title: [The effect of a combined nanoparticulate/calcium hydroxide medication on the biofilm of Enterococcus faecalis in starvation phase].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the efficacy of Ca(OH)2 with a silver nanoparticle suspension to eliminate the biofilm of Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) in starvation phase.
  
  
  METHODS
  The biofilm models of E．faecalis in the starvation phase were built in vitro with 256 extracted human single-rooted teeth, and the methods of plate culture count and crystal violet biofilm assay were applied to determine the effect of the inhibition of different intracanal medicament (silver nanoparticle with calcium hydroxide, silver nanoparticle alone, calcium hydroxide alone ) to the biofilm of E. faecalis in starvation phase at 1 and 7 days. The negative control group was treated with sterile water only. Statistical analysis was carried out with SPSS 13.0 software package.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The inhibitory effect of Ca（OH）2+nanosilver on the biofilms of E. faecalis was found more significant than that of silver nanoparticle alone and calcium hydroxide alone at 1 and 7 days, and silver nanoparticle alone was more effective than calcium hydroxide alone. No difference in antimicrobial properties was observed between the two time points in the Ca(OH)2+silver nanoparticle group and silver nanoparticle group, while higher antimicrobial efficacy was observed in the Ca(OH)2 group after 7 days than 1 day.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Silver nanoparticle with calcium hydroxide has an obvious inhibitory effect on the biofilm of E.faecalis in the starvation phase.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endodontics, Hefei Stomatological Hospital. Hefei 230001, Anhui Province, China. E-mail:zfh1024@163.com.
authors.forename: Fu-hua
authors.initials: FH
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Endodontics, Hefei Stomatological Hospital. Hefei 230001, Anhui Province, China.
authors.forename: Mao
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Endodontics, Hefei Stomatological Hospital. Hefei 230001, Anhui Province, China.
authors.forename: Zhi-jun
authors.initials: ZJ
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.affiliation: Department of Endodontics, Hefei Stomatological Hospital. Hefei 230001, Anhui Province, China.
authors.forename: Bing
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zhao
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D018441:Biofilms / Q000187:drug effects*; D002126:Calcium Hydroxide / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003786:Dental Pulp Cavity; D013293:Enterococcus faecalis / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles; D012388:Root Canal Irrigants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012834:Silver / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014092:Tooth Root
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D012388:Root Canal Irrigants; D012834:Silver; D002126:Calcium Hydroxide