title: Contemporary extracorporeal membrane oxygenation therapy in adults: Fundamental principles and systematic review of the evidence.
abstract: Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) provides days to weeks of support for patients with respiratory, cardiac, or combined cardiopulmonary failure. Since ECMO was first reported in 1974, nearly 70,000 runs of ECMO have been implemented, and the use of ECMO in adults increased by more than 400% from 2006 to 2011 in the United States. A variety of factors, including the 2009 influenza A epidemic, results from recent clinical trials, and improvements in ECMO technology, have motivated this increased use in adults. Because ECMO is increasingly becoming available to a diverse population of critically ill patients, we provide an overview of its fundamental principles and a systematic review of the evidence basis of this treatment modality for a variety of indications in adults.
authors.affiliation: Baylor Research Institute, Baylor Scott & White Health, Dallas, Tex.
authors.forename: John J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Squiers
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiac and Thoracic Surgery, Baylor University Medical Center, Baylor Healthcare System, Dallas, Tex.
authors.forename: Brian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lima
authors.affiliation: Baylor Research Institute, Baylor Scott & White Health, Dallas, Tex; Department of Cardiac and Thoracic Surgery, Baylor University Medical Center, Baylor Healthcare System, Dallas, Tex. Electronic address: jmdimaio@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: J Michael
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: DiMaio
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015199:Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000592:standards; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D012128:Respiratory Distress Syndrome / Q000628:therapy
keywords: adult respiratory distress syndrome; cardiogenic shock; extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation; extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; systematic review