title: Human Cytomegalovirus Strategies to Maintain and Promote mRNA Translation.
abstract: mRNA translation requires the ordered assembly of translation initiation factors and ribosomal subunits on a transcript. Host signaling pathways regulate each step in this process to match levels of protein synthesis to environmental cues. In response to infection, cells activate multiple defenses that limit viral protein synthesis, which viruses must counteract to successfully replicate. Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) inhibits host defenses that limit viral protein expression and manipulates host signaling pathways to promote the expression of both host and viral proteins necessary for virus replication. Here we review key regulatory steps in mRNA translation, and the strategies used by HCMV to maintain protein synthesis in infected cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology &amp; Immunology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA. havincen@email.unc.edu.
authors.forename: Heather A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Vincent
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology &amp; Immunology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA. bziehr@email.unc.edu.
authors.forename: Benjamin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ziehr
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology &amp; Immunology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA. nmoorman@med.unc.edu.
authors.forename: Nathaniel J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Moorman
mesh_terms: D003587:Cytomegalovirus / Q000502:physiology*; D003586:Cytomegalovirus Infections / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000821:virology*; D039642:Eukaryotic Initiation Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D015967:Gene Expression Regulation, Viral; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D010442:Peptide Chain Initiation, Translational; D011485:Protein Binding; D014176:Protein Biosynthesis; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D039642:Eukaryotic Initiation Factors; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D014764:Viral Proteins
keywords: HCMV; eIF2α; eIF4F complex; human cytomegalovirus; mRNA translation; mTOR signaling; protein synthesis; translation initiation