title: Rhinitis Subtypes, Endotypes, and Definitions.
abstract: Rhinitis is often seen as posing a small burden. However, rhinitis is a complex disease that is underpinned by a plethora of different mechanisms and causes. Rhinitis is frequently associated with other comorbid conditions but, by itself, is a source of considerable morbidity for patients and creates a significant financial burden on health systems worldwide. This article approaches this condition from both a phenotypic and mechanistic standpoint, focusing on the complexity of characterizing these subtypes. Developing a clearer demarcation of the currently obscure rhinitis phenotypes and endotypes will substantially improve their future prevention and treatment.
authors.affiliation: Centre of Paediatrics and Child Health, Institute of Human Development, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9WL, UK; Department of Pediatric Immunology, Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Central Manchester University Hospitals Trust, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9WL, UK; Allergy Department, 2nd University Pediatrics Clinic, University of Athens, Aglaia Kyriakou Childrens Hospital, Thivon & Livadeias, Athens 11527, Greece. Electronic address: ngp@allergy.gr.
authors.forename: Nikolaos G
authors.initials: NG
authors.lastname: Papadopoulos
authors.affiliation: Centre of Paediatrics and Child Health, Institute of Human Development, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9WL, UK; Department of Pediatric Immunology, Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Central Manchester University Hospitals Trust, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9WL, UK.
authors.forename: George V
authors.initials: GV
authors.lastname: Guibas
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D010641:Phenotype; D012220:Rhinitis / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000276:immunology
keywords: Endotypes; Pathophysiology; Phenotypes; Rhinitis; Symptoms