title: Carbohydrate-conjugated fluorescent silica nanoprobes for selective detection of galectin-1 and prostate cancer cells.
abstract: Carbohydrate-conjugated fluorescent silica nanoprobes were prepared and used as a platform for galectin-1 and prostate cancer cell detection. The nanoparticles were efficiently conjugated using native, unprotected carbohydrate structures following a photochemical approach, resulting in lactose- and cellobiose-conjugated probes, respectively. The probes were used to challenge binding to galectin-1, an overexpressed galactose-selective lectin at prostate cancer cell surfaces, and the results show that lactose-conjugated nanoprobes exhibit differential binding behavior with prostate cancer cells and normal prostate cells. In particular, lactose-conjugated fluorescent silica nanoparticles showed specific binding to PC3 cells pre-treated with a reducing agent. The results indicate that galectin-1 expression and galectin-1-selective nanoparticles are potentially useful for sensitive and selective detection of prostate cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Portland State University, Portland, OR 97201, USA.
authors.forename: Ke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Portland State University, Portland, OR 97201, USA.
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA.
authors.forename: Hao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Geng
authors.affiliation: Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA.
authors.forename: Tomasz M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Beer
authors.affiliation: Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA.
authors.forename: David Z
authors.initials: DZ
authors.lastname: Qian
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, KTH - Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Olof
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Ramström
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Portland State University, Portland, OR 97201, USA; Department of Chemistry, KTH - Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, MA 01854, USA.
authors.forename: Mingdi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yan
keywords: Carbohydrate; Fluorescence; Galectin; Prostate cancer; Silica nanoparticle