title: Trans-Cinnamaldehyde, An Essential Oil in Cinnamon Powder, Ameliorates Cerebral Ischemia-Induced Brain Injury via Inhibition of Neuroinflammation Through Attenuation of iNOS, COX-2 Expression and NFκ-B Signaling Pathway.
abstract: Trans-cinnamaldehyde (TCA), an essential oil in cinnamon powder, may have beneficial effects as a treatment for stroke which is the second leading cause of death worldwide. Post-ischemic inflammation induces neuronal cell damage after stroke, and activation of microglia, in particular, has been thought as the main contributor of proinflammatory and neurotoxic factors. The purpose of this study was to investigate the neuroprotective effects of TCA in an animal model of ischemia/reperfusion (I/R)-induced brain injury and the neuroprotective mechanism was verified in LPS-induced inflammation of BV-2 microglial cells. Our results showed that TCA (10-30 mg/kg, p.o.) significantly reduced the infarction area, neurological deficit score and decreased iNOS and COX-2 protein expression level in I/R-induced injury brain tissue. It inhibited 0.5 µg/ml LPS-induced NO production in BV-2 microglial cells without affecting cell viability, reduced protein expression of iNOS and COX-2, and attenuated inhibition of p53 protein. TCA also suppressed the effects of LPS-induced nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65 and p50 and increased cytosolic IκBα. It also reduced LPS-induced mRNA expression of iNOS, COX-2, and TNFα. We concluded that TCA has a potential neuroprotective effect to against the ischemic stroke, which may be via the inhibition of neuroinflammation through attenuating iNOS, COX-2 expression and NF-κB signaling pathway.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, China Medical University, 91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan. yfchen@mail.cmu.edu.tw.|Department of Pharmacy, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 40447, Taiwan. yfchen@mail.cmu.edu.tw.
authors.forename: Yuh-Fung
authors.initials: YF
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yu-Wen
authors.initials: YW
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan.|Department of Neurology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 40447, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Wei-Shih
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, 41354, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Ming-Ming
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center VA Medical Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
authors.forename: W Gibson
authors.initials: WG
authors.lastname: Wood
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yuk-Man
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Leung
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 40447, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Huei-Yann
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Tsai
mesh_terms: D000171:Acrolein / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000150:complications*; D002935:Cinnamomum zeylanicum / Q000737:chemistry; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000235:genetics*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D007249:Inflammation / Q000517:prevention & control; D017628:Microglia / Q000187:drug effects; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000235:genetics*; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D016328:NF-kappa B; D000171:Acrolein; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; C012843:cinnamaldehyde
keywords: BV-2 microglia; Cerebral ischemia; NF-κB signaling pathway; Neuroinflammation; Trans-cinnamaldehyde