title: Consolidating tactical planning and implementation frameworks for integrated vector management in Uganda.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Integrated vector management (IVM) is the recommended approach for controlling some vector-borne diseases (VBD). In the face of current challenges to disease vector control, IVM is vital to achieve national targets set for VBD control. Though global efforts, especially for combating malaria, now focus on elimination and eradication, IVM remains useful for Uganda which is principally still in the control phase of the malaria continuum. This paper outlines the processes undertaken to consolidate tactical planning and implementation frameworks for IVM in Uganda.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Uganda National Malaria Control Programme with its efforts to implement an IVM approach to vector control was the 'case' for this study. Integrated management of malaria vectors in Uganda remained an underdeveloped component of malaria control policy. In 2012, knowledge and perceptions of malaria vector control policy and IVM were assessed, and recommendations for a specific IVM policy were made. In 2014, a thorough vector control needs assessment (VCNA) was conducted according to WHO recommendations. The findings of the VCNA informed the development of the national IVM strategic guidelines. Information sources for this study included all available data and accessible archived documentary records on VBD control in Uganda. The literature was reviewed and adapted to the local context and translated into the consolidated tactical framework.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  WHO recommends implementation of IVM as the main strategy to vector control and has encouraged member states to adopt the approach. However, many VBD-endemic countries lack IVM policy frameworks to guide implementation of the approach. In Uganda most VBD coexists and could be managed more effectively if done in tandem. In order to successfully control malaria and other VBD and move towards their elimination, the country needs to scale up proven and effective vector control interventions and also learn from the experience of other countries. The IVM strategy is important in consolidating inter-sectoral collaboration and coordination and providing the tactical direction for effective deployment of vector control interventions along the five key elements of the approach and to align them with contemporary epidemiology of VBD in the country.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Uganda has successfully established an evidence-based IVM approach and consolidated strategic planning and operational frameworks for VBD control. However, operating implementation arrangements as outlined in the national strategic guidelines for IVM and managing insecticide resistance, as well as improving vector surveillance, are imperative. In addition, strengthened information, education and communication/behaviour change and communication, collaboration and coordination will be crucial in scaling up and using vector control interventions.
authors.affiliation: Abt Associates, Kampala, Uganda.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Okia
authors.affiliation: National Malaria Control Programme, Ministry of Health, Kampala, Uganda.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Okui
authors.affiliation: National Malaria Control Programme, Ministry of Health, Kampala, Uganda.
authors.forename: Myers
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lugemwa
authors.affiliation: , Nelspruit, Mpumalanga, South Africa.
authors.forename: John M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Govere
authors.affiliation: National Malaria Control Programme, Ministry of Health, Kampala, Uganda.
authors.forename: Vincent
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Katamba
authors.affiliation: Abt Associates, Kampala, Uganda.
authors.forename: John B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Rwakimari
authors.affiliation: Abt Associates, Kampala, Uganda.
authors.forename: Betty
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Mpeka
authors.affiliation: , Kamwala South, Lusaka, Zambia. emmanuel_chanda@yahoo.co.uk.
authors.forename: Emmanuel
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Chanda
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D006285:Health Planning / Q000379:methods*; D006291:Health Policy; D006801:Humans; D008288:Malaria / Q000517:prevention & control*; D009032:Mosquito Control / Q000379:methods* / Q000458:organization & administration; D000072138:Mosquito Vectors; D014454:Uganda
keywords: Insecticide resistance management; Integrated vector management; Malaria vector control; Sustainability; Uganda; Vector borne disease control; Vector control needs assessment; Vector surveillance