title: Melanoma exosomes enable tumor tolerance in lymph nodes.
abstract: Melanoma preferentially spreads via lymph nodes. Melanoma exosomes can induce angiogenesis and immune suppression. However, a role for melanoma exosomes in facilitating tumor tolerance in lymph nodes has not been considered. Herein, the hypothesis that melanoma exosome mediated induction of vascular endothelial cell (VEC) derived tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) results in lymphatic endothelial cell (LEC) mediated tumor tolerance is explored. To support this hypothesis, experiments involving ex vivo lymph node associated VECs, LECs, dendritic cells and T lymphocytes are proposed based upon a previously established fluorescent exosome lymph node trafficking model. The implication of the hypothesis in the context of melanoma exosome mediated induction of tumor tolerance in lymph nodes is then discussed.
authors.affiliation: University of Louisville, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology and the James Graham Brown Cancer Center, Clinical and Translational Research Building, 505 South Hancock Street, Louisville, KY 40202, United States. Electronic address: joshua.hood@louisville.edu.
authors.forename: Joshua L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Hood
mesh_terms: D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm / Q000276:immunology; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000276:immunology; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D055354:Exosomes / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000276:immunology*; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis / Q000276:immunology*; D008545:Melanoma / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D008546:Melanoma, Experimental / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D018448:Models, Immunological; D012107:Research Design; D016176:T-Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000276:immunology; D019139:Tumor Escape / Q000276:immunology*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha