title: A novel method for classifying cortical state to identify the accompanying changes in cerebral hemodynamics.
abstract: Many brain imaging techniques interpret the haemodynamic response as an indirect indicator of underlying neural activity. However, a challenge when interpreting this blood based signal is how changes in brain state may affect both baseline and stimulus evoked haemodynamics.
  
  
  
  We developed an Automatic Brain State Classifier (ABSC), validated on data from anaesthetised rodents. It uses vectorised information obtained from the windowed spectral frequency power of the Local Field Potential. Current state is then classified by comparing this vectorised information against that calculated from state specific training datasets.
  
  
  
  The ABSC identified two user defined brain states (synchronised and desynchronised), with high accuracy (∼90%). Baseline haemodynamics were found to be significantly different in the two identified states. During state defined periods of elevated baseline haemodynamics we found significant decreases in evoked haemodynamic responses to somatosensory stimuli.
  
  
  
  State classification - The ABSC (∼90%) demonstrated greater accuracy than clustering (∼66%) or 'power threshold' (∼64%) methods of comparison. Haemodynamic averaging - Our novel approach of selectively averaging stimulus evoked haemodynamic trials by brain state yields higher quality data than creating a single average from all trials.
  
  
  
  The ABSC can account for some of the commonly observed trial-to-trial variability in haemodynamic responses which arises from changes in cortical state. This variability might otherwise be incorrectly attributed to alternative interpretations. A greater understanding of the effects of cortical state on haemodynamic changes could be used to inform techniques such as general linear modelling (GLM), commonly used in fMRI.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, United Kingdom. Electronic address: reslack1@sheffield.ac.uk.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Slack
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, United Kingdom. Electronic address: l.boorman@sheffield.ac.uk.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Boorman
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, United Kingdom. Electronic address: p.patel@sheffield.ac.uk.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, United Kingdom. Electronic address: s.harris@sheffield.ac.uk.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Harris
authors.affiliation: Department of Systems Engineering, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AY, United Kingdom. Electronic address: m.bruyns-haylett@reading.ac.uk.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bruyns-Haylett
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, United Kingdom. Electronic address: a.j.kennerley@sheffield.ac.uk.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kennerley
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, United Kingdom. Electronic address: m.jones@sheffield.ac.uk.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, United Kingdom. Electronic address: j.berwick@sheffield.ac.uk.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Berwick
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000502:physiology*; D008839:Microelectrodes; D000069336:Neurovascular Coupling / Q000502:physiology*; D061848:Optical Imaging / Q000379:methods; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood; D010363:Pattern Recognition, Automated / Q000379:methods*; D051381:Rats; D013003:Somatosensory Cortex / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000502:physiology*; D013057:Spectrum Analysis / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D010100:Oxygen
keywords: Brain state classification; Hemodynamics; Neurovascular coupling