title: Kinematic characteristics of the lower extremity during a simulated skiing exercise in healthy participants.
abstract: [Purpose] Currently, various simulators are produced and used for athlete's exercise, rehabilitation, and training. In this study, we analyzed the kinematic factors of sectional and total movements in healthy participants by providing group-dependent information during simulated exercise. [Subjects and Methods] Participants in this study included 26 male adults (non-experts and experts); experts held a certificate issued by the Korea Ski Instructors Association. The elapsed times in each phase, the difference in the lower extremity angles, and muscle activity were computed through analysis of kinematic factors. [Results] We observed that motions in the experts took shorter time to perform than that in non-experts, and showed larger variation of lower limb joint angle in most events during simulated skiing. There were also significant group-dependent differences in the peak and mean EMG values during simulated skiing. [Conclusion] A non-expert's posture leads to enhanced muscle activity to keep the lower body in balance. We suggest the following training guideline: initially, non-experts should maintain appropriate range of motion with lower-intensity exercise to improve muscle endurance. It can be useful in providing preliminary data for future training and rehabilitation studies, as well as improvements in muscle strength and balance.
authors.affiliation: Human-centered Interaction Laboratory, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Korea University of Technology and Education, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hyo Taek
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Therapy, Kangwon National University, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hyo Lyun
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Roh
authors.affiliation: Human-centered Interaction Laboratory, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Korea University of Technology and Education, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Yoon Sang
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Kim
keywords: Lower extremity; Muscle activity; Simulated skiing