title: Evaluation of transforming growth factor beta1 gene in oral submucous fibrosis induced in Sprague-Dawley rats by injections of areca nut and pan masala (commercial areca nut product) extracts.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) is a potentially malignant oral disorder causally linked to the habit of chewing arecanut. The pathogenesis of the disorder is multifactorial and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) is a prominent player in the induction of fibrosis. The alkaloids of the arecanut seem to target the TGF-beta and the deposition of collagen is predominantly mediated through this cytokine.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The present study attempts to induce OSF in Sprague-Dawley rats by injections with solutions of arecanut and pan masala extracts. The tissues were then analysed for the TGF-beta1 gene by real time polymerase chain reaction. (rtPCR).
  
  
  METHODS
  Buccal mucosa of Sprague-Dawley rats were injectedwith arecanut and pan masala solutions on alternate days over a period of 48. weeks. Quantitative real time PCR was done to assess the expression of TGF-beta1 in the tissues.
  
  
  RESULTS
  OSF-like lesions were seen in both the arecanut and pan masala.treated groups. The histological changes included atrophic epithelium, partial or complete loss of rete ridges, juxta-epithelial hyalinization, inflammation and accumulation of dense bundles of collagen fibers subepithelially. Quantitative real-time PCR showed a significant upregulation of TGF beta1. A. peak fold change of 4.74 in the 18th. week was observed for the arecanut group while the pan masala group recorded a peak change of 4.9 in the 24th. week.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study provides further evidence that arecanut and pan masala induce oral submucous fibrosisvia the TGF beta1 pathway.
authors.forename: Shilpa
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Maria
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Dr. Syamala Reddy Dental College, Hospital and Research Centre, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: Venkatesh V
authors.initials: VV
authors.lastname: Kamath
authors.forename: Krishnanand
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Satelur
authors.forename: Komali
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Rajkumar
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001114:Areca / Q000009:adverse effects*; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D009061:Mouth Mucosa / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D009754:Nuts / Q000009:adverse effects*; D009914:Oral Submucous Fibrosis / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1 / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1