title: The Link of Self-Reported Insomnia Symptoms and Sleep Duration with Metabolic Syndrome: A Chinese Population-Based Study.
abstract: The aims of this study are to investigate the relationships of metabolic syndrome (MetS) with insomnia symptoms and sleep duration in a Chinese adult population.
  
  
  
  Data from a nationwide epidemiological survey conducted on residents from randomly selected districts in Taiwan in 2007 were used for this cross-sectional population-based study. A total of 4,197 participants were included in this study. Insomnia symptoms, including difficulty initiating sleep (DIS), difficulty maintaining sleep (DMS), early morning awakening (EMA), were assessed using the Insomnia Self-Assessment Inventory questionnaire. Subjects were divided into 3 groups based upon their reported sleep duration (< 7, 7-8, and ≥ 9 h per night). Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) derived from multivariable logistic regression were used to evaluate the study aims.
  
  
  
  The endorsement of DIS and DMS were cross-sectionally associated with the MetS after adjustment for sleep duration (OR [95% CI] was 1.24 [1.01-1.51] and 1.28 [1.02-1.61], respectively). In addition, short sleep duration was significantly associated with the prevalence of MetS independent of insomnia symptoms (OR [95% CI] was 1.54 [1.05-2.47]). However, there was no significant combined effect of insomnia symptoms and sleep duration on the prevalence of MetS.
  
  
  
  The current investigation shows that short sleep duration and insomnia symptoms, specifically DIS and DMS, were significant correlates of MetS. These findings should be replicated in prospective studies using both sleep duration and sleep quality measures.
authors.affiliation: Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei City, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Shih-Chieh
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chien-An
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan.
authors.forename: San-Lin
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: You
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Mackay Medicine, Nursing, and Management College, New Taipei City, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Lee-Ching
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei City, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chun-Yu
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Business Administration, Mei-Ho University, Pingtung County, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Tsan
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, College of Public Health and Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chyi-Huey
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Bai
authors.affiliation: Digestive Disease Center, Chang-Hua Show-Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua County, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chien-Hua
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Sleep Center, Chang-Bing Show-Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua County, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Cheng-Yu
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.affiliation: Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei City, Taiwan.|School of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei City, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yu-Ching
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Chou
mesh_terms: D044466:Asian People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D015995:Prevalence; D011446:Prospective Studies; D057566:Self Report; D012890:Sleep; D007319:Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013624:Taiwan / Q000453:epidemiology; D013997:Time Factors
keywords: cross-sectional study; insomnia symptoms; metabolic syndrome; sleep duration