title: Interleukin-21 administration leads to enhanced antigen-specific T cell responses and natural killer cells in HIV-1 vaccinated mice.
abstract: Interleukin-21 (IL-21), which belongs to IL-2 γ chain receptor cytokine family, is as an important regulator of immune responses. In this study, we developed a novel strategy for immunizing mice with a DNA/vaccinia/protein vaccine in the presence or absence of mouse IL-21 (mIL-21) to evaluate whether mIL-21 could enhance immune responses. Our results demonstrated that co-immunization with mIL-21 did not increase significantly the capacity of vaccine induced antibodies to bind to HIV-1 GP140. An effect of mIL-21 in adjusting the efficacy of HIV-1 vaccine through enhancing Th1 type immune response was however observed. The frequencies of HIV-1-specific cytokine-producing CD4+ T and CD4+ TEM cells, especially multifunctional T cell responses, were significantly increased by co-administrating with mIL-21. A significant increase was also observed in the frequency of NK cells in mIL-21 adjuvant groups. Taken together, combination of mIL-21 with HIV-1 vaccines led to distinct enhancement of NK cells and T cell immune responses associated with immune protection.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Changping District, Beijing 102206, China.
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ju
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Changping District, Beijing 102206, China.
authors.forename: Dan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Changping District, Beijing 102206, China.
authors.forename: Xiaolin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Ji
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Changping District, Beijing 102206, China.
authors.forename: Jiandong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Changping District, Beijing 102206, China.
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Changping District, Beijing 102206, China.
authors.forename: Shuo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Changping District, Beijing 102206, China.
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Changping District, Beijing 102206, China.
authors.forename: Yanling
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hao
authors.affiliation: Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, Department of Immunology, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, United States.
authors.forename: Cassian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yee
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Changping District, Beijing 102206, China. Electronic address: lianghua777@sina.com.
authors.forename: Hua
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Changping District, Beijing 102206, China. Electronic address: yshao08@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Yiming
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shao
mesh_terms: D016915:AIDS Vaccines / Q000276:immunology*; D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000818:Animals; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007378:Interleukins / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007694:Killer Cells, Natural / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology; D019444:Vaccines, DNA; D000098546:Interleukin-21
chemical_list: D016915:AIDS Vaccines; D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D007378:Interleukins; D019444:Vaccines, DNA; D000098546:Interleukin-21
keywords: Cytokine adjuvant; HIV-1 vaccine; IL-21; Immune responses; Multifunction