title: Determination of urinary bromophenols (BrPs) as potential biomarkers for human exposure to polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) using gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS).
abstract: Bromophenols (BrPs), as the metabolites of PBDEs, would be the potential exposure markers for human biomonitoring (HB) of PBDEs in urine. An analytical method using solid-phrase extraction (SPE) and gas chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometer (GC-MS/MS) was developed and validated for simultaneous determination of nineteen BrPs in human urine. The method detection limits (MDLs) were below 23pgmL(-1), with recovery ranged from 63% to 133% and inter-day repeatability ranged from 3% to 11% for the majority of target analytes. This method was applied in a pilot study and 2-Bromophenol (2-BrP), 4-Bromophenol (4-BrP), 2,4-Dibromophenol (2,4-DBP) and 2,4,6-Tribromophenol (2,4,6-TBP) as the predominant analytes were detected in human urine samples collected from the general population. Among the four detected analytes, 2-BrP and 4-BrP as the mono-brominated BrP congeners were firstly reported. To our knowledge, it is the first study covering all BrP congeners (from mono-brominated to penta-brominated, totally 19 congeners) in human urine. Therefore, this study is very useful for profiling urinary BrPs and discovering potential relationship between urinary BrPs and human internal exposure to PBDEs. The mechanism of fragmentation pathway of silanized BrPs was firstly illustrated in this study.
authors.affiliation: Pesticide Reference and Dioxin Laboratory, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 1380 West Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Chao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.affiliation: Pesticide Reference and Dioxin Laboratory, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 1380 West Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Qian
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Pesticide Reference and Dioxin Laboratory, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 1380 West Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Yu'e
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.affiliation: Pesticide Reference and Dioxin Laboratory, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 1380 West Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Yuanjie
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Pesticide Reference and Dioxin Laboratory, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 1380 West Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Xinlei
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Qiu
authors.affiliation: Pesticide Reference and Dioxin Laboratory, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 1380 West Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, China. Electronic address: ludasheng@scdc.sh.cn.
authors.forename: Dasheng
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Pesticide Reference and Dioxin Laboratory, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 1380 West Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, China. Electronic address: wangguoquan@scdc.sh.cn.
authors.forename: Guoquan
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000737:chemistry / Q000652:urine*; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000032:analysis*; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*; D055768:Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers / Q000737:chemistry / Q000652:urine*; D006801:Humans; D057230:Limit of Detection; D016014:Linear Models; D010636:Phenols / Q000737:chemistry / Q000652:urine*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D055768:Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers; D010636:Phenols
keywords: Bromophenols; Fragmentation pathway; GC–MS/MS; Human biomonitoring; Human urine; PBDEs