title: An Operational Framework for Insecticide Resistance Management Planning.
abstract: Arthropod vectors transmit organisms that cause many emerging and reemerging diseases, and their control is reliant mainly on the use of chemical insecticides. Only a few classes of insecticides are available for public health use, and the increased spread of insecticide resistance is a major threat to sustainable disease control. The primary strategy for mitigating the detrimental effects of insecticide resistance is the development of an insecticide resistance management plan. However, few examples exist to show how to implement such plans programmatically. We describe the formulation and implementation of a resistance management plan for mosquito vectors of human disease in Zambia. We also discuss challenges, steps taken to address the challenges, and directions for the future.
authors.forename: Emmanuel
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Chanda
authors.forename: Edward K
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Thomsen
authors.forename: Mulenga
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Musapa
authors.forename: Mulakwa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kamuliwo
authors.forename: William G
authors.initials: WG
authors.lastname: Brogdon
authors.forename: Douglas E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Norris
authors.forename: Freddie
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Masaninga
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wirtz
authors.forename: Chadwick H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Sikaala
authors.forename: Mbanga
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Muleba
authors.forename: Allen
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Craig
authors.forename: John M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Govere
authors.forename: Hilary
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ranson
authors.forename: Janet
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hemingway
authors.forename: Aklilu
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Seyoum
authors.forename: Michael B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Macdonald
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Coleman
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016208:Databases, Factual; D006284:Health Plan Implementation / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence / Q000379:methods / Q000458:organization & administration; D006285:Health Planning / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence / Q000458:organization & administration; D006801:Humans; D007300:Insect Control; D007303:Insect Vectors; D007305:Insecticide Resistance; D008288:Malaria / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000635:transmission; D062486:Public Health Surveillance; D015024:Zambia
keywords: Zambia; arthropod vectors; insect vectors; insecticide resistance; insecticides; lymphatic filariasis; malaria; mosquitoes; parasites; pest control; policy making; vector-borne infections