title: Automated multisyringe stir bar sorptive extraction using robust montmorillonite/epoxy-coated stir bars.
abstract: Herein we present a simple, rapid and low cost strategy for the preparation of robust stir bar coatings based on the combination of montmorillonite with epoxy resin. The composite stir bar was implemented in a novel automated multisyringe stir bar sorptive extraction system (MS-SBSE), and applied to the extraction of four chlorophenols (4-chlorophenol, 2,4-dichlorophenol, 2,4,6-trichlorophenol and pentachlorophenol) as model compounds, followed by high performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection. The different experimental parameters of the MS-SBSE, such as sample volume, selection of the desorption solvent, desorption volume, desorption time, sample solution pH, salt effect and extraction time were studied. Under the optimum conditions, the detection limits were between 0.02 and 0.34μgL(-1). Relative standard deviations (RSD) of the method for the analytes at 10μgL(-1) concentration level ranged from 3.5% to 4.1% (as intra-day RSD) and from 3.9% to 4.3% (as inter-day RSD at 50μgL(-1) concentration level). Batch-to-batch reproducibility for three different stir bars was 4.6-5.1%. The enrichment factors were between 30 and 49. In order to investigate the capability of the developed technique for real sample analysis, well water, wastewater and leachates from a solid waste treatment plant were satisfactorily analyzed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of the Balearic Islands, Carretera de Valldemossa km 7.5, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain; Department of Chemistry, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran.
authors.forename: Milad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ghani
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Saraji
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of the Balearic Islands, Carretera de Valldemossa km 7.5, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain. Electronic address: fernando.maya@uib.es.
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Maya
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of the Balearic Islands, Carretera de Valldemossa km 7.5, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain.
authors.forename: Víctor
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Cerdà
mesh_terms: D001546:Bentonite / Q000737:chemistry*; D002623:Chemistry Techniques, Analytical / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods*; D002733:Chlorophenols / Q000032:analysis; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D004853:Epoxy Resins / Q000737:chemistry*; D005618:Fresh Water / Q000737:chemistry; D057230:Limit of Detection; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D062065:Wastewater / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D001546:Bentonite; D002733:Chlorophenols; D004853:Epoxy Resins; D062065:Wastewater
keywords: Chlorophenols; Epoxy resin; High performance liquid chromatography; Montmorillonite; Multisyringe flow injection analysis; Stir bar sorptive extraction