title: Social buffering ameliorates conditioned fear responses in female rats.
abstract: The stress experienced by an animal is ameliorated when the animal is exposed to distressing stimuli along with a conspecific animal(s). This is known as social buffering. Previously, we found that the presence of an unfamiliar male rat induced social buffering and ameliorated conditioned fear responses of a male rat subjected to an auditory conditioned stimulus (CS). However, because our knowledge of social buffering is highly biased towards findings in male subjects, analyses using female subjects are crucial for comprehensively understanding the social buffering phenomenon. In the present studies, we assessed social buffering of conditioned fear responses in female rats. We found that the estrus cycle did not affect the intensity of the rats' fear responses to the CS or their degree of vigilance due to the presence of a conspecific animal. Based on these findings, we then assessed whether social buffering ameliorated conditioned fear responses in female rats without taking into account their estrus cycles. When fear conditioned female rats were exposed to the CS without the presence of a conspecific, they exhibited behavioral responses, including freezing, and elevated corticosterone levels. By contrast, the presence of an unfamiliar female rat suppressed these responses. Based on these findings, we conclude that social buffering can ameliorate conditioned fear responses in female rats.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Veterinary Ethology, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan.
authors.forename: Akiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ishii
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Veterinary Ethology, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan. Electronic address: akiyo@mail.ecc.u-tokyo.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Yasushi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kiyokawa
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Veterinary Ethology, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan.
authors.forename: Yukari
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Takeuchi
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Veterinary Ethology, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Mori
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological / Q000502:physiology; D000818:Animals; D003214:Conditioning, Classical / Q000502:physiology; D003213:Conditioning, Psychological / Q000502:physiology*; D003345:Corticosterone / Q000097:blood; D005239:Fear / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012919:Social Behavior; D012931:Social Environment
chemical_list: D003345:Corticosterone
keywords: Estrus cycle; Fear conditioning; Female; Sex difference; Social buffering