title: Does origin always matter? Evaluating the influence of nonlocal seed provenances for ecological restoration purposes in a widespread and outcrossing plant species.
abstract: For restoration purposes, nature conservation generally enforces the use of local seed material based on the "local-is-best" (LIB) approach. However, in some cases recommendations to refrain from this approach have been made. Here we test if a common widespread species with no obvious signs of local adaptation may be a candidate species for abandoning LIB during restoration. Using 10 microsatellite markers we compared population genetic patterns of the generalist species Daucus carota in indigenous and formerly restored sites (nonlocal seed provenances). Gene diversity overall ranged between H e = 0.67 and 0.86 and showed no significant differences between the two groups. Hierarchical AMOVA and principal component analysis revealed very high genetic population admixture and negligible differentiation between indigenous and restored sites (F CT = 0.002). Moreover, differentiation between groups was caused by only one outlier population, where inbreeding effects are presumed. We therefore conclude that the introduction of nonlocal seed provenances in the course of landscape restoration did not jeopardize regional species persistence by contributing to inbreeding or outbreeding depressions, or any measurable adverse population genetic effect. On the basis of these results, we see no obvious objections to the current practice to use the 10-fold cheaper, nonlocal seed material of D. carota for restoration projects.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Botany Justus Liebig University Giessen Heinrich-Buff-Ring 38 D-35392 Giessen Germany.
authors.forename: Jutta
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Reiker
authors.affiliation: Institute of Landscape Ecology and Resource Management Interdisciplinary Research Centre (IFZ) Justus Liebig University Giessen Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32 D-35393 Giessen Germany.
authors.forename: Benjamin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Schulz
authors.affiliation: Institute of Botany Justus Liebig University Giessen Heinrich-Buff-Ring 38 D-35392 Giessen Germany.
authors.forename: Volker
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Wissemann
authors.affiliation: Institute of Botany Justus Liebig University Giessen Heinrich-Buff-Ring 38 D-35392 Giessen Germany.
authors.forename: Birgit
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gemeinholzer
keywords: Daucus carota; local‐is‐best theory; microsatellite markers; nonlocal genotypes; population genetics; restoration