title: Controlling the Formation of Nanocavities in Kirkendall Nanoobjects through Sequential Thermal Ex Situ Oxidation and In Situ Reduction Reactions.
abstract: Controlling the porosity, the shape, and the morphology of Kirkendall hollow nanostructures is the key factor to tune the properties of these tailor-made nanomaterials which allow in turn broadening their applications. It is shown that by applying a continuous oxidation to copper nanowires following a temperature ramp protocol, one can synthesize cuprous oxide nanotubes containing periodic copper nanoparticles. A further oxidation of such nanoobjects allows obtaining cupric oxide nanotubes with a bamboo-like structure. On the other hand, by applying a sequential oxidation and reduction reactions to copper nanowires, one can synthesize hollow nanoobjects with complex shapes and morphologies that cannot be obtained using the Kirkendall effect alone, such as necklace-like cuprous oxide nanotubes, periodic solid copper nanoparticles or hollow cuprous oxide nanospheres interconnected with single crystal cuprous oxide nanorods, and aligned and periodic hollow nanospheres embedded in a cuprous oxide nanotube. The strategy demonstrated in this study opens new avenues for the engineering of hollow nanostructures with potential applications in gas sensing, catalysis, and energy storage.
authors.affiliation: Institut des Matériaux Jean Rouxel, IMN, Université de Nantes, CNRS, 2 rue de la Houssinière B.P. 32229, 44322, Nantes Cedex 3, France.
authors.forename: Abdel-Aziz El
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Mel
authors.affiliation: Institut des Matériaux Jean Rouxel, IMN, Université de Nantes, CNRS, 2 rue de la Houssinière B.P. 32229, 44322, Nantes Cedex 3, France.
authors.forename: Pierre-Yves
authors.initials: PY
authors.lastname: Tessier
authors.affiliation: Qatar Environment and Energy Research Institute (QEERI), Hamad Ben Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar.
authors.forename: Marie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Buffiere
authors.affiliation: Institut des Matériaux Jean Rouxel, IMN, Université de Nantes, CNRS, 2 rue de la Houssinière B.P. 32229, 44322, Nantes Cedex 3, France.
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gautron
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ, 07030, USA.
authors.forename: JunJun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ, 07030, USA.
authors.forename: Ke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Du
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ, 07030, USA.
authors.forename: Chang-Hwan
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Chimie des Interactions Plasma-Surface (ChIPS), CIRMAP, Research Institute for Materials Science and Engineering, University of Mons, 23 Place du Parc, B-7000, Mons, Belgium.
authors.forename: Stephanos
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Konstantinidis
authors.affiliation: Chimie des Interactions Plasma-Surface (ChIPS), CIRMAP, Research Institute for Materials Science and Engineering, University of Mons, 23 Place du Parc, B-7000, Mons, Belgium.
authors.forename: Rony
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Snyders
authors.affiliation: Chimie des Interactions Plasma-Surface (ChIPS), CIRMAP, Research Institute for Materials Science and Engineering, University of Mons, 23 Place du Parc, B-7000, Mons, Belgium.
authors.forename: Carla
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bittencourt
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials- and Geosciences, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 2, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany.
authors.forename: Leopoldo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Molina-Luna
keywords: Kirkendall effect; hollow nanostructures; in situ TEM; oxidation; reduction