title: Cinnamaldehyde is an effective anti-inflammatory agent for treatment of allergic rhinitis in a rat model.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The effect of cinnamaldehyde on the treatment of allergic rhinitis (AR) was investigated in rat model.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-eight female Wistar albino rats were randomly divided into four groups: Group 1 (control) (C), Group 2 (AR with no treatment) (AR+NoTr), Group 3 (AR+Azelastine HCl) (AR+Aze), and Group 4 (AR+cinnamaldehyde) (AR+Cin). At day 21, AR+Aze rats were given an Azelastine HCl drop, and AR+Cin rats were given cinnamaldehyde intranasally. In all groups, allergic symptoms histopathological results were evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The AR+NoTr group showed the worst allergic symptoms, cilia loss and greater inflammation. In the AR+Aze and AR+Cin groups, allergic symptom scores were higher than those in the control group. However, between AR+Aze and AR+Cin groups, there were no significant differences in the allergic symptom scores Histopathological analysis revealed vascular congestion and an increase in goblet cell numbers in the AR+Cin group. However, AR+Cin rat nasal mucosa had less plasma cell infiltration compared with the AR+NoTr group. In rats from the AR+Aze group, analysis of the nasal mucosa revealed less eosinophil infiltration than that seen in the AR+NoTr group. A lower score for mast cell (MC) infiltration was observed in the nasal mucosa of rats treated with Azelastine HCl compared with cinnamaldehyde.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this study we observed that both Azelastine HCl and cinnamaldehyde reduced allergic symptoms in an AR rat model. Cinnamaldehyde decreased vascular congestion as well as plasma cell, eosinophil, and inflammatory cell infiltration into the lamina propria.
authors.affiliation: Okmeydanı Training and Research Hospital, ENT Clinics, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Deniz
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hancı
authors.affiliation: Yunus Emre Hospital, ENT Department, Uskudar, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Hüseyin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Altun
authors.affiliation: Antalya Ataturk State Hospital, ENT Department, Antalya, Turkey.
authors.forename: Erdem Atalay
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Çetinkaya
authors.affiliation: Kırıkkale University, Medical Faculty, ENT Department, Kırıkkale, Turkey. Electronic address: nbayarmuluk@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Nuray Bayar
authors.initials: NB
authors.lastname: Muluk
authors.affiliation: Yunus Emre State Hospital, Pathology Clinics, Eskişehir, Turkey.
authors.forename: Betül Peker
authors.initials: BP
authors.lastname: Cengiz
authors.affiliation: Eskişehir Osmangazi University, Medical Faculty, ENT Department, Eskişehir, Turkey.
authors.forename: Cemal
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cingi
mesh_terms: D000171:Acrolein / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000281:Administration, Intranasal; D000818:Animals; D018926:Anti-Allergic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D010793:Phthalazines / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D065631:Rhinitis, Allergic / Q000188:drug therapy*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D018926:Anti-Allergic Agents; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D010793:Phthalazines; D000171:Acrolein; C012843:cinnamaldehyde; C020976:azelastine
keywords: Allergic rhinitis (AR); Azelastine HCl; Cinnamaldehyde