title: The Design of a Clostridium difficile Carbohydrate-Based Vaccine.
abstract: Clostridium difficile vaccines composed of surface polysaccharides (PSs) have the potential to simultaneously control infection and colonization levels in humans. Hot water-phenol treatment of C. difficile biomass can extricate water-soluble PS-I and PS-II; and water- and phenol-soluble PS-III. C. difficile vaccines based on PS-II have attracted the most attention due its facile purification and ubiquitous expression by C. difficile ribotypes. Anti PS-II antibodies recognize both C. difficile vegetative cell and sporulating preparations and confer protection against C. difficile infection in a mouse model. The design of such an efficacious C. difficile PS-II conjugate vaccine is described here.
authors.affiliation: University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON, Canada, N1G 2W1. monteiro@uoguelph.ca.
authors.forename: Mario A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Monteiro
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001428:Bacterial Vaccines / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology* / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D018533:Biomass; D002234:Carbodiimides / Q000737:chemistry; D002240:Carbohydrate Sequence; D016360:Clostridioides difficile / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology*; D003497:Cyclic N-Oxides / Q000737:chemistry; D015195:Drug Design; D007114:Immunization; D051379:Mice; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010636:Phenols / Q000737:chemistry; D011135:Polysaccharides, Bacterial / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology* / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D013997:Time Factors; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D001428:Bacterial Vaccines; D002234:Carbodiimides; D003497:Cyclic N-Oxides; D010636:Phenols; D011135:Polysaccharides, Bacterial; D014867:Water; C003959:TEMPO
keywords: C. difficile PS-II; Clostridium difficile; Conjugate; Polysaccharide; TEMPO-mediated conjugation; Vaccine