title: Surface reactivity and in vitro toxicity on human bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B) of nanomaterials intermediates of the production of titania-based composites.
abstract: Titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles (NPs) are manufactured worldwide in large quantities for use in a wide range of applications. Evaluating the hazards associated with TiO2 NPs is crucial as it enables risk assessment related to human and environmental exposure. In this study the in vitro human toxicity of a set of TiO2 NPs modified with acetic, oleic and boric acids were studied in order to assess the hazard in view of a future scale-up of the synthesis. The surface reactivity of the powders under simulated solar illumination and in the dark has been evaluated by means of EPR spectroscopy. Human bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B) have been chosen as a model for lung epithelium. Cytotoxicity has been assessed by measuring the cells membrane integrity by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay, and the inflammatory response evaluated as nitric oxide (NO) and TNF-α production, and oxidative stress measured as intracellular reduced glutathione (GSH) levels, and induced lipoperoxidation. Aeroxide P25 was used for comparison. The results demonstrated a low photoreactivity and toxic effects lower than Aeroxide P25 of the nano-TiO2 powders, probably as a consequence of the presence of acidic moieties at the surface.
authors.affiliation: Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technology Department, University of Salento, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy; Istituto di Nanotecnologia (CNR NANOTEC) University of Salento, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy.
authors.forename: Viviana
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Vergaro
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Italy; "G. Scansetti" Interdepartmental Centre for Studies on Asbestos and other Toxic Particulates, University of Torino, Italy.
authors.forename: Elisabetta
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Aldieri
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and NIS - Nanostructured Interfaces and Surfaces, University of Torino, Italy; "G. Scansetti" Interdepartmental Centre for Studies on Asbestos and other Toxic Particulates, University of Torino, Italy. Electronic address: ivana.fenoglio@unito.it.
authors.forename: Ivana
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Fenoglio
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and NIS - Nanostructured Interfaces and Surfaces, University of Torino, Italy; "G. Scansetti" Interdepartmental Centre for Studies on Asbestos and other Toxic Particulates, University of Torino, Italy.
authors.forename: Arianna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Marucco
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Bari, Via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy.
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Carlucci
authors.affiliation: Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technology Department, University of Salento, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy; Istituto di Nanotecnologia (CNR NANOTEC) University of Salento, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy. Electronic address: giuseppe.ciccarella@unisalento.it.
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ciccarella
mesh_terms: D019342:Acetic Acid / Q000737:chemistry; D001888:Boric Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D001980:Bronchi / Q000166:cytology; D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase / Q000378:metabolism; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D019301:Oleic Acid / Q000737:chemistry; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D013499:Surface Properties; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D001888:Boric Acids; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; C009495:titanium dioxide; D019301:Oleic Acid; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D014025:Titanium; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; D005978:Glutathione; D019342:Acetic Acid; C032688:boric acid
keywords: Cytotoxicity; Hazard; Inflammation; Lung; Oxidative stress; TiO(2)