title: Examining multidimensional sport-confidence in athletes and non-athlete sport performers.
abstract: Sport-confidence is considered a critical success factor for sport performers at all levels. Researchers have suggested that sport-confidence is a multidimensional rather than a unidimensional construct, and the sport-confidence model identified three types of sport-confidence (i.e., physical skills and training, cognitive efficiency, and resilience) that are important for success in sport. However, such multidimensionality of sport-confidence and its measurement have not been fully examined. On a large sample of sport performers with varied skill levels and characteristics, the purpose of the present study was to examine the three-factor model of sport-confidence. We tested the measurement invariance of the Sport-Confidence Inventory across 512 athletes and 1170 non-athlete sport performers. Results from the multiple group model analysis showed that the three-factor model of sport-confidence fit better for the athlete sample than for the non-athlete sample. The results implicate that the three-factor model of sport-confidence model is suitable to athletes, though sport-confidence may appear more unidimensional for non-athletes. The use of the Sport-Confidence Inventory for non-athlete sport performers demands further consideration; however, the findings implicate that it could be a useful tool to assess sport-confidence of sport performers at any levels.
authors.affiliation: a School of Physical Education , Osaka University of Health and Sport Sciences , Osaka , Japan.
authors.forename: Moe
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Machida
authors.affiliation: b Department of Psychology , California State University , Northridge , CA , USA.
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Otten
authors.affiliation: c The Office of the Governor, California State Board of Education , Sacramento , CA , USA.
authors.forename: T Michelle
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Magyar
authors.affiliation: d Department of Kinesiology and Health , Miami University , Oxford , OH , USA.
authors.forename: Robin S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Vealey
authors.affiliation: d Department of Kinesiology and Health , Miami University , Oxford , OH , USA.
authors.forename: Rose Marie
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Ward
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D056352:Athletes / Q000523:psychology*; D054874:Athletic Performance / Q000523:psychology*; D003071:Cognition; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008960:Models, Psychological; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D055500:Resilience, Psychological; D020377:Self Efficacy; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Self-efficacy; learning; psychological assessment; sport psychology