title: Spondias tuberosa (Anacardiaceae) leaves: profiling phenolic compounds by HPLC-DAD and LC-MS/MS and in vivo anti-inflammatory activity.
abstract: Spondias tuberosa is a medicinal plant used by several local communities in northeast Brazil to treat infections, digestive disorders and inflammatory conditions. The study aimed to identify and quantify the major phenolic in hydroethanolic extract of leaves from S. tuberosa and to evaluate its anti-inflammatory potential. The chemical profile of extract was analyzed by HPLC-DAD and HPLC-MS. The in vivo anti-inflammatory activity was investigated in carrageenan-induced hind paw edema and peritonitis models in mice. Identified and quantified through HPLC-DAD or HPLC-MS analyses of S. tuberosa extract were the following compounds: chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, rutin and isoquercitrin. The inflammatory response to carrageenan was significantly reduced in both models by S. tuberosa extract. In hind paw edema, the edematogenic response was reduced by up to 63.6% and the myeloperoxidase activity was completely inhibited. In the peritonitis model, the total cell migration into the peritoneal cavity was reduced by up to 65%. The results obtained give evidence of the anti-inflammatory action of S. tuberosa and suggest the potential therapeutic benefit of this plant on inflammatory conditions. The chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, rutin and isoquercitrin identified and quantified in S. tuberosa leaves enable us to suggest that these compounds could be used as chemical markers for quality control of derivative products from this species. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Departamento de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Rua General Gustavo Cordeiro de Faria, Petrópolis-, 59012-570, Natal, RN, Brazil.
authors.forename: Emerson Michell
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: da Silva Siqueira
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Tecnologia & Biotecnologia Farmacêutica (TecBioFar), Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas (PPgCF), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Rua General Gustavo Cordeiro de Faria, Petrópolis-, 59012-570, Natal, RN, Brazil.
authors.forename: Juliana
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Félix-Silva
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Departamento de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Rua General Gustavo Cordeiro de Faria, Petrópolis-, 59012-570, Natal, RN, Brazil.
authors.forename: Lorena Maria Lima
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: de Araújo
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Departamento de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Rua General Gustavo Cordeiro de Faria, Petrópolis-, 59012-570, Natal, RN, Brazil.
authors.forename: Julia Morais
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Fernandes
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Departamento de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Rua General Gustavo Cordeiro de Faria, Petrópolis-, 59012-570, Natal, RN, Brazil.
authors.forename: Bárbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Cabral
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Tecnologia & Biotecnologia Farmacêutica (TecBioFar), Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas (PPgCF), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Rua General Gustavo Cordeiro de Faria, Petrópolis-, 59012-570, Natal, RN, Brazil.
authors.forename: Jacyra Antunes Dos Santos
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Gomes
authors.affiliation: Herbário RN, Departamento de Botânica, Ecologia e Zoologia, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Avenida Senador Salgado Filho/ Lagoa, Nova-, 59064-741, Natal, RN, Brazil.
authors.forename: Alan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: de Araújo Roque
authors.affiliation: Núcleo de Pesquisas em Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos, Departamento de Física e Química, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. do Café/ Monte Alegre-, 14040-903, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: José Carlos
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Tomaz
authors.affiliation: Núcleo de Pesquisas em Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos, Departamento de Física e Química, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. do Café/ Monte Alegre-, 14040-903, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Norberto Peporine
authors.initials: NP
authors.lastname: Lopes
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Tecnologia & Biotecnologia Farmacêutica (TecBioFar), Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas (PPgCF), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Rua General Gustavo Cordeiro de Faria, Petrópolis-, 59012-570, Natal, RN, Brazil.
authors.forename: Matheus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: de Freitas Fernandes-Pedrosa
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Departamento de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Rua General Gustavo Cordeiro de Faria, Petrópolis-, 59012-570, Natal, RN, Brazil.
authors.forename: Raquel Brandt
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Giordani
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Departamento de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Rua General Gustavo Cordeiro de Faria, Petrópolis-, 59012-570, Natal, RN, Brazil.
authors.forename: Silvana Maria
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Zucolotto
mesh_terms: D027926:Anacardiaceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D051379:Mice; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry*; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents
keywords: Anacardiaceae; Spondias tuberosa; chemical markers; inflammation; phenolic compounds