title: Hydrolyzed fish proteins modulates both inflammatory and antioxidant gene expression as well as protein expression in a co culture model of liver and head kidney cells isolated from Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar).
abstract: Hydrolyzed fish proteins (H-pro) contain high concentrations of free amino acids and low molecular peptides that potentially may benefit fish health. The following study aimed to test whether the water-soluble phase of H-pro could attenuate lipopolysaccharide (LPS) provoked inflammation in liver cells and head kidney cells isolated from Atlantic salmon. Cells were grown as mono cultures or co cultures to assess possible crosstalk between immune cells and metabolic cells during treatments. Cells were added media with or without H-pro for 2 days before LPS exposure and harvested 24 h post LPS exposure. Respective cells without H-pro and LPS were used as controls. H-pro alone could affect expression of proteins directly as H-pro increased catalase protein expression in head kidney- and liver cells, regardless of culturing methods and LPS treatment. Leukotriene B4 (LTB4) production was also increased by H-pro in head kidney cells co cultured with liver cells. H-pro increased LPS induced interleukin 1β (IL-1β) transcription in liver cells co cultured with head kidney cells. All cultures of head kidney cells showed a significant increase in IL-1β transcription when treated with H-pro + LPS. H-pro decreased caspase-3 transcription in liver cells cultured co cultured with head kidney cells. Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor α (PPAR α) was upregulated, regardless of treatment, in liver cells co cultured with head kidney cells clearly showing that culturing method alone affected gene transcription. H-pro alone and together with LPS as an inflammation inducer, affect both antioxidant and inflammatory responses.
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research (NIFES), P.B. 2029, Nordnes, N-5817, Norway. Electronic address: eho@nifes.no.
authors.forename: Elisabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Holen
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research (NIFES), P.B. 2029, Nordnes, N-5817, Norway.
authors.forename: Juyun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research (NIFES), P.B. 2029, Nordnes, N-5817, Norway.
authors.forename: Pedro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Araujo
authors.affiliation: Hordafor AS, Salthella, N-5397, Bekkjarvik, Norway.
authors.forename: Jørgen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Seliussen
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research (NIFES), P.B. 2029, Nordnes, N-5817, Norway.
authors.forename: Marit
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Espe
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed / Q000032:analysis; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D018920:Coculture Techniques; D004032:Diet / Q000662:veterinary; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism*; D029941:Fish Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D060226:Head Kidney / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D007249:Inflammation; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D011550:Pseudomonas aeruginosa / Q000276:immunology; D020317:Salmo salar / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D004044:Dietary Proteins; D029941:Fish Proteins; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides
keywords: Co culture model of liver and head kidney cells; Hydrolyzed fish proteins; Immunomodulation; Isolated from Atlantic salmon; Oxidative modulation