title: Coevolutionary Dynamics of Rice Blast Resistance Gene Pi-ta and Magnaporthe oryzae Avirulence Gene AVR-Pita 1.
abstract: The Pi-ta gene in rice is effective in preventing infections by Magnaporthe oryzae strains that contain the corresponding avirulence gene, AVR-Pita1. Diverse haplotypes of AVR-Pita1 have been identified from isolates of M. oryzae from rice production areas in the United States and worldwide. DNA sequencing and mapping studies have revealed that AVR-Pita1 is highly unstable, while expression analysis and quantitative resistance loci mapping of the Pi-ta locus revealed complex evolutionary mechanisms of Pi-ta-mediated resistance. Among these studies, several Pi-ta transcripts were identified, most of which are probably derived from alternative splicing and exon skipping, which could produce functional resistance proteins that support a new concept of coevolution of Pi-ta and AVR-Pita1. User-friendly DNA markers for Pi-ta have been developed to support marker-assisted selection, and development of new rice varieties with the Pi-ta markers. Genome-wide association studies revealed a link between Pi-ta-mediated resistance and yield components suggesting that rice has evolved a complicated defense mechanism against the blast fungus. In this review, we detail the current understanding of Pi-ta allelic variation, its linkage with rice productivity, AVR-Pita allelic variation, and the coevolution of Pi-ta and AVR-Pita in Oryza species and M. oryzae populations, respectively. We also review the genetic and molecular basis of Pi-ta and AVR-Pita interaction, and its value in marker-assisted selection and engineering resistance.
authors.affiliation: First and fourth authors: U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Dale Bumpers National Rice Research Center, Stuttgart, AR 72160; second author: Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China; and third author: Department of Horticultural Science, Gulf Coast Research & Education Center, Institute of Food & Agricultural Science, University of Florida, Wimauma 33598.
authors.forename: Yulin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Jia
authors.affiliation: First and fourth authors: U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Dale Bumpers National Rice Research Center, Stuttgart, AR 72160; second author: Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China; and third author: Department of Horticultural Science, Gulf Coast Research & Education Center, Institute of Food & Agricultural Science, University of Florida, Wimauma 33598.
authors.forename: Erxun
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: First and fourth authors: U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Dale Bumpers National Rice Research Center, Stuttgart, AR 72160; second author: Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China; and third author: Department of Horticultural Science, Gulf Coast Research & Education Center, Institute of Food & Agricultural Science, University of Florida, Wimauma 33598.
authors.forename: Seonghee
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: First and fourth authors: U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Dale Bumpers National Rice Research Center, Stuttgart, AR 72160; second author: Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China; and third author: Department of Horticultural Science, Gulf Coast Research & Education Center, Institute of Food & Agricultural Science, University of Florida, Wimauma 33598.
authors.forename: Tracy
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Bianco
mesh_terms: D005075:Biological Evolution; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions / Q000235:genetics*; D020082:Magnaporthe / Q000235:genetics*; D012275:Oryza / Q000235:genetics* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000276:immunology; D057865:Plant Immunity / Q000235:genetics; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: C413574:Pi-ta protein, Oryza sativa; D010940:Plant Proteins; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear