title: Prenatal caprine milk oligosaccharide consumption affects the development of mice offspring.
abstract: The composition of the gastrointestinal (GIT) microbiota, particularly in early life, influences the development of metabolic diseases later in life. The maternal microbiota is the main source of bacteria colonising the infant GIT and can be modified by dietary prebiotics. Our objective was to determine the effects of prenatal consumption of prebiotic caprine milk oligosaccharides (CMO) on the large intestine of female mice, milk composition, and offspring's development.
  
  
  
  C57BL/6 mice were fed either a control diet, CMO diet, or galacto-oligosaccharide diet from mating to weaning. From weaning, some pups nursed by CMO, GOS, and control-dams were fed the control diet for 30 days. CMO or GOS-fed dams had increased colon length and milk protein concentration compared to control-fed dams. At weaning, pups from CMO-fed dams had increased body weight and colon length and increased proportions of colonic Bifidobacterium spp compared to the pups from control-fed dams. Thirty days after weaning, pups from CMO-fed dams had increased visceral fat weight compared to pups from control-fed dams.
  
  
  
  Consumption of CMO by the dams during gestation and lactation improved the development of the pups, and the relative abundance of bifidobacteria and butyric acid in the colon, at weaning.
authors.affiliation: Food Nutrition & Health Team, Food and Bio-based Products Group, AgResearch Grasslands, Palmerston North, New Zealand. caroline.thum@agresearch.co.nz.|Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand. caroline.thum@agresearch.co.nz.
authors.forename: Caroline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Thum
authors.affiliation: Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.|AgResearch Grasslands, Palmerston North, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Warren C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: McNabb
authors.affiliation: Food Nutrition & Health Team, Food and Bio-based Products Group, AgResearch Grasslands, Palmerston North, New Zealand.|Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Wayne
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Young
authors.affiliation: Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.|Food Assurance & Meat Quality Team, Food and Bio-based Products Group, Hopkirk Institute, Palmerston North, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Adrian L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Cookson
authors.affiliation: Food Nutrition & Health Team, Food and Bio-based Products Group, AgResearch Grasslands, Palmerston North, New Zealand.|Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.|Gravida, National Centre for Growth and Development, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Nicole C
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: Roy
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001835:Body Weight; D003106:Colon / Q000382:microbiology*; D004032:Diet; D005260:Female; D005269:Femur / Q000737:chemistry; D000069196:Gastrointestinal Microbiome / Q000187:drug effects; D006041:Goats; D020738:Leptin / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D039382:Maternal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008892:Milk / Q000737:chemistry; D009844:Oligosaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D056692:Prebiotics; D011247:Pregnancy; D014886:Weaning
chemical_list: D020738:Leptin; D009844:Oligosaccharides; D056692:Prebiotics
keywords: Caprine milk oligosaccharides; Development; Prebiotic; Pregnancy; Prenatal diet