title: Bioinspired Dual Stimuli-Responsive Membranous System with Multiple On-Off Gates.
abstract: Stimuli-responsive polymers have been widely used for controlled release of several biomolecules. In general, a single stimulus among various stimuli, for instance, temperature, pH, or light, has been used for these polymers. Although some stimuli are applied together, one cannot control each stimulus independently at a given stimulus-responsive polymer. However, to mimic biological system like cell membrane, multiple on-off gates utilizing independent control of dual (or multiple) stimuli should be used. Here, we introduce a stimuli-responsive membrane controlled by two orthogonal stimuli. For this purpose, the top and the bottom parts of anodized aluminum oxide membrane walls are independently grafted by thermoresponsive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) and pH-responsive poly(acrylic acid), respectively, by using surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization. The membrane clearly showed two independent on-off gates depending on temperature and pH. Furthermore, through light irradiation of two different wavelengths (near-infrared and ultraviolet), temperature and pH were also controlled independently and promptly. Thus, this membrane shows two independent on-off gating of the transport of a model biomolecule of fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled bovine serum albumin. This strategy suggests the potential of independently modified membrane in layers as stimuli-responsive on-off gates for the application of artificial cell membrane.
authors.affiliation: National Creative Research Center for Block Copolymer Self-Assembly and Department of Chemical Engineering and ‡Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology , 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Bom-Yi
authors.initials: BY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: National Creative Research Center for Block Copolymer Self-Assembly and Department of Chemical Engineering and ‡Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology , 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Seung
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hyun
authors.affiliation: National Creative Research Center for Block Copolymer Self-Assembly and Department of Chemical Engineering and ‡Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology , 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Gumhye
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Jeon
authors.affiliation: National Creative Research Center for Block Copolymer Self-Assembly and Department of Chemical Engineering and ‡Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology , 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Eun Young
authors.initials: EY
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: National Creative Research Center for Block Copolymer Self-Assembly and Department of Chemical Engineering and ‡Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology , 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jinhwan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: National Creative Research Center for Block Copolymer Self-Assembly and Department of Chemical Engineering and ‡Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology , 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Won Jong
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: National Creative Research Center for Block Copolymer Self-Assembly and Department of Chemical Engineering and ‡Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology , 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jin Kon
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000180:Acrylic Resins; D008566:Membranes / Q000737:chemistry*; D058105:Polymerization; D011108:Polymers; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D000180:Acrylic Resins; D011108:Polymers; C052970:poly-N-isopropylacrylamide
keywords: artificial cell membrane; biomimetics; hybrid materials; on–off gating; spatiotemporal and prompt gating; stimuli-responsive materials; surface modification