title: Expression of prolyl hydroxylases 2 and 3 in chick embryos.
abstract: Hypoxic cellular response is crucial for normal development as well as in pathological conditions in order to tolerate low oxygen. The response is mediated by Hypoxia Inducible Factors (HIFs), where the α-subunit of HIF is stabilised and able to function only in low oxygen. Prolyl hydroxylases (PHDs) are oxygen dependent dioxygenase enzymes that hydroxylate HIF-α leading to HIF degradation. Thus PHDs function as an oxygen sensor for the function of HIFs. Here we describe the mRNA expression pattern of PHDs in chick embryos. Up to embryonic day 2, PHDs are weak without specific localisation, whereas from day 3 localised expression was observed in the eye, branchial arches and dermomyotome. Later in the limb development PHDs were expressed in the perichondral mesenchyme, excluded from the developing limb cartilages.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Southwell Street, Bristol BS2 8EJ, UK.
authors.forename: Jake
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Barber
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Southwell Street, Bristol BS2 8EJ, UK. Electronic address: nobue.itasaki@bristol.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Nobue
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Itasaki
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015687:Cell Hypoxia / Q000235:genetics; D002642:Chick Embryo / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D047108:Embryonic Development / Q000235:genetics*; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D010100:Oxygen / Q000378:metabolism; D064828:Prolyl Hydroxylases / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D059748:Proteolysis
chemical_list: D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit; D064828:Prolyl Hydroxylases; D010100:Oxygen
keywords: Chick embryo; EGLN; HIF; Hypoxia; Prolyl Hydroxylase