title: Antihyperlipidemic and Antioxidant Activities of Edible Tunisian Ficus carica L. Fruits in High Fat Diet-Induced Hyperlipidemic Rats.
abstract: The phenolic constituents of the aqueous-ethanolic extract of Tunisian Ficus carica (F. carica) fruit (FE) and its antihyperlipidemic and antioxidant activities in high-fat diet-induced hyperlipidemic rats (HFD) were evaluated. The obtained results demonstrated that the FE improved the lipid profile by decreasing the total cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and increasing high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. It also reduced the content of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances and increased the antioxidant enzymes in liver, heart and kidney in HFD-fed rats. These antihyperlipidemic effects and in vivo antioxidative effects correlated with the in vitro phenolic content scavenging ability. Thus, the major phenolic compounds were identified using reversed-phase ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-UHPLC) coupled with two detection systems: diode-array detection (DAD) and quadrupole time-of-flight (QTOF) mass spectrometry (MS). Therefore, in the negative ionization mode, 28 phenolic compounds, including hydroxybenzoic acids, hydroxycinnamic acids, flavanoids and hydroxycoumarins were characterized. Dihydroxybenzoic acid di-pentoside, the flavonol quercetin 3-O-rutinoside and the flavone assigned as apigenin 8-C-glucoside were the main representative compounds in 'Tounsi' fruits. This work was complemented by the detection of seven other phenolic compounds in the positive ionization mode, including anthocyanins and furanocoumarins. Overall, these results have shown that the FE has a significant hypocholesterolemic effect and antioxidant activity in HFD-fed rats. This beneficial effect may be partly due to these phenolic constituents, especially vitexin, dihydroxybenzoic acid di-pentoside as well as rutin.
authors.affiliation: Unité de recherche DGRST 12-ES/17, Laboratoire de Biochimie, Faculté de Médecine de Sfax, Sfax, Tunisie. olfahadriche@yahoo.com.|Laboratoire d'Ecophysiologie Animale Faculté des Sciences de Sfax, Sfax, Tunisie. olfahadriche@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Olfa
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Belguith-Hadriche
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire d'Electrochimie et Environnement, Ecole national d'ingénieur de Sfax, Université de Sfax, BP 1177, Sfax, Tunisie.|Research and Development Functional Food Centre (CIDAF), Bioregión Building, Health Science Technological Park, Avenida del Conocimiento s/n, 18016, Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: Sonda
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ammar
authors.affiliation: Research and Development Functional Food Centre (CIDAF), Bioregión Building, Health Science Technological Park, Avenida del Conocimiento s/n, 18016, Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: Maria Del Mar
authors.initials: Mdel M
authors.lastname: Contreras
authors.affiliation: Unité de recherche DGRST 12-ES/17, Laboratoire de Biochimie, Faculté de Médecine de Sfax, Sfax, Tunisie.
authors.forename: Mouna
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Turki
authors.affiliation: Research and Development Functional Food Centre (CIDAF), Bioregión Building, Health Science Technological Park, Avenida del Conocimiento s/n, 18016, Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Segura-Carretero
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire d'Ecophysiologie Animale Faculté des Sciences de Sfax, Sfax, Tunisie.
authors.forename: Abdelfattah
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: El Feki
authors.affiliation: Unité de recherche DGRST 12-ES/17, Laboratoire de Biochimie, Faculté de Médecine de Sfax, Sfax, Tunisie.
authors.forename: Fatma
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Makni-Ayedi
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire d'Electrochimie et Environnement, Ecole national d'ingénieur de Sfax, Université de Sfax, BP 1177, Sfax, Tunisie. mohamed.bouaziz@fsg.rnu.tn.
authors.forename: Mohamed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bouaziz
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000924:Anticholesteremic Agents / Q000032:analysis*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000032:analysis*; D056148:Chromatography, Reverse-Phase; D059305:Diet, High-Fat / Q000009:adverse effects; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D030681:Ficus / Q000737:chemistry*; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D006949:Hyperlipidemias / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000517:prevention & control*; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation; D008297:Male; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D010636:Phenols / Q000032:analysis*; D051381:Rats
chemical_list: D000924:Anticholesteremic Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D010636:Phenols
keywords: Antioxidant enzymes; Ficus carica; Hypercholesterolemia; Mass spectrometry; Phenolic compounds