title: Brain injury induces specific changes in the caecal microbiota of mice via altered autonomic activity and mucoprotein production.
abstract: Intestinal microbiota are critical for health with changes associated with diverse human diseases. Research suggests that altered intestinal microbiota can profoundly affect brain function. However, whether altering brain function directly affects the microbiota is unknown. Since it is currently unclear how brain injury induces clinical complications such as infections or paralytic ileus, key contributors to prolonged hospitalization and death post-stroke, we tested in mice the hypothesis that brain damage induced changes in the intestinal microbiota. Experimental stroke altered the composition of caecal microbiota, with specific changes in Peptococcaceae and Prevotellaceae correlating with the extent of injury. These effects are mediated by noradrenaline release from the autonomic nervous system with altered caecal mucoprotein production and goblet cell numbers. Traumatic brain injury also caused changes in the gut microbiota, confirming brain injury effects gut microbiota. Changes in intestinal microbiota after brain injury may affect recovery and treatment of patients should appreciate such changes.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Houlden
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Goldrick
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Brough
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Drug Research, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, P.O.B. 67, H-1450 Budapest, Hungary; Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
authors.forename: E S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Vizi
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Lénárt
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Martinecz
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK. Electronic address: i.s.roberts@manchester.ac.uk.
authors.forename: I S
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Roberts
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary. Electronic address: denesa@koki.hu.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Denes
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001341:Autonomic Nervous System / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology; D000070642:Brain Injuries, Traumatic / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology; D002432:Cecum / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology; D000069196:Gastrointestinal Microbiome; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009088:Mucoproteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000378:metabolism*; D020521:Stroke / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: D009088:Mucoproteins; D009638:Norepinephrine
keywords: Cerebral ischemia; Gut; Inflammation; Microbiota; Mucoprotein; Noradrenaline; Stroke