title: OCT and Visual Field Changes as Useful Markers for Follow-up of Axonal Loss in Multiple Sclerosis in Egyptian Patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this work was to correlate optical coherence tomography (OCT) parameters, retinal sensitivity (perimetry) and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) with disease duration and neurologic functional disability in Egyptian patients with multiple sclerosis (MS).
  
  
  METHODS
  This is a cross-sectional observational cohort study in which 68 MS patients and 23 healthy controls had full neurologic examination, including expanded disability status scale (EDSS) and full ophthalmologic examination, including functional and structural assessments of the optic nerve through BCVA, visual field examination (SITA), and OCT (Optovue).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness was significantly decreased in MS eyes. MS eyes had significantly decreased GCC. RNFL thickness was significantly negatively correlated to EDSS and disease duration. GCC was significantly negatively correlated to disease duration. BCVA and retinal sensitivity (MD) were significantly correlated to the MS duration.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  OCT is a promising tool to detect subclinical changes in RNFL and GCC in Egyptian patients with MS.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Ophthalmology , Kasr Al Ainy Hospital, Cairo University ; Egypt.
authors.forename: Dalia H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Khalil
authors.affiliation: b Department of Ophthalmology , Fayoum University , Egypt.
authors.forename: Mohamed M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Said
authors.affiliation: a Department of Ophthalmology , Kasr Al Ainy Hospital, Cairo University ; Egypt.
authors.forename: Mohamad Amr Salah Eddin
authors.initials: MASE
authors.lastname: Abdelhakim
authors.affiliation: c Department of Neurology , Kasr Al Ainy Hospital, Cairo University , Egypt.
authors.forename: Dalia M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Labeeb
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001369:Axons / Q000473:pathology*; D015415:Biomarkers; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004534:Egypt; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000175:diagnosis*; D009410:Nerve Degeneration / Q000175:diagnosis*; D009901:Optic Nerve Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis*; D012165:Retinal Ganglion Cells / Q000473:pathology; D041623:Tomography, Optical Coherence; D014786:Vision Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis*; D014792:Visual Acuity / Q000502:physiology; D058609:Visual Field Tests; D014794:Visual Fields
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers
keywords: Expanded disability status scale (EDSS); ganglion cell complex (GCC); multiple sclerosis; optical coherence tomography (OCT); perimetry; retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL)