title: Epigenetic regulation of neutrophil development and function.
abstract: In addition to performing well-defined effector functions, neutrophils are now recognized as versatile and sophisticated cells with critical immunoregulatory roles. These include the release of a variety of proinflammatory or immunosuppressive cytokines, as well as the expression of genes with regulatory functions. Neutrophils share broad transcriptional features with monocytes, in keeping with the close developmental relation between the two cell types. However, neutrophil-specific gene expression patterns conferring cell type-specific responses to bacterial, viral or fungal components have been identified. Accumulating evidence suggest that these differences reflect the peculiar epigenomic and regulatory landscapes of neutrophils and monocytes, in turn controlled by the specific lineage-determining transcription factors shaping their identity. In this review, we will describe current knowledge on how neutrophil identity and function are controlled at the molecular level, focusing on transcriptional and chromatin regulation of neutrophil development and activation in response to inflammatory stimuli.
authors.affiliation: San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-TIGET), Division of Regenerative Medicine, Stem Cells and Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy. Electronic address: ostuni.renato@hsr.it.
authors.forename: Renato
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ostuni
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology (IEO), I-20139 Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Gioacchino
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Natoli
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Division of General Pathology, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy.
authors.forename: Marco A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Cassatella
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Division of General Pathology, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy. Electronic address: nicola.tamassia@univr.it.
authors.forename: Nicola
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tamassia
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D019175:DNA Methylation; D044127:Epigenesis, Genetic; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D038042:Myelopoiesis / Q000235:genetics; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000166:cytology* / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines
keywords: Cytokine; Epigenetic; Granulopoiesis; Neutrophil; Transcription factor