title: Investigation of the soluble metals in tissue as biological response pattern to environmental pollutants (Gammarus fossarum example).
abstract: In the present study, Gammarus fossarum was used to investigate the bioaccumulation and toxic effects of aquatic pollutants in the real environmental conditions. The novelty of the study is the evaluation of soluble tissue metal concentrations in gammarids as indicators in early assessment of metal exposure. In the Sutla River, industrially/rurally/agriculturally influenced catchment in North-Western Croatia, physico-chemical water properties pointed to disturbed ecological status, which was reflected on population scale as more than 50 times lower gammarid density compared to the reference location, Črnomerec Stream. Significantly higher levels of soluble toxic metals (Al, As, Cd, Pb, Sb, Sn, Sr) were observed in gammarids from the Sutla River compared to the reference site and reflected the data on higher total dissolved metal levels in the river water at that site. The soluble metal estimates were supplemented with the common multibiomarker approach, which showed significant biological responses for decreased acetylcholinesterase activity and increased total soluble protein concentrations, confirming stressed environmental conditions for biota in the Sutla River. Biomarker of metal exposure, metallothionein, was not induced and therefore, toxic effect of metals was not confirmed on molecular level. Comparable between-site pattern of soluble toxic metals in gammarids and total dissolved metal levels in water suggests that prior to biomarker response and observed toxic impact, soluble metals in tissue might be used as early warning signs of metal impact in the aquatic environment and improve the assessment of water quality.
authors.affiliation: Division for Marine and Environmental Research, "Ruđer Bošković" Institute, P.O. Box 180, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia. Electronic address: vfilip@irb.hr.
authors.forename: Vlatka
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Filipović Marijić
authors.affiliation: Division for Marine and Environmental Research, "Ruđer Bošković" Institute, P.O. Box 180, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia. Electronic address: zdragun@irb.hr.
authors.forename: Zrinka
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Dragun
authors.affiliation: Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Roosevelt trg 6, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia. Electronic address: msertic@biol.pmf.hr.
authors.forename: Mirela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sertić Perić
authors.affiliation: Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Roosevelt trg 6, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia. Electronic address: rmatonic@zg.biol.pmf.hr.
authors.forename: Renata
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Matoničkin Kepčija
authors.affiliation: PrimeVigilance Zagreb d.o.o., Oreškovićeva 20A, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia. Electronic address: vesna.gulin@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Vesna
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Gulin
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Cara Hadrijana Street 8/A, 31000, Osijek, Croatia. Electronic address: mirna.velki@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Mirna
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Velki
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Cara Hadrijana Street 8/A, 31000, Osijek, Croatia. Electronic address: sandra@biologija.unios.hr.
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ečimović
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Cara Hadrijana Street 8/A, 31000, Osijek, Croatia. Electronic address: hack@biologija.unios.hr.
authors.forename: Branimir K
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Hackenberger
authors.affiliation: Division for Marine and Environmental Research, "Ruđer Bošković" Institute, P.O. Box 180, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia. Electronic address: erk@irb.hr.
authors.forename: Marijana
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Erk
mesh_terms: D033304:Amphipoda / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D017523:Croatia; D004463:Ecology; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D000075322:Heavy Metal Poisoning; D008668:Metallothionein / Q000378:metabolism; D019216:Metals, Heavy / Q000032:analysis* / Q000633:toxicity*; D011041:Poisoning; D045483:Rivers / Q000737:chemistry; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis* / Q000633:toxicity*; D060753:Water Quality
chemical_list: D019216:Metals, Heavy; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D008668:Metallothionein
keywords: Acetylcholinesterase; Biomarkers; Contaminant exposure; Metallothionein; Total water-soluble proteins; Trace-metals