title: Maternal seizures can affect the brain developing of offspring.
abstract: To elucidate the impact of maternal seizures in the developing rat brain, pregnant Wistar rats were subjected to the pilocarpine-induced seizures and pups from different litters were studied at different ages. In the first 24 h of life, blood glucose and blood gases were analyzed. (14)C-leucine [(14)C-Leu] incorporation was used to analyze protein synthesis at PN1, and Western Blot method was used to analyze protein levels of Bax, Bcl-2 and Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) in the hippocampus (PN3-PN21). During the first 22 days of postnatal life, body weight gain, length, skull measures, tooth eruption, eye opening and righting reflex have been assessed. Pups from naive mothers were used as controls. Experimental pups showed a compensated metabolic acidosis and hyperglycemia. At PN1, the [(14)C-Leu] incorporation into different studied areas of experimental pups was lower than in the control pups. During development, the protein levels of Bax, Bcl-2 and PARP-1 in the hippocampus of experimental pups were altered when compared with control pups. A decreased level of pro- and anti-apoptotic proteins was verified in the early postnatal age (PN3), and an increased level of pro-apoptotic proteins concomitant with a reduced level of anti-apoptotic protein was observed at the later stages of the development (PN21). Experimental pups had a delay in postnatal growth and development beyond disturb in protein synthesis and some protein expression during development. These changes can be result from hormonal alterations linked to stress and/or hypoxic events caused by maternal epileptic seizures during pregnancy.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Neurologia e Neurocirurgia - Disciplina de Neurologia Experimental, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, UNIFESP, Rua Pedro de Toledo, 669, 2° Andar, São Paulo, SP, Brasil. carol_cossa@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Ana Carolina
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Cossa
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Neurologia e Neurocirurgia - Disciplina de Neurologia Experimental, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, UNIFESP, Rua Pedro de Toledo, 669, 2° Andar, São Paulo, SP, Brasil.
authors.forename: Daiana Correia
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Lima
authors.affiliation: Centro Universitário São Camilo, Av. Nazaré, 1501, São Paulo, SP, Brasil.
authors.forename: Tiago Gurgel
authors.initials: TG
authors.lastname: do Vale
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Neurologia e Neurocirurgia - Disciplina de Neurologia Experimental, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, UNIFESP, Rua Pedro de Toledo, 669, 2° Andar, São Paulo, SP, Brasil.
authors.forename: Anna Karynna Alves
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: de Alencar Rocha
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Neurologia e Neurocirurgia - Disciplina de Neurologia Experimental, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, UNIFESP, Rua Pedro de Toledo, 669, 2° Andar, São Paulo, SP, Brasil.|Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, UNIFESP - Rua 3 de maio, 100, São Paulo, BR, Brasil.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: da Graça Naffah-Mazzacoratti
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Neurologia e Neurocirurgia - Disciplina de Neurologia Experimental, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, UNIFESP, Rua Pedro de Toledo, 669, 2° Andar, São Paulo, SP, Brasil.
authors.forename: Maria José
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: da Silva Fernandes
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Neurologia e Neurocirurgia - Disciplina de Neurologia Experimental, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, UNIFESP, Rua Pedro de Toledo, 669, 2° Andar, São Paulo, SP, Brasil.
authors.forename: Debora
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Amado
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D010862:Pilocarpine; D000071137:Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerase-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D011247:Pregnancy; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012640:Seizures / Q000097:blood / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000378:metabolism*; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C494828:Bax protein, rat; D001786:Blood Glucose; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein; D010862:Pilocarpine; C499322:Parp1 protein, rat; D000071137:Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerase-1
keywords: Development; Epilepsy; Offspring; Pilocarpine; Pregnancy