title: Urban land for a growing city at the banks of a moving river: Vienna's spread into the Danube island Unterer Werd from the late 17th to the beginning of the 20th century.
abstract: In the relation between urban development and the Viennese Danube different periods can be identified from the late 17th to the early 20th century. These periods were strongly intertwined with both the history of the river and the history of the city. Urban expansion into the floodplains is demonstrated in this paper by investigating the island Unterer Werd, next to the city centre. In the late 17th century the fluvial dynamic still hampered urban development on the island. First measures to stabilise the river banks and to protect buildings from floods were taken soon thereafter, but the majority of practices aimed at mitigating the risks and impacts of the frequent floods: inundation was a part of the arrangement and the main target was to minimise the potential impacts. This practice also prevailed after the 1830s, when urban expansion began to move into the north and northwest of the island and the Danube floodplains were considered an important land resource for the growing city. In connection with new technologies and available means to channelise the river, the relationship between Vienna and the Danube changed fundamentally. Urban development in the riverine landscape gained new momentum. This process was initiated before the Great Danube Regulation from 1870 to 1875 was completed, the rate of growth accelerated after 1875. The last decades of the 19th century mark a turning point in the urban development of Vienna, with expanding urban areas becoming dependent upon a well functioning and maintained flood protection system.
authors.affiliation: Department for Water, Atmosphere, Environment, Institute of Hydrobiology and Aquatic Ecosystem Management, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Max Emanuelstraße 17, 1180 Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Gertrud
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Haidvogl
authors.affiliation: Department for Water, Atmosphere, Environment, Institute of Hydrobiology and Aquatic Ecosystem Management, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Max Emanuelstraße 17, 1180 Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Marianna
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Guthyne-Horvath
authors.affiliation: IFF- Faculty for Interdisciplinary Studies, Institute of Social Ecology, Alpen Adria Universität Klagenfurt-Graz-Wien, Schottenfeldgasse 29, 1070 Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Sylvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gierlinger
authors.affiliation: Department for Water, Atmosphere, Environment, Institute of Hydrobiology and Aquatic Ecosystem Management, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Max Emanuelstraße 17, 1180 Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Severin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hohensinner
authors.affiliation: City Archives of Vienna, Guglgasse 14, 1110 Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Christoph
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sonnlechner
keywords: Danube; Danube floodplains; Flood protection; Land use history; Urban development; Vienna