title: Dissociating the neural correlates of tactile temporal order and simultaneity judgements.
abstract: Perceiving temporal relationships between sensory events is a key process for recognising dynamic environments. Temporal order judgement (TOJ) and simultaneity judgement (SJ) are used for probing this perceptual process. TOJ and SJ exhibit identical psychometric parameters. However, there is accumulating psychophysical evidence that distinguishes TOJ from SJ. Some studies have proposed that the perceptual processes for SJ (e.g., detecting successive/simultaneity) are also included in TOJ, whereas TOJ requires more processes (e.g., determination of the temporal order). Other studies have proposed two independent processes for TOJ and SJ. To identify differences in the neural activity associated with TOJ versus SJ, we performed functional magnetic resonance imaging of participants during TOJ and SJ with identical tactile stimuli. TOJ-specific activity was observed in multiple regions (e.g., left ventral and bilateral dorsal premotor cortices and left posterior parietal cortex) that overlap the general temporal prediction network for perception and motor systems. SJ-specific activation was observed only in the posterior insular cortex. Our results suggest that TOJ requires more processes than SJ and that both TOJ and SJ implement specific process components. The neural differences between TOJ and SJ thus combine features described in previous psychophysical hypotheses that proposed different mechanisms.
authors.affiliation: Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Informatics, Shizuoka University, 3-5-1 Johoku, Naka-ku, Hamamatsu, shizuoka 432-8011, Japan.|Research Institute, Kochi University of Technology, 185 Miyanokuchi, Tosayamada, Kami-city, Kochi 782-8502, Japan.
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Miyazaki
authors.affiliation: Research Institute, Kochi University of Technology, 185 Miyanokuchi, Tosayamada, Kami-city, Kochi 782-8502, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kadota
authors.affiliation: Research Institute, Kochi University of Technology, 185 Miyanokuchi, Tosayamada, Kami-city, Kochi 782-8502, Japan.
authors.forename: Kozue S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Matsuzaki
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Business and Information Sciences, Jobu University, 634-1 Toyazukamachi, Isesaki, Gumma 372-8588, Japan.
authors.forename: Shigeki
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Takeuchi
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Business and Information Sciences, Jobu University, 634-1 Toyazukamachi, Isesaki, Gumma 372-8588, Japan.
authors.forename: Hirofumi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sekiguchi
authors.affiliation: Research Institute for Time Studies, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi 753-8511, Japan.
authors.forename: Takuo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Aoyama
authors.affiliation: ATR Brain Activity Imaging Center, 2-2-2 Hikaridai, Seika-cho, Sorakugun, Kyoto 619-0288, Japan.
authors.forename: Takanori
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kochiyama
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001921:Brain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D013998:Time Perception; D055698:Touch Perception; D055815:Young Adult