title: Distribution of Ankle-Brachial Index among Inpatients with Cardiovascular Disease: Analysis Using the Kumamoto University Hospital Medical Database.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the distribution of ankle-brachial index (ABI) among Japanese cardiovascular inpatients and to explore risk factors of peripheral arterial disease (PAD) associated with ABI ≤0.9.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study was a retrospective analysis using clinical record databases of patients with cardiovascular disease admitted to the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kumamoto University Hospital between 2007 and 2014.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 3639 patients included in the analysis, male patients accounted for 62.1% and the mean age of patients was 66.1 years. Ischemic heart disease (IHD) was observed in 49.1%. ABI ≤0.9 was observed in 11.3% of all patients, 14.1% in the IHD group and 8.5% in the non-IHD group. Age of ≥65 years (odds ratio [OR]: 2.93, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.22-3.86), current smoking (OR: 2.28, 95%CI:1.71-3.04), diabetes (OR: 2.15, 95%CI:1.71-2.71), hypertension (OR: 1.42, 95%CI:1.12-1.81) and chronic kidney disease (OR: 2.52, 95%CI:1.82-3.48) were significantly associated factors with ABI ≤0.9.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study suggests that PAD is prevalent even in patients without IHD. Active management of risk factors, early detection of PAD based on ABI, and therapeutic intervention could be effective in preventing future cardiovascular events or death.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Kumamoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Seiji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hokimoto
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Kumamoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Hirofumi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Soejima
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Kumamoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Sunao
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kojima
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Kumamoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Koichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kaikita
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Kumamoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Megumi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yamamuro
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Kumamoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Yasuhiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Izumiya
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Kumamoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Kenichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tsujita
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Kumamoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Eiichiro
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Kumamoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Tomoko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Kumamoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Koichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sugamura
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Kumamoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuichiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Arima
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Kumamoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Kenji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sakamoto
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Kumamoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Tomonori
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Akasaka
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Kumamoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Noriaki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tabata
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Kumamoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Daisuke
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sueta
authors.affiliation: Medical Affairs, Sanofi K.K., Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Izuru
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Miyoshi
authors.affiliation: Medical Affairs, Sanofi K.K., Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Makiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Usami
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Kumamoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Hisao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ogawa
keywords: ankle-brachial index; cardiovascular disease; database; peripheral arterial disease