title: Do cigarette and alcohol affect semen analysis?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  There are a number of studies about the effect of cigarette and alcohol on semen parameters in the literature. There is not a consensus on the relationship between use of cigarette and alchol and semen parameters in those studies. The number of studies in which cigarette and alcohol use are evaluated together is limited. This study was aimed to analyze the effect of cigarette and/or alcohol use on semen parameters.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this prospective study, 762 patients who applied to an hospital urology polyclinic between January 2015 and March 2015 due to infertility, were questioned for alcohol and cigarette use in anamnesis. The remaining 356 patients were included in our study. Then, semen analysis of the patients was performed. The patients were divided into five groups according to cigarette use, into five groups according to alcohol use and into four groups according to cigarette and/or alcohol use. Significant differences were analyzed between the groups in terms of semen volume, semen concentration, total motility, forward motility and morphological (normality, head anomaly, neck anomaly, tail anomaly) values.
  
  
  RESULTS
  According to cigarette use, only in group 4 (who use more than 20 package-years cigarette) semen volume was significantly lower than the control group (Mann-Whitney U, p = 0.009). There was no significant difference in any of the other parameters and groups compared with the control group (Mann-Whitney U, p > 0,05) CONCLUSION: According to our study, using more than 20 package-years cigarette decreases semen volume. The reason of this result might be the fact that the threshold value, from which the effect of cigarette and alcohol use on the semen parameters has to be determined.
authors.affiliation: Urologic Clinic, Tepecik Training and Research Hospital, Urology Clinic, Izmir. zeynel_akd@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Mehmet Zeynel
authors.initials: MZ
authors.lastname: Keskin
authors.forename: Salih
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Budak
authors.forename: Saim
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gubari
authors.forename: Kalender
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Durmaz
authors.forename: Mehmet
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yoldas
authors.forename: Orcun
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Celik
authors.forename: Evrim Emre
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Aksoy
authors.forename: Yusuf Ozlem
authors.initials: YO
authors.lastname: Ilbey
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012661:Semen / Q000378:metabolism*; D055101:Semen Analysis; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects*; D013081:Sperm Motility / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult