title: Immediate skin responses to laser and light treatments: Therapeutic endpoints: How to obtain efficacy.
abstract: Clinical endpoints are immediate or early tissue reactions that occur during laser treatment. They can guide the laser surgeon in delivering safe and effective laser treatment. Some endpoints act as warning signs of injury to the skin; others can indicate a therapeutic response. The first article in this series reviewed undesirable and warning endpoints, and this article focuses on desirable and therapeutic endpoints and their underlying mechanisms in laser surgery. We will also review treatments without clinical endpoints.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. Electronic address: mwanner@partners.org.
authors.forename: Molly
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wanner
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Fernanda H
authors.initials: FH
authors.lastname: Sakamoto
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Mathew M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Avram
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.
authors.forename: Henry H
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois.
authors.forename: Murad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Alam
authors.affiliation: Lebanese American University School of Medicine, Beirut, Lebanon.
authors.forename: Zeina
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Tannous
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: R Rox
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Anderson
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D053685:Laser Therapy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D010789:Phototherapy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D018570:Risk Assessment; D017445:Skin Diseases, Vascular / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: endpoint; immediate skin responses; laser; light; skin; therapeutic