title: Phosphorus and Nitrogen Dual-Doped Hollow Carbon Dot as a Nanocarrier for Doxorubicin Delivery and Biological Imaging.
abstract: Innovative phosphorus and nitrogen dual-doped hollow carbon dots (PNHCDs) have been fabricated for anticancer drug delivery and biological imaging. The functional groups of PNHCDs are introduced by simply mixing glucose, 1,2-ethylenediamine, and concentrated phosphoric acid. This is an automatic method without external heat treatment to rapidly produce large quantities of PNHCDs, which avoid high temperature, complicated operations, and long reaction times. The as-prepared PNHCDs possess small particle size, hollow structure, and abundant phosphate/hydroxyl/pyridinic/pyrrolic-like N groups, endowing PNHCDs with fluorescent properties, improving the accuracy of PNHCDs as an optical monitoring code both in vitro and in vivo. The investigation of PNHCDs as an anticancer drug nanocarrier for doxorubicin (DOX) indicates a better antitumor efficacy than free DOX owing to its enhanced nuclear delivery in vitro and tumor accumulation in vivo, which results in highly effective tumor growth inhibition and improved targeted therapy for cancer in clinical medicine.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Environmental Science, and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University , Taiyuan 030006, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Xiaojuan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Gong
authors.affiliation: Institute of Environmental Science, and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University , Taiyuan 030006, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Qingyan
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Environmental Science, and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University , Taiyuan 030006, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Yifang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: Institute of Environmental Science, and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University , Taiyuan 030006, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Shaomin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shuang
authors.affiliation: Acadia University , 15 University Avenue, Wolfville, Nova Scotia B4P 2R6, Canada.
authors.forename: Martin M F
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Institute of Environmental Science, and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University , Taiyuan 030006, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Chuan
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dong
mesh_terms: D002244:Carbon; D004317:Doxorubicin / Q000737:chemistry*; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D006801:Humans; D009584:Nitrogen; D010758:Phosphorus
chemical_list: D010758:Phosphorus; D002244:Carbon; D004317:Doxorubicin; D009584:Nitrogen
keywords: biological imaging; doxorubicin delivery; hollow carbon dots; nanocarrier; phosphorus and nitrogen dual-doped