title: Shifted magnetic alignment in vertebrates: Evidence for neural lateralization?
abstract: A wealth of evidence provides support for magnetic alignment (MA) behavior in a variety of disparate species within the animal kingdom, in which an animal, or a group of animals, show a tendency to align the body axis in a consistent orientation relative to the geomagnetic field lines. Interestingly, among vertebrates, MA typically coincides with the north-south magnetic axis, however, the mean directional preferences of an individual or group of organisms is often rotated clockwise from the north-south axis. We hypothesize that this shift is not a coincidence, and future studies of this subtle, yet consistent phenomenon may help to reveal some properties of the underlying sensory or processing mechanisms, that, to date, are not well understood. Furthermore, characterizing the fine structure exhibited in MA behaviors may provide key insights to the biophysical substrates mediating magnetoreception in vertebrates. Therefore, in order to determine if a consistent shift is exhibited in taxonomically diverse vertebrates, we performed a meta-analysis on published MA datasets from 23 vertebrate species that exhibited an axial north-south preference. This analysis revealed a significant clockwise shift from the north-south magnetic axis. We summarize and discuss possible competing hypotheses regarding the proximate mechanisms underlying the clockwise shifted MA and conclude that the most likely cause of such a shift would be a lateralization in central processing of magnetic information.
authors.affiliation: Department of General Zoology, Faculty of Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstrasse. 2, 45117 Essen, Germany; Department of Game Management and Wildlife Biology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 21 Prague 6, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: E Pascal
authors.initials: EP
authors.lastname: Malkemper
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America.
authors.forename: Michael S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Painter
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America; Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP), Vienna Biocenter (VBC), 1030 Vienna, Austria. Electronic address: lukas.landler@imp.ac.at.
authors.forename: Lukas
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Landler
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D007839:Functional Laterality / Q000502:physiology*; D060328:Magnetic Phenomena; D009949:Orientation; D013045:Species Specificity; D014714:Vertebrates / Q000502:physiology*
keywords: Central sensory processing; Cortical hemispheres; Geomagnetic field; Lateralization; Magnetic alignment; Magnetoreception; Spatial orientation