title: Examining the Impact of Video Modeling Techniques on the Efficacy of Clinical Voice Assessment.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of the current study was to determine whether or not presenting patients with a video model improves efficacy of the assessment as defined by efficiency and decreased variability in trials during the acoustic component of voice evaluations.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty pediatric participants with a mean age of 7.6 years (SD = 1.50; range = 6-11 years), 32 college-age participants with a mean age of 21.32 years (SD = 1.61; range = 18-30 years), and 17 adult participants with a mean age of 54.29 years (SD = 2.78; range = 50-70 years) were included in the study and divided into experimental and control groups. The experimental group viewed a training video prior to receiving verbal instructions and performing acoustic assessment tasks, whereas the control group received verbal instruction only prior to completing the acoustic assessment. Primary measures included the number of clinician cues required and instructional time. Standard deviations of acoustic measurements (eg, minimum and maximum frequency) were also examined to determine effects on stability.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Individuals in the experimental group required significantly less cues, P = 0.012, compared to the control group. Although some trends were observed in instructional time and stability of measurements, no significant differences were observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings of this study may be useful for speech-language pathologists in regard to improving assessment of patients' voice disorders with the use of video modeling.
authors.affiliation: Department of Speech Pathology and Audiology, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio.
authors.forename: Cara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Werner
authors.affiliation: Department of Speech Pathology and Audiology, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio.
authors.forename: Samantha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bowyer
authors.affiliation: Department of Speech Pathology and Audiology, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio.
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Weinrich
authors.affiliation: Department of Speech Pathology and Audiology, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio.
authors.forename: Renee
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gottliebson
authors.affiliation: Department of Speech Pathology and Audiology, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio.. Electronic address: bakerse1@miamioh.edu.
authors.forename: Susan Baker
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Brehm
mesh_terms: D000162:Acoustics; D000293:Adolescent; D000368:Aged; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010353:Patient Education as Topic; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D013061:Speech Acoustics; D013068:Speech Production Measurement; D013066:Speech-Language Pathology / Q000379:methods*; D014741:Video Recording; D014832:Voice Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D014833:Voice Quality; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: acoustic analysis; clinical assessment; training; video models; voice disorders