title: Potential Role of the Microbiome in Barrett's Esophagus and Esophageal Adenocarcinoma.
abstract: Esophageal adenocarcinoma and its precursor Barrett's esophagus have been rapidly increasing in incidence for half a century, for reasons not adequately explained by currently identified risk factors such as gastroesophageal reflux disease and obesity. The upper gastrointestinal microbiome may represent another potential cofactor. The distal esophagus has a distinct microbiome of predominantly oral-derived flora, which is altered in Barrett's esophagus and reflux esophagitis. Chronic low-grade inflammation or direct carcinogenesis from this altered microbiome may combine with known risk factors to promote Barrett's metaplasia and progression to adenocarcinoma.
authors.affiliation: Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, 622 W 168th Street, PH 7 W 318D, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
authors.forename: Erik J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Snider
authors.affiliation: Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, 622 W 168th Street, PH 7 W 318D, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
authors.forename: Daniel E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Freedberg
authors.affiliation: Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, 622 W 168th Street, PH 7 W 318D, New York, NY, 10032, USA. ja660@columbia.edu.
authors.forename: Julian A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Abrams
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology*; D001471:Barrett Esophagus / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology*; D064806:Dysbiosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology*; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology*; D004942:Esophagitis, Peptic / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology*; D004947:Esophagus / Q000382:microbiology*; D005764:Gastroesophageal Reflux / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology; D006801:Humans; D064307:Microbiota; D009765:Obesity / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology; D011230:Precancerous Conditions / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology*; D012307:Risk Factors
keywords: Barrett’s esophagus; Esophageal adenocarcinoma; Gastroesophageal reflux disease; Human microbiome