title: Posterior alpha oscillations reflect attentional problems in boys with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed to characterize alpha modulations in children with ADHD in relation to their attentional performance.
  
  
  METHODS
  The posterior alpha activity (8-12Hz) was measured in 30 typically developing children and 30 children with ADHD aged 7-10years, using EEG while they performed a visuospatial covert attention task. We focused the analyses on typically developing boys (N=9) and boys with ADHD (N=17).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Alpha activity in typically developing boys was similar to previous results of healthy adults: it decreased in the hemisphere contralateral to the attended hemifield, whereas it relatively increased in the other hemisphere. However, in boys with ADHD this hemispheric lateralization in the alpha band was not obvious (group contrast, p=.018). A robust relation with behavioral performance was lacking in both groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The ability to modulate alpha oscillations in visual regions with the allocation of spatial attention was clearly present in typically developing boys, but not in boys with ADHD.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results open up the possibility to further study the underlying mechanisms of ADHD by examining how differences in the fronto-striatal network might explain different abilities in modulating the alpha band activity.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Kapittelweg 29, 6525 EN Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University Centre, Reinier Postlaan 12, 6526 GC Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboudumc, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands. Electronic address: madelonvollebregt@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Madelon A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Vollebregt
authors.affiliation: Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Kapittelweg 29, 6525 EN Nijmegen, The Netherlands. Electronic address: johanna.zumer@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Johanna M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Zumer
authors.affiliation: Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Kapittelweg 29, 6525 EN Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University Centre, Reinier Postlaan 12, 6526 GC Nijmegen, The Netherlands. Electronic address: n.terhuurne@karakter.com.
authors.forename: Niels
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ter Huurne
authors.affiliation: Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Kapittelweg 29, 6525 EN Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University Centre, Reinier Postlaan 12, 6526 GC Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboudumc, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands. Electronic address: jan.buitelaar@radboudumc.nl.
authors.forename: Jan K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Buitelaar
authors.affiliation: Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Kapittelweg 29, 6525 EN Nijmegen, The Netherlands. Electronic address: o.jensen@donders.ru.nl.
authors.forename: Ole
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Jensen
mesh_terms: D000513:Alpha Rhythm / Q000502:physiology*; D001288:Attention / Q000502:physiology*; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001921:Brain / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002648:Child; D004569:Electroencephalography; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000502:physiology; D014796:Visual Perception / Q000502:physiology
keywords: ADHD; Alpha inhibition; Attentional bias; Children; Covert attention; Electroencephalography