title: Aggressive basal cell carcinoma of the head and neck: challenges in surgical management.
abstract: With exponentially increasing numbers of basal cell carcinoma (BCC) of the head and neck region, also the locally advanced BCCs are increasing in number. These tumours are associated with aggressive biological behaviour with invasion of soft tissues, organs or bone and present with wide variation in management strategies. The objectives of the study was to describe the biological behaviour of aggressive BCCs and their clinical presentation in the head and neck region with a series of cases treated in our tertiary hospital, discuss management plans of such complex cases in terms of surgical planning and reconstruction. A series of five cases of aggressive BCC in the head and neck region with involvement of organs such as nose, orbit, temporal bone, facial nerve, paranasal sinuses and mandible was studied. Locally advanced, aggressive BCC should be evaluated and treated as head and neck tumours. Multidisciplinary team (MDT) discussion is advisable wherein the strategies on surgical excision, reconstruction options, facial nerve rehabilitation, indications for prosthesis and further adjuvant treatment such as radiotherapy and chemotherapy are carefully planned.
authors.affiliation: Netherlands Cancer Institute/Antoni Van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.|Diakonessenhuis Hospital, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Peter J F M
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Lohuis
authors.affiliation: Netherlands Cancer Institute/Antoni Van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. aniljoshient@yahoo.com.|Diakonessenhuis Hospital, Utrecht, The Netherlands. aniljoshient@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Anil
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Joshi
authors.affiliation: Diakonessenhuis Hospital, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Pepijn A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Borggreven
authors.affiliation: Diakonessenhuis Hospital, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Lenka
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Vermeeren
authors.affiliation: Netherlands Cancer Institute/Antoni Van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Biljana
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zupan-Kajcovski
authors.affiliation: Netherlands Cancer Institute/Antoni Van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Abrahim
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Al-Mamgani
authors.affiliation: Netherlands Cancer Institute/Antoni Van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Alfons J M
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Balm
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002280:Basal Cell Carcinoma / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*
keywords: Aggressive; Basal cell carcinoma; Head and neck; Reconstructive surgery; Skin cancer