title: Novel hydrophilic nanostructured microtexture on direct metal laser sintered Ti-6Al-4V surfaces enhances osteoblast response in vitro and osseointegration in a rabbit model.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to compare the biological effects in vivo of hierarchical surface roughness on laser sintered titanium-aluminum-vanadium (Ti-6Al-4V) implants to those of conventionally machined implants on osteoblast response in vitro and osseointegration. Laser sintered disks were fabricated to have micro-/nano-roughness and wettability. Control disks were computer numerical control (CNC) milled and then polished to be smooth (CNC-M). Laser sintered disks were polished smooth (LST-M), grit blasted (LST-B), or blasted and acid etched (LST-BE). LST-BE implants or implants manufactured by CNC milling and grit blasted (CNC-B) were implanted in the femurs of male New Zealand white rabbits. Most osteoblast differentiation markers and local factors were enhanced on rough LST-B and LST-BE surfaces in comparison to smooth CNC-M or LST-M surfaces for MG63 and normal human osteoblast cells. To determine if LST-BE implants were osteogenic in vivo, we compared them to implant surfaces used clinically. LST-BE implants had a unique surface with combined micro-/nano-roughness and higher wettability than conventional CNC-B implants. Histomorphometric analysis demonstrated a significant improvement in cortical bone-implant contact of LST-BE implants compared to CNC-B implants after 3 and 6 weeks. However, mechanical testing revealed no differences between implant pullout forces at those time points. LST surfaces enhanced osteoblast differentiation and production of local factors in vitro and improved the osseointegration process in vivo. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 104A: 2086-2098, 2016.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia.
authors.forename: Sharon L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Hyzy
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia.|Department of Biomedical Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Alice
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia.
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.affiliation: Private Oral Surgery Clinic, Ashkelon, Israel.
authors.forename: Gustavo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Yatzkaier
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia.
authors.forename: Alexander J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Whitehead
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia.
authors.forename: Ryan M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Clohessy
authors.affiliation: Center for Biodiversity and Drug Discovery, Institute for Advanced Scientific Research and High Technology Services (INDICASAT AIP), Panama City, Panama.
authors.forename: Rolando A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Gittens
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia.|Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia.
authors.forename: Barbara D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Boyan
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia.|University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas.
authors.forename: Zvi
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Schwartz
mesh_terms: D000497:Alloys; D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D006801:Humans; D057927:Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; D020007:Implants, Experimental; D007834:Lasers; D008297:Male; D008422:Materials Testing; D023421:Models, Animal; D049329:Nanostructures / Q000737:chemistry*; D016348:Osseointegration / Q000187:drug effects*; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects; D011817:Rabbits; D013052:Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission; D014025:Titanium / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017155:Wettability; D055114:X-Ray Microtomography
chemical_list: D000497:Alloys; C031462:titanium alloy (TiAl6V4); D014025:Titanium
keywords: DMLS; additive manufacturing; animal model; dental implants; laser sintering technology; titanium alloy