title: Removal of textile dyes and metallic ions using polyelectrolytes and macroelectrolytes containing sulfonic acid groups.
abstract: This work reports the removal of textile dyes and metallic ions by means of adsorption and coagulation-flocculation using two polyelectrolytes and two macroelectrolytes containing sulfonic acid groups. The adsorption of textile dyes was studied in aqueous solutions containing cationic dyes and in wastewater containing a vat dye. Also, removal of vat and naphthol dyes was studied using the process of coagulation-flocculation. The results show these materials possess elevated adsorption capacity, and they accomplished removal rates above 97% in aqueous solutions. The removal of the vat dye improved the quality of the wastewater notably, and an uncolored effluent was obtained at the end of the treatment. The treatment using adsorption decreased the values for coloration, conductivity, suspended solids, and pH. The removal of vat and naphthol dyes by means of coagulation-flocculation was studied as well, and removal rates of 90% were obtained. The polyelectrolytes and macroelectrolytes also proved effective in the adsorption of metallic ions in wastewater. The treatment using adsorption accomplished high removal rates of metallic ions, and it showed greater selectivity towards Cu(2+), Fe(3+) and Pb(2+). A decrease in the content of solids as well as the values for COD and conductivity was observed in the wastewater as well. The analyses of FT-IR indicated that cationic dyes and metallic ions were chemisorbed by means of ionic exchange.
authors.affiliation: Doctorado en Ciencias de los Materiales, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Carretera Pachuca-Tulancingo Km 4.5 Colonia Carboneras, Mineral de la Reforma Hidalgo, C.P. 42184, Hidalgo, Mexico.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Caldera Villalobos
authors.affiliation: Facultad de Ingeniería, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Edificio ING1, Ciudad Universitaria, C.P. 72570, Puebla, Mexico.
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Peláez Cid
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Polímeros, Área Académica de Ciencias de la Tierra y Materiales, Instituto de Ciencias Básicas e Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Carretera Pachuca-Tulancingo Km 4.5 Colonia Carboneras, Mineral de la Reforma Hidalgo, C.P. 42184, Hidalgo, Mexico. Electronic address: mherrera@uaeh.edu.mx.
authors.forename: Ana M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Herrera González
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D004396:Coloring Agents / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry*; D005427:Flocculation; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007474:Ion Exchange; D000071228:Polyelectrolytes / Q000737:chemistry*; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D013451:Sulfonic Acids / Q000737:chemistry*; D013783:Textile Industry; D013784:Textiles; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid / Q000379:methods; D062065:Wastewater / Q000737:chemistry*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D004396:Coloring Agents; D000071228:Polyelectrolytes; D013451:Sulfonic Acids; D062065:Wastewater; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical
keywords: Macroelectrolytes; Metallic ions adsorption; Polyelectrolytes; Polymeric flocculants; Sulfonic acid groups; Textile dyes adsorption