title: Safety of Percutaneous Biopsy for Hepatic Angiosarcoma: Results of a Multicenter Korean Survey.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the incidence of severe bleeding and mortality associated with percutaneous biopsy for hepatic angiosarcoma in a multicenter retrospective cohort.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective review of 33 patients with biopsy-proven hepatic angiosarcoma (29 male; median age, 57 y; age range, 24-96 y) was performed at seven tertiary academic hospitals between January 1998 and March 2015. The mean maximum tumor size was 5.5 cm (range, 1.7-20 cm). An 18-gauge automated cutting biopsy needle was used with a freehand technique in all patients who underwent ultrasonography-guided percutaneous core needle biopsy on an inpatient basis. The incidences of severe bleeding and procedure-related mortality were evaluated per Society of Interventional Radiology (SIR) guidelines.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was a mean of 2.8 needle passes per patient during the procedure (range, 1-6). The overall incidence of severe bleeding events (SIR grade C/D) was 9.1% (3 of 33). Two patients were managed with blood transfusion, and one patient underwent embolization for bleeding control. No other major complications were encountered. There were no cases of mortality associated with the biopsy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Severe bleeding was not a frequent complication after percutaneous biopsy for hepatic angiosarcoma. The majority of bleeding complications could be controlled with conservative management.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine; Seoul.
authors.forename: Tae Wook
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine; Seoul. Electronic address: leeminwoo0@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Min Woo
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine; Seoul.
authors.forename: Dongil
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Yonsei Medical Center, Yonsei University School of Medicine; Seoul.
authors.forename: Chansik
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: An
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Yonsei Medical Center, Yonsei University School of Medicine; Seoul.
authors.forename: Myeong-Jin
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine; Seoul.
authors.forename: Ijin
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Joo
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul.
authors.forename: So Jung
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Hanyang University School of Medicine; Busan, Korea.
authors.forename: Sanghyeok
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Kosin University Gospel Hospital, Kosin University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea.
authors.forename: Jung Gu
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University School of Medicine, Gyeonggi, Korea.
authors.forename: Jung Wook
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Seo
authors.affiliation: Biostatics and Clinical Epidemiology Center, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine; Seoul.
authors.forename: Sin-Ho
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Jung
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D062005:Biopsy, Large-Core Needle / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods* / Q000401:mortality; D038524:Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D005260:Female; D019538:Health Care Surveys; D006394:Hemangiosarcoma / Q000473:pathology*; D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000401:mortality; D006785:Hospitals, University; D006801:Humans; D061705:Image-Guided Biopsy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods* / Q000401:mortality; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D015994:Incidence; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D056910:Republic of Korea / Q000453:epidemiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D018084:Ultrasonography, Interventional / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000401:mortality; D055815:Young Adult