title: Recombination among GB virus C (GBV-C) isolates in the United States.
abstract: GB virus C (GBV-C) is a non-pathogenic flavivirus that may play a role in modulating HIV disease. Multiple genotypes of GBV-C that have been identified to date that may differentially regulate HIV; however, the number of complete GBV-C sequences published to date is very limited. We sequenced full-length GBV-C genomes from four individuals with HIV/HCV co-infection in the United States. Intergenotypic recombination was evident in two of these individuals. Evaluation of additional full-length GBV-C genomes would facilitate the creation of full-length, replication-competent molecular clones of GBV-C to evaluate the phenotypic diversity of GBV-C genotypes and provide important molecular data on this understudied virus.
authors.affiliation: Division of Digestive Diseases, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
authors.forename: Jason T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Blackard
authors.affiliation: Division of Digestive Diseases, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
authors.forename: Gang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: Division of Digestive Diseases, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
authors.forename: Clarissa
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Polen
authors.affiliation: Division of Digestive Diseases, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
authors.forename: Juwen C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: DuBois
authors.affiliation: Division of Digestive Diseases, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
authors.forename: Jonathon
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gast
authors.affiliation: Division of Digestive Diseases, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
authors.forename: Caleb M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Radens
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA.
authors.forename: Richard K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Sterling
authors.affiliation: Division of Digestive Diseases, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
authors.forename: Kenneth E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Sherman
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D001483:Base Sequence; D060085:Coinfection; D018178:Flaviviridae Infections / Q000821:virology; D029407:GB virus C / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D016679:Genome, Viral / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D010802:Phylogeny; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000235:genetics; D011995:Recombination, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*; D017423:Sequence Analysis, RNA; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D012367:RNA, Viral