title: Dendritic cell vaccination enhances antiangiogenesis induced by endostatin in rat glioma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  It has been verified that dendritic cell (DC) vaccination can improve the prognosis of malignant glioma. However, recent evidence suggests the problems with DC vaccines lies, at least in part, with the cancers ability to induce an immunosupressive response that suppresses any vaccine-mediated active immunity. Our previous studies indicate that subcutaneous vaccine can restrain the cancer cells implanted in the brain, but the effect is limited on vascularized tumor in the brain. Furthermore, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM) play an important role in immunoevasion.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To identify the effects of DC vaccination on antiangiogenesis induced by endostatin in rat glioma.
  
  
  METHODS
  Rat basal ganglia glioma model was constructed and authenticated. The concentration of immunoglobulin G (IgG) was detected using rat IgG enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. CD8+ T cell infiltration was measured by immunofluorescence. The expression of VEGF, VCAM, and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) tested by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blot. The expression of VEGF and apoptosis in rat glioma tissues is tested by immunohistochemical staining.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two group comparisons were analyzed by a two-tailed Student's t test. Multiple group comparisons were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). P values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The combination of DC vaccination and antiangionesis inhibited the rats with malignant glioma by stimulating immune response, supressing the expression of angiogenesis-related proteins VEGF, VCAM, and ICAM-1. In addition, the combination therapy inhibited glioma stem-cell-like cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  DC vaccination enhances antiangiogenesis induced by endostatin in rat glioma.
authors.forename: Xia
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Yiwei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liao
authors.forename: Haoyu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Zijin
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
authors.forename: Qing
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019496:Cancer Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000276:immunology / Q000637:transplantation; D043169:Endostatins / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005910:Glioma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D007167:Immunotherapy; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000276:immunology; D014411:Neoplastic Stem Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D051381:Rats; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000276:immunology; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D019496:Cancer Vaccines; D043169:Endostatins; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1