title: Predictors of the success and failure of emergency pelvic artery embolisation for primary postpartum haemorrhage: a 12-year review.
abstract: This study aimed to identify predictors of the outcome and clinical efficacy of emergency pelvic artery embolisation (PAE) for primary postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) and to assess the post-embolisation fertility of PAE patients in a regional hospital setting.
  
  
  
  A 12-year retrospective study of patients undergoing emergency PAE was conducted at a regional acute general hospital. Clinical and procedural parameters, clinical outcomes and post-embolisation pregnancy success rates were analysed.
  
  
  
  There were 47,221 deliveries at the hospital during the study period, of which 33 patients required urgent PAE for primary PPH. The technical success rate of embolisation was 97.0% (n = 32). Clinically adequate haemostasis was achieved by a single embolisation procedure in 24 (72.7%) patients; the remaining eight eventually required surgery to achieve cessation of bleeding. Among the parameters studied, multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that pre-embolisation platelet count (p = 0.036) and maternal age (p = 0.019) were the only significant independent predictors of embolisation failure. Only two patients successfully conceived after PAE, although one of them had an ectopic pregnancy.
  
  
  
  Emergency PAE is an effective measure to arrest life-threatening bleeding in patients with primary PPH. As low pre-embolisation platelet count and advanced maternal age are associated with higher odds of embolisation failure, careful post-embolisation monitoring may be required for such patients. Embolisation also allows subsequent pregnancy. However, further studies are required to assess the outcomes of post-embolisation pregnancies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital, Hong Kong.
authors.forename: Billy Ming Hei
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Lai
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital, Hong Kong.
authors.forename: John Sing Fai
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Shum
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital, Hong Kong.
authors.forename: Chi Yeung
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Chu
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital, Hong Kong.
authors.forename: Sherwin Shing Wai
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Lo
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital, Hong Kong.
authors.forename: Kam Ying
authors.initials: KY
authors.lastname: Lau
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000072226:Computed Tomography Angiography; D004621:Embolization, Therapeutic / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D005298:Fertility; D006723:Hong Kong / Q000453:epidemiology; D006769:Hospitals, General; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008423:Maternal Age; D010976:Platelet Count; D006473:Postpartum Hemorrhage / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000628:therapy*; D011247:Pregnancy; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014599:Uterus / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: pelvic embolisation; postpartum haemorrhage