title: Patient-ventilator asynchrony, leaks and sleep in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
abstract: Sleeping with non-invasive ventilation (NIV) in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis appears to be accompanied by a high patient-ventilator asynchrony (PVA) index. This prospective observational cohort study quantifies PVA and leaks, and searches for effects of these events on sleep after polysomnographic NIV titration. Full-video polysomnography, with incorporation of transcutaneous carbon dioxide and ventilator software, was used to analyse sleep epoch-by-epoch and respiratory events and PVA breath-by-breath in 35 patients (17 non-bulbar). After diagnostic polysomnography, NIV was titrated during three consecutive nights. Sleep, PVA and leaks were evaluated at discharge and after one month. Results showed that non-bulbar patients improved in sleep architecture and oxygen and carbon dioxide levels while bulbar patients only improved oxygen saturation. PVA remained present at discharge (non-bulbar 54 (21-101) and bulbar 31 (9-39)/h sleep) and one month (non-bulbar 31 (9-39) and bulbar 32 (17-55)/h sleep), with ineffective effort as most prominent asynchrony. Leaks also persisted after titration (non-bulbar 16.6 (3.1-44.6) and bulbar 5.1 (0.0-19.5)% of total sleep time (TST)) and one month (non-bulbar 7.7 (1.4-29.3) and bulbar 12.7 (0.0-35.2)% TST). PVA and leaks have none to minor effect on sleep architecture. In conclusion, although PVA and leaks remain present after meticulous NIV titration, these events seem not to interfere with sleep.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Pulmonology and Leuven University Centre for Sleep and Wake disorders (LUCS) - University Hospitals Leuven .|b Faculty of Kinesiology and Rehabilitation Sciences - KU Leuven .
authors.forename: Bart
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Vrijsen
authors.affiliation: a Department of Pulmonology and Leuven University Centre for Sleep and Wake disorders (LUCS) - University Hospitals Leuven .|c Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine - KU Leuven .
authors.forename: Dries
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Testelmans
authors.affiliation: a Department of Pulmonology and Leuven University Centre for Sleep and Wake disorders (LUCS) - University Hospitals Leuven .|c Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine - KU Leuven .
authors.forename: Catharina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Belge
authors.affiliation: a Department of Pulmonology and Leuven University Centre for Sleep and Wake disorders (LUCS) - University Hospitals Leuven .|b Faculty of Kinesiology and Rehabilitation Sciences - KU Leuven .
authors.forename: Goele
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Vanpee
authors.affiliation: d Department of Neurology - University Hospitals Leuven .|e Department of Neurosciences , KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Experimental Neurology and Leuven Research Institute for Neuroscience and Disease (LIND) , and.|f Laboratory of Neurobiology , Vesalius Research Centre, VIB , Leuven , Belgium.
authors.forename: Philip
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Van Damme
authors.affiliation: a Department of Pulmonology and Leuven University Centre for Sleep and Wake disorders (LUCS) - University Hospitals Leuven .|c Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine - KU Leuven .
authors.forename: Bertien
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Buyse
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000690:Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis / Q000150:complications* / Q000628:therapy; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D063087:Noninvasive Ventilation; D010101:Oxygen Consumption; D017286:Polysomnography; D012131:Respiratory Insufficiency / Q000209:etiology*; D012890:Sleep / Q000502:physiology; D012893:Sleep Wake Disorders / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy*; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; non-invasive ventilation; patient-ventilator asynchrony; polysomnography; sleep