title: Histological and Mathematical Analysis of the Irreversibly Electroporated Liver Tissue.
abstract: Irreversible electroporation has clinically been used to treat various types of cancer. A plan on how to apply irreversible electroporation before practicing is very important to increase the ablation area and reduce the side effects. Several electrical models have been developed to predict the ablation area with applied electric energy. In this experiment, the static relationship between applied electric energy and ablated area was mathematically and experimentally investigated at 10 hours after applying irreversible electroporation. We performed the irreversible electroporation on the liver tissue of Sprague Dawley rats (male, 8 weeks, weighing 250-350 g). The ablated area was measured based on histological analysis and compared with the mathematical calculation from the electric energy, assuming that the tissue is homogeneous. The ablated area increased with the increase in applied electric energy. The numerically calculated contour lines of electric energy density overlapped well with the apoptotic area induced by the irreversible electroporation. The overlapped area clearly showed that the destructive threshold of apoptosis between electrodes is electric energy density level of 5.9 × 105J/m3. The results of the present study suggested that the clinical results of the irreversible electroporation on a liver tissue could be predicted through mathematical calculation.
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Cancer Research Institute, SNU-SMG Boramae Medical Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Chang Kyu
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Sung
authors.affiliation: 2 Department of Biosystems & Biomaterials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hong Bae
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: 3 Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jong Hyun
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.affiliation: 4 Department of Electrical and Biological Physics, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Ku Youn
authors.initials: KY
authors.lastname: Baik
authors.affiliation: 5 Quality Management Team, Infopia Co Ltd, Anyang-si, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Kee Wook
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Moon
authors.affiliation: 6 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Research Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical & Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hyung-Sik
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: 6 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Research Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical & Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jeong-Han
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Yi
authors.affiliation: 2 Department of Biosystems & Biomaterials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.|7 Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jong Hoon
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Chung
mesh_terms: D055011:Ablation Techniques; D000465:Algorithms; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D018274:Electroporation; D020287:In Situ Nick-End Labeling; D008099:Liver / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008954:Models, Biological; D015233:Models, Statistical; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
keywords: H&E staining; TUNEL assay; apoptosis; applied electric energy; irreversible electroporation; mathematical analysis