title: Autoimmune regulator and self-tolerance - molecular and clinical aspects.
abstract: The establishment of central tolerance in the thymus is critical for avoiding deleterious autoimmune diseases. Autoimmune regulator (AIRE), the causative gene in autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type-1 (APS-1), is crucial for the establishment of self-tolerance in the thymus by promoting promiscuous expression of a wide array of tissue-restricted self-antigens. This step is critical for elimination of high-affinity self-reactive T cells from the immunological repertoire, and for the induction of a specific subset of Foxp3(+) T-regulatory (Treg ) cells. In this review, we discuss the most recent advances in our understanding of how AIRE operates on molecular and cellular levels, as well as of how its loss of function results in breakdown of self-tolerance mechanisms characterized by a broad and heterogeneous repertoire of autoimmune phenotypes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
authors.forename: Jakub
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Abramson
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.|Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.
authors.forename: Eystein S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Husebye
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001324:Autoantigens / Q000276:immunology; D015551:Autoimmunity; D061167:Central Tolerance; D060966:Clonal Selection, Antigen-Mediated; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D016884:Polyendocrinopathies, Autoimmune / Q000235:genetics*; D050378:T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory / Q000502:physiology*; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D000096927:AIRE Protein
chemical_list: D001324:Autoantigens; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors; D014157:Transcription Factors; D000096927:AIRE Protein; C418974:FOXP3 protein, human
keywords: T-regulatory cell; autoantibodies; autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type-1; autoimmune regulator; autoimmunity; medullary thymic epithelial cell