title: Clinical problems of computer-guided implant surgery.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The utilization of a cone-beam computed tomography (CT)-assisted surgical template allows for predictable results because implant placement plans can be performed in the actual surgery. In order to assess the accuracy of the CT-guided surgery, angular errors and shoulder/apex distance errors were evaluated by data fusion from before and after the placement.
  
  
  METHODS
  Computer-guided implant surgery was performed in five patients with 19 implants. In order to analyze differences of the implant fixture body between preoperative planned implant and postoperative placed implant, angular error and distance errors were evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean angular errors between the preoperative planned and postoperative placed implant was 3.84° ± 1.49°; the mean distance errors between the planned and placed implants were 0.45 ± 0.48 mm horizontally and 0.63 ± 0.51 mm vertically at the implant neck and 0.70 ± 0.63 mm horizontally and 0.64 ± 0.57 mm vertically at the implant apex for all 19 implants.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It is important to be able to utilize these methods in actual clinical settings by improving the various problems, including the considerations of patient mouth opening limitations, surgical guide preparation, and fixation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Chosun University, 375 Seosuk dong, Dong-gu, Gwangju, 501-759 South Korea.
authors.forename: Seong-Yong
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Moon
authors.affiliation: Department of Prosthodontics, Graduate School of Dentistry, Chosun University, 375 Seosuk dong, Dong-gu, Gwangju, 501-759 South Korea.
authors.forename: Kyoung-Rok
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Chosun University, 375 Seosuk dong, Dong-gu, Gwangju, 501-759 South Korea.
authors.forename: Su-Gwan
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Chosun University, 375 Seosuk dong, Dong-gu, Gwangju, 501-759 South Korea.
authors.forename: Mee-Kyoung
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-9225-1744
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Son
keywords: Angular errors; CT-guided surgery; Computer-assisted surgery; Distance errors; Implant