title: Acute Human Inkoo and Chatanga Virus Infections, Finland.
abstract: Inkoo virus (INKV) and Chatanga virus (CHATV), which are circulating in Finland, are mosquitoborne California serogroup orthobunyaviruses that have a high seroprevalence among humans. Worldwide, INKV infection has been poorly described, and CHATV infection has been unknown. Using serum samples collected in Finland from 7,961 patients suspected of having viral neurologic disease or Puumala virus infection during the summers of 2001-2013, we analyzed the samples to detect California serogroup infections. IgM seropositivity revealed 17 acute infections, and cross-neutralization tests confirmed presence of INKV or CHATV infections. All children (<16 years of age) with INKV infection were hospitalized; adults were outpatients with mild disease, except for 1 who was hospitalized with CHATV infection. Symptoms included fever, influenza-like illness, nausea or vomiting, disorientation, nuchal rigidity, headache, drowsiness, and seizures. Although many INKV and CHATV infections appear to be subclinical, these viruses can cause more severe disease, especially in children.
authors.forename: Niina
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Putkuri
authors.forename: Anu
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kantele
authors.forename: Lev
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Levanov
authors.forename: Ilkka
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kivistö
authors.forename: Markus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Brummer-Korvenkontio
authors.forename: Antti
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vaheri
authors.forename: Olli
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Vapalahti
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000276:immunology; D002044:Bunyaviridae Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000635:transmission / Q000821:virology*; D005387:Finland / Q000453:epidemiology; D005843:Geography; D006801:Humans; D007075:Immunoglobulin M / Q000276:immunology; D015994:Incidence; D016851:Orthobunyavirus / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D011159:Population Surveillance; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016036:Seroepidemiologic Studies; D065288:Serogroup
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D007075:Immunoglobulin M
keywords: Bunyaviridae infection; California encephalitis virus group; California serogroup; Chatanga virus; Finland; Inkoo virus; arbovirus encephalitis; clinical infection; orthobunyavirus; vector-borne infections; viruses