title: Are progranulin levels associated with polycystic ovary syndrome and its possible metabolic effects in adolescents and young women?
abstract: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is an important disease that may alter metabolic balances of the whole body. Progranulin is a growth factor which is related to epithelial, neuronal growth and oogenesis. Here, we aimed to investigate the diagnostic value of the levels of Progranulin in the clinical setting of PCOS, and its metabolic effects.
  
  
  
  Forty-one adolescents and young women with PCOS and 39 age and body mass index matched adolescents and young women as a control group who attended to the youth center of a tertiary referral center were included in this cross-sectional case-control study. Progranulin levels, indices of insulin sensitivity, lipidemic markers, metabolic syndrome (MetS) criteria were compared between the groups.
  
  
  
  Progranulin levels in patients with PCOS (7.48 ± 1.93 ng/mL) were significantly higher than in the control group (6.25 ± 1.98 ng/mL) (p = 0.006). Luteinizing hormone (LH) levels, LH/Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) ratios, free testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS), C-reactive protein (CRP) levels in patients with PCOS were significantly higher than in the control group (p < 0.05, for all). The MetS was present in 8 (19.5 %) of the patients in the study group and in 1 (2.3 %) of the patients in the control group (p = 0.029). There was significant inverse correlation between high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and progranulin levels of patients diagnosed with PCOS (p = 0.008).
  
  
  
  Progranulin may be a novel biomarker for cardiovascular risk in patients with PCOS, thus these cases should be directed to close follow-up for possible cardiovascular diseases. Future larger studies should focus on this entity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zekai Tahir Burak Women's Healthcare Training and Research Hospital, Talatpasa Bulvari, Hamamonu, Ankara, 06230, Turkey. draliersoy@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Ali Ozgur
authors.initials: AO
authors.lastname: Ersoy
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zekai Tahir Burak Women's Healthcare Training and Research Hospital, Talatpasa Bulvari, Hamamonu, Ankara, 06230, Turkey.
authors.forename: Aytekin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tokmak
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zekai Tahir Burak Women's Healthcare Training and Research Hospital, Talatpasa Bulvari, Hamamonu, Ankara, 06230, Turkey.
authors.forename: Sibel
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ozler
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zekai Tahir Burak Women's Healthcare Training and Research Hospital, Talatpasa Bulvari, Hamamonu, Ankara, 06230, Turkey.
authors.forename: Efser
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Oztas
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zekai Tahir Burak Women's Healthcare Training and Research Hospital, Talatpasa Bulvari, Hamamonu, Ankara, 06230, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ebru
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ersoy
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Turgut Ozal University, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Huseyin Tugrul
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Celik
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Turgut Ozal University, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Husamettin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Erdamar
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zekai Tahir Burak Women's Healthcare Training and Research Hospital, Talatpasa Bulvari, Hamamonu, Ankara, 06230, Turkey.
authors.forename: Nafiye
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yilmaz
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D019314:Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000502:physiology; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000097:blood*; D008075:Lipoproteins, HDL; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications* / Q000378:metabolism; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications; D011085:Polycystic Ovary Syndrome / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications / Q000209:etiology; D000077153:Progranulins; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D013739:Testosterone / Q000097:blood; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; C492314:GRN protein, human; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D008075:Lipoproteins, HDL; D000077153:Progranulins; D013739:Testosterone; D019314:Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone; D002097:C-Reactive Protein
keywords: Cardiovascular diseases; Growth factor; Marker; Polycystic ovary syndrome; Progranulin