title: Coagulation disorders and their cutaneous presentations: Diagnostic work-up and treatment.
abstract: Both inherited and acquired hypercoagulable states can present with nonspecific clinical manifestations, such as petechiae, purpura, livedo reticularis, and ulcerations. A good history and physical examination are crucial to diagnoses of these conditions. Inherited conditions tend to present either in neonatal period or later in life, while acquired conditions typically occur later in life. Diagnostic studies are performed to identify the coagulation cascade deficiency or defect. Treatment primarily hinges on anticoagulation and wound care. In this article, we provide an in-depth analysis of the clinical manifestations, diagnostic considerations, and management options of patients in hypercoagulable states.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology and Skin Surgery, Roger Williams Medical Center/Boston University School of Medicine, Providence, Rhode Island.
authors.forename: Ganary
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Dabiri
authors.affiliation: Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Damstetter
authors.affiliation: Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Yunyoung
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Group, Providence, Rhode Island.
authors.forename: Emily
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Baiyee Ebot
authors.affiliation: Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee.
authors.forename: Jennifer Gloeckner
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Powers
authors.affiliation: Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts. Electronic address: tphill@bu.edu.
authors.forename: Tania
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Phillips
mesh_terms: D001707:Biopsy, Needle; D001778:Blood Coagulation Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy*; D001780:Blood Coagulation Tests; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D004502:Education, Medical, Continuing; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D010808:Physical Examination; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D017445:Skin Diseases, Vascular / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy*
keywords: factor V Leiden mutation; hypercoagulable state; hyperhomocysteinemia; livedoid vasculopathy; protein C deficiency; protein S deficiency; thrombophilia; thrombosis; ulcers; warfarin necrosis