title: Zooming in on Transcription Preinitiation.
abstract: Class II gene transcription commences with the assembly of the Preinitiation Complex (PIC) from a plethora of proteins and protein assemblies in the nucleus, including the General Transcription Factors (GTFs), RNA polymerase II (RNA pol II), co-activators, co-repressors, and more. TFIID, a megadalton-sized multiprotein complex comprising 20 subunits, is among the first GTFs to bind the core promoter. TFIID assists in nucleating PIC formation, completed by binding of further factors in a highly regulated stepwise fashion. Recent results indicate that TFIID itself is built from distinct preformed submodules, which reside in the nucleus but also in the cytosol of cells. Here, we highlight recent insights in transcription factor assembly and the regulation of transcription preinitiation.
authors.affiliation: European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Grenoble Outstation, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38042, Grenoble Cedex 9, France; Unit of Virus Host-Cell Interactions, University of Grenoble Alpes-EMBL-CNRS, UMI 3265, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38042, Grenoble, Cedex 9, France.
authors.forename: Kapil
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.affiliation: European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Grenoble Outstation, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38042, Grenoble Cedex 9, France; Unit of Virus Host-Cell Interactions, University of Grenoble Alpes-EMBL-CNRS, UMI 3265, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38042, Grenoble, Cedex 9, France.
authors.forename: Duygu
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sari-Ak
authors.affiliation: Center for Proteomic Chemistry, Structural Biophysics, Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research NIBR, Fabrikstrasse 2, 4056 Basel, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Haffke
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biochemistry, Biocenter, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt/Main Germany.
authors.forename: Simon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Trowitzsch
authors.affiliation: European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Grenoble Outstation, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38042, Grenoble Cedex 9, France; Unit of Virus Host-Cell Interactions, University of Grenoble Alpes-EMBL-CNRS, UMI 3265, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38042, Grenoble, Cedex 9, France; The School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK. Electronic address: imre.berger@bristol.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Imre
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Berger
mesh_terms: D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D056970:Co-Repressor Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000235:genetics; D012319:RNA Polymerase II / Q000378:metabolism; D035362:Transcription Factor TFIID / Q000378:metabolism; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D056970:Co-Repressor Proteins; D035362:Transcription Factor TFIID; D014157:Transcription Factors; D012319:RNA Polymerase II
keywords: RNA polymerase II; general transcription factor TFIID; multiprotein complex; preinitiation complex; transcription initiation