title: Evidences of antihypertensive potential of extract from Solanum capsicoides All. in spontaneously hypertensive rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Solanum capsicoides All. is morphologically similar to Solanum sisymbriifolium Lam. which is used in folk medicine in South America for antihypertensive and diuretics purposes. This similarity has led to species identification errors, which therefore may result in errors by patients.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the antihypertensive and diuretics potential of the methanol extract from Solanum capsicoides All. (MeOH-Sc), in vitro and in vivo, in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR).
  
  
  METHODS
  Initial experiments were performed in rat mesenteric artery to evaluate the in vitro vascular effect of MeOH-Sc and its fractions, in addition to the mechanisms involved during the observed effect. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) were recorded in non-anesthetised hypertensive and normotensive rats. In another set of experiments, MeOH-Sc was administered for 21 consecutive days. Daily body weight measurements were conducted and MAP, HR and urinary volume were measured every 5 days. The mesenteric artery from treated animals was tested for phenylephrine and sodium nitroprussiate (SNP) sensitivity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Initially, MeOH-Sc and fractions relaxed phenylephrine-induced contractions in mesenteric artery rings. The vasorelaxant effect was not changed in the presence of a blocker of eNOS (L-NAME) in rings with an intact endothelium. In denuded-endothelium rings, the vasorelaxant response was significantly reduced in the presence of a cAMP inhibitor (SQ 22536 10 µM) in SHR but not in Wistar Kyoto rats (WKY). However, in the presence of a cGMP inhibitor (ODQ 10 µM), a curve shift to the right was observed in WKY animals, but not in SHR. Intravenous bolus injections of MeOH-Sc into non-anesthetised SHR and WKY, induced hypotension that was associated with an increase in HR. A significant antihypertensive effect was observed in animals that received MeOH-Sc orally for 21 days, which also prevented the development of cardiac hypertrophy. Urine volume from animals treated with MeOH-Sc significantly increased. Finally, MeOH-Sc induced beneficial changes in vascular responsiveness.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MeOH-Sc has a potential antihypertensive effect in SHR.
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Fisiologia e Farmacologia Endócrina e Cardiovascular, Departamento de Biorregulação, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Avenida Reitor Miguel Calmon, Vale do Canela, BA 40110-902 Salvador, Brazil.
authors.forename: L O
authors.initials: LO
authors.lastname: Simões
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Fisiologia e Farmacologia Endócrina e Cardiovascular, Departamento de Biorregulação, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Avenida Reitor Miguel Calmon, Vale do Canela, BA 40110-902 Salvador, Brazil.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Conceição-Filho
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Fisiologia e Farmacologia Endócrina e Cardiovascular, Departamento de Biorregulação, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Avenida Reitor Miguel Calmon, Vale do Canela, BA 40110-902 Salvador, Brazil.
authors.forename: T S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Ribeiro
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Fisiologia e Farmacologia Endócrina e Cardiovascular, Departamento de Biorregulação, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Avenida Reitor Miguel Calmon, Vale do Canela, BA 40110-902 Salvador, Brazil.
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Jesus
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Neurociências, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Avenida Reitor Miguel Calmon,Vale do Canela, BA 40110-902, Salvador, Brazil.
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Fregoneze
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Neurociências, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Avenida Reitor Miguel Calmon,Vale do Canela, BA 40110-902, Salvador, Brazil.
authors.forename: A Q G
authors.initials: AQ
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas e Núcleo de Investigações Químico-Farmacêuticas (NIQFAR)-Curso de Farmácia, CCS/UNIVALI, Rua Uruguai, 450, Centro, SC 88302-901, Itajaí, (Brazil.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Petreanu
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas e Núcleo de Investigações Químico-Farmacêuticas (NIQFAR)-Curso de Farmácia, CCS/UNIVALI, Rua Uruguai, 450, Centro, SC 88302-901, Itajaí, (Brazil.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Cechinel-Filho
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Estudos sobre Algas Nocivas (LEAN), Centro de Ciências Tecnológicas da Terra e do Mar - CTTMar, Rua Uruguai, 450, Centro, SC 88302-901, Itajai, Brazil.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Niero
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Estudos sobre Algas Nocivas (LEAN), Centro de Ciências Tecnológicas da Terra e do Mar - CTTMar, Rua Uruguai, 450, Centro, SC 88302-901, Itajai, Brazil.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Niero
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Estudos sobre Algas Nocivas (LEAN), Centro de Ciências Tecnológicas da Terra e do Mar - CTTMar, Rua Uruguai, 450, Centro, SC 88302-901, Itajai, Brazil.
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Tamanaha
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Fisiologia e Farmacologia Endócrina e Cardiovascular, Departamento de Biorregulação, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Avenida Reitor Miguel Calmon, Vale do Canela, BA 40110-902 Salvador, Brazil.. Electronic address: darizy@gmail.com.
authors.forename: D F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Silva
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D006973:Hypertension / Q000188:drug therapy; D008638:Mesenteric Arteries / Q000187:drug effects; D015394:Molecular Structure; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester / Q000494:pharmacology; D010636:Phenols / Q000494:pharmacology; D035261:Plant Components, Aerial / Q000737:chemistry; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D011918:Rats, Inbred SHR; D011921:Rats, Inbred WKY; D032322:Solanum / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D010636:Phenols; D010936:Plant Extracts; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester
keywords: Antihypertensive effect; Hypertension; Mesenteric artery; Solanum capsicoides All