title: Enhanced anti-oxidative effect of fermented Korean mistletoe is originated from an increase in the contents of caffeic acid and lyoniresinol.
abstract: Viscum album var. coloratum (Korean mistletoe; KM) is an herbal medicine that is used worldwide for the treatment of various immunological disorders and cancers. KM extract showed enhanced anti-oxidative effects in 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity, and 5-(and-6)-chloromethyl-2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate acetyl ester assays after being fermented with a crude enzyme extract from a soybean paste fungus, Aspergillus kawachii. High-performance liquid chromatography analysis showed four increased peaks in enzyme treated KM. The increased peaks were isolated and identified as caffeic acid (1), hesperetin (2), syringaldehyde (3), and lyoniresinol (4). Among the four compounds, only 1 and 4 showed strong anti-oxidative activity. Therefore, the fermentation increased the contents of 1 and 4, which consequently increased the anti-oxidative activity of KM.
authors.affiliation: Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea. jim2946@naver.com upgradequeen@hanmail.net kssong@knu.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Se-Yong
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Eun-Ju
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Youn Kyoung
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Son
authors.forename: Joo-Hong
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Yeo
authors.forename: Kyung-Sik
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Song
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000840:Anisoles / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D001230:Aspergillus / Q000378:metabolism; D001547:Benzaldehydes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification; D002109:Caffeic Acids / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D002460:Cell Line; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D005285:Fermentation; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000032:analysis; D018698:Glutamic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D029001:Herbal Medicine; D006569:Hesperidin / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification; D051379:Mice; D014784:Mistletoe / Q000737:chemistry*; D009281:Naphthalenes / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D012997:Solvents
chemical_list: D000840:Anisoles; D000975:Antioxidants; D001547:Benzaldehydes; D002109:Caffeic Acids; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D009281:Naphthalenes; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D010936:Plant Extracts; D012997:Solvents; C502379:lyoniresinol; C069665:syringaldehyde; D018698:Glutamic Acid; D006569:Hesperidin; C013015:hesperetin; C040048:caffeic acid