title: Candida albicans PROTEIN PROFILE CHANGES IN RESPONSE TO THE BUTANOLIC EXTRACT OF Sapindus saponariaL.
abstract: Candida albicans is an opportunistic human pathogen that is capable of causing superficial and systemic infections in immunocompromised patients. Extracts of Sapindus saponaria have been used as antimicrobial agents against various organisms. In the present study, we used a combination of two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2D-PAGE) and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) to identify the changes in protein abundance of C. albicans after exposure to the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and sub-minimal inhibitory concentration (sub-MIC) of the butanolic extract (BUTE) of S. saponaria and also to fluconazole. A total of six different proteins with greater than 1.5 fold induction or repression relative to the untreated control cells were identified among the three treatments. In general, proteins/enzymes involved with the glycolysis (GPM1, ENO1, FBA1), amino acid metabolism (ILV5, PDC11) and protein synthesis (ASC1) pathways were detected. In conclusion, our findings reveal antifungal-induced changes in protein abundance of C. albicans. By using the previously identified components of the BUTE of S. saponaria(e.g., saponins and sesquiterpene oligoglycosides), it will be possible to compare the behavior of compounds with unknown mechanisms of action, and this knowledge will help to focus the subsequent biochemical work aimed at defining the effects of these compounds.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Biomedicina, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil, drifiorini@gmail.com, eliane.martins.bettega@gmail.com, katiasibin@gmail.com, patbonfim.09@gmail.com, cristianeshinobu@gmail.com, ldghiraldi@gmail.com, paulacampanerut@gmail.com, isiscapoci@gmail.com, janinesrg@gmail.com, terezinha.svidzinski@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Adriana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fiorini
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Palotina, PR, Brazil, fabiorosado.bio@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Fabio Rogério
authors.initials: FR
authors.lastname: Rosado
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Biomedicina, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil, drifiorini@gmail.com, eliane.martins.bettega@gmail.com, katiasibin@gmail.com, patbonfim.09@gmail.com, cristianeshinobu@gmail.com, ldghiraldi@gmail.com, paulacampanerut@gmail.com, isiscapoci@gmail.com, janinesrg@gmail.com, terezinha.svidzinski@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Eliane Martins da Silva
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Bettega
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Biomedicina, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil, drifiorini@gmail.com, eliane.martins.bettega@gmail.com, katiasibin@gmail.com, patbonfim.09@gmail.com, cristianeshinobu@gmail.com, ldghiraldi@gmail.com, paulacampanerut@gmail.com, isiscapoci@gmail.com, janinesrg@gmail.com, terezinha.svidzinski@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Kátia Cristina Sibin
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Melo
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil, ckukolj@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Caroline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kukolj
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Biomedicina, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil, drifiorini@gmail.com, eliane.martins.bettega@gmail.com, katiasibin@gmail.com, patbonfim.09@gmail.com, cristianeshinobu@gmail.com, ldghiraldi@gmail.com, paulacampanerut@gmail.com, isiscapoci@gmail.com, janinesrg@gmail.com, terezinha.svidzinski@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Patrícia de Souza
authors.initials: Pde S
authors.lastname: Bonfim-Mendonça
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Biomedicina, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil, drifiorini@gmail.com, eliane.martins.bettega@gmail.com, katiasibin@gmail.com, patbonfim.09@gmail.com, cristianeshinobu@gmail.com, ldghiraldi@gmail.com, paulacampanerut@gmail.com, isiscapoci@gmail.com, janinesrg@gmail.com, terezinha.svidzinski@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Cristiane Suemi
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Shinobu-Mesquita
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Biomedicina, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil, drifiorini@gmail.com, eliane.martins.bettega@gmail.com, katiasibin@gmail.com, patbonfim.09@gmail.com, cristianeshinobu@gmail.com, ldghiraldi@gmail.com, paulacampanerut@gmail.com, isiscapoci@gmail.com, janinesrg@gmail.com, terezinha.svidzinski@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Luciana Dias
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Ghiraldi
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Biomedicina, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil, drifiorini@gmail.com, eliane.martins.bettega@gmail.com, katiasibin@gmail.com, patbonfim.09@gmail.com, cristianeshinobu@gmail.com, ldghiraldi@gmail.com, paulacampanerut@gmail.com, isiscapoci@gmail.com, janinesrg@gmail.com, terezinha.svidzinski@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Paula Aline Zanetti
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Campanerut
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Biomedicina, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil, drifiorini@gmail.com, eliane.martins.bettega@gmail.com, katiasibin@gmail.com, patbonfim.09@gmail.com, cristianeshinobu@gmail.com, ldghiraldi@gmail.com, paulacampanerut@gmail.com, isiscapoci@gmail.com, janinesrg@gmail.com, terezinha.svidzinski@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Isis Regina Grenier
authors.initials: IR
authors.lastname: Capoci
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Biomedicina, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil, drifiorini@gmail.com, eliane.martins.bettega@gmail.com, katiasibin@gmail.com, patbonfim.09@gmail.com, cristianeshinobu@gmail.com, ldghiraldi@gmail.com, paulacampanerut@gmail.com, isiscapoci@gmail.com, janinesrg@gmail.com, terezinha.svidzinski@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Janine Silva Ribeiro
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Godoy
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Farmácia, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil, icpferreira@uem.br.
authors.forename: Izabel Cristina Piloto
authors.initials: IC
authors.lastname: Ferreira
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Biomedicina, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil, drifiorini@gmail.com, eliane.martins.bettega@gmail.com, katiasibin@gmail.com, patbonfim.09@gmail.com, cristianeshinobu@gmail.com, ldghiraldi@gmail.com, paulacampanerut@gmail.com, isiscapoci@gmail.com, janinesrg@gmail.com, terezinha.svidzinski@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Terezinha Inez Estivalet
authors.initials: TI
authors.lastname: Svidzinski
mesh_terms: D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002176:Candida albicans / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects*; D015180:Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional; D015725:Fluconazole / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005656:Fungal Proteins / Q000032:analysis*; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D032127:Sapindus / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents; D005656:Fungal Proteins; D010936:Plant Extracts; D015725:Fluconazole