title: Advances in cryopreservation of organs.
abstract: Organ transplantation is an effective approach for the treatment of end-stage organ failures. Currently, the donor organs used for clinical transplantation are all preserved at above-zero temperatures. These preservation methods are well-established and simple but the storage time lasts for only 4-12 h. Some researchers tried to extend the organ storage time by improving protectant and HLA matching to raise the use of stored organs and prolong the long-term survival of organs. These efforts still fall short of the clinical demand for organ transplantation. Moreover, a great many organs were wasted due to limited storage time, HLA mismatch, patients' conditions or distance involved. Therefore, preserving organs for several weeks or even months and establishing Organ Bank are the tough challenges and have become a shared goal of global scholars. This article reviews some issues involved in the cryopreservation of organs, such as use of cryoprotecting agents, freezing and thawing methods in the cryopreservation of hearts, kidneys and other organs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical University, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
authors.forename: Di
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical University, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China. panfeng@hust.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pan
mesh_terms: D015925:Cryopreservation / Q000379:methods*; D003451:Cryoprotective Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D009926:Organ Preservation / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D003451:Cryoprotective Agents
keywords: antifreeze proteins; cryopreservation; cryoprotectant; organ preservation; organ transplantation; vitrification