title: Topological persistence vineyard for dynamic functional brain connectivity during resting and gaming stages.
abstract: Recent studies have shown the dynamic functional connectivity (FC) of the brain. Accordingly, new challenges have arisen for analyzing and interpreting this rich information.
  
  
  
  We identified the patterns of coherent FC using a novel method in computational topology called the persistence vineyard. It has been developed to track the characteristic change of the network topology under data perturbations in a threshold-free manner.
  
  
  
  We showed the relevance of this new approach by examining the dynamic FC in the resting and gaming stages of 26 healthy subjects. Our proposed method revealed stage and band-specific FC states that were topologically robust.
  
  
  
  While principal component analysis (PCA) estimated similar patterns to our FC states, it produced spurious connectivity due to its orthogonality assumption. Temporal variations of local and global network properties were examined with graph measures. However, unlike the persistence vineyard approach, their results were affected by the network density and its unknown topology.
  
  
  
  Unlike the existing methods, the persistence vineyard provided a more reliable and robust way to estimate FC states. Their extracted network topology changes showed patterns consistent with those of previous studies. Therefore, it may be a potentially powerful tool for studying the dynamic brain network.
authors.affiliation: Bio Imaging & Signal Processing Lab., Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 335 Gwahak-no, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: jaejun.yoo@kaist.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Jaejun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yoo
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Sanggye Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, 1342 Dongil-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01757, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: npeunyoung@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Eun Young
authors.initials: EY
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: aym@snu.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Yong Min
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Ahn
authors.affiliation: Bio Imaging & Signal Processing Lab., Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 335 Gwahak-no, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: jong.ye@kaist.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Jong Chul
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Ye
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016739:Behavior, Addictive / Q000503:physiopathology; D001921:Brain / Q000502:physiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D004569:Electroencephalography / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009434:Neural Pathways / Q000502:physiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D012146:Rest; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted; D018910:Video Games; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Dynamic connectivity analysis; EEG; Functional connectivity; Persistence vineyard; Persistent homology; Topological data analysis