title: Wuling powder prevents the depression-like behavior in learned helplessness mice model through improving the TSPO mediated-mitophagy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Wuling powder (trade name: Wuling capsule), a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), was extracted from mycelia of precious Xylaria Nigripes (Kl.) Sacc by modern fermentation technology, and has been claimed to be fully potent in improving the signs of insomnia and cognitive deficits. Moreover, Wuling capsule was effective in treating post-stroke and orther co-cormbid depression both in clinical and in basic research. In order to clarify the molecular mechanisms of the antidepressant effect of Wuling powder, we established learned helplessness (LH) depression animal model and focused on 18kDa translocator protein (TSPO) mediated-mitophagy pathway.
  
  
  METHODS
  Mice were exposed to the inescapable e-shock (IS) once a day for three consecutive days to establish the LH model. Then mice were orally administered Wuling powder for 2 weeks. For the behavioral assessment, Shuttle box test, novelty suppressed feeding test (NSF) and forced swimming test (FST) were performed. Following the behavioral assessment, we assessed the protein expression level that were related to TSPO-mediated mitophagy signaling pathway by Western blotting analysis. Finally, immunohistochemistry method was used to assess the neuroprotective effects of Wuling powder.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with mice that were subjected to inescapable e-shock, Wuling powder exhibited antidepressant effect in the multiple behavioral tests. In addition, Wuling powder altered the expression level of multiple proteins related to TSPO-mediated mitophagy signaling pathway.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggested that Wuling powder exhibited an obvious antidepressant effect, which could be due to the improvement of TSPO-mediated mitophagy signaling pathway.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China.
authors.forename: Dongmei
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China.
authors.forename: Ji
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China.
authors.forename: Mingyang
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China.
authors.forename: Lu
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China. Electronic address: liuyanyong@126.com.
authors.forename: Yanyong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China. Electronic address: yangnanbeijing@126.com.
authors.forename: Nan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China.
authors.forename: Pingping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Zuo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000928:Antidepressive Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005473:Fluoxetine / Q000494:pharmacology; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D006380:Helplessness, Learned; D008297:Male; D008636:Mesencephalon / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D063306:Mitophagy / Q000187:drug effects*; D011897:Random Allocation; D018079:Receptors, GABA / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D017367:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D000928:Antidepressive Agents; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; D005473:Fluoxetine; D018079:Receptors, GABA; D017367:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors; C463819:Bzrp protein, mouse; C533472:wuling
keywords: 18kDa translocator protein (TSPO); CMC-Na (PubChem CID: 6328154); Depression; EDTA (PubChem CID: 6049); Fluoxetine (PubChem CID: 62857); H(2)O(2) (PubChem CID: 784); Learned Helplessness; Paraformaldehyde (PubChem CID: 62081); Pentobarbital sodium (PubChem CID: 23676152); Phosphate buffered saline (PubChem CID: 24978514); SDS (PubChem CID: 3423265); Sucrose (PubChem CID: 5988); Tris (PubChem CID: 6503); Wuling powder, Mitophagy