title: Regulation of cytokine gene expression by orosomucoid in neonatal swine adipose tissue.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Porcine adipose tissue expresses orosomucoid (ORM1) mRNA, a protein with anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties. Previous research has demonstrated that porcine ORM1 can reduce insulin stimulated glucose metabolism in porcine adipose tissue in vitro. The present study was designed to examine the preweaning ontogeny of ORM1 mRNA abundance in porcine subcutaneous adipose and to determine if ORM1 can regulate mRNA abundance of inflammatory cytokines that contribute to insulin resistance in primary cultures derived from neonatal porcine subcutaneous adipose tissue. Cultures were differentiated in vitro and subsequently the adipocyte containing cultures were incubated for 24 h with 0-5000 ng porcine ORM1/mL medium. Cultures were then harvested, total RNA extracted for use in reverse transcription and the mRNA abundance of cytokine mRNA quantified by real-time PCR.
  
  
  RESULTS
  ORM1 mRNA abundance within neonatal adipose tissue does not change from d 1 to d 21 of age and is a very small fraction relative to liver mRNA abundance. The ORM1 mRNA level in porcine adipocytes and stromal-vascular cells are similar (P > 0.05). Treatment with ORM1 did not affect TNFα (tumor necrosis factor α) mRNA level (P > 0.05), while interleukin 6 (IL6) mRNA abundance was reduced 32 % at 1,000 ng ORM1/mL (P < 0.01). However, TNFα protein content in the cell culture media was reduced by ORM1 treatment (5,000 ng/mL, P < 0.05), whereas ORM1 had no detectable effect on the media content of IL6 (P > 0.05). The reduction of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) mRNA abundance by ORM1 was dose dependent (P < 0.01). Monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP) mRNA level was reduced 27 % by 1,000 ng ORM1/mL (P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The data suggest that ORM1 has limited effects TNFα, IL6, MIF or MCP expression at the concentrations tested. Secondly, these cytokines do not appear to contribute to the reported insulin resistance induced by ORM1 in porcine adipose tissue in vitro as an increase in the abundance of these inflammatory cytokines would be predicted during an insulin resistant state.
authors.affiliation: Animal Biosciences and Biotechnology Laboratory, USDA/ARS, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA.
authors.forename: Timothy G
authors.initials: TG
authors.lastname: Ramsay
authors.affiliation: Animal Biosciences and Biotechnology Laboratory, USDA/ARS, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA.
authors.forename: Margo J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Stoll
authors.affiliation: Animal Biosciences and Biotechnology Laboratory, USDA/ARS, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA.
authors.forename: Le Ann
authors.initials: le A
authors.lastname: Blomberg
authors.affiliation: Animal Biosciences and Biotechnology Laboratory, USDA/ARS, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA.
authors.forename: Thomas J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Caperna
keywords: Adipose; Cytokines; Neonate; Orosomucoid; Swine