title: Association of coffee consumption with risk of colorectal cancer: a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies.
abstract: A meta-analysis was performed to assess the association of coffee consumption with colorectal cancer and to investigate the shape of the association. Relevant prospective cohort studies were identified by a comprehensive search of the PubMed, Embase and Web of Science databases from their inception through August 2015. Either a random-effects model or fixed-effects model was used to compute the pooled risk estimates when appropriate. Linear and nonlinear dose-response meta-analyses were also performed. Nineteen prospective cohort studies involving 2,046,575 participants and 22,629 patients with colorectal cancer were included. The risk of colon cancer was decreased by 7% for every 4 cups per day of coffee (RR=0.93, 95%CI, 0.88-0.99; P=0.199). There was a threshold approximately five cups of coffee per day, and the inverse association for colorectal cancer appeared to be stronger at a higher range of intake. However, a nonlinear association of rectal cancer with coffee consumption was not observed (P for nonlinearity = 0.214). In conclusion, coffee consumption is significantly associated with a decreased risk of colorectal cancer at ≥ 5 cups per day of coffee consumption. The findings support the recommendations of including coffee as a healthy beverage for the prevention of colorectal cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Gan
authors.affiliation: Bao'an Central Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
authors.forename: Jiang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Bao'an Central Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
authors.forename: Shengchao
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.|Department of Management, School of Economics and Management, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.
authors.forename: Liqing
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
authors.forename: Shiyi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.affiliation: Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
authors.forename: Naomie
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mkandawire
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathophysiology, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.
authors.forename: Kun
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ji
authors.affiliation: Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
authors.forename: Chulani
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Herath
authors.affiliation: National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, Changping, China.
authors.forename: Chao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
authors.forename: Yanfeng
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
authors.forename: Xingyue
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: Division of Health System, Policy and Management, JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, Hong Kong SAR, China.
authors.forename: Shanquan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
authors.forename: Yawen
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
authors.forename: Tingting
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Qiao
authors.affiliation: Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
authors.forename: Sai
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
authors.forename: Xiaoxv
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.affiliation: Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
authors.forename: Zuxun
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Lu
mesh_terms: D003069:Coffee; D015331:Cohort Studies; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology*; D004032:Diet; D006801:Humans; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D003069:Coffee
keywords: coffee; colorectal cancer; epidemiology; meta-analysis; prospective cohort