title: Searching for New Biomarkers and the Use of Multivariate Analysis in Gastric Cancer Diagnostics.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The first aim of this study was to search for new biomarkers to be used in gastric cancer diagnostics. The second aim was to verify the findings presented in literature on a sample of the local population and investigate the risk of gastric cancer in that population using a multivariant statistical analysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  We assessed a group of 36 patients with gastric cancer and 69 healthy individuals. We determined carcinoembryonic antigen, cancer antigen 19-9, cancer antigen 72-4, matrix metalloproteinases (-1, -2, -7, -8 and -9), osteoprotegerin, osteopontin, prothrombin induced by vitamin K absence-II, pepsinogen I, pepsinogen II, gastrin and Helicobacter pylori for each sample.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The multivariate stepwise logistic regression identified the following biomarkers as the best gastric cancer predictors: CEA, CA72-4, pepsinogen I, Helicobacter pylori presence and MMP7.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CEA and CA72-4 remain the best markers for gastric cancer diagnostics. We suggest a mathematical model for the assessment of risk of gastric cancer.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Immunoanalysis, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Medical School and Teaching Hospital in Pilsen, Charles University in Prague, Pilsen, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Radek
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kucera
authors.affiliation: Surgical Clinic, Medical School and Teaching Hospital in Pilsen, Charles University in Prague, Pilsen, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Smid
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Immunoanalysis, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Medical School and Teaching Hospital in Pilsen, Charles University in Prague, Pilsen, Czech Republic topolcan@fnplzen.cz.
authors.forename: Ondrej
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Topolcan
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Immunoanalysis, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Medical School and Teaching Hospital in Pilsen, Charles University in Prague, Pilsen, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Marie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Karlikova
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology and Radiotherapy, Medical School and Teaching Hospital in Pilsen, Charles University in Prague, Pilsen, Czech Republic Biomedical Center, Medical School in Pilsen, Charles University in Prague, Pilsen, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Ondrej
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Fiala
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Immunoanalysis, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Medical School and Teaching Hospital in Pilsen, Charles University in Prague, Pilsen, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Slouka
authors.affiliation: Surgical Clinic, Medical School and Teaching Hospital in Pilsen, Charles University in Prague, Pilsen, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Tomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Skalicky
authors.affiliation: Surgical Clinic, Medical School and Teaching Hospital in Pilsen, Charles University in Prague, Pilsen, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Vladislav
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Treska
authors.affiliation: Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical Faculty in Pilsen, Charles University in Prague, Pilsen, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Vlastimil
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Kulda
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Immunoanalysis, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Medical School and Teaching Hospital in Pilsen, Charles University in Prague, Pilsen, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Vaclav
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Simanek
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Immunoanalysis, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Medical School and Teaching Hospital in Pilsen, Charles University in Prague, Pilsen, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Safanda
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biology, Medical Faculty in Pilsen, Charles University in Prague, Pilsen, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pesta
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial / Q000097:blood; D015295:Antigens, Tumor-Associated, Carbohydrate / Q000097:blood; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000097:blood*; D002272:Carcinoembryonic Antigen / Q000097:blood; D016481:Helicobacter Infections / Q000276:immunology; D016480:Helicobacter pylori / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000097:blood; D020783:Matrix Metalloproteinase 7 / Q000097:blood; D008875:Middle Aged; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D020116:Pepsinogen A / Q000097:blood; D012307:Risk Factors; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis
chemical_list: D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial; D015295:Antigens, Tumor-Associated, Carbohydrate; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; C083825:CA-72-4 antigen; D002272:Carcinoembryonic Antigen; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D020116:Pepsinogen A; C060932:MMP7 protein, human; D020783:Matrix Metalloproteinase 7
keywords: Gastric cancer; biomarkers; gastric cancer index; tumor markers