title: Paraoxonases, mitochondrial dysfunction and non-communicable diseases.
abstract: The most common non-communicable diseases (NCD) are obesity, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, cancer, chronic respiratory diseases, and neurological diseases. Together, they constitute the commonest cause of death and disability worldwide. Mitochondrial alterations, oxidative stress and inflammation underpin NCD and are molecular mechanisms playing major roles in the disease onset and natural history. Interrelations between the mechanisms of oxidative stress, inflammation and metabolism are, in the broadest sense of energy transformations, being increasingly recognized as part of the problem in NCD. Whether or not oxidative stress and inflammation are the causes or the consequences of cellular disturbances, they do significantly contribute to NCD. Paraoxonases are associated with mitochondria and mitochondria-associated membranes. They modulate mitochondria-dependent superoxide production, and prevent apoptosis. Their overexpression protects mitochondria from endoplasmic reticulum stress and subsequent mitochondrial dysfunction; highlighting that the anti-inflammatory effects of paraoxonases may be mediated, at least in part, by their protective role in mitochondria and associated organelle function. Since oxidative stress is implicated in the development of NCD (as a result of mitochondrial dysfunction), these data suggest that understanding the role and the molecular targets of paraoxonases may provide novel strategies of intervention in the treatment of these important diseases.
authors.affiliation: Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, C. Sant Joan s/n, Reus 43201, Catalonia, Spain. Electronic address: jcamps@grupsagessa.com.
authors.forename: Jordi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Camps
authors.affiliation: Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, C. Sant Joan s/n, Reus 43201, Catalonia, Spain.
authors.forename: Anabel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: García-Heredia
authors.affiliation: Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, C. Sant Joan s/n, Reus 43201, Catalonia, Spain.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hernández-Aguilera
authors.affiliation: Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, C. Sant Joan s/n, Reus 43201, Catalonia, Spain.
authors.forename: Jorge
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Joven
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D043303:Aryldialkylphosphatase / Q000378:metabolism*; D004194:Disease; D006801:Humans; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000473:pathology* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D008954:Models, Biological; D056811:Unfolded Protein Response
chemical_list: D043303:Aryldialkylphosphatase
keywords: Inflammation; Non-communicable diseases; Oxidative stress; Paraoxonase