title: Verbal Memory in Parkinson's Disease: A Combined DTI and fMRI Study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  While significant progress has been made to determine the functional role of specific gray matter areas underlying verbal memory in Parkinson's disease (PD), very little is known about the relationship between these regions and their underlying white matter structures.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The objectives of this study were (1) to investigate verbal memory, fractional anisotropy and brain activation differences between PD patients and healthy controls (HC), (2) to explore the neuroanatomical and neurofunctional correlates of verbal memory in PD, and (3) to investigate the relationship between these neuroanatomical and neurofunctional verbal memory correlates in PD.
  
  
  METHODS
  Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) while performing a verbal memory paradigm and diffusion tensor imaging data (DTI), were acquired in 37 PD patients and 15 age-, sex-, and education-matched HC.
  
  
  RESULTS
  PD patients showed verbal recognition memory impairment, lower fractional anisotropy in the anterior cingulate tract, and lower brain activation in the inferior orbitofrontal cortex compared to HC. Brain activation in the inferior orbitofrontal cortex correlated significantly with verbal recognition memory impairment in PD patients. In addition, a relationship between brain activation in the inferior orbitofrontal cortex and fractional anisotropy of the uncinate fasciculus was found in PD.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results reveal that deficits in verbal memory in PD are accompanied by functional brain activation changes, but also have specific structural correlates related to white matter microstructural integrity.
authors.forename: Olaia
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Lucas-Jiménez
authors.forename: María
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Díez-Cirarda
authors.forename: Natalia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ojedaa
authors.forename: Javier
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Peña
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cabrera-Zubizarreta
authors.forename: Naroa
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ibarretxe-Bilbao
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D056324:Diffusion Tensor Imaging / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008569:Memory Disorders / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D008875:Middle Aged; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D017397:Prefrontal Cortex / Q000503:physiopathology*; D021641:Recognition, Psychology / Q000502:physiology; D014706:Verbal Learning / Q000502:physiology; D066127:White Matter / Q000473:pathology*