title: Nucleotide excision repair by dual incisions in plants.
abstract: Plants use light for photosynthesis and for various signaling purposes. The UV wavelengths in sunlight also introduce DNA damage in the form of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs) and pyrimidine (6-4) pyrimidone photoproducts [(6-4)PPs] that must be repaired for the survival of the plant. Genome sequencing has revealed the presence of genes for both CPD and (6-4)PP photolyases, as well as genes for nucleotide excision repair in plants, such as Arabidopsis and rice. Plant photolyases have been purified, characterized, and have been shown to play an important role in plant survival. In contrast, even though nucleotide excision repair gene homologs have been found in plants, the mechanism of nucleotide excision repair has not been investigated. Here we used the in vivo excision repair assay developed in our laboratory to demonstrate that Arabidopsis removes CPDs and (6-4)PPs by a dual-incision mechanism that is essentially identical to the mechanism of dual incisions in humans and other eukaryotes, in which oligonucleotides with a mean length of 26-27 nucleotides are removed by incising ∼20 phosphodiester bonds 5' and 5 phosphodiester bonds 3' to the photoproduct.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599; Department of Biophysics, University of Erciyes School of Medicine, 38039 Kayseri, Turkey;
authors.forename: Fazile
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Canturk
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Kilis 7 Aralık University, 79000 Kilis, Turkey;
authors.forename: Muhammet
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Karaman
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599;
authors.forename: Christopher P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Selby
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599;
authors.forename: Michael G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Kemp
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599; Department of Biochemistry, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Sıhhiye, 06100 Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Gulnihal
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kulaksiz-Erkmen
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599;
authors.forename: Jinchuan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599;
authors.forename: Wentao
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599;
authors.forename: Laura A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Lindsey-Boltz
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599; aziz_sancar@med.unc.edu.
authors.forename: Aziz
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sancar
mesh_terms: D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000235:genetics / Q000528:radiation effects; D002460:Cell Line; D004249:DNA Damage / Q000235:genetics*; D004260:DNA Repair / Q000235:genetics* / Q000528:radiation effects; D018744:DNA, Plant / Q000235:genetics* / Q000528:radiation effects*; D004255:Deoxyribodipyrimidine Photo-Lyase / Q000235:genetics* / Q000528:radiation effects; D004307:Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; D011740:Pyrimidine Dimers / Q000235:genetics* / Q000528:radiation effects; D011744:Pyrimidinones / Q000528:radiation effects; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays
chemical_list: D018744:DNA, Plant; D011740:Pyrimidine Dimers; D011744:Pyrimidinones; C098727:pyrimidine(6-4)pyrimidone photolyase; D004255:Deoxyribodipyrimidine Photo-Lyase
keywords: DNA damage; DNA repair; UV light; excision nuclease; plants