title: Practice patterns in endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy: survey of the American Rhinologic Society.
abstract: The introduction of advanced endoscopic techniques has facilitated significant growth in endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy (EnDCR). The purpose of this study is to evaluate clinical practice patterns of otolaryngologists performing EnDCR.
  
  
  
  A 25-item survey was electronically disseminated to the American Rhinologic Society (ARS) membership from November 17, 2014 to December 14, 2014. The target group encompassed 1157 ARS members.
  
  
  
  A total of 85 (7.3%) physicians completed the survey. EnDCR was performed by 87% of respondents. The annual average number of EnDCR cases ranged from 1 to 10 in 65% of respondents, 11 to 25 in 15%, 26 to 50 in 6%, and >50 in 1%. A total of 48% of respondents had some to a lot of DCR exposure during training, and 60% had completed a rhinology fellowship. Respondents frequently perform preoperative nasal endoscopy and computed tomography (CT) imaging, but very infrequently perform ophthalmologic workup. Lacrimal stents were used often or always in 80%, with 38% keeping stents in place for 6 to 8 weeks. The mucosal flap preservation technique was used often or always in 40%. Topical antimetabolites were used often or always in only 1%. Ophthalmology was present in most cases to perform lacrimal intubation. Postoperative antibiotics, topical ophthalmic steroids, and oral steroids were prescribed often or always in 62%, 47%, and 23%, respectively. Postoperative endoscopic debridement was performed often or always in 69%. A total of 81% of respondents followed DCR patients for >2 months, with 17% following these patients for >1 year.
  
  
  
  There is widespread integration of EnDCR procedures into rhinologic clinical practice among respondents. EnDCR practice patterns demonstrate moderate variation. In conjunction with evidence-based medicine, these trends can highlight areas of controversy and help advance patient care.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kaiser Permanente Oakland Medical Center, Oakland, CA.
authors.forename: Sonia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA.
authors.forename: Christopher H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Le
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kaiser Permanente Oakland Medical Center, Oakland, CA. jonathan.liang@kp.org.
authors.forename: Jonathan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liang
mesh_terms: D003608:Dacryocystorhinostomy; D004724:Endoscopy; D006801:Humans; D059035:Perioperative Period; D011182:Postoperative Care; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians'; D011300:Preoperative Care; D012955:Societies, Medical; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014481:United States
keywords: endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy; lacrimal stents; nasolacrimal duct obstruction; ophthalmology; practice patterns