title: Serum and CSF adiponectin, leptin, and interleukin 6 levels as adipocytokines in Egyptian children with febrile seizures: a cross-sectional study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A febrile seizure (FS) is the most common convulsive disorder in children. Activation of cytokine network is involved in FS pathogenesis. Adiponectin, leptin and IL-6 are the major adipocytokines secreted by fat cells. To date, only a few studies concerned the association of adipocytokines with febrile seizures. In this study, we tried to investigate serum and CSF levels of adiponectin, leptin, and interleukin-6 (IL-6); as adipocytokines, for the first time in Egyptian children with febrile seizures.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a prospective cross-sectional study included one hundred patients with febrile seizure, and matched with age, gender, 100 children with febrile illness without seizures (febrile control, FC) and 100 healthy control group (HC). Serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of adiponectin, leptin, and (IL-6) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Serum adiponectin was significantly higher in children with FS (16.8 ± 3.7 ug/ml) and the FC group (18.3 ± 4.3 ug/ml) compared to the HC group (9.5 ± 2.2 ug/ml); P < 0.05, respectively. Serum leptin was significantly lower in children with FS (0.9 ± 0.3 ng/ml) compared to both the FC group (4.7 ± 1.2 ng/ml) and the HC group (1.8 ± 0.4 ng/ml); P < 0.01, respectively. Children with FS had significantly higher serum IL-6 levels (43.7 ± 11.7 ng/ml) than the FC group (21.9 ± 4.5 ng/ml) and the HC group (6.5 ± 1.8 ng/ml); P < 0.01, respectively. Patients with simple febrile seizures (SFS) had serum and CSF adiponectin levels similar to those with complex febrile seizures (CFS); (P > 0.05). Serum and CSF leptin levels were significantly lower in patients with CFS compared to the SFS group (P < 0.05). Serum and CSF IL-6 levels were significantly higher in patients with CFS compared to the SFS group (P < 0.01). On multivariate logistic regression analysis, the high serum IL-6 levels was the most significant risk factor associated with febrile seizures among studied children (OR: 6.2; 95 % CI: 3.58 -10.57; P = 0.0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data brought a novel observation that some adipocytokines like leptin and IL-6 could be, at least in part, an aetiopathogenetic factor in the manifestation of febrile seizures in susceptible Egyptian children. Moreover, we observed a significant association between high CSF IL-6 levels and susceptibility to complex febrile seizures as did the low CSF leptin levels.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, 18 Omar Bin Elkhattab St, Al Qawmia, Zagazig City, AlSharqia Governorate, Egypt. Seham_Azab@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Seham F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Azab
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, 18 Omar Bin Elkhattab St, Al Qawmia, Zagazig City, AlSharqia Governorate, Egypt.
authors.forename: Mohamed A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Abdalhady
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, 18 Omar Bin Elkhattab St, Al Qawmia, Zagazig City, AlSharqia Governorate, Egypt.
authors.forename: Mohamed A A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Almalky
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, 18 Omar Bin Elkhattab St, Al Qawmia, Zagazig City, AlSharqia Governorate, Egypt.
authors.forename: Ezzat K
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Amin
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, 18 Omar Bin Elkhattab St, Al Qawmia, Zagazig City, AlSharqia Governorate, Egypt.
authors.forename: Dina T
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Sarhan
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, 18 Omar Bin Elkhattab St, Al Qawmia, Zagazig City, AlSharqia Governorate, Egypt.
authors.forename: Eman M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Elhindawy
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, 18 Omar Bin Elkhattab St, Al Qawmia, Zagazig City, AlSharqia Governorate, Egypt.
authors.forename: Mayy A N
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Allah
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, 18 Omar Bin Elkhattab St, Al Qawmia, Zagazig City, AlSharqia Governorate, Egypt.
authors.forename: Ahmed A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Elhewala
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, 18 Omar Bin Elkhattab St, Al Qawmia, Zagazig City, AlSharqia Governorate, Egypt.
authors.forename: Mohamed M A
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Salam
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, 18 Omar Bin Elkhattab St, Al Qawmia, Zagazig City, AlSharqia Governorate, Egypt.
authors.forename: Mustafa I A
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Hashem
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, 18 Omar Bin Elkhattab St, Al Qawmia, Zagazig City, AlSharqia Governorate, Egypt.
authors.forename: Attia A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Soliman
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, 18 Omar Bin Elkhattab St, Al Qawmia, Zagazig City, AlSharqia Governorate, Egypt.
authors.forename: Nagwa E
authors.initials: NE
authors.lastname: Akeel
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, 18 Omar Bin Elkhattab St, Al Qawmia, Zagazig City, AlSharqia Governorate, Egypt.
authors.forename: Sawsan H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Abdellatif
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, 18 Omar Bin Elkhattab St, Al Qawmia, Zagazig City, AlSharqia Governorate, Egypt.
authors.forename: Nahla A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Elsamad
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, 18 Omar Bin Elkhattab St, Al Qawmia, Zagazig City, AlSharqia Governorate, Egypt.
authors.forename: Anwar A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Rass
authors.affiliation: M.D. Clinical Pathology, Mansoura Student Hospital, Mansoura, Egypt.
authors.forename: Manal S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Arafat
mesh_terms: D054392:Adipokines / Q000097:blood* / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid*; D052242:Adiponectin / Q000097:blood* / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid*; D002648:Child; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004534:Egypt; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood* / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid*; D020738:Leptin / Q000097:blood* / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid*; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies; D003294:Seizures, Febrile / Q000097:blood* / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid*
chemical_list: D054392:Adipokines; D052242:Adiponectin; D015850:Interleukin-6; D020738:Leptin
keywords: Febrile seizure; adipocytokines; adiponectin; interleukin-6; leptin