title: Total Phosphate Influences the Rate of Hydrocarbon Degradation but Phosphate Mineralogy Shapes Microbial Community Composition in Cold-Region Calcareous Soils.
abstract: Managing phosphorus bioaccessibility is critical for the bioremediation of hydrocarbons in calcareous soils. This paper explores how soil mineralogy interacts with a novel biostimulatory solution to both control phosphorus bioavailability and influence bioremediation. Two large bore infiltrators (1 m diameter) were installed at a PHC contaminated site and continuously supplied with a solution containing nutrients and an electron acceptor. Soils from eight contaminated sites were prepared and pretreated, analyzed pretrial, spiked with diesel, placed into nylon bags into the infiltrators, and removed after 3 months. From XAS, we learned that three principal phosphate phases had formed: adsorbed phosphate, brushite, and newberyite. All measures of biodegradation in the samples (in situ degradation estimates, mineralization assays, culturable bacteria, catabolic genes) varied depending upon the soil's phosphate speciation. Notably, adsorbed phosphate increased anaerobic phenanthrene degradation and bzdN catabolic gene prevalence. The dominant mineralogical constraints on community composition were the relative amounts of adsorbed phosphate, brushite, and newberyite. Overall, this study finds that total phosphate influences microbial community phenotypes whereas relative percentages of phosphate minerals influences microbial community genotype composition.
authors.affiliation: Department of Soil Science, University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon S7N 5A8, Canada.
authors.forename: Steven D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Siciliano
authors.affiliation: Department of Soil Science, University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon S7N 5A8, Canada.
authors.forename: Tingting
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Soil Science, University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon S7N 5A8, Canada.
authors.forename: Courtney
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Phillips
authors.affiliation: Department of Soil Science, University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon S7N 5A8, Canada.
authors.forename: Jordan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hamilton
authors.affiliation: Department of Soil Science, University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon S7N 5A8, Canada.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hilger
authors.affiliation: Saskatchewan Polytechnique , Saskatoon S7N 5A8, Canada.
authors.forename: Blaine
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Chartrand
authors.affiliation: Federated Cooperatives Limited, Saskatoon S7N 5A8, Canada.
authors.forename: Jay
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Grosskleg
authors.affiliation: Federated Cooperatives Limited, Saskatoon S7N 5A8, Canada.
authors.forename: Kris
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bradshaw
authors.affiliation: Federated Cooperatives Limited, Saskatoon S7N 5A8, Canada.
authors.forename: Trevor
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Carlson
authors.affiliation: Department of Soil Science, University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon S7N 5A8, Canada.
authors.forename: Derek
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Peak
mesh_terms: D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D006838:Hydrocarbons / Q000378:metabolism; D010710:Phosphates; D012987:Soil; D012988:Soil Microbiology; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D006838:Hydrocarbons; D010710:Phosphates; D012987:Soil; D012989:Soil Pollutants