title: Psychological Predictors of Anxiety and Depression in Parkinson's Disease: A Systematic Review.
abstract: Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder, affecting the motor system with psychological difficulties also frequently reported. While explanations for psychological difficulties are historically situated within a biomedical framework, more recently the relevance of psychological determinants has become a research focus. This review therefore examines this relationship with the two most commonly reported psychological difficulties (anxiety and depression) in people with PD.
  
  
  
  Databases were systematically searched up to December 17, 2013, identifying 24 studies meeting inclusion criteria.
  
  
  
  Significant predictors of heightened anxiety and depression included increased emotion-focused coping; less problem-focused coping; lower perceived control; more dominant beliefs about PD as part of a person's identity and influence on life; less social support and more avoidant personality types.
  
  
  
  Relationships between some specific psychological predictors and depression and anxiety seem well supported. The complexity of relationships between these psychological determinants should be taken into consideration when delivering psychological interventions.
authors.affiliation: Sheffield Children's NHS Foundation Trust. jack.garlovsky@sch.nhs.uk.
authors.forename: Jack K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Garlovsky
authors.affiliation: University of Sheffield.
authors.forename: Paul G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Overton
authors.affiliation: Lancaster University.
authors.forename: Jane
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Simpson
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D001007:Anxiety / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology*; D003863:Depression / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D007389:Internal-External Control; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000150:complications / Q000523:psychology*; D010551:Personality; D012944:Social Support
keywords: Parkinson's disease; anxiety; coping; depression; illness beliefs; personality; social support