title: Diagnosis and treatment in primary bladder small cell carcinoma: Literature review.
abstract: Small cell bladder carcinoma is a rare and frequently fatal disease. It can be distinguished from classical urothelial carcinoma microscopically and immunohistochemically. Small cell bladder carcinoma has histologically similar properties with other small cell carcinomas in other organs. It has a worse prognosis when compared to urothelial bladder cancer. Multimodal treatments are recommended although there is no widely accepted consensus regarding to the treatment algorithm because of its rarity. In this review, clinical properties and diagnosis of small cell bladder carcinoma, its histopathological and immunohistochemical properties and treatment modalities are examined.
authors.affiliation: Tepecik Educational and Research Hospital, Urology Department, Izmir. orcuncelik82@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Orcun
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Celik
authors.forename: Gokhan
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ekin
authors.forename: Tumay
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ipekci
authors.forename: Salih
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Budak
authors.forename: Yusuf Ozlem
authors.initials: YO
authors.lastname: Ilbey
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D018288:Carcinoma, Small Cell / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D002295:Carcinoma, Transitional Cell / Q000473:pathology*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D006801:Humans; D011379:Prognosis; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*