title: Identification and evaluation of antioxidants in Japanese parsley.
abstract: Two cultivars of Japanese parsley were harvested in different seasons; their antioxidant capacities were evaluated by oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) methods, and the contents of hydrophilic and lipophilic antioxidants were compared. Japanese parsley possessed potent antioxidant capacities both in hydrophilic and lipophilic extracts when evaluated by ORAC methods. LC/MS/MS analyses revealed that chlorogenic acid and four kinds of quercetin glycosides were major antioxidants in the hydrophilic extract. Lutein was the main contributor to the antioxidant capacity of the lipophilic extract. Antioxidant capacities of the hydrophilic extracts of both cultivars tended to be higher in winter because of the increase in the contents of chlorogenic acid and quercetin glycosides. An obvious trend in the lipophilic antioxidant capacities or lutein contents was not observed irrespective of the cultivar.
authors.affiliation: a National Food Research Institute, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization , Tsukuba , Ibaraki , Japan ;
authors.forename: Tasuku
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ogita
authors.affiliation: a National Food Research Institute, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization , Tsukuba , Ibaraki , Japan ;
authors.forename: Rosaly
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Vallejo Manaois
authors.affiliation: a National Food Research Institute, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization , Tsukuba , Ibaraki , Japan ;
authors.forename: Manabu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wakagi
authors.affiliation: b Kyushu Okinawa Agricultural Research Center, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization , Koshi , Kumamoto , Japan.
authors.forename: Tomoyuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Oki
authors.affiliation: a National Food Research Institute, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization , Tsukuba , Ibaraki , Japan ;
authors.forename: Yuko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Takano Ishikawa
authors.affiliation: a National Food Research Institute, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization , Tsukuba , Ibaraki , Japan ;
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Watanabe
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification; D002726:Chlorogenic Acid / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D006027:Glycosides / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification; D057927:Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; D007564:Japan; D014975:Lutein / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification; D031050:Oenanthe / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000254:growth & development; D035261:Plant Components, Aerial / Q000737:chemistry*; D011794:Quercetin / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification; D012621:Seasons; D012997:Solvents / Q000737:chemistry; D013045:Species Specificity; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry; D024502:alpha-Tocopherol / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification; D024504:gamma-Tocopherol / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D006027:Glycosides; D012997:Solvents; D002726:Chlorogenic Acid; D024504:gamma-Tocopherol; D011794:Quercetin; D024502:alpha-Tocopherol; D014975:Lutein
keywords: Antioxidants; Japanese parsley; antioxidant capacity; oxygen radical absorbance capacity