title: [Combined effects of both cardiovascular disease family history and smoking on the incidence of ischemic stroke].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the cumulative effect regarding the family history of cardiovascular disease and smoking on ischemic stroke events in population with Mongolian ethnicity.
  
  
  METHODS
  Based on data gathered from the baseline investigation, a 10-year prospective cohort follow-up project was conducted among 2 589 participants with Mongolian ethnicity. Ischemic stroke events were defined as the outcomes of the study. All the 2 589 participants were categorized into four subgroups: without family history of cardiovascular disease/nonsmokers, without family history of cardiovascular disease/smokers, with family history of cardiovascular disease/nonsmokers and with family history of cardiovascular disease/smokers, according to family history of cardiovascular disease and smoking status. Cumlative incidence rates of events among the four subgroups was described with Kaplan-Meier curves. Cox proportional hazards model was used to estimate the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) of ischemic stroke events among the four subgroups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Data from the Kaplan-Meier curves showed that the cumulative incidence rates of ischemic stroke were 1.17% (15/1 278), 3.83% (37/967), 5.70% (9/158) and 8.33% (15/180) for the groups of no family history of cardiovascular disease/nonsmokers, no family history of cardiovascular disease/smokers, with family history of cardiovascular disease/nonsmokers and with family history of cardiovascular disease/smokers, respectively. By cox proportional hazards model, after adjusting for age, male, drinking status, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, body mass index, fasting glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL cholesterol factors, the HRs (95% CI) of ischemic stroke were 2.26 (1.19-4.28) and 2.45 (1.13-5.33) in the no family history of cardiovascular disease/smokers group, with family history of cardiovascular disease/smokers group when compared to the no family history of cardiovascular disease/nonsmokers group, respectively. The risk of ischemic stroke appeared the highest in the group with family history of cardiovascular disease/smokers (all P<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Smoking may increase the risk of ischemic stroke events among the population with family history of cardiovascular disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Disease, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
authors.forename: Qin
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine-Neurology, Tongliao Municipal Hospital, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia 028000, China.
authors.forename: Jianhui
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Tongliao Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia 028000, China.
authors.forename: Yongyue
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine-Neurology, Tongliao Municipal Hospital, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia 028000, China.
authors.forename: Hongmin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Disease, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
authors.forename: Yunfan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.affiliation: Tongliao Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia 028000, China.
authors.forename: Batu
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Buren
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Disease, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
authors.forename: Yipeng
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Disease, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
authors.forename: Yonghong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000428:Alcohol Drinking; D044466:Asian People / Q000208:ethnology / Q000235:genetics*; D001786:Blood Glucose; D001794:Blood Pressure; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000235:genetics; D002784:Cholesterol; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008986:Mongolia / Q000453:epidemiology; D011159:Population Surveillance; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000453:epidemiology; D020521:Stroke / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D002784:Cholesterol