title: Matrine displayed antiviral activity in porcine alveolar macrophages co-infected by porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus and porcine circovirus type 2.
abstract: The co-infection of porcine reproductive respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) and porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is quite common in clinical settings and no effective treatment to the co-infection is available. In this study, we established the porcine alveolar macrophages (PAM) cells model co-infected with PRRSV/PCV2 with modification in vitro, and investigated the antiviral activity of Matrine on this cell model and further evaluated the effect of Matrine on virus-induced TLR3,4/NF-κB/TNF-α pathway. The results demonstrated PAM cells inoculated with PRRSV followed by PCV2 2 h later enhanced PRRSV and PCV2 replications. Matrine treatment suppressed both PRRSV and PCV2 infection at 12 h post infection. Furthermore, PRRSV/PCV2 co- infection induced IκBα degradation and phosphorylation as well as the translocation of NF-κB from the cytoplasm to the nucleus indicating that PRRSV/PCV2 co-infection induced NF-κB activation. Matrine treatment significantly down-regulated the expression of TLR3, TLR4 and TNF-α although it, to some extent, suppressed p-IκBα expression, suggesting that TLR3,4/NF-κB/TNF-α pathway play an important role of Matrine in combating PRRSV/PCV2 co-infection. It is concluded that Matrine possesses activity against PRRSV/PCV2 co-infection in vitro and suppression of the TLR3,4/NF-κB/TNF-α pathway as an important underlying molecular mechanism. These findings warrant Matrine to be further explored for its antiviral activity in clinical settings.
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801 Shanxi, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Na
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801 Shanxi, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Panpan
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801 Shanxi, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Haipeng
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lv
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801 Shanxi, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Yaogui
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA.
authors.forename: Jianhua
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: Center for Transplantation Sciences, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston MA, USA.
authors.forename: Zhirui
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Shanxi Veterinary Prevention and Treatment Station, Taiyuan 030024, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Tiantian
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.affiliation: School of Community Health, Faculty of Science, Charles Sturt University, Orange NSW, Australia.
authors.forename: Shaoyu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801 Shanxi, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Hongquan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000470:Alkaloids / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D017925:Circovirus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology*; D060085:Coinfection; D003588:Cytopathogenic Effect, Viral; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D015870:Gene Expression; D015967:Gene Expression Regulation, Viral / Q000187:drug effects; D005814:Genes, Viral; D016676:Macrophages, Alveolar / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000821:virology*; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D019316:Porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology*; D011807:Quinolizines / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012254:Ribavirin / Q000494:pharmacology; D013552:Swine; D051196:Toll-Like Receptor 3 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014779:Virus Replication / Q000187:drug effects; D000093842:Matrines
chemical_list: D000470:Alkaloids; D000998:Antiviral Agents; D016328:NF-kappa B; D011807:Quinolizines; D051196:Toll-Like Receptor 3; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D012254:Ribavirin; D000093842:Matrines