title: Computer-Aided Diagnosis with Deep Learning Architecture: Applications to Breast Lesions in US Images and Pulmonary Nodules in CT Scans.
abstract: This paper performs a comprehensive study on the deep-learning-based computer-aided diagnosis (CADx) for the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant nodules/lesions by avoiding the potential errors caused by inaccurate image processing results (e.g., boundary segmentation), as well as the classification bias resulting from a less robust feature set, as involved in most conventional CADx algorithms. Specifically, the stacked denoising auto-encoder (SDAE) is exploited on the two CADx applications for the differentiation of breast ultrasound lesions and lung CT nodules. The SDAE architecture is well equipped with the automatic feature exploration mechanism and noise tolerance advantage, and hence may be suitable to deal with the intrinsically noisy property of medical image data from various imaging modalities. To show the outperformance of SDAE-based CADx over the conventional scheme, two latest conventional CADx algorithms are implemented for comparison. 10 times of 10-fold cross-validations are conducted to illustrate the efficacy of the SDAE-based CADx algorithm. The experimental results show the significant performance boost by the SDAE-based CADx algorithm over the two conventional methods, suggesting that deep learning techniques can potentially change the design paradigm of the CADx systems without the need of explicit design and selection of problem-oriented features.
authors.affiliation: National-Regional Key Technology Engineering Laboratory for Medical Ultrasound, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Jie-Zhi
authors.initials: JZ
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: National-Regional Key Technology Engineering Laboratory for Medical Ultrasound, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Dong
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ni
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital and National Yang Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yi-Hong
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Chou
authors.affiliation: National-Regional Key Technology Engineering Laboratory for Medical Ultrasound, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Qin
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital and National Yang Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chui-Mei
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Tiu
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yeun-Chung
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chiun-Sheng
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Biomedical Research Imaging Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.|Department of Brain and Cognitive Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Dinggang
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chung-Ming
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D001940:Breast / Q000473:pathology*; D066264:Datasets as Topic; D003936:Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D000069550:Machine Learning; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D003074:Solitary Pulmonary Nodule / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D014463:Ultrasonography