title: Defining and validating a short form Montreal Cognitive Assessment (s-MoCA) for use in neurodegenerative disease.
abstract: Screening for cognitive deficits is essential in neurodegenerative disease. Screening tests, such as the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), are easily administered, correlate with neuropsychological performance and demonstrate diagnostic utility. Yet, administration time is too long for many clinical settings.
  
  
  
  Item response theory and computerised adaptive testing simulation were employed to establish an abbreviated MoCA in 1850 well-characterised community-dwelling individuals with and without neurodegenerative disease.
  
  
  
  8 MoCA items with high item discrimination and appropriate difficulty were identified for use in a short form (s-MoCA). The s-MoCA was highly correlated with the original MoCA, showed robust diagnostic classification and cross-validation procedures substantiated these items.
  
  
  
  Early detection of cognitive impairment is an important clinical and public health concern, but administration of screening measures is limited by time constraints in demanding clinical settings. Here, we provide as-MoCA that is valid across neurological disorders and can be administered in approximately 5 min.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
authors.forename: David R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Roalf
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
authors.forename: Tyler M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.|Alzheimer's Disease Center, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Wolk
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.|Alzheimer's Disease Center, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
authors.forename: Steven E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Arnold
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.|Alzheimer's Disease Center, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
authors.forename: Dawn
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mechanic-Hamilton
authors.affiliation: Udall Center for Parkinson's Research, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
authors.forename: Jacqueline
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rick
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
authors.forename: Sushila
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kabadi
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
authors.forename: Kosha
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ruparel
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
authors.forename: Alice S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Chen-Plotkin
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
authors.forename: Lama M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Chahine
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
authors.forename: Nabila A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Dahodwala
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.|Parkinson's Disease Research, Education and Clinical Center (PADRECC) at the Philadelphia VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
authors.forename: John E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Duda
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.|Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.|Udall Center for Parkinson's Research, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.|Parkinson's Disease Research, Education and Clinical Center (PADRECC) at the Philadelphia VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
authors.forename: Daniel A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Weintraub
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.|Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.|Alzheimer's Disease Center, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
authors.forename: Paul J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Moberg
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis*; D003936:Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted; D042241:Early Diagnosis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening; D008875:Middle Aged; D019636:Neurodegenerative Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis*; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed