title: Sensorimotor cortex injury effects on recovery of contralesional dexterous movements in Macaca mulatta.
abstract: The effects of primary somatosensory cortex (S1) injury on recovery of contralateral upper limb reaching and grasping were studied by comparing the consequences of isolated lesions to the arm/hand region of primary motor cortex (M1) and lateral premotor cortex (LPMC) to lesions of these same areas plus anterior parietal cortex (S1 and rostral area PE). We used multiple linear regression to assess the effects of gray and white matter lesion volumes on deficits in reaching and fine motor performance during the first month after the lesion, and during recovery of function over 3, 6 and 12months post-injury in 13 monkeys. Subjects with frontoparietal lesions exhibited larger deficits and poorer recovery as predicted, including one subject with extensive peri-Rolandic injury developing learned nonuse after showing signs of recovery. Regression analyses showed that total white matter lesion volume was strongly associated with initial post-lesion deficits in motor performance and with recovery of skill in reaching and manipulation. Multiple regression analyses using percent damage to caudal M1 (M1c), rostral S1 (S1r), LPMC and area PE as predictor variables showed that S1r lesion volumes were closely related to delayed post-lesion recovery of upper limb function, as well as lower skill level of recovery. In contrast, M1c lesion volume was related primarily to initial post-lesion deficits in hand motor performance. Overall, these findings demonstrate that frontoparietal injury impairs hand motor function more so than frontal motor injury alone, and results in slower and poorer recovery than lesions limited to frontal motor cortex.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health and Human Physiology, Motor Control Laboratories, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States. Electronic address: warren-darling@uiowa.edu.
authors.forename: Warren G
authors.initials: WG
authors.lastname: Darling
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States.
authors.forename: Marc A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Pizzimenti
authors.affiliation: Department of Health and Human Physiology, Motor Control Laboratories, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States.
authors.forename: Diane L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Rotella
authors.affiliation: Department of Health and Human Physiology, Motor Control Laboratories, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States.
authors.forename: Stephanie M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Hynes
authors.affiliation: Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Laboratory of Neurological Sciences, The University of South Dakota, Sanford School of Medicine, Vermillion, SD 57069, United States.
authors.forename: Jizhi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ge
authors.affiliation: Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Laboratory of Neurological Sciences, The University of South Dakota, Sanford School of Medicine, Vermillion, SD 57069, United States.
authors.forename: Kimberly
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Stilwell-Morecraft
authors.affiliation: Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Laboratory of Neurological Sciences, The University of South Dakota, Sanford School of Medicine, Vermillion, SD 57069, United States.
authors.forename: Robert J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Morecraft
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000473:pathology* / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D005260:Female; D007839:Functional Laterality / Q000502:physiology*; D018737:Hand Strength / Q000502:physiology; D008253:Macaca mulatta; D008297:Male; D009044:Motor Cortex / Q000503:physiopathology; D009068:Movement / Q000502:physiology*; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000502:physiology; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular / Q000502:physiology; D020127:Recovery of Function / Q000502:physiology*; D012044:Regression Analysis; D066191:Sensorimotor Cortex / Q000503:physiopathology*
keywords: Biomechanics; Brain injury; Frontal lobe; Grasp; Kinematics; MCA stroke; Parietal lobe