title: Predictions of biochar yield and elemental composition during torrefaction of forest residues.
abstract: In this work, a direct prediction method coupled with a consecutive reaction model is developed to estimate the biochar yield and elemental composition in a biomass torrefaction process. Norway forest residues were chosen as feedstock and torrefied at different temperatures under nitrogen atmosphere in a thermogravimetric analyzer. Obtained data were modeled to predict the mass loss during torrefaction. Distributions of initial, intermediate and final solid products as well as torrefaction kinetic parameters are reported. Thereafter, a direct method to predict the elemental composition of biochar is introduced. The results show that the decomposition of initial biomass to form an intermediate solid has higher conversion rate than the degradation of the intermediate. Moreover, the predictions reproduce well the experimental thermogravimetric curves and show composition trends similar to the literature data. This method is useful for the design and optimization of industrial torrefaction processes with predictable biochar yield and elemental composition.
authors.affiliation: Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Quang-Vu
authors.initials: QV
authors.lastname: Bach
authors.affiliation: Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan. Electronic address: weihsinchen@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Wei-Hsin
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yen-Shih
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Chu
authors.affiliation: Department of Thermal Energy, SINTEF Energy Research, NO-7465 Trondheim, Norway.
authors.forename: Øyvind
authors.initials: Ø
authors.lastname: Skreiberg
mesh_terms: D029662:Betula / Q000737:chemistry; D056804:Biofuels / Q000032:analysis; D018533:Biomass; D002606:Charcoal / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry*; D003247:Conservation of Natural Resources; D016468:Forestry; D065928:Forests; D007700:Kinetics; D008956:Models, Chemical; D028222:Picea / Q000737:chemistry; D035261:Plant Components, Aerial / Q000737:chemistry*; D013818:Thermogravimetry
chemical_list: D056804:Biofuels; C540010:biochar; D002606:Charcoal
keywords: Biomass and bioenergy; Elemental composition; Forest residues; Product distribution; Thermogravimetric analysis; Torrefaction kinetics