title: Soil ionomic and enzymatic responses and correlations to fertilizations amended with and without organic fertilizer in long-term experiments.
abstract: To investigate potential interactions between the soil ionome and enzyme activities affected by fertilization with or without organic fertilizer, soil samples were collected from four long-term experiments over China. Irrespective of variable interactions, fertilization type was the major factor impacting soil ionomic behavior and accounted for 15.14% of the overall impact. Sampling site was the major factor affecting soil enzymatic profile and accounted for 34.25% of the overall impact. The availabilities of Pb, La, Ni, Co, Fe and Al were significantly higher in soil with only chemical fertilizer than the soil with organic amendment. Most of the soil enzyme activities, including α-glucosidase activity, were significantly activated by organic amendment. Network analysis between the soil ionome and the soil enzyme activities was more complex in the organic-amended soils than in the chemical fertilized soils, whereas the network analysis among the soil ions was less complex with organic amendment. Moreover, α-glucosidase was revealed to generally harbor more corrections with the soil ionic availabilities in network. We concluded that some of the soil enzymes activated by organic input can make the soil more vigorous and stable and that the α-glucosidase revealed by this analysis might help stabilize the soil ion availability.
authors.affiliation: Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
authors.forename: Xumeng
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.affiliation: Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
authors.forename: Ning
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ling
authors.affiliation: Crop Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Science, Hefei, 230031, China.
authors.forename: Huan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
authors.forename: Chen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.
authors.forename: Yinghua
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Duan
authors.affiliation: Agriculture Environment and Resources Center, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130033, China.
authors.forename: Chang
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.affiliation: Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
authors.forename: Guanghui
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Ran
authors.affiliation: Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
authors.forename: Qirong
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.affiliation: Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
authors.forename: Shiwei
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Guo
mesh_terms: D004798:Enzymes / Q000378:metabolism*; D005308:Fertilizers; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D009930:Organic Chemicals; D012987:Soil
chemical_list: D004798:Enzymes; D005308:Fertilizers; D009930:Organic Chemicals; D012987:Soil