title: Characterization of the tumor microenvironment in primary cutaneous CD30-positive lymphoproliferative disorders: a predominance of CD163-positive M2 macrophages.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The tumor microenvironment is essential for tumor survival, growth and progression. There are only a few studies on the tumor microenvironment in cutaneous CD30-positive lymphoproliferative disorders.
  
  
  METHODS
  We assessed the composition of the tumor microenvironment using immunohistochemistry studies in skin biopsies from cases diagnosed with lymphomatoid papulosis (LyP: 18 specimens), primary cutaneous anaplastic large-cell lymphoma (PC-ALCL: 8 specimens), and reactive diseases harboring CD30-positive cells (18 specimens).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The predominant cells present in LyP and PC-ALCL were CD163+ M2 macrophages (44.7%, 35%), followed by CD8+ tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (11%, 15%), FOXP3+ T-regulatory cells (9%, 4.5%) and programmed cell death 1(PD-1) + lymphocytes (2.2%, 6.8%). In contrast, CD30-positive reactive inflammatory and infectious disorders were characterized by higher numbers of CD123+ plasmacytoid dendritic cells (6.3%) when compared to LyP (1%), and PC-ALCL (1.1%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Key differences exist between the microenvironment of CD30-positive lymphoproliferative disorders and reactive conditions harboring CD30-positive lymphocytes. The high number of tumor associated macrophages, and the close vicinity of these immune cells to the CD30-positive tumor cells might suggest that tumor associated macrophages have direct influence on tumorigenesis in LyP and ALCL. Therefore, modulation of M2 macrophages may represent a new therapeutic strategy in cutaneous CD30-positive lymphoproliferative disorders.
authors.affiliation: Kempf and Pfaltz Histologische Diagnostik, Zürich, Switzerland.|Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Aieska
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: De Souza
authors.affiliation: Kempf and Pfaltz Histologische Diagnostik, Zürich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Marianne
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tinguely
authors.affiliation: Kempf and Pfaltz Histologische Diagnostik, Zürich, Switzerland.|Department of Economics, California State University Sacramento, Sacramento, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Daniel R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Burghart
authors.affiliation: Kempf and Pfaltz Histologische Diagnostik, Zürich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Arbeneshe
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Berisha
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pathology, Cantonal Hospital Baselland, Liestal, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Kirsten D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Mertz
authors.affiliation: Kempf and Pfaltz Histologische Diagnostik, Zürich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Werner
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Kempf
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D017730:Ki-1 Antigen / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000276:immunology; D016246:Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating / Q000276:immunology*; D008232:Lymphoproliferative Disorders / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000276:immunology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012871:Skin Diseases / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D059016:Tumor Microenvironment / Q000276:immunology*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D017730:Ki-1 Antigen
keywords: CD30-positive lymphoproliferative disorders; M2 macrophages; cutaneous lymphomas; inflammatory microenvironment; programmed cell death 1