title: A novel beam optics concept in a particle therapy gantry utilizing the advantages of superconducting magnets.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A first order design of the beam optics of a superconducting proton therapy gantry beam is presented. The possibilities of superconducting magnets with respect to the beam optics such as strong fields, large apertures and superposition of different multipole fields have been exploited for novel concepts in a gantry. Since various techniques used in existing gantries have been used in our first design steps, some examples of the existing superconducting gantry designs are described and the necessary requirements of such a gantry are explained.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study of a gantry beam optics design is based on superconducting combined function magnets. The simulations have been performed in first order with the conventional beam transport codes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The superposition of strong dipole and quadrupole fields generated by superconducting magnets enables the introduction of locally achromatic bending sections without increasing the gantry size. A rigorous implementation of such beam optics concepts into the proposed gantry design dramatically increases the momentum acceptance compared to gantries with normal conducting magnets. In our design this large acceptance has been exploited by the implementation of a degrader within the gantry and a potential possibility to use the same magnetic field for all energies used in a treatment, so that the superconducting magnets do not have to vary their fields during a treatment. This also enables very fast beam energy changes, which is beneficial for spreading the Bragg peak over the thickness of the tumor.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results show an improvement of its momentum acceptance. Large momentum acceptance in the gantry creates a possibility to implement faster dose application techniques.
authors.affiliation: Paul Scherrer Institute, Switzerland. Electronic address: alexander.gerbershagen@psi.ch.
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gerbershagen
authors.affiliation: Paul Scherrer Institute, Switzerland.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Meer
authors.affiliation: Paul Scherrer Institute, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Jacobus Maarten
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Schippers
authors.affiliation: Paul Scherrer Institute, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Mike
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Seidel
mesh_terms: D017076:Computer-Aided Design; D004867:Equipment Design; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis; D059346:Magnets; D055096:Optical Devices; D061766:Proton Therapy / Q000295:instrumentation*; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage; D011880:Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D012542:Scattering, Radiation; D000072176:Superconductivity; D011522:Protons
chemical_list: D011522:Protons
keywords: Gantry; Proton therapy; Protonentherapie; Strahloptik; beam optics; gantry; superconducting; supraleitend