title: Inhibition of MMP-2 and MMP-9 Activities by Limonium tetragonum Extract.
abstract: Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are crucial extracellular matrices degrading enzymes that take important roles in metastasis of cancer progression as well as other significant conditions such as oxidative stress and hepatic fibrosis. Natural products are on the rise for their potential to provide remarkable health benefits. In this context, halophytes have been of interest in the nutraceutical field with reported instances of isolation of bioactive compounds. In this study, Limonium tetragonum, an edible halophyte, was studied for its ability to inhibit MMP-2 and -9 using HT1080 fibrosarcoma cells. Results showed that L. tetragonum extract was able to inhibit the enzymatic activity and mRNA expression of MMP-2 and -9 according to gelatin zymography and RT-PCR assays, respectively, but it was not able to significantly change the MMP pathway related factors such as tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases. Also, Mitogen-activated protein kinases pathway-related protein levels and their phosphorylation were assayed. While the phosphorylated p38 levels were decreased, extracellular signal-regulated kinase and c-Jun N-terminal kinase were not affected by L. tetragonum treatment. In conclusion, it was suggested that L. tetragonum contains substances acting as MMP inhibitors on enzymatic activity rather than intracellular pathway intervention, which could be useful for further utilization of L. tetragonum as a source for anti-MMP agents.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Medical and Life Sciences, Silla University, Busan 46958, Korea.
authors.forename: Min-Joo
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Bae
authors.affiliation: Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Medical and Life Sciences, Silla University, Busan 46958, Korea; Marine Biotechnology Center for Pharmaceuticals and Foods, Silla University, Busan 46958, Korea.
authors.forename: Fatih
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Karadeniz
authors.affiliation: Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Medical and Life Sciences, Silla University, Busan 46958, Korea.
authors.forename: Seul-Gi
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Convergence Study on the Ocean Science and Technology, Ocean Science and Technology School, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, Busan 49112, Korea; Division of Marine Bioscience, College of Ocean Science and Technology, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, Busan 49112, Korea.
authors.forename: Youngwan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Seo
authors.affiliation: Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Medical and Life Sciences, Silla University, Busan 46958, Korea; Marine Biotechnology Center for Pharmaceuticals and Foods, Silla University, Busan 46958, Korea.
authors.forename: Chang-Suk
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Kong
keywords: HT1080; Limonium tetragonum; MAPK; MMP; TIMP