title: High-Throughput and Low-Cost Analysis of Trace Volatile Phthalates in Seafood by Online Coupling of Monolithic Capillary Adsorbent with GC-MS.
abstract: A simple, sensitive, and high-throughput method was developed for the determination of six volatile phthalate esters-dimethyl phthalate (DMP), diethyl phthalate (DEP), dibutyl phthalate (DBP), benzylbutyl phthalate (BBP), di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), and di-n-octyl phthalate (DnOP)-in seafood samples by using monolith adsorbent in a capillary coupled to a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) system. The freeze-dried samples were subjected to an ultrasonication with hexane, followed by vortex mixing. The liquid extract was quantitatively determined by a direct application to an online silica monolith capillary adsorbent coupled with a gas chromatograph with mass spectrometric detection. Method validation in seafood matrix gave recoveries of 72.8-85.4% and a detection limit of 6.8-10.0 ng g(-1) for bivalve samples. Reusability of the monolith capillary for trapping coextracted matrix was up to six times, allowing high-throughput analysis at the parts per billion level. When compared with the Food and Environment Research Agency (FERA) method, no significant difference in the result was observed, confirming the method was valid and applicable for the routine analysis of phthalates in seafood samples for food and environmental laboratories.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Kasetsart University , P.O. Box 1011 Chatuchak, Bangkok 10903, Thailand.|Department of Veterinary Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Technology, Kasetsart University , Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand.
authors.forename: Wimonrut
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Insuan
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Kasetsart University , P.O. Box 1011 Chatuchak, Bangkok 10903, Thailand.|The Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University , P.O. Box 1011 Chatuchak, Bangkok 10903, Thailand.
authors.forename: Phatchara
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Khawmodjod
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Kasetsart University , P.O. Box 1011 Chatuchak, Bangkok 10903, Thailand.|Haute Ecole Arc Ingénierie, University of Applied Sciences of Western Switzerland (HES-SO) , Eplatures-Grise 17, CH-2300 La Chaux-de-Fonds, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Harry J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Whitlow
authors.affiliation: Environmental Research and Training Center, Department of Environmental Quality Promotion, Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment, Technopolis , Klongluang, Pathumtani 12120, Thailand.
authors.forename: Peerapong
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Soonthondecha
authors.affiliation: Environmental Research and Training Center, Department of Environmental Quality Promotion, Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment, Technopolis , Klongluang, Pathumtani 12120, Thailand.
authors.forename: Fairda
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Malem
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Kasetsart University , P.O. Box 1011 Chatuchak, Bangkok 10903, Thailand.|The Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University , P.O. Box 1011 Chatuchak, Bangkok 10903, Thailand.
authors.forename: Orapin
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Chienthavorn
mesh_terms: D003365:Costs and Cost Analysis; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry / Q000295:instrumentation*; D057166:High-Throughput Screening Assays / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods*; D010795:Phthalic Acids / Q000032:analysis*; D017747:Seafood / Q000032:analysis*; D014835:Volatilization
chemical_list: D010795:Phthalic Acids
keywords: GC-MS; adsorbent; extraction; gas chromatograph; monolith; phthalate ester