title: Recruiting unmotivated smokers into a smoking induction trial.
abstract: Little is known about effective methods to recruit unmotivated smokers into cessation induction trials, the reasons unmotivated smokers agree to participate, and the impact of those reasons on study outcomes. A mixed-method approach was used to examine recruitment data from a randomized controlled cessation induction trial that enrolled 255 adult smokers with low motivation to quit. Over 15 months, 33% of smokers who inquired about the study were enrolled. Common recruitment methods included word-of-mouth, print advertisements and clinic referrals. Frequently mentioned reasons for participating included to: gain financial incentives (44.7%), learn about research or help others quit (43%), learn about smoking and risks (40%) and help with future quits (i.e. Quit Assistance, 23.9%). Separate regression models predicting study outcomes at 26 weeks indicated that smokers who said they participated for Quit Assistance reported higher motivation to quit (B 1.26) and were more likely to have made a quit attempt (OR 2.03) compared to those not mentioning this reason, when baseline characteristics were controlled. Understanding reasons for unmotivated smokers' interest in treatment can help practitioners and researchers design effective strategies to engage this population.
authors.affiliation: School of Public and Community Health Sciences, The University of Montana, 32 Campus Drive, Skaggs Rm 352, Missoula, MT 59812 kari.harris@mso.umt.edu.
authors.forename: Kari Jo
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Harris
authors.affiliation: Division of Health Services and Outcomes Research, Children's Mercy Hospitals and Clinics; Schools of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, 2401 Gillham Road, Kansas City, MO 64108.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bradley-Ewing
authors.affiliation: Division of Health Services and Outcomes Research, Children's Mercy Hospitals and Clinics; Schools of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, 2401 Gillham Road, Kansas City, MO 64108.
authors.forename: Kathy
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Goggin
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine & Public Health, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, MS 1008, 4004 Robinson, Kansas City, KS 66160.
authors.forename: Kimber P
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Richter
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW Rochester, MN 55905.
authors.forename: Christi
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Patten
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, University of Missouri-Kanas City School of Medicine, 2411 Holmes Street, Kansas City, MO 64108.
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.affiliation: Interdisciplinary Arts and Sciences, University of Washington Tacoma, Tacoma, WA 98402.
authors.forename: Hyoung S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Children's Mercy Hospitals and Clinics and University of Missouri-Kansas City, 2401 Gillham Road, Kansas City, MO 64108 and.
authors.forename: Vincent S
authors.initials: VS
authors.lastname: Staggs
authors.affiliation: Children's Mercy Hospitals and Clinics, Center for Children's Healthy Lifestyles & Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of Missouri-Kansas City, 2401 Gillham Road, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA.
authors.forename: Delwyn
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Catley
mesh_terms: D000329:Advertising; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009042:Motivation; D018579:Patient Selection; D012017:Referral and Consultation; D016540:Smoking Cessation / Q000379:methods* / Q000523:psychology