title: Isolation of endosulfan sulfate-degrading Rhodococcus koreensis strain S1-1 from endosulfan contaminated soil and identification of a novel metabolite, endosulfan diol monosulfate.
abstract: An aerobic endosulfan sulfate-degrading bacterium, Rhodococcus koreensis strain S1-1, was isolated from soil to which endosulfan had been applied annually for more than 10 years until 2008. The strain isolated in this work reduced the concentration of endosulfan sulfate (2) from 12.25 μM to 2.11 μM during 14 d at 30 °C. Using ultra performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectroscopy (UPLC-ESI-MS), a new highly water-soluble metabolite possessing six chlorine atoms was found to be endosulfan diol monosulfate (6), derived from 2 by hydrolysis of the cyclic sulfate ester ring. The structure of 6 was elucidated by chemical synthesis of the candidate derivatives and by HR-MS and UPLC-MS analyses. Therefore, it was suggested that the strain S1-1 has a new metabolic pathway of 2. In addition, 6 was expected to be less toxic among the metabolites of 1 because of its higher water-solubility.
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Biology and Chemistry, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1-1-1 Sakuragaoka, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 156-8502, Japan; Organochemicals Division, National Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, 3-1-3 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8604, Japan.
authors.forename: Koji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Biology and Chemistry, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1-1-1 Sakuragaoka, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 156-8502, Japan; Organochemicals Division, National Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, 3-1-3 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8604, Japan.
authors.forename: Fujimasa
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kawashima
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Biology and Chemistry, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1-1-1 Sakuragaoka, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 156-8502, Japan; Organochemicals Division, National Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, 3-1-3 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8604, Japan. Electronic address: ktakagi@affrc.go.jp.
authors.forename: Kazuhiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Takagi
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Science, University of Yamanashi, 41-4-37 Takeda, Kofu, Yamanashi, Japan.
authors.forename: Ryota
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kataoka
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai 981-8555, Japan.
authors.forename: Masaaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kotake
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Environmental & Life Science, Okayama University, 1-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiromasa
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kiyota
authors.affiliation: Organochemicals Division, National Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, 3-1-3 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8604, Japan.
authors.forename: Kenichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yamazaki
authors.affiliation: Organochemicals Division, National Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, 3-1-3 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8604, Japan; The Japan Society for the Promotion of Science(JSPS), 1-8 Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Futa
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sakakibara
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Biology and Chemistry, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1-1-1 Sakuragaoka, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 156-8502, Japan.
authors.forename: Sanae
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Okada
mesh_terms: D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D004726:Endosulfan / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000378:metabolism*; D012240:Rhodococcus / Q000145:classification / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000378:metabolism*; D012988:Soil Microbiology; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000378:metabolism*; D013045:Species Specificity
chemical_list: D012989:Soil Pollutants; C544689:endosulfan sulfate; D004726:Endosulfan
keywords: Biodegradation; Endosulfan; Endosulfan diol monosulfate; Endosulfan sulfate; Rhodococcus koreensis