title: Chemical and biological evaluation of Ranunculus muricatus.
abstract: Ranunculus muricatus is commonly known as spiny fruit buttercup and is used in the treatment of intermittent fevers, gout and asthma. Qualitative analysis of phytochemicals of Ranunculus muricatus indicated the presence of saponins, tannins, phenols, flavonoids and alkaloids. Saponins were present in high amount as compared with other chemicals. Inorganic and heavy metals constituents were determined. Heavy metals estimation in the sample showed that iron was present in high amount followed by zinc even then the concentration of these metals is below acceptable limit. The physical parameters, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of the extracts were determined. Acetone extract fraction showed optimal antioxidant activity as compared to ethanol and chloroform fractions of the candidate plant. The antimicrobial and antifungal activities of the crude extract and extract fractions were determined by well agar diffusion method. Highest zone of inhibitions were observed for crude extract followed by acetone extract fraction against Micrococcus luteus. Antifungal activities were high for crude extracts against Candida Albican. Findings of this study show that Ranunculus muricatus has a good medicinal impact.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Sarhad University of Science and Information Technology, Peshawar, KPK, Pakistan / Department of Chemistry, University of Malakand, Chakdara Dir (Lower), KPK, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Farhat Ali
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Malakand, Chakdara Dir (Lower), KPK, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Muhammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zahoor
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Malakand, Chakdara Dir (Lower), KPK, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Ezzat
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Khan
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D002176:Candida albicans / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D052978:Disk Diffusion Antimicrobial Tests; D016982:Micrococcus luteus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D010851:Picrates / Q000737:chemistry; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D031947:Ranunculus / Q000737:chemistry*; D012997:Solvents / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000935:Antifungal Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds; D010851:Picrates; D010936:Plant Extracts; D012997:Solvents; C004931:1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl