title: [Bacteriobilia: a non-resolved problem].
abstract: Bile duct is usually sterile, and the isolating of microorganisms (bacteriobilia) has been related to some factors, such as age, biliary drainage before pancreatic surgery or bile duct stones. Gramnegative strains remain the most frequent pathogens, especially Escherichia coli. Among grampositives Enterococcus spp should be mentioned. Currently, there is controversy about whether the presence of bacteriobilia has an impact on unfavorable outcome of biliary disease or surgical procedures or mortality rates, with complications such as surgical site infections or bacteremia. In high-risk patients, such as immunosuppressed or those underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy, bile duct cultures performed routinely, even if there are not clinical data of infection, could be necessary in order to start antibiotic treatment or to reduce its spectrum.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Armiñanzas
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Herrera
authors.affiliation: M. Carmen Fariñas, Sección de Enfermedades Infecciosas. Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla Universidad de Cantabria. Av. Valdecilla s/n 39008, Santander, Spain. mcfarinas@humv.es.
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Fariñas
mesh_terms: D001649:Bile Duct Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000382:microbiology*; D001652:Bile Ducts / Q000382:microbiology; D016905:Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology; D006801:Humans; D013530:Surgical Wound Infection