title: Cellular Aspects of Shigella Pathogenesis: Focus on the Manipulation of Host Cell Processes.
abstract: Shigella is a Gram-negative bacterium that is responsible for shigellosis. Over the years, the study of Shigella has provided a greater understanding of how the host responds to bacterial infection, and how bacteria have evolved to effectively counter the host defenses. In this review, we provide an update on some of the most recent advances in our understanding of pivotal processes associated with Shigella infection, including the invasion into host cells, the metabolic changes that occur within the bacterium and the infected cell, cell-to-cell spread mechanisms, autophagy and membrane trafficking, inflammatory signaling and cell death. This recent progress sheds a new light into the mechanisms underlying Shigella pathogenesis, and also more generally provides deeper understanding of the complex interplay between host cells and bacterial pathogens in general.
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto Toronto, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: Samuel A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Killackey
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, University of Toronto Toronto, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: Matthew T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Sorbara
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of TorontoToronto, ON, Canada; Department of Immunology, University of TorontoToronto, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: Stephen E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Girardin
mesh_terms: D001343:Autophagy / Q000276:immunology; D004405:Dysentery, Bacillary / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology*; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate / Q000276:immunology; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology*; D053474:Nod1 Signaling Adaptor Protein / Q000276:immunology; D053473:Nod2 Signaling Adaptor Protein / Q000276:immunology; D012760:Shigella / Q000276:immunology* / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000276:immunology; D000069296:Type III Secretion Systems / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C119067:NOD1 protein, human; C429018:NOD2 protein, human; D053474:Nod1 Signaling Adaptor Protein; D053473:Nod2 Signaling Adaptor Protein; D000069296:Type III Secretion Systems
keywords: NLR; Nod1 signaling adaptor protein; Nod2 signaling adaptor protein; Shigella; autophagy; bacterial infections; innate immunity; toll-like receptors