title: Highly Efficient Synthesis of an Emerging Lipophilic Antioxidant: 2-Ethylhexyl Ferulate.
abstract: Ferulic acid in ester form has shown a stronger ability in ameliorating certain pathological conditions and inhibiting lipid oxidation. In present study, a solvent-free and reduced pressure evaporation system was developed for lipase-catalyzed synthesis of 2-ethylhexyl ferulate (2-EF) from ferulic acid and 2-ethylhexanol. A Box-Behnken design with response surface methodology (RSM) and artificial neural network (ANN) was selected to model and optimize the process. Based on the yields of 2-EF, reaction temperature was shown to be the most important process factor on the molar conversion among all variables. The residual values and the coefficient of determination (R²) calculated from the design data indicated that ANN was better than RSM in data fitting. Overall, the present lipase-catalyzed approach for 2-EF synthesis at low reaction temperature in a reduced pressure evaporation system shows high 2-EF production efficiency. Notably, this approach can reduce the enzyme denaturation and ferulic acid oxidation that usually occur during long-term biosynthetic operations at high temperature.
authors.affiliation: Department of BioIndustry Technology, Da-Yeh University, 168 University Road, Dacun, Changhua 51591, Taiwan. freedomlove0216@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Kuo-Chuan
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, 250 Kuokuang Road, Taichung 40227, Taiwan. quatrefoil47@yahoo.com.tw.
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Seafood Science, National Kaohsiung Marine University, 142 Haijhuan Road, Nanzih District, Kaohsiung 81157, Taiwan. chkuo@webmail.nkmu.edu.tw.
authors.forename: Chia-Hung
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Kuo
authors.affiliation: Department of BioIndustry Technology, Da-Yeh University, 168 University Road, Dacun, Changhua 51591, Taiwan. poly2001@mail.dyu.edu.tw.
authors.forename: Yawo-Kuo
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Twu
authors.affiliation: Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, 250 Kuokuang Road, Taichung 40227, Taiwan. cjshieh@nchu.edu.tw.
authors.forename: Chwen-Jen
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Shieh
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry; D003373:Coumaric Acids / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry; D004952:Esters / Q000138:chemical synthesis; D000441:Hexanols / Q000737:chemistry*; D008049:Lipase / Q000737:chemistry; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D016571:Neural Networks, Computer; D012997:Solvents / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D003373:Coumaric Acids; D004952:Esters; D000441:Hexanols; D012997:Solvents; C004999:ferulic acid; D008049:Lipase; C034017:2-ethylhexanol
keywords: 2-ethylhexyl ferulate; artificial neural network; lipase; reduced pressure evaporation system; response surface methodology