title: Expression profiles of long noncoding RNAs in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Despite there being over 35,000 different long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) sequences described little is known regarding their molecular-pathological role in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC).
  
  
  METHODS
  In this pilot study, lncRNA and mRNA expression profiles were determined in cSCC and control (n = 6) by an Arraystar human lncRNA Microarray. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment and gene ontology analysis of mRNAs was performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Analysis of differential expression revealed 1516 upregulated lncRNAs and 2586 downregulated lncRNAs in cSCC compared with controls. Data analysis identified known oncogenic lncRNAs, such as the HOX transcript antisense RNA HOTAIR, among the differentially expressed lncRNA sequences. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis showed that focal adhesion, extracellular matrix and the oncogenic phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase-Akt signaling pathway had the highest enrichment scores.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study provides the first evidence for differential expression of lncRNA in cSCC and serves as a template for further, larger functional in-depth analyses regarding cSCC molecular lncRNAs.
authors.affiliation: Dermatologic Surgery Unit, Department of Dermatology, Venereology & Allergology, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44791 Bochum, Germany.|Department of Plastic Surgery, St Josef Hospital, Catholic Clinics of the Ruhr Peninsula, 45257 Essen, Germany.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sand
authors.affiliation: Dermatologic Surgery Unit, Department of Dermatology, Venereology & Allergology, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44791 Bochum, Germany.
authors.forename: Falk G
authors.initials: FG
authors.lastname: Bechara
authors.affiliation: University of Michigan Kellogg Eye Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sand
authors.affiliation: Dermatologic Surgery Unit, Department of Dermatology, Venereology & Allergology, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44791 Bochum, Germany.
authors.forename: Thilo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Gambichler
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Knappschaftskrankenhaus University of Bochum, Zentrum für Klinische Forschung, Labor für Molekulare Gastroenterologische Onkologie, 44780 Bochum, Germany.
authors.forename: Stephan A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Hahn
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic Surgery, St Josef Hospital, Catholic Clinics of the Ruhr Peninsula, 45257 Essen, Germany.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bromba
authors.affiliation: Dermatologic Surgery Unit, Department of Dermatology, Venereology & Allergology, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44791 Bochum, Germany.
authors.forename: Eggert
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Stockfleth
authors.affiliation: Dermatologic Surgery Unit, Department of Dermatology, Venereology & Allergology, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44791 Bochum, Germany.
authors.forename: Schapoor
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hessam
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000235:genetics*; D015536:Down-Regulation; D005260:Female; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D010865:Pilot Projects; D062085:RNA, Long Noncoding / Q000235:genetics*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000235:genetics; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics*; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: C561566:HOTAIR long untranslated RNA, human; D062085:RNA, Long Noncoding; D012333:RNA, Messenger
keywords: cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma; epithelial skin cancer; long noncoding RNAs; noncoding RNAs; nonmelanoma skin cancer