title: Environmental application of nanotechnology: air, soil, and water.
abstract: Global deterioration of water, soil, and atmosphere by the release of toxic chemicals from the ongoing anthropogenic activities is becoming a serious problem throughout the world. This poses numerous issues relevant to ecosystem and human health that intensify the application challenges of conventional treatment technologies. Therefore, this review sheds the light on the recent progresses in nanotechnology and its vital role to encompass the imperative demand to monitor and treat the emerging hazardous wastes with lower cost, less energy, as well as higher efficiency. Essentially, the key aspects of this account are to briefly outline the advantages of nanotechnology over conventional treatment technologies and to relevantly highlight the treatment applications of some nanomaterials (e.g., carbon-based nanoparticles, antibacterial nanoparticles, and metal oxide nanoparticles) in the following environments: (1) air (treatment of greenhouse gases, volatile organic compounds, and bioaerosols via adsorption, photocatalytic degradation, thermal decomposition, and air filtration processes), (2) soil (application of nanomaterials as amendment agents for phytoremediation processes and utilization of stabilizers to enhance their performance), and (3) water (removal of organic pollutants, heavy metals, pathogens through adsorption, membrane processes, photocatalysis, and disinfection processes).
authors.affiliation: Department of Civil Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Rusul Khaleel
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Ibrahim
authors.affiliation: Department of Civil Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. maan_hayyan@yahoo.com.|University of Malaya Centre for Ionic Liquids (UMCiL), University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. maan_hayyan@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Maan
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2179-0801
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hayyan
authors.affiliation: University of Malaya Centre for Ionic Liquids (UMCiL), University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.|Nanotechnology & Catalysis Research Centre (NANOCAT), University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Mohammed Abdulhakim
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: AlSaadi
authors.affiliation: University of Malaya Centre for Ionic Liquids (UMCiL), University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.|Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Adeeb
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hayyan
authors.affiliation: Department of Civil Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Shaliza
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ibrahim
mesh_terms: D000397:Air Pollution / Q000032:analysis; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods*; D004787:Environmental Pollution / Q000032:analysis*; D006256:Hazardous Waste / Q000032:analysis*; D036103:Nanotechnology / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods*; D014876:Water Pollution / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D006256:Hazardous Waste
keywords: Air pollution; Nanomaterial application; Nanotechnology; Soil pollution; Water and wastewater