title: Determination of Environmental Exposure to Microcystin and Aflatoxin as a Risk for Renal Function Based on 5493 Rural People in Southwest China.
abstract: Although the nephrotoxicity of microcystin and aflatoxin has been observed in animal and clinical cases, few population data are available. We conducted a cross-sectional study in Southwest China to investigate the association of renal function indicators (RFIs, including BUN, SCr, and eGFR) with exposure to microcystin and aflatoxin in 5493 members of the general population. Microcystin-LR levels in water and aquatic products and aflatoxin B1 levels in daily foods were measured by ELISA, and individual estimated daily intake (EDI) was assessed on the basis of the measurement and questionnaire. We found that participants with abnormal RFIs had a much higher mean level of microcystin-LR EDI than those with normal RFIs and that there was a significant increasing trend for abnormal rates and odds ratios of RFIs with increasing microcystin-LR EDI quartiles (p for trend = 0.000). Compared with the lowest quartile of microcystin-LR exposure, those in the highest quartile had significantly higher risks of abnormal BUN (OR = 1.80, 95% CI = 1.34-2.42), SCr (OR = 4.58, 95% CI = 2.92-7.21), and eGFR (OR = 4.41, 95% CI = 2.55-7.63), respectively, but no higher risk was found in subjects with higher AFB1 exposure. After adjustment for confounding factors, risk associations with microcystin-LR persisted. Consequently, our results suggest that microcystin, rather than aflatoxin, might be one important risk of renal-function impairment.
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Wenyi
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zeng
authors.affiliation: The Center for Disease Control and Prevention in Fuling District , Chongqing, 408000 China.
authors.forename: Chaowen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pu
authors.affiliation: The Center for Disease Control and Prevention in Fuling District , Chongqing, 408000 China.
authors.forename: Renping
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Zhiqun
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Qiu
authors.forename: Ji-An
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Lingqiao
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Yao
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.forename: Chuanfen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.forename: Xiaohong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: The Center for Disease Control and Prevention in Fuling District , Chongqing, 408000 China.
authors.forename: Yingqiao
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.forename: Yujing
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Jiaohua
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.forename: Xiaobin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.affiliation: College of Life Science and Engineering, Chongqing Three Gorges University , Wanzhou, Chongqing, 404100 China.
authors.forename: Guosheng
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.affiliation: The Center for Disease Control and Prevention in Fuling District , Chongqing, 408000 China.
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.affiliation: The Center for Disease Control and Prevention in Fuling District , Chongqing, 408000 China.
authors.forename: Heng
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Township Central Hospital in Yihe Town , Fuling District, Chongqing, 408104 China.
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Community Health Service Center in Lidu Town , Fuling District, Chongqing, 408103 China.
authors.forename: Changyou
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.forename: Jia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Ziyuan
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Tiantian
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.forename: Yonglin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zuo
authors.forename: Liping
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Lixiong
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Yaoping
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Weiqun
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Shu
mesh_terms: D000348:Aflatoxins; D000818:Animals; D002681:China; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D006801:Humans; D052998:Microcystins
chemical_list: D000348:Aflatoxins; D052998:Microcystins