title: Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Status and Longitudinal Changes in Weight and Waist Circumference: Influence of Genetic Predisposition to Adiposity.
abstract: Studies of the relationship between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) and changes in measures of adiposity have shown inconsistent results, and interaction with genetic predisposition to obesity has rarely been examined. We examined whether 25(OH)D was associated with subsequent annual changes in body weight (ΔBW) or waist circumference (ΔWC), and whether the associations were modified by genetic predisposition to a high BMI, WC or waist-hip ratio adjusted for BMI (WHRBMI). The study was based on 10,898 individuals from the Danish Inter99, the 1958 British Birth Cohort and the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966. We combined 42 adiposity-associated Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) into four scores indicating genetic predisposition to BMI, WC and WHRBMI, or all three traits combined. Linear regression was used to examine the association between serum 25(OH)D and ΔBW or ΔWC, SNP-score × 25(OH)D interactions were examined, and results from the individual cohorts were meta-analyzed. In the meta-analyses, we found no evidence of an association between 25(OH)D and ΔBW (-9.4 gram/y per 10 nmol/L higher 25(OH)D [95% CI: -23.0, +4.3; P = 0.18]) or ΔWC (-0.06 mm/y per 10 nmol/L higher 25(OH)D [95% CI: -0.17, +0.06; P = 0.33]). Furthermore, we found no statistically significant interactions between the four SNP-scores and 25(OH)D in relation to ΔBW or ΔWC. Thus, in view of the narrow CIs, our results suggest that an association between 25(OH)D and changes in measures of adiposity is absent or marginal. Similarly, the study provided evidence that there is either no or very limited dependence on genetic predisposition to adiposity.
authors.affiliation: Research unit for Dietary Studies, the Parker Institute, Frederiksberg and Bispebjerg Hospitals, The Capital Region, Frederiksberg, Denmark.|Institute of Preventive Medicine, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospitals, the Capital Region, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Sofus C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Larsen
authors.affiliation: Institute of Preventive Medicine, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospitals, the Capital Region, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Lars
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ängquist
authors.affiliation: Centre for Population Health Research, School of Health Sciences and Sansom Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia.
authors.forename: Max
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Moldovan
authors.affiliation: Center for Life-Course Health Research, Faculty of Medicine, P.O.Box 5000, FI-90014 University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
authors.forename: Ville
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Huikari
authors.affiliation: Center for Life-Course Health Research, Faculty of Medicine, P.O.Box 5000, FI-90014 University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
authors.forename: Sylvain
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sebert
authors.affiliation: Centre for Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom.|Population, Policy and Practice, UCL Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Alana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cavadino
authors.affiliation: The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.|Steno Diabetes Center, Gentofte, Denmark.
authors.forename: Tarunveer Singh
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Ahluwalia
authors.affiliation: Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Tea
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Skaaby
authors.affiliation: Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark.|Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark.|Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Allan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Linneberg
authors.affiliation: Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Lise Lotte N
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Husemoen
authors.affiliation: Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Ulla
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Toft
authors.affiliation: The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Oluf
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Pedersen
authors.affiliation: The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Torben
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hansen
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biomedicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.|Medical Research Center Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland.|Biocenter Oulu, P.O.Box 5000, Aapistie 5A, FI-90014 University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.|Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland.
authors.forename: Karl-Heinz
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Herzig
authors.affiliation: Center for Life-Course Health Research, Faculty of Medicine, P.O.Box 5000, FI-90014 University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.|Biocenter Oulu, P.O.Box 5000, Aapistie 5A, FI-90014 University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.|Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.|Unit of Primary Care, Oulu University Hospital, Kajaanintie 50, P.O.Box 20, FI-90220 Oulu, 90029 OYS, Finland.
authors.forename: Marjo-Riitta
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Jarvelin
authors.affiliation: Population, Policy and Practice, UCL Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Chris
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Power
authors.affiliation: Centre for Population Health Research, School of Health Sciences and Sansom Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia.|Population, Policy and Practice, UCL Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom.|South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia.
authors.forename: Elina
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hyppönen
authors.affiliation: Research unit for Dietary Studies, the Parker Institute, Frederiksberg and Bispebjerg Hospitals, The Capital Region, Frederiksberg, Denmark.|Institute of Preventive Medicine, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospitals, the Capital Region, Copenhagen, Denmark.|The National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark.|The Boden Institute of Obesity, Nutrition, Exercise & Eating Disorders, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
authors.forename: Berit L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Heitmann
authors.affiliation: Institute of Preventive Medicine, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospitals, the Capital Region, Copenhagen, Denmark.|The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.|MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Thorkild I A
authors.initials: TI
authors.lastname: Sørensen
mesh_terms: D050154:Adiposity / Q000235:genetics*; D000368:Aged; D015992:Body Mass Index; D001835:Body Weight / Q000502:physiology*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003718:Denmark; D005260:Female; D005387:Finland; D056726:Genetic Association Studies / Q000379:methods; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015201:Meta-Analysis as Topic; D008875:Middle Aged; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D013997:Time Factors; D006113:United Kingdom; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000097:blood; D055105:Waist Circumference / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D014807:Vitamin D; C104450:25-hydroxyvitamin D