title: Distinct BK polyomavirus non-coding control region (NCCR) variants in oral fluids of HIV- associated Salivary Gland Disease patients.
abstract: HIV-associated Salivary Gland Disease (HIVSGD) is among the most common salivary gland-associated complications in HIV positive individuals and was associated with the small DNA tumorvirus BK polyomavirus (BKPyV). The BKPyV non-coding control region (NCCR) is the main determinant of viral replication and rearranges readily. This study analyzed the BKPyV NCCR architecture and viral loads of 35 immunosuppressed individuals. Throatwash samples from subjects diagnosed with HIVSGD and urine samples from transplant patients were BKPyV positive and yielded BKPyV NCCR sequences. 94.7% of the BKPyV HIVSGD NCCRs carried a rearranged OPQPQQS block arrangement, suggesting a distinct architecture among this sample set. BKPyV from HIV positive individuals without HIVSGD harbored NCCR block sequences that were distinct from OPQPQQS. Cloned HIVSGD BKPyV isolates displayed active promoters and efficient replication capability in human salivary gland cells. The unique HIVSGD NCCR architecture may represent a potentially significant oral-tropic BKPyV substrain.
authors.affiliation: Epidemiology Department, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Microbiology and Immunology Department, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
authors.forename: Raquel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Burger-Calderon
authors.affiliation: Department of Dental Ecology, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
authors.forename: Kathy J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Ramsey
authors.affiliation: Department of Dental Ecology, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
authors.forename: Janet M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Dolittle-Hall
authors.affiliation: Department of Dental Ecology, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
authors.forename: William T
authors.initials: WT
authors.lastname: Seaman
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, NC A&T State University, Greensboro, NC, USA.
authors.forename: Liesl K
authors.initials: LK
authors.lastname: Jeffers-Francis
authors.affiliation: Department of Dental Ecology, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Tesfu
authors.affiliation: Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
authors.forename: Volker
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Nickeleit
authors.affiliation: Microbiology and Immunology Department, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Department of Dental Ecology, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA. Electronic address: cyriaquj@dentistry.unc.edu.
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Webster-Cyriaque
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001739:BK Virus / Q000235:genetics*; D001826:Body Fluids / Q000821:virology; D004279:DNA, Viral; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000821:virology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010614:Pharynx / Q000821:virology*; D027601:Polyomavirus Infections / Q000821:virology*; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D012466:Salivary Gland Diseases / Q000821:virology*; D014412:Tumor Virus Infections / Q000821:virology*
chemical_list: D004279:DNA, Viral
keywords: BK polyomavirus; HIV; NCCR; Salivary Gland Disease