title: Characterization of the levan produced by Paenibacillus bovis sp. nov BD3526 and its immunological activity.
abstract: Paenibacillus bovis sp. nov BD3526 synthesizes a large amount of exopolysaccharides (EPSs) (36.25g/L) in a semi-defined chemical medium containing 20% (w/v) sucrose. The EPSs were extracted from the cultured broth by ethanol precipitation and purified via anion-exchange and gel permeation chromatography. The Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra showed that the primary EPS fraction (F1) was a linear β (2→6)-linked levan. The peak molecular weight (Mp) of the levan exceeded 2.6×10(6)Da based on high-performance size-exclusion chromatography (HPSEC). The levan adopted a spherical conformation in aqueous solution as confirmed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The corresponding levansucrase was identified by SDS-PAGE analysis and in situ polymer synthesis. The in vitro assay demonstrated that the levan significantly stimulated the proliferation of spleen cells and induced the expression of TNF-α, indicating its potential as a natural immunomodulator.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology, Institute of Bright Dairy & Food Co., Ltd., 1518 West Jiangchang Road, Shanghai 200436, PR China; Innovative Platform for the Industry of Dairy Product, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Shanghai, PR China.
authors.forename: Xiaofen
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology, Institute of Bright Dairy & Food Co., Ltd., 1518 West Jiangchang Road, Shanghai 200436, PR China; Innovative Platform for the Industry of Dairy Product, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Shanghai, PR China.
authors.forename: Caixia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology, Institute of Bright Dairy & Food Co., Ltd., 1518 West Jiangchang Road, Shanghai 200436, PR China; Innovative Platform for the Industry of Dairy Product, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Shanghai, PR China.
authors.forename: Zhenmin
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology, Institute of Bright Dairy & Food Co., Ltd., 1518 West Jiangchang Road, Shanghai 200436, PR China; Innovative Platform for the Industry of Dairy Product, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Shanghai, PR China.
authors.forename: Jiang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology, Institute of Bright Dairy & Food Co., Ltd., 1518 West Jiangchang Road, Shanghai 200436, PR China; Innovative Platform for the Industry of Dairy Product, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Shanghai, PR China.
authors.forename: Jin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology, Institute of Bright Dairy & Food Co., Ltd., 1518 West Jiangchang Road, Shanghai 200436, PR China; Innovative Platform for the Industry of Dairy Product, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Shanghai, PR China.
authors.forename: Minghui
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology, Institute of Bright Dairy & Food Co., Ltd., 1518 West Jiangchang Road, Shanghai 200436, PR China; Innovative Platform for the Industry of Dairy Product, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Shanghai, PR China. Electronic address: wuzhengjun@brightdairy.com.
authors.forename: Zhengjun
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D005630:Fructans / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006602:Hexosyltransferases / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D056747:Immunomodulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D051379:Mice; D008970:Molecular Weight; D009005:Monosaccharides / Q000032:analysis; D056507:Paenibacillus / Q000378:metabolism*; D013154:Spleen / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D005630:Fructans; D009005:Monosaccharides; C072599:levan; D006602:Hexosyltransferases; C021513:levansucrase
keywords: Conformation; Cytokines; Levan; Levansucrase; Paenibacillus