title: Food intake patterns are associated with the risk of impaired glucose and insulin homeostasis: a prospective approach in the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study.
abstract: To investigate the association of major dietary patterns with the risk of impaired glucose and insulin homeostasis during a 3-year follow-up.
  
  
  
  Fasting serum insulin (FSI), fasting (FSG) and 2 h serum glucose (2h-SG) were measured at baseline and again after 3 years. Dietary intakes were evaluated using a validated 168-item semi-quantitative FFQ and major dietary patterns were obtained using principal component analysis. Logistic regression models were used to estimate the occurrence of impaired fasting glucose (IFG), impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), pre-diabetes (IGT/IFG), β-cell dysfunction and hyperinsulinaemia across tertiles of dietary patterns, with adjustment for potential confounding variables.
  
  
  
  Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study.
  
  
  
  Iranian men and women (n 904).
  
  
  
  Mean age of participants was 38·7 (sd 11·3) years and 44·6 % were men. Major dietary patterns were Western, traditional and healthy, which explained 25·2 % of total variance in food intake. There was a positive association between Western and traditional scores with 3-year change in 2h-SG, while the healthy pattern was negatively related to 3-year changes in FSG, 2h-SG, FSI and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance. Highest compared with the lowest tertile of the Western dietary pattern was accompanied by a higher risk for development of IGT (OR=3·09; 95 % CI 1·28, 7·50); a higher score on the healthy dietary pattern was associated with a significantly reduced risk of hyperinsulinaemia (OR=0·53; 95 % CI 0·28, 0·94).
  
  
  
  Our findings showed that adherence to a Western dietary pattern may be a risk factor for the development of IGT, while a healthy dietary pattern may prevent hyperinsulinaemia.
authors.affiliation: 1Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center,Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences,Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences,Tehran,Islamic Republic of Iran.
authors.forename: Tayebeh
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Doostvandi
authors.affiliation: 1Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center,Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences,Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences,Tehran,Islamic Republic of Iran.
authors.forename: Zahra
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Bahadoran
authors.affiliation: 2Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health,Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences,Bahonar Square, Central Building, Yazd,Islamic Republic of Iran.
authors.forename: Hassan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mozaffari-Khosravi
authors.affiliation: 1Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center,Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences,Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences,Tehran,Islamic Republic of Iran.
authors.forename: Parvin
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mirmiran
authors.affiliation: 3Endocrine Research Center,Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences,Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences,Tehran,Islamic Republic of Iran.
authors.forename: Fereidoun
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Azizi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D004032:Diet; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D018149:Glucose Intolerance; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D006706:Homeostasis; D006801:Humans; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D007492:Iran; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D008055:Lipids
keywords: Dietary pattern; Impaired fasting glucose; Impaired glucose tolerance; Insulin homeostasis