title: Modulation of RAAS-natriuretic peptides in the treatment of HF: Old guys and newcomers.
abstract: The use of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) inhibitors in the treatment of chronic heart failure (HF) and arterial hypertension is recommended by the European Society of Cardiology Guidelines on the basis of consolidated evidence supporting their efficacy in the development of such a disease. However, the high incidence of re-hospitalization and mortality in patients undergoing chronic HF, leads to the need for the development of novel RAAS inhibitors possessing a better pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamics profile in approaching hemodynamic imbalance and myocardial dysfunction associated with the development of chronic HF. Here we summarize some of the recent advances in the area of RAAS-modulators, including novel renin inhibitors, mineralcorticoid receptor antagonists and novel AT1 and AT2-receptor modulators. In addition, the pharmacology of a new class of compounds which display both AT1-receptor blocking properties combined with inhibition of neprilysin, the vasopeptidase enzyme degradating natriuretic peptide (ARNi), will be reviewed, alongside with their impact in the pathophysiology of chronic HF.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH), University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Italy.
authors.forename: Vincenzo
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Mollace
authors.affiliation: Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH), University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Italy. Electronic address: micaela.gliozzi@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Micaela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gliozzi
authors.affiliation: Second University of Naples, Campania Regional Centre for Pharmacovigilance and Pharmacoepidemiology, Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Pharmacology L. Donatelli of Medicine and Surgery, Napoli, Italy.
authors.forename: Annalisa
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Capuano
authors.affiliation: Second University of Naples, Campania Regional Centre for Pharmacovigilance and Pharmacoepidemiology, Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Pharmacology L. Donatelli of Medicine and Surgery, Napoli, Italy.
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Rossi
mesh_terms: D047228:Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers / Q000008:administration & dosage; D057911:Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D045265:Natriuretic Peptides / Q000502:physiology*; D012084:Renin-Angiotensin System / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D047228:Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers; D057911:Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D045265:Natriuretic Peptides
keywords: AT1-receptor modulators; AT2-receptor modulators; Heart failure; RAAS inhibitors; Renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system