title: Effectiveness of Interventions to Address Cognitive Impairments and Improve Occupational Performance After Traumatic Brain Injury: A Systematic Review.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the effectiveness of interventions addressing cognitive impairments to improve occupational performance for people with traumatic brain injury.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 37 studies met inclusion criteria: 9 Level I systematic reviews, 14 Level I studies, 5 Level II studies, and 9 Level III studies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Strong evidence supports use of direct attention training, dual-task training, and strategy training to optimize executive functioning, encoding, and use of memory compensations, including assistive technology. However, in most studies, occupational performance was a secondary outcome, if it was evaluated at all.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although evidence supports many intervention approaches used by occupational therapy practitioners to address cognitive impairments of adults with traumatic brain injury, more studies are needed in which occupational performance is the primary outcome of cognitive intervention.
authors.affiliation: Mary Vining Radomski, PhD, OTR/L, FAOTA, is Senior Scientific Adviser, Courage Kenny Research Center, Minneapolis, MN; mary.radomski@allina.com.
authors.forename: Mary Vining
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Radomski
authors.affiliation: Mattie Anheluk, MAOT, OTR/L, is Occupational Therapist, Courage Kenny Rehabilitation Institute-Abbott Northwestern Hospital, Minneapolis, MN.
authors.forename: Mattie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Anheluk
authors.affiliation: M. Penny Bartzen, OTD, OTR/L, is Occupational Therapist, Courage Kenny Rehabilitation Institute-Buffalo Hospital, Buffalo, MN.
authors.forename: M Penny
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Bartzen
authors.affiliation: Joette Zola, BS, OTR/L, is Occupational Therapist, Courage Kenny Rehabilitation Institute-Abbott Northwestern Hospital, Minneapolis, MN.
authors.forename: Joette
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zola
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000328:Adult; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000150:complications / Q000534:rehabilitation; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000209:etiology; D056344:Executive Function; D006801:Humans; D009788:Occupational Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D013813:Therapy, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*