title: Distraction Osteogenesis Correction of Mandibular Ramis Fracture Malunion in a Juvenile Mute Swan ( Cygnus olor ).
abstract: A juvenile mute swan (Cygnus olor) was presented with right lateral deviation of the mandible. Radiographs demonstrated a healed fracture of the right mandibular ramis, which had compromised osteogenesis. A corrective osteotomy was performed and an osteogenic distractor was inserted over the lateral aspect of the right mandible. Dental acrylic implants were fixed to the rhinotheca to correct rotational alignment. A pharyngostomy tube was placed to facilitate administration of nutrition and medication. Postoperative images confirmed correct alignment of the mandible in relation to the maxilla. Implants were removed and postoperative complications were not reported. This is the first report of an osteogenic distractor used to correct mandibular deviation in an avian species. Distraction osteogenesis should be considered as a valid surgical option in juvenile or adult avian patients with pathologic bone shortening.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Calvo Carrasco
authors.forename: Thomas A G
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Dutton
authors.forename: Naomi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Shimizu
authors.forename: Mikel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sabater
authors.forename: Neil A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Forbes
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000835:Animals, Wild; D046090:Anseriformes; D001715:Bird Diseases / Q000601:surgery*; D017102:Fracture Healing / Q000502:physiology*; D017759:Fractures, Malunited / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D008337:Mandibular Fractures / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D019857:Osteogenesis, Distraction / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*
keywords: Cygnus olor; avian; distraction osteogenesis; fracture; mandible; misaligned ossification; mute swan; orthopedics; rhinotheca