title: Crossover Inhibition Generates Sustained Visual Responses in the Inner Retina.
abstract: In daylight, the input to the retinal circuit is provided primarily by cone photoreceptors acting as band-pass filters, but the retinal output also contains neuronal populations transmitting sustained signals. Using in vivo imaging of genetically encoded calcium reporters, we investigated the circuits that generate these sustained channels within the inner retina of zebrafish. In OFF bipolar cells, sustained transmission was found to depend on crossover inhibition from the ON pathway through GABAergic amacrine cells. In ON bipolar cells, the amplitude of low-frequency signals was regulated by glycinergic amacrine cells, while GABAergic inhibition regulated the gain of band-pass signals. We also provide the first functional description of a subset of sustained ON bipolar cells in which synaptic activity was suppressed by fluctuations at frequencies above ∼0.2 Hz. These results map out the basic circuitry by which the inner retina generates sustained visual signals and describes a new function of crossover inhibition.
authors.affiliation: MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, UK.
authors.forename: Juliana M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Rosa
authors.affiliation: MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, UK.
authors.forename: Sabine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ruehle
authors.affiliation: MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, UK.
authors.forename: Huayu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.affiliation: MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, UK; School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9QG, UK. Electronic address: l.lagnado@sussex.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Leon
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lagnado
mesh_terms: D025042:Amacrine Cells / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D059330:GABAergic Neurons / Q000502:physiology; D005998:Glycine / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D009433:Neural Inhibition / Q000502:physiology*; D010775:Photic Stimulation; D012160:Retina / Q000502:physiology*; D051245:Retinal Bipolar Cells / Q000502:physiology*; D009435:Synaptic Transmission / Q000502:physiology; D014785:Vision, Ocular / Q000502:physiology*; D015027:Zebrafish
chemical_list: D005998:Glycine