract: Honey bee colonies are threatened by multiple factors including complex interactions between environmental and diseases such as parasitic mites and viruses. We compared the presence of honeybee-pathogenic viruses and Varroa infestation rate in four apiaries: commercial colonies that received treatment against Varroa and non-treated colonies that did not received any treatment for the last 4 years located in temperate and subtropical climate. In addition, we evaluated the effect of climate and Varroa treatment on deformed wing virus (DWV) amounts. In both climates, DWV was the most prevalent virus, being the only present virus in subtropical colonies. Moreover, colonies from subtropical climate also showed reduced DWV amounts and lower Varroa infestation rates than colonies from temperate climate. Nevertheless, non-treated colonies in both climate conditions are able to survive several years. Environment appears as a key factor interacting with local bee populations and influencing colony survival beyond Varroa and virus presence.
authors.affiliation: Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria EEA Rafaela, Ruta 34 Km 227, Rafaela, 2300, Provincia de Santa Fe, Argentina.
authors.forename: Agostina
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Giacobino
authors.affiliation: Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria EEA Rafaela, Ruta 34 Km 227, Rafaela, 2300, Provincia de Santa Fe, Argentina.
authors.forename: Ana I
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Molineri
authors.affiliation: Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria EEA Rafaela, Ruta 34 Km 227, Rafaela, 2300, Provincia de Santa Fe, Argentina.
authors.forename: Adriana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pacini
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Virología del Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas del Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Repetto y de los Reseros s/n 1686, Hurlingham (Buenos Aires), Argentina.
authors.forename: Norberto
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Fondevila
authors.affiliation: Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria EEA Reconquista, Ruta 11 Km 773, 3567, Reconquista (Santa Fe), Argentina.
authors.forename: Hernán
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Pietronave
authors.affiliation: Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria EEA Hilario Ascasubi, Ruta Nacional 3 Km 794, 8142, Hilario Ascasubi (Buenos Aires), Argentina.
authors.forename: Graciela
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rodríguez
authors.affiliation: Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria EEA Balcarce, Ruta 226 Km 73,5, 7620, Balcarce (Buenos Aires), Argentina.
authors.forename: Alejandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Palacio
authors.affiliation: Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria EEA Rafaela, Ruta 34 Km 227, Rafaela, 2300, Provincia de Santa Fe, Argentina.
authors.forename: Natalia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Bulacio Cagnolo
authors.affiliation: Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria EEA Rafaela, Ruta 34 Km 227, Rafaela, 2300, Provincia de Santa Fe, Argentina.
authors.forename: Emanuel
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Orellano
authors.affiliation: Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria EEA Rafaela, Ruta 34 Km 227, Rafaela, 2300, Provincia de Santa Fe, Argentina.
authors.forename: César E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Salto
authors.affiliation: Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria EEA Rafaela, Ruta 34 Km 227, Rafaela, 2300, Provincia de Santa Fe, Argentina.
authors.forename: Marcelo L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Signorini
authors.affiliation: Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria EEA Rafaela, Ruta 34 Km 227, Rafaela, 2300, Provincia de Santa Fe, Argentina.
authors.forename: Julieta
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Merke
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001516:Bees / Q000469:parasitology* / Q000821:virology*; D002980:Climate; D057077:Varroidae / Q000254:growth & development*; D014780:Viruses / Q000145:classification* / Q000302:isolation & purification*