title: The Long Intron 1 of Growth Hormone Gene from Reeves' Turtle (Chinemys reevesii) Correlates with Negatively Regulated GH Expression in Four Cell Lines.
abstract: Turtles grow slowly and have a long lifespan. Ultrastructural studies of the pituitary gland in Reeves' turtle (Chinemys reevesii) have revealed that the species possesses a higher nucleoplasmic ratio and fewer secretory granules in growth hormone (GH) cells than other animal species in summer and winter. C. reevesii GH gene was cloned and species-specific similarities and differences were investigated. The full GH gene sequence in C. reevesii contains 8517 base pairs (bp), comprising five exons and four introns. Intron 1 was found to be much longer in C. reevesii than in other species. The coding sequence (CDS) of the turtle's GH gene, with and without the inclusion of intron 1, was transfected into four cell lines, including DF-1 chicken embryo fibroblasts, Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, human embryonic kidney 293FT cells, and GH4C1 rat pituitary cells; the turtle growth hormone (tGH) gene mRNA and protein expression levels decreased significantly in the intron-containing CDS in these cell lines, compared with that of the corresponding intronless CDS. Thus, the long intron 1 of GH gene in Reeves' turtle might correlate with downregulated gene expression.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China. wsliu@scau.edu.cn.|Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China. wsliu@scau.edu.cn.|Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China. wsliu@scau.edu.cn.|College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China. wsliu@scau.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Wen-Sheng
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China. magiel1018@stu.scau.edu.cn.|Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China. magiel1018@stu.scau.edu.cn.|Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China. magiel1018@stu.scau.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Jing-E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China. lweixia_2001@163.com.|Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China. lweixia_2001@163.com.|Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China. lweixia_2001@163.com.
authors.forename: Wei-Xia
authors.initials: WX
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China. zhjg-2005@163.com.|Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China. zhjg-2005@163.com.|Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China. zhjg-2005@163.com.
authors.forename: Jin-Ge
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China. wangjuan901226@126.com.|Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China. wangjuan901226@126.com.|Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China. wangjuan901226@126.com.
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China. nqinghua@scau.edu.cn.|Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China. nqinghua@scau.edu.cn.|Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China. nqinghua@scau.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Qing-Hua
authors.initials: QH
authors.lastname: Nie
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China. qff_1804@163.com.|Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China. qff_1804@163.com.|Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China. qff_1804@163.com.
authors.forename: Feng-Fang
authors.initials: FF
authors.lastname: Qiu
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China. mxfang@jnu.edu.cn.|Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China. mxfang@jnu.edu.cn.|Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China. mxfang@jnu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Mei-Xia
authors.initials: MX
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China. zimo999888@163.com.|Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China. zimo999888@163.com.|Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China. zimo999888@163.com.
authors.forename: Fang
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zeng
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China. wangxing635@163.com.|Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China. wangxing635@163.com.|Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China. wangxing635@163.com.
authors.forename: Xing
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China. 15626195391@163.com.|Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China. 15626195391@163.com.|Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China. 15626195391@163.com.
authors.forename: Xi-Ran
authors.initials: XR
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China. zhangli761101@163.com.|Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China. zhangli761101@163.com.|Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China. zhangli761101@163.com.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China. 200930710106@stu.scau.edu.cn.|Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China. 200930710106@stu.scau.edu.cn.|Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China. 200930710106@stu.scau.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Shao-Hao
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China. xqzhang@scau.edu.cn.|Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China. xqzhang@scau.edu.cn.|Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China. xqzhang@scau.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Xi-Quan
authors.initials: XQ
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016466:CHO Cells; D002460:Cell Line; D002642:Chick Embryo; D003001:Cloning, Molecular / Q000379:methods*; D006224:Cricetinae; D003412:Cricetulus; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D013006:Growth Hormone / Q000235:genetics*; D057809:HEK293 Cells; D006801:Humans; D007438:Introns; D010802:Phylogeny; D051381:Rats; D030162:Reptilian Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D013045:Species Specificity; D014426:Turtles / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D030162:Reptilian Proteins; D013006:Growth Hormone
keywords: expression; growth hormone gene; intron; pituitary gland; turtle