title: Nutrition behaviors, perceptions, and beliefs of recent marathon finishers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the nutrition behaviors, perceptions, and beliefs of marathoners.
  
  
  METHODS
  A survey-based study was conducted with 422 recent marathon finishers (199 men, 223 women). Participants reported their running background, demographics, diets followed, supplements used, and food/fluid intake during their most recent marathon (median 7 days prior), as well as beliefs about hydration, fueling, and sources of nutrition information.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Median finishing times were 3:53 (3:26-4:35) and 4:25 (3:50-4:59) h:min for men and women during their most recent marathon. Most participants (66.1%) reported typically following a moderate-carbohydrate, moderate-fat diet, while 66.4% carbohydrate-loaded prior to their most recent marathon. Among 139 participants following a specific diet over the past year, the most common were vegetarian/vegan/pescatarian (n = 39), Paleolithic (n = 16), gluten-free (n = 15), and low-carbohydrate (n = 12). Roughly 35% of participants took a supplement intended to improve running performance over the past month. Women were more likely to follow specific diets (39.0% vs. 26.1%), while men were more likely to recently use performance-enhancing supplements (40.2% vs. 30.0%). Most participants (68.3%) indicated they were likely or very likely to rely on a structured plan to determine fluid intake, and 75% were confident in their ability to hydrate. At least 35.6% of participants thought they could improve marathon performance by 8% or more with nutrition interventions. Scientific journals ranked as the most reliable source of nutrition information, while running coaches ranked as the most likely source to be utilized.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Findings from this investigation, such as diets and supplements utilized by marathoners, can be used by practitioners and researchers alike to improve the dissemination of scientifically-based information on nutrition and marathon running.
authors.affiliation: a Human Movement Sciences , Old Dominion University , Norfolk , VA , USA.
authors.forename: Patrick B
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Wilson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D056352:Athletes; D001294:Attitude to Health; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004032:Diet; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004327:Drinking Behavior; D005260:Female; D006266:Health Education; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012420:Running; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: Diet; exercise; running; supplements; survey