title: Changes in physical activity during transition to retirement: a cohort study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Retirement is a major life transition which may affect lifestyle. The aim of this study is to examine within-individual changes in physical activity during the transition from full-time work to retirement.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study population consisted of 9,488 Finnish public-sector employees who retired in 2000-2011 and who reported their leisure-time and commuting physical activity before and after retirement. On average, participants provided data at 3.6 (of the four) repeat examinations during 10 years before and 10 years after the retirement. Physical activity was self-reported and was expressed as weekly metabolic equivalent task (MET) hours. Generalized estimating equations were used to examine physical activity trajectories around retirement.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among participants entering to statutory retirement physical activity first increased by 1.81 MET-hours (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.20 to 2.42) during 4-year retirement transition, but then decreased by -1.80 MET hours (95% CI -2.83 to -0.79) during the subsequent post-retirement period. Older retirement age, higher occupational status and fewer chronic diseases were associated with greater increase in physical activity during transition to statutory retirement.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Statutory retirement appears to be associated with a temporary increase in physical activity. Future research should examine ways to maintain the increased activity level after retirement.
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, University of Turku, Turku, Finland. sari.stenholm@utu.fi.|School of Health Science, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland. sari.stenholm@utu.fi.|National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland. sari.stenholm@utu.fi.
authors.forename: Sari
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Stenholm
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pulakka
authors.affiliation: Department of Social & Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Ichiro
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kawachi
authors.affiliation: Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Tuula
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Oksanen
authors.affiliation: Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Jaana I
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: Halonen
authors.affiliation: Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Ville
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Aalto
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London Medical School, London, UK.|Clinicum, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Mika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kivimäki
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.|Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.
authors.forename: Jussi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vahtera
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004651:Employment; D015444:Exercise; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007899:Leisure Activities; D008019:Life Style; D008297:Male; D055686:Metabolic Equivalent; D008875:Middle Aged; D009043:Motor Activity; D012179:Retirement; D057566:Self Report; D014186:Transportation; D014937:Work
keywords: Aging; Cohort Study; Physical activity; Retirement