title: Post-harvest impacts of rodents in Myanmar; how much rice do they eat and damage?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We undertook studies on post-harvest losses by rodents in two townships in the Ayeyarwady Delta, Myanmar. Farmers harvest their monsoon rice crop and then stack it on levee banks to await threshing 4-6 weeks later. After threshing and drying, paddy rice is stored in granaries. The amount of grain stored in burrows was collected 4 weeks after harvest by excavating burrows. In grain stores, we quantified the weight of grain consumed by rodents for 3-6 months post-harvest.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The dominant species in the field were Bandicota bengalensis and B. indica, whereas in grain stores the dominant species were Rattus rattus and R. exulans. The mean grain stored by rodents in burrows was 1.49 ± 0.9 kg burrow-1in 2013 and 1.41 ± 0.7 kg burrow-1in 2014. The mean loss of grain in granaries was higher in Daik U (14% in 2013, 4% in 2014) than in Maubin (8.2% in 2013, 1.2% in 2014). The total amount of grain lost to rodents during piling and storing could feed households for 1.6-4 months.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Post-harvest losses of grain is a significant food security issue for smallholder farmers in Myanmar. Community rodent management and better rodent-proofing of granaries are recommended to reduce losses caused by rodents. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.
authors.affiliation: Crop and Environmental Sciences Division, International Rice Research Institute, Metro Manila, Philippines.|Plant Protection Division, Myanma Agriculture Service, Yangon, Myanmar.
authors.forename: Nyo Me
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Htwe
authors.affiliation: Crop and Environmental Sciences Division, International Rice Research Institute, Metro Manila, Philippines.|Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, Chatham Marine, Kent, UK.
authors.forename: Grant R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Singleton
authors.affiliation: Plant Protection Division, Myanma Agriculture Service, Yangon, Myanmar.|Entomology Department, Yezin Agriculture University, Nay Pyi Taw, Myanmar.
authors.forename: Pyai Phyo
authors.initials: PP
authors.lastname: Maw
mesh_terms: D000383:Agriculture; D000818:Animals; D002523:Edible Grain; D002052:Myanmar; D012275:Oryza; D012377:Rodentia
keywords: Ayeyarwady; Bago; post-harvest; quality loss; quantity loss; rodents