title: Peripheral Blood Regulatory T-Cell and Type 1 Helper T-Cell Population Decrease after Hepatic Artery Embolization.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate changes in T-cell populations in peripheral blood after bland hepatic artery embolization (HAE).
  
  
  METHODS
  Bland HAE was performed in 12 patients to treat primary (n = 5) or metastatic (n = 7) liver tumors, using microspheres and polyvinyl alcohol (n = 8) or microspheres alone (n = 4). Patient peripheral blood samples were collected within 1 month before HAE, within 1 week after HAE (early period after HAE), and 2-8 weeks after HAE (follow-up period). Peripheral blood populations of cytotoxic T lymphocytes, CD4(+) T cells, type 1 helper T cells (Th1) and type 2 helper T cells (Th2), and regulatory T cells (Treg) were evaluated using flow cytometry. Changes in T-cell populations before and after bland HAE were compared using paired t tests.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Peripheral blood CD4(+) T-cell populations decreased significantly in the early period after HAE (44.0% ± 2.2 to 34.4% ± 3.6, P < .01) and in the follow-up period (44.0% ± 2.2 to 36.3% ± 3.0, P < .01). Among the individual CD4(+) T-cell subtypes, Treg (2.5% ± 0.3 to 1.7% ± 0.2, P < .02) and Th1 (8.1% ± 1.8 to 5.6% ± 1.6, P < .02) decreased significantly in the early period after HAE only. The presence of extrahepatic disease was associated with decreasing Treg (P < .04).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  After HAE, the peripheral blood T-cell environment is changed with decreases in Treg and Th1.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Hyogo Collage of Medicine, 1-1 Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8501, Japan. Electronic address: takaki-h@clin.medic.mie-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Haruyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Takaki
authors.affiliation: Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.
authors.forename: Naoko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Imai
authors.affiliation: Interventional Radiology Service, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.
authors.forename: Thomas T
authors.initials: TT
authors.lastname: Contessa
authors.affiliation: Interventional Radiology Service, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.
authors.forename: Govindarajan
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Srimathveeravalli
authors.affiliation: Interventional Radiology Service, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.
authors.forename: Anne M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Covey
authors.affiliation: Interventional Radiology Service, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.
authors.forename: George I
authors.initials: GI
authors.lastname: Getrajdman
authors.affiliation: Interventional Radiology Service, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.
authors.forename: Karen T
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.affiliation: Interventional Radiology Service, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.
authors.forename: Stephen B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Solomon
authors.affiliation: Interventional Radiology Service, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.
authors.forename: Joseph P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Erinjeri
mesh_terms: D000180:Acrylic Resins / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000097:blood; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D004621:Embolization, Therapeutic / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D005780:Gelatin / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D006499:Hepatic Artery / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006801:Humans; D016130:Immunophenotyping / Q000379:methods; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000098:blood supply / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009519:New York City; D010641:Phenotype; D011142:Polyvinyl Alcohol / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D011446:Prospective Studies; D050378:T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory / Q000276:immunology*; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000276:immunology*; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000180:Acrylic Resins; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; C496735:trisacryl gelatin microspheres; D005780:Gelatin; D011142:Polyvinyl Alcohol