title: Acetylated cashew gum-based nanoparticles for transdermal delivery of diclofenac diethyl amine.
abstract: Nanoprecipitation and dialysis methods were employed to obtain nanoparticles (NPs) of acetylated cashew gum (ACG). NPs synthesized by dialysis showed greater average size compared to those synthesized by nanoprecipitation, but they presented improved stability and yield. NPs were loaded with diclofenac diethylamine and the efficiency of the drug incorporation was over 60% for both methods, for an ACG:NP a weight ratio of 10:1. The cytotoxicity assay demonstrated that the NPs had no significant effect on the cell viability, verifying their biocompatibility. The release profile for the diclofenac diethylamine associated with the ACG-NPs showed a more controlled release compared to the free drug and a Fickian diffusion mechanism was observed. Transdermal permeation reached 90% penetration of the drug.
authors.affiliation: UFPI, Research Center in Biodiversity and Biotechnology - Biotech Campus Parnaíba, Federal University of Piauí, Av São Sebastian 2819, 64202-020 Parnaíba, Piauí, Brazil.
authors.forename: Sávia Francisca Lopes
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Dias
authors.affiliation: UFPI, Research Center in Biodiversity and Biotechnology - Biotech Campus Parnaíba, Federal University of Piauí, Av São Sebastian 2819, 64202-020 Parnaíba, Piauí, Brazil.
authors.forename: Silvania Siqueira
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Nogueira
authors.affiliation: UFPI, Research Center in Biodiversity and Biotechnology - Biotech Campus Parnaíba, Federal University of Piauí, Av São Sebastian 2819, 64202-020 Parnaíba, Piauí, Brazil.
authors.forename: Flaviane
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: de França Dourado
authors.affiliation: UFPI, Research Center in Biodiversity and Biotechnology - Biotech Campus Parnaíba, Federal University of Piauí, Av São Sebastian 2819, 64202-020 Parnaíba, Piauí, Brazil.
authors.forename: Maria Adelaide
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Guimarães
authors.affiliation: UFC, Polymer Laboratory, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil.
authors.forename: Nádia Aline
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: de Oliveira Pitombeira
authors.affiliation: USP, Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Photobiology and Photomedicine, Center Nanotechnology and Tissue Engineering, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.
authors.forename: Graciely Gomides
authors.initials: GG
authors.lastname: Gobbo
authors.affiliation: USP, Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Photobiology and Photomedicine, Center Nanotechnology and Tissue Engineering, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.
authors.forename: Fernando Lucas
authors.initials: FL
authors.lastname: Primo
authors.affiliation: UFC, Polymer Laboratory, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil.
authors.forename: Regina Célia Monteiro
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: de Paula
authors.affiliation: UFC, Polymer Laboratory, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil.
authors.forename: Judith Pessoa Andrade
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Feitosa
authors.affiliation: USP, Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Photobiology and Photomedicine, Center Nanotechnology and Tissue Engineering, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.
authors.forename: Antonio Claudio
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Tedesco
authors.affiliation: UFPI, Center for Pharmaceutical Technology, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil.
authors.forename: Lívio Cesar Cunha
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Nunes
authors.affiliation: UFPI, Research Center in Biodiversity and Biotechnology - Biotech Campus Parnaíba, Federal University of Piauí, Av São Sebastian 2819, 64202-020 Parnaíba, Piauí, Brazil.
authors.forename: José Roberto Souza Almeida
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Leite
authors.affiliation: UFPI, Research Center in Biodiversity and Biotechnology - Biotech Campus Parnaíba, Federal University of Piauí, Av São Sebastian 2819, 64202-020 Parnaíba, Piauí, Brazil. Electronic address: durcileneas@yahoo.com.br.
authors.forename: Durcilene Alves
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: da Silva
mesh_terms: D000107:Acetylation; D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D031021:Anacardium; D002460:Cell Line; D004008:Diclofenac / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry; D004048:Diethylamines / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D004339:Drug Compounding; D065546:Drug Liberation; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity; D010316:Particle Size; D053149:Plant Gums / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D004048:Diethylamines; D053149:Plant Gums; D004008:Diclofenac; C000614065:diclofenac diethylamine
keywords: Acetic anhydride (CID: 7918); Acetone (CID: 180); Acetonitrile (CID: 6342); Acetylated cashew gum; Cytotoxicity; Diclofenac diethyl amine; Diclofenac diethylamine (CID:115087); Dimethyl sulfoxide (CID:679); Ethanol (CID:702); Formamide (CID: 713); Nanoparticles; Phosphoric acid (CID:1004); Pyridine (CID: 1049); Sodium hydroxide (CID: 14798); Transdermal delivery