title: Epileptic encephalopathy-causing mutations in DNM1 impair synaptic vesicle endocytosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To elucidate the functional consequences of epileptic encephalopathy-causing de novo mutations in DNM1 (A177P, K206N, G359A), which encodes a large mechanochemical GTPase essential for neuronal synaptic vesicle endocytosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  HeLa and COS-7 cells transfected with wild-type and mutant DNM1 constructs were used for transferrin assays, high-content imaging, colocalization studies, Western blotting, and electron microscopy (EM). EM was also conducted on the brain sections of mice harboring a middle-domain Dnm1 mutation (Dnm1 (Ftfl)).
  
  
  RESULTS
  We demonstrate that the expression of each mutant protein decreased endocytosis activity in a dominant-negative manner. One of the G-domain mutations, K206N, decreased protein levels. The G359A mutation, which occurs in the middle domain, disrupted higher-order DNM1 oligomerization. EM of mutant DNM1-transfected HeLa cells and of the Dnm1 (Ftfl) mouse brain revealed vesicle defects, indicating that the mutations likely interfere with DNM1's vesicle scission activity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Together, these data suggest that the dysfunction of vesicle scission during synaptic vesicle endocytosis can lead to serious early-onset epilepsies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology (S.S.B.), Duke University School of Medicine (R.S.D., S.S.B., X.Y.), Durham, NC; Institute for Genomic Medicine (E.L.H., S.P., B.J.K., D.B.G.), Columbia University, New York, NY; Department of Medicine (S. Petrovski), The University of Melbourne, Austin Health and Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; Centre for Clinical Translation (M.R.J.), Division of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, Charing Cross Hospital Campus, London, United Kingdom; The Jackson Laboratory (W.N.F., R.M.B.), Bar Harbor, ME; and Division of Epilepsy (S. Petrou), The Florey Institute of Neuroscience, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: Ryan S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Dhindsa
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology (S.S.B.), Duke University School of Medicine (R.S.D., S.S.B., X.Y.), Durham, NC; Institute for Genomic Medicine (E.L.H., S.P., B.J.K., D.B.G.), Columbia University, New York, NY; Department of Medicine (S. Petrovski), The University of Melbourne, Austin Health and Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; Centre for Clinical Translation (M.R.J.), Division of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, Charing Cross Hospital Campus, London, United Kingdom; The Jackson Laboratory (W.N.F., R.M.B.), Bar Harbor, ME; and Division of Epilepsy (S. Petrou), The Florey Institute of Neuroscience, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: Shelton S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Bradrick
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology (S.S.B.), Duke University School of Medicine (R.S.D., S.S.B., X.Y.), Durham, NC; Institute for Genomic Medicine (E.L.H., S.P., B.J.K., D.B.G.), Columbia University, New York, NY; Department of Medicine (S. Petrovski), The University of Melbourne, Austin Health and Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; Centre for Clinical Translation (M.R.J.), Division of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, Charing Cross Hospital Campus, London, United Kingdom; The Jackson Laboratory (W.N.F., R.M.B.), Bar Harbor, ME; and Division of Epilepsy (S. Petrou), The Florey Institute of Neuroscience, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: Xiaodi
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology (S.S.B.), Duke University School of Medicine (R.S.D., S.S.B., X.Y.), Durham, NC; Institute for Genomic Medicine (E.L.H., S.P., B.J.K., D.B.G.), Columbia University, New York, NY; Department of Medicine (S. Petrovski), The University of Melbourne, Austin Health and Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; Centre for Clinical Translation (M.R.J.), Division of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, Charing Cross Hospital Campus, London, United Kingdom; The Jackson Laboratory (W.N.F., R.M.B.), Bar Harbor, ME; and Division of Epilepsy (S. Petrou), The Florey Institute of Neuroscience, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: Erin L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Heinzen
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology (S.S.B.), Duke University School of Medicine (R.S.D., S.S.B., X.Y.), Durham, NC; Institute for Genomic Medicine (E.L.H., S.P., B.J.K., D.B.G.), Columbia University, New York, NY; Department of Medicine (S. Petrovski), The University of Melbourne, Austin Health and Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; Centre for Clinical Translation (M.R.J.), Division of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, Charing Cross Hospital Campus, London, United Kingdom; The Jackson Laboratory (W.N.F., R.M.B.), Bar Harbor, ME; and Division of Epilepsy (S. Petrou), The Florey Institute of Neuroscience, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: Slave
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Petrovski
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology (S.S.B.), Duke University School of Medicine (R.S.D., S.S.B., X.Y.), Durham, NC; Institute for Genomic Medicine (E.L.H., S.P., B.J.K., D.B.G.), Columbia University, New York, NY; Department of Medicine (S. Petrovski), The University of Melbourne, Austin Health and Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; Centre for Clinical Translation (M.R.J.), Division of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, Charing Cross Hospital Campus, London, United Kingdom; The Jackson Laboratory (W.N.F., R.M.B.), Bar Harbor, ME; and Division of Epilepsy (S. Petrou), The Florey Institute of Neuroscience, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: Brian J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Krueger
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology (S.S.B.), Duke University School of Medicine (R.S.D., S.S.B., X.Y.), Durham, NC; Institute for Genomic Medicine (E.L.H., S.P., B.J.K., D.B.G.), Columbia University, New York, NY; Department of Medicine (S. Petrovski), The University of Melbourne, Austin Health and Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; Centre for Clinical Translation (M.R.J.), Division of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, Charing Cross Hospital Campus, London, United Kingdom; The Jackson Laboratory (W.N.F., R.M.B.), Bar Harbor, ME; and Division of Epilepsy (S. Petrou), The Florey Institute of Neuroscience, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: Michael R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology (S.S.B.), Duke University School of Medicine (R.S.D., S.S.B., X.Y.), Durham, NC; Institute for Genomic Medicine (E.L.H., S.P., B.J.K., D.B.G.), Columbia University, New York, NY; Department of Medicine (S. Petrovski), The University of Melbourne, Austin Health and Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; Centre for Clinical Translation (M.R.J.), Division of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, Charing Cross Hospital Campus, London, United Kingdom; The Jackson Laboratory (W.N.F., R.M.B.), Bar Harbor, ME; and Division of Epilepsy (S. Petrou), The Florey Institute of Neuroscience, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: Wayne N
authors.initials: WN
authors.lastname: Frankel
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology (S.S.B.), Duke University School of Medicine (R.S.D., S.S.B., X.Y.), Durham, NC; Institute for Genomic Medicine (E.L.H., S.P., B.J.K., D.B.G.), Columbia University, New York, NY; Department of Medicine (S. Petrovski), The University of Melbourne, Austin Health and Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; Centre for Clinical Translation (M.R.J.), Division of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, Charing Cross Hospital Campus, London, United Kingdom; The Jackson Laboratory (W.N.F., R.M.B.), Bar Harbor, ME; and Division of Epilepsy (S. Petrou), The Florey Institute of Neuroscience, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: Steven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Petrou
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology (S.S.B.), Duke University School of Medicine (R.S.D., S.S.B., X.Y.), Durham, NC; Institute for Genomic Medicine (E.L.H., S.P., B.J.K., D.B.G.), Columbia University, New York, NY; Department of Medicine (S. Petrovski), The University of Melbourne, Austin Health and Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; Centre for Clinical Translation (M.R.J.), Division of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, Charing Cross Hospital Campus, London, United Kingdom; The Jackson Laboratory (W.N.F., R.M.B.), Bar Harbor, ME; and Division of Epilepsy (S. Petrou), The Florey Institute of Neuroscience, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: Rebecca M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Boumil
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology (S.S.B.), Duke University School of Medicine (R.S.D., S.S.B., X.Y.), Durham, NC; Institute for Genomic Medicine (E.L.H., S.P., B.J.K., D.B.G.), Columbia University, New York, NY; Department of Medicine (S. Petrovski), The University of Melbourne, Austin Health and Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; Centre for Clinical Translation (M.R.J.), Division of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, Charing Cross Hospital Campus, London, United Kingdom; The Jackson Laboratory (W.N.F., R.M.B.), Bar Harbor, ME; and Division of Epilepsy (S. Petrou), The Florey Institute of Neuroscience, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: David B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Goldstein