title: Evaluation of halitosis using OralChroma™ in patients with allergic rhinitis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was to evaluate the occurrence of halitosis in patients with allergic rhinitis (AR).
  
  
  METHODS
  In this study, we enrolled 53 patients with AR and 34 participants as controls. Halitosis was evaluated by measuring volatile sulphur compound (VSC) levels. VSCs, which consist of hydrogen sulphide (HS), methyl mercaptan (MM), and dimethyl sulphide (DMS), were measured using a portable gas chromatograph (OralChroma™; AbiMedical, Osaka, Japan).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients with AR exhibited significantly higher levels of MM and DMS that did control subjects. Specifically, MM levels showed a greater increase than DMS levels in patients with AR than in controls. We observed no significant changes in the levels of HS between the groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study demonstrated that AR is likely to result in halitosis. Several studies have overlooked the relationship between halitosis and AR. In light of our results, we suggest that halitosis should be further investigated in patients with AR.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolarynology, Gaziosmanpasa Taksim Training and Research Hospital, Karayolları Mahallesi, Osmanbey Caddesi, No. 120, Gaziosmanpaşa, Istanbul, Turkey. Electronic address: ozgur_tr@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: M O
authors.initials: MO
authors.lastname: Avincsal
authors.affiliation: Taste and Smell Clinic, Istanbul Surgery Hospital, Ferah Sok, No. 22 Şişli, TR-34365 Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Altundag
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolarynology, Gaziosmanpasa Taksim Training and Research Hospital, Karayolları Mahallesi, Osmanbey Caddesi, No. 120, Gaziosmanpaşa, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Dinc
authors.affiliation: Deparment of Otorhinolaryngology, Amasya University S.S. Training and Research Hospital, 05100 Kirazlidere, Amasya, Turkey.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cayonu
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolarynology, Gaziosmanpasa Taksim Training and Research Hospital, Karayolları Mahallesi, Osmanbey Caddesi, No. 120, Gaziosmanpaşa, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Topak
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolarynology, Gaziosmanpasa Taksim Training and Research Hospital, Karayolları Mahallesi, Osmanbey Caddesi, No. 120, Gaziosmanpaşa, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kulekci
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002849:Chromatography, Gas / Q000295:instrumentation*; D005260:Female; D006209:Halitosis / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D006862:Hydrogen Sulfide / Q000032:analysis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D065631:Rhinitis, Allergic / Q000150:complications*; D013438:Sulfhydryl Compounds / Q000032:analysis; D013440:Sulfides / Q000032:analysis; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D013438:Sulfhydryl Compounds; D013440:Sulfides; C005231:methylmercaptan; C004784:dimethyl sulfide; D006862:Hydrogen Sulfide
keywords: Allergic rhinitis; Halitosis; OralChroma™; Volatile sulphur compounds