title: Migraine in Assiut Governorate, Egypt: epidemiology, risk factors, comorbid conditions and predictors of change from episodic to chronic migraine.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Headache is one of the most common complaints in medicine. Epidemiological and population-based studies reported that migraine has a variable prevalence worldwide. This study was done to estimate the prevalence of migraine across various age groups in Assiut district, Egypt.
  
  
  METHODS
  This is a door-to-door study. It included 4700 randomly selected individuals.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Headache was reported in 1668 subjects (35.49%), of them, 87.65% (n = 1462) had primary headaches. Migraine prevalence was 10.51% with female-to-male ratio of 2.4:1 particularly in ages of 20-40 years. The mean age of patients was 31.46 ± 13.39 years and age at onset was 24.16 ± 12.10 years. Nearly, 63.5% had frequent attacks, 65.2% of the attacks were severe enough to stop daily activities and lasted for >1 day in 32.5% of females compared to 40.7% and 14.5% for males. Chronic or daily migraine was more in females (35.3% versus 20.7% for males). Approximately, 5.6% had chronic migraine and 1.2% had daily migraine from the start, while 24.2% had transformation from episodic to chronic migraine within 6.1 ± 4.4 years. Migraine was prevalent among those with middle educational levels and labor workers. The duration of migraine attacks was found to reduce with age but the chronic/daily migraine increased with age. Hypertension, anxiety, irritable bowel syndrome, and depression were common comorbidities with migraine.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We believe that the work done in this study is informative as it determined the actual prevalence of migraine across various age groups and the important predictors of change in the severity, duration, and frequency of migraine in our locality.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Neurology and Psychiatry , Assiut University Hospital , Assiut , Egypt.
authors.forename: Mahmoud Rafaat
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Kandil
authors.affiliation: a Department of Neurology and Psychiatry , Assiut University Hospital , Assiut , Egypt.
authors.forename: Sherifa Ahmed
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Hamed
authors.affiliation: b Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine , Assiut University , Assiut , Egypt.
authors.forename: Kawthar Abdel-Motagally
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Fadel
authors.affiliation: a Department of Neurology and Psychiatry , Assiut University Hospital , Assiut , Egypt.
authors.forename: Hossam Eldin
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: Khalifa
authors.affiliation: a Department of Neurology and Psychiatry , Assiut University Hospital , Assiut , Egypt.
authors.forename: Mostafa Kamel
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Ghanem
authors.affiliation: a Department of Neurology and Psychiatry , Assiut University Hospital , Assiut , Egypt.
authors.forename: Khaled Osama
authors.initials: KO
authors.lastname: Mohamed
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002908:Chronic Disease; D018672:Community Health Planning; D015897:Comorbidity; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004534:Egypt / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006261:Headache / Q000145:classification / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008881:Migraine Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014505:Urban Population; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: (HDI) Headache Disability Index; (IHS) International Headache Society; (MA).migraine with aura; (MoA) migraine without aura; (TTH) tension-type headache; Comorbidities; Migraine; Prevalence