title: Cultural Practices Shaping Zoonotic Diseases Surveillance: The Case of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza and Thailand Native Chicken Farmers.
abstract: Effectiveness of current passive zoonotic disease surveillance systems is limited by the under-reporting of disease outbreaks in the domestic animal population. Evaluating the acceptability of passive surveillance and its economic, social and cultural determinants appears a critical step for improving it. A participatory rural appraisal was implemented in a rural subdistrict of Thailand. Focus group interviews were used to identify sanitary risks perceived by native chicken farmers and describe the structure of their value chain. Qualitative individual interviews with a large diversity of actors enabled to identify perceived costs and benefits associated with the reporting of HPAI suspicions to sanitary authorities. Besides, flows of information on HPAI suspected cases were assessed using network analysis, based on data collected through individual questionnaires. Results show that the presence of cockfighting activities in the area negatively affected the willingness of all chicken farmers and other actors to report suspected HPAI cases. The high financial and affective value of fighting cocks contradicted the HPAI control policy based on mass culling. However, the importance of product quality in the native chicken meat value chain and the free veterinary services and products delivered by veterinary officers had a positive impact on suspected case reporting. Besides, cockfighting practitioners had a significantly higher centrality than other actors in the information network and they facilitated the spatial diffusion of information. Social ties built in cockfighting activities and the shared purpose of protecting valuable cocks were at the basis of the diffusion of information and the informal collective management of diseases. Building bridges with this informal network would greatly improve the effectiveness of passive surveillance.
authors.affiliation: AGIRs-Animal and Integrated Risk Management Research Unit, CIRAD-Agricultural Research Center for International Development, Montpellier, France.|LADYSS - Enjeux Sanitaires et Territoires, CNRS, Paris Ouest University, Nanterre, France.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Delabouglise
authors.affiliation: AGIRs-Animal and Integrated Risk Management Research Unit, CIRAD-Agricultural Research Center for International Development, Montpellier, France.|FARAH-Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals & Health, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Antoine-Moussiaux
authors.affiliation: The 6th Regional Livestock Office, Phitsanulok, Thailand.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Tatong
authors.affiliation: Provincial Livestock Office, Satun, Thailand.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chumkaeo
authors.affiliation: AGIRs-Animal and Integrated Risk Management Research Unit, CIRAD-Agricultural Research Center for International Development, Montpellier, France.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Binot
authors.affiliation: Veterinary Epidemiology, Economics and Public Health Group, Department of Production and Population Health, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Hatfield, UK.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Fournié
authors.affiliation: CAPHRI School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Pilot
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Nakorn-pathom, Thailand.
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Phimpraphi
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Nakorn-pathom, Thailand.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kasemsuwan
authors.affiliation: IAHP, Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, Toulouse, France.
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Paul
authors.affiliation: AGIRs-Animal and Integrated Risk Management Research Unit, CIRAD-Agricultural Research Center for International Development, Montpellier, France.|Asian Institute of Technology, Pathumthani, Thailand.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Duboz
authors.affiliation: LADYSS - Enjeux Sanitaires et Territoires, CNRS, Paris Ouest University, Nanterre, France.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Salem
authors.affiliation: AGIRs-Animal and Integrated Risk Management Research Unit, CIRAD-Agricultural Research Center for International Development, Montpellier, France.|National Institute of Veterinary Research, Hanoi, Viet Nam.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Peyre
mesh_terms: D000822:Animal Husbandry / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods; D000818:Animals; D002645:Chickens; D003469:Culture; D018563:Disease Notification / Q000191:economics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D062665:Epidemiological Monitoring / Q000662:veterinary*; D053124:Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype / Q000502:physiology; D005585:Influenza in Birds / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D011201:Poultry Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D013785:Thailand / Q000453:epidemiology; D015047:Zoonoses / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*
keywords: H5N1 Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza; mandatory reporting; network analysis; participatory epidemiology; passive surveillance; poultry production