title: In vivo in silico pharmacokinetic simulation studies of carvedilol-loaded nanocapsules using GastroPlus.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The study aimed at in vivo pharmacokinetic evaluation of carvedilol loaded nanocapsules (CLN) followed by in silico predictions and establishment of IVIVC.
  
  
  METHODS
  LC/MS-MS method was developed and validated to estimate the pharmacokinetic profile of CLN. The in silico and IVIVC were established using GastroPlus.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The CLN demonstrated 221.09% increase in bioavailability of carvedilol over aqueous suspension. The simulation of plasma concentration profile of CLN exhibited a sensible level of superimposition. The regional absorption of the CLN showed maximum absorption from duodenum and jejunum. The Wagner-Nelson method was found to be most suitable deconvolution method for establishing the IVIVC of CLN.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study demonstrated CLN as efficient delivery system to ferry carvedilol with improved bioavailability.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Science & Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi-835215, Jharkhand, India.
authors.forename: Jerome K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: George
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Science & Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi-835215, Jharkhand, India.
authors.forename: Sandeep Kumar
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Science & Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi-835215, Jharkhand, India.
authors.forename: P R P
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Verma
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001682:Biological Availability; D002227:Carbazoles / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D000077261:Carvedilol; D003198:Computer Simulation; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D053769:Nanocapsules; D011412:Propanolamines / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
chemical_list: D002227:Carbazoles; D053769:Nanocapsules; D011412:Propanolamines; D000077261:Carvedilol
keywords: GastroPlus™; IVIVC; LC/MS-MS; Wagner–Nelson Method; carvedilol nanocapsules; in silico studies