title: Organic two-photon nanoparticles modulate reactive oxygen species, intracellular calcium concentration, and mitochondrial membrane potential during apoptosis of human gastric carcinoma SGC-7901 cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the biocompatibility of human gastric carcinoma cells (SGC-7901) with organic two-photon nanoparticles (NPs).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Different concentrations of NPs were incubated with SGC-7901 cells for different times. The levels of cell apoptosis, reactive oxygen species (ROS), intracellular calcium, and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) were measured by staining the SGC-7901 cells with Annexin V-FITC/PI, 2',7'-dichlorofluorescin diacetate, Fluo-3 AM, and Rhodamine 123, followed by the flow cytometry assay. NPs at <4 µg/ml, did not have any significant effect on apoptosis, necrosis, generation of ROS, increase of intracellular Ca(2+) concentration or decrease of MMP in SGC-7901 cells, but >4 µg/ml had a major effects on all the above mentioned parameters.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  2,5,2',5'-Tetra(4-N,N-diphenylamine styryl) biphenyl NPs can be used at an appropriate concentration as a safe drug carrier or imaging marker and may serve as an effective tool for developing a photodynamic cancer therapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.|Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, No. 71 XinMin Street, Changchun, 130021, China.
authors.forename: Geng
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, No. 71 XinMin Street, Changchun, 130021, China.
authors.forename: Shou-Ying
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, No. 71 XinMin Street, Changchun, 130021, China.
authors.forename: Hamid Tayyab
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Malik
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.
authors.forename: Yu-Guang
authors.initials: YG
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, No. 71 XinMin Street, Changchun, 130021, China. chxuhong@163.com.
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China. gengchen1981@163.com.
authors.forename: Lian-Kun
authors.initials: LK
authors.lastname: Sun
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis / Q000502:physiology; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D006801:Humans; D053078:Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial / Q000502:physiology; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism*; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D002118:Calcium
keywords: Apoptosis; Human gastric carcinoma SGC-7901 cells; Intracellular Ca2+; Mitochondrial membrane potential; Nanoparticles; Organic two-photon nanoparticles; Reactive oxygen species