title: Functional Genomic Investigation of the Molecular Biological Impact of Electron Beam Radiation in Lymphoma Cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The biological response of electron beam radiation (EBR) in tumors remains underexplored. This study describes the molecular biological and genomic impact of EBR on tumor cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  A mouse model bearing Dalton's lymphoma ascites cells was exposed to an 8-MeV pulsed electron beam, at a dose rate of 2 Gy/min using a microtron, a linear accelerator. The radiation-induced changes were assessed by histopathology, fluorescence-activated cell sorting, signaling pathway-focused reporter assays, and gene expression by microarray analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  EBR was found to increase apoptosis and G2-M cell cycle arrest with concomitant tumor regression in vivo. The microarray data revealed that EBR induced tumor regression, apoptosis, and cell cycle arrest mediated by p53, PPAR, and SMAD2/3/4 signaling pathways. Activation of interferon regulatory factor and NFkB signaling were also found upon EBR. Chemo-genomics exploration revealed the possibility of drugs that can be effectively used in combination with EBR.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  For the first time, an 8-MeV pulse EBR induced genomic changes, and their consequence in molecular and biological processes were identified in lymphoma cells. The comprehensive investigation of radiation-mediated responses in cancer cells also revealed the potential therapeutic features of EBR.
authors.affiliation: Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Department of Genetics, Centre for Excellence in Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, India.
authors.forename: Ramani
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gopal
authors.affiliation: Department of Histopathology, Apollo Speciality Hospitals, Madurai, India.
authors.forename: Usha
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Rani
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Kelambakkam, Chennai, India.
authors.forename: Ram
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Murugesan
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Meenakshi Mission Hospital and Research Centre, Madurai, India.
authors.forename: Kirushna
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.affiliation: Microtron Centre, Department of Studies in Physics, Mangalore University, Mangalagangotri, India.
authors.forename: Ganesh
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sanjeev
authors.affiliation: Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Department of Genetics, Centre for Excellence in Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, India. Electronic address: kumar@oncocellomics.org.
authors.forename: Kumaresan
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ganesan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D059447:Cell Cycle Checkpoints / Q000528:radiation effects; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D019295:Computational Biology / Q000379:methods; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm / Q000235:genetics; D004583:Electrons / Q000627:therapeutic use; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000187:drug effects; D023281:Genomics / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D008223:Lymphoma / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D011839:Radiation, Ionizing; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000528:radiation effects; D059467:Transcriptome; D047368:Tumor Burden / Q000528:radiation effects; D023041:Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
keywords: Chemo-genomics; Chemosensitivity; Microtron; Radiotherapy; Transcriptome