title: Prevalence of Transfusion-Transmissible Infections in Donors to an Ethiopian Blood Bank Between 2009 and 2013 and Donation Factors That Would Improve the Safety of the Blood Supply in Underdeveloped Countries.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the percentages of blood donors at an Ethiopian blood bank who tested positive for 4 transfusion-transmissible infections (TTIs) and to compare TTI infection levels among individuals of different sociodemographic characteristics.
  
  
  METHODS
  We reviewed 5 years of data (2009 to 2013) from registration records of blood donors at the blood bank of Yirgalem Hospital in Hawassa, Ethiopia.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 6367 donors, 447 (7.0%) tested positive for 1 of the TTIs for which infection necessitates discarding the infected blood unit. The prevalence of HIV (human immunodeficiency virus), HBV (hepatitis B virus), HCV (hepatitis C virus), and syphilis were 1.6%, 4.8%, 0.6%, and 0.5%, respectively. The prevalence of HIV was significantly increased among donors who were replacing blood for family members compared with volunteer donors (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 0.34; 95% CI, .15 to .77), and employed donors compared with students (2.48; 1.22 to 5.02). HCV prevalence was significantly increased with replacement donors compared with volunteers. The prevalence of the 4 studied TTIs in volunteers' donations are lower than that in family replacement donation. The discard rate of blood from volunteers was 1.1%, versus 5.9% from replacement donors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The prevalence of TTIs is significant, and blood collected from volunteer donors is associated with lower risk of TTIs. Therefore, agencies must ensure a safe, adequate blood supply, designating unremunerated volunteers as a preferred donor group. Moreover, more sensitive and specific screening methods and a regular supply of materials and reagents must be provided to improve the quality standard of blood-bank laboratories.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Hawassa University College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Hawassa, Ethiopia misganawbs@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Misganaw
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Birhaneselassie
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001771:Blood Banks; D001782:Blood Donors / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D003906:Developing Countries; D005002:Ethiopia; D005260:Female; D006678:HIV; D016174:Hepacivirus; D006515:Hepatitis B virus; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D012306:Risk; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013587:Syphilis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000635:transmission; D065227:Transfusion Reaction; D014210:Treponema pallidum; D014777:Virus Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000635:transmission; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: TTIs; blood component; malaria, discard rate; prevalence; volunteer donors