title: In vitro bactericidal activity of promising nutraceuticals for targeting multidrug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We evaluated the bactericidal activity of nutraceuticals against multidrug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The nutritionally valued herbs were screened on the basis of a matrix modeling approach and molecular docking based validation analysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  The database of 38 herbs developed earlier using fuzzy logic based scoring analysis was subjected to molecular docking based validation. The molecular docking (Hex 6.12) analyses of predominant phytoligands (∼10 per herb) against exoenzyme S of P. aeruginosa filtered potent herbs were selected. The preauthenticated bacterial inoculum (10(8) CFU/mL) was added to the sterile nutrient broth impregnated with standardized aqueous-alcoholic herbal extracts (1-1600 μg/mL). After overnight incubation at 37°C, antibacterial activity was evaluated in terms of minimum inhibitory and minimum bactericidal concentrations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Five herbs were selected on the basis of fuzzy set scoring, an herbal informatics model, and validation analysis based on energy of docking (i.e., Evalue of 380) phytoligands with maximum scoring obtained by Glycyrrhiza glabra. Among the 5 nutraceuticals, G. glabra showed maximum bactericidal activity significantly (P < 0.05) higher than Amikacin, a standard antibiotic, which was in consonance with in silico bioprospection. Zingiber officinale, despite a low Evalue, showed considerably higher inhibition attributed to its higher flavonoid content as compared to other herbs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  G. glabra (licorice), a flavoring agent; Z. officinale (ginger), a condiment; and Mentha piperita (mint), a fragrance component, showed significant therapeutic potential against multidrug resistant strains of P. aeruginosa.
authors.affiliation: Division of Chemical, Biological, Radiological and Nuclear Defence, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Ankita Singh
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Chakotiya
authors.affiliation: Division of Chemical, Biological, Radiological and Nuclear Defence, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Raman
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Chawla
authors.affiliation: Division of Chemical, Biological, Radiological and Nuclear Defence, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Pallavi
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Thakur
authors.affiliation: Division of Chemical, Biological, Radiological and Nuclear Defence, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Ankit
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tanwar
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Hamdard, Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Alka
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Narula
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, National Centre for Disease Control, Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Shyam Sunder
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Grover
authors.affiliation: Division of Chemical, Biological, Radiological and Nuclear Defence, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Rajeev
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Goel
authors.affiliation: Office of DG (LS), Defence Research and Development Organisation, DRDO Bhawan, Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Rajesh
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Arora
authors.affiliation: Division of Chemical, Biological, Radiological and Nuclear Defence, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Delhi, India. Electronic address: Rksharmadrl@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Rakesh Kumar
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Sharma
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D024901:Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial / Q000187:drug effects*; D020939:Zingiber officinale; D006035:Glycyrrhiza; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D036142:Mentha piperita; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D062105:Molecular Docking Simulation; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010946:Plants, Medicinal; D011550:Pseudomonas aeruginosa / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D010936:Plant Extracts
keywords: Ginger; Herbal informatics; Licorice; Mint; Multidrug resistance; Pseudomonas aeruginosa