title: Relationship between the Temporal Changes in Positron-Emission-Tomography-Imaging-Based Textural Features and Pathologic Response and Survival in Esophageal Cancer Patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Although change in standardized uptake value (SUV) measures and PET-based textural features during treatment have shown promise in tumor response prediction, it is unclear which quantitative measure is the most predictive. We compared the relationship between PET-based features and pathologic response and overall survival with the SUV measures in esophageal cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-four esophageal cancer patients received PET/CT scans before and after chemoradiotherapy. Of these, 45 patients underwent surgery and were classified into complete, partial, and non-responders to the preoperative chemoradiation. SUVmax and SUVmean, two cooccurrence matrix (Entropy and Homogeneity), two run-length matrix (RLM) (high-gray-run emphasis and Short-run high-gray-run emphasis), and two size-zone matrix (high-gray-zone emphasis and short-zone high-gray emphasis) textures were computed. The relationship between the relative difference of each measure at different treatment time points and the pathologic response and overall survival was assessed using the area under the receiver-operating-characteristic curve (AUC) and Kaplan-Meier statistics, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All Textures, except Homogeneity, were better related to pathologic response than SUVmax and SUVmean. Entropy was found to significantly distinguish non-responders from the complete (AUC = 0.79, p = 1.7 × 10(-4)) and partial (AUC = 0.71, p = 0.01) responders. Non-responders can also be significantly differentiated from partial and complete responders by the change in the run-length and size-zone matrix textures (AUC = 0.71-0.76, p ≤ 0.02). Homogeneity, SUVmax, and SUVmean failed to differentiate between any of the responders (AUC = 0.50-0.57, p ≥ 0.46). However, none of the measures were found to significantly distinguish between complete and partial responders with AUC <0.60 (p = 0.37). Median Entropy and RLM textures significantly discriminated patients with good and poor survival (log-rank p < 0.02), while all other textures and survival were poorly related (log-rank p > 0.25).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  For the patients studied, temporal changes in Entropy and all RLM were better correlated with pathological response and survival than the SUV measures. The hypothesis that these metrics can be used as clinical predictors of better patient outcomes will be tested in a larger patient dataset in the future.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston MA , USA.
authors.forename: Stephen S F
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Yip
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston MA , USA.
authors.forename: Thibaud P
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: Coroller
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston MA , USA.
authors.forename: Nina N
authors.initials: NN
authors.lastname: Sanford
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston MA , USA.
authors.forename: Harvey
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mamon
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA, USA; Department of Radiology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA, USA.
authors.forename: Hugo J W L
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Aerts
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston MA , USA.
authors.forename: Ross I
authors.initials: RI
authors.lastname: Berbeco
keywords: PET imaging; esophageal cancer; neoadjuvant therapy; pathologic response; texture analysis