title: Value of higher-resolution MRI in assessing middle cerebral atherosclerosis and predicting capsular warning syndrome.
abstract: To investigate the correlation between middle cerebral atherosclerosis and capsular warning syndrome (CWS) and assess the value of higher-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in prognostication.
  
  
  
  In all, 97 transient ischemic attack (TIA) patients who underwent an MRI from February 2010 to December 2013 were included in the retrospective study and divided into either a CWS or middle cerebral artery (MCA) TIA group according to their eventual clinical diagnosis. 3T MRI included fast-spin echo T2-weighted imaging, double-inverse recovery T1-weighted imaging, and T1contrast-enhanced scan sequences. Baseline characteristics, MRI results in terms of MCA plaque formation, plaque characteristics such as enhancement, and development of infarction were compared between the two groups to study the distribution and characteristics of cerebral atherosclerotic plaques. Multivariate analysis identified factors associated with infarction 1 week after plaque identification.
  
  
  
  Based on the MR images, 76% of both groups of patients had middle cerebral atherosclerosis. Compared to TIA patients, the median age of CWS patients was younger (58 [range 42-73] vs. 67 [36-84] years, P = 0.003), and CWS patients had a lower rate of stroke history (10.9% vs. 41.2%, P = 0.001). Infarction was more common in CWS patients than in TIA patients (52.2% vs. 20.5%, P = 0.003) and a superior plaque was correlated with infarction occurrence (odds ratio 5.674, 95% confidence interval 1.112-28.958).
  
  
  
  Patients with CWS have large arterial plaques, including MCA plaques. There was a correlation between CWS and the MCA plaque location. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2016;44:1277-1283.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Daqing Oilfield General Hospital, Daqing, Heilongjiang Province, China. xxu150339@sina.com.
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Heilongjiang Provincial Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China.
authors.forename: Yafen
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.affiliation: Department of MRI, Daqing Oilfield General Hospital, Daqing, Heilongjiang Province, China.
authors.forename: Xiandong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Daqing Oilfield General Hospital, Daqing, Heilongjiang Province, China.
authors.forename: Lili
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Daqing Oilfield General Hospital, Daqing, Heilongjiang Province, China.
authors.forename: Zhitang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Daqing Oilfield General Hospital, Daqing, Heilongjiang Province, China.
authors.forename: Junjie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015984:Causality; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D015897:Comorbidity; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted; D020244:Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D002546:Ischemic Attack, Transient / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D018810:Magnetic Resonance Angiography / Q000592:standards*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D011379:Prognosis; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
keywords: capsular warning syndrome; high-resolution nuclear magnetic resonance; lacunar transient ischemic attack; middle cerebral atherosclerosis; plaque buildup