title: Green approach using monolithic column for simultaneous determination of coformulated drugs.
abstract: Green chemistry and sustainability is now entirely encompassed across the majority of pharmaceutical companies and research labs. Researchers' attention is careworn toward implementing the green analytical chemistry principles for more eco-friendly analytical methodologies. Solvents play a dominant role in determining the greenness of the analytical procedure. Using safer solvents, the greenness profile of the methodology could be increased remarkably. In this context, a green chromatographic method has been developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of phenylephrine, paracetamol, and guaifenesin in their ternary pharmaceutical mixture. The chromatographic separation was carried out using monolithic column and green solvents as mobile phase. The use of monolithic column allows efficient separation protocols at higher flow rates, which results in short time of analysis. Two-factor three-level experimental design was used to optimize the chromatographic conditions. The greenness profile of the proposed methodology was assessed using eco-scale as a green metrics and was found to be an excellent green method with regard to the usage and production of hazardous chemicals and solvents, energy consumption, and amount of produced waste. The proposed method improved the environmental impact without compromising the analytical performance criteria and could be used as a safer alternate for the routine analysis of the studied drugs.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmacy, Analytical Chemistry Department, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
authors.forename: Ali M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Yehia
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmacy, Analytical Chemistry Department, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
authors.forename: Heba M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Mohamed
mesh_terms: D000082:Acetaminophen / Q000032:analysis*; D055772:Green Chemistry Technology; D006140:Guaifenesin / Q000032:analysis*; D015394:Molecular Structure; D010656:Phenylephrine / Q000032:analysis*; D012997:Solvents / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D012997:Solvents; D010656:Phenylephrine; D000082:Acetaminophen; D006140:Guaifenesin
keywords: Eco-scale; Experimental design; Green analysis; Monolithic column; Pharmaceutical combination