title: Differentiating T2 hyperintensity in neonatal white matter by two-compartment model of diffusional kurtosis imaging.
abstract: In conventional neonatal MRI, the T2 hyperintensity (T2h) in cerebral white matter (WM) at term-equivalent age due to immaturity or impairment is still difficult to identify. To clarify such issue, this study used the metrics derived from a two-compartment WM model of diffusional kurtosis imaging (WM-DKI), including intra-axonal, extra-axonal axial and radial diffusivities (Da, De,// and De,⊥), to compare WM differences between the simple T2h and normal control for both preterm and full-term neonates, and between simple T2h and complex T2h with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE). Results indicated that compared with control, the simple T2h showed significantly increased De,// and De,⊥, but no significant change in Da in multiple premyelination regions, indicative of expanding extra-axonal diffusion microenvironment; while myelinated regions showed no changes. However, compared with simple T2h, the complex T2h with HIE had decreased Da, increased De,⊥ in both premyelination and myelinated regions, indicative of both intra- and extra-axonal diffusion alterations. While diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) failed to distinguish simple T2h from complex T2h with HIE. In conclusion, superior to DTI-metrics, WM-DKI metrics showed more specificity for WM microstructural changes to distinguish simple T2h from complex T2h with HIE.
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, PR China.|Department of MRI Diagnosis, Shannxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an 710068, PR China.
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, PR China.|Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710054, PR China.
authors.forename: Xianjun
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, PR China.
authors.forename: Yanyan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, PR China.
authors.forename: Lingxia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zeng
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, PR China.
authors.forename: Chao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, PR China.
authors.forename: Qinli
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, USA.
authors.forename: Duan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, PR China.
authors.forename: Bolang
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, PR China.|Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710054, PR China.
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D001921:Brain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000254:growth & development*; D001927:Brain Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006801:Humans; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D007223:Infant; D007234:Infant, Premature; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D066127:White Matter / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology*