title: The diagnosis and assessment of visual function in Singaporean children with electrophysiology: 10-year results.
abstract: To study the clinical use and efficacy of electrophysiology in children.
  
  
  
  This was a retrospective review of all children aged <16 years, who were referred to the Visual Electrophysiology Laboratory at the Singapore National Eye Center between 2003 and 2013.
  
  
  
  A total of 586 children, median age 8 years (range 0.15-16), were referred for a variety of reasons including investigation of poor vision (40 %), suspected retinal disease or optic nerve/cortical dysfunction (17 %), nystagmus (13 %) and screening or monitoring of a variety of ocular or neurological conditions (12 %). The number of children with vision 6/15 or worse was 418 (71 %), and 103 (18 %) had vision 6/120 or worse in at least one eye. The most common pathology noted was retinal dystrophy or dysfunction (41 %) or optic nerve/cortical dysfunction (12 %). In 30 %, visual electrophysiology was within normal limits, and in 6 %, a conclusive diagnosis could not be obtained.
  
  
  
  Electrophysiology testing played an important role in the assessment of children and added to the clinical management of the patient.
authors.affiliation: Singapore National Eye Centre, 11 Third Hospital Avenue, Singapore, 168751, Singapore. annacstan@gmail.com.|Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore. annacstan@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Anna C S
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.affiliation: Singapore National Eye Centre, 11 Third Hospital Avenue, Singapore, 168751, Singapore.
authors.forename: LiYu
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Singapore National Eye Centre, 11 Third Hospital Avenue, Singapore, 168751, Singapore.
authors.forename: Rena
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Png
authors.affiliation: Singapore National Eye Centre, 11 Third Hospital Avenue, Singapore, 168751, Singapore.|Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore.
authors.forename: Audrey
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chia
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004594:Electrophysiology / Q000379:methods; D004596:Electroretinography / Q000379:methods; D005074:Evoked Potentials, Visual / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D009901:Optic Nerve Diseases / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012164:Retinal Diseases / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012846:Singapore; D014786:Vision Disorders / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D014793:Visual Cortex / Q000502:physiology
keywords: Electrophysiology; Electroretinogram; Multifocal electroretinogram; Pediatric; Visual assessment; Visual evoked potential