title: Intraoperative monitoring of blood perfusion in port wine stains by laser Doppler imaging during vascular targeted photodynamic therapy: A preliminary study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was to monitor blood perfusion dynamics of port wine stains (PWS) during vascular targeted photodynamic therapy (V-PDT) with laser Doppler imaging (LDI).
  
  
  METHODS
  The PWS lesions of 30 facial PWS patients received V-PDT, while the normal skins on the forearm of 5 healthy subjects were treated as light-only controls for comparison. Furthermore, two different PWS lesions in the same individual from each of 3 PWS patients successively received laser irradiation only and V-PDT, respectively. LDI was used to monitor intraoperative blood perfusion dynamics.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During V-PDT, the blood perfusion (278±96 PU) in PWS lesions for 31 of 33 PWS patients significantly increased after the initiation of V-PDT treatment, then reached a peak (638±105 PU) within 10min, followed by a slow decrease to a relatively lower level (515±100 PU). Furthermore, the time for reaching peak and the subsequent magnitude of decrease in blood perfusion varied with different patients. For light-only controls, an initial perfusion peak at 3min followed by a nadir and a secondary increase were found not only in normal skin, but also in PWS lesions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The preliminary results showed that the LDI permits non-invasive monitoring blood perfusion changes of PWS lesions during V-PDT. There was a clear trend in blood perfusion responses during V-PDT and laser irradiation. The blood perfusion changes during treatment were due to V-PDT effects as well as local temperature increase induced by laser irradiation.
authors.affiliation: School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.
authors.forename: Defu
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Laser Medicine, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China.
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ren
authors.affiliation: Department of Laser Medicine, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China.
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Photonics Technology, Fujian Normal University, Fujian 350007, China.
authors.forename: Buhong
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China; Department of Laser Medicine, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China. Electronic address: guyinglaser301@163.com.
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Gu
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D017078:Laser-Doppler Flowmetry; D008297:Male; D016343:Monitoring, Intraoperative; D055420:Perfusion Imaging; D010778:Photochemotherapy; D019339:Port-Wine Stain / Q000628:therapy*
keywords: Blood perfusion; Laser Doppler imaging; Microvascular response; Port wine stains; Vascular targeted photodynamic therapy