title: Indian chronic kidney disease study: Design and methods.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The rate and factors that influence progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in developing countries like India are unknown. A pan-country prospective, observational cohort study is needed to address these knowledge gaps.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Indian Chronic Kidney Disease (ICKD) study will be a cohort study of approximately 5000 patients with mild to moderate CKD presenting to centres that represent different geographical regions in India. Time to 50% decline in baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate, need of renal replacement therapy or any new cardiovascular disease (CVD) event or death from CVD are the primary end points.
  This study will provide the opportunity to determine risk factors for CKD progression and development of CVD in Indian subjects and perform international comparisons to determine ethnic and geographical differences. A bio-repository will provide a chance to discover biomarkers and explore genetic risk factors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
authors.forename: Vivek
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3522-1121
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
authors.forename: Ashok Kumar
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Yadav
authors.affiliation: Muljibhai Patel Urological Hospital, Nadiad, India.
authors.forename: Sishir
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gang
authors.affiliation: George Institute for Global Health, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Oommen
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: John
authors.affiliation: Samarpan Kidney Institute and Research Center, Bhopal, India.
authors.forename: Gopesh K
authors.initials: GK
authors.lastname: Modi
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Institute of Medical Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India.
authors.forename: Jai Prakash
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Ojha
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education & Research, Kolkata, India.
authors.forename: Rajendra
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pandey
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education & Research, Pondicherry, India.
authors.forename: Sreejith
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Parameswaran
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Science, Lucknow, India.
authors.forename: Narayan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Prasad
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Osmania Medical College, Osmania General Hospital, Hyderabad, India.
authors.forename: Manisha
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sahay
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India.
authors.forename: Santosh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Varughese
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology and Transplant Center, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.
authors.forename: Seema
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Baid-Agarwal
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.|George Institute for Global Health, New Delhi, India.|University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
authors.forename: Vivekanand
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Jha
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D018070:Biological Specimen Banks; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000208:ethnology / Q000401:mortality; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D006801:Humans; D007194:India / Q000453:epidemiology; D007668:Kidney / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000208:ethnology / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000208:ethnology / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D017582:Renal Replacement Therapy; D012107:Research Design; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013997:Time Factors; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers
keywords: biobanking; cardiovascular diseases; chronic kidney disease; cohort studies; epidemiology; renal replacement therapy