title: CTCF and Cohesin in Genome Folding and Transcriptional Gene Regulation.
abstract: Genome function, replication, integrity, and propagation rely on the dynamic structural organization of chromosomes during the cell cycle. Genome folding in interphase provides regulatory segmentation for appropriate transcriptional control, facilitates ordered genome replication, and contributes to genome integrity by limiting illegitimate recombination. Here, we review recent high-resolution chromosome conformation capture and functional studies that have informed models of the spatial and regulatory compartmentalization of mammalian genomes, and discuss mechanistic models for how CTCF and cohesin control the functional architecture of mammalian chromosomes.
authors.affiliation: MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom; email: matthias.merkenschlager@csc.mrc.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Merkenschlager
authors.affiliation: Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, San Francisco, California 94158; email: elphege.nora@gladstone.ucsf.edu.
authors.forename: Elphège P
authors.initials: EP
authors.lastname: Nora
mesh_terms: D000076246:CCCTC-Binding Factor; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D002868:Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone / Q000235:genetics*; D002875:Chromosomes / Q000235:genetics*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D015894:Genome, Human; D006801:Humans; D012097:Repressor Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D000097722:Cohesins
chemical_list: D000076246:CCCTC-Binding Factor; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D002868:Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D000097722:Cohesins; C000619697:CTCF protein, human
keywords: CTCF; TAD; chromosome conformation capture; cohesin; gene regulation; genome folding; loop extrusion