title: Polymorphism rs5498 of the ICAM-1 gene affects the progression of carotid atherosclerosis in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Adhesion molecules are involved in the development of atherosclerosis. An increased level of the ICAM 1 molecule is associated with numerous inflammatory diseases including atherosclerosis of carotid arteries. The rs5498 (K469E) polymorphism of the ICAM-1 gene leads to an increase in the level of serum ICAM. We investigated the association between the rs5498 (K469E) polymorphism of the ICAM-1 gene and the progression of carotid atherosclerosis in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).
  
  
  METHODS
  The study included 595 patients with T2DM and 200 subjects in the control group without T2DM. The control examination was made 3.8 years after the initial examination. Indicators of atherosclerosis (carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT), total plaque sum and sum of the plaques thickness) were detected by ultrasound examination. Genetic analyses of the polymorphism rs5498 of the ICAM-1 gene were made by RT-PCR.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The distribution of genotypes and frequencies of rs5498 polymorphism was not significantly different between the group with type 2 diabetes ( T2DM) and the control group. Genotype EE K469E polymorphism is associated with a statistically significant annual plaques growth.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The EE genotype of the rs5498 of the ICAM-1 gene was associated with a more rapid progression of carotid atherosclerosis in patients with T2DM in comparison with other genotypes.
authors.affiliation: General Hospital Rakičan, Murska Sobota, Slovenia.
authors.forename: Dražen
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Popović
authors.affiliation: Institute of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
authors.forename: Jovana Nikolajević
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Starčević
authors.affiliation: General Hospital Rakičan, Murska Sobota, Slovenia.
authors.forename: Marija Šantl
authors.initials: MŠ
authors.lastname: Letonja
authors.affiliation: General Hospital Slovenj Gradec, Slovenj Gradec, Slovenia.
authors.forename: Jana
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Makuc
authors.affiliation: General Hospital Slovenj Gradec, Slovenj Gradec, Slovenia.
authors.forename: Andreja Cokan
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Vujkovac
authors.affiliation: Institute of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
authors.forename: Ruda Zorc
authors.initials: RZ
authors.lastname: Pleskovič
authors.affiliation: 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University and University Hospital, Bratislava, Slovakia. ludovitgaspar@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Ludovit
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gaspar
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Structural Biology and Proteomics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Palackeho tr. 1946/1, 612 42, Brno, Czech Republic. peter.kruzliak@savba.sk.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kruzliak
authors.affiliation: Institute of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia. Daniel.petrovic@mf.uni-lj.si.
authors.forename: Danijel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Petrovič
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002339:Carotid Arteries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D002340:Carotid Artery Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000235:genetics*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications* / Q000235:genetics / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D014463:Ultrasonography
chemical_list: C573420:ICAM1 protein, human; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1
keywords: Carotid atherosclerosis; ICAM 1; Polymorphisem rs5498; Type 2 diabetes mellitus