title: Methodological quality and outcome of systematic reviews reporting on orthopaedic treatment for class III malocclusion: Overview of systematic reviews.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this overview of systematic reviews was to investigate methodological quality and outcome of current systematic reviews (SRs) reporting on orthopaedic treatment for class III malocclusion.
  
  
  METHODS
  Computerized and manual searches were performed in Medline, Google Scholar, Cochrane Library, Embase, LILACS, SciELO, American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Angle Orthodontist, European Journal of Orthodontics, Journal of Orthodontics, Conference abstracts and Grey literature. No restrictions were set on language or date of publication. The search covered the starting date of the relevant databases until 30 April 2015. MeSH terms and free-text terms included 'malocclusion', 'Angle class III', 'orthodontic appliances', 'functional', facemask, review and meta-analysis. Screening of eligible studies, assessment of the methodological quality of the SRs and data extraction were conducted in duplicate and independently by two reviewers. Methodological quality was assessed using AMSTAR (assessment of multiple systematic reviews).
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 222 studies were retrieved and after removal of duplicates, irrelevant studies, literature reviews and surgical approach treatments, 14 SRs and/or meta-analyses were included for qualitative synthesis. Mean AMSTAR score was 7.7/11 with a range of 3-10. There was evidence to demonstrate that face mask therapy can move the maxilla forward whilst causing a backward rotation of the mandible and increased facial height. There was also some evidence of mandibular growth retardation with chin cup therapy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Orthopaedic appliances can improve a class III malocclusion in growing patients over the short-term; however, each appliance has a characteristic effect on the underlying skeletal pattern.
authors.affiliation: a Tehran Dental Branch, Center of craniomaxillofacial research , Islamic Azad University , Tehran , Iran.
authors.forename: Abdolreza
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jamilian
authors.affiliation: a Tehran Dental Branch, Center of craniomaxillofacial research , Islamic Azad University , Tehran , Iran.
authors.forename: Rosangela
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Cannavale
authors.affiliation: a Tehran Dental Branch, Center of craniomaxillofacial research , Islamic Azad University , Tehran , Iran.
authors.forename: Maria Grazia
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Piancino
authors.affiliation: a Tehran Dental Branch, Center of craniomaxillofacial research , Islamic Azad University , Tehran , Iran.
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Eslami
authors.affiliation: a Tehran Dental Branch, Center of craniomaxillofacial research , Islamic Azad University , Tehran , Iran.
authors.forename: Letizia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Perillo
mesh_terms: D005115:Extraoral Traction Appliances; D006801:Humans; D008310:Malocclusion; D008313:Malocclusion, Angle Class III / Q000628:therapy*; D009967:Orthodontic Appliances; D009985:Orthopedics; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: Systematic review; class III malocclusion; maxillary deficiency; orthopaedic appliances