title: Review of treatment for discoid lupus erythematosus.
abstract: Discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE) is a chronic cutaneous disease characterized by inflammatory plaques that, in the absence of prompt diagnosis and treatment, may lead to disfiguring scarring and skin atrophy. However, there is limited evidence for which treatments are most effective. Currently, no medications have been approved specifically for the treatment of DLE. Many of the drugs described in the literature were developed for use in other immune disorders. This review will summarize current therapeutic options for DLE and their supporting evidence with discussion of prevention, topical measures, physical modalities, and systemic therapies, including newer potential therapies.
authors.affiliation: Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.|Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Dermatology, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Anna Cristina
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Garza-Mayers
authors.affiliation: Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: McClurkin
authors.affiliation: Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.|Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Dermatology, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Gideon P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Smith
mesh_terms: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones / Q000008:administration & dosage; D065095:Calcineurin Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003622:Dapsone / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D006886:Hydroxychloroquine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D053685:Laser Therapy; D008179:Lupus Erythematosus, Discoid / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000628:therapy*; D008727:Methotrexate / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010789:Phototherapy; D012176:Retinoids / Q000008:administration & dosage; D016540:Smoking Cessation; D013792:Thalidomide / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones; D065095:Calcineurin Inhibitors; D012176:Retinoids; D006886:Hydroxychloroquine; D013792:Thalidomide; D003622:Dapsone; D008727:Methotrexate
keywords: chronic cutaneous; discoid; lupus; therapeutics