title: Oligonol, a lychee fruit-derived low-molecular form of polyphenol mixture, suppresses inflammatory cytokine production from human monocytes.
abstract: Monocytes produce high levels of inflammatory cytokines including IL-6 and TNF-α that are involved in autoimmunity, inflammatory diseases, cardiovascular disease and obesity. Therapies targeting IL-6 and TNF-α have been utilized in treating chronic inflammatory diseases. Oligonol is a lychee fruit-derived low-molecular form of polyphenol mixture, typically catechin-type monomers and oligomers of proanthocyanidins, which are produced by an oligomerization process. Although previous studies reported anti-inflammatory properties of Oligonol, it is unknown whether and how Oligonol suppresses IL-6 and TNF-α production in human monocytes. The results of our study demonstrate that Oligonol (25μg/ml) decreases the production of IL-6 and TNF-α from human primary monocytes as measured by flow cytometry and ELISA. Such an anti-cytokine effect was likely mediated by the suppression of NF-κB activation without inducing cell death. Our findings raise the possibility of exploring the benefits of Oligonol in controlling inflammatory conditions, especially those associated with monocytes, in humans.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
authors.forename: Naeun
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
authors.forename: Min Sun
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
authors.forename: Youna
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Ulsan University, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Kieyoung
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Research and Development Division, Amino Up Chemical Co., Ltd, 004-0839 Sapporo, Japan.
authors.forename: Takahiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Maeda
authors.affiliation: Research and Development Division, Amino Up Chemical Co., Ltd, 004-0839 Sapporo, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nishioka
authors.affiliation: Research and Development Division, Amino Up Chemical Co., Ltd, 004-0839 Sapporo, Japan.
authors.forename: Hajime
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fujii
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA. Electronic address: Insoo.kang@yale.edu.
authors.forename: Insoo
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kang
mesh_terms: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002392:Catechin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D032125:Litchi / Q000276:immunology*; D009000:Monocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D010636:Phenols / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D059808:Polyphenols / Q000737:chemistry; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D015850:Interleukin-6; D016328:NF-kappa B; D010636:Phenols; D010936:Plant Extracts; D059808:Polyphenols; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; C514283:oligonol; D002392:Catechin
keywords: Cytokines; Human; Monocytes; Oligonol; Polyphenols