title: Smoking and Hand Dermatitis in the United States Adult Population.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hand dermatitis is a common chronic relapsing skin disease resulting from a variety of causes, including endogenous predisposition and environmental exposures to irritants and allergens. Lifestyle factors such as smoking have been implicated in hand dermatitis.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the association between tobacco exposure and hand dermatitis using the 2003~2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were retrieved and analyzed from 1,301 participants, aged 20~59 years, from the 2003~2004 NHANES questionnaire study who completed health examination and blood tests. Diagnosis of hand dermatitis was based on standardized photographs of the dorsal and palmar views of the hands read by two dermatologists.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 38 diagnosed cases of active hand dermatitis out of the 1,301 study participants (2.9%). Heavy smokers (>15 g tobacco daily) were 5.11 times more likely to have active hand dermatitis (odds ratio [OR], 5.11; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.39~18.88; p=0.014). Those with serum cotinine >3 ng/ml were also more likely to have active hand dermatitis, compared with those with serum cotinine ≤3 ng/ml (OR, 2.50; 95% CI, 1.26~4.95; p=0.007). After adjusting for confounding factors such as age, atopic diathesis, occupational groups, and physical activity, the association between tobacco exposure and active hand dermatitis remained significant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Smoking has a significant association with the presence of active hand dermatitis. It is important to consider smoking cessation as part of management of hand dermatitis.
authors.affiliation: Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Yi Chun
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Lai
authors.affiliation: Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA.; National Skin Centre, Singapore, Singapore.
authors.forename: Yik Weng
authors.initials: YW
authors.lastname: Yew
keywords: Dermatitis; Eczema; Epidemiology; Smoking