title: Implementation and clinical application of a deformation method for fast simulation of biological tissue formed by fibers and fluid.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this paper is to provide a general discussion, algorithm, and actual working programs of the deformation method for fast simulation of biological tissue formed by fibers and fluid. In order to demonstrate the benefit of the clinical applications software, we successfully used our computational program to deform a 3D breast image acquired from patients, using a 3D scanner, in a real hospital environment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The method implements a quasi-static solution for elastic global deformations of objects. Each pair of vertices of the surface is connected and defines an elastic fiber. The set of all the elastic fibers defines a mesh of smaller size than the volumetric meshes, allowing for simulation of complex objects with less computational effort. The behavior similar to the stress tensor is obtained by the volume conservation equation that mixes the 3D coordinates. Step by step, we show the computational implementation of this approach.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  As an example, a 2D rectangle formed by only 4 vertices is solved and, for this simple geometry, all intermediate results are shown. On the other hand, actual implementations of these ideas in the form of working computer routines are provided for general 3D objects, including a clinical application.
authors.affiliation: Faculdade UnB Planaltina, University of Brasilia, 70919-970 Brasilia, DF Brazil.
authors.forename: Ana Gabriella de Oliveira
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Sardinha
authors.affiliation: Medicine Department, University of Brasilia, 70919-970 Brasilia, DF Brazil.
authors.forename: Ceres Nunes de Resende
authors.initials: CN
authors.lastname: Oyama
authors.affiliation: Faculdade UnB Planaltina, University of Brasilia, 70919-970 Brasilia, DF Brazil.
authors.forename: Armando
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: de Mendonça Maroja
authors.affiliation: Faculdade UnB Planaltina, University of Brasilia, 70919-970 Brasilia, DF Brazil.
authors.forename: Ivan F
authors.initials: IF
authors.lastname: Costa
keywords: Computer-assisted intervention; Image-guided surgery; Real-time interactive simulation; Soft tissue biomechanics; Virtual reality