title: Social support and moment-to-moment changes in treatment self-efficacy in men living with HIV: Psychosocial moderators and clinical outcomes.
abstract: For people living with HIV, treatment adherence self-efficacy is an important predictor of treatment adherence and, therefore, of clinical outcomes. Using experience sampling method (ESM), this study aimed to examine: (1) the within-person association between moment-to-moment changes in social support and HIV treatment self-efficacy; (2) the moderators of this within-person association; (3) the concordance between questionnaire and ESM measurement of treatment self-efficacy; and (4) the utility of each approach (ESM and questionnaire) in predicting adherence to medication, adherence to clinic visits, CD4 counts, and viral load.
  
  
  
  Men living with HIV (N = 109) responded to the same set of ESM questions 3 times a day for 7 days via a smart phone given to them for the study. They also completed cross-sectional questionnaires and their clinic data was extracted from medical records to examine predictors and consequences of state and trait treatment self-efficacy.
  
  
  
  In within-person hierarchical linear modeling (HLM) analyses, receipt of recent social support predicted higher current ESM treatment self-efficacy. This association was stronger for individuals reporting higher avoidance coping with HIV. The correlation between ESM and questionnaire measures of treatment self-efficacy was r = .37. ESM measure of average treatment self-efficacy predicted medication adherence, visit adherence, CD4 counts, and viral load, while questionnaire-based self-efficacy did not predict these outcomes.
  
  
  
  Interventions aimed at improving treatment adherence may target social support processes, which may improve treatment self-efficacy and adherence. (PsycINFO Database Record
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology.
authors.forename: Bulent
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-2008-227X
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Turan
authors.affiliation: Family, Community and Health Systems Department.
authors.forename: Pariya L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Fazeli
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine.
authors.forename: James L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Raper
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine.
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Mugavero
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of California.
authors.forename: Mallory O
authors.initials: MO
authors.lastname: Johnson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000523:psychology*; D006296:Health Services; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008499:Medical Records; D055118:Medication Adherence / Q000523:psychology; D008875:Middle Aged; D020377:Self Efficacy; D012944:Social Support; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D019562:Viral Load; D055815:Young Adult