title: High Resolution Ultrasound and Photoacoustic Imaging of Orthotopic Lung Cancer in Mice: New Perspectives for Onco-Pharmacology.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We have developed a relevant preclinical model associated with a specific imaging protocol dedicated to onco-pharmacology studies in mice.
  
  
  METHODS
  We optimized both the animal model and an ultrasound imaging procedure to follow up longitudinally the lung tumor growth in mice. Moreover we proposed to measure by photoacoustic imaging the intratumoral hypoxia, which is a crucial parameter responsible for resistance to therapies. Finally, we compared ultrasound data to x-ray micro computed tomography and volumetric measurements to validate the relevance of this approach on the NCI-H460 human orthotopic lung tumor.
  
  
  RESULTS
  This study demonstrates the ability of ultrasound imaging to detect and monitor the in vivo orthotopic lung tumor growth by high resolution ultrasound imaging. This approach enabled us to characterize key biological parameters such as oxygenation, perfusion status and vascularization of tumors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Such an experimental approach has never been reported previously and it would provide a nonradiative tool for assessment of anticancer therapeutic efficacy in mice. Considering the absence of ultrasound propagation through the lung parenchyma, this strategy requires the implantation of tumors strictly located in the superficial posterior part of the lung.
authors.affiliation: PHENOMIN-TAAM-UPS44, CIPA (Centre d'Imagerie du Petit Animal), CNRS Orléans, France.
authors.forename: Florian
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2898-995X
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Raes
authors.affiliation: PHENOMIN-TAAM-UPS44, CIPA (Centre d'Imagerie du Petit Animal), CNRS Orléans, France.
authors.forename: Julien
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sobilo
authors.affiliation: PHENOMIN-TAAM-UPS44, CIPA (Centre d'Imagerie du Petit Animal), CNRS Orléans, France.
authors.forename: Marilyne
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Le Mée
authors.affiliation: PHENOMIN-TAAM-UPS44, CIPA (Centre d'Imagerie du Petit Animal), CNRS Orléans, France.
authors.forename: Stéphanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rétif
authors.affiliation: PHENOMIN-TAAM-UPS44, CIPA (Centre d'Imagerie du Petit Animal), CNRS Orléans, France.
authors.forename: Sharuja
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Natkunarajah
authors.affiliation: PHENOMIN-TAAM-UPS44, CIPA (Centre d'Imagerie du Petit Animal), CNRS Orléans, France.
authors.forename: Stéphanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lerondel
authors.affiliation: PHENOMIN-TAAM-UPS44, CIPA (Centre d'Imagerie du Petit Animal), CNRS Orléans, France.|INSERM U1100, CEPR, University of Tours, France.
authors.forename: Alain
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Le Pape
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015687:Cell Hypoxia; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002471:Cell Transformation, Neoplastic; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D008168:Lung / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D010600:Pharmacology; D061088:Photoacoustic Techniques; D057170:Translational Research, Biomedical / Q000379:methods*; D047368:Tumor Burden; D014463:Ultrasonography