title: A fatal bite from the burrowing asp Atractaspis corpulenta (Hallowell 1854).
abstract: Bites from the various species of Atractaspis are a common occurrence in Africa but deaths are very unusual. Of the 19 described species, the clinical effects of the bite of only seven have been described, and in only three (Atractaspis irregularis, Atractaspis microlepidota and Atractaspis engaddensis) have fatalities been documented. A case of envenomation is described following a bite to a finger by Atractaspis corpulenta, which resulted in sudden death approximately two and a half hours later. The victim received antivenom and although anaphylaxis to this cannot be ruled out, we consider it to be unlikely to be the cause of death. A late autopsy was performed and the findings and their interpretation are discussed. The previous case fatalities, toxic fractions and clinical effects of Atractaspis venom are briefly reviewed.
authors.affiliation: Evolutionary Genomics Group, Department of Botany & Zoology, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa. Electronic address: sacoltil@mweb.co.za.
authors.forename: Colin R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Tilbury
authors.affiliation: Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, South Africa.
authors.forename: Janette
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Verster
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000997:Antivenins / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003223:Congo; D017809:Fatal Outcome; D005385:Fingers; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D060051:Occupational Injuries / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D012909:Snake Bites / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D012911:Snakes
chemical_list: D000997:Antivenins
keywords: Africa; Atractaspis; Autopsy; Fatality; Sarafotoxins; Snakebite