title: Slowness in Movement Initiation is Associated with Proactive Inhibitory Network Dysfunction in Parkinson's Disease.
abstract: Impairment in initiating movements in PD might be related to executive dysfunction associated with abnormal proactive inhibitory control, a pivotal mechanism consisting in gating movement initiation in uncertain contexts.
  
  
  
  Testing this hypothesis on the basis of direct neural-based evidence.
  
  
  
  Twelve PD patients on antiparkinsonian medication and fifteen matched healthy controls performed a simple reaction time task during event-related functional MRI scanning.
  
  
  
  For all subjects, the level of activation of SMA was found to predict RT on a trial-by-trial basis. The increase in movement initiation latency observed in PD patients with regard to controls was associated with pre-stimulus BOLD increases within several nodes of the proactive inhibitory network (caudate nucleus, precuneus, thalamus).
  
  
  
  These results provide physiological data consistent with impaired control of proactive inhibition over motor initiation in PD. Patients would be locked into a mode of control maintaining anticipated inhibition over willed movements even when the situation does not require action restraint. The functional and neurochemical bases of brain activity associated with executive settings need to be addressed thoroughly in future studies to better understand disabling symptoms that have few therapeutic options like akinesia.
authors.affiliation: Université de Lyon,, Lyon, France.|Université Lyon I, Villeurbanne, France.|Centre de Neuroscience Cognitive, Bron, France.|Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorder Unit & E.J. Safra Parkinson Disease Program, Toronto Western Hospital, UHN, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.|Research Imaging Centre, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.|Division of Brain, Imaging and Behaviour -Systems Neuroscience, Toronto Western Research Institute, UHN, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Marion
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Criaud
authors.affiliation: Université de Lyon,, Lyon, France.|Université Lyon I, Villeurbanne, France.|Centre de Neuroscience Cognitive, Bron, France.|Hospices civils de Lyon, hôpital neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Bron, France.
authors.forename: Alice
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Poisson
authors.affiliation: Université de Lyon,, Lyon, France.|Université Lyon I, Villeurbanne, France.|Centre de Neuroscience Cognitive, Bron, France.|Hospices civils de Lyon, hôpital neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Bron, France.
authors.forename: Stéphane
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Thobois
authors.affiliation: Université de Lyon,, Lyon, France.|Université Lyon I, Villeurbanne, France.|Centre de Neuroscience Cognitive, Bron, France.
authors.forename: Elise
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Metereau
authors.affiliation: CERMEP-Imagerie du Vivant, Lyon, France.
authors.forename: Jérôme
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Redouté
authors.affiliation: CERMEP-Imagerie du Vivant, Lyon, France.
authors.forename: Danièle
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ibarrola
authors.affiliation: Université de Lyon,, Lyon, France.|Université Lyon I, Villeurbanne, France.|Centre de Neuroscience Cognitive, Bron, France.
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Baraduc
authors.affiliation: Université de Lyon,, Lyon, France.|Université Lyon I, Villeurbanne, France.|Centre de Neuroscience Cognitive, Bron, France.|Hospices civils de Lyon, hôpital neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Bron, France.
authors.forename: Emmanuel
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Broussolle
authors.affiliation: Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorder Unit & E.J. Safra Parkinson Disease Program, Toronto Western Hospital, UHN, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.|Research Imaging Centre, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.|Division of Brain, Imaging and Behaviour -Systems Neuroscience, Toronto Western Research Institute, UHN, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Antonio P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Strafella
authors.affiliation: Université de Lyon,, Lyon, France.|Université Lyon I, Villeurbanne, France.|Centre de Neuroscience Cognitive, Bron, France.|INSERM, U1028, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Neuroplasticity and Neuropathology of Olfactory Perception Team, Lyon, France.|CNRS, UMR5292, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Neuroplasticity and Neuropathology of Olfactory Perception Team, Lyon, France.
authors.forename: Bénédicte
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ballanger
authors.affiliation: Université de Lyon,, Lyon, France.|Université Lyon I, Villeurbanne, France.|Centre de Neuroscience Cognitive, Bron, France.
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Boulinguez
mesh_terms: D000978:Antiparkinson Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001921:Brain / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001931:Brain Mapping; D056344:Executive Function / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007266:Inhibition, Psychological; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009044:Motor Cortex / Q000503:physiopathology; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology*; D011597:Psychomotor Performance; D011930:Reaction Time
chemical_list: D000978:Antiparkinson Agents
keywords: Parkinson’s disease; Response inhibition; fMRI; proactive control; reaction time