title: Valuation of pemphigus vulgaris and pemphigus foliaceus health states: a convenience sample experiment.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in pemphigus has been widely investigated; nevertheless, utility values for economic evaluations are still lacking.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To estimate health utilities for hypothetical pemphigus vulgaris (PV) and pemphigus foliaceus (PF) health states in a general population sample.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three health states (uncontrolled PV, uncontrolled PF and controlled pemphigus) were developed based on a systematic literature review of HRQoL studies in pemphigus. Utilities were obtained from a convenience sample of 108 adults using a visual analogue scale (VAS) and 10-year time trade-off (TTO). Lead-time TTO was applied for health states regarded as worse than dead with a lead time to disease time ratio of 1 : 1.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean VAS utility scores for PV, PF and controlled pemphigus were 0·25 ± 0·15, 0·37 ± 0·17 and 0·63 ± 0·16, respectively. Corresponding TTO utilities were as follows: 0·34 ± 0·38, 0·51 ± 0·32 and 0·75 ± 0·31. Overall, 14% and 6% judged PV and PF as being worse than dead. For both VAS and TTO values, significant differences were observed between all health states (P < 0·001). VAS utilities were rated significantly lower compared with TTO in each health state (P < 0·001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is the first study that reports health utility values for PV and PF. Successful treatment of pemphigus might result in significant utility gain (0·24-0·41). These empirical findings with respect to three health states in pemphigus may serve as anchor points for further utility studies and cost-effectiveness analyses.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Health Economics, Corvinus University of Budapest, Fővám tér 8, H-1093, Budapest, Hungary.|Semmelweis University Doctoral School of Clinical Medicine, Pf. 2, H-1428, Budapest, Hungary.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Rencz
authors.affiliation: Departments of Health Economics, Corvinus University of Budapest, Fővám tér 8, H-1093, Budapest, Hungary. valentin.brodszky@uni-corvinus.hu.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Brodszky
authors.affiliation: Radboud University Medical Centre, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: P F M
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Stalmeier
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Dermatooncology, Semmelweis University, Mária u. 41, H-1085, Budapest, Hungary.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Tamási
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Dermatooncology, Semmelweis University, Mária u. 41, H-1085, Budapest, Hungary.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kárpáti
authors.affiliation: Departments of Health Economics, Corvinus University of Budapest, Fővám tér 8, H-1093, Budapest, Hungary.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Péntek
authors.affiliation: Departments of Health Economics, Corvinus University of Budapest, Fővám tér 8, H-1093, Budapest, Hungary.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Baji
authors.affiliation: Departments of Marketing Research and Consumer Behaviour, Corvinus University of Budapest, Fővám tér 8, H-1093, Budapest, Hungary.
authors.forename: A Z
authors.initials: AZ
authors.lastname: Mitev
authors.affiliation: Departments of Health Economics, Corvinus University of Budapest, Fővám tér 8, H-1093, Budapest, Hungary.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gulácsi
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001294:Attitude to Health; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D064368:Healthy Volunteers; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D057240:Patient Preference; D010392:Pemphigus / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000523:psychology; D011788:Quality of Life; D019057:Quality-Adjusted Life Years; D055815:Young Adult