title: Global response of Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans ATCC 53993 to high concentrations of copper: A quantitative proteomics approach.
abstract: Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans is used in industrial bioleaching of minerals to extract valuable metals. A. ferrooxidans strain ATCC 53993 is much more resistant to copper than other strains of this microorganism and it has been proposed that genes present in an exclusive genomic island (GI) of this strain would contribute to its extreme copper tolerance. ICPL (isotope-coded protein labeling) quantitative proteomics was used to study in detail the response of this bacterium to copper. A high overexpression of RND efflux systems and CusF copper chaperones, both present in the genome and the GI of strain ATCC 53993 was found. Also, changes in the levels of the respiratory system proteins such as AcoP and Rus copper binding proteins and several proteins with other predicted functions suggest that numerous metabolic changes are apparently involved in controlling the effects of the toxic metal on this acidophile.
  
  
  
  Using quantitative proteomics we overview the adaptation mechanisms that biomining acidophiles use to stand their harsh environment. The overexpression of several genes present in an exclusive genomic island strongly suggests the importance of the proteins coded in this DNA region in the high tolerance of A. ferrooxidans ATCC 53993 to metals.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.
authors.forename: Cristóbal
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Martínez-Bussenius
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.
authors.forename: Claudio A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Navarro
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.
authors.forename: Luis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Orellana
authors.affiliation: Proteomics Laboratory, National Biotechnology Center, CSIC, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Paradela
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.
authors.forename: Carlos A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Jerez
mesh_terms: D042763:Acidithiobacillus / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects*; D000222:Adaptation, Physiological / Q000235:genetics; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000032:analysis / Q000502:physiology; D003300:Copper / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004361:Drug Tolerance / Q000235:genetics; D016680:Genome, Bacterial; D040901:Proteomics / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D003300:Copper
keywords: Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans; Copper resistance; Genomic Island; ICPL