title: Etherification of Wood-Based Hemicelluloses for Interfacial Activity.
abstract: We present wetting, hygroscopicity, and interfacial activity of hemicellulose with respect to etherification and contrast it to their potential as interfacial modifiers, which is demonstrated by oil-in-water emulsification containing up to 60 vol% of the oil phase. Tunable amphiphilicity of hardwood and softwood hemicelluloses, xylans, and galactoglucomannans, respectively, was accomplished via controlled etherification. A series of degree of substitution (DS) of hydroxypropylated and 3-butoxy-2-hydroxypropylated ("butylated") grades was synthesized. The hemicellulose ethers were characterized by gel permeation chromatography, spectroscopic techniques, such as NMR, and contact angle measurements. An attenuated total reflectance infrared method was developed for fast identification of the DS. Near infrared analysis was utilized to explore the hygroscopicity of the material and to perform principle component analysis. The modification to butylated grades decreased the hygroscopicity, whereas the hydroxypropylated grades bound moisture. All of the hemicellulose ethers were water-soluble. The interfacial tension of the aqueous hemicellulose solutions was determined by pendant-drop tensiometer, and it was demonstrated to be dependent on the degree of modification.
authors.affiliation: University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna , Konrad Lorenz Straße 24, 3430 Tulln, Austria.
authors.forename: Tiina
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nypelö
authors.affiliation: VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd. , P.O. Box 1000, FI-02044 Espoo, Finland.
authors.forename: Christiane
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Laine
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Textile Science and Technology, Shinshu University , 3-15-1 Tokida, Ueda, Nagano 386-8567, Japan.
authors.forename: Masaaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Aoki
authors.affiliation: VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd. , P.O. Box 1000, FI-02044 Espoo, Finland.
authors.forename: Tekla
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tammelin
authors.affiliation: University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna , Konrad Lorenz Straße 24, 3430 Tulln, Austria.
authors.forename: Ute
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Henniges
mesh_terms: D002850:Chromatography, Gel; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000737:chemistry*; D013500:Surface Tension; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry*; D017155:Wettability; D014934:Wood / Q000737:chemistry*; D014990:Xylans / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D011134:Polysaccharides; D014990:Xylans; D014867:Water; C007916:hemicellulose