title: Central Sympathetic Modulation Reverses Microvascular Alterations in a Rat Model of High-Fat Diet-Induced Metabolic Syndrome.
abstract: The objective of this study was to investigate the role of the SNS on hemodynamic, metabolic, and microvascular alterations in a rat model of HFD-induced MS with salt supplementation.
  
  
  
  In total, 40 adult male Wistar rats were fed normal chow (n = 10) or a HFD (n = 30) for 20 weeks. Thereafter, the HFD group received the centrally acting sympatho-modulatory drugs clonidine (0.1 mg/kg) or rilmenidine (1 mg/kg) or vehicle (n = 10/group) orally by gavage. FCD was evaluated using intravital video microscopy, and the SCD was evaluated using histochemical analysis.
  
  
  
  The pharmacological modulation of the SNS induced concomitant reductions in SBP, HR and plasma catecholamine levels. These effects were accompanied by a reversal of functional and structural capillary rarefaction in the skeletal muscle in both treated groups and an increase in SCD in the left ventricle only in the rilmenidine group. Improvement of the lipid profile and of glucose intolerance was also obtained only with rilmenidine treatment.
  
  
  
  Modulation of sympathetic overactivity results in the reversal of microvascular rarefaction in the skeletal muscle and left ventricle and improves metabolic parameters in an experimental model of MS in rats.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Cardiovascular Investigation, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.|Laboratory of Neurobiology and Cardiovascular Pharmacology, EA 7296, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.
authors.forename: Alessandro R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Nascimento
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Cardiovascular Investigation, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marcus V
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Machado
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Cardiovascular Investigation, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Fabiana
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gomes
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Inflammation Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Aline B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Vieira
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Cassiano F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Gonçalves-de-Albuquerque
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Cardiovascular Investigation, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marcos A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Lessa
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Neurobiology and Cardiovascular Pharmacology, EA 7296, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.
authors.forename: Pascal
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bousquet
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Cardiovascular Investigation, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Eduardo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Tibiriçá
mesh_terms: D000316:Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; D000818:Animals; D003000:Clonidine / Q000494:pharmacology; D059305:Diet, High-Fat; D000069416:Intravital Microscopy; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology*; D008833:Microcirculation / Q000187:drug effects; D055806:Microvessels / Q000187:drug effects*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000098:blood supply; D010080:Oxazoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D000077769:Rilmenidine; D017673:Sodium Chloride, Dietary / Q000494:pharmacology; D013564:Sympathetic Nervous System / Q000187:drug effects*; D013565:Sympatholytics / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000316:Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; D010080:Oxazoles; D017673:Sodium Chloride, Dietary; D013565:Sympatholytics; D003000:Clonidine; D000077769:Rilmenidine
keywords: imidazoline receptors; intravital video microscopy; microvascular rarefaction; sympathetic overactivity