title: The 2016 revision to the World Health Organization classification of myeloid neoplasms and acute leukemia.
abstract: The World Health Organization (WHO) classification of tumors of the hematopoietic and lymphoid tissues was last updated in 2008. Since then, there have been numerous advances in the identification of unique biomarkers associated with some myeloid neoplasms and acute leukemias, largely derived from gene expression analysis and next-generation sequencing that can significantly improve the diagnostic criteria as well as the prognostic relevance of entities currently included in the WHO classification and that also suggest new entities that should be added. Therefore, there is a clear need for a revision to the current classification. The revisions to the categories of myeloid neoplasms and acute leukemia will be published in a monograph in 2016 and reflect a consensus of opinion of hematopathologists, hematologists, oncologists, and geneticists. The 2016 edition represents a revision of the prior classification rather than an entirely new classification and attempts to incorporate new clinical, prognostic, morphologic, immunophenotypic, and genetic data that have emerged since the last edition. The major changes in the classification and their rationale are presented here.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA;
authors.forename: Daniel A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Arber
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY;
authors.forename: Attilio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Orazi
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA;
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hasserjian
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pathology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany;
authors.forename: Jürgen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Thiele
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, John Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD;
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Borowitz
authors.affiliation: Section of Hematology/Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL;
authors.forename: Michelle M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Le Beau
authors.affiliation: Comprehensive Cancer Center, James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH;
authors.forename: Clara D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Bloomfield
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, and Department of Hematology Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy; and.
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cazzola
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL.
authors.forename: James W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Vardiman
mesh_terms: D019070:Cell Lineage; D004314:Down Syndrome / Q000150:complications; D004802:Eosinophilia / Q000150:complications; D052138:Genes, Neoplasm; D006801:Humans; D007951:Leukemia, Myeloid / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D008415:Mastocytosis / Q000150:complications; D009190:Myelodysplastic Syndromes / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D022423:Myeloid Cells / Q000473:pathology; D009196:Myeloproliferative Disorders / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D015514:Oncogene Proteins, Fusion / Q000235:genetics; D054218:Precursor T-Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma / Q000145:classification / Q000473:pathology; D014944:World Health Organization
chemical_list: D015514:Oncogene Proteins, Fusion