title: Designing Multiagent Dental Materials for Enhanced Resistance to Biofilm Damage at the Bonded Interface.
abstract: The oral environment is considered to be an asperous environment for restored tooth structure. Recurrent dental caries is a common cause of failure of tooth-colored restorations. Bacterial acids, microleakage, and cyclic stresses can lead to deterioration of the polymeric resin-tooth bonded interface. Research on the incorporation of cutting-edge anticaries agents for the design of new, long-lasting, bioactive resin-based dental materials is demanding and provoking work. Released antibacterial agents such as silver nanoparticles (NAg), nonreleased antibacterial macromolecules (DMAHDM, dimethylaminohexadecyl methacrylate), and released acid neutralizer amorphous calcium phosphate nanoparticles (NACP) have shown potential as individual and dual anticaries approaches. In this study, these agents were synthesized, and a prospective combination was incorporated into all the dental materials required to perform a composite restoration: dental primer, adhesive, and composite. We focused on combining different dental materials loaded with multiagents to improve the durability of the complex dental bonding interface. A combined effect of bacterial acid attack and fatigue on the bonding interface simulated the harsh oral environment. Human saliva-derived oral biofilm was grown on each sample prior to the cyclic loading. The oral biofilm viability during the fatigue performance was monitored by the live-dead assay. Damage of the samples that developed during the test was quantified from the fatigue life distributions. Results indicate that the resultant multiagent dental composite materials were able to reduce the acidic impact of the oral biofilm, thereby improving the strength and resistance to fatigue failure of the dentin-resin bonded interface. In summary, this study shows that dental restorative materials containing multiple therapeutic agents of different chemical characteristics can be beneficial toward improving resistance to mechanical and acidic challenges in oral environments.
authors.affiliation: Division of Operative Dentistry, Department of General Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland Baltimore , Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States.
authors.forename: Mary Anne
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Melo
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States.
authors.forename: Santiago
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Orrego
authors.affiliation: Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Division, Department of Endodontics, Prosthodontics and Periodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland Baltimore , Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States.
authors.forename: Michael D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Weir
authors.affiliation: Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Division, Department of Endodontics, Prosthodontics and Periodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland Baltimore , Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States.
authors.forename: Huakun H K
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Science & Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington 98195, United States.
authors.forename: Dwayne D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Arola
mesh_terms: D018441:Biofilms; D003188:Composite Resins; D003731:Dental Caries; D003764:Dental Materials; D006801:Humans; D019344:Lactic Acid; D008422:Materials Testing; D011446:Prospective Studies
chemical_list: D003188:Composite Resins; D003764:Dental Materials; D019344:Lactic Acid
keywords: ammonium compounds; amorphous calcium phosphate; anti-bacterial agents; biofilms; dental caries; dentin; nanoparticles