title: Causal Therapy of Breast Cancer Irrelevant of Age, Tumor Stage and ER-Status: Stimulation of Estrogen Signaling Coupled With Breast Conserving Surgery.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Results of long-term studies justify that the rate of breast cancer recurrence and tumor-related mortality remains quite unpredictable, regardless of the use of any current therapeutic measures.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Since the application of standard therapies, such as surgery, radiation, chemotherapy and antiestrogen administration does not work as might be expected; our therapeutic practice requires thorough rethinking.
  
  
  METHODS
  Published long-term therapeutic results on breast cancer cases were analyzed in correlation with stage at diagnosis, ER-status of tumors and patients' age. The effectiveness of current therapeutic measures was also compared by estimating the rate of tumor-free survival, breast cancer recurrence and breast cancer-specific mortality.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer at an early stage cannot improve the rate of tumor-free survival. Poor differentiation of tumors, ER-negativity in particular, defines poor prognosis even after applying aggressive therapies. In patients treated with in situ breast cancer, the recurrence-rate of invasive tumor increased directly with ageing irrespective of tumor size or ER-status at diagnosis. Women who underwent lumpectomy without adjuvant radiation or chemotherapy exhibited significantly better overall and breast cancer specific survival rates than those receiving mastectomy, regardless of stage and ER-status of tumors. Antiestrogen treatment exhibited unforeseeable effectiveness even on targeted ERpositive tumors. Recent patents propose the detection of ESR1-gene amplification or restoration of ER-alpha expression for prediction of effective antiestrogen treatment, suggesting a crucial inhibitory role of estrogen-signaling against tumorgrowth.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Estradiol-induced upregulation of estrogen signaling coupled with sparing of the estrogen-rich mammary fatpad are the most effective strategies against breast cancer.
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Oncology, Surgical and Molecular Tumor Pathology Centre, Address: H-1122, Ráth György str. 7-9, Budapest, Hungary. subazdr@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Zsuzsanna
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Suba
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000818:Animals; D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D055808:Drug Discovery; D004967:Estrogens / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D015412:Mastectomy, Segmental / Q000009:adverse effects; D058990:Molecular Targeted Therapy; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D009376:Neoplasms, Hormone-Dependent / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D010330:Patents as Topic; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012307:Risk Factors; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects*; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal; D004967:Estrogens; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen