title: Short term complications from transurethral resection of bladder tumor.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The diagnosis and subsequent management of bladder cancer often involves transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT). Risks of TURBT include perioperative complications such as bleeding, pain and perforation. We aimed to determine TURBT complication rates and risk factors in a contemporary series.
  
  
  METHODS
  From 2002 to 2011, 505 patients underwent TURBT either for suspected bladder cancer or during follow up at a single institution. Baseline patient characteristics and complications within 2 weeks of surgery were extracted from the electronic medical record for all TURBTs. Patient and tumor characteristics were evaluated for associations with complication using univariate analysis. A multivariable logistic regression was fit to further examine associations between TURBT related characteristics and complication.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 910 TURBTs were performed on 505 patients. Overall complication rate was 8.1%. The most common complications were pain or spasm (3.0%), retention (2.8%), and infection (2.1%), and 0.5% of TURBTs had perforation. Over 85% of complications were Clavien-Dindo grade I or II. Forty-three patients had a complication after their first TURBT, while 25 had complications after subsequent TURBTs. Prior complication and single tumor, but not other patient or tumor-related characteristics, were associated with complication. Only prior complication (p < 0.01) was associated with subsequent complication after TURBT on multivariable analysis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Complication rate after TURBT is 8.1% and complications are generally not severe in nature. Prior short term complication is likely associated with subsequent complication. Further studies are needed to validate these results and determine patient groups most at risk for intraoperative and post TURBT complications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urologic Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.
authors.forename: Justin R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Gregg
authors.forename: Benjamin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: McCormick
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: David F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Penson
authors.forename: Joseph A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Peter E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Clark
authors.forename: Michael S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Cookson
authors.forename: Daniel A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Barocas
authors.forename: Matthew J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Resnick
authors.forename: Kelvin A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Moses
authors.forename: Sam S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Chang
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015653:Cystectomy / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D003558:Cystoscopy; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D057605:Natural Orifice Endoscopic Surgery / Q000009:adverse effects*; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D014521:Urethra; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery*