title: Effects of breathing type on electromyographic activity of respiratory muscles at different body positions.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the effect of breathing type on the activity of respiratory muscles at different body positions.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two groups of 20 subjects each, one with upper costal and the other with costodiaphragmatic breathing, were studied. Electromyographic activity of sternocleidomastoid (SCM), diaphragm (DIA), external intercostal (EIC), and latissimus dorsi (LAT) muscles was recorded at standing and lateral decubitus positions during swallowing and maximal voluntary clenching.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All muscles showed higher activity during standing in upper costal breathing subjects except the SCM muscle. EIC activity was higher during standing in the costodiaphragmatic breathing group. Subjects with upper costal breathing showed higher DIA activity than subjects with costodiaphragmatic breathing at both body positions and higher SCM activity at lateral decubitus position, whereas, EIC activity was only higher during swallowing.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Subjects with upper costal breathing presented higher respiratory effort than subjects with costodiaphragmatic breathing, being most prominent at the lateral decubitus position.
authors.affiliation: a Faculty of Dentistry , Institute for Research in Dental Sciences, University of Chile , Santiago , Chile.|b Faculty of Medicine, Oral Physiology Laboratory, Biomedical Sciences Institute , University of Chile , Santiago , Chile.
authors.forename: Saúl
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Valenzuela
authors.affiliation: b Faculty of Medicine, Oral Physiology Laboratory, Biomedical Sciences Institute , University of Chile , Santiago , Chile.
authors.forename: Rodolfo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Miralles
authors.affiliation: b Faculty of Medicine, Oral Physiology Laboratory, Biomedical Sciences Institute , University of Chile , Santiago , Chile.
authors.forename: Hugo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Santander
authors.affiliation: b Faculty of Medicine, Oral Physiology Laboratory, Biomedical Sciences Institute , University of Chile , Santiago , Chile.
authors.forename: Ricardo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bull
authors.affiliation: a Faculty of Dentistry , Institute for Research in Dental Sciences, University of Chile , Santiago , Chile.|b Faculty of Medicine, Oral Physiology Laboratory, Biomedical Sciences Institute , University of Chile , Santiago , Chile.|c Faculty of Medicine , Diego Portales University , Santiago , Chile.
authors.forename: Rosa
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Cordova
authors.affiliation: b Faculty of Medicine, Oral Physiology Laboratory, Biomedical Sciences Institute , University of Chile , Santiago , Chile.
authors.forename: Isabel
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Celhay
authors.affiliation: d Faculty of Medicine, Public Health School , University of Chile , Santiago , Chile.
authors.forename: Gabriel
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cavada
authors.affiliation: a Faculty of Dentistry , Institute for Research in Dental Sciences, University of Chile , Santiago , Chile.|b Faculty of Medicine, Oral Physiology Laboratory, Biomedical Sciences Institute , University of Chile , Santiago , Chile.
authors.forename: Mario Felipe
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Gutiérrez
mesh_terms: D003679:Deglutition / Q000502:physiology; D003964:Diaphragm / Q000502:physiology; D004576:Electromyography; D006801:Humans; D007366:Intercostal Muscles / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D011187:Posture / Q000502:physiology; D012119:Respiration; D012132:Respiratory Muscles / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Costodiaphragmatic breathing; Electromyography; Lateral decubitus position; Respiratory muscles; Standing position; Swallowing; Upper costal breathing