title: Progressive External Ophthalmoplegia.
abstract: Progressive external ophthalmoplegia (PEO), marked by progressive bilateral ptosis and diffuse reduction in ocular motility, represents a finding of mitochondrial myopathy rather than a true diagnosis. PEO often occurs with other systemic features of mitochondrial dysfunction that can cause significant morbidity and mortality. Accurate and early recognition of PEO is paramount for the optimal care of these patients. We present an evidence-based review of the presenting neuro-ophthalmic features, differential diagnosis, diagnostic tools, systemic implications, and treatment options for isolated PEO and other PEO-associated mitochondrial syndromes.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Ophthalmology and Visual Neurosciences, University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware St. SE/MMC 493, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
authors.forename: Collin
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: McClelland
authors.affiliation: Departments of Neurology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
authors.forename: Georgios
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Manousakis
authors.affiliation: Departments of Ophthalmology and Visual Neurosciences, University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware St. SE/MMC 493, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA. mikelee@umn.edu.|Departments of Neurology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA. mikelee@umn.edu.|Departments of Neurosurgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA. mikelee@umn.edu.
authors.forename: Michael S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D001706:Biopsy; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D018450:Disease Progression; D005820:Genetic Testing; D006801:Humans; D017246:Ophthalmoplegia, Chronic Progressive External / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: Mitochondrial myopathy; Progressive external ophthalmoplegia