title: Does air particle abrasion affect the flexural strength and phase transformation of Y-TZP? A systematic review and meta-analysis.
abstract: A systematic review was conducted to assess the effects of air-particle abrasion procedures on the mechanical strength and phase transformation of yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystal (Y-TZP).
  
  
  
  This report followed the PRISMA Statement. From 1013 eligible studies, 78 were selected for full-text analysis, from which 37 were excluded. The 41 remaining papers were included for the systematic review; hand-searching yielded three papers. The review comprised a total of 44 studies; 21 were included in the meta-analysis.
  
  
  
  Searches were performed with no publication year limit through November 2015 in PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science (Core Collection) and Scopus databases.
  
  
  
  In vitro studies evaluating the effect of air-particle abrasion protocols on the mechanical strength and/or phase transformation of Y-TZP zirconia specimens, immediately or after aging. For the meta-analysis, flexural strength data of air-particle abrasion vs. control (nonabraded) were globally and subgroup analyzed. Subgroup analyses assessed blasting parameters (particle size, pressure, or time duration) and the effect of aging. Statistical analyses were conducted using RevMan 5.1 (Cochrane Collaboration, Copenhagen, Denmark). Comparisons were performed with random-effect models at a 5% significance level. Phase transformation data were included only in the systematic review, as insufficient data were available for meta-analysis.
  
  
  
  Airborne-particle abrasion improved flexural strength of Y-TZP, regardless of abrasion parameters and the presence or lack of aging (p≤0.05). Phase transformation tended to be increased by air abrasion immediately or with up to 2h of aging. However, after aging for 12h or more, the abraded Y-TZP showed less monoclinic content than the control.
authors.affiliation: Oral Science Post Graduate Program, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Electronic address: lamadridiana@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Iana L
authors.initials: IL
authors.lastname: Aurélio
authors.affiliation: Oral Science Post Graduate Program, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Electronic address: anamarchionatti@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Ana Maria E
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Marchionatti
authors.affiliation: Oral Science Post Graduate Program, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Electronic address: animontag@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Anelise F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Montagner
authors.affiliation: Department of Restorative Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Electronic address: liligmay@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Liliana G
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: May
authors.affiliation: Department of Restorative Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Electronic address: fzovico@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Fabio Z M
authors.initials: FZ
authors.lastname: Soares
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D008422:Materials Testing; D011312:Pressure; D013499:Surface Properties; D014072:Tooth Abrasion; D015019:Yttrium; D015040:Zirconium
chemical_list: C499362:yttria stabilized tetragonal zirconia; D015019:Yttrium; D015040:Zirconium
keywords: Flexural strength; Monoclinic content; Sandblasting; Silica coating; Surface treatment; Systematic review; X-ray diffraction; Y-TZP; Yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia