title: The transcardiac gradient of cardio-microRNAs in the failing heart.
abstract: Differential microRNA expression in peripheral blood has been observed in patients with heart failure, suggesting their value as potential biomarkers and likely contributors to disease mechanisms. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the transcardiac gradient of 84 cardio-microRNAs in healthy and failing hearts to determine which microRNAs are released or absorbed by the myocardium in heart failure.
  
  
  
  Eight healthy volunteers and nine patients with congestive heart failure were included. Arterial and coronary sinus blood samples were collected, and microRNAs were extracted. The expression of microRNAs was analysed using real-time PCR by the miScript miRNA PCR Array Human Cardiovascular Disease. In coronary sinus samples, the microRNAs miR-16-5p, miR-27a-3p, miR-27b-3p, miR-29b-3p, miR-29c-3p, miR-30e-5p, miR-92a-3p, miR-125b-5p, miR-140-5p, miR-195-5p, miR-424-5p, and miR-451a were significantly down-regulated, and let-7a-5p, let-7c-5p, let-7e-5p, miR-23b-3p, miR-107, miR-155-5p, miR-181a-5p, miR-181b-5p and miR-320a were up-regulated in heart failure. Left ventricular filling pressure was negatively correlated with miR-195, miR-16, miR-29b-3p, miR-29c-3p, miR-451a, and miR-92a-3p. The failing heart released let-7b-5p, let-7c-5p, let-7e-5p, miR-122-5p, and miR-21-5p, and absorbed miR-16-5p, miR-17-5p, miR-27a-3p, miR-30a-5p, miR-30d-5p, miR-30e-5p, miR-130a-3p, miR-140-5p, miR-199a-5p, and miR-451a. In silico analyses suggest that the transcardiac gradient of microRNAs in heart failure may target pathways related to heart disease.
  
  
  
  We determined the transcardiac gradient of cardio-microRNAs in failing hearts, which supports the use of these microRNAs as potential biomarkers. The microRNAs described here may have a role in the pathophysiology of heart failure as they might be involved in pathways related to disease progression, including fibrosis.
authors.affiliation: Heart Failure Research Group, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Research Institute VIC, Australia.
authors.forename: Francine Z
authors.initials: FZ
authors.lastname: Marques
authors.affiliation: Heart Centre, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
authors.forename: Donna
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Vizi
authors.affiliation: Heart Failure Research Group, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Research Institute VIC, Australia.
authors.forename: Ouda
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Khammy
authors.affiliation: Heart Failure Research Group, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Research Institute VIC, Australia.|Heart Centre, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
authors.forename: Justin A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Mariani
authors.affiliation: Heart Failure Research Group, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Research Institute VIC, Australia.|Heart Centre, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
authors.forename: David M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Kaye
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001158:Arteries; D001800:Blood Specimen Collection; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003198:Computer Simulation; D054326:Coronary Sinus; D003971:Diastole; D005260:Female; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000378:metabolism*; D008875:Middle Aged; D011312:Pressure; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D035683:MicroRNAs
keywords: Collagen; Heart failure; Transcardiac gradient; miRNAs