title: Nerve ultrasound protocol in differentiating chronic immune-mediated neuropathies.
abstract: In this study we evaluated a new neuropathy ultrasound protocol (NUP) for differentiating chronic immune-mediated neuropathies.
  
  
  
  The NUP was evaluated in 110 patients with clinical presentations of chronic immune-mediated neuropathy. All patients were first evaluated clinically and electrophysiologically and divided into 4 polyneuropathy groups: (a) symmetric demyelinating; (b) symmetric axonal; (c) asymmetric demyelinating; and (d) asymmetric axonal. During step 2, the NUP was evaluated prospectively for all 4 study groups.
  
  
  
  Overall, the NUP led to correct classification in 42 of 49 (85.7%) patients with chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP), 13 of 15 (86.9%) with multifocal motor neuropathy (MMN), and 5 of 5 (100%) with multifocal-acquired demyelinating sensory and motor neuropathy (MADSAM). The NUP had >80% sensitivity and specificity in distinguishing CIDP, MMN, and MADSAM in all 4 study groups.
  
  
  
  The NUP is a useful addition in the differential diagnosis of chronic immune-mediated neuropathies in everyday practice. Muscle Nerve 54: 864-871, 2016.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, St. Josef Hospital, Gudrunstrasse 56, Ruhr University of Bochum, 44791 Bochum, Germany. antonis.kerasnoudis@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Antonios
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kerasnoudis
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, St. Josef Hospital, Gudrunstrasse 56, Ruhr University of Bochum, 44791 Bochum, Germany.
authors.forename: Kalliopi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Pitarokoili
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, St. Josef Hospital, Gudrunstrasse 56, Ruhr University of Bochum, 44791 Bochum, Germany.
authors.forename: Aiden
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Haghikia
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, St. Josef Hospital, Gudrunstrasse 56, Ruhr University of Bochum, 44791 Bochum, Germany.
authors.forename: Ralf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gold
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, St. Josef Hospital, Gudrunstrasse 56, Ruhr University of Bochum, 44791 Bochum, Germany.
authors.forename: Min-Suk
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Yoon
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D020274:Autoimmune Diseases of the Nervous System / Q000145:classification / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D004594:Electrophysiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010525:Peripheral Nerves / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014463:Ultrasonography
keywords: Bochum ultrasound score; chronic immune-mediated neuropathies; chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy; multifocal acquired demyelinating sensory and motor neuropathy; multifocal motor neuropathy; nerve ultrasound