title: Maternal and cord blood vitamin D status and childhood infection and allergic disease: a systematic review.
abstract: It is unclear how in utero vitamin D deficiency affects the extraskeletal health of children, despite the known risks for adverse pregnancy/birth outcomes.
  
  
  
  This systematic review seeks to assess the effect of in utero vitamin D exposure on childhood allergy and infection outcomes using the PRISMA guidelines.
  
  
  
  MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases were searched.
  
  
  
  Literature published through April 2015 was searched for studies reporting on the association between maternal pregnancy or cord blood vitamin D status and childhood allergy and infection.
  
  
  
  Of 4175 articles identified, 43 studies met the inclusion criteria. They examined a wide variety of outcomes, using many different vitamin D cutoff values in their analyses.
  
  
  
  For most outcomes, results were inconsistent, although there appeared to be a protective effect between higher in utero vitamin D status and childhood lower respiratory tract infection (5 of 10 studies).
  
  
  
  More research is needed on childhood allergy and infection outcomes, and future studies should standardize outcome reporting, especially with regard to cutoff values for vitamin D concentrations. Evidence of a protective association between in utero vitamin D exposure and lower respiratory tract infection was found, while the other outcomes were either understudied or showed inconsistent results.PROSPERO registration no. CRD42013006156.
authors.affiliation: D.A. Fried, J. Rhyu, M.R. Karagas, and D. Gilbert-Diamond are with the Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA. K. Odato and H. Blunt are with the Biomedical Libraries, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA.
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Fried
authors.affiliation: D.A. Fried, J. Rhyu, M.R. Karagas, and D. Gilbert-Diamond are with the Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA. K. Odato and H. Blunt are with the Biomedical Libraries, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA.
authors.forename: Jane
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rhyu
authors.affiliation: D.A. Fried, J. Rhyu, M.R. Karagas, and D. Gilbert-Diamond are with the Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA. K. Odato and H. Blunt are with the Biomedical Libraries, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA.
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Odato
authors.affiliation: D.A. Fried, J. Rhyu, M.R. Karagas, and D. Gilbert-Diamond are with the Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA. K. Odato and H. Blunt are with the Biomedical Libraries, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA.
authors.forename: Heather
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Blunt
authors.affiliation: D.A. Fried, J. Rhyu, M.R. Karagas, and D. Gilbert-Diamond are with the Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA. K. Odato and H. Blunt are with the Biomedical Libraries, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA.
authors.forename: Margaret R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Karagas
authors.affiliation: D.A. Fried, J. Rhyu, M.R. Karagas, and D. Gilbert-Diamond are with the Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA. K. Odato and H. Blunt are with the Biomedical Libraries, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA. Diane.Gilbert-Diamond@dartmouth.edu.
authors.forename: Diane
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gilbert-Diamond
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D005312:Fetal Blood / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D006967:Hypersensitivity / Q000097:blood*; D007239:Infections / Q000097:blood*; D011247:Pregnancy / Q000097:blood*; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000097:blood*; D014815:Vitamins / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D014815:Vitamins; D014807:Vitamin D
keywords: allergy; epidemiology; infection; pediatrics; pregnancy; vitamin D