title: Assessment of Functional Norovirus Antibody Responses by Blocking Assay in Mice.
abstract: Norovirus (NoV)-specific serum antibodies bind to NoV-derived virus-like particles (VLPs) and block the binding of VLPs to the host cell attachment factors/receptors, histo-blood group antigens (HBGAs). Blocking antibodies in human sera have been associated with a protection from NoV infection and disease. Studies of experimental NoV VLP-based vaccines measure blocking antibodies in animal sera instead of a traditional virus neutralization assay. This chapter describes the methodology for analyzing blocking antibodies from NoV GII.4 VLP-immunized mouse sera. Protocol for obtaining mouse NoV GII.4-specific immune sera is described, followed by the detailed protocol for blocking assay using synthetic HBGAs.
authors.affiliation: Vaccine Research Center, University of Tampere Medical School, Biokatu 10, Tampere, 33520, Finland.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Malm
authors.affiliation: Vaccine Research Center, University of Tampere Medical School, Biokatu 10, Tampere, 33520, Finland.
authors.forename: Kirsi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tamminen
authors.affiliation: Vaccine Research Center, University of Tampere Medical School, Biokatu 10, Tampere, 33520, Finland. vesna.blazevic@uta.fi.
authors.forename: Vesna
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Blazevic
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019138:Antibodies, Blocking / Q000276:immunology*; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology*; D000917:Antibody Formation; D017250:Caliciviridae Infections / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology*; D051379:Mice; D029322:Norovirus / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D019138:Antibodies, Blocking; D000914:Antibodies, Viral
keywords: Antibody; Blocking assay; HBGAs; Norovirus; VLPs; Vaccine