title: Fixation of supraglenoid tubercle fractures using distal femoral locking plates in three Warmblood horses.
abstract: Three horses that were presented with supraglenoid tubercle fractures were treated with open reduction and internal fixation using distal femoral locking plates (DFLP). Placing the DFLP caudal to the scapular spine in order to preserve the suprascapular nerve led to a stable fixation, however, it resulted in infraspinatus muscle atrophy and mild scapulohumeral joint instability (case 1). Placing the DFLP cranial to the scapular spine and under the suprascapular nerve resulted in a stable fixation, however, it resulted in severe atrophy of the supraspinatus and infraspinatus muscles and scapulohumeral joint instability (case 2). Placing the DFLP cranial to the scapular spine and slightly overbending it at the suprascapular nerve passage site resulted in the best outcome (case 3). Only a mild degree of supraspinatus and infraspinatus muscle atrophy was apparent, which resolved quickly and with no effect on scapulohumeral joint stability. In all cases, fixation of supraglenoid tubercle fractures using DFLP in slightly different techniques led to stable fixations with good long-term outcome. One case suffered from a mild incisional infection and plates were removed in two horses. Placement of the DFLP cranial to the scapular spine and slightly overbending it at the suprascapular nerve passage prevented major nerve damage. Further cases investigating the degree of muscle atrophy following the use of the DFLP placed in the above-described technique are justified to improve patient outcome.
authors.forename: Sina
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Frei
authors.forename: Anton E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Fürst
authors.forename: Murielle
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sacks
authors.affiliation: Andrea S. Bischofberger, Equine Hospital, Equine Department, Vetsuisse-Faculty, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland, E-mail: abischofberger@vetclinics.uzh.ch.
authors.forename: Andrea S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Bischofberger
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001860:Bone Plates / Q000662:veterinary*; D005260:Female; D005269:Femur / Q000601:surgery; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005593:Fracture Fixation, Internal / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D050723:Fractures, Bone / Q000601:surgery / Q000662:veterinary*; D006736:Horses / Q000293:injuries* / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D012540:Scapula / Q000293:injuries* / Q000601:surgery; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: Scapula; distal femoral locking plate; fracture; supraglenoid tubercle; suprascapular nerve