title: Metabolomics reveals effects of maternal smoking on endogenous metabolites from lipid metabolism in cord blood of newborns.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A general detrimental effect of smoking during pregnancy on the health of newborn children is well-documented, but the detailed mechanisms remain elusive.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Beside the specific influence of environmental tobacco smoke derived toxicants on developmental regulation the impact on the metabolism of newborn children is of particular interest, first as a general marker of foetal development and second due to its potential predictive value for the later occurrence of metabolic diseases.
  
  
  METHODS
  Tobacco smoke exposure information from a questionnaire was confirmed by measuring the smoking related metabolites S-Phenyl mercapturic acid, S-Benzyl mercapturic acid and cotinine in maternal urine by LC-MS/MS. The impact of smoking on maternal endogenous serum metabolome and children's cord blood metabolome was assessed in a targeted analysis of 163 metabolites by an LC-MS/MS based assay. The anti-oxidative status of maternal serum samples was analysed by chemoluminiscence based method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Here we present for the first time results of a metabolomic assessment of the cordblood of 40 children and their mothers. Several analytes from the group of phosphatidylcholines, namely PCaaC28:1, PCaaC32:3, PCaeC30:1, PCaeC32:2, PCaeC40:1, and sphingomyelin SM C26:0, differed significantly in mothers and children's sera depending on smoking status. In serum of smoking mothers the antioxidative capacity of water soluble compounds was not significantly changed while there was a significant decrease in the lipid fraction.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data give evidence that smoking during pregnancy alters both the maternal and children's metabolome. Whether the different pattern found in adults compared to newborn children could be related to different disease outcomes should be in the focus of future studies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Metabolomics, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
authors.forename: Ulrike E
authors.initials: UE
authors.lastname: Rolle-Kampczyk
authors.affiliation: Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Centre Munich & Mathematics, Oberschleißheim, Germany.
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Krumsiek
authors.affiliation: Department of Proteomics, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Otto
authors.affiliation: Core Facility Studies, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
authors.forename: Stefan W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Röder
authors.affiliation: Department of Metabolomics, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
authors.forename: Tibor
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kohajda
authors.affiliation: Hospital "St. Georg" GmbH Leipzig, Academic Teaching Hospital of the University of Leipzig, Delitzscher Straße 141, 04129 Leipzig, Germany.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Borte
authors.affiliation: Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Centre Munich & Mathematics, Oberschleißheim, Germany ; TU Munich, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Fabian
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Theis
authors.affiliation: Core Facility Studies, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany ; Department of Environmental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
authors.forename: Irina
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Lehmann
authors.affiliation: Department of Metabolomics, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany ; Department of Proteomics, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany ; Department of Environmental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany ; Faculty of Biosciences, Pharmacy and Psychology, Institute of Biochemistry, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany ; Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Center for Microbial Communities, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: von Bergen
keywords: Cord blood; Pollutant derivatives; Serum metabolom; Smoking