title: Comparison of the oral microbiome of siblings using next-generation sequencing: a pilot study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to compare the oral microbiome of siblings with and without dental caries using next-generation sequencing.
  
  
  METHODS
  To investigate the oral microbiome composition, 14 young siblings, seven with caries and seven without, were enrolled from seven sibling-pair families. Supragingival plaque samples were collected from the cervicobuccal area of posterior teeth. All samples were analyzed by pyrosequencing, based on the 16S rRNA gene hypervariable regions, V1-V4.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The organisms identified belonged to 65 genera. Fifty-two genera were identified in the subjects with caries and 58 in those without; 45 genera were shared by both groups. In the Shannon index, the caries group showed lower bacterial diversity than the caries-free group and the difference was significant (Wilcoxon signed-rank test, P < 0.05). Additionally, similarities between siblings were evident in analyses based on weighted UniFrac distances (P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this study, the diversity of the microbiome was reduced in subjects with dental caries, while similarity between siblings seemed to be retained.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: H-S
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7287-5082
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.|Oral Science Research Center, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: S-O
authors.initials: SO
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.|Oral Science Research Center, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: Oral Science Research Center, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.|Department of Preventive Dentistry and Public Oral Health, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: B I
authors.initials: BI
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Y J
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.|Oral Science Research Center, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: J-H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D003731:Dental Caries / Q000382:microbiology; D006801:Humans; D009055:Mouth / Q000382:microbiology*; D010865:Pilot Projects; D035781:Siblings
keywords: dental caries; next-generation sequencing; oral microbiome; pyrosequencing; sibling