title: Integration of metabolomics and proteomics in multiple sclerosis: From biomarkers discovery to personalized medicine.
abstract: Personalized medicine is the science of individualized prevention and therapy. In the last decade, advances in high-throughput approaches allowed the development of proteomic and metabolomic studies in evaluating the association of genetic and phenotypic variability with disease sensitivity and analgesic response. These considerations have more value in case of multiple sclerosis (MuS), a multifactorial disease with high heterogeneity in clinical course and treatment response. In this review, we reported and updated about proteomic and metabolomic studies for the research of new candidate biomarkers in MuS, and difficulties in their clinical applications. We focused especially on the description of both "omics" approaches that, once integrated, may synergically describe pathophysiology conditions. To prove this assumption, we rebuilt interaction between proteins and metabolites described in the literature as potential biomarkers for MuS, and a pathway analysis of these molecules was performed. The result of such speculation demonstrated a strong convergence of proteomic and metabolomic results in this field, showing also a poorness of available tools for incorporating "omics" approaches. In conclusion, the integration of Metabolomics and Proteomics may allow a more complete characterization of such a heterogeneous disease, providing further insights into personalized healthcare.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti- Pescara, Chieti, Italy.|Analytical Biochemistry and Proteomics Unit, Research Centre on Aging (Ce.S.I), University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.
authors.forename: Piero
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Del Boccio
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti- Pescara, Chieti, Italy.|Analytical Biochemistry and Proteomics Unit, Research Centre on Aging (Ce.S.I), University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rossi
authors.affiliation: Analytical Biochemistry and Proteomics Unit, Research Centre on Aging (Ce.S.I), University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.|Department of Neurosciences and Imaging, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: di Ioia
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti- Pescara, Chieti, Italy.|Analytical Biochemistry and Proteomics Unit, Research Centre on Aging (Ce.S.I), University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.
authors.forename: Ilaria
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Cicalini
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti- Pescara, Chieti, Italy.|Analytical Biochemistry and Proteomics Unit, Research Centre on Aging (Ce.S.I), University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sacchetta
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti- Pescara, Chieti, Italy.|Analytical Biochemistry and Proteomics Unit, Research Centre on Aging (Ce.S.I), University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.
authors.forename: Damiana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pieragostino
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D005904:Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007378:Interleukins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D055442:Metabolome / Q000235:genetics*; D055432:Metabolomics / Q000379:methods*; D051379:Mice; D058990:Molecular Targeted Therapy; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D009185:Myelin Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D057285:Precision Medicine; D025941:Protein Interaction Mapping; D040901:Proteomics / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D005904:Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein; D007378:Interleukins; D009185:Myelin Proteins; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases
keywords: Biomarkers; Metabolomics; Multiple sclerosis; Personalized medicine; Proteomics