title: Fabrication of Plasmonic Nanorod-Embedded Dipeptide Microspheres via the Freeze-Quenching Method for Near-Infrared Laser-Triggered Drug-Delivery Applications.
abstract: Control of drug release by an external stimulus may provide remote controllability, low toxicity, and reduced side effects. In this context, varying physical external stimuli, including magnetic and electric fields, ultrasound, light, and pharmacological stimuli, have been employed to control the release rate of drug molecules in a diseased region. However, the design and development of alternative on-demand drug-delivery systems that permit control of the dosage of drug released via an external stimulus are still required. Here, we developed near-infrared laser-activatable microspheres based on Fmoc-diphenylalanine (Phe-Phe) dipeptides and plasmonic gold nanorods (AuNRs) via a simple freeze-quenching approach. These plasmonic nanoparticle-embedded microspheres were then employed as a smart drug-delivery platform for native, continuous, and pulsatile doxorubicin (DOX) release. Remarkable sustained, burst, and on-demand DOX release from the fabricated microspheres were achieved by manipulating the laser exposure time. Our results demonstrate that AuNR-embedded dipeptide microspheres have great potential for controlled drug-delivery systems.
authors.affiliation: Bio-inspired Materials Research Laboratory (BIMREL), Department of Chemistry, Gazi University , 06500 Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Hakan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Erdogan
authors.affiliation: Bio-inspired Materials Research Laboratory (BIMREL), Department of Chemistry, Gazi University , 06500 Ankara, Turkey.|Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Sinop University , 57000 Sinop, Turkey.
authors.forename: Mehmet
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yilmaz
authors.affiliation: Bio-inspired Materials Research Laboratory (BIMREL), Department of Chemistry, Gazi University , 06500 Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Esra
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Babur
authors.affiliation: Department of Nanotechnology and Nanomedicine, Institute for Graduate Studies in Science and Engineering, Hacettepe University , 06800 Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Memed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Duman
authors.affiliation: Environmental Engineering Department & Bioengineering Division, Faculty of Engineering, Hacettepe University , 06800 Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Halil M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Aydin
authors.affiliation: Bio-inspired Materials Research Laboratory (BIMREL), Department of Chemistry, Gazi University , 06500 Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Gokhan
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Demirel
mesh_terms: D000903:Antibiotics, Antineoplastic / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry; D004151:Dipeptides / Q000737:chemistry*; D004317:Doxorubicin / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D065546:Drug Liberation; D005615:Freezing; D006046:Gold / Q000737:chemistry; D007259:Infrared Rays; D007834:Lasers; D008280:Magnetics; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D008863:Microspheres; D043942:Nanotubes / Q000737:chemistry*; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols
chemical_list: D000903:Antibiotics, Antineoplastic; D004151:Dipeptides; C026650:phenylalanylphenylalanine; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D006046:Gold; D004317:Doxorubicin