title: [Expression of IL-34 in chronic periapical lesions and its clinical significance].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To observe the expression of IL-34 mRNA in chronic periapical lesions and healthy periodontal ligaments and discuss the role of IL-34 in the etiology of chronic apical periodontitis.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 25 periapical tissues from chronic apical periodontitis and 22 normal periodontal ligament tissue from extracted healthy teeth for orthodontic reason were selected. The expression of IL-34mRNA was detected by real-time PCR; the expression of IL-34 protein was detected by immunohistochemical analysis. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 13.0 software package.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The level of IL-34 mRNA expression in periapical lesions (3.53±3.07) was significantly higher than that of the normal control (1.07±0.76); IL-34 was positively expressed in lymphocytes, plasma cells and macrophages. Image analysis software indicated that the level of IL-34 protein was significantly higher in periapical lesions than that in normal control (P<0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  IL-34 may be closely related to inflammation of chronic apical periodontitis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endodontics, School of Stomatology, China Medical University; Lab of Endodontics, Liaoning Institute of Dental Research; Research Center of Translational Medicine, Liaoning Provincial Institute of Oral Diseases. Shenyang 110002, Liaoning Province,China. E-mail:graduatemn1990cmu@163.com.
authors.forename: Nan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: Department of Endodontics, School of Stomatology, China Medical University; Lab of Endodontics, Liaoning Institute of Dental Research; Research Center of Translational Medicine, Liaoning Provincial Institute of Oral Diseases. Shenyang 110002, Liaoning Province,China.
authors.forename: Liu
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Qu
authors.affiliation: Department of Endodontics, School of Stomatology, China Medical University; Lab of Endodontics, Liaoning Institute of Dental Research; Research Center of Translational Medicine, Liaoning Provincial Institute of Oral Diseases. Shenyang 110002, Liaoning Province,China.
authors.forename: Li-ya
authors.initials: LY
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Department of Endodontics, School of Stomatology, China Medical University; Lab of Endodontics, Liaoning Institute of Dental Research; Research Center of Translational Medicine, Liaoning Provincial Institute of Oral Diseases. Shenyang 110002, Liaoning Province,China.
authors.forename: Ya-qiong
authors.initials: YQ
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Li-hong
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Qiu
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation; D007378:Interleukins / Q000378:metabolism*; D008214:Lymphocytes; D008264:Macrophages; D010485:Periapical Periodontitis / Q000378:metabolism*; D010513:Periodontal Ligament; D010518:Periodontitis; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
chemical_list: C529076:IL34 protein, human; D007378:Interleukins; D012333:RNA, Messenger