title: The measure of stroke environment (MOSE): development and validation of the MOSE in post-stroke populations with and without aphasia.
abstract: The purpose of this paper is to present the development and psychometric properties of a new environmental measure that identifies barriers and facilitators in receptivity, physical environment and communication for post-stroke populations, including survivors with aphasia.
  
  
  
  The Measure of Stroke Environment (MOSE) was developed using information from semi-structured interviews and three pilot studies. Reliability and validity were assessed in 43 post-stroke participants.
  
  
  
  The MOSE contains 47 items across 33 questions in three domains (receptivity, physical environment, communication). Internal consistency reliability was high (.83 to .85) across each domain and over the entire assessment (.91). Convergent validity showed moderate correlation with the Stroke Impact Scale (.33 to .37), the National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (-.31 to -.46) and the Boston Diagnostic Aphasia Examination (.55 to .61). Persons with aphasia had significantly lower scores on the communication domain. Stroke survivors with (26% overall difficulty) and without aphasia (31% overall difficulty) continue to experience difficulty ≥ 2 years post-stroke.
  
  
  
  The MOSE offers a brief, reliable and valid assessment of environmental barriers and facilitators to participation for post-stroke survivors reintegrating into their communities. Stroke survivors with very mild deficits continue to experience barriers from the environment many years post-stroke. These barriers are not typically identified during the rehabilitation process but persist post-reintegration.
  
  
  
  The MOSE is able to determine how frequently a stroke survivor faces challenges in their environment and how that impacts his or her participation.
authors.affiliation: a Program in Occupational Therapy , Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis , MO , USA.|b Department of Neurology , Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis , MO , USA.
authors.forename: Ganesh M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Babulal
authors.affiliation: a Program in Occupational Therapy , Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis , MO , USA.|b Department of Neurology , Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis , MO , USA.|c Department of Radiology , Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis , MO , USA.
authors.forename: Lisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tabor Connor
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001037:Aphasia / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000295:instrumentation*; D012042:Registries; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D058992:Social Participation / Q000523:psychology*; D020521:Stroke / Q000150:complications / Q000523:psychology*; D000071939:Stroke Rehabilitation; D017741:Survivors / Q000523:psychology*
keywords: Communication; Environment; Participation; Receptivity; Recovery; Stroke