title: Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (100-1000 mg/l) can affect vitamin E response in Arabidopsis thaliana.
abstract: In the present study we analyze the effect of seed treatment by a range of nano-TiO2 concentrations on the growth of Arabidopsis thaliana plants, on the vitamin E content and the expression of its biosynthetic genes, as well as activity of antioxidant enzymes and lipid peroxidation. To conduct the mechanistic analysis of nano-TiO2 on plants growth and antioxidant status we applied nanoparticles concentrations that are much higher than those reported in the environment. We find that as the concentration of nano-TiO2 increases, the biomass, and chlorophyll content in 5-week-old Arabidopsis thaliana plants decrease in a concentration dependent manner. In opposite, higher nano-TiO2 concentration enhanced root growth. Our results indicate that a high concentration of nano-TiO2 induces symptoms of toxicity and elevates the antioxidant level. We also find that the expression levels of tocopherol biosynthetic genes were either down- or upregulated in response to nano-TiO2. Thermoluminescence analysis shows that higher nano-TiO2 concentrations cause lipid peroxidation. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report concerning the effect of nano-TiO2 on vitamin E status in plants. We conclude that nano-TiO2 affects the antioxidant response in Arabidopsis thaliana plants. This could be an effect of a changes in vitamin E gene expression that is diminished under lower tested nano-TiO2 concentrations and elevated under 1000 μg/ml.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Physics and Biophysics, Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, AGH University of Science and Technology, Reymonta 19, 30-059 Krakow, Poland. Electronic address: renata.szymanska@fis.agh.edu.pl.
authors.forename: Renata
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Szymańska
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Physics and Biophysics, Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, AGH University of Science and Technology, Reymonta 19, 30-059 Krakow, Poland.
authors.forename: Karolina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kołodziej
authors.affiliation: The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Niezapominajek 21, 30-239 Kraków, Poland.
authors.forename: Ireneusz
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ślesak
authors.affiliation: The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Niezapominajek 21, 30-239 Kraków, Poland.
authors.forename: Paulina
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Zimak-Piekarczyk
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Physics and Biophysics, Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, AGH University of Science and Technology, Reymonta 19, 30-059 Krakow, Poland.
authors.forename: Aleksandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Orzechowska
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Krakow, Poland.
authors.forename: Michał
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gabruk
authors.affiliation: Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Krakow, Poland.
authors.forename: Andrzej
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Żądło
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Physics and Biophysics, Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, AGH University of Science and Technology, Reymonta 19, 30-059 Krakow, Poland.
authors.forename: Iwona
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Habina
authors.affiliation: Department of Hydrogeology and Geological Engineering, Faculty of Geology, Geophysics and Environmental Protection, AGH University of Science and Technology, Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland.
authors.forename: Wiesław
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Knap
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Physics and Biophysics, Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, AGH University of Science and Technology, Reymonta 19, 30-059 Krakow, Poland.
authors.forename: Květoslava
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Burda
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Krakow, Poland.
authors.forename: Jerzy
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kruk
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism*; D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D018533:Biomass; D002734:Chlorophyll / Q000378:metabolism; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity; D017343:Genes, Plant; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects*; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000633:toxicity; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D012639:Seeds / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D014025:Titanium / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity; D014810:Vitamin E / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D014810:Vitamin E; D002734:Chlorophyll; C009495:titanium dioxide; D014025:Titanium
keywords: Antioxidants; Nanoparticles; Plants; Titanium dioxide; Vitamin E