title: Glycol chitosan/nanohydroxyapatite biocomposites for potential bone tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
abstract: In the last few decades, research on biocomposite nanomaterials has grown exponentially due to the global demand for novel solutions in bone tissue engineering and repair. In the present study, it is reported the design and synthesis of biocomposites based on glycol chitosan (GLY-CHI) matrices incorporated with nano-hydroxyapatite particles (nHA) produced via an eco-friendly chemical colloidal process in water media followed by solvent casting and evaporation methods at room temperature. The structure, morphology, and crystallinity of the components and biocomposites were extensively characterized by light microscopy (LM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (WD-XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray micro-computed tomography analysis (μCT). Furthermore, cytotoxicity and cell viability tests were performed on three cell lines using a 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2yl) 2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, an alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity test, and LIVE/DEAD®assays. The results demonstrated that the GLY-CHI ligand played a major role in the nucleation, growth and colloidal stabilization of calcium phosphate particles at nanoscale dimensions with a narrow distribution and average size of 74±15nm. The FTIR spectroscopy associated with the XRD results indicated that nanosized hydroxyapatite (nHA) was the predominant calcium phosphate phase produced in the colloidal processing route. In addition, the X-ray micro-CT analysis of the nanocomposite membranes showed that nHA particles were homogenously dispersed in the glycol-chitosan polymeric matrix. Moreover, according to the in vitro bioassays, the biocomposites showed an adequate cell viability response and non-cytotoxic behavior toward osteoblastic-like (SAOS) and embryonic cell lines (HEK293T). Finally, the results of osteogenic differentiation tests demonstrated that the nHA/GLY-CHI composites are osteoinductive for human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (HBMS), which can be envisioned for prospective use in tissue engineering (e.g., bone, cartilage and periodontal) applications.
authors.affiliation: Center of Nanoscience, Nanotechnology and Innovation-CeNano(2)I, Federal University of Minas Gerais-UFMG, Brazil; Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Federal University of Minas Gerais-UFMG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Vitor C
authors.initials: VC
authors.lastname: Dumont
authors.affiliation: Center of Nanoscience, Nanotechnology and Innovation-CeNano(2)I, Federal University of Minas Gerais-UFMG, Brazil; Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Federal University of Minas Gerais-UFMG, Brazil. Electronic address: hmansur@demet.ufmg.br.
authors.forename: Herman S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Mansur
authors.affiliation: Center of Nanoscience, Nanotechnology and Innovation-CeNano(2)I, Federal University of Minas Gerais-UFMG, Brazil; Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Federal University of Minas Gerais-UFMG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Alexandra A P
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Mansur
authors.affiliation: Center of Nanoscience, Nanotechnology and Innovation-CeNano(2)I, Federal University of Minas Gerais-UFMG, Brazil; Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Federal University of Minas Gerais-UFMG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Sandhra M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Carvalho
authors.affiliation: Center of Nanoscience, Nanotechnology and Innovation-CeNano(2)I, Federal University of Minas Gerais-UFMG, Brazil; Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Federal University of Minas Gerais-UFMG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Nádia S V
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Capanema
authors.affiliation: Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Federal University of Minas Gerais-UFMG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Breno R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Barrioni
mesh_terms: D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000378:metabolism; D018786:Bone Substitutes / Q000737:chemistry; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002470:Cell Survival; D048271:Chitosan / Q000737:chemistry*; D017886:Durapatite / Q000737:chemistry*; D057809:HEK293 Cells; D006801:Humans; D008422:Materials Testing; D053761:Nanocomposites / Q000737:chemistry*; D044968:Regenerative Medicine; D023822:Tissue Engineering; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D018786:Bone Substitutes; C118638:glycol-chitosan; D048271:Chitosan; D017886:Durapatite; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase
keywords: Biocomposite; Chitosan; Glycol-chitosan; Hydroxyapatite nanoparticles; Nanoparticle