title: Depression and Physical Inactivity as Confounding the Effect of Obesity on Atrial Fibrillation.
abstract: Obesity is associated with an increased likelihood for the development of atrial fibrillation (AF) and with worsened AF symptom severity. However, other factors that are correlated with obesity may confound or mediate the relation of obesity with AF symptom severity. The purpose of this study was to determine if depression and physical inactivity may confound the association of obesity and AF symptom severity. Health status and demographic data were captured by questionnaire for 332 outpatients with documented AF. Weight/height was measured and body mass index (kg/m(2)) calculated. Recent depression symptom severity was assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 questionnaire. Physical activity during the last month was assessed by questionnaire. AF symptom severity was assessed using the University of Toronto AF Severity scale. Multivariate linear regression was used to evaluate which factors were associated with AF symptom severity. Obesity in patients with AF is associated with increased depression severity. In bivariate analysis, increasing body mass index (p = 0.001), lower levels of physical activity (p <0.001), and more severe depression (p <0.001) were associated with worsened AF symptom severity. In multivariate analysis, only physical activity and depression persisted as significant predictors of AF symptom severity. In conclusion, although obesity likely contributes to the substrate predisposing to the development of AF, other factors may contribute to or mediate the worsened AF symptoms associated with obesity. Depression symptoms and physical inactivity, factors closely correlated with obesity, may exacerbate symptoms in patients with AF.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island.
authors.forename: Roja S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Garimella
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina; Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina.
authors.forename: Samuel F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Sears
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina. Electronic address: anilgehi@med.unc.edu.
authors.forename: Anil K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Gehi
mesh_terms: D001281:Atrial Fibrillation / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D015897:Comorbidity; D003863:Depression / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009043:Motor Activity; D009765:Obesity / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D010045:Outpatients; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011788:Quality of Life; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology