title: Spectral Measures of Hoarseness in Persons with Hyperfunctional Voice Disorder.
abstract: The purpose of the present investigation was to understand the spectral differences between individuals with hyperfunctional voice disorders and subjects with normal voice in terms of H1-H2, H1-A1, H1-A2, and H1-A3 (H1, first harmonic amplitude; H2, second harmonic amplitude; A1, amplitude of the most robust harmonic in the region of first formant frequency; A2, amplitude of the strongest harmonic component in the region of second formant frequency; A3, amplitude of the most robust harmonic component in the region of third formant frequency).
  
  
  METHODS
  This study is a standard group comparison.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two groups of subjects were recruited for the study. Group 1 subjects were diagnosed with hyperfunctional voice disorder secondary to either vocal fold nodule, polyps, or edema, and group 2 subjects had clinically normal voice. Voice recordings of all the participants were collected, and their spectrum was analyzed. Further, the amplitudes from the spectrum were investigated, and the vowel harmonic amplitude differences namely H1-H2, H1-A1, H1-A2, and H1-A3 were calculated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The significant effect of groups on all the spectral measures was noted. Individuals with hyperfunctional voice disorders showed a significantly higher amplitude difference, indicating higher spectral noise and breathiness as a result of laryngeal pathology.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present investigation strongly recommends the spectral measures as a quantitative acoustic index of measuring hoarseness. Supplementary researches on this regard would be helpful in differentiating and better quantifying a breathy voice from a modal voice.
authors.affiliation: Department of Speech and Language Pathology, JSS Institute of Speech and Hearing, JSS Hospital, Mysore, Karnataka, India. Electronic address: narasimhanslp@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Narasimhan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: S V
authors.affiliation: Department of Audiology, JSS Institute of Speech and Hearing, JSS Hospital, Mysore, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: Vishal
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: K
mesh_terms: D000162:Acoustics; D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007830:Larynx / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013018:Sound Spectrography; D014832:Voice Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D014833:Voice Quality; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Breathiness; Hoarseness; Spectral measures; Spectral noise; Vowel harmonic amplitude differences