title: The emerging role of transcranial magnetic resonance imaging-guided focused ultrasound in functional neurosurgery.
abstract: To review the emerging role of transcranial MR-guided focused ultrasound as a treatment and research modality for functional neurological disorders, we summarize recent clinical and preclinical studies. Clinical trials have investigated the safety and efficacy of thermal lesions created by transcranial, high-intensity focused ultrasound. Preclinical work has additionally investigated the ability to disrupt the blood-brain barrier and to produce reversible neuromodulation with focused ultrasound utilizing lower intensities. We discuss ongoing trials and future avenues of investigation. © 2016 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Weintraub
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.
authors.forename: W Jeffrey
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Elias
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D057086:High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound Ablation / Q000379:methods* / Q000639:trends; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods* / Q000639:trends; D009422:Nervous System Diseases / Q000601:surgery*; D019635:Neurosurgical Procedures / Q000379:methods* / Q000639:trends; D025321:Surgery, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods* / Q000639:trends
keywords: Parkinson's disease; blood-brain barrier; essential tremor; focused ultrasound; functional neurosurgery; minimally invasive surgery; neuromodulation; obsessive-compulsive disorder