title: Prevalence and implications of Truman symptoms in subjects at ultra high risk for psychosis.
abstract: Preliminary qualitative research has suggested that patients with early stages of psychosis and those at Ultra High Risk (UHR) may experience "Truman symptoms" (TS). This study is an exploratory investigation of TS in a sample of 26 UHR subjects and 14 matched controls (HC) recruited from three prodromal and early intervention clinics and its relation with clinical features, depersonalization and basic self-disturbances. The UHR were assessed with the Comprehensive Assessment of At-Risk Mental States (CAARMS), Social and Occupational Functioning Assessment Scale (SOFAS), the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), the Cambridge Depersonalization Scale (CDS) and the Examination of Anomalous Self Experiences (EASE) checklist. In our sample, TS were specific (TS absent in HC) and highly prevalent (50%) in UHR subjects. We found a significant difference in EASE total scores across HC, UHR with TS and without TS but post-hoc analyses showed similar scores in the two latter groups. The presence of TS in our UHR sample was associated with significant higher PANSS general psychopathology but with non-significant difference in the CAARMS, CDS and SOFAS scores. This study of TS in UHR subjects suggested that they might be prevalent and specific of this population.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK; "OASIS" Prodromal Clinic, SLaM NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; Hospital Santa Maria, Psychiatry Department, Lisbon, Portugal.
authors.forename: Luis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Madeira
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK; "OASIS" Prodromal Clinic, SLaM NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
authors.forename: Ilaria
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Bonoldi
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK; Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
authors.forename: Matteo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rocchetti
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK; "OASIS" Prodromal Clinic, SLaM NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; Department of Neurology and Psychiatry Sapienza, University of Rome UOD Psicoterapia, "Villa Tiburtina" via Casal de'Pazzi 16, 00156 Roma, Italy.
authors.forename: Martina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Brandizzi
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK.
authors.forename: Carly
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Samson
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK.
authors.forename: Matilda
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Azis
authors.affiliation: CAMEO Early Intervention Services, Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, UK.
authors.forename: Beverly
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Queen
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK.
authors.forename: Matthijs
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bossong
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK.
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Allen
authors.affiliation: CAMEO Early Intervention Services, Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, UK.
authors.forename: Jesus
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Perez
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK.
authors.forename: Oliver D
authors.initials: OD
authors.lastname: Howes
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK; "OASIS" Prodromal Clinic, SLaM NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
authors.forename: Philip
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: McGuire
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK; "OASIS" Prodromal Clinic, SLaM NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK. Electronic address: paolo.fusar-poli@kcl.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Fusar-Poli
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003702:Delusions / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D003861:Depersonalization / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015995:Prevalence; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011618:Psychotic Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D018570:Risk Assessment / Q000379:methods; D012307:Risk Factors
keywords: Anomalous self experiences; At risk mental state; Depersonalization; Derealization; Psychosis; Truman symptoms