title: Expressional profile of the diacylglycerol kinase eta gene DGKH.
abstract: Bipolar disorder (BPD) is a genetically complex mental disorder, which is characterized by recurrent depressive and manic episodes, occurring with a typical cyclical course. In a recent study, we were able to identify a risk haplotype for BPD, as well as for unipolar depression and adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), within the DGKH gene. DGKH codes for the eta (η) isoform of diacylglycerol kinase, which is involved in the phosphoinositol pathway. In the present study, we determined the expressional profile of Dgkh using quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR), in situ hybridization and immunohistological staining in the human and in the mouse brain. Expression studies showed that two different Dgkh transcripts exhibited distinct occurrence in a variety of murine tissues and also differed in their expression levels. The proteins encoded by those transcripts differ in functional protein domains suggesting distinct biochemical and cell biological properties and functions. qPCR analyses revealed an increase in Dgkh expression during mouse brain development indicating a possible role of this kinase in late developmental stages. Immunostainings revealed strong Dgkh expression in neurons of the hippocampus and the cerebellum of the murine brain, whereas highest expression levels of DGKH in the human brain were found in the striatum. Taken together, our studies revealed expressional changes during mouse brain development and occurrence of Dgkη in neurons of regions that have been linked to BPD as well as ADHD in humans providing evidence for the implication of DGKH in those disorders.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Frankfurt, Heinrich-Hoffmann-Str. 10, 60528, Frankfurt, Germany. lena.weissflog@kgu.de.
authors.forename: Lena
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Weißflog
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Würzburg, Füchsleinstr. 15, 97080, Würzburg, Germany.|Department of Behavioral Physiology and Sociobiology, Theodor-Boveri-Institute of Bioscience, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Nils
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Becker
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Würzburg, Füchsleinstr. 15, 97080, Würzburg, Germany.|Leiden Institute of Physics, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands.
authors.forename: Nelli
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Bossert
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Frankfurt, Heinrich-Hoffmann-Str. 10, 60528, Frankfurt, Germany.
authors.forename: Florian
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Freudenberg
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Frankfurt, Heinrich-Hoffmann-Str. 10, 60528, Frankfurt, Germany.
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kittel-Schneider
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Frankfurt, Heinrich-Hoffmann-Str. 10, 60528, Frankfurt, Germany.
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Reif
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D001921:Brain / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology*; D000070642:Brain Injuries, Traumatic / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology*; D004274:DNA, Recombinant / Q000235:genetics; D019852:Diacylglycerol Kinase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D004622:Embryo, Mammalian; D005260:Female; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic / Q000502:physiology*; D005904:Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008875:Middle Aged; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D014404:Tubulin / Q000378:metabolism; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D004274:DNA, Recombinant; D005904:Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D014404:Tubulin; C000610117:DGKH protein, human; D019852:Diacylglycerol Kinase
keywords: Bipolar disorder; Diacylglycerol kinase; Gene expression; Genetics; Histology