title: Identification of Medicinal Mugua Origin by Near Infrared Spectroscopy Combined with Partial Least-squares Discriminant Analysis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Mugua is a common Chinese herbal medicine. There are three main medicinal origin places in China, Xuancheng City Anhui Province, Qijiang District Chongqing City, Yichang City, Hubei Province, and suitable for food origin places Linyi City Shandong Province.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To construct a qualitative analytical method to identify the origin of medicinal Mugua by near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS).
  
  
  METHODS
  Partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLSDA) model was established after the Mugua derived from five different origins were preprocessed by the original spectrum. Moreover, the hierarchical cluster analysis was performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The result showed that PLSDA model was established. According to the relationship of the origins-related important score and wavenumber, and K-mean cluster analysis, the Muguas derived from different origins were effectively identified.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  NIRS technology can quickly and accurately identify the origin of Mugua, provide a new method and technology for the identification of Chinese medicinal materials.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  After preprocessed by D1+autoscale, more peaks were increased in the preprocessed Mugua in the near infrared spectrumFive latent variable scores could reflect the information related to the origin place of MuguaOrigins of Mugua were well-distinguished according to K. mean value clustering analysis. Abbreviations used: TCM: Traditional Chinese Medicine, NIRS: Near infrared spectroscopy, SG: Savitzky-Golay smoothness, D1: First derivative, D2: Second derivative, SNV: Standard normal variable transformation, MSC: Multiplicative scatter correction, PLSDA: Partial least squares discriminant analysis, LV: Latent variable, VIP scores: Important score.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, West Anhui University, Anhui, Lu'an 237012, China.
authors.forename: Bangxing
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China.
authors.forename: Huasheng
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212018, China.
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yan
keywords: Chinese geoherbs; Mugua; near infrared spectroscopy; origin identification; partial least-squares discriminant analysis model