title: Transcriptional expression profiles of the main proteinases and their regulators in coronary artery ectasia patients' mononuclear cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Proteolytic enzymes might contribute to coronary artery ectasia (CAE) through the destruction of extracellular matrix (ECM) vessel components. This study aimed to find out if peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) served as a source of those proteinases and their regulators.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this study, transcriptional expression profiles of the main proteinases and their regulators were detected in the PBMCs of CAE patients as follows: (1) matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) 1, 2, 3, 8, 9, 10, 12 and 13; (2) the serine proteinases elastase: cathepsin G and proteinases 3; (3) the cysteine proteinases: cathepsin L and cathepsin S; (4) the main endogenous inhibitors for the above proteinases: tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase (TIMP) 1 and 2, α1-antitrypsin (α1-PI) and α2-macroglobulin (A2M); (5) twelve cytokines that could regulate the above proteinases.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The characteristic changes in CAE were: (1) MMP1 and MMP9 increased while the serine and cysteine families did not change; (2) the four proteinase inhibitors did not change in the CAE group; (3) among the 12 cytokines, interleukin-1 alpha (IL1A), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), interferon gamma (IFNγ) and growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) were elevated. Partial correlation analysis showed that MMP1 significantly correlated with IL1A and with IFNγ, and MMP9 correlated with IFNγ and with GDF 15.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PBMCs might participate in the pathological process of CAE by the increased expression of MMP1, MMP9, IL1A, IFNγ and GDF15.
authors.forename: Ruifeng
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Lianfeng
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Houzao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Shuyang
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D017023:Coronary Angiography / Q000379:methods; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000201:enzymology; D003331:Coronary Vessels / Q000473:pathology*; D004108:Dilatation, Pathologic / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000201:enzymology; D005260:Female; D055436:Growth Differentiation Factor 15 / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000378:metabolism; D053582:Interleukin-1alpha / Q000378:metabolism; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000201:enzymology*; D008297:Male; D020781:Matrix Metalloproteinase 1 / Q000378:metabolism; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000378:metabolism; D008875:Middle Aged; D059467:Transcriptome
chemical_list: D055436:Growth Differentiation Factor 15; D053582:Interleukin-1alpha; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9; D020781:Matrix Metalloproteinase 1
keywords: Coronary artery ectasia (CAE); elastin fibres; extracellular matrix (ECM); inflammation cytokine; matrix metalloproteinases (MMP); peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs)