title: The Five-Factor Model personality traits in schizophrenia: A meta-analysis.
abstract: Personality is one of important factors in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia because it affects patients' symptoms, cognition and social functioning. Several studies have reported specific personality traits in patients with schizophrenia compared with healthy subjects. However, the results were inconsistent among studies. The NEO Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI) measures five personality traits: Neuroticism (N), Extraversion (E), Openness (O), Agreeableness (A) and Conscientiousness (C). Here, we performed a meta-analysis of these personality traits assessed by the NEO-FFI in 460 patients with schizophrenia and 486 healthy subjects from the published literature and investigated possible associations between schizophrenia and these traits. There was no publication bias for any traits. Because we found evidence of significant heterogeneity in all traits among the studies, we applied a random-effect model to perform the meta-analysis. Patients with schizophrenia showed a higher score for N and lower scores for E, O, A and C compared with healthy subjects. The effect sizes of these personality traits ranged from moderate to large. These differences were not affected by possible moderator factors, such as gender distribution and mean age in each study, expect for gender effect for A. These findings suggest that patients with schizophrenia have a different personality profile compared with healthy subjects.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuropsychiatry, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan. Electronic address: ohi@kanazawa-med.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Kazutaka
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ohi
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuropsychiatry, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Takamitsu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shimada
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuropsychiatry, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Yusuke
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nitta
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuropsychiatry, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kihara
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuropsychiatry, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Okubo
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuropsychiatry, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Uehara
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuropsychiatry, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Yasuhiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kawasaki
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000523:psychology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003242:Conscience; D005120:Extraversion, Psychological; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D000075384:Neuroticism; D010551:Personality; D010555:Personality Inventory; D010556:Personality Tests; D012559:Schizophrenia; D012565:Schizophrenic Psychology
keywords: Big-five; Five-Factor Model; NEO-FFI; NEO-IP-R; Personality trait; Schizophrenia