title: Comparison of the efficacy of a conventional primer and a self-etching primer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In orthodontic practice, the bonding protocol makes use of a primer between the bracket and the enamel surface to create a reliable bond. In order to optimize the technique and reduce bonding time, a new group of primers has been introduced in orthodontics: the self-etching primers (SEP). The aim of this work was to compare their efficacy with that of a traditional primer.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study is a single-center, single-blind, clinical trial using the SEP system on teeth 14 and 25 and the Ortho-Solo(®) system (traditional hydrophilic primer) on teeth 24 and 15 in the same patient. The study population was composed of 100 patients treated in a private orthodontic office in Casablanca. Recruitment for this sample included all patients treated orthodontically without extractions, possessing teeth that were considered healthy, with no occlusal interferences; on the other hand, all patients with mental or physical disabilities, those aged under 14 and those with poor orodental hygiene were excluded from the study. The Kaplan-Meier test was used to compare results.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The bond failure rates for the two groups were 7.5% in the SEP group and 9% in the Ortho-Solo(®) group. The difference between these two adhesive systems was not statistically significant (P=0.34). Concerning the type of bond failure, the comparison again shows no statistically significant difference (P=0.44). In both systems, cohesive failures concerned only 2% of all the brackets bonded.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The clinical trial was performed with a crossover design to avoid bias due to chewing patterns, a factor that is responsible for most of the failures noted in the study. The results of the studies by Miller and Buyukyilmaz, and some others, are in agreement with our results. However other in vivo and in vitro studies contradict our results, showing higher bond failure rates with the self-etching system.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  SEP is as effective as a traditional hydrophilic adhesive and, in addition, possesses advantages in terms of ergonomics and chair-time. The literature confirms the data of this clinical trial and recommends the use of SEP; the only remaining limitation is its high cost.
authors.affiliation: Département d'orthopédie dento-faciale, faculté de médecine dentaire, rue Abou Al Alaa Zahar 21100, BP 9157 Mers Sultan, Casablanca, Morocco. Electronic address: lahcen2228@yahoo.fr.
authors.forename: Lahcen
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ousehal
authors.affiliation: Département d'orthopédie dento-faciale, faculté de médecine dentaire, rue Abou Al Alaa Zahar 21100, BP 9157 Mers Sultan, Casablanca, Morocco.
authors.forename: Amal
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: El Aouame
authors.affiliation: Département d'orthopédie dento-faciale, faculté de médecine dentaire, rue Abou Al Alaa Zahar 21100, BP 9157 Mers Sultan, Casablanca, Morocco.
authors.forename: Zineb
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Rachdy
authors.affiliation: Département d'orthopédie dento-faciale, faculté de médecine dentaire, rue Abou Al Alaa Zahar 21100, BP 9157 Mers Sultan, Casablanca, Morocco.
authors.forename: Ghita
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Benkiran
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D001840:Dental Bonding / Q000379:methods*; D003738:Dental Cements / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D045662:Dental Etching / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D016910:Orthodontic Brackets; D016037:Single-Blind Method
chemical_list: D003738:Dental Cements
keywords: Bonding; Clinical trial; Orthodontic brackets; Self-etching primer; Traditional primer