title: Free-Breathing Radial 3D Fat-Suppressed T1-Weighted Gradient-Echo Sequence for Contrast-Enhanced Pediatric Spinal Imaging: Comparison With T1-Weighted Turbo Spin-Echo Sequence.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to compare free-breathing radially sampled 3D T1-weighted gradient-echo acquisitions (radial volumetric interpolated breath-hold examination [VIBE]) with a T1-weighted turbo spin-echo (TSE) sequence for contrast-enhanced spinal imaging of children with CNS tumors.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-eight consecutively registered children with CNS tumors underwent evaluation of leptomeningeal seeding with 1.5-T MRI that included both radial VIBE and T1-weighted TSE sequences. For qualitative analysis, overall image quality; presence of motion, CSF flow, and radial artifacts; and lesion conspicuity were retrospectively assessed with scoring systems. The signal-intensity uniformity of each sequence was evaluated for quantitative comparison. The acquisition times for each sequence were compared.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Images obtained with the radial VIBE sequence had a higher overall image quality score than did T1-weighted TSE images (3.61 ± 0.73 vs 2.80 ± 0.69, p < 0.001) and lower motion artifact (0.82 ± 0.43 vs 1.29 ± 0.56, p = 0.001) and CSF flow artifact (0 vs 1.68 ± 0.67, p < 0.001) scores. Radial artifacts were found only on radial VIBE images (1.36 ± 0.31 vs 0, p < 0.001). In 13 patients with spinal seeding nodules, radial VIBE images showed greater lesion conspicuity than did T1-weighted TSE images (4.23 ± 0.52 vs 2.47 ± 0.57, p = 0.005). Radial VIBE images had diminished signal-intensity variation compared with T1-weighted TSE images in air, spine, and muscle (p < 0.01). The mean acquisition times were not significantly different between the two sequences (p = 0.117).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  For pediatric spinal imaging, radial VIBE images had better image quality and lesion conspicuity and fewer CSF and respiratory motion artifacts than did T1-weighted TSE images in a similar acquisition time.
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 0380 Korea.|2 Present address: Department of Radiology, Mokdong Hospital, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Hyun-Hae
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 0380 Korea.|3 Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Young Hun
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 0380 Korea.|3 Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.|4 Institute of Radiation Medicine, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Jung-Eun
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Cheon
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 0380 Korea.|5 Present address: Department of Radiology, Kyungpook National University Medical Center, Daegu, Korea.
authors.forename: So Mi
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 0380 Korea.|3 Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.|4 Institute of Radiation Medicine, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Woo Sun
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 0380 Korea.|3 Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.|4 Institute of Radiation Medicine, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: In-One
authors.initials: IO
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: 6 Siemens Healthcare, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: MunYoung
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Paek
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D016477:Artifacts; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003287:Contrast Media; D017352:Echo-Planar Imaging / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods*; D007223:Infant; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008536:Meglumine; D009942:Organometallic Compounds; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013125:Spinal Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D009942:Organometallic Compounds; D008536:Meglumine; C072417:gadoterate meglumine
keywords: MRI; VIBE; children; leptomeningeal seeding; radial sampling; spine