title: Effects of anthropogenic sound on digging behavior, metabolism, Ca(2+)/Mg(2+) ATPase activity, and metabolism-related gene expression of the bivalve Sinonovacula constricta.
abstract: Anthropogenic sound has increased significantly in the past decade. However, only a few studies to date have investigated its effects on marine bivalves, with little known about the underlying physiological and molecular mechanisms. In the present study, the effects of different types, frequencies, and intensities of anthropogenic sounds on the digging behavior of razor clams (Sinonovacula constricta) were investigated. The results showed that variations in sound intensity induced deeper digging. Furthermore, anthropogenic sound exposure led to an alteration in the O:N ratios and the expression of ten metabolism-related genes from the glycolysis, fatty acid biosynthesis, tryptophan metabolism, and Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle (TCA cycle) pathways. Expression of all genes under investigation was induced upon exposure to anthropogenic sound at ~80 dB re 1 μPa and repressed at ~100 dB re 1 μPa sound. In addition, the activity of Ca(2+)/Mg(2+)-ATPase in the feet tissues, which is directly related to muscular contraction and subsequently to digging behavior, was also found to be affected by anthropogenic sound intensity. The findings suggest that sound may be perceived by bivalves as changes in the water particle motion and lead to the subsequent reactions detected in razor clams.
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Chao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Xinguo
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Saixi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Cheng
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Jingang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Haibo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wan
authors.affiliation: Applied Acoustic Institute of Hangzhou, Hangzhou, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Tiedong
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Guangxu
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000528:radiation effects*; D049872:Bivalvia / Q000502:physiology*; D017301:Ca(2+) Mg(2+)-ATPase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D002952:Citric Acid Cycle / Q000235:genetics / Q000528:radiation effects; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000096:biosynthesis; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000528:radiation effects; D006019:Glycolysis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D008954:Models, Biological; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D010100:Oxygen / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D012623:Seawater / Q000032:analysis; D013016:Sound; D014364:Tryptophan / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D005227:Fatty Acids; D014364:Tryptophan; D017301:Ca(2+) Mg(2+)-ATPase; D009584:Nitrogen; D010100:Oxygen