title: Adaptive response to chronic mild ethanol stress involves ROS, sirtuins and changes in chromosome dosage in wine yeasts.
abstract: Industrial yeast strains of economic importance used in winemaking and beer production are genomically diverse and subjected to harsh environmental conditions during fermentation. In the present study, we investigated wine yeast adaptation to chronic mild alcohol stress when cells were cultured for 100 generations in the presence of non-cytotoxic ethanol concentration. Ethanol-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) and superoxide signals promoted growth rate during passages that was accompanied by increased expression of sirtuin proteins, Sir1, Sir2 and Sir3, and DNA-binding transcription regulator Rap1. Genome-wide array-CGH analysis revealed that yeast genome was shaped during passages. The gains of chromosomes I, III and VI and significant changes in the gene copy number in nine functional gene categories involved in metabolic processes and stress responses were observed. Ethanol-mediated gains of YRF1 and CUP1 genes were the most accented. Ethanol also induced nucleolus fragmentation that confirms that nucleolus is a stress sensor in yeasts. Taken together, we postulate that wine yeasts of different origin may adapt to mild alcohol stress by shifts in intracellular redox state promoting growth capacity, upregulation of key regulators of longevity, namely sirtuins and changes in the dosage of genes involved in the telomere maintenance and ion detoxification.
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics, University of Rzeszow, Rejtana, Rzeszow, Poland.
authors.forename: Jagoda
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Adamczyk
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics, University of Rzeszow, Rejtana, Rzeszow, Poland.|Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Deregowska
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Marek
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Skoneczny
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Mutagenesis and DNA Repair, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Adrianna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Skoneczna
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics, University of Rzeszow, Rejtana, Rzeszow, Poland.
authors.forename: Aleksandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kwiatkowska
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics, University of Rzeszow, Rejtana, Rzeszow, Poland.
authors.forename: Leszek
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Potocki
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics, University of Rzeszow, Rejtana, Rzeszow, Poland.
authors.forename: Ewa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Rawska
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics, University of Rzeszow, Rejtana, Rzeszow, Poland.
authors.forename: Sylwia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pabian
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics, University of Rzeszow, Rejtana, Rzeszow, Poland.
authors.forename: Jakub
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kaplan
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Rzeszow, Rzeszow, Poland.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lewinska
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics, University of Rzeszow, Rejtana, Rzeszow, Poland.
authors.forename: Maciej
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wnuk
mesh_terms: D000220:Adaptation, Biological / Q000187:drug effects*; D001515:Beer; D002466:Cell Nucleolus / Q000187:drug effects; D015825:Chromosomes, Fungal / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics*; D055028:Comparative Genomic Hybridization; D000431:Ethanol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005285:Fermentation / Q000502:physiology*; D019649:Food Industry; D018628:Gene Dosage; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism*; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000502:physiology*; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D000089804:Shelterin Complex; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D038281:Silent Information Regulator Proteins, Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000378:metabolism; D056565:Sirtuin 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D037761:Sirtuins; D059505:Telomere Homeostasis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D034501:Telomere-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D014920:Wine
chemical_list: C440829:RAP1 protein, S cerevisiae; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; C084121:SIR1 protein, S cerevisiae; C084122:SIR3 protein, S cerevisiae; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins; D000089804:Shelterin Complex; D038281:Silent Information Regulator Proteins, Saccharomyces cerevisiae; D034501:Telomere-Binding Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors; D000431:Ethanol; C087778:SIR2 protein, S cerevisiae; D056565:Sirtuin 2; D037761:Sirtuins
keywords: Gerotarget; array-CGH; ethanol; genome; sirtuins; wine yeasts