title: En Face Spectral-Domain Optical Coherence Tomography Imaging of Outer Retinal Hard Exudates in Diabetic Macular Edema Based on Optical Coherence Tomography Patterns.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate en face spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) findings of the outer retinal hard exudates in diabetic macular edema (DME).
  
  
  METHODS
  Exploratory analyses of prospective and consecutive case series. Fifty-five eyes treated with intravitreal ranibizumab (IVR) (Lucentis; Genentech, South San Francisco, CA) for 12 months were classified according to OCT features of DME: diffuse retinal thickening (DRT), cystoid macular edema (CME), and serous retinal detachment (SRD). Area fraction of outer nuclear layer (ONL) hard exudates (HEs) was assessed from en face OCT images.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Area fraction of ONL HEs increased from 1.45% ± 1.22% to 2.24% ± 1.31% in DRT and from 2.24% ± 1.85% to 3.25% ± 1.52% in CME. HE gain was greatest during first 3 months (DRT = 0.83%; CME = 1.25%). SRD showed no difference in HEs (P = .462).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ONL HEs increased in DRT and CME at month 12 following IVR. Rapid gain of HEs was found during the initial loading phase of IVR.
authors.forename: Yonguk
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Seung-Young
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Hyung Woo
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Kwak
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003930:Diabetic Retinopathy / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D058449:Intravitreal Injections; D008269:Macular Edema / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D000069579:Ranibizumab / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012160:Retina / Q000473:pathology*; D058471:Subretinal Fluid; D041623:Tomography, Optical Coherence; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors
chemical_list: D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors; C467484:VEGFA protein, human; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D000069579:Ranibizumab