title: Debiasing affective forecasting errors with targeted, but not representative, experience narratives.
abstract: To determine whether representative experience narratives (describing a range of possible experiences) or targeted experience narratives (targeting the direction of forecasting bias) can reduce affective forecasting errors, or errors in predictions of experiences.
  
  
  
  In Study 1, participants (N=366) were surveyed about their experiences with 10 common medical events. Those who had never experienced the event provided ratings of predicted discomfort and those who had experienced the event provided ratings of actual discomfort. Participants making predictions were randomly assigned to either the representative experience narrative condition or the control condition in which they made predictions without reading narratives. In Study 2, participants (N=196) were again surveyed about their experiences with these 10 medical events, but participants making predictions were randomly assigned to either the targeted experience narrative condition or the control condition.
  
  
  
  Affective forecasting errors were observed in both studies. These forecasting errors were reduced with the use of targeted experience narratives (Study 2) but not representative experience narratives (Study 1).
  
  
  
  Targeted, but not representative, narratives improved the accuracy of predicted discomfort.
  
  
  
  Public collections of patient experiences should favor stories that target affective forecasting biases over stories representing the range of possible experiences.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Sciences, Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri Columbia, MO, USA. Electronic address: shafferv@health.missouri.edu.
authors.forename: Victoria A
authors.initials: VA
authors.lastname: Shaffer
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin, Oshkosh, Oshkosh, WI, USA.
authors.forename: Elizabeth S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Focella
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.
authors.forename: Laura D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Scherer
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Behavior & Health Education, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
authors.forename: Brian J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Zikmund-Fisher
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000339:Affect; D003695:Delivery of Health Care; D004644:Emotions / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D005544:Forecasting; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D033262:Narration; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Affective forecasting; Decision making; Narratives