title: Short communication: Effects of pregnancy on milk yield, composition traits, and coagulation properties of Holstein cows.
abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of pregnancy stage on milk yield, composition traits, and milk coagulation properties in Italian Holstein cattle. The data set included 25,729 records from 3,995 first-parity cows calving between August 2010 and August 2013 in 167 herds. The traits analyzed were milk yield (kg/d), fat (%), protein (%), casein (%), and lactose (%) contents, pH, somatic cell score, rennet coagulation time (min), and curd firmness (mm). To better understand the effect of gestation on the aforementioned traits, each record was assigned to one of the following classes of pregnancy stage: (1) nonpregnant, (2) pregnant from 1 to 120d, (3) pregnant from 121 to 210d, and (4) pregnant from 211 to 310d. Gestation stage significantly influenced all studied traits with the exception of somatic cell score. Milk production decreased and milk quality improved from the fourth month of pregnancy onward. For all traits, nonpregnant cows performed very similarly to cows in the first period of gestation. Rennet coagulation time and curd firmness were influenced by pregnancy stage, especially in the last weeks of gestation when milk had better coagulation characteristics; this information should be accounted for to adjust test-day records in genetic evaluation of milk coagulation properties.
authors.affiliation: Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy. Electronic address: mauro.penasa@unipd.it.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Penasa
authors.affiliation: Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: De Marchi
authors.affiliation: Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cassandro
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D012085:Chymosin / Q000378:metabolism; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007558:Italy; D007774:Lactation; D007785:Lactose / Q000032:analysis; D008892:Milk / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism*; D008894:Milk Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D010641:Phenotype; D011247:Pregnancy
chemical_list: D004041:Dietary Fats; D008894:Milk Proteins; C025350:rennet; D012085:Chymosin; D007785:Lactose
keywords: Holstein cow; mid-infrared spectroscopy; milk coagulation property; pregnancy