title: The effect of different concentrations of water soluble azadirachtin (neem metabolite) on Streptococcus mutans compared with chlorhexidine.
abstract: Despite advances in the development of anticaries chemotherapy, the newer agents are unable to control the initiation of dental caries. Research and development of natural antibacterial agents that are safe for the host as well as specific for oral pathogens is awaited. Neem tree extracts have been used for thousands of years for maintaining overall well-being. Chewing neem sticks in the morning is the most common indigenous method of cleaning the mouth in rural population. This has generated the interest of the dentists for the use of neem for controlling dental diseases.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study aims to evaluate the quantitative and qualitative effect of different concentrations of water soluble azadirachtin (neem metabolite) on Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) against chlorhexidine.
  
  
  METHODS
  Plaque was collected from 30 children aged 8-12 years reporting to the Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Bharti Vidyapeeth Dental College, Pune and transported to the laboratory. After incubation of the plates the inhibitory zones were noted and the diameter of the zone of inhibition was measured and recorded to check the inhibition of growth of S. mutans. For testing the bacterial survival, the biofilms were prepared and colony forming units (CFU) was enumerated using a digital colony counter.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results show that there was no statistically significant difference in the inhibition of S. mutans between 40% concentration of water soluble azadirachtin and chlorhexidine.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study concluded that 40% water soluble azadirachtin is as effective as 0.2% chlorhexidine mouthrinse in reducing the S. mutans count in dental plaque. Hence, a water soluble formulation of azadirachtin may provide the maximum benefit to mankind to prevent dental caries.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Bharti Vidyapeeth Dental College and Hospital, Pune, Maharashtra, India.
authors.forename: Amit R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Kankariya
authors.forename: Alok R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.forename: Sanket S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Kunte
mesh_terms: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002648:Child; D002710:Chlorhexidine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003773:Dental Plaque / Q000382:microbiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007306:Insecticides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D036701:Limonins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D013234:Stem Cells; D013295:Streptococcus mutans / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D007306:Insecticides; D036701:Limonins; C010329:azadirachtin; D002710:Chlorhexidine