title: Antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of flavonoids isolated from Pistacia integerrima galls.
abstract: The present study deals with the anti-hyperalgesic and anti-inflammtory effects of flavonoids (1-4) isolated from the chloroform fraction of Pistacia integerrima galls. The structure of isolated compounds was elucidated by using advance spectroscopy analysis and comparing their physical spectral data with reported one. The pretreatment of compounds (1-4) caused significant anti-hyperalgesic effects in acetic acid induced writhing test in a dose dependent manner. The compounds strongly complimented the effects in both phases of formalin test. However, the administration of naloxone did not abolish the induced antinociceptive effects and therefore suggested the absence of opioid receptor involvement. The pretreatment of flavonoids (1-4) elicited marked anti-inflammtory effects in carrageenan induced paw edema test in mice during various assessment times (1-5 h). The effects were dose dependent and maximum results were observed after 3rd h of treatments which remained significant up to 5th hour. It is concluded that the isolated flavonoids (1-4) possessed strong anti-hyperalgesic and anti-inflammtory activity and thus are strong candidates for further detail studies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Geology, University of Swabi, Anbar, K.P.K 23561, Pakistan. Electronic address: mashaljcs@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Abdur
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rauf
authors.affiliation: Institute of Chemical Sciences, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, KP 25120, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Ghias
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Uddin
authors.affiliation: H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Bina S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Siddiqui
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan 23200, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Haroon
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Sarhad University of Science & Information Technology (SUIT), Peshawar, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Syed Uzair Ali
authors.initials: SU
authors.lastname: Shah
authors.affiliation: LCM Laboratory, University of Mohamed 1st, Faculty of Sciences, Oujda 60000, Morocco.
authors.forename: Taibi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ben Hadda
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Yahia Nasser
authors.initials: YN
authors.lastname: Mabkhot
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Umar
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Farooq
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Ajmal
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Khan
mesh_terms: D000700:Analgesics / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects*; D004487:Edema / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D059408:Pain Management / Q000379:methods; D010147:Pain Measurement; D027927:Pistacia / Q000737:chemistry*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D005419:Flavonoids; D010936:Plant Extracts
keywords: Anti-inflammatory; Flavonoids; Muscle relaxant and antinociceptive activities; Pistacia integerrima galls