title: Assessing Body Fat of Children by Skinfold Thickness, Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis, and Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry: A Validation Study Among Malay Children Aged 7 to 11 Years.
abstract: This study aims to validate skinfold (SKF) and bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) against dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in determining body fat percentage (BF%) of Malay children aged 7 to 11 years. A total of 160 children had their BF% assessed using SKF and BIA, with DXA as the criterion method. Four SKF equations (SKFBray, SKFJohnston, SKFSlaughter, and SKFGoran) and 4 BIA equations (BIAManufacturer, BIAHoutkooper, BIARush, and BIAKushner) were used to estimate BF%. Mean age, weight, and height were 9.4 ± 1.1years, 30.5 ± 9.9 kg, and 131.3 ± 8.4 cm. All equations significantly underestimated BF% (P < .05). BIA equations had reasonable agreement with DXA and were independent of BF% with BIAManufacturer being the best equation. Although BIA underestimates BF% as compared with DXA, BIA was more suitable to measure BF% in a population that is similar to this study sample than SKF, suggesting a need to develop new SKF equations that are population specific.
authors.affiliation: Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Mohd Jonit
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Noradilah
authors.affiliation: Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Yeow Nyin
authors.initials: YN
authors.lastname: Ang
authors.affiliation: Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Nor Azmi
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Kamaruddin
authors.affiliation: Nutrition Consultant, Langkawi, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Deurenberg
authors.affiliation: Taylor's University Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia ismailnoor49@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Mohd Noor
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Ismail
authors.affiliation: Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Bee Koon
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Poh
mesh_terms: D015502:Absorptiometry, Photon; D000273:Adipose Tissue; D002648:Child; D017097:Electric Impedance; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008296:Malaysia / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D063766:Pediatric Obesity / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012885:Skinfold Thickness
keywords: bioelectrical impedance analysis; body composition; children; dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry; skinfold measurement; validation study