title: An evaluation of 30 clinical drugs against the comprehensive in vitro proarrhythmia assay (CiPA) proposed ion channel panel.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The Comprehensive in vitro Proarrhythmia Assay (CiPA) is intended to address the misidentification of drug-associated torsade de pointes risk based solely on hERG and QT data. This new paradigm will consist of four interrelated components, one of which is a panel consisting of six ion channels whose currents are important in both depolarization and repolarization of the cardiac action potential. This study examined the effects of 30 clinical drugs on these ion channels.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ion currents were evaluated in expression systems using the manual whole cell patch clamp technique. Currents were elicited using either a ventricular action potential waveform or step-ramp voltage protocols.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the seven ion currents studied, hERG was the most often blocked current followed by Nav1.5-late, and Cav1.2. Using a 20% reduction in current amplitude as an arbitrary maker, at a free plasma Cmax concentration, no drug tested blocked Nav1.5-peak, KvLQT1/mink, Kir2.1 and Kv4.3 by that amount. At a 3x free plasma Cmax, every current except Kir2.1 had at least one drug reduce current amplitude by at least 20%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is the first study of its kind to examine the effects of 30 clinical drugs against the seven ion currents currently proposed to makeup the CiPA ion channel panel. The results indicate the importance of drug-induced block of hERG, Nav1.5-late and Cav1.2 at clinically relevant concentrations, with low risk torsade drugs having equal or greater Nav1.5-late or Cav1.2 block compared to hERG block. In addition, the results of this study provide data which can be used to test the ability of various in silico models to predict drug-induced arrhythmias.
authors.affiliation: Cytocentrics, New Orleans, LA, United States. Electronic address: w.crumb@cytocentrics.com.
authors.forename: William J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Crumb
authors.affiliation: Office of Clinical Pharmacology, Office of Translational Sciences, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Association, Silver Spring, MD, United States.
authors.forename: Jose
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vicente
authors.affiliation: Office of Clinical Pharmacology, Office of Translational Sciences, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Association, Silver Spring, MD, United States.
authors.forename: Lars
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Johannesen
authors.affiliation: Office of Clinical Pharmacology, Office of Translational Sciences, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Association, Silver Spring, MD, United States.
authors.forename: David G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Strauss
mesh_terms: D000200:Action Potentials / Q000187:drug effects; D001145:Arrhythmias, Cardiac / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000503:physiopathology; D020746:Calcium Channels, L-Type / Q000187:drug effects; D051638:Ether-A-Go-Go Potassium Channels / Q000187:drug effects; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007473:Ion Channels / Q000187:drug effects*; D062554:NAV1.5 Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel / Q000187:drug effects; D018408:Patch-Clamp Techniques; D026902:Potassium Channel Blockers / Q000494:pharmacology; D024642:Potassium Channels, Voltage-Gated / Q000187:drug effects; D016171:Torsades de Pointes / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D020746:Calcium Channels, L-Type; D051638:Ether-A-Go-Go Potassium Channels; D007473:Ion Channels; C496884:KCNH1 protein, human; C419385:L-type calcium channel alpha(1C); D062554:NAV1.5 Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel; D026902:Potassium Channel Blockers; D024642:Potassium Channels, Voltage-Gated; C568320:SCN5A protein, human
keywords: CiPA; Electrophysiology; Ion channels; Manual patch clamp; Torsade de pointes