title: Sleep in Adolescents and Young Adults with Type 1 Diabetes: Associations with Diabetes Management and Glycemic Control.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe sleep in adolescents and young adults with type 1 diabetes and explore the association between sleep disturbances, diabetes management and glycemic control.
  
  
  METHODS
  Adolescents with type 1 diabetes (n = 159, mean age = 16.4, 43% female, 69% white, mean A1C = 9.3%) completed the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index to assess sleep quantity and quality and sleep disturbances. Frequency of blood glucose monitoring (meter downloads) was used as a measure of diabetes management.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Average sleep duration was 7.4 hours, below the recommended duration for this age. Adolescents using insulin pumps reported fewer sleep disturbances and longer sleep duration than those on injections, and older adolescents reported less sleep than younger adolescents. Poorer sleep duration was related to poorer diabetes management and better self-reported sleep quality was associated with better glycemic control for males but not for females.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Assessing for and treating sleep disturbances in adolescents may improve diabetes management.
authors.affiliation: Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 30232.
authors.forename: Sarah S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Jaser
authors.affiliation: Wayne State University.
authors.forename: Deborah
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ellis
keywords: adolescents; self-management; sleep; type 1 diabetes