title: Longitudinal development of manual motor ability in autism spectrum disorder from childhood to mid-adulthood relates to adaptive daily living skills.
abstract: Many individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) exhibit motor difficulties, but it is unknown whether manual motor skills improve, plateau, or decline in ASD in the transition from childhood into adulthood. Atypical development of manual motor skills could impact the ability to learn and perform daily activities across the life span. This study examined longitudinal grip strength and finger tapping development in individuals with ASD (n = 90) compared to individuals with typical development (n = 56), ages 5 to 40 years old. We further examined manual motor performance as a possible correlate of current and future daily living skills. The group with ASD demonstrated atypical motor development, characterized by similar performance during childhood but increasingly poorer performance from adolescence into adulthood. Grip strength was correlated with current adaptive daily living skills, and Time 1 grip strength predicted daily living skills eight years into the future. These results suggest that individuals with ASD may experience increasingly more pronounced motor difficulties from adolescence into adulthood and that manual motor performance in ASD is related to adaptive daily living skills.
authors.affiliation: Department of Kinesiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, USA.|Waisman Laboratory for Brain Imaging and Behavior, Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, USA.
authors.forename: Brittany G
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-8161-3858
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: Travers
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Center, Brigham Young University, USA.|Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah, USA.
authors.forename: Erin D
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: Bigler
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Center, Brigham Young University, USA.
authors.forename: Tyler C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Duffield
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of Utah, USA.
authors.forename: Molly D B
authors.initials: MDB
authors.lastname: Prigge
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of Utah, USA.
authors.forename: Alyson L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Froehlich
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Harvard University, USA.|Department of Biostatistics, Harvard University, USA.|Neurostatistics Laboratory, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Nicholas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Lange
authors.affiliation: Waisman Laboratory for Brain Imaging and Behavior, Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, USA.|Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, USA.|Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, USA.
authors.forename: Andrew L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Alexander
authors.affiliation: Waisman Laboratory for Brain Imaging and Behavior, Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, USA.|Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, USA.
authors.forename: Janet E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Lainhart
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000067877:Autism Spectrum Disorder / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005544:Forecasting / Q000379:methods; D018737:Hand Strength / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D009048:Motor Skills / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult