title: Single-needle arthrocentesis (Shepard cannula) vs. double-needle arthrocentesis for treating disc displacement without reduction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare single- vs. double-needle arthrocentesis with viscosupplementation for treating disc displacement without reduction of the temporomandibular joint.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-six patients with a magnetic resonance imaging diagnosis of non-reducing disc displacement were included. Arthrocentesis with viscosupplementation was performed on patients in group I using the Y-shaped needle (Shepard cannula) technique; the standard double-needle technique was performed on patients in group II. Patients were evaluated on postoperative day 1, and 1, 3, and 6 months later, patient- and procedure-related parameters were assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In both groups, significant improvement in the baseline levels was achieved (p < 0.01). Both techniques were equally effective at reducing pain and increasing the maximal mouth opening. The single-needle technique was easier to perform and required a shorter operative time (p < 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Single-needle (Shepard cannula) arthrocentesis can be an alternative to the standard technique; however, it might add to the cost of the procedure.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences , College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah , Sharjah , UAE.|b College of Dentistry, Suez Canal University , Ismailia , Egypt.
authors.forename: Wael
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Talaat
authors.affiliation: b College of Dentistry, Suez Canal University , Ismailia , Egypt.
authors.forename: Mohamed M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Ghoneim
authors.affiliation: b College of Dentistry, Suez Canal University , Ismailia , Egypt.
authors.forename: Mohammed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Elsholkamy
mesh_terms: D000069237:Arthrocentesis / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*; D000072601:Cannula; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D004204:Joint Dislocations / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D009339:Needles; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular / Q000502:physiology; D013704:Temporomandibular Joint / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D019224:Temporomandibular Joint Disc / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D013705:Temporomandibular Joint Disorders / Q000601:surgery*; D055676:Viscosupplementation / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*
keywords: Arthrocentesis; Disc displacement without reduction; Shepard cannula; Temporomandibular disorders; Temporomandibular joint