title: Papillary urothelial carcinoma with squamous differentiation in association with human papilloma virus: case report and literature review.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The human papilloma virus (HPV) is a carcinogen known for its strong association with cervical cancers and cervical lesions. It is also known to be associated with a variety of squamous cell carcinomas in other areas, such as the penis, vulva, anus and head and neck. However, the association with urothelial carcinoma remains controversial. Here, we report a case of urothelial carcinoma with squamous differentiation associated with HPV-6/HPV-11.
  
  
  METHODS
  This is a case of a 70 year old man who presented with nocturia and pressure during urination. During the TURP procedure for what was clinically thought to be benign prostate hyperplasia with pathologic diagnosis as prostate carcinoma, a 2 cm papillary mass was found in the distal penile urethra. The papillary mass was found to be a high grade urothelial carcinoma positive for GATA 3 expression, with focal areas of squamous differentiation. The areas with squamous differentiation demonstrated koilocytic differentiation, which were positive for strong p16 expression. The tumor was found to harbor low risk HPV 6/11 by in situ hybridization.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study case demonstrates HPV infection with a low risk subtype (HPV 6/11) associated with an urothelial carcinoma with squamous differentiation and condylomatous features.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, York University School of Medicine New York, NY 10010, USA.
authors.forename: Sergei
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Guma
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, State University of New York Brooklyn, NY 10010, USA.
authors.forename: Remegio
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Maglantay
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, York University School of Medicine New York, NY 10010, USA.
authors.forename: Ryan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lau
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, State University of New YorkBrooklyn, NY 10010, USA; Department of Veterans Affairs New York Harbor Healthcare SystemNew York, NY 10010, USA.
authors.forename: Rosemary
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wieczorek
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, York University School of Medicine New York, NY 10010, USA.
authors.forename: Jonathan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Melamed
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, York University School of Medicine New York, NY 10010, USA.
authors.forename: Fang-Ming
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Deng
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, York University School of Medicine New York, NY 10010, USA.
authors.forename: Ming
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, New York University School of Medicine New York, NY 10010, USA.
authors.forename: Danil
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Makarov
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, York University School of MedicineNew York, NY 10010, USA; Department of Veterans Affairs New York Harbor Healthcare SystemNew York, NY 10010, USA; Department of Urology, New York University School of MedicineNew York, NY 10010, USA.
authors.forename: Peng
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, State University of New YorkBrooklyn, NY 10010, USA; Department of Veterans Affairs New York Harbor Healthcare SystemNew York, NY 10010, USA.
authors.forename: Matthew R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Pincus
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, York University School of MedicineNew York, NY 10010, USA; Department of Veterans Affairs New York Harbor Healthcare SystemNew York, NY 10010, USA.
authors.forename: Zhi-Heng
authors.initials: ZH
authors.lastname: Pei
keywords: Bladder cancer; condyloma; human papilloma virus; urothelial carcinoma