title: Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus envelope (E) protein interacts with mitochondrial proteins and induces apoptosis.
abstract: Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) causes significant economic losses for the swine industry worldwide. The PRRSV E protein, encoded by ORF 2b, is one of the non-glycosylated minor structural proteins. In this study, we present evidence for the interaction of the E protein with mitochondrial proteins ATP5A (part of ATP synthase complex), prohibitin, and ADP/ATP translocase. We additionally demonstrate partial mitochondrial localization of the E protein in transfected cells. To functionally investigate these interactions, we infected MARC-145 cells with PRRSV or alphavirus replicon particles (VRPs) expressing PRRSV E protein. In infected cells, production of ATP was significantly reduced. The E protein also induced apoptosis by activating caspase-3, which results in PARP cleavage. Taken together, these data suggest that the PRRSV E protein interacts with mitochondrial proteins and induces apoptosis by inhibiting ATP production.
authors.affiliation: Department of Entomology, The Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, and the Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Millennium Science Complex, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
authors.forename: Sujit
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pujhari
authors.affiliation: Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization-International Vaccine Center (VIDO-InterVac), University of Saskatchewan, 120 Veterinary Road, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E3, Canada. alex.zak@usask.ca.
authors.forename: Alexander N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Zakhartchouk
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D025261:Mitochondrial Proton-Translocating ATPases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D019318:Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000821:virology; D019316:Porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011485:Protein Binding; D013552:Swine; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins; D014764:Viral Proteins; D025261:Mitochondrial Proton-Translocating ATPases