title: Roles of NAD in Protection of Axon against Degeneration via SIRT1 Pathways.
abstract: Axonal degeneration is a common pathological change of neurogenical disease which often arises before the neuron death. But it had not found any effective method to protect axon from degeneration. In this study we intended to confirm the protective effect of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD), investigate the optimal administration dosage and time of NAD, and identify the relationship between silence signal regulating factor 1 (SIRT1) and axonal degeneration. An axonal degeneration model was established using dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons injured by vincristine to observe the protective effects of NAD to the injured axons. In addition, the potential contribution of the SIRT1 in axonal degeneration was also investigated. Through the 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, immunochemistry staining, axons counting and length measuring, transmission electron microscope (TEM) observation, we demonstrated that NAD played an important role in preventing axonal degeneration. Further study revealed that the expression of SIRT1 and phosphorylated Akt1 (p-Akt1) was up-regulated when NAD was added into the culturing medium. Taking together, our results demonstrated that NAD might delay the axonal degeneration through SIRT1/Akt1 pathways.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Experimental Teratology and Department of Anatomy, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan 250012, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Wei-Hua
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Experimental Teratology and Department of Anatomy, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan 250012, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xiao-Xia
authors.initials: XX
authors.lastname: Qi
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Experimental Teratology and Department of Anatomy, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan 250012, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Gui-Bao
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Experimental Teratology and Department of Anatomy, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan 250012, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yan-Lai
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Experimental Teratology and Department of Anatomy, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan 250012, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Qi
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Experimental Teratology and Department of Anatomy, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan 250012, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Zhao-Xi
authors.initials: ZX
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Experimental Teratology and Department of Anatomy, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan 250012, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Hong-Yu
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Histology and Embryology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan 250012, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hao
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Experimental Teratology and Department of Anatomy, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan 250012, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Jin-Hao
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Sun
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000633:toxicity; D001369:Axons / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology*; D002452:Cell Count; D005727:Ganglia, Spinal / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D009243:NAD / Q000378:metabolism*; D009410:Nerve Degeneration / Q000378:metabolism*; D016501:Neurites / Q000187:drug effects; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010766:Phosphorylation; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D056564:Sirtuin 1 / Q000187:drug effects*; D014750:Vincristine / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D009243:NAD; D014750:Vincristine; C494920:Akt1 protein, rat; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; C488368:Sirt1 protein, rat; D056564:Sirtuin 1