title: Mortality among patients with pulmonary non-tuberculous mycobacteria disease.
abstract: METHODS
  Tertiary referral center, National Institutes of Health (NIH), USA.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To estimate the mortality rate and its correlates among persons with pulmonary non-tuberculous mycobacteria (PNTM) disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective review of 106 patients who were treated at the NIH Clinical Center and met American Thoracic Society/Infectious Diseases Society of America criteria for PNTM. Eligible patients were aged ⩾18 years and did not have cystic fibrosis or human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 106 patients followed for a median of 4.9 years, 27 (25%) died during follow-up, for a mortality rate of 4.2 per 100 person-years. The population was predominantly female (88%) and White (88%), with infrequent comorbidities. Fibrocavitary disease (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 3.3, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.3-8.3) and pulmonary hypertension (aHR 2.1, 95%CI 0.9-5.1) were associated with a significantly elevated risk of mortality in survival analysis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PNTM remains a serious public health concern, with a consistently elevated mortality rate across multiple populations. Significant risk factors for death include fibrocavitary disease and pulmonary hypertension. Further research is needed to more specifically identify clinical and microbiologic factors that jointly influence disease outcome.
authors.affiliation: Epidemiology Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fleshner
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
authors.forename: K N
authors.initials: KN
authors.lastname: Olivier
authors.affiliation: Biostatistics Research Branch, Division of Clinical Research, Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Shaw
authors.affiliation: Epidemiology Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, USA.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Adjemian
authors.affiliation: Epidemiology Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, USA.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Strollo
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, USA.
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Claypool
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center, NIH, Bethesda, USA.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Folio
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Center, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zelazny
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, USA.
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Holland
authors.affiliation: Epidemiology Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, USA.
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Prevots
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006976:Hypertension, Pulmonary / Q000382:microbiology / Q000401:mortality; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008168:Lung / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000382:microbiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009165:Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000382:microbiology / Q000401:mortality*; D009316:National Institutes of Health (U.S.); D009170:Nontuberculous Mycobacteria / Q000145:classification / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011658:Pulmonary Fibrosis / Q000382:microbiology / Q000401:mortality; D012141:Respiratory Tract Infections / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000382:microbiology / Q000401:mortality*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D062606:Tertiary Care Centers; D013997:Time Factors; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology