title: Rapamycin causes growth arrest and inhibition of invasion in human chondrosarcoma cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Chondrosarcoma is a highly malignant tumor that is characterized by a potent capacity to invade locally and cause distant metastasis and notable for its lack of response to conventional chemotherapy or radiotherapy. Rapamycin, the inhibitor of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), is a valuable drug with diverse clinical applications and regulates many cellular processes. However, the effects of rapamycin on cell growth and invasion of human chondrosarcoma cells are not well known.
  
  
  METHODS
  We determined the effect of rapamycin on cell proliferation, cell cycle arrest and invasion by using MTS, flow cytometry and invasion assays in two human chondrosarcoma cell lines, SW1353 and JJ012. Cell cycle regulatory and invasion-related genes' expression analysis was performed by quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR). We also evaluated the effect of rapamycin on tumor growth by using mice xenograph models.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Rapamycin significantly inhibited the cell proliferation, induced cell cycle arrest and decreased the invasion ability of human chondrosarcoma cells. Meanwhile, rapamycin modulated the cell cycle regulatory and invasion-related genes' expression. Furthermore, the tumor growth of mice xenograph models with human chondrosarcoma cells was significantly inhibited by rapamycin.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results provided further insight into the role of rapamycin in chondrosarcoma. Therefore, rapamycin targeted therapy may be a potential treatment strategy for chondrosarcoma.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics, Shandong Jining No.1 People's Hospital, Jining, Shandong, 272000, China.
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Xiaobo
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Jiaxue
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001859:Bone Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000187:drug effects; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002813:Chondrosarcoma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D020123:Sirolimus / Q000494:pharmacology*; D023041:Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
chemical_list: D020123:Sirolimus