title: YAP induces cisplatin resistance through activation of autophagy in human ovarian carcinoma cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify the role of YAP in cisplatin resistance in human ovarian cancer cells and in the regulation of autophagy in these cancer cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  The cisplatin-sensitive OV2008 parental cell line and its cisplatin-resistant variant C13K were cultured. RNA interference was used to knock down the YAP gene. Accumulation of GFP-LC3 puncta was performed by fluorescence microscopy. The formation of autophagosomes was observed by transmission electron microscopy. Drug sensitivity was examined using CCK-8 assay, while apoptosis, the level of intracellular rhodamine 123 and lysosomal acidification were analyzed by fluorescence-activated cell sorting. Acid phosphatase activity was measured using an acid phosphatase-assay kit. Real-time polymerase chain reaction, Western blotting, and immunofluorescence detection were used to detect the protein and messenger RNA expression of YAP, YAP target genes, CCND1, cleaved PARP, and caspase 3, Atg-3 and -5, and the LC3B protein.
  
  
  RESULTS
  YAP signaling may regulate cisplatin resistance in ovarian cancer cells by augmenting cellular autophagic flux. After knockdown of YAP-sensitized C13K cells to cisplatin by inducing a decrease in autophagy, YAP led to an increase in autophagy via enhancement of autolysosome degradation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  YAP-mediated autophagy may play a protective role in cisplatin-resistant human ovarian cancer cells. Therefore, YAP-mediated autophagy should be explored as a new target for enhancing the efficacy of cisplatin against ovarian cancer and other types of malignancies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Lan
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory for Molecular Diagnosis of Hubei Province, Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xiao-Yan
authors.initials: XY
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University (Shanghai Red House Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital), Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Wang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Bing-Kun
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Zhao-Lian
authors.initials: ZL
authors.lastname: Wei
keywords: YAP protein; autophagy; cisplatin resistance; ovarian carcinoma