title: Advances in fetal surgery.
abstract: This paper discusses the main advances in fetal surgical therapy aiming to inform health care professionals about the state-of-the-art techniques and future challenges in this field. We discuss the necessary steps of technical evolution from the initial open fetal surgery approach until the development of minimally invasive techniques of fetal endoscopic surgery (fetoscopy).
authors.affiliation: Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Denise Araujo Lapa
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Pedreira
mesh_terms: D000013:Congenital Abnormalities / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D005332:Fetoscopy / Q000639:trends; D005333:Fetus / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D019060:Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures / Q000401:mortality / Q000639:trends