title: Comparison of positive pressure ventilation devices in a newborn manikin.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare tidal volume (VT) delivery and ventilation rate between devices for positive pressure ventilation (PPV) during newborn resuscitation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Neonatal resuscitation program providers (n = 25) delivered PPV to a newborn manikin in a randomized order with: a self-inflating bag (SIB), a disposable T-piece, a non-disposable T-piece, a stand-alone infant resuscitation system T-piece and the volume-controlled prototype Next StepTMdevice (KM Medical). All T-pieces used a peak inflation pressure of 20cmH2O and a 5cmH2O positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP). The SIB neither had a PEEP valve nor manometer. The Next StepTMhad a 5cmH2O PEEP valve. The participants aimed to deliver a 5 mL/kg VT(rate 40-60 min-1) for 1 min with each device and each of three compliances (0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 mL/cmH2O). VTand ventilation rate were compared between devices and compliance levels (ANOVA) Results: All devices, except the Next StepTMdelivered a 4-5 mL/kg VTat the low compliance, but three- to four-fold that of the target at the higher compliance levels. The Next StepTMdelivered a VTclose to target at all compliance levels. The ventilation rate was within 40-60 min-1with all devices and compliance levels.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Routinely used ventilation devices for newborn resuscitation can triple intended VTand requires further investigation.
authors.affiliation: a Centre for the Studies of Asphyxia and Resuscitation, Neonatal Research Unit, Royal Alexandra Hospital , Edmonton , Canada.|b Department of Pediatrics , University of Alberta , Edmonton , Canada.|c Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine , Akershus University Hospital , Lørenskog , Norway.
authors.forename: Anne Lee
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Solevåg
authors.affiliation: d School of Engineering, Computer and Mathematical Sciences, Auckland University of Technology , Auckland , New Zealand , and.
authors.forename: Enrico
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Haemmerle
authors.affiliation: a Centre for the Studies of Asphyxia and Resuscitation, Neonatal Research Unit, Royal Alexandra Hospital , Edmonton , Canada.
authors.forename: Sylvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: van Os
authors.affiliation: e Newborn Services, Auckland City Hospital , Auckland , New Zealand.
authors.forename: Katinka P
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Bach
authors.affiliation: a Centre for the Studies of Asphyxia and Resuscitation, Neonatal Research Unit, Royal Alexandra Hospital , Edmonton , Canada.|b Department of Pediatrics , University of Alberta , Edmonton , Canada.
authors.forename: Po-Yin
authors.initials: PY
authors.lastname: Cheung
authors.affiliation: a Centre for the Studies of Asphyxia and Resuscitation, Neonatal Research Unit, Royal Alexandra Hospital , Edmonton , Canada.|b Department of Pediatrics , University of Alberta , Edmonton , Canada.
authors.forename: Georg M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Schmölzer
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D016887:Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004867:Equipment Design; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008348:Manikins; D011175:Positive-Pressure Respiration / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011897:Random Allocation; D056152:Respiratory Rate; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013990:Tidal Volume
keywords: Resuscitation; tidal volume; ventilation rate