title: Macronutrient intake and food sources in the very old: analysis of the Newcastle 85+ Study.
abstract: Food and nutrient intake data are scarce in very old adults (85 years and older) - one of the fastest growing age segments of Western societies, including the UK. Our primary objective was to assess energy and macronutrient intakes and respective food sources in 793 85-year-olds (302 men and 491 women) living in North-East England and participating in the Newcastle 85+ cohort Study. Dietary information was collected using a repeated multiple-pass recall (2×24 h recalls). Energy, macronutrient and NSP intakes were estimated, and the contribution (%) of food groups to nutrient intake was calculated. The median energy intake was 6·65 (interquartile ranges (IQR) 5·49-8·16) MJ/d - 46·8 % was from carbohydrates, 36·8 % from fats and 15·7 % from proteins. NSP intake was 10·2 g/d (IQR 7·3-13·7). NSP intake was higher in non-institutionalised, more educated, from higher social class and more physically active 85-year-olds. Cereals and cereal products were the top contributors to intakes of energy and most macronutrients (carbohydrates, non-milk extrinsic sugars, NSP and fat), followed by meat and meat products. The median intakes of energy and NSP were much lower than the estimated average requirement for energy (9·6 MJ/d for men and 7·7 MJ/d for women) and the dietary reference value (DRV) for NSP (≥18 g/d). The median SFA intake was higher than the DRV (≤11 % of dietary energy). This study highlights the paucity of data on dietary intake and the uncertainties about DRV for this age group.
authors.affiliation: 1School of Agriculture Food and Rural Development,Newcastle University,Newcastle upon TyneNE1 7RU,UK.
authors.forename: Nuno
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mendonça
authors.affiliation: 1School of Agriculture Food and Rural Development,Newcastle University,Newcastle upon TyneNE1 7RU,UK.
authors.forename: Tom R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Hill
authors.affiliation: 2Newcastle University Institute for Ageing,Newcastle University,Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4AX,UK.
authors.forename: Antoneta
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Granic
authors.affiliation: 2Newcastle University Institute for Ageing,Newcastle University,Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4AX,UK.
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Davies
authors.affiliation: 2Newcastle University Institute for Ageing,Newcastle University,Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4AX,UK.
authors.forename: Joanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Collerton
authors.affiliation: 2Newcastle University Institute for Ageing,Newcastle University,Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4AX,UK.
authors.forename: John C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Mathers
authors.affiliation: 2Newcastle University Institute for Ageing,Newcastle University,Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4AX,UK.
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Siervo
authors.affiliation: 3Human Nutrition Research Centre,Newcastle University,Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH,UK.
authors.forename: Wendy L
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Wrieden
authors.affiliation: 1School of Agriculture Food and Rural Development,Newcastle University,Newcastle upon TyneNE1 7RU,UK.
authors.forename: Chris J
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-6313-6691
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Seal
authors.affiliation: 2Newcastle University Institute for Ageing,Newcastle University,Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4AX,UK.
authors.forename: Thomas B L
authors.initials: TB
authors.lastname: Kirkwood
authors.affiliation: 2Newcastle University Institute for Ageing,Newcastle University,Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4AX,UK.
authors.forename: Carol
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Jagger
authors.affiliation: 2Newcastle University Institute for Ageing,Newcastle University,Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4AX,UK.
authors.forename: Ashley J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Adamson
mesh_terms: D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D004032:Diet; D015930:Diet Records; D004034:Diet Surveys; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002523:Edible Grain; D002149:Energy Intake; D004739:England; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D015577:Geriatric Assessment; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008460:Meat; D011939:Mental Recall; D018673:Nutrition Policy; D009751:Nutritional Requirements; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors
chemical_list: D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D004041:Dietary Fats; D004044:Dietary Proteins
keywords: Aged 80 years and over; CCP cereals and cereal products; DRV dietary reference value; Dietary intakes; EAR estimated average requirement; EI energy intake; NDNS National Diet and Nutrition Survey; NMES non-milk extrinsic sugars; NS-SEC National Statistics Socio-Economic Classification; Newcastle 85+ Study; Very old adults