title: Enzyme Mimics: Advances and Applications.
abstract: Enzyme mimics or artificial enzymes are a class of catalysts that have been actively pursued for decades and have heralded much interest as potentially viable alternatives to natural enzymes. Aside from having catalytic activities similar to their natural counterparts, enzyme mimics have the desired advantages of tunable structures and catalytic efficiencies, excellent tolerance to experimental conditions, lower cost, and purely synthetic routes to their preparation. Although still in the midst of development, impressive advances have already been made. Enzyme mimics have shown immense potential in the catalysis of a wide range of chemical and biological reactions, the development of chemical and biological sensing and anti-biofouling systems, and the production of pharmaceuticals and clean fuels. This Review concerns the development of various types of enzyme mimics, namely polymeric and dendrimeric, supramolecular, nanoparticulate and proteinic enzyme mimics, with an emphasis on their synthesis, catalytic properties and technical applications. It provides an introduction to enzyme mimics and a comprehensive summary of the advances and current standings of their applications, and seeks to inspire researchers to perfect the design and synthesis of enzyme mimics and to tailor their functionality for a much wider range of applications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Fax.
authors.forename: Evelyn
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kuah
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Fax.
authors.forename: Seraphina
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Toh
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Fax.
authors.forename: Jessica
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yee
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Fax.
authors.forename: Qian
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Fax. chmgaoz@nus.edu.sg.
authors.forename: Zhiqiang
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-6160-1147
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Gao
mesh_terms: D000906:Antibodies / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D002384:Catalysis; D050091:Dendrimers / Q000737:chemistry; D004798:Enzymes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D049329:Nanostructures / Q000737:chemistry; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry; D047392:beta-Cyclodextrins / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000906:Antibodies; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D050091:Dendrimers; D004798:Enzymes; D011108:Polymers; D047392:beta-Cyclodextrins; C031215:betadex
keywords: catalysis; enzymes; host-guest systems; macrocycles; supramolecular chemistry