title: Triclosan (TCS) and Triclocarban (TCC) cause lifespan reduction and reproductive impairment through oxidative stress-mediated expression of the defensome in the monogonont rotifer (Brachionus koreanus).
abstract: Triclosan (TCS) and Triclocarban (TCC) are used as antimicrobial agents and have been widely dispersed and detected in the marine environment. However, the toxicities of TCS and TCC have been poorly investigated in marine invertebrates. In this study, the effects of TCS and TCC on mortality, population growth, lifespan, and fecundity were examined in the monogonont rotifer (Brachionus koreanus) using cellular ROS levels, GST enzymatic activity, and gene expression of defensomes. The median lethal concentration (LC50) of TCS (393.1μg/L) and TCC (388.1μg/L) was also determined in the same species. In TCS- and TCC-exposed B. koreanus, growth retardation and reduced fecundity were observed and were shown to have a potentially deleterious effect on the life cycle of B. koreanus. In addition, time-dependent increases in ROS content (%) and GST enzymatic activity were shown in response to TCS and TCC exposure. Additionally, transcript levels of detoxification proteins (e.g., CYPs), antioxidant proteins (e.g., GST-sigma, Cu/ZnSOD, CAT), and heat shock proteins (Hsps) were modulated in response to TCS and TCC exposure over a 24h period. Our results indicate that TCS and TCC induce oxidative stress and transcriptional regulation of detoxification, antioxidant, and heat shock proteins, resulting in changes in lifespan and fecundity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Science, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, South Korea.
authors.forename: Jeonghoon
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Science, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, South Korea.
authors.forename: Eun-Ji
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Won
authors.affiliation: Marine Ecological Risk Assessment Center, West Sea Fisheries Research Institute, National Fisheries Research & Development Institute, Incheon 22383, South Korea.
authors.forename: Un-Ki
authors.initials: UK
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.affiliation: Division of Polar Life Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon 21990, South Korea.
authors.forename: Il-Chan
authors.initials: IC
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Division of Polar Life Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon 21990, South Korea.
authors.forename: Joung Han
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Yim
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Science, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, South Korea. Electronic address: jslee2@skku.edu.
authors.forename: Jae-Seong
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D002224:Carbanilides / Q000633:toxicity*; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005298:Fertility / Q000187:drug effects; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015801:Helminth Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D007928:Lethal Dose 50; D008136:Longevity / Q000187:drug effects*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D012098:Reproduction / Q000187:drug effects; D012403:Rotifera / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D013997:Time Factors; D014260:Triclosan / Q000633:toxicity*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D002224:Carbanilides; D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins; D015801:Helminth Proteins; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D014260:Triclosan; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; C009540:triclocarban; D005982:Glutathione Transferase
keywords: Brachionus koreanus; Reactive oxygen species; Rotifer; Triclocarban (TCC); Triclosan (TCS)