title: Anti-HBV activity and mechanism of marine-derived polyguluronate sulfate (PGS) in vitro.
abstract: Polyguluronate sulfate (PGS) is a low molecular-weight sulfated derivative, which has a structure of 2,3-O-disulfated-1,4-poly-l-guluronic acid (PG) with about 1.5 sulfate per sugar residue. Herein, our results showed that PGS effectively inhibited the expression and secretion of HBsAg and HBeAg in HepG2.2.15 cells. PGS could bind and enter into HepG2.2.15 cells to interfere with HBV transcription rather than blocking HBV DNA replication. Moreover, PGS also enhanced the production and secretion of interferon beta (IFN-β) in HepG2.2.15 cells. Cellular NF-κB and Raf/MEK/ERK signaling pathways were also involved in the anti-HBV actions of PGS. Thus, PGS may inhibit HBV replication through upregulating the NF-κB and Raf/MEK/ERK pathways to enhance the interferon system. In summary, PGS merits further investigation as a novel anti-HBV agent aimed at modulating the host innate immune system in the future.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China. Electronic address: wljwulijuan@126.com.
authors.forename: Lijuan
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience & Glycoengineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China. Electronic address: wwwakin@ouc.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China. Electronic address: xiaoshuangzhang89@126.com.
authors.forename: Xiaoshuang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience & Glycoengineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China. Electronic address: zhaoxia@ouc.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Xia
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience & Glycoengineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China. Electronic address: glyu@ouc.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Guangli
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Yu
mesh_terms: D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity; D059001:Aquatic Organisms; D002070:Butadienes / Q000494:pharmacology; D004261:DNA Replication / Q000187:drug effects; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000378:metabolism; D056945:Hep G2 Cells; D006514:Hepatitis B Surface Antigens / Q000378:metabolism; D006513:Hepatitis B e Antigens / Q000378:metabolism; D006515:Hepatitis B virus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D016899:Interferon-beta / Q000378:metabolism; D019259:Lamivudine / Q000494:pharmacology; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D009570:Nitriles / Q000494:pharmacology; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D011725:Pyridines / Q000494:pharmacology; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000378:metabolism; D013450:Sulfones / Q000494:pharmacology; D014779:Virus Replication / Q000187:drug effects; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C434003:3-(4-methylphenylsulfonyl)-2-propenenitrile; D000998:Antiviral Agents; D002070:Butadienes; D004279:DNA, Viral; D006514:Hepatitis B Surface Antigens; D006513:Hepatitis B e Antigens; D007093:Imidazoles; D016328:NF-kappa B; D009570:Nitriles; D011134:Polysaccharides; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors; D011725:Pyridines; D012367:RNA, Viral; D013450:Sulfones; C113580:U 0126; C528993:polyguluronate sulfate; D019259:Lamivudine; D016899:Interferon-beta; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; C093642:SB 203580
keywords: Anti-viral activity; Hepatitis B virus; Interferon; Polyguluronate sulfate; Raf/MEK/ERK pathway