title: Flow Injection Analysis of 5-(Hydroxymethyl)-2-furaldehyde in Honey by a Modified Winkler Method.
abstract: One of the quality indicators for honey is 5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-furaldehyde (HMF), which is formed during the heating or aging of honey. The International Honey Commission recommends three methods for the determination of HMF in honey: the Winkler method, the White method, and determination by HPLC. The Winkler method uses the carcinogenic substance p-toluidine, which is not in accordance with the principles of Green Chemistry. The present work describes the determination of HMF in honey by flow injection analysis (FIA) using a modified Winkler method, replacing p-toluidine with p-aminobenzoic acid. The linear range was 1.00 to 40.0 mg L(-1), the limit of detection (LOD) was 0.43 mg L(-1), and the limit of quantification (LOQ) was 1.32 mg L(-1). The method is an efficient and environmentally friendly technique for the analysis of HMF in honey.
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Química, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Julio de Mesquita Filho" (UNESP).
authors.forename: Karine
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Castoldi
authors.forename: Maria Izabel
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Milani
authors.forename: Eduardo L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Rossini
authors.forename: Leonardo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Pezza
authors.forename: Helena R
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Pezza
mesh_terms: D010129:4-Aminobenzoic Acid / Q000737:chemistry; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D017022:Flow Injection Analysis; D005662:Furaldehyde / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000032:analysis; D006722:Honey / Q000032:analysis*; D014052:Toluidines / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D014052:Toluidines; D005662:Furaldehyde; C029370:4-toluidine; D010129:4-Aminobenzoic Acid