title: Endoscopic ultrasound-guided placement of the lumen-apposing self-expandable metallic stent for gallbladder drainage: a promising technique.
abstract: Acute cholecystitis and other clinical problems requiring gallbladder removal or drainage have conventionally been treated with surgery, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography or percutaneous transhepatic drainage of the gallbladder and/or extrahepatic bile duct. Patients unable to undergo these procedures due to functional status or anatomical anomalies are candidates for endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided gallbladder drainage with stent placement. The aim of this review was to evaluate the technical feasibility and efficacy of EUS-guided placement of the recently developed lumen-apposing self-expandable metallic stent (LASEMS). A literature review was performed to identify the studies describing this technique. In this review article we have summarized case series or reports describing EUS-guided LASEMS placement. The indications, techniques, limitations and complications reported are discussed. A total of 78 patients were included across all studies described thus far in the literature. Studies have reported near 100% technical and clinical success rates in selected cases. No major complications were reported. EUS-guided gallbladder drainage and LASEMS placement can be a safe and effective alternative approach in the management of selected patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Mount Sinai Health Systems New York, New York (Rashmee Patil), USA.
authors.forename: Rashmee
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Patil
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Brooklyn Hospital Center Academic Affiliate of The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Clinical Affiliate of The Mount Sinai Hospital Brooklyn, New York (Mel A. Ona, Sury Anand, Sushil Duddempudi), USA.
authors.forename: Mel A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Ona
authors.affiliation: Advanced Therapeutic Endoscopy, MD Anderson Cancer Center Academic and Clinical Affiliate of the University of Texas, Houston, Texas (Charilaos Papafragkakis), USA.
authors.forename: Charilaos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Papafragkakis
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Brooklyn Hospital Center Academic Affiliate of The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Clinical Affiliate of The Mount Sinai Hospital Brooklyn, New York (Mel A. Ona, Sury Anand, Sushil Duddempudi), USA.
authors.forename: Sury
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Anand
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Brooklyn Hospital Center Academic Affiliate of The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Clinical Affiliate of The Mount Sinai Hospital Brooklyn, New York (Mel A. Ona, Sury Anand, Sushil Duddempudi), USA.
authors.forename: Sushil
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Duddempudi
keywords: AXIOS; Endoscopic ultrasound; gallbladder drainage; lumen-apposing stent