title: A 3D high resolutionex vivowhite matter atlas of the common squirrel monkey (Saimiri sciureus) based on diffusion tensor imaging.
abstract: Modern magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) brain atlases are high quality 3-D volumes with specific structures labeled in the volume. Atlases are essential in providing a common space for interpretation of results across studies, for anatomical education, and providing quantitative image-based navigation. Extensive work has been devoted to atlas construction for humans, macaque, and several non-primate species (e.g., rat). One notable gap in the literature is the common squirrel monkey - for which the primary published atlases date from the 1960's. The common squirrel monkey has been used extensively as surrogate for humans in biomedical studies, given its anatomical neuro-system similarities and practical considerations. This work describes the continued development of a multi-modal MRI atlas for the common squirrel monkey, for which a structural imaging space and gray matter parcels have been previously constructed. This study adds white matter tracts to the atlas. The new atlas includes 49 white matter (WM) tracts, defined using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) in three animals and combines these data to define the anatomical locations of these tracks in a standardized coordinate system compatible with previous development. An anatomist reviewed the resulting tracts and the inter-animal reproducibility (i.e., the Dice index of each WM parcel across animals in common space) was assessed. The Dice indices range from 0.05 to 0.80 due to differences of local registration quality and the variation of WM tract position across individuals. However, the combined WM labels from the 3 animals represent the general locations of WM parcels, adding basic connectivity information to the atlas.
authors.affiliation: Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN USA; Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN USA.
authors.forename: Yurui
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN USA.
authors.forename: Prasanna
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Parvathaneni
authors.affiliation: Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN USA; Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN USA.
authors.forename: Kurt G
authors.initials: KG
authors.lastname: Schilling
authors.affiliation: Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN USA; Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN USA.
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN USA.
authors.forename: Iwona
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Stepniewska
authors.affiliation: Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN USA.
authors.forename: Zhoubing
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN USA; Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN USA.
authors.forename: Ann S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Choe
authors.affiliation: Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN USA; Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN USA; Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN USA; Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN USA.
authors.forename: Zhaohua
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.affiliation: Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN USA; Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN USA; Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN USA; Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN USA.
authors.forename: John C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Gore
authors.affiliation: Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN USA; Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN USA.
authors.forename: Li Min
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN USA; Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN USA; Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN USA; Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN USA.
authors.forename: Bennett A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Landman
authors.affiliation: Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN USA; Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN USA; Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN USA.
authors.forename: Adam W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Anderson
keywords: brain atlas; diffusion tensor imaging; magnetic resonance imaging; neuroanatomy; squirrel monkey; tractography; white matter atlas