title: Immunological Aspects of Hypertension.
abstract: Hypertension is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, being the major risk factor for stroke, heart failure and kidney diseases. During past decades, several therapies have been developed to afford an optimal regulation of blood pressure levels. However, the prevalence of uncontrolled hypertension still represents an unsolved problem, with a number of patients resistant as well to all ongoing antihypertensive treatments, raising unsolved mechanistic challenges. In the last years, the most attractive novelty in hypertension research postulated that immune system may have a crucial role in blood pressure elevation, as well as in end-organ damage. Here we briefly review the most important contribution revealing the role of innate and adaptive immune system in hypertension. Moreover, we discuss evidence showing that, in the regulation of body hemodynamics, the immune system and the autonomic nervous systems serve as two major sensory organs whose interaction is crucial for blood pressure increase and target organ damage in hypertension.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.|Department of Angiocardioneurology and Translational Medicine, IRCCS Neuromed, 86077, Pozzilli (IS), Italy.
authors.forename: Daniela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Carnevale
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy. lembo@neuromed.it.|Department of Angiocardioneurology and Translational Medicine, IRCCS Neuromed, 86077, Pozzilli (IS), Italy. lembo@neuromed.it.
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lembo
mesh_terms: D056704:Adaptive Immunity; D000818:Animals; D001341:Autonomic Nervous System / Q000276:immunology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000276:immunology*; D002319:Cardiovascular System / Q000294:innervation*; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000276:immunology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D015213:Neuroimmunomodulation; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology
keywords: Hypertension; Neuroimmune interactions; PlGF; T cells