title: Retained enteroscopy capsule in a patient with diaphragm disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Diaphragm disease is a rare consequence of small-bowel enteropathy, and usually occurs as a result of longstanding ingestion of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. DD is characterized by multiple strictures and saccular dilatations leading to symptoms of subacute intestinal obstruction. Often, the diagnosis is made on histological examination after laparotomy and resection of diseased small bowel.
  
  
  METHODS
  Here, we report a case of an elderly female who suffered for many years from chronic, colicky abdominal pain and anaemia due to undiagnosed diaphragm disease. Eventually, she was referred to our surgical team because of a retained enteroscopy capsule. The diagnosis was made after laparotomy and bowel resection. This surgical intervention alleviated chronic symptoms, and the patient remained well at 1-year follow-up.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This case highlights the difficulty of diagnosing diaphragm disease without laparotomy and bowel resection. A high index of suspicion must be exercised in any patient with chronic, colicky abdominal pain and anaemia together with multiple strictures and saccular dilatations on computed tomography even in the absence of longstanding NSAID ingestion. Moreover, capsule enteroscopy should be avoided as a diagnostic modality of small-bowel disease if computed tomography raises the suspicion of strictures.
authors.affiliation: King Fahad Specialist Hospital , Dammam 31444 , Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: A-W N
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Meshikhes
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D053704:Capsule Endoscopy / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000295:instrumentation*; D003964:Diaphragm / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007049:Iatrogenic Disease; D007421:Intestine, Small / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery
keywords: Capsule enteroscopy; Diaphragm disease; Subacute intestinal obstruction