title: TMS-induced theta phase synchrony reveals a bottom-up network in working memory.
abstract: Global theta phase synchronization between the frontal and sensory areas has been suggested to connect the relevant areas for executive processes of working memory (WM). However, little is known regarding network directionality (i.e. top-down or bottom-up) of this interaction. To address the issue, the present study conducted transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)-electroencephalography (EEG) experiment during WM tasks. Results showed that TMS-induced increases in theta phase synchronization were observed only when TMS was delivered to the sensory areas but not the frontal area. These findings suggest that network directionality represented in WM is bottom-up rather than top-down.
authors.affiliation: Department of Intelligent Interaction Technology, Graduate School of Systems and Information Engineering, University of Tsukuba, Japan.
authors.forename: Eri
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Miyauchi
authors.affiliation: Rhythm-based Brain Information Processing Unit, RIKEN BSI-TOYOTA Collaboration Center, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Japan; Laboratory for Advanced Brain Signal Processing, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Japan.
authors.forename: Keiichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kitajo
authors.affiliation: Department of Intelligent Interaction Technology, Graduate School of Systems and Information Engineering, University of Tsukuba, Japan; Rhythm-based Brain Information Processing Unit, RIKEN BSI-TOYOTA Collaboration Center, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Japan; Laboratory for Advanced Brain Signal Processing, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Japan. Electronic address: kawasaki@iit.tsukuba.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Masahiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kawasaki
mesh_terms: D000161:Acoustic Stimulation; D000328:Adult; D058407:Electroencephalography Phase Synchronization; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008570:Memory, Short-Term / Q000502:physiology*; D010775:Photic Stimulation; D013826:Theta Rhythm; D050781:Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: EEG; Synchronization; TMS; Theta; Working memory