title: Remote Postconditioning Induced by Trauma Protects the Mouse Heart against Ischemia Reperfusion Injury. Involvement of the Neural Pathway and Molecular Mechanisms.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Abdominal superficial surgical incision elicits cardioprotection against myocardial ischemia reperfusion (I/R) injury in mice. This cardioprotective phenomenon, termed remote preconditioning of trauma (RPCT), results in an 80 to 85 % reduction in cardiac infarct size. We evaluated cardioprotection and the molecular mechanisms of remote postconditioning of trauma (RPostCT) in a murine I/R injury model.
  
  
  METHODS
  Mice were analyzed using a previously established I/R injury model. An abdominal superficial surgical incision was made 45 min after myocardial ischemia at the end of coronary occlusion, and infarct size was determined 24 h after reperfusion.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results indicated that a strong cardioprotective effect occurred during RPostCT (56.94 ± 2.71 % sham vs. 15.58 ± 2.16 % RPostCT; the mean area of the infarct divided by the mean area of the region at risk; p ≤ 0.05; n = 10). Furthermore, pharmacological intervention revealed neurogenic signaling involvement in the beneficial effects of RPostCT via sensory and sympathetic thoracic nerves. Pharmacological experiments in transgenic mice demonstrated that bradykinin receptors, β-adrenergic receptors (AR), and protein kinase C were implicated in the cardioprotective effects of RPostCT.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  RPostCT significantly decreased myocardial infarction size via neurogenic transmission and various signaling pathways. This study describes a new cardiac I/R injury prevention method that might lead to the development of therapies that are more clinically relevant for myocardial I/R injury.
authors.affiliation: Hand and Microsurgery Center, The second affiliated hospital of Harbin Medical University, Xuefu Road 246, Nangang District, Harbin, 150081, China.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: Hand and Microsurgery Center, The second affiliated hospital of Harbin Medical University, Xuefu Road 246, Nangang District, Harbin, 150081, China.
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Shan
authors.affiliation: Hand and Microsurgery Center, The second affiliated hospital of Harbin Medical University, Xuefu Road 246, Nangang District, Harbin, 150081, China.
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Xue
authors.affiliation: Hand and Microsurgery Center, The second affiliated hospital of Harbin Medical University, Xuefu Road 246, Nangang District, Harbin, 150081, China.
authors.forename: S Y
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Zhizaoju Road 639, Shanghai, 200011, China.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Department of Hand Surgery, Harbin Fifth People's Hospital, Jiankang Road 27, Harbin, 150081, China.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Hand and Microsurgery Center, The second affiliated hospital of Harbin Medical University, Xuefu Road 246, Nangang District, Harbin, 150081, China.
authors.forename: Y S
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: Hand and Microsurgery Center, The second affiliated hospital of Harbin Medical University, Xuefu Road 246, Nangang District, Harbin, 150081, China. xren1961@gmail.com.|State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics, Harbin Medical University, Baojian Road 157, Nangang District, Harbin, 150081, China. xren1961@gmail.com.|Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Stritch School of Medicine in Loyola University, 2160 South First Ave, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA. xren1961@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Xiaoping
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Ren
mesh_terms: D000005:Abdomen / Q000601:surgery*; D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D053119:Benzophenanthridines / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D006321:Heart / Q000294:innervation; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D015428:Myocardial Reperfusion Injury / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D009206:Myocardium / Q000473:pathology; D009434:Neural Pathways / Q000502:physiology; D011433:Propranolol / Q000494:pharmacology; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D043782:Receptor, Bradykinin B2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011943:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta / Q000378:metabolism; D013900:Thoracic Nerves / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; D053119:Benzophenanthridines; D043782:Receptor, Bradykinin B2; D011943:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta; D011433:Propranolol; C016299:chelerythrine; D011493:Protein Kinase C
keywords: Cardioprotection; Clinical translation; Molecular mechanism; Myocardium ischemia reperfusion injury; Neurogenic pathways; Postconditioning