title: Advances in paper-based sample pretreatment for point-of-care testing.
abstract: In recent years, paper-based point-of-care testing (POCT) has been widely used in medical diagnostics, food safety and environmental monitoring. However, a high-cost, time-consuming and equipment-dependent sample pretreatment technique is generally required for raw sample processing, which are impractical for low-resource and disease-endemic areas. Therefore, there is an escalating demand for a cost-effective, simple and portable pretreatment technique, to be coupled with the commonly used paper-based assay (e.g. lateral flow assay) in POCT. In this review, we focus on the importance of using paper as a platform for sample pretreatment. We firstly discuss the beneficial use of paper for sample pretreatment, including sample collection and storage, separation, extraction, and concentration. We highlight the working principle and fabrication of each sample pretreatment device, the existing challenges and the future perspectives for developing paper-based sample pretreatment technique.
authors.affiliation: a School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University , Xi'an , P.R. China.|b Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology , Northwestern Polytechnical University , Xi'an , P.R. China.|c The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education , School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , P.R. China.|d Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC) , Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , P.R. China.
authors.forename: Rui Hua
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: a School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University , Xi'an , P.R. China.|b Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology , Northwestern Polytechnical University , Xi'an , P.R. China.
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: c The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education , School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , P.R. China.|d Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC) , Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , P.R. China.|e Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering , University of Malaya , Lembah Pantai , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia.
authors.forename: Jane Ru
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: c The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education , School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , P.R. China.|d Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC) , Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , P.R. China.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Gong
authors.affiliation: c The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education , School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , P.R. China.|d Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC) , Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , P.R. China.
authors.forename: Shang Sheng
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.affiliation: e Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering , University of Malaya , Lembah Pantai , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia.
authors.forename: Belinda
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Pingguan-Murphy
authors.affiliation: a School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University , Xi'an , P.R. China.|b Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology , Northwestern Polytechnical University , Xi'an , P.R. China.
authors.forename: Qing Sheng
authors.initials: QS
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: a School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University , Xi'an , P.R. China.|b Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology , Northwestern Polytechnical University , Xi'an , P.R. China.
authors.forename: Jun Ling
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.affiliation: a School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University , Xi'an , P.R. China.|b Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology , Northwestern Polytechnical University , Xi'an , P.R. China.
authors.forename: Qi Bing
authors.initials: QB
authors.lastname: Mei
authors.affiliation: c The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education , School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , P.R. China.|d Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC) , Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , P.R. China.
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Xu
mesh_terms: D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D059022:Food Safety / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D046210:Microfluidic Analytical Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D010209:Paper; D019095:Point-of-Care Systems / Q000639:trends*; D000067716:Point-of-Care Testing
keywords: Concentration; extraction; paper-based device; point-of-care testing; sample collection; separation