title: Evaluation of Adhesive Capsulitis of the Shoulder With Fat-Suppressed T2-Weighted MRI: Association Between Clinical Features and MRI Findings.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to examine the association between clinical features and MRI findings in adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study included 103 patients (41 men, 62 women) with adhesive capsulitis. The MRI findings were correlated with pain intensity, range of motion, and clinical stage. Joint capsule edema in the axillary recess, extracapsular edema, obliteration of the subcoracoid fat triangle, and effusion in the long head biceps tendon sheath were assessed by two radiologists using fat-suppressed T2-weighted images. Joint capsule thickness in the axillary recess and degree of external rotation during MRI were also measured. Intraclass correlation coefficient and kappa values were obtained. Associations between MRI findings and clinical features were assessed by statistical analyses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Anterior extracapsular edema was associated with range of motion on external rotation and abduction (p < 0.01). Joint capsule edema in the humeral portion of the axillary recess was associated with range of motion on external rotation (p = 0.01). Joint capsule thickness in the humeral portion of the axillary recess and height of the axillary recess were associated with pain intensity (p < 0.05). Joint capsule edema in the humeral portion of the axillary recess and obliteration of the subcoracoid fat triangle were significantly more common in the early stages of adhesive capsulitis (p < 0.05). Joint capsule thickness in the humeral portion of the axillary recess at stage 1 (4.67 ± 1.73 mm) was significantly different from the thickness at the later stages (stage 2, 3.73 ± 1.49 mm; stages 3 and 4, 3.67 ± 1.44 mm) (p < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MRI is useful for assessing clinical impairment and predicting the clinical stage of adhesive capsulitis.
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Radiology, Division of Musculoskeletal Radiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, 164, World cup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea 443-380.|2 Musculoskeletal Imaging Laboratory, Ajou University Medical Center, Suwon, South Korea.
authors.forename: Sunghoon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: 3 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea.
authors.forename: Doo-Hyung
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: 4 Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea.
authors.forename: Seung-Hyun
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Yoon
authors.affiliation: 5 Regional Clinical Trial Center, Ajou University Medical Center, Suwon, South Korea.|6 Department of Biostatistics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Hyun Young
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Radiology, Division of Musculoskeletal Radiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, 164, World cup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea 443-380.|2 Musculoskeletal Imaging Laboratory, Ajou University Medical Center, Suwon, South Korea.
authors.forename: Kyu-Sung
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Kwack
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002062:Bursitis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010147:Pain Measurement; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular / Q000502:physiology; D012785:Shoulder Joint / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology
keywords: MRI; adhesive capsulitis; frozen shoulder; shoulder