title: Occurrence of chlorinated and brominated dioxins/furans, PCBs, and brominated flame retardants in blood of German adults.
abstract: Persistent organic pollutants are widespread in the environment, and are associated with a particular health and ecological concern. The human body burden of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDDs/Fs), polybrominated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PBDDs/Fs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polybrominated diphenylether (PBDEs), and hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDs) was determined. Blood samples were collected in Germany, originating from 42 randomly selected subjects between 20 and 68 years old. The median (95th percentile) concentrations, expressed as WHO2005-TEQ for PCDD/PCDFs and dioxin-like PCBs, were 6.2 (19.1) pg/g l.w. and 4.1 (8.8) pg/g l.w., respectively. PBDDs/Fs were found with a median of 2.8 pgTEQ/g l.w. and a 95th percentile of 8.7 pgTEQ/g l.w. (using similar interim TEF values as for PCDDs/Fs) On a median basis, the contribution of PCDD/Fs, dioxin-like PCBs, and PBDDs/Fs to total TEQ were 47%, 31%, and 21%, respectively. The sum of the 6 non-dioxin-like PCBs exhibited a median of 267ng/g l.w. and a 95th percentile of 834ng/g l.w. The median value for the sum of six tetra- to hepta-PBDE congeners was 1.7ng/g l.w. (95th percentile: 4.9ng/g l.w.). BDE 209 was the most abundant congener with a median of 1.8ng/g l.w. HBCDs were only found in some samples, and concentrations ranged between the limit of detection (5ng/g l.w.) and the limit of quantification (16ng/g l.w.). Results for PBDEs and HBCDs are comparable to other European studies. Our study demonstrated that the body burden of PCDD/Fs and PCBs declined continously since the last three decades, but exposure may exceed precautionary guideline levels.
authors.affiliation: Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Department of Chemical Safety and Toxicology, Pfarrstrasse 3, D-80538 Munich, Germany; Institute and Outpatient Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Ziemssenstrasse 1, D-80336 Munich, Germany. Electronic address: hermann.fromme@lgl.bayern.de.
authors.forename: Hermann
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fromme
authors.affiliation: Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Department of Chemical Safety and Toxicology, Pfarrstrasse 3, D-80538 Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Bettina
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hilger
authors.affiliation: Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Department of Pesticides, Contaminants, Nitrosamines, Radioactivity, Dioxins, Irradiation; Veterinaerstrasse 2, D-85764 Oberschleissheim, Germany.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Albrecht
authors.affiliation: Currenta, CUR-SI-GS-Biomonitoring; D-51368 Leverkusen, Germany.
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Gries
authors.affiliation: Currenta, CUR-SI-GS-Biomonitoring; D-51368 Leverkusen, Germany.
authors.forename: Gabriele
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Leng
authors.affiliation: Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Department of Chemical Safety and Toxicology, Pfarrstrasse 3, D-80538 Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Völkel
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000072318:Dibenzofurans / Q000097:blood*; D004147:Dioxins / Q000097:blood*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D005411:Flame Retardants / Q000032:analysis*; D005858:Germany; D055768:Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D006846:Hydrocarbons, Halogenated / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000072318:Dibenzofurans; D004147:Dioxins; D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D005411:Flame Retardants; D055768:Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers; D006846:Hydrocarbons, Halogenated
keywords: Blood; HBCD; PBDD; PBDE; PCB; PCDD