title: Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease in Children with Interstitial Lung Disease.
abstract: Gastroesophageal reflux disease is common in adult patients with interstitial lung disease. However, no data currently exist regarding the prevalence and characteristics of the disease in pediatric patients with interstitial lung disease. The aim of the present study was to prospectively assess the incidence of gastroesophageal reflux disease and characterize its features in children with interstitial lung disease. Gastroesophageal reflux disease was established based on 24 h pH-impedance monitoring (MII-pH). Gastroesophageal reflux episodes (GERs) were classified according to widely recognized criteria as acid, weakly acid, weakly alkaline, or proximal. Eighteen consecutive patients (15 boys, aged 0.2-11.6 years) were enrolled in the study. Gastroesophageal reflux disease was diagnosed in a half (9/18) of children. A thousand GERs were detected by MII-pH (median 53.5; IQR 39.0-75.5). Of these, 585 (58.5 %) episodes were acidic, 407 (40.7 %) were weakly acidic, and eight (0.8 %) were weakly alkaline. There were 637 (63.7 %) proximal GERs. The patients in whom gastroesophageal reflux disease was diagnosed had a significantly higher number of proximal and total GERs. We conclude that the prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux disease in children with interstitial lung disease is high; thus, the disease should be considered regardless of presenting clinical symptoms. A high frequency of non-acid and proximal GERs makes the MII-pH method a preferable choice for the detection of reflux episodes in this patient population.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Warsaw Medical University, 63A Żwirki i Wigury St, 01-091, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Dziekiewicz
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Warsaw Medical University, 63A Żwirki i Wigury St, 01-091, Warsaw, Poland. kasiabochenek2@gmail.com.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Karolewska-Bochenek
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Warsaw Medical University, 63A Żwirki i Wigury St, 01-091, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Ł
authors.initials: Ł
authors.lastname: Dembiński
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Warsaw Medical University, 63A Żwirki i Wigury St, 01-091, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gawronska
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Pneumology and Allergy, Warsaw Medical University, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Krenke
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Pneumology and Allergy, Warsaw Medical University, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lange
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Warsaw Medical University, 63A Żwirki i Wigury St, 01-091, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Banasiuk
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics with Clinical Decisions Unit, Warsaw Medical University, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kuchar
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Pneumology and Allergy, Warsaw Medical University, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kulus
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Warsaw Medical University, 63A Żwirki i Wigury St, 01-091, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Albrecht
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Warsaw Medical University, 63A Żwirki i Wigury St, 01-091, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Banaszkiewicz
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D005764:Gastroesophageal Reflux / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007223:Infant; D017563:Lung Diseases, Interstitial / Q000150:complications*; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies
keywords: Children; Gastroesophageal reflux disease; Interstitial lung disease; Reflux episodes; pH-impedance monitoring