title: Doctrine of equivalents in Japan: criteria of special conditions and estoppel.
authors.affiliation: Shusaku Yamamoto, 17th Floor, Grand Front Osaka Tower, C 3-1 Ofuka-cho, Kita-ku, Japan.
authors.forename: Takeshi S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Komatani
keywords: Japan; claim; doctrine of equivalents; generic; innovator; literal interpretation; manufacture; patent infringement