title: A novel open-porous magnesium scaffold with controllable microstructures and properties for bone regeneration.
abstract: The traditional production methods of porous magnesium scaffolds are difficult to accurately control the pore morphologies and simultaneously obtain appropriate mechanical properties. In this work, two open-porous magnesium scaffolds with different pore size but in the nearly same porosity are successfully fabricated with high-purity Mg ingots through the titanium wire space holder (TWSH) method. The porosity and pore size can be easily, precisely and individually controlled, as well as the mechanical properties also can be regulated to be within the range of human cancellous bone by changing the orientation of pores without sacrifice the requisite porous structures. In vitro cell tests indicate that the scaffolds have good cytocompatibility and osteoblastic differentiation properties. In vivo findings demonstrate that both scaffolds exhibit acceptable inflammatory responses and can be almost fully degraded and replaced by newly formed bone. More importantly, under the same porosity, the scaffolds with larger pore size can promote early vascularization and up-regulate collagen type 1 and OPN expression, leading to higher bone mass and more mature bone formation. In conclusion, a new method is introduced to develop an open-porous magnesium scaffold with controllable microstructures and mechanical properties, which has great potential clinical application for bone reconstruction in the future.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200233, China.
authors.forename: Meng-qi
authors.initials: MQ
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200233, China.
authors.forename: Tuerhongjiang
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wahafu
authors.affiliation: State Key Lab of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
authors.forename: Guo-feng
authors.initials: GF
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200233, China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China.
authors.forename: Yu-qin
authors.initials: YQ
authors.lastname: Qiao
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200233, China.
authors.forename: Xiao-chun
authors.initials: XC
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200233, China.
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200233, China.
authors.forename: Xian-long
authors.initials: XL
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: State Key Lab of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
authors.forename: Guo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China.
authors.forename: Xuan-yong
authors.initials: XY
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D020341:Absorbable Implants / Q000009:adverse effects; D001861:Bone Regeneration; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D024042:Collagen Type I / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008274:Magnesium / Q000737:chemistry; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D053495:Osteopontin / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D016062:Porosity; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry*; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D024042:Collagen Type I; D053495:Osteopontin; D014025:Titanium; D008274:Magnesium