title: The Efficacy and Safety of Topical Rocuronium Bromide to Induce Bilateral Mydriasis in Hispaniolan Amazon Parrots ( Amazona ventralis ).
abstract: The efficacy and safety of topically applied rocuronium in Hispaniolan Amazon parrots ( Amazona ventralis ) was assessed in a group of 10 adult birds. A complete ophthalmic examination (including Schirmer tear test, ocular reflexes, applanation tonometry, fluorescein staining, and slit-lamp biomicroscopy) was performed, and rocuronium bromide (0.15 mg in both eyes) was administered. Pupillary light reflex (PLR) and pupillary diameter were recorded in a darkened room at the following time points: 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 80, 100, 120, 140, 160, 180, 200, 220, 240, 300, and 360 minutes, and 24 hours. Fluorescein staining in both eyes was performed at 24 hours. By 10 minutes, PLR was absent in all birds (at 5 minutes, 8 birds; at 10 minutes, remaining 2 birds). Pupil diameter differed significantly from baseline at all time points. Additionally, PLR was decreased in 7/10 birds at 360 minutes and normal in all birds at 24 hours. Superficial corneal ulceration was observed at 24 hours in the left eye of 2/10 of the birds after fluorescein stain application. This study demonstrated that rocuronium bromide was an effective mydriatic agent in Hispaniolan Amazon parrots with rapid onset and prolonged duration of action.
authors.forename: Katherine
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Baine
authors.forename: Diane V H
authors.initials: DV
authors.lastname: Hendrix
authors.forename: Sonia E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Kuhn
authors.forename: Marcy J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Souza
authors.forename: Michael P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Jones
mesh_terms: D000287:Administration, Topical; D046708:Amazona; D000732:Androstanols / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D000836:Animals, Zoo; D009184:Mydriatics / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions; D012025:Reflex, Pupillary / Q000187:drug effects; D000077123:Rocuronium; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000732:Androstanols; D009184:Mydriatics; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions; D000077123:Rocuronium
keywords: Amazona ventralis; Hispaniolan Amazon parrot; avian; dilation; eye; mydriasis; ophthalmic examination; pupil; rocuronium