title: Characterisation of synovial fluid and infrapatellar fat pad derived mesenchymal stromal cells: The influence of tissue source and inflammatory stimulus.
abstract: The infrapatellar fat pad (FP) and synovial fluid (SF) in the knee serve as reservoirs of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) with potential therapeutic benefit. We determined the influence of the donor on the phenotype of donor matched FP and SF derived MSCs and examined their immunogenic and immunomodulatory properties before and after stimulation with the pro-inflammatory cytokine interferon-gamma (IFN-γ). Both cell populations were positive for MSC markers CD73, CD90 and CD105, and displayed multipotency. FP-MSCs had a significantly faster proliferation rate than SF-MSCs. CD14 positivity was seen in both FP-MSCs and SF-MSCs, and was positively correlated to donor age but only for SF-MSCs. Neither cell population was positive for the co-stimulatory markers CD40, CD80 and CD86, but both demonstrated increased levels of human leukocyte antigen-DR (HLA-DR) following IFN-γ stimulation. HLA-DR production was positively correlated with donor age for FP-MSCs but not SF-MSCs. The immunomodulatory molecule, HLA-G, was constitutively produced by both cell populations, unlike indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase which was only produced following IFN-γ stimulation. FP and SF are accessible cell sources which could be utilised in the treatment of cartilage injuries, either by transplantation following ex-vivo expansion or endogenous targeting and mobilisation of cells close to the site of injury.
authors.affiliation: The Robert Jones and Agnes Hunt Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Oswestry, Shropshire, SY10 7AG, UK.|Institute for Science &Technology in Medicine, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK.
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Garcia
authors.affiliation: The Robert Jones and Agnes Hunt Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Oswestry, Shropshire, SY10 7AG, UK.|Institute for Science &Technology in Medicine, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK.
authors.forename: Karina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wright
authors.affiliation: The Robert Jones and Agnes Hunt Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Oswestry, Shropshire, SY10 7AG, UK.|Institute for Science &Technology in Medicine, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK.
authors.forename: Sally
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Roberts
authors.affiliation: The Robert Jones and Agnes Hunt Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Oswestry, Shropshire, SY10 7AG, UK.|Institute for Science &Technology in Medicine, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK.
authors.forename: Jan Herman
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kuiper
authors.affiliation: The Robert Jones and Agnes Hunt Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Oswestry, Shropshire, SY10 7AG, UK.
authors.forename: Chas
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mangham
authors.affiliation: The Robert Jones and Agnes Hunt Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Oswestry, Shropshire, SY10 7AG, UK.|Institute for Science &Technology in Medicine, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK.
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Richardson
authors.affiliation: The Robert Jones and Agnes Hunt Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Oswestry, Shropshire, SY10 7AG, UK.|Institute for Science &Technology in Medicine, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK.
authors.forename: Claire
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mennan
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000166:cytology*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D010329:Patella / Q000166:cytology*; D013582:Synovial Fluid