title: Recombinant Botulinum Toxoids: A Practical Guide for Production.
abstract: Clostridium botulinum is a Gram-positive, spore-forming, anaerobic bacillus that produces a potent neurotoxin. Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) are classified from serotypes A to H, and even though they have similar mechanisms of action, they show preferential hosts. In veterinary medicine, BoNT serotypes C and D are the most important, once several animal species are susceptible to them. Since BoNTs are the most potent toxins known in nature, the best way to control botulism in animals is through vaccination. However, current commercial vaccines are based on inactivated toxins (toxoids) and cells (bacterins) and present many drawbacks, such as a time-consuming production with variable antigen yield and biosafety risks. Recombinant vaccines, especially those produced by Escherichia coli expression system, have proved to be an interesting alternative to overcome these problems. E. coli is a very well-known microorganism that allows the production of large amounts of nontoxic recombinant antigens in a short period using simple culture medium reducing the production complexity and decreasing most of the biosafety risks involved in the process. We describe herein a method for the production of recombinant vaccines for veterinary medicine application, involving initial steps of gene design up to vaccine formulation and evaluation itself.
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Imunologia Aplicada, Núcleo de Biotecnologia, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, CEP 96160-000, Brazil.
authors.forename: Gustavo Marçal S G
authors.initials: GMSG
authors.lastname: Moreira
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Imunologia Aplicada, Núcleo de Biotecnologia, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, CEP 96160-000, Brazil.
authors.forename: Clóvis
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Moreira
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Imunologia Aplicada, Núcleo de Biotecnologia, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, CEP 96160-000, Brazil.
authors.forename: Carlos Eduardo P
authors.initials: CEP
authors.lastname: da Cunha
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Imunologia Aplicada, Núcleo de Biotecnologia, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, CEP 96160-000, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marcelo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mendonça
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Imunologia Aplicada, Núcleo de Biotecnologia, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, CEP 96160-000, Brazil. fabricio.rochedo@ufpel.edu.br.
authors.forename: Fabricio R
authors.initials: FR
authors.lastname: Conceição
mesh_terms: D001428:Bacterial Vaccines / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D001905:Botulinum Toxins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D004339:Drug Compounding; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000235:genetics; D005818:Genetic Engineering / Q000379:methods*; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D012449:Safety; D012995:Solubility
chemical_list: D001428:Bacterial Vaccines; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D001905:Botulinum Toxins
keywords: Botulinum neurotoxins; Botulism; Clostridium botulinum; Escherichia coli; Recombinant toxoid; Recombinant vaccine