title: Silicon Mitigates Salinity Stress by Regulating the Physiology, Antioxidant Enzyme Activities, and Protein Expression in Capsicum annuum 'Bugwang'.
abstract: Silicon- (Si-) induced salinity stress resistance was demonstrated at physiological and proteomic levels in Capsicum annuum for the first time. Seedlings of C. annuum were hydroponically treated with NaCl (50 mM) with or without Si (1.8 mM) for 15 days. The results illustrated that saline conditions significantly reduced plant growth and biomass and photosynthetic parameters and increased the electrolyte leakage potential, lipid peroxidation, and hydrogen peroxide level. However, supplementation of Si allowed the plants to recover from salinity stress by improving their physiology and photosynthesis. During salinity stress, Si prevented oxidative damage by increasing the activities of antioxidant enzymes. Furthermore, Si supplementation recovered the nutrient imbalance that had occurred during salinity stress. Additionally, proteomic analysis by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2DE) followed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) revealed that Si treatment upregulated the accumulation of proteins involved in several metabolic processes, particularly those associated with nucleotide binding and transferase activity. Moreover, Si modulated the expression of vital proteins involved in ubiquitin-mediated nucleosome pathway and carbohydrate metabolism. Overall, the results illustrate that Si application induced resistance against salinity stress in C. annuum by regulating the physiology, antioxidant metabolism, and protein expression.
authors.affiliation: Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus), Graduate School, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Abinaya
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Manivannan
authors.affiliation: Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus), Graduate School, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Prabhakaran
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Soundararajan
authors.affiliation: Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus), Graduate School, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Sowbiya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Muneer
authors.affiliation: Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus), Graduate School, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Chung Ho
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Ko
authors.affiliation: Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus), Graduate School, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea; Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea; Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Byoung Ryong
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-4146-7278
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Jeong
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism*; D002212:Capsicum / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000254:growth & development; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant / Q000187:drug effects; D010788:Photosynthesis / Q000187:drug effects; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development; D040901:Proteomics; D054712:Salinity; D036226:Seedlings / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development; D012825:Silicon / Q000633:toxicity; D013312:Stress, Physiological / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D010940:Plant Proteins; D012825:Silicon