title: Gender-Specific Association between Angiotensin II Type 2 Receptor -1332 A/G Gene Polymorphism and Advanced Carotid Atherosclerosis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The angiotensin II type 2 receptor (AT2R) -1332 A/G polymorphism has been denoted as functional and associated with certain cardiovascular disease phenotypes. However, there are no studies considering the association of this gene polymorphism with carotid atherosclerosis (CA) and cerebrovascular events. Therefore, the aim of our study was to investigate a possible association of the AT2R -1332 A/G polymorphism with the occurrence of carotid plaques (CPs) and history of cerebrovascular insult (CVI) in advanced CA.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study group included 381 controls and 509 patients with CA consecutively admitted for endarterectomy. Genotyping was determined by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method. The association was analyzed separately for males and females because the AT2R gene is located on the X chromosome.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The AT2R -1332 GG genotype was associated with the advanced CA in the female study group (recessive model of inheritance, AA+AG versus GG; adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 2.25; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.17-4.33; P = .01). In the male subgroup of patients with CA, the significant overrepresentation of G/- hemizygote was detected in patients with CVI compared to male patients without this event (crude OR = 2.05, 95% CI 1.20-3.50, P = .008).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study suggests a gender-specific association between the AT2R -1332 A/G polymorphism and the occurrence of CP and the history of CVI in advanced CA, but further replication studies are needed.
authors.affiliation: Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, Laboratory for Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kolaković
authors.affiliation: Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, Laboratory for Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia. Electronic address: alexas@vinca.rs.
authors.forename: Aleksandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Stanković
authors.affiliation: Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, Laboratory for Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
authors.forename: Tamara
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Djurić
authors.affiliation: Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, Laboratory for Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
authors.forename: Maja
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Živković
authors.affiliation: Clinic for the Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Clinical Centre of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia; Medical Faculty, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
authors.forename: Igor
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Končar
authors.affiliation: Clinic for the Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Clinical Centre of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia; Medical Faculty, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
authors.forename: Lazar
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Davidović
authors.affiliation: Department of Vascular Surgery, Dedinje Cardiovascular Institute, Belgrade, Serbia; Medical Faculty, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
authors.forename: Djordje
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Radak
authors.affiliation: Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, Laboratory for Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
authors.forename: Dragan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Alavantić
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002339:Carotid Arteries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D002340:Carotid Artery Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000235:genetics*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002561:Cerebrovascular Disorders / Q000235:genetics; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D056726:Genetic Association Studies; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D014644:Genetic Variation; D040941:Heredity; D006579:Heterozygote; D006720:Homozygote; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D016017:Odds Ratio; D010375:Pedigree; D010641:Phenotype; D058226:Plaque, Atherosclerotic; D044139:Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 2 / Q000235:genetics*; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors
chemical_list: D044139:Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 2
keywords: Angiotensin receptor type 2; carotid plaque; cerebrovascular insult; polymorphism