title: Tragacanth as an oral peptide and protein delivery carrier: Characterization and mucoadhesion.
abstract: Biopolymers such as tragacanth, an anionic polysaccharide gum, can be alternative polymeric carrier for physiologically important peptides and proteins. Characterization of tragacanth is thus essential for providing a foundation for possible applications. Rheological studies colloidal solution of tragacanth at pH 3, 5 or 7 were carried out by means of steady shear and small amplitude oscillatory measurements. Tragacanth mucoadhesivity was also analyzed using an applicable rheological method and compared to chitosan, alginate and PVP. The particle size and zeta potential were measured by a zetasizer. Thermal properties of solutions were obtained using a differential scanning calorimetry. The solution exhibited shear-thinning characteristics. The value of the storage modulus (G') and the loss modulus (G″) increased with an increase in angular frequency (Ω). In all cases, loss modulus values were higher than storage values (G″>G') and viscous character was, therefore, dominant. Tragacanth and alginate showed a good mucoadhesion. Tragacanth upon dispersion created particles of a submicron size with a negative zeta potential (-7.98 to -11.92 mV). These properties were pH dependant resulting in acid gel formation at pH 3.5. Tragacanth has thus a potential to be used as an excipient for peptide/protein delivery.
authors.affiliation: Advanced Food Systems Research Unit, College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, PO Box 14428, Melbourne 8001, Australia; Department of Agricultural Product Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Brawijaya University, Jl. Veteran, 65145 Malang, Indonesia.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nur
authors.affiliation: Advanced Food Systems Research Unit, College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, PO Box 14428, Melbourne 8001, Australia.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ramchandran
authors.affiliation: Advanced Food Systems Research Unit, College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, PO Box 14428, Melbourne 8001, Australia. Electronic address: todor.vasiljevic@vu.edu.au.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Vasiljevic
mesh_terms: D000269:Adhesives; D000284:Administration, Oral; D000464:Alginates / Q000737:chemistry; D000818:Animals; D002152:Calorimetry, Differential Scanning; D048271:Chitosan / Q000737:chemistry; D004337:Drug Carriers / Q000737:chemistry*; D004548:Elasticity; D005752:Gastric Mucins / Q000737:chemistry*; D020100:Hydrogels; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007328:Insulin / Q000737:chemistry*; D010316:Particle Size; D011205:Povidone / Q000737:chemistry; D012212:Rheology; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D013552:Swine; D014144:Tragacanth / Q000737:chemistry*; D014783:Viscosity
chemical_list: D000269:Adhesives; D000464:Alginates; D004337:Drug Carriers; D005752:Gastric Mucins; D020100:Hydrogels; D007328:Insulin; D014144:Tragacanth; D048271:Chitosan; D011205:Povidone
keywords: Acid gelation; Alginate; Carrier; Chitosan; Flow behaviour; Insulin; Mucoadhesive; Oral administration; PVP; Protein/peptides drug delivery; Tragacanth