title: Leaf proteome characterization in the context of physiological and morphological changes in response to copper stress in sorghum.
abstract: Copper (Cu) is an essential micronutrient required for normal growth and development of plants; however, at elevated concentrations in soil, copper is also generally considered to be one of the most toxic metals to plant cells due to its inhibitory effects against many physiological and biochemical processes. In spite of its potential physiological and economical significance, molecular mechanisms under Cu stress has so far been grossly overlooked in sorghum. To explore the molecular alterations that occur in response to copper stress, the present study was performed in ten-day-old Cu-exposed leaves of sorghum seedlings. The growth characteristics were markedly inhibited, and ionic alterations were prominently observed in the leaves when the seedlings were exposed to different concentrations (0, 100, and 150 µM) of CuSO4. Using two-dimensional gels with silver staining, 643 differentially expressed protein spots (≥1.5-fold) were identified as either significantly increased or reduced in abundance. Of these spots, a total of 24 protein spots (≥1.5-fold) from Cu-exposed sorghum leaves were successfully analyzed by MALDI-TOF-TOF mass spectrometry. Of the 24 differentially expressed proteins from Cu-exposed sorghum leaves, 13 proteins were up-regulated, and 11 proteins were down-regulated. The abundance of most identified protein species, which function in carbohydrate metabolism, stress defense and protein translation, was significantly enhanced, while that of another protein species involved in energy metabolism, photosynthesis and growth and development were severely reduced. The resulting differences in protein expression patterns together with related morpho-physiological processes suggested that these results could help to elucidate plant adaptation to Cu stress and provide insights into the molecular mechanisms of Cu responses in C4 plants.
authors.affiliation: Department of Crop Science, Chungbuk National University, 410 Seongbong-ro, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 361-763, Korea.
authors.forename: Swapan Kumar
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Roy
authors.affiliation: Department of Crop Science, Chungbuk National University, 410 Seongbong-ro, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 361-763, Korea.
authors.forename: Soo Jeong
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.affiliation: Division of Crop Breeding Research, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju-Gun, Korea.
authors.forename: Seong-Woo
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Abu Hena Mostafa
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Kamal
authors.affiliation: Department of Crop Science, Chungbuk National University, 410 Seongbong-ro, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 361-763, Korea.
authors.forename: Sang-Woo
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Crop Science, Chungbuk National University, 410 Seongbong-ro, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 361-763, Korea.
authors.forename: Kabita
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sarker
authors.affiliation: National Agrobiodiversity Center, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju, Korea.
authors.forename: Myeong-Won
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.affiliation: Department of Industrial Plant Science & Technology, Chungbuk National University, Cheong-ju, Korea.
authors.forename: Moon-Soon
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental & Biological Chemistry, Chungbuk National University, Cheong-ju, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Keun-Yook
authors.initials: KY
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.affiliation: Plant Stress and Germplasm Development Unit, USDA-ARS, 3810 4th Street, Lubbock, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Zhanguo
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Xin
authors.affiliation: Department of Crop Science, Chungbuk National University, 410 Seongbong-ro, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 361-763, Korea. shwoo@chungbuk.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Sun-Hee
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Woo
mesh_terms: D019327:Copper Sulfate / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D015180:Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D020543:Proteome / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D045868:Sorghum / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*; D019032:Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization; D013312:Stress, Physiological / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D020543:Proteome; D019327:Copper Sulfate
keywords: 2-DE; Copper; Leaf; Proteomics; Sorghum