title: Photo-renewable electroanalytical sensor for neurotransmitters detection in body fluid mimics.
abstract: A composite electrode with a sandwich structure combining the properties of silver nanoparticles and a titania photoactive layer was used for the electroanalytical detection, by differential pulse voltammetry, of three neurotransmitters: dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin. The three analytes were determined at low detection limits (around 0.03 μM) also in the presence of conventional interferents, such as uric and ascorbic acids. The fouling of the electrode surface was overcome by irradiating the device with UVA light, restoring the initial sensor sensitivity. Dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin were determined also in simulated biological matrices: liquor (artificially reproduced cerebrospinal fluid) and serum. Moreover, the contemporaneous detection of dopamine and norepinephrine in simulated human urine solutions was also demonstrated, representing the first step towards clinical applications of the proposed methodology. Graphical abstract The photo-renewable electroanalytical sensor.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Golgi 19, 20133, Milan, Italy. valentina.pifferi@unimi.it.|Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali, (INSTM), Via Giusti 9, 50121, Florence, Italy. valentina.pifferi@unimi.it.
authors.forename: Valentina
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Pifferi
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Golgi 19, 20133, Milan, Italy.|Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali, (INSTM), Via Giusti 9, 50121, Florence, Italy.
authors.forename: Guido
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Soliveri
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale "Amedeo Avogadro", Viale T. Michel 11, 15100, Alessandria, Italy.
authors.forename: Guido
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Panzarasa
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Golgi 19, 20133, Milan, Italy.|Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali, (INSTM), Via Giusti 9, 50121, Florence, Italy.
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cappelletti
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Golgi 19, 20133, Milan, Italy.|Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali, (INSTM), Via Giusti 9, 50121, Florence, Italy.
authors.forename: Daniela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Meroni
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Golgi 19, 20133, Milan, Italy.|Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali, (INSTM), Via Giusti 9, 50121, Florence, Italy.
authors.forename: Luigi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Falciola
mesh_terms: D004298:Dopamine / Q000032:analysis* / Q000097:blood / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid / Q000652:urine; D055664:Electrochemical Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D004566:Electrodes; D006801:Humans; D057230:Limit of Detection; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry; D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents / Q000032:analysis* / Q000097:blood / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid / Q000652:urine; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000032:analysis* / Q000097:blood / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid / Q000652:urine; D012701:Serotonin / Q000032:analysis* / Q000097:blood / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid / Q000652:urine; D012834:Silver / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents; D012701:Serotonin; D012834:Silver; D004298:Dopamine; D009638:Norepinephrine
keywords: Composite electrode device; Neurotransmitters detection; Photo-renewable sensor; Self-cleaning electrode; Silver nanoparticles; Titanium dioxide