title: Relationship between e-cigarette point of sale recall and e-cigarette use in secondary school children: a cross-sectional study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There has been a rapid increase in the retail availability of e-cigarettes in the UK and elsewhere. It is known that exposure to cigarette point-of-sale (POS) displays influences smoking behaviour and intentions in young people. However, there is as yet no evidence regarding the relationship between e-cigarette POS display exposure and e-cigarette use in young people.
  
  
  METHODS
  This cross sectional survey was conducted in four high schools in Scotland. A response rate of 87 % and a total sample of 3808 was achieved. Analysis was by logistic regression on e-cigarette outcomes with standard errors adjusted for clustering within schools. The logistic regression models were adjusted for recall of other e-cigarette adverts, smoking status, and demographic variables. Multiple chained imputation was employed to assess the consistency of the findings across different methods of handling missing data.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Adolescents who recalled seeing e-cigarettes in small shops were more likely to have tried an e-cigarette (OR 1.92 99 % CI 1.61 to 2.29). Adolescents who recalled seeing e-cigarettes for sale in small shops (OR 1.80 99 % CI 1.08 to 2.99) or supermarkets (OR 1.70 99 % CI 1.22 to 2.36) were more likely to intend to try them in the next 6 months.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study has found a cross-sectional association between self-reported recall of e-cigarette POS displays and use of, and intention to use, e-cigarettes. The magnitude of this association is comparable to that between tobacco point of sale recall and intention to use traditional cigarettes in the same sample. Further longitudinal data is required to confirm a causal relationship between e-cigarette point of sale exposure and their use and future use by young people.
authors.affiliation: School of Health Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, UK. catherine.best2@stir.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Best
authors.affiliation: Child and Adolescent Health Research Unit, School of Medicine, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9TF, UK.
authors.forename: Farhana
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Haseen
authors.affiliation: Child and Adolescent Health Research Unit, School of Medicine, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9TF, UK.
authors.forename: Winfried
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: van der Sluijs
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9TF, UK.
authors.forename: Gozde
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ozakinci
authors.affiliation: Child and Adolescent Health Research Unit, School of Medicine, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9TF, UK.
authors.forename: Dorothy
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Currie
authors.affiliation: Institute for Social Marketing, School of Health Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, UK.
authors.forename: Douglas
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Eadie
authors.affiliation: Institute for Social Marketing, School of Health Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, UK.
authors.forename: Martine
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stead
authors.affiliation: Institute for Social Marketing, School of Health Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, UK.
authors.forename: Anne Marie
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: MacKintosh
authors.affiliation: Centre for Research on Environment Society and Health, School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9XP, UK.
authors.forename: Jamie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pearce
authors.affiliation: Centre for Research on Environment Society and Health, School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9XP, UK.
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tisch
authors.affiliation: ScotCen Social Research, Edinburgh, EH2 4AW, UK.
authors.forename: Andy
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: MacGregor
authors.affiliation: The Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, UK.
authors.forename: Amanda
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Amos
authors.affiliation: The Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, UK.
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Frank
authors.affiliation: School of Health Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, UK.
authors.forename: Sally
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Haw
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D003132:Commerce / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D066300:Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D033182:Intention; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D011939:Mental Recall; D012574:Schools; D012606:Scotland; D012907:Smoking / Q000523:psychology; D013334:Students / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data
keywords: Adolescents; Advertising; E-cigarettes; Point of sale display; Smoking; Tobacco control; Vaping