title: Individual Human Metabolic Phenotype Analyzed by (1)H NMR of Saliva Samples.
abstract: Saliva is an important physiological fluid that contains a complex mixture of analytes that may produce a characteristic individual signature. In recent years, it has been demonstrated that urine possesses a clear signature of the individual metabolic phenotype. Here NMR-based metabolomics was employed to analyze saliva from 23 healthy volunteers. About six saliva samples were collected daily from each individual for 10 consecutive days: 7 days in a real-life situation (days 1-7, Phase I) and 3 days (days 8-10, Phase II) under a standardized diet plus a physical exercise program at day 10. The result is the first demonstration of the existence of an individual metabolic phenotype in saliva. A systematic comparative analysis with urine samples from the same collection scheme demonstrates that the individual phenotype in saliva is slightly weaker than that in urine but less influenced by diet.
authors.affiliation: Medical University Graz , Auenbruggerplatz 2, A-8036 Graz, Austria.
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wallner-Liebmann
authors.affiliation: FiorGen Foundation , Via L. Sacconi 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
authors.forename: Leonardo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tenori
authors.affiliation: CERM, University of Florence , Via L. Sacconi 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mazzoleni
authors.affiliation: Medical University Graz , Auenbruggerplatz 2, A-8036 Graz, Austria.
authors.forename: Martina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dieber-Rotheneder
authors.affiliation: FH Joanneum University of Applied Sciences Graz , Alte Poststraße 147, 8020 Graz, Austria.
authors.forename: Manuela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Konrad
authors.affiliation: Karl-Franzens-University Graz , Universitätsplatz 1, 8020 Graz, Austria.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hofmann
authors.affiliation: CERM, University of Florence , Via L. Sacconi 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
authors.forename: Claudio
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Luchinat
authors.affiliation: CERM, University of Florence , Via L. Sacconi 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
authors.forename: Paola
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Turano
authors.affiliation: Medical University Graz , Auenbruggerplatz 2, A-8036 Graz, Austria.
authors.forename: Kurt
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Zatloukal
mesh_terms: D004032:Diet; D015444:Exercise; D064368:Healthy Volunteers; D006801:Humans; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D055432:Metabolomics / Q000379:methods*; D010641:Phenotype; D012463:Saliva / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*
keywords: NMR; diet; fingerprinting; individual phenotype; metabolomics; saliva; standardized lifestyle; urine