title: Contemporary evaluation and management of renal trauma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Renal trauma occurs in approximately 1%-5% of all trauma cases. Improvements in imaging and management over the last two decades have caused a shift in the treatment of this clinical condition.
  
  
  METHODS
  A systematic search of PubMed was performed to identify relevant and contemporary articles that referred to the management and evaluation of renal trauma.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Computed tomography remains a mainstay of radiological evaluation in hemodynamically stable patients. There is a growing body of literature showing that conservative, non-operative management of renal trauma is safe, even for Grade IV-V renal injuries. If surgical exploration is planned due to other injuries, a conservative approach to the kidney can often be utilized. Follow up imaging may be warranted in certain circumstances. Urinoma, delayed bleeding, and hypertension are complications that require follow up.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Appropriate imaging and conservative approaches are a mainstay of current renal trauma management.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Jyoti D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Chouhan
authors.forename: Andrew G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Winer
authors.forename: Christina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: Jeffrey P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Weiss
authors.forename: Llewellyn M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Hyacinthe
mesh_terms: D003952:Diagnostic Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D019468:Disease Management; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000293:injuries*; D014572:Urology / Q000379:methods*; D014947:Wounds and Injuries / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy