title: Protective Effects of Sheng-Mai-San on Right Ventricular Dysfunction during Chronic Intermittent Hypoxia in Mice.
abstract: Right ventricular (RV) dysfunction and failure contribute to the increasing morbidity and mortality of cardiovascular diseases; however, current treatment strategies are grossly inadequate. Sheng-Mai-San (SMS) has been used to treat heart diseases for hundreds of years in China, and its protective effects on RV have not been observed. The present study was to investigate the protective effects of SMS aqueous extract on RV dysfunction in chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) mice model. The results showed that CIH mice model presented RV dysfunction and maladaptive compensation after 28-day-CIH and SMS treatment significantly reversed these changes. Diastolic function of RV was restored and systolic dysfunction was attenuated, including elevation of RV stroke volume and fractional shortening, as well as pulmonary circulation. Structurally, SMS treatment inhibited RV dilation, cardiomyocytes vacuolization, ultrastructure abnormalities, and the expression of cleaved caspase-3. Of importance, SMS showed remarkable antioxidant activity by decreasing the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE), increasing the levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), as well as inhibiting the overexpression of 3-NT in RV. Our results indicate that SMS preserve RV structure and function in CIH-exposed mice by involving regulation in both ROS and Reactive Nitrogen Species (RNS) production.
authors.affiliation: Department of Complex Prescription of TCM, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211198, China.
authors.forename: Cheng-Zhi
authors.initials: CZ
authors.lastname: Chai
authors.affiliation: Department of Complex Prescription of TCM, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211198, China.
authors.forename: Wei-Lan
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Mo
authors.affiliation: Department of Complex Prescription of TCM, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211198, China.
authors.forename: Xian-Fei
authors.initials: XF
authors.lastname: Zhuang
authors.affiliation: Department of Complex Prescription of TCM, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211198, China.
authors.forename: Jun-Ping
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-8377-915X
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Kou
authors.affiliation: Department of Complex Prescription of TCM, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211198, China.
authors.forename: Yong-Qing
authors.initials: YQ
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.affiliation: Department of Complex Prescription of TCM, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211198, China; Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211198, China.
authors.forename: Bo-Yang
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-1401-9250
authors.initials: BY
authors.lastname: Yu