title: In-depth performance analysis of an EEG based neonatal seizure detection algorithm.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe a novel neurophysiology based performance analysis of automated seizure detection algorithms for neonatal EEG to characterize features of detected and non-detected seizures and causes of false detections to identify areas for algorithmic improvement.
  
  
  METHODS
  EEGs of 20 term neonates were recorded (10 seizure, 10 non-seizure). Seizures were annotated by an expert and characterized using a novel set of 10 criteria. ANSeR seizure detection algorithm (SDA) seizure annotations were compared to the expert to derive detected and non-detected seizures at three SDA sensitivity thresholds. Differences in seizure characteristics between groups were compared using univariate and multivariate analysis. False detections were characterized.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The expert detected 421 seizures. The SDA at thresholds 0.4, 0.5, 0.6 detected 60%, 54% and 45% of seizures. At all thresholds, multivariate analyses demonstrated that the odds of detecting seizure increased with 4 criteria: seizure amplitude, duration, rhythmicity and number of EEG channels involved at seizure peak. Major causes of false detections included respiration and sweat artefacts or a highly rhythmic background, often during intermediate sleep.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This rigorous analysis allows estimation of how key seizure features are exploited by SDAs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study resulted in a beta version of ANSeR with significantly improved performance.
authors.affiliation: Academic Research Department of Neonatology, Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom; Neonatal Brain Research Group, Irish Centre for Fetal and Neonatal Translational Research, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University College Cork, Ireland. Electronic address: sean.mathieson@uclh.nhs.uk.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mathieson
authors.affiliation: Academic Research Department of Neonatology, Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom; Neonatal Brain Research Group, Irish Centre for Fetal and Neonatal Translational Research, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University College Cork, Ireland.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rennie
authors.affiliation: Neonatal Brain Research Group, Irish Centre for Fetal and Neonatal Translational Research, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University College Cork, Ireland.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Livingstone
authors.affiliation: Neonatal Brain Research Group, Irish Centre for Fetal and Neonatal Translational Research, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University College Cork, Ireland; Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University College Cork, Ireland.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Temko
authors.affiliation: Neonatal Brain Research Group, Irish Centre for Fetal and Neonatal Translational Research, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University College Cork, Ireland.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Low
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Pressler
authors.affiliation: Neonatal Brain Research Group, Irish Centre for Fetal and Neonatal Translational Research, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University College Cork, Ireland.
authors.forename: G B
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Boylan
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D001238:Asphyxia Neonatorum / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001921:Brain / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003936:Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted; D004569:Electroencephalography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D002534:Hypoxia, Brain / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D020300:Intracranial Hemorrhages / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D008471:Meconium Aspiration Syndrome / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012640:Seizures / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology
keywords: Automated seizure detection; Neonatal seizures