title: One carbon metabolism and bone homeostasis and remodeling: A review of experimental research and population studies.
abstract: Homocysteine (HCY) is a degradation product of the methionine pathway. The B vitamins, in particular vitamin B12 and folate, are the primary nutritional determinant of HCY levels and therefore their deficiencies result in hyperhomocysteinaemia (HHCY). Prevalence of hyperhomocysteinemia (HHCY) and related dietary deficiencies in B vitamins and folate increase with age and have been related to osteoporosis and abnormal development of epiphyseal cartilage and bone in rodents. Here we provide a review of experimental and population studies. The negative effects of HHCY and/or B vitamins and folate deficiencies on bone formation and remodeling are documented by cell models, including primary osteoblasts, osteoclast and bone progenitor cells as well as by animal and human studies. However, underlying pathophysiological mechanisms are complex and remain poorly understood. Whether these associations are the direct consequences of impaired one carbon metabolism is not clarified and more studies are still needed to translate these findings to human population. To date, the evidence is limited and somewhat conflicting, however further trials in groups most vulnerable to impaired one carbon metabolism are required.
authors.affiliation: INSERM U954, Nutrition Génétique et Exposition aux Risques Environnementaux, Medical Faculty, University of Lorraine and Regional University Hospital Center of Nancy, Vandœuvre les Nancy, France. Electronic address: eva.feigerlova@fulbrightmail.org.
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Feigerlova
authors.affiliation: INSERM U954, Nutrition Génétique et Exposition aux Risques Environnementaux, Medical Faculty, University of Lorraine and Regional University Hospital Center of Nancy, Vandœuvre les Nancy, France; Division of Endocrinology, Regional University Hospital Center of Nancy, Vandœuvre les Nancy, France.
authors.forename: Lea
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Demarquet
authors.affiliation: INSERM U954, Nutrition Génétique et Exposition aux Risques Environnementaux, Medical Faculty, University of Lorraine and Regional University Hospital Center of Nancy, Vandœuvre les Nancy, France. Electronic address: jean-louis.gueant@univ-lorraine.fr.
authors.forename: Jean-Louis
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Guéant
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016723:Bone Remodeling; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D002244:Carbon / Q000378:metabolism*; D005492:Folic Acid / Q000378:metabolism*; D006706:Homeostasis; D006710:Homocysteine / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D020138:Hyperhomocysteinemia / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D010010:Osteoclasts / Q000378:metabolism*; D014805:Vitamin B 12 / Q000378:metabolism*; D014804:Vitamin B Deficiency / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D006710:Homocysteine; D002244:Carbon; D005492:Folic Acid; D014805:Vitamin B 12
keywords: Bone; Folate; Homocysteine; One carbon metabolism; Vitamin B12