title: Enantioselective Effects of Chiral Pesticides on their Primary Targets and Secondary Targets.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Enantioselectivity has been well recognized in the environmental fate and effects of chiral pesticides. Enantiospecific action of the optical enantiomers on the biological molecules establishes the mechanistic basis for the enantioselective toxicity of chiral pesticides to both target and non-target organisms.
  
  
  METHODS
  We undertook a structured search of bibliographic databases for research literature concerning the enantioselective effects of chiral pesticides, including insecticides, herbicides and fungicides, on biomolecules in various species by using some key words. The results of the relevant literatures were reviewed in the text and summarized in tables.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Pesticides generally exert their activity on the target organisms via disrupting the primary target biomolecules. In non-target species, effects of pesticides on the secondary targets distinguished from the primary ones make great contribution to their toxicity. Recent investigations have provided convincing evidence of enantioselective toxicity of chiral pesticides to both target and non-target species which is recognized to result from their enantiospecific action on the primary or secondary targets in organisms.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This review confirms that chiral pesticides have enantiospecific effects on both primary and secondary target biomolecules in organisms. Future studies regarding toxicological effects of chiral pesticides should focus on the relationship between the enantiomeric difference in the compound-biomolecules interaction and the enantioselectivity in their toxicity.
authors.forename: Ye
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Jianyun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Research Center for Air Pollution and Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
authors.forename: Yijun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yao
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002384:Catalysis; D054750:Ecotoxicology; D055772:Green Chemistry Technology; D006801:Humans; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010575:Pesticides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000633:toxicity*; D018521:Plant Physiological Phenomena; D011485:Protein Binding; D011506:Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D013237:Stereoisomerism
chemical_list: D010575:Pesticides; D011506:Proteins