title: Molecular Phylogeny and Biogeography of the Amphidromous Fish Genus Dormitator Gill 1861 (Teleostei: Eleotridae).
abstract: Species of the genus Dormitator, also known as sleepers, are representatives of the amphidromous freshwater fish fauna that inhabit the tropical and subtropical coastal environments of the Americas and Western Africa. Because of the distribution of this genus, it could be hypothesized that the evolutionary patterns in this genus, including a pair of geminate species across the Central American Isthmus, could be explained by vicariance following the break-up of Gondwana. However, the evolutionary history of this group has not been evaluated. We constructed a time-scaled molecular phylogeny of Dormitator using mitochondrial (Cytochrome b) and nuclear (Rhodopsin and β-actin) DNA sequence data to infer and date the cladogenetic events that drove the diversification of the genus and to relate them to the biogeographical history of Central America. Two divergent lineages of Dormitator were recovered: one that included all of the Pacific samples and another that included all of the eastern and western Atlantic samples. In contrast to the Pacific lineage, which showed no phylogeographic structure, the Atlantic lineage was geographically structured into four clades: Cameroon, Gulf of Mexico, West Cuba and Caribbean, showing evidence of potential cryptic species. The separation of the Pacific and Atlantic lineages was estimated to have occurred ~1 million years ago (Mya), whereas the four Atlantic clades showed mean times of divergence between 0.2 and 0.4 Mya. The splitting times of Dormitator between ocean basins are similar to those estimated for other geminate species pairs with shoreline estuarine preferences, which may indicate that the common evolutionary histories of the different clades are the result of isolation events associated with the closure of the Central American Isthmus and the subsequent climatic and oceanographic changes.
authors.affiliation: Programa Institucional de Doctorado en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Michoacán, México.|Laboratorio de Biología Acuática, Facultad de Biología, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Michoacán, México.
authors.forename: Sesángari
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Galván-Quesada
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Evolutiva, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, CSIC, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Ignacio
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Doadrio
authors.affiliation: Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado 2072, Balboa, Republic of Panama.
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Alda
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Evolutiva, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, CSIC, Madrid, Spain.|Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado 2072, Balboa, Republic of Panama.
authors.forename: Anabel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Perdices
authors.affiliation: Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado 2072, Balboa, Republic of Panama.
authors.forename: Ruth Gisela
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Reina
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Distrito Federal, México.
authors.forename: Martín
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: García Varela
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Medicina Tropical Pedro Kourí, Apartado 601, La Habana, Cuba.
authors.forename: Natividad
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hernández
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Biología Acuática, Facultad de Biología, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Michoacán, México.
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Campos Mendoza
authors.affiliation: Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado 2072, Balboa, Republic of Panama.
authors.forename: Eldredge
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bermingham
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Biología Acuática, Facultad de Biología, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Michoacán, México.
authors.forename: Omar
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Domínguez-Domínguez
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005075:Biological Evolution; D045303:Cytochromes b / Q000235:genetics; D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial / Q000235:genetics; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D005399:Fishes / Q000235:genetics*; D049810:Genetic Speciation; D010802:Phylogeny
chemical_list: D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial; D045303:Cytochromes b