title: Intake of Protein Plus Carbohydrate during the First Two Hours after Exhaustive Cycling Improves Performance the following Day.
abstract: Intake of protein immediately after exercise stimulates protein synthesis but improved recovery of performance is not consistently observed. The primary aim of the present study was to compare performance 18 h after exhaustive cycling in a randomized diet-controlled study (175 kJ·kg(-1) during 18 h) when subjects were supplemented with protein plus carbohydrate or carbohydrate only in a 2-h window starting immediately after exhaustive cycling. The second aim was to investigate the effect of no nutrition during the first 2 h and low total energy intake (113 kJ·kg(-1) during 18 h) on performance when protein intake was similar. Eight endurance-trained subjects cycled at 237±6 Watt (~72% VO2max) until exhaustion (TTE) on three occasions, and supplemented with 1.2 g carbohydrate·kg(-1)·h(-1) (CHO), 0.8 g carbohydrate + 0.4 g protein·kg(-1)·h(-1) (CHO+PRO) or placebo without energy (PLA). Intake of CHO+PROT increased plasma glucose, insulin, and branch chained amino acids, whereas CHO only increased glucose and insulin. Eighteen hours later, subjects performed another TTE at 237±6 Watt. TTE was increased after intake of CHO+PROT compared to CHO (63.5±4.4 vs 49.8±5.4 min; p<0.05). PLA reduced TTE to 42.8±5.1 min (p<0.05 vs CHO). Nitrogen balance was positive in CHO+PROT, and negative in CHO and PLA. In conclusion, performance was higher 18 h after exhaustive cycling with intake of CHO+PROT compared to an isocaloric amount of carbohydrate during the first 2 h post exercise. Intake of a similar amount of protein but less carbohydrate during the 18 h recovery period reduced performance.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Performance, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, P.O. Box 4014 Ullevål Stadion, N-0806 Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Per I
authors.initials: PI
authors.lastname: Rustad
authors.affiliation: ZIEL Institute for Food and Health, Technische Universiät München, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Manuela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sailer
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Performance, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, P.O. Box 4014 Ullevål Stadion, N-0806 Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Kristoffer T
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Cumming
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
authors.forename: Per B
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Jeppesen
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Performance, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, P.O. Box 4014 Ullevål Stadion, N-0806 Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Kristoffer J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Kolnes
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Performance, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, P.O. Box 4014 Ullevål Stadion, N-0806 Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Ove
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Sollie
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Ålborg, Denmark.
authors.forename: Jesper
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Franch
authors.affiliation: Exercise Physiology and Metabolism Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, United States of America.
authors.forename: John L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Ivy
authors.affiliation: ZIEL Institute for Food and Health, Technische Universiät München, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Hannelore
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Daniel
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Performance, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, P.O. Box 4014 Ullevål Stadion, N-0806 Oslo, Norway.|Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Jørgen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jensen
mesh_terms: D000596:Amino Acids / Q000097:blood; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D054874:Athletic Performance / Q000502:physiology*; D001642:Bicycling / Q000502:physiology*; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D003402:Creatine Kinase / Q000097:blood; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005080:Exercise Test; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified / Q000097:blood; D005934:Glucagon / Q000097:blood; D005990:Glycerol / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D009211:Myoglobin / Q000097:blood; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D010807:Physical Endurance / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D013997:Time Factors; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D001786:Blood Glucose; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D004044:Dietary Proteins; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; D007328:Insulin; D009211:Myoglobin; D005934:Glucagon; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; D003402:Creatine Kinase; D005990:Glycerol