title: In vitro fabrication of dental filling nanopowder by green route and its antibacterial activity against dental pathogens.
abstract: The aim of this study was to introduce novel Sn, Cu, Hg, and Ag nanopowders (NPs) and a composite nanopowder (NP) synthesized using Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge (SM) root extract as a reducing and capping agent to improve the antibacterial property of dental filling materials. All of the NPs obtained were characterized using a scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM), and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectrum imaging was performed to map the elemental distributions of the NP composite. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was performed to identify the role of various functional groups in all of the obtained NPs and the phyto-compound responsible for the reduction of various metal ions. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns clearly illustrated the crystalline phase of the synthesized NP. The antibacterial properties of the synthesized Sn, Cu, Hg, Ag, composite NP, SM root extract, and commercial amalgam powder were evaluated. The Cu, composite NP, SM root extract and Ag NP displayed excellent antibacterial activity against dental bacteria Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus acidophilus. The results of this study require further evaluation for signs of metal toxicity in appropriate animal models. However, the results are encouraging for the application of metal NPs as suitable alternatives for antibiotics and disinfectants, especially in dental filling materials.
authors.affiliation: Sunchang Research Institute of Health and Longevity, Sunchang, Jeonbuk 56015, South Korea.
authors.forename: Jeong-Ho
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Division of Biotechnology, Advanced Institute of Environment and Bioscience, College of Environmental and Bioresource Sciences, Chonbuk National University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54596, South Korea.
authors.forename: Palanivel
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Velmurugan
authors.affiliation: Division of Biotechnology, Advanced Institute of Environment and Bioscience, College of Environmental and Bioresource Sciences, Chonbuk National University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54596, South Korea.
authors.forename: Jung-Hee
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Division of Biotechnology, Advanced Institute of Environment and Bioscience, College of Environmental and Bioresource Sciences, Chonbuk National University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54596, South Korea.
authors.forename: Kui-Jae
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Oriental Medicine Resources, Advanced Institute of Environment and Bioscience, College of Environmental and Bioresource Sciences, Chonbuk National University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54596, South Korea.
authors.forename: Jong-Sik
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.affiliation: Department of Ecology Landscape Architecture - Design, College of Environmental and Bioresource Sciences, Chonbuk National University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54596, South Korea.
authors.forename: Yool-Jin
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Oriental Medicine Resources, Advanced Institute of Environment and Bioscience, College of Environmental and Bioresource Sciences, Chonbuk National University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54596, South Korea. Electronic address: ksbang@jbnu.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Keuk-Soo
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Bang
authors.affiliation: Division of Biotechnology, Advanced Institute of Environment and Bioscience, College of Environmental and Bioresource Sciences, Chonbuk National University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54596, South Korea. Electronic address: btoh@jbnu.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Byung-Taek
authors.initials: BT
authors.lastname: Oh
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D009055:Mouth / Q000382:microbiology*; D049329:Nanostructures; D011208:Powders; D013057:Spectrum Analysis / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D011208:Powders
keywords: Antibacterial; Characterization; Dental; Metal ions; Nanopowder; Salvia miltiorrhiza