title: Analysis of Heparins Derived From Bovine Tissues and Comparison to Porcine Intestinal Heparins.
abstract: Heparin is a widely used clinical anticoagulant. It is also a linear glycosaminoglycan with an average mass between 10 and 20 kDa and is primarily made up of trisulfated disaccharides comprised of 1,4-linked iduronic acid and glucosamine residues containing some glucuronic acid residues. Heparin is biosynthesized in the Golgi of mast cells commonly found in the liver, intestines, and lungs. Pharmaceutical heparin currently used in the United States is primarily extracted from porcine intestines. Other sources of heparin including bovine intestine and bovine lung are being examined as potential substitutes for porcine intestinal heparin. These additional sources are intended to serve to diversify the heparin supply, making this lifesaving drug more secure. The current study examines bovine heparins prepared from both intestines and lung and compares these to porcine intestinal heparin. The structural properties of these heparins are examined using nuclear magnetic resonance, gel permeation chromatography, and disaccharide analysis of heparinase-catalyzed depolymerized heparin. The in vitro functional activities of these heparins have also been determined. The goal of this study is to establish the structural and functional similarities and potential differences between bovine and porcine heparins. Porcine and bovine heparins have structural and compositional similarities and differences.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Kalib
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: St Ange
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA Department of Biology, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Akihiro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Onishi
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Xiaojun
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Daisuke
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mori
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Fuming
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA Department of Biomedical Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Jonathan S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Dordick
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, USA.
authors.forename: Jawed
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fareed
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, USA.
authors.forename: Debra
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hoppensteadt
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, USA.
authors.forename: Walter
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Jeske
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA Department of Biology, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA Department of Biomedical Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA Department of Pathology, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, USA linhar@rpi.edu.
authors.forename: Robert J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Linhardt
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000925:Anticoagulants; D001780:Blood Coagulation Tests; D002417:Cattle; D006493:Heparin / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000592:standards; D007422:Intestines / Q000737:chemistry; D008168:Lung / Q000737:chemistry; D015394:Molecular Structure; D008970:Molecular Weight; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants; D006493:Heparin
keywords: anticoagulant activity; heparins; intestine; lung; structural characterization