title: Antioxidative and Neuroprotective Effects of Curcumin in an Alzheimer's Disease Rat Model Co-Treated with Intracerebroventricular Streptozotocin and Subcutaneous D-Galactose.
abstract: Epidemiological data imply links between the increasing incidences of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus. In this study, an AD rat model was established by combining treatments with intracerebroventricular streptozotocin (icv-STZ) and subcutaneous D-galactose, and the effects of curcumin on depressing AD-like symptoms were investigated. In the AD model group, rats were treated with icv-STZ in each hippocampus with 3.0 mg/kg of bodyweight once and then were subcutaneously injected with D-galactose daily (125 mg/kg of bodyweight) for 7 weeks. In the curcumin-protective group, after icv-STZ treatment, rats were treated with D-galactose (the same as in the AD model group) and intraperitoneally injected with curcumin daily (10 mg/kg of bodyweight) for 7 weeks. Vehicle-treated rats were treated as control. Compared with the vehicle control, the amount of protein carbonylation and glutathione in liver, as well as malondialdehyde in serum, were upregulated but glutathione peroxidase activity in blood was downregulated in the AD model group. The shuttle index and locomotor activity of rats in the AD model group were decreased compared with the vehicle control group. Furthermore, AD model rats showed neuronal damage and neuron loss with formation of amyloid-like substances and neurofibrillary tangles, and the levels of both β-cleavage of AβPP and phosphorylation of tau (Ser396) were significantly increased compared with the vehicle control group. Notably, compared with the AD model group, oxidative stress was decreased and the abilities of active avoidance and locomotor activity were improved, as well as attenuated neurodegeneration, in the curcumin-protective group. These results imply the applications of this animal model for AD research and of curcumin in the treatment of AD.
authors.affiliation: Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functional Foods, Beijing Union University, Beijing, China.|College of Arts and Science, Beijing Union University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Han-Chang
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functional Foods, Beijing Union University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Bo-Wen
authors.initials: BW
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.affiliation: Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functional Foods, Beijing Union University, Beijing, China.|College of Arts and Science, Beijing Union University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functional Foods, Beijing Union University, Beijing, China.|College of Arts and Science, Beijing Union University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functional Foods, Beijing Union University, Beijing, China.|College of Arts and Science, Beijing Union University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Jiang-Yan
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: College of Arts and Science, Beijing Union University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Xiao-Wei
authors.initials: XW
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functional Foods, Beijing Union University, Beijing, China.|College of Arts and Science, Beijing Union University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Zhao-Feng
authors.initials: ZF
authors.lastname: Jiang
mesh_terms: D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D053829:Amyloid Precursor Protein Secretases / Q000378:metabolism; D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D016282:Aspartic Acid Endopeptidases / Q000378:metabolism; D003474:Curcumin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005690:Galactose / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000378:metabolism; D007276:Injections, Intraventricular / Q000379:methods; D007279:Injections, Subcutaneous / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000097:blood; D018782:Maze Learning / Q000187:drug effects; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D053764:Presenilin-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D050050:Protein Carbonylation / Q000187:drug effects; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013311:Streptozocin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D016875:tau Proteins / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides; C489131:Mapt protein, rat; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D053764:Presenilin-1; D016875:tau Proteins; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D013311:Streptozocin; D053829:Amyloid Precursor Protein Secretases; D016282:Aspartic Acid Endopeptidases; C509282:Bace1 protein, mouse; D005978:Glutathione; D003474:Curcumin; D005690:Galactose
keywords: Alzheimer’s disease; D-galactose; animal model; curcumin; neurodegeneration; streptozotocin