title: Effects of different fertilizers on the abundance and community structure of ammonia oxidizers in a yellow clay soil.
abstract: Yellow clay paddy soil (Oxisols) is a typical soil with low productivity in southern China. Nitrification inhibitors and slow release fertilizers have been used to improve nitrogen fertilizer utilization and reduce environmental impaction of the paddy soil. However, their effects on ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) and ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) in paddy soil have rarely been investigated. In the present work, we compared the influences of several slow release fertilizers and nitrification inhibitors on the community structure and activities of the ammonia oxidizers in yellow clay soil. The abundances and community compositions of AOA and AOB were determined with qPCR, terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP), and clone library approaches. Our results indicated that the potential nitrification rate (PNR) of the soil was significantly related to the abundances of both AOA and AOB. Nitrogen fertilizer application stimulated the growth of AOA and AOB, and the combinations of nitrapyrin with urea (NPU) and urea-formaldehyde (UF) inhibited the growth of AOA and AOB, respectively. Compared with other treatments, the applications of NPU and UF also led to significant shifts in the community compositions of AOA and AOB, respectively. NPU showed an inhibitory effect on AOA T-RF 166 bp that belonged to Nitrosotalea. UF had a negative effect on AOB T-RF 62 bp that was assigned to Nitrosospira. These results suggested that NPU inhibited PNR and increased nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) by inhibiting the growth of AOA and altering AOA community. UF showed no effect on NUE but decreased AOB abundance and shifted AOB community.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China. hyyao@iue.ac.cn.|Ningbo Urban Environment Observation and Research Station-NUEORS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315800, China. hyyao@iue.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Huaiying
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China.|Ningbo Urban Environment Observation and Research Station-NUEORS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315800, China.|University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Sha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: School of Marine Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China.
authors.forename: Qiongfen
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Qiu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China.
authors.forename: Yaying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
authors.forename: Lianghuan
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
authors.forename: Wenhai
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Mi
authors.affiliation: Zhejiang Aofutuo Chemical Company, Shaoxing, 312369, China.
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Dai
mesh_terms: D000641:Ammonia / Q000378:metabolism*; D001105:Archaea / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*; D001419:Bacteria / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*; D005308:Fertilizers / Q000382:microbiology*; D058465:Nitrification / Q000502:physiology*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D012150:Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length / Q000235:genetics; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry; D012988:Soil Microbiology
chemical_list: D005308:Fertilizers; D012987:Soil; D000641:Ammonia
keywords: Ammonia-oxidizing archaea; Ammonia-oxidizing bacteria; Nitrification inhibitor; Slow release fertilizer