title: Lithium Treatment Prevents Apoptosis in Neonatal Rat Hippocampus Resulting from Sevoflurane Exposure.
abstract: We aimed to observe the therapeutic effects of lithium on inhalational anesthetic sevoflurane-induced apoptosis in immature brain hippocampus. From postnatal day 5 (P5) to P28, male Sprague-Dawley pups were intraperitoneally injected with lithium chloride or 0.9 % sodium chloride. On P7 after the injection, pups were exposed to 2.3 % sevoflurane or air for 6 h. Brain tissues were harvested 12 h and 3 weeks after exposure. Cleaved caspase-3, nNOS protein, GSK-3β,p-GSK-3β were assessed by Western blot, and histopathological changes were assessed using Nissl stain and TUNEL stain. From P28, we used the eight-arm radial maze test and step-through test to evaluate the influence of sevoflurane exposure on the learning and memory of juvenile rats. The results showed that neonatal sevoflurane exposure induced caspase-3 activation and histopathological changes in hippocampus can be attenuated by lithium chloride. Sevoflurane increased GSK-3β activity while pretreatment of lithium decreased GSK-3β activity. Moreover, sevoflurane showed possibly slight but temporal influence on the spatial learning and the memory of juvenile rats, and chronic use of lithium chloride might have the therapeutic effect. Our current study suggests that lithium attenuates sevoflurane induced neonatal hippocampual damage by GSK-3β pathway and might improve learning and memory deficits in rats after neonatal exposure.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 2nd Zhongshan Road, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xue
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 107 Yanjiang West Road, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Wen-
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: da Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 2nd Zhongshan Road, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Bao-Long
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 2nd Zhongshan Road, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Li-Jun
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Niu
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 2nd Zhongshan Road, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xiao-Yu
authors.initials: XY
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 2nd Zhongshan Road, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Zhi-Bin
authors.initials: ZB
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fujian Provincial Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xiao-Hui
authors.initials: XH
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 2nd Zhongshan Road, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, People's Republic of China. fengxiar@sina.com.
authors.forename: Xia
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Feng
mesh_terms: D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D001362:Avoidance Learning / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000473:pathology; D008094:Lithium / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D008738:Methyl Ethers / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D000077149:Sevoflurane; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation; D008738:Methyl Ethers; D000077149:Sevoflurane; D008094:Lithium
keywords: Anesthetic; Apoptosis; Hippocampus; Lithium; Sevoflurane