title: Structural brain correlates of adolescent resilience.
abstract: Despite calls for integration of neurobiological methods into research on youth resilience (high competence despite high adversity), we know little about structural brain correlates of resilient functioning. The aim of the current study was to test for brain regions uniquely associated with positive functioning in the context of adversity, using detailed phenotypic classification.
  
  
  
  1,870 European adolescents (Mage= 14.56 years, SDage= 0.44 years, 51.5% female) underwent MRI scanning and completed behavioral and psychological measures of stressful life events, academic competence, social competence, rule-abiding conduct, personality, and alcohol use.
  
  
  
  The interaction of competence and adversity identified two regions centered on the right middle and superior frontal gyri; grey matter volumes in these regions were larger in adolescents experiencing adversity who showed positive adaptation. Differences in these regions among competence/adversity subgroups were maintained after controlling for several covariates and were robust to alternative operationalization decisions for key constructs.
  
  
  
  We demonstrate structural brain correlates of adolescent resilience, and suggest that right prefrontal structures are implicated in adaptive functioning for youth who have experienced adversity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA. Keith.Burt@uvm.edu.
authors.forename: Keith B
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: Burt
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Whelan
authors.affiliation: Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK.|Department of Psychiatry, CHU Ste Justine Hospital, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.
authors.forename: Patricia J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Conrod
authors.affiliation: Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.
authors.forename: Tobias
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Banaschewski
authors.affiliation: Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK.
authors.forename: Gareth J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Barker
authors.affiliation: Institute of Neuroscience and Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
authors.forename: Arun L W
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Bokde
authors.affiliation: Universitaetsklinikum Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Uli
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Bromberg
authors.affiliation: Universitaetsklinikum Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Büchel
authors.affiliation: Department of Addictive Behaviour and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.
authors.forename: Mira
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fauth-Bühler
authors.affiliation: Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.
authors.forename: Herta
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Flor
authors.affiliation: Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM CEA Unit 1000 'Imaging & Psychiatry', University Paris Sud, Orsay, France.|AP-HP Department of Adolescent Psychopathology and Medicine, Maison de Solenn, University Paris Descartes, Paris, France.
authors.forename: André
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Galinowski
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Juergen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gallinat
authors.affiliation: School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
authors.forename: Penny
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gowland
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Heinz
authors.affiliation: Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Braunschweig, Germany.
authors.forename: Bernd
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ittermann
authors.affiliation: Department of Addictive Behaviour and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.
authors.forename: Karl
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mann
authors.affiliation: Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.
authors.forename: Frauke
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Nees
authors.affiliation: Neurospin, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Dimitri
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Papadopoulos-Orfanos
authors.affiliation: Rotman Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.|School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.|Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada.
authors.forename: Tomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Paus
authors.affiliation: The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: Zdenka
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Pausova
authors.affiliation: Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.
authors.forename: Luise
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Poustka
authors.affiliation: Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.
authors.forename: Marcella
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rietschel
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Psychology, Behavioural and Clinical Neurosciences Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
authors.forename: Trevor W
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Robbins
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
authors.forename: Michael N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Smolka
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ströhle
authors.affiliation: Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK.|MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry (SGDP) Centre, London, UK.
authors.forename: Gunter
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Schumann
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA.|Department of Psychology, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.|Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA.
authors.forename: Hugh
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Garavan
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological / Q000502:physiology*; D000293:Adolescent; D005060:Europe; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D017397:Prefrontal Cortex / Q000502:physiology*; D055500:Resilience, Psychological; D013315:Stress, Psychological
keywords: IMAGEN study; Imaging; adolescence; adversity; competence; resilience