title: Efficacy of Combined Laparoscopic and Hysteroscopic Repair of Post-Cesarean Section Uterine Diverticulum: A Retrospective Analysis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Diverticulum, one of the long-term sequelae of cesarean section, can cause abnormal uterine bleeding and increase the risk of uterine scar rupture. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the efficacy of combined laparoscopic and hysteroscopic repair, a newly occurring method, treating post-cesarean section uterine scar diverticulum.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data relating to 40 patients with post-cesarean section uterine diverticulum who underwent combined laparoscopic and hysteroscopic repair were retrospectively analyzed. Preoperative clinical manifestations, size of uterine defects, thickness of the lower uterine segment (LUS), and duration of menstruation were compared with follow-up findings at 1, 3, and 6 months after surgery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The average preoperative length and width of uterine diverticula and thickness of the lower uterine segment were recorded and analyzed. The average durations of menstruations at 1, 3, and 6 months after surgery were significantly shorter than the preoperative one (p < 0.05), respectively. At 6 months after surgery, the overall success improvement rate of surgery was 90% (36/40). Three patients (3/40 = 7.5%) developed partial improvement, and 1/40 (2.5%) was lost to follow-up.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings showed that combined treatment with laparoscopy and hysteroscopy was an effective method for the repair of post-cesarean section uterine diverticulum.
authors.affiliation: The Third Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510145, China.
authors.forename: Cuilan
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: The Third Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510145, China.
authors.forename: Shiyan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: The Third Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510145, China.
authors.forename: Xingcheng
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: The Third Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510145, China.
authors.forename: Wanping
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: The Third Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510145, China.
authors.forename: Dong
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: The Third Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510145, China.
authors.forename: Jinguo
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhai
authors.affiliation: The Third Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510145, China.
authors.forename: Xuetang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Mo
authors.affiliation: St. Louis School, 179 Third Street, Sai Ying Pun, Hong Kong.
authors.forename: Lee Jaden Gil Yu Kang
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Zhou
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002585:Cesarean Section / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004240:Diverticulum / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015907:Hysteroscopy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014591:Uterine Diseases / Q000601:surgery*; D055815:Young Adult