title: Effectiveness of seasonal influenza vaccine in preventing laboratory-confirmed influenza in primary care in the United Kingdom: 2015/16 mid-season results.
abstract: In 2015/16, the influenza season in the United Kingdom was dominated by influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 circulation. Virus characterisation indicated the emergence of genetic clusters, with the majority antigenically similar to the current influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 vaccine strain. Mid-season vaccine effectiveness (VE) estimates show an adjusted VE of 41.5% (95% confidence interval (CI): 3.0-64.7) against influenza-confirmed primary care consultations and of 49.1% (95% CI: 9.3-71.5) against influenza A(H1N1)pdm09. These estimates show levels of protection similar to the 2010/11 season, when this strain was first used in the seasonal vaccine.
authors.affiliation: Public Health England, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pebody
authors.forename: Fiona
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Warburton
authors.forename: Joanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ellis
authors.forename: Nick
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Andrews
authors.forename: Alison
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Potts
authors.forename: Simon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cottrell
authors.forename: Jillian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Johnston
authors.forename: Arlene
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Reynolds
authors.forename: Rory
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gunson
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Thompson
authors.forename: Monica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Galiano
authors.forename: Chris
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Robertson
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mullett
authors.forename: Naomh
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Gallagher
authors.forename: Mary
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sinnathamby
authors.forename: Ivelina
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Yonova
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.forename: Jim
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: McMenamin
authors.forename: Simon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: de Lusignan
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zambon
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006385:Hemagglutination Inhibition Tests; D006801:Humans; D053118:Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D007252:Influenza Vaccines / Q000276:immunology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007251:Influenza, Human / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000821:virology; D007753:Laboratories; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D058873:Pandemics / Q000517:prevention & control*; D010802:Phylogeny; D011320:Primary Health Care; D012621:Seasons; D018571:Sentinel Surveillance; D006113:United Kingdom / Q000453:epidemiology; D014611:Vaccination; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D007252:Influenza Vaccines
keywords: immunisation; influenza; vaccines