title: Multisite, multivendor validation of the accuracy and reproducibility of proton-density fat-fraction quantification at 1.5T and 3T using a fat-water phantom.
abstract: To evaluate the accuracy and reproducibility of quantitative chemical shift-encoded (CSE) MRI to quantify proton-density fat-fraction (PDFF) in a fat-water phantom across sites, vendors, field strengths, and protocols.
  
  
  
  Six sites (Philips, Siemens, and GE Healthcare) participated in this study. A phantom containing multiple vials with various oil/water suspensions (PDFF:0%-100%) was built, shipped to each site, and scanned at 1.5T and 3T using two CSE protocols per field strength. Confounder-corrected PDFF maps were reconstructed using a common algorithm. To assess accuracy, PDFF bias and linear regression with the known PDFF were calculated. To assess reproducibility, measurements were compared across sites, vendors, field strengths, and protocols using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA), Bland-Altman analysis, and the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC).
  
  
  
  PDFF measurements revealed an overall absolute bias (across sites, field strengths, and protocols) of 0.22% (95% confidence interval, 0.07%-0.38%) and R2> 0.995 relative to the known PDFF at each site, field strength, and protocol, with a slope between 0.96 and 1.02 and an intercept between -0.56% and 1.13%. ANCOVA did not reveal effects of field strength (P = 0.36) or protocol (P = 0.19). There was a significant effect of vendor (F = 25.13, P = 1.07 × 10-10) with a bias of -0.37% (Philips) and -1.22% (Siemens) relative to GE Healthcare. The overall ICC was 0.999.
  
  
  
  CSE-based fat quantification is accurate and reproducible across sites, vendors, field strengths, and protocols. Magn Reson Med 77:1516-1524, 2017. © 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
authors.forename: Diego
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hernando
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
authors.forename: Samir D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
authors.forename: Mounes
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Aliyari Ghasabeh
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.
authors.forename: Bret D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Alvis
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.
authors.forename: Sandeep S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Arora
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, California, USA.
authors.forename: Gavin
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hamilton
authors.affiliation: Siemens Healthcare, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
authors.forename: Jean M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Shaffer
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA.|Department of Radiology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan.
authors.forename: Keitaro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sofue
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, California, USA.
authors.forename: Nikolaus M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Szeverenyi
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.|Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.
authors.forename: E Brian
authors.initials: EB
authors.lastname: Welch
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.
authors.forename: Qing
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA.|Center for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
authors.forename: Mustafa R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Bashir
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
authors.forename: Ihab R
authors.initials: IR
authors.lastname: Kamel
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.
authors.forename: Mark J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Rice
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, California, USA.
authors.forename: Claude B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Sirlin
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.|Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yokoo
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.|Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.|Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.|Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.|Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
authors.forename: Scott B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Reeder
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D001834:Body Water / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D004867:Equipment Design; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000295:instrumentation*; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D011522:Protons; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D011522:Protons
keywords: chemical shift-encoded; fat quantification; multicenter; nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; phantom; proton-density fat-fraction (PDFF); quantitative imaging biomarker