title: Role of Phosphodiesterase 5 and Cyclic GMP in Hypertension.
abstract: Cyclic GMP (cGMP) is a ubiquitous intracellular second messenger that mediates a wide spectrum of physiologic processes in multiple cell types within the cardiovascular and nervous systems. Synthesis of cGMP occurs either by NO-sensitive guanylyl cyclases in response to nitric oxide or by membrane-bound guanylyl cyclases in response to natriuretic peptides and has been shown to regulate blood pressure homeostasis by influencing vascular tone, sympathetic nervous system, and sodium and water handling in the kidney. Several cGMPs degrading phosphodiesterases (PDEs), including PDE1 and PDE5, play an important role in the regulation of cGMP signaling. Recent findings revealed that increased activity of cGMP-hydrolyzing PDEs contribute to the development of hypertension. In this review, we will summarize recent research findings regarding the cGMP/PDE signaling in the vasculature, the central nervous system, and the kidney which are associated with the development and maintenance of hypertension.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.
authors.forename: Evanthia
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mergia
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany. Johannes.stegbauer@med.uni-duesseldorf.de.
authors.forename: Johannes
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Stegbauer
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D006152:Cyclic GMP / Q000378:metabolism*; D054706:Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 5 / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000378:metabolism*; D007668:Kidney / Q000378:metabolism; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D012083:Renin / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: D009569:Nitric Oxide; D054706:Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 5; D012083:Renin; D006152:Cyclic GMP
keywords: Hypertension; Kidney; Natriuresis; PDE1; PDE5; Sympathetic nerve activity; Vascular function; cGMP