title: Alternative Glycerol Balance Strategies among Saccharomyces Species in Response to Winemaking Stress.
abstract: Production and balance of glycerol is essential for the survival of yeast cells in certain stressful conditions as hyperosmotic or cold shock that occur during industrial processes as winemaking. These stress responses are well-known in S. cerevisiae, however, little is known in other phylogenetically close related Saccharomyces species associated with natural or fermentation environments such as S. uvarum, S. paradoxus or S. kudriavzevii. In this work we have investigated the expression of four genes (GPD1, GPD2, STL1, and FPS1) crucial in the glycerol pool balance in the four species with a biotechnological potential (S. cerevisiae; S. paradoxus; S. uvarum; and S. kudriavzevii), and the ability of strains to grow under osmotic and cold stresses. The results show different pattern and level of expression among the different species, especially for STL1. We also studied the function of Stl1 glycerol symporter in the survival to osmotic changes and cell growth capacity in winemaking environments. These experiments also revealed a different functionality of the glycerol transporters among the different species studied. All these data point to different strategies to handle glycerol accumulation in response to winemaking stresses as hyperosmotic or cold-hyperosmotic stress in the different species, with variable emphasis in the production, influx, or efflux of glycerol.
authors.affiliation: Food Biotechnology Department, Systems Biology in Yeast of Biotechnological Interest, Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de los Alimentos, IATA-CSIC Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pérez-Torrado
authors.affiliation: Food Biotechnology Department, Systems Biology in Yeast of Biotechnological Interest, Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de los Alimentos, IATA-CSIC Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: Bruno M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Oliveira
authors.affiliation: Department of Membrane Transport, Institute of Physiology CAS, Prague, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Jana
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zemančíková
authors.affiliation: Department of Membrane Transport, Institute of Physiology CAS, Prague, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Hana
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sychrová
authors.affiliation: Food Biotechnology Department, Systems Biology in Yeast of Biotechnological Interest, Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de los Alimentos, IATA-CSIC Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: Amparo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Querol
keywords: Saccharomyces; glycerol; stress; winemaking; yeast