title: Cachexia in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: new insights and therapeutic perspective.
abstract: Cachexia and muscle wasting are well recognized as common and partly reversible features of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), adversely affecting disease progression and prognosis. This argues for integration of weight and muscle maintenance in patient care. In this review, recent insights are presented in the diagnosis of muscle wasting in COPD, the pathophysiology of muscle wasting, and putative mechanisms involved in a disturbed energy balance as cachexia driver. We discuss the therapeutic implications of these new insights for optimizing and personalizing management of COPD-induced cachexia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Respiratory Medicine NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism Maastricht The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Karin J C
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Sanders
authors.affiliation: Department of Respiratory Medicine NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism Maastricht The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Anita E M
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Kneppers
authors.affiliation: Department of Respiratory Medicine NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism Maastricht The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Coby
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: van de Bool
authors.affiliation: Department of Respiratory Medicine NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism Maastricht The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Ramon C J
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Langen
authors.affiliation: Department of Respiratory Medicine NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism Maastricht The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Annemie M W J
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Schols
keywords: COPD; Cachexia; Emphysema; Energy balance; Lung cancer; Muscle