title: Association of the upregulated expression of focal adhesion kinase with poor prognosis and tumor dissemination in hypopharyngeal cancer.
abstract: Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) plays an important role in tumor metastasis. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the significance of FAK expression in surgically treated patients with hypopharyngeal cancer.
  
  
  
  We retrospectively reviewed the clinical charts of patients treated at our institution between 2004 and 2012 and identified 87 patients with hypopharyngeal cancer. FAK expression status was retrospectively evaluated using immunohistochemistry.
  
  
  
  FAK-positive patients displayed significantly worse disease-specific survival than FAK-negative patients (p = .001). Multivariate analyses revealed that FAK positivity and extracapsular spread (ECS) were independent, significant adverse prognostic factors. Furthermore, FAK positivity significantly correlated with the number of metastatic lymph nodes (p = .048), and FAK-positive patients displayed a higher incidence of distant metastases (p = .009).
  
  
  
  The current study demonstrated that upregulated FAK expression correlates with poor prognosis and tumor dissemination in surgically treated patients with hypopharyngeal cancer. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38:1164-1169, 2016.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Go
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Omura
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Mizuo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ando
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Saito
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.|Department of Head and Neck Surgery, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Kenya
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Masafumi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.|Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Saitama, Japan.
authors.forename: Yasuhiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ebihara
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Kaori
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kanaya
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Chisato
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fujimoto
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sakamoto
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Kenji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kondo
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.|Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Takahiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Asakage
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Tatsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamasoba
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism*; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000401:mortality* / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D051417:Focal Adhesion Kinase 1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality* / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D006785:Hospitals, University; D006801:Humans; D007012:Hypopharyngeal Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology / Q000401:mortality* / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007564:Japan; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness / Q000473:pathology; D010611:Pharyngectomy / Q000379:methods; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D000077195:Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D051417:Focal Adhesion Kinase 1
keywords: focal adhesion kinase; hypopharyngeal cancer; immunohistochemistry; pharyngectomy; prognostic factor