title: Does classroom-based crew resource management training have an effect on attitudes between doctors and nurses?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate participant reactions and attitudes to crew resource management teamwork classroom-based training by comparing Likert responses before and after the intervention and exploring potential differences in attitudes across the different healthcare professionals.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between 26 January and 27 March, 2015, a randomly selected sample of 240 frontline healthcare professionals offering direct patient care were recruited to undergo a 4-hour crew resource management classroom-based training programme. Participants were asked to complete a 22-item human factors attitude survey before and after training and a 10-item end-of-programme evaluation. Paired samples t-test was used to assess differences between the participants' pretest and posttest scores on each item.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 167 (70%) from 17 different specialties underwent the training and 164 (68.3%) completed (139 nurses, 25 doctors) the survey. The nurses were of similar age to the doctors (38.2 vs 36.9, p=0.83) and were more likely to be women (75.6% vs 24.6%, p <0.001). Human factors attitude survey findings indicated that nurses valued the experience highly compared to doctors. The responses among the nurses revealed significant attitude shifts (p <0.05) in 20 of the 22 items whereas this was the case only for 9 items among the doctors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Overall, the crew resource management classroom-based training programme appeared to have a positive effect on frontline healthcare professionals' attitudes. The implementation of such programme is feasible and acceptable, especially for nurses, in a public hospital setting in Hong Kong.
authors.affiliation: Multidisciplinary Simulation and Skills Centre, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong.
authors.forename: Christina K W
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.affiliation: Multidisciplinary Simulation and Skills Centre, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong.
authors.forename: Hang-kwong
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: So
authors.affiliation: Multidisciplinary Simulation and Skills Centre, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong.
authors.forename: Wing-yiu
authors.initials: WY
authors.lastname: Ng
authors.affiliation: Department of Quality and Safety, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong.
authors.forename: Pei-kei
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong.
authors.forename: Wai-ling
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: Accident and Emergency Department, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong.
authors.forename: Kin-ling
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.affiliation: Multidisciplinary Simulation and Skills Centre, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong.
authors.forename: Siu-ha
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Leung
authors.affiliation: Multidisciplinary Simulation and Skills Centre, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong.
authors.forename: Lap-yin
authors.initials: LY
authors.lastname: Ho
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D005260:Female; D006723:Hong Kong; D006801:Humans; D007318:Inservice Training / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D009726:Nurses / Q000458:organization & administration* / Q000523:psychology; D010348:Patient Care Team / Q000458:organization & administration*; D010820:Physicians / Q000458:organization & administration* / Q000523:psychology; D016730:Program Development; D015397:Program Evaluation; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: CRM; Patient safety; crew resource management; healthcare; teamwork