title: Analysis of Urinary Prostate-Specific Antigen Glycoforms in Samples of Prostate Cancer and Benign Prostate Hyperplasia.
abstract: Glycans of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in prostate cancer were found to be different from that in benign disease. It is difficult to analyze heterogeneous PSA glycoforms in each individual specimen because of low protein abundance and the limitation of detection sensitivity. We developed a method for prostate cancer diagnosis based on PSA glycoforms. Specific glycoforms were screened in each clinical sample based on liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry with ion accumulation. To look for potential biomarkers, normalized abundance of each glycoform in benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) and in prostate cancer was evaluated. The PSA glycoform, Hex5HexNAc4NeuAc1dHex1, and monosialylated, sialylated, and unfucosylated glycoforms differed significantly between the prostate cancer and BPH samples. The detection sensitivity (87.5%) and specificity (60%) for prostate cancer identification are higher than those of the serum PSA marker. As low as 100 amol PSA could be detected with the ion accumulation method which has not been reported before. The improved detection specificity can help reduce unnecessary examinations.
authors.affiliation: Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan; Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chun-Jen
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Hsiao
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, National Chen Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Chen Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Tzong-Shin
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Tzai
authors.affiliation: Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chein-Hung
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, National Chen Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Chen Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Wen-Horng
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan; Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan; Chemistry Department, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan; Institute of Atomic & Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 106, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chung-Hsuan
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D006020:Glycopeptides / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D006031:Glycosylation; D006801:Humans; D007477:Ions / Q000378:metabolism; D007610:Kallikreins / Q000097:blood / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000652:urine*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000652:urine*; D011470:Prostatic Hyperplasia / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000378:metabolism*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000378:metabolism*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry
chemical_list: D006020:Glycopeptides; D007477:Ions; C549870:KLK3 protein, human; D007610:Kallikreins; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen