title: Analysis of 17β-estradiol (E2) role in the regulation of corpus luteum function in pregnant rats: Involvement of IGFBP5 in the E2-mediated actions.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In several species, considerably higher levels of estradiol-17 (E2) are synthesized in the CL. E2 has been suggested to participate in the regulation of luteal steroidogenesis and luteal cell morphology. In pregnant rats, several experiments have been carried out to examine the effects of inhibition of luteal E2 synthesis on CL structure and function.
  
  
  METHODS
  During days 12-15 of pregnancy in rats, luteal E2 was inhibited by way of daily oral administration of anastrozole (AI), a selective non-steroidal aromatase inhibitor, and experiments were also performed with E2 replacement i.e. AI+ E2 treatments. Luteal tissues from different treatment groups were subjected to microarray analysis and the differentially expressed genes in E2 treated group were further examined for expression of specific E2 responsive genes. Additional experiments were carried out employing recombinant growth hormone preparation and flutamide, an androgen receptor antagonist, to further address the specificity of E2 effects on the luteal tissue.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Microarray analysis of CL collected on day 16 of pregnancy post AI and AI+E2 treatments showed significantly lowered cyp19a1 expression, E2 levels and differential expression of a number of genes, and several of them were reversed in E2 replacement studies. From the differentially expressed genes, a number of E2 responsive genes were identified. In CL of AI pregnant rats, non-significant increase in expression of igf1, significant increase in igbp5, igf1r and decrease in expression of Erα were observed. In liver of AI treated rats, igf1 expression did not increase, but GH treatment significantly increased expression that was further increased with AI treatment. In CL of GH and AI+GH treated rats, expression of igfbp5 was higher. Administration of flutamide during days 12-15 of pregnancy resulted in non-significant increase in igfbp5 expression, however, combination of flutamide+AI treatments caused increased protein expression. Expression of few of the molecules in PI3K/Akt kinase pathway in different treatments was determined.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results suggest a role for E2 in the regulation of luteal steroidogenesis, morphology and proliferation. igfbp5 was identified as one the E2 responsive genes with important role in the mediation of E2 actions such as E2-induced phosphorylation of PI3K/Akt kinase pathway.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India.
authors.forename: Sudeshna
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tripathy
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India.
authors.forename: Killivalavan
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Asaithambi
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Jayaram
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India. rmm@mrdg.iisc.ernet.in.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Medhamurthy
mesh_terms: D000077384:Anastrozole; D000726:Androgen Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D047072:Aromatase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D003338:Corpus Luteum / Q000378:metabolism*; D004958:Estradiol / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D005485:Flutamide / Q000494:pharmacology; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D018975:Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 5 / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D009570:Nitriles / Q000494:pharmacology; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D011247:Pregnancy; D051381:Rats; D014230:Triazoles / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000726:Androgen Antagonists; D047072:Aromatase Inhibitors; D018975:Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 5; D009570:Nitriles; D014230:Triazoles; D000077384:Anastrozole; D004958:Estradiol; D005485:Flutamide
keywords: Corpus luteum; Estradiol; IGFBP5; Pregnancy; Progesterone; Rat