title: Fusarium species identification and fumonisin production in maize kernels from Shandong Province, China, from 2012 to 2014.
abstract: A total of 225 maize kernel samples were collected from Shandong Province in China from 2012 to 2014 and analysed for contamination with Fusarium spp. and fumonisins (FBs) using molecular methods and high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. The results showed that the average incidences of Fusarium spp. in 2012, 2013 and 2014 were 23.3%, 37.1% and 36.5%, respectively, Fusarium verticillioides being the predominant species. In 2012, the average contamination level of FBs was 3071 ng g(-1), which was higher than that in 2014 (2913 ng g(-1)) and 2013 (2072 ng g(-1)). Of all samples, 13% and 19% had FB contamination levels higher than 2000 and 4000 ng g(-1), which are the maximum limits as set by the Food and Drug Administration of the United States and the European Commission, respectively. Therefore, efforts should be taken to minimise the potential risk of FBs to the health of humans and animals.
authors.affiliation: a College of Plant Protection , Agricultural University of Hebei , Baoding , China.|b Laboratory of Mycotoxin and Molecular Plant Pathology , Agricultural University of Hebei , Baoding , China.
authors.forename: Congcong
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: a College of Plant Protection , Agricultural University of Hebei , Baoding , China.|b Laboratory of Mycotoxin and Molecular Plant Pathology , Agricultural University of Hebei , Baoding , China.
authors.forename: Yanxing
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: a College of Plant Protection , Agricultural University of Hebei , Baoding , China.|b Laboratory of Mycotoxin and Molecular Plant Pathology , Agricultural University of Hebei , Baoding , China.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: a College of Plant Protection , Agricultural University of Hebei , Baoding , China.|b Laboratory of Mycotoxin and Molecular Plant Pathology , Agricultural University of Hebei , Baoding , China.
authors.forename: Renjie
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: a College of Plant Protection , Agricultural University of Hebei , Baoding , China.
authors.forename: Minhao
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pang
authors.affiliation: a College of Plant Protection , Agricultural University of Hebei , Baoding , China.|b Laboratory of Mycotoxin and Molecular Plant Pathology , Agricultural University of Hebei , Baoding , China.
authors.forename: Yingchao
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: b Laboratory of Mycotoxin and Molecular Plant Pathology , Agricultural University of Hebei , Baoding , China.
authors.forename: Jingao
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dong
mesh_terms: D002274:Carcinogens, Environmental / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D002681:China; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D002980:Climate; D018556:Crops, Agricultural / Q000737:chemistry / Q000254:growth & development / Q000382:microbiology / Q000592:standards; D005062:European Union; D005506:Food Contamination; D005513:Food Inspection / Q000379:methods; D037341:Fumonisins / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity; D005670:Fusarium / Q000145:classification / Q000254:growth & development / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D057230:Limit of Detection; D058889:Molecular Typing; D016533:Mycological Typing Techniques; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012639:Seeds / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry / Q000254:growth & development / Q000382:microbiology*; D062211:Spatio-Temporal Analysis; D013050:Spectrometry, Fluorescence; D014481:United States; D014486:United States Food and Drug Administration; D003313:Zea mays / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry / Q000254:growth & development / Q000382:microbiology*
chemical_list: D002274:Carcinogens, Environmental; D037341:Fumonisins; C056934:fumonisin B2; C056933:fumonisin B1
keywords: Fusarium species; HPLC-FLD; Maize; PCR; fumonisins; molecular method