title: A Modified Lodwick-Madewell Grading System for the Evaluation of Lytic Bone Lesions.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Lodwick's well-established grading system of lytic bone lesions has been widely used in predicting growth rate for lytic bone lesions. We applied a Modified Lodwick-Madewell Grading System as an alternative means to categorize lytic bone tumors into those with low, moderate, and high risks of malignancy.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective review of the radiographs of 183 bone lesions was performed. Cases were selected to include a broad range of benign and malignant tumors. Readers applied our Modified Lodwick-Madewell Grading System, and consensus was reached in all cases. This modified system consists of grade I, which is composed of grades IA and IB as listed in the Lodwick system; grade II, which is grade IC in the Lodwick system; and grade III, which is composed of IIIA (changing margination), IIB (moth-eaten and permeative patterns), and IIIC (radiographically occult). Grading was correlated with the final diagnosis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 183 tumors, 81 were classified as grade I, 54 as grade II, and 48 as grade III. When correlating grade with pathology, we found that 76 of 81 (94%) grade I lesions were benign and 39 of 48 grade III lesions (81%) were malignant. A nearly equal number of grade II lesions proved to be benign (29/54; 54%) and malignant (28/54; 53%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  By expanding Lodwick's grading system to include two additional patterns of disease described by Madewell and colleagues (changing margination and radiographically occult) and by reclassifying them into three distinct grades, we propose a modified system-the Modified Lodwick-Madewell Grading System. Application of this system shows correlation of tumor grade with tumor biologic activity and with risk of malignancy: Grade I lesions are usually benign, grade II lesions carry moderate risk of malignancy, and grade III lesions possess a high likelihood of malignancy.
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Radiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL.
authors.forename: Jamie T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Caracciolo
authors.affiliation: 2 Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL.
authors.forename: H Thomas
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Temple
authors.affiliation: 3 H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Sarcoma Division, Tampa, FL.
authors.forename: G Douglas
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Letson
authors.affiliation: 4 Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, 5777 E Mayo Blvd, Phoenix, AZ 85054.
authors.forename: Mark J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Kransdorf
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001706:Biopsy; D001859:Bone Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D060787:Neoplasm Grading / Q000379:methods*; D012189:Retrospective Studies
keywords: Lodwick; bone neoplasms; classification; grading system; radiographs; risk of malignancy