title: Controlling equine influenza: Traditional to next generation serological assays.
abstract: Serological assays provide an indirect route for the recognition of infectious agents via the detection of antibodies against the infectious agent of interest within serum. Serological assays for equine influenza A virus can be applied for different purposes: diagnosing infections; subtyping isolates; surveillance of circulating strains; and to evaluate the efficacy of vaccines before they reach the market. Haemagglutination inhibition (HI) and single radial haemolysis (SRH) assays are most commonly used in the equine field. This review outlines how both these assays together with virus neutralization (VN) and ELISA are performed, interpreted and applied for the control of equine influenza, giving the limitations and advantages of each. The pseudotyped virus neutralization assay (PVNA) is also discussed as a promising prospect for the future of equine influenza virus serology.
authors.affiliation: Viral Pseudotype Unit, School of Pharmacy, University of Kent, Central Avenue, Chatham Maritime ME4 4TB, UK. Electronic address: rk320@kent.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Rebecca
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kinsley
authors.affiliation: Viral Pseudotype Unit, School of Pharmacy, University of Kent, Central Avenue, Chatham Maritime ME4 4TB, UK. Electronic address: S.D.Scott@kent.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Simon D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Scott
authors.affiliation: School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, UK. Electronic address: Janet.Daly@nottingham.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Janet M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Daly
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / Q000662:veterinary; D006385:Hemagglutination Inhibition Tests / Q000662:veterinary; D006734:Horse Diseases / Q000097:blood* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006736:Horses; D009500:Neutralization Tests / Q000662:veterinary; D009976:Orthomyxoviridae Infections / Q000097:blood / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000662:veterinary*; D012698:Serologic Tests / Q000662:veterinary*
keywords: Equine influenza; Neutralization assay; Serological assay