title: Assessment of the quantity of microorganisms associated with bronchiectasis in saliva, sputum and nasal lavage after periodontal treatment: a study protocol of a randomised controlled trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The association between periodontal disease (PD) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has been widely studied, with aspiration of periodontal pathogens being one of the most accepted causal mechanisms for pulmonary exacerbation. Periodontal treatment (PT) was associated with a decrease in these exacerbations. Bronchiectasis is a pulmonary disease that has many similarities to COPD; however, there are no studies correlating this condition to PD thus far. This study will evaluate if PT reduces proinflammatory cytokines in serum and saliva, as well as halitosis and the amount of microorganisms associated with exacerbation of bronchiectasis in saliva, sputum and nasal lavage 3 months after PT.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 182 patients with PD and bronchiectasis will be randomly allocated to group 1 (positive control; scaling and root planing (SRP)+oral hygiene (OH)) or group 2 (experimental; SRP+photodynamic therapy+OH). After 3 months, samples of saliva, nasal lavage and sputum will be collected to determine the level of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Porphyromonas gingivalis by quantitative PCR. This protocol will determine the efficacy of PT in reducing the most likely niches of bronchiectasis exacerbation by comparing pre- and post-treatment microbiology samples. Furthermore, there will be assessment of oral halitosis and verification of inflammatory cytokines in serum and saliva.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  This protocol has been approved by the Research Ethics Committee of Universidade Nove de Julho. Data will be published in a peer-reviewed journal.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  NCT02514226.
authors.affiliation: Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho, UNINOVE, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Erika Horácio
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Pinto
authors.affiliation: Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho, UNINOVE, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Priscila Larcher
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Longo
authors.affiliation: School of Dentistry, Universidade Nove de Julho, UNINOVE, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Caroline Cristina Batista
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: de Camargo
authors.affiliation: Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho, UNINOVE, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Simone
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dal Corso
authors.affiliation: Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho, UNINOVE, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Fernanda De Cordoba
authors.initials: Fde C
authors.lastname: Lanza
authors.affiliation: Pulmonary Department, Heart Institute (InCor), School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rafael
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Stelmach
authors.affiliation: Pulmonary Department, Heart Institute (InCor), School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rodrigo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Athanazio
authors.affiliation: Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho, UNINOVE, São Paulo, Brazil Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho, UNINOVE, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Kristianne Porta Santos
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Fernandes
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marcia Pinto Alves
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Mayer
authors.affiliation: Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho, UNINOVE, São Paulo, Brazil Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho, UNINOVE, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Sandra Kalil
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Bussadori
authors.affiliation: Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho, UNINOVE, São Paulo, Brazil Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho, UNINOVE, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Raquel Agnelli
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Mesquita Ferrari
authors.affiliation: Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho, UNINOVE, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Anna Carolina Ratto Tempestini
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Horliana
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D001987:Bronchiectasis / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D006209:Halitosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D006801:Humans; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000097:blood; D008168:Lung / Q000382:microbiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D055556:Nasal Lavage; D009910:Oral Hygiene; D010510:Periodontal Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000628:therapy*; D010514:Periodontal Pocket / Q000382:microbiology*; D016745:Root Planing; D012463:Saliva / Q000382:microbiology*; D013183:Sputum / Q000382:microbiology*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D018836:Inflammation Mediators
keywords: IMMUNOLOGY; ORAL MEDICINE