title: Vitamin E supplementation inhibits muscle damage and inflammation after moderate exercise in hypoxia.
abstract: Exercise under hypoxic conditions represents an additional stress in relation to exercise in normoxia. Hypoxia induces oxidative stress and inflammation as mediated through tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α release that might be exacerbated through exercise. In addition, vitamin E supplementation might attenuate oxidative stress and inflammation resulting from hypoxia during exercise. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of vitamin E supplementation (250 mg) on inflammatory parameters and cellular damage after exercise under hypoxia simulating an altitude of 4200 m.
  
  
  
  Nine volunteers performed three sessions of 60 min of exercise (70% maximal oxygen uptake) interspersed for 1 week under normoxia, hypoxia and hypoxia after vitamin E supplementation 1 h before exercise. Blood was collected before, immediately after and at 1 h after exercise to measure inflammatory parameters and cell damage.
  
  
  
  Percentage oxygen saturation of haemoglobin decreased after exercise and recovered 1 h later in the hypoxia + vitamin condition (P < 0.05). Supplementation decreased creatine kinase (CK)-TOTAL, CK-MB and lactate dehydrogenase 1 h after exercise (P < 0.05). The exercise in hypoxia increased interleukin (IL)-6, TNF-α, IL-1ra and IL-10 immediately after exercise (P < 0.05). Supplementation reversed the changes observed after exercise in hypoxia without supplementation (P < 0.05).
  
  
  
  We conclude that 250 mg of vitamin E supplementation at 1 h before exercise reduces cell damage markers after exercise in hypoxia and changes the concentration of cytokines, suggesting a possible protective effect against inflammation induced by hypoxia during exercise.
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioscience, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Santos, Brazil.
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioscience, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Santos, Brazil.
authors.forename: E T
authors.initials: ET
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychobiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: A V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Caris
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Education, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Presidente Prudente, Brazil.
authors.forename: F S
authors.initials: FS
authors.lastname: Lira
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychobiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tufik
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioscience, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Santos, Brazil.|Department of Psychobiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: R V T
authors.initials: RV
authors.lastname: Dos Santos
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000532:Altitude Sickness / Q000503:physiopathology*; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001273:Atmosphere Exposure Chambers; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D015444:Exercise; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000276:immunology / Q000503:physiopathology; D009220:Myositis / Q000209:etiology / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D010101:Oxygen Consumption; D012420:Running; D064133:Sports Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D013997:Time Factors; D014810:Vitamin E / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D000975:Antioxidants; D015415:Biomarkers; D014810:Vitamin E
keywords: altitude; cellular damage; inflammation; physical exercise; supplementation; vitamin E