title: Association between children's forced vital capacity and long-term exposure to local ambient temperature in China: A national cross-sectional survey.
abstract: It is well documented that short-term exposure to extreme ambient temperature is associated with respiratory disorder. However, few studies have assessed the long-term effect of temperature on children's lung function. The present study aimed to investigate the association between long-term exposure to local ambient temperature and children's forced vital capacity (FVC) in China. We analyzed the FVC data of 71,768 children from the 2010 Chinese National Survey on Students' Construction and Health (CHNSCH), and local annual average ambient temperature, relative humidity, air pollutants data from China Meteorological Administration and Ministry of Environment Protection of China. Generalized additive model (GAM) with non-linear function was used to examine the effect of ambient temperature on children's FVC. The results showed that low temperature was significantly associated with decrease of FVC in Chinese children within certain temperature range while adjusting for individual characteristics, socioeconomic conditions, air pollutants and relative humidity. The largest alteration of FVC related to the annual average temperature difference among cities from 20.4°C to 4.5°C was observed, being 242.7ml (95%CI: 220.0, 265.3) decrease in FVC. The similar association was found in both physically active and inactive children, while the largest alteration of FVC related to the temperature difference reached 329.1ml (95%CI: 296.7, 361.6) in physically active children and 290.5ml (95%CI: 255.7, 325.3) in physically inactive ones. Public health policy should be developed for protecting children's respiratory health during growth and development in some areas with cold weather. Key message What is the key question? Few studies have assessed the long-term effect of temperature on children's forced vital capacity (FVC). We analyzed the Chinese national survey data to clarify the association between children's forced vital capacity and long-term exposure to local ambient temperature. What is the bottom line? Our study found that low temperature was significantly associated with decrease of forced vital capacity in children of 30 cities in China. The largest alteration of FVC related to the temperature difference from 20.4°C to 4.5°C was observed, being 242.7ml (95%CI: 220.0, 265.3) decrease in FVC. Why read on? The presented study provide some evidence about long-term effect of temperature on children's respiratory health and public health policy should be developed for protecting children from adverse effects of low temperature on their respiratory health during growth and development in some areas with cold weather.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Qin
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China. Electronic address: whjun1@bjmu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Hai-Jun
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China. Electronic address: majunt@bjmu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Jie-Yun
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
authors.forename: Yuming
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Guo
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis; D000397:Air Pollution / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012140:Respiratory Tract Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants
keywords: Children; Forced vital capacity; Long-term exposure; Temperature