title: Cutinsomes and cuticle enzymes GPAT6 and DGAT2 seem to travel together from a lipotubuloid metabolon (LM) to extracellular matrix of O. umbellatum ovary epidermis.
abstract: In the ovary epidermis of O. umbellatum there are lipotubuloid metabolons (LMs), in which synthesis of lipids takes place. This process partly provides nourishment, and partly cuticle building blocks, transformed, among others, with the participation of cutinsomes. The cutinsomes are cutin-building structures, 40-200nm in size, which are formed as a result of self-assembly and self-esterification of hydroxy fatty acids. The cutinsomes, by binding to the cuticle, introduce into it nonlinear, amorphous and cross-linked polymers. Double-immunogold EM observations revealed that enzymes producing elements of cutin (GPAT6) and waxes (WS/DGAT) were found not only as free cytoplasmic molecules but also in many cases they were bound to carboxylate-carboxylic shell of cuntinsomes. Hence, we suppose that these enzymes can move alone or together with the cutinsomes through cytoplasm (pH 6.8-7.0), plasmalemma and the polysaccharide layer of a cell wall to the site of their functioning i.e. to the cuticle (pH 5.0).
authors.affiliation: Department of Cytophysiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Łódź, Poland. Electronic address: dareks@biol.uni.lodz.pl.
authors.forename: Dariusz
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Stępiński
authors.affiliation: Department of Cytophysiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Łódź, Poland.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kwiatkowska
authors.affiliation: Department of Cytophysiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Łódź, Poland.
authors.forename: Katarzyna
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Popłońska
authors.affiliation: Department of Cytophysiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Łódź, Poland.
authors.forename: Justyna T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Polit
authors.affiliation: Department of Cytophysiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Łódź, Poland.
authors.forename: Agnieszka
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wojtczak
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Hortofruicultura Subtropical y Mediterránea "La Mayora" UMA-CSIC, Universidad de Málaga, Campus d Teatinos, 29071 Málaga, Spain.
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Domίnguez
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Hortofruicultura Subtropical y Mediterránea "La Mayora" UMA-CSIC, Universidad de Málaga, Campus d Teatinos, 29071 Málaga, Spain.
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Heredia
mesh_terms: D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000201:enzymology / Q000502:physiology; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000737:chemistry / Q000201:enzymology / Q000502:physiology; D002473:Cell Wall / Q000737:chemistry / Q000201:enzymology / Q000502:physiology; D051048:Diacylglycerol O-Acyltransferase / Q000378:metabolism*; D005109:Extracellular Matrix / Q000378:metabolism; D035264:Flowers / Q000378:metabolism*; D005992:Glycerol-3-Phosphate O-Acyltransferase / Q000378:metabolism*; D019668:Liliaceae / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism*; D050356:Lipid Metabolism; D008563:Membrane Lipids / Q000737:chemistry*; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry; D019441:Plant Epidermis / Q000378:metabolism*; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D008563:Membrane Lipids; D010940:Plant Proteins; C000521:cutin; D005992:Glycerol-3-Phosphate O-Acyltransferase; D051048:Diacylglycerol O-Acyltransferase
keywords: Cuticle; Cutinsomes; Double-immunogold electron microscopy; GPAT6; Lipotubuloid metabolon; WS/DGAT; Wax