title: Ricin-Holotoxin-Based Vaccines: Induction of Potent Ricin-Neutralizing Antibodies.
abstract: Ricin is one of the most potent and lethal toxins known to which there is no available antidote. Currently, the most promising therapy is based on neutralizing antibodies elicited by active vaccination or given passively. Here, detailed protocols are provided for the production of two ricin holotoxin-based vaccines: monomerized subunit-based vaccine, and a formaldehyde-based ricin toxoid vaccine. Both vaccines were found to be stable with no toxic activity reversion even after long-term storage while eliciting high anti-ricin antibody titers possessing a potent neutralizing activity. The use of these vaccines is highly suitable for both the production of sera that can be used in passive protection experiments and immunization aimed to isolate potent anti-ricin monoclonal antibodies.
authors.affiliation: The Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona, 74100, Israel.
authors.forename: Tamar
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sabo
authors.affiliation: The Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona, 74100, Israel.
authors.forename: Chanoch
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kronman
authors.affiliation: The Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona, 74100, Israel. ohadm@iibr.gov.il.
authors.forename: Ohad
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Mazor
mesh_terms: D057134:Antibodies, Neutralizing / Q000276:immunology*; D006027:Glycosides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology*; D057809:HEK293 Cells; D006801:Humans; D007114:Immunization; D008958:Models, Molecular; D011487:Protein Conformation; D012276:Ricin / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology*; D014315:Triterpenes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology*; D014612:Vaccines / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D057134:Antibodies, Neutralizing; D006027:Glycosides; D014315:Triterpenes; D014612:Vaccines; C001883:stichoposide; D012276:Ricin
keywords: Acetylcholinesterase; HEK293 cells; Holotoxin; Neutralizing antibodies; Ricin; Subunit-based vaccine immunization; Toxoid