title: Transmission of Plasmodium vivax in Duffy-negative individuals in central Sudan.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Due to the recently observed rise in Plasmodium vivax incidence in Sudan and reported transmission in Duffy-negative individuals; we aimed to assess the possibility of P. vivax transmission in Duffy-negative individuals in Gezira state, central Sudan.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 126 suspected malaria patients were diagnosed with P. vivax infection using microscopy, RDT and PCR. PCR-RFLP was used to genotype participants Duffy status.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Forty eight (38%) were positive for P. vivax infection by PCR. Four patients (8.3%) were homozygous Duffy-negative.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results confirm that P. vivax can infect Duffy-negative individuals, suggesting alternative mechanisms to bind and invade erythrocytes.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Endemic Diseases, University of Khartoum, Sudan National Centre for Research Commission for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering.
authors.forename: Mohamed H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Abdelraheem
authors.affiliation: Institute of Endemic Diseases, University of Khartoum, Sudan.
authors.forename: Musab M A
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Albsheer
authors.affiliation: Institute of Endemic Diseases, University of Khartoum, Sudan.
authors.forename: Hiba S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Mohamed
authors.affiliation: Institute of Endemic Diseases, University of Khartoum, Sudan Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, Sudan.
authors.forename: Mutaz
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Amin
authors.affiliation: Institute of Endemic Diseases, University of Khartoum, Sudan Mahdi@iend.org.
authors.forename: Muzamil
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mahdi Abdel Hamid
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004375:Duffy Blood-Group System / Q000235:genetics*; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000469:parasitology*; D005260:Female; D006720:Homozygote; D006801:Humans; D016780:Malaria, Vivax / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000469:parasitology* / Q000635:transmission; D008297:Male; D010966:Plasmodium vivax / Q000254:growth & development*; D015995:Prevalence; D013397:Sudan; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D004375:Duffy Blood-Group System
keywords: Duffy antigen receptor; Gezira; Malaria; PCR; Plasmodium vivax; Sudan