title: Expression of P21-activated kinase 1 and cell division control protein 42 homolog correlates with clinicopathological features and prognosis in cervical carcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study investigated P21-activated kinase 1 (PAK1) and cell division control protein 42 homolog (CDC42) expression and their correlation with clinicopathological features and prognosis in cervical carcinoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cervical carcinoma (n = 55), cervical intraepithelial neoplasias (CIN, n = 93), and normal cervix (n = 26) tissues were sampled. PAK1 and CDC42 expressions were determined using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, Western blot and immunohistochemistry. Correlation analysis of PAK1 and CDC42 expression was performed using a Pearson correlation test. Survival rate was calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Independent prognostic factors were analyzed by Cox proportional hazard model.
  
  
  RESULTS
  PAK1 and CDC42 expression were positively correlated in all tissues. PAK1 and CDC42 expression in cervical carcinoma tissues were higher than those in normal tissues. PAK1 and CDC42 protein expression in normal cervix, CINI, CINII, CINIII and cervical carcinoma tissues showed a gradually increasing trend. PAK1 and CDC42 expression were correlated with lymph node metastasis, the depth of tumor invasion, the degree of tumor differentiation, histological type and lymphovascular space invasion (LVSI; all P < 0.05). Cox regression analysis showed that the degree of tumor differentiation, PAK1 protein expression, histological type and LVSI are independent risk factors for prognosis of cervical carcinoma.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  High PAK1 and CDC42 expressions are closely related to the clinicopathological features and poor prognosis of cervical carcinoma, serving as unfavorable prognostic factors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second People's Hospital of Huai'an, Jiangsu, China.
authors.forename: Yimin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second People's Hospital of Huai'an, Jiangsu, China.
authors.forename: Shuqian
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second People's Hospital of Huai'an, Jiangsu, China.
authors.forename: Ming
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D020764:cdc42 GTP-Binding Protein / Q000378:metabolism*; D054462:p21-Activated Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D002578:Uterine Cervical Dysplasia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D054462:p21-Activated Kinases; D020764:cdc42 GTP-Binding Protein
keywords: CDC42; PAK1; cell differentiation; cervical carcinoma; lymph node metastasis; prognosis