title: MYBPC3 hypertrophic cardiomyopathy can be detected by using advanced ECG in children and young adults.
abstract: The conventional ECG is commonly used to screen for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), but up to 25% of adults and possibly larger percentages of children with HCM have no distinctive abnormalities on the conventional ECG, whereas 5 to 15% of healthy young athletes do. Recently, a 5-min resting advanced 12-lead ECG test ("A-ECG score") showed superiority to pooled criteria from the strictly conventional ECG in correctly identifying adult HCM. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether in children and young adults, A-ECG scoring could detect echocardiographic HCM associated with the MYBPC3 genetic mutation with greater sensitivity than conventional ECG criteria and distinguish healthy young controls and athletes from persons with MYBPC3 HCM with greater specificity.
  
  
  
  Five-minute 12-lead ECGs were obtained from 15 young patients (mean age 13.2years, range 0-30years) with MYBPC3 mutation and phenotypic HCM. The conventional and A-ECG results of these patients were compared to those of 198 healthy children and young adults (mean age 13.2, range 1month-30years) with unremarkable echocardiograms, and to those of 36 young endurance-trained athletes, 20 of whom had athletic (physiologic) left ventricular hypertrophy.
  
  
  
  Compared with commonly used, age-specific pooled criteria from the conventional ECG, a retrospectively generated A-ECG score incorporating results from just 2 derived vectorcardiographic parameters (spatial QRS-T angle and the change in the vectorcardiographic QRS azimuth angle from the second to the third eighth of the QRS interval) increased the sensitivity of ECG for identifying MYBPC3 HCM from 46% to 87% (p<0.05). Use of the same score also demonstrated superior specificity in a set of 198 healthy controls (94% vs. 87% for conventional ECG criteria; p<0.01) including in a subset of 36 healthy, young endurance-trained athletes (100% vs. 69% for conventional ECG criteria, p<0.001).
  
  
  
  In children and young adults, a 2-parameter 12-lead A-ECG score is retrospectively significantly more sensitive and specific than pooled, age-specific conventional ECG criteria for detecting MYBPC3-HCM and in distinguishing such patients from healthy controls, including endurance-trained athletes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Pediatric Heart Center, Skane University Hospital and Lund University; Department of Pediatrics, Linkoping University Hospital, Linkoping University, Sweden. Electronic address: eva.fernlund@med.lu.se.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Fernlund
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Pediatric Heart Center, Skane University Hospital and Lund University.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Liuba
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Clinical Sciences, Arrhythmia Clinic, Skane University Hospital and Lund University.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Carlson
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Clinical Sciences, Arrhythmia Clinic, Skane University Hospital and Lund University.
authors.forename: P G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Platonov
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Physiology, Karolinska University Hospital and Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Nicollier-Schlegel SARL, Trélex, Switzerland.
authors.forename: T T
authors.initials: TT
authors.lastname: Schlegel
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000465:Algorithms; D024741:Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic, Familial / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000235:genetics*; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003936:Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D004562:Electrocardiography / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D055815:Young Adult; D000099163:Myosin Binding Protein C
chemical_list: D002352:Carrier Proteins; D000099163:Myosin Binding Protein C
keywords: Spatial QRS-T angle; Sudden cardiac death; Vectorcardiogram