title: Real-Time, Selective Detection of Copper(II) Using Ionophore-Grafted Carbon-Fiber Microelectrodes.
abstract: Rapid, selective detection of metals in complex samples remains an elusive goal that could provide critical analytical information for biological and environmental sciences and industrial waste management. Fast-scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV) using carbon-fiber microelectrodes (CFMs) is an emerging technique for metal analysis with broad potential applicability because of its rapid response to changes in analyte concentration and minimal disturbance to the analysis medium. In this communication, we report the first effective application of covalently modified CFMs to achieve highly selective, subsecond Cu(II) measurements using FSCV. A two-part strategy is employed for maximum selectivity: Cu(II) binding is augmented by a covalently grafted ionophore, while binding of other metals is prevented by chemical blocking of nonselective surface adsorption sites. The resulting electrodes selectively detect Cu(II) in a complex medium comprising several interfering metals. Overall, this strategy represents a transformative innovation in real-time electrochemical detection of metal analytes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University , Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States.
authors.forename: Yuanyuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University , Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States.
authors.forename: Ahmad A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Ibrahim
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina , Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States.
authors.forename: Parastoo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hashemi
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University , Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States.
authors.forename: Jennifer L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Stockdill
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D002244:Carbon / Q000737:chemistry*; D000077482:Carbon Fiber; D003300:Copper / Q000032:analysis*; D055664:Electrochemical Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D007476:Ionophores / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry*; D057230:Limit of Detection; D008839:Microelectrodes; D013859:Thiocarbamates / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000077482:Carbon Fiber; D007476:Ionophores; D013859:Thiocarbamates; D002244:Carbon; D003300:Copper