title: Climate-smart soils.
abstract: Soils are integral to the function of all terrestrial ecosystems and to food and fibre production. An overlooked aspect of soils is their potential to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions. Although proven practices exist, the implementation of soil-based greenhouse gas mitigation activities are at an early stage and accurately quantifying emissions and reductions remains a substantial challenge. Emerging research and information technology developments provide the potential for a broader inclusion of soils in greenhouse gas policies. Here we highlight 'state of the art' soil greenhouse gas research, summarize mitigation practices and potentials, identify gaps in data and understanding and suggest ways to close such gaps through new research, technology and collaboration.
authors.affiliation: Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA.|Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA.
authors.forename: Keith
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Paustian
authors.affiliation: Atkinson Center for a Sustainable Future, Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Johannes
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lehmann
authors.affiliation: Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA.|Department of Ecosystem Science and Sustainability, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA.
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ogle
authors.affiliation: School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Reay
authors.affiliation: W. K. Kellogg Biological Station and Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA.
authors.forename: G Philip
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Robertson
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK.
authors.forename: Pete
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Smith
mesh_terms: D000383:Agriculture / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods* / Q000639:trends; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000378:metabolism; D057965:Carbon Sequestration; D017752:Greenhouse Effect / Q000517:prevention & control*; D038622:Internationality; D008697:Methane / Q000378:metabolism; D009609:Nitrous Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D012106:Research / Q000639:trends; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry*; D035501:Uncertainty
chemical_list: D012987:Soil; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D009609:Nitrous Oxide; D008697:Methane