title: Patent blue V and indocyanine green for fluorescence microimaging of human peritoneal carcinomatosis using probe-based confocal laser endomicroscopy.
abstract: Peritoneal carcinomatosis is a metastatic stage aggravating abdominal and pelvic cancer dissemination. The preoperative evaluation of lesions remains difficult today. Probe-based confocal laser endomicroscopy (pCLE) provides dynamic images of tissue architecture and cellular details. This technology allows in vivo histological interpretation of tissue. The main limitation of pCLE for adoption in the clinic is the unavailability of fluorescent contrast agents. The aim of our study was to evaluate the staining performance of indocyanine green and patent blue V for histological diagnosis of pCLE images of pathological and non-pathological peritoneal tissue.
  
  
  
  We performed a correlative study with the histological gold standard on ex vivo human specimens from 25 patients operated for peritoneal carcinomatosis; 70 specimens were stained by topical application with ICG or patent blue V and then imaged with a probe-based confocal laser endomicroscope. A total of 350 pCLE images and 70 corresponding histological sections were randomly and blindly interpreted by two pathologists (PT1 and PT2). The images were first classified into two categories, tumoral versus non-tumoral, and a refined histological diagnosis was then given.
  
  
  
  All presented images were interpreted by PT1 (who received prior training on PCLE image reading) and PT2 (no training). 100 % sensitivity for PT1 and PT2 was noticed with tissues stained with ICG to differentiate tumoral and non-tumoral tissue. Global scores were always better for PT1 (major concordance between 86 and 94 %) than for PT2 (major concordance between 77 and 89 %) independently of the fluorescent dye when histological diagnosis was done on pCLE images.
  
  
  
  In conclusion, the pair ICG-pCLE offers the best combination for a non-trained pathologist for the interpretation of pCLE images from peritoneum.
authors.affiliation: Gustave Roussy, Imaging and Cytometry Platform, UMS AMMICa, Université Paris-Saclay, 114, Rue Edouard Vaillant, 94805, Villejuif, France. muriel.abbaci@gustaveroussy.fr.|IR4M, CNRS, Univ. Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 94805, Villejuif, France. muriel.abbaci@gustaveroussy.fr.
authors.forename: Muriel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Abbaci
authors.affiliation: Gustave Roussy, Department of Pathology, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France.
authors.forename: Peggy
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Dartigues
authors.affiliation: Gustave Roussy, Imaging and Cytometry Platform, UMS AMMICa, Université Paris-Saclay, 114, Rue Edouard Vaillant, 94805, Villejuif, France.|IR4M, CNRS, Univ. Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 94805, Villejuif, France.
authors.forename: Frederic
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: De Leeuw
authors.affiliation: Gustave Roussy, Department of Pathology, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France.
authors.forename: Ranya
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Soufan
authors.affiliation: Gustave Roussy, Department of Pathology, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France.
authors.forename: Monique
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fabre
authors.affiliation: Gustave Roussy, Imaging and Cytometry Platform, UMS AMMICa, Université Paris-Saclay, 114, Rue Edouard Vaillant, 94805, Villejuif, France. corinne.laplace@gustaveroussy.fr.|IR4M, CNRS, Univ. Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 94805, Villejuif, France. corinne.laplace@gustaveroussy.fr.
authors.forename: Corinne
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Laplace-Builhé
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D005453:Fluorescence; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006801:Humans; D007208:Indocyanine Green / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008297:Male; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal / Q000379:methods; D008866:Microsurgery; D010534:Peritoneal Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D012394:Rosaniline Dyes / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D012394:Rosaniline Dyes; C008769:sulfan blue; D007208:Indocyanine Green
keywords: Endomicroscopy; Fluorescence; Indocyanine green; Optical biopsy; Patent blue V; Peritoneal carcinomatosis