title: Quantitative Myocardial Perfusion with Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced Imaging in MRI and CT: Theoretical Models and Current Implementation.
abstract: Technological advances in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT), including higher spatial and temporal resolution, have made the prospect of performing absolute myocardial perfusion quantification possible, previously only achievable with positron emission tomography (PET). This could facilitate integration of myocardial perfusion biomarkers into the current workup for coronary artery disease (CAD), as MRI and CT systems are more widely available than PET scanners. Cardiac PET scanning remains expensive and is restricted by the requirement of a nearby cyclotron. Clinical evidence is needed to demonstrate that MRI and CT have similar accuracy for myocardial perfusion quantification as PET. However, lack of standardization of acquisition protocols and tracer kinetic model selection complicates comparison between different studies and modalities. The aim of this overview is to provide insight into the different tracer kinetic models for quantitative myocardial perfusion analysis and to address typical implementation issues in MRI and CT. We compare different models based on their theoretical derivations and present the respective consequences for MRI and CT acquisition parameters, highlighting the interplay between tracer kinetic modeling and acquisition settings.
authors.affiliation: University Medical Center Groningen, Center for Medical Imaging North-East Netherlands (CMI-NEN), University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, Netherlands; University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Radiology, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, Netherlands.
authors.forename: G J
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-6626-7793
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Pelgrim
authors.affiliation: University Medical Center Groningen, Center for Medical Imaging North-East Netherlands (CMI-NEN), University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, Netherlands; University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Radiology, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, Netherlands.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Handayani
authors.affiliation: University Medical Center Groningen, Center for Medical Imaging North-East Netherlands (CMI-NEN), University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, Netherlands; University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Radiology, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, Netherlands.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Dijkstra
authors.affiliation: University Medical Center Groningen, Center for Medical Imaging North-East Netherlands (CMI-NEN), University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, Netherlands; University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Radiology, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, Netherlands.
authors.forename: N H J
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: Prakken
authors.affiliation: University Medical Center Groningen, Center for Medical Imaging North-East Netherlands (CMI-NEN), University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, Netherlands; University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, Netherlands.
authors.forename: R H J A
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Slart
authors.affiliation: University Medical Center Groningen, Center for Medical Imaging North-East Netherlands (CMI-NEN), University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, Netherlands.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Oudkerk
authors.affiliation: University Medical Center Groningen, Center for Medical Imaging North-East Netherlands (CMI-NEN), University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, Netherlands; University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Radiology, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, Netherlands.
authors.forename: P M A
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Van Ooijen
authors.affiliation: University Medical Center Groningen, Center for Medical Imaging North-East Netherlands (CMI-NEN), University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, Netherlands; University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Radiology, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, Netherlands.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Vliegenthart
authors.affiliation: University Medical Center Groningen, Center for Medical Imaging North-East Netherlands (CMI-NEN), University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, Netherlands; University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Radiology, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, Netherlands.
authors.forename: P E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Sijens
mesh_terms: D003287:Contrast Media; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D055414:Myocardial Perfusion Imaging; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media