title: Liver transplantation in the United Kingdom.
abstract: Liver transplantation (LT) services in the United Kingdom are provided by 7 designated transplant centers for a population of approximately 64 million. The number of deceased organ donors has grown, and in 2014-2015 it was 1282 (570 donation after circulatory death and 772 donation after brain death). Donor risk is increasing. In 2014-2015, there were 829 LTs from deceased and 38 from living donors. The common causes for transplantation are liver cell cancer, viral hepatitis, and alcohol-related liver disease. Livers are allocated first nationally to super-urgent listed patients and then on a zonal basis. The United Kingdom will be moving toward a national allocation scheme. The median interval between listing and transplantation is 152 days for adults awaiting their first elective transplant. Of the adults listed for the first elective transplant, 68% underwent transplantation at < 1 year; 17% are waiting; and 4% and 11% were removed or died, respectively. The 1- and 5-year adult patient survival rate from listing is 81% and 68%, respectively, and from transplantation is 92% and 80%, respectively. The transplant program is funded through general taxation and is free at the point of care to those who are eligible for National Health Service (NHS) treatment; some have to pay for medication (up to a maximum payment of US $151/year). The competent authority is the Human Tissue Authority which licenses donor characterization, retrieval, and implantation; transplant units are commissioned by NHS England and NHS Scotland. National Health Service Blood and Transplant (NHSBT) promotes organ donation, maintains the organ donor register, obtains consent, and undertakes donor characterization and offering. NHSBT also maintains the national waiting list, develops and applies selection and allocation policies, monitors outcomes, and maintains the UK National Transplant Registry and commissions a national organ retrieval service. Liver Transplantation 22 1129-1135 2016 AASLD.
authors.affiliation: Organ Donation and Transplantation, National Health Service Blood and Transplant, Bristol, UK.|Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, UK.
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Neuberger
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D046148:Donor Selection / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D058625:End Stage Liver Disease / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D005380:Financing, Government; D017048:Health Care Costs; D006297:Health Services Accessibility / Q000191:economics; D006801:Humans; D016031:Liver Transplantation / Q000191:economics / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D019520:Living Donors; D012042:Registries; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D015996:Survival Rate; D014019:Tissue Donors; D009927:Tissue and Organ Procurement / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006113:United Kingdom; D014850:Waiting Lists