title: A Chinese literature overview on ultra-weak photon emission as promising technology for studying system-based diagnostics.
abstract: To present the possibilities pertaining to linking ultra-weak photon emission (UPE) with Chinese medicine-based diagnostics principles, we conducted a review of Chinese literature regarding UPE with respect to a systems view of diagnostics. Data were summarized from human clinical studies and animal models published from 1979 through 1998. The research fields can be categorized as follows: (1) human physiological states measured using UPE; (2) characteristics of human UPE in relation to various pathological states; and (3) the relationship between diagnosis (e.g., Chinese syndromes) and the dynamics of UPE in animal models. We conclude that UPE has clear potential in terms of understanding the systems view on health and disease as described using Chinese medicine-based diagnostics, particularly from a biochemistry-based regulatory perspective. Linking UPE with metabolomics can further bridge biochemistry-based Western diagnostics with the phenomenology-based Chinese diagnostics, thus opening new avenues for studying systems diagnostics in the early stage of disease, for prevention-based strategies, as well as for systems-based intervention in chronic disease.
authors.affiliation: Sino Dutch Centre for Preventive and Personalized Medicine, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands; Leiden University, LACDR, Department of Analytical Biosciences, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: Sino Dutch Centre for Preventive and Personalized Medicine, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands; Leiden University, LACDR, Department of Analytical Biosciences, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Mengmeng
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Sino Dutch Centre for Preventive and Personalized Medicine, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands; Leiden University, LACDR, Department of Analytical Biosciences, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands; Meluna Research, Geldermalsen, The Netherlands. Electronic address: eduard.vanwijk@sinodutchcentre.nl.
authors.forename: Eduard
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: van Wijk
authors.affiliation: Sino Dutch Centre for Preventive and Personalized Medicine, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands; TNO Innovation for Life, P.O. Box 360, 3700 AJ, Zeist, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Herman
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: van Wietmarschen
authors.affiliation: Sino Dutch Centre for Preventive and Personalized Medicine, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands; Meluna Research, Geldermalsen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Roeland
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: van Wijk
authors.affiliation: Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, PR China.
authors.forename: Zhihong
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Sino Dutch Centre for Preventive and Personalized Medicine, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands; Leiden University, LACDR, Department of Analytical Biosciences, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands; TNO Innovation for Life, P.O. Box 360, 3700 AJ, Zeist, The Netherlands; SU BioMedicine/TNO, P.O. Box 360, 3700 AJ, Zeist, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Mei
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Sino Dutch Centre for Preventive and Personalized Medicine, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands; Leiden University, LACDR, Department of Analytical Biosciences, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hankemeier
authors.affiliation: Sino Dutch Centre for Preventive and Personalized Medicine, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands; Leiden University, LACDR, Department of Analytical Biosciences, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands; TNO Innovation for Life, P.O. Box 360, 3700 AJ, Zeist, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: van der Greef
mesh_terms: D019937:Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures; D006801:Humans; D008516:Medicine, Chinese Traditional; D055432:Metabolomics; D017785:Photons; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species
chemical_list: D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species
keywords: Chinese medicine research; Diagnosis; Reactive oxygen species (ROS); Ultra-weak photon emission (UPE)