title: Levels of Serum 25(OH)VD3, HIF-1α, VEGF, vWf, and IGF-1 and Their Correlation in Type 2 Diabetes Patients with Different Urine Albumin Creatinine Ratio.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate changes in serum 25(OH)VD3, HIF-1α, VEGF, vWf, IGF-1, and their correlation in type 2 diabetes patients at different stages of diabetic kidney disease (DKD).
  
  
  METHODS
  502 type 2 diabetes patients were divided into three groups: Normoalbuminuric group (201 patients), Microalbuminuric group (171 patients), and Macroalbuminuric group (130 patients). Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 [25(OH)VD3] was measured by chemiluminescence. Serum hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), von Willebrand factor (vWf), and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. We detected the aforementioned serum factors in all cases and 224 control subjects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Serum HIF-1α, VEGF, vWf, and IGF-1 in type 2 diabetes patients were significantly higher than those in the control group and increased with the increase of Ln(ACR), respectively (P < 0.001). Serum 25(OH)VD3 was significantly lower in type 2 diabetes patients and decreased with the increase of Ln(ACR) (P < 0.001). Ln(ACR) was positively correlated with duration, HbA1c, Scr, BUN, TC, LDL, TG, UA, HIF-1α, VEGF, IGF-1, vWf, and Fg and negatively correlated with 25(OH)VD3 and eGFR.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Serum HIF-1α, VEGF, vWf, and IGF-1 may be involved in DKD process through inflammation, angiogenesis, and endothelial injury. Serum 25(OH)VD3 may have protective effects on DKD partly by inhibiting inflammation, abnormal angiogenesis, and vascular endothelial dysfunction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, China.
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shao
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, China.
authors.forename: Chuan
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lv
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, China.
authors.forename: Qin
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, China.
authors.forename: Qiuyue
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000419:Albuminuria / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000652:urine; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D002112:Calcifediol / Q000097:blood*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003404:Creatinine / Q000652:urine*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000652:urine; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000652:urine; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit / Q000097:blood*; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000032:analysis*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D065840:Protective Factors; D012307:Risk Factors; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000097:blood*; D014841:von Willebrand Factor / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; C497442:HIF1A protein, human; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit; C583557:IGF1 protein, human; C467484:VEGFA protein, human; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D014841:von Willebrand Factor; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; D003404:Creatinine; D002112:Calcifediol