title: Cardiorespiratory endurance evaluation using heart rate analysis during ski simulator exercise and the Harvard step test in elementary school students.
abstract: [Purpose] Efficient management using exercise programs with various benefits should be provided by educational institutions for children in their growth phase. We analyzed the heart rates of children during ski simulator exercise and the Harvard step test to evaluate the cardiopulmonary endurance by calculating their post-exercise recovery rate. [Subjects and Methods] The subjects (n = 77) were categorized into a normal weight and an overweight/obesity group by body mass index. They performed each exercise for 3 minutes. The cardiorespiratory endurance was calculated using the Physical Efficiency Index formula. [Results] The ski simulator and Harvard step test showed that there was a significant difference in the heart rates of the 2 body mass index-based groups at each minute. The normal weight and the ski-simulator group had higher Physical Efficiency Index levels. [Conclusion] This study showed that a simulator exercise can produce a cumulative load even when performed at low intensity, and can be effectively utilized as exercise equipment since it resulted in higher Physical Efficiency Index levels than the Harvard step test. If schools can increase sport durability by stimulating students' interests, the ski simulator exercise can be used in programs designed to improve and strengthen students' physical fitness.
authors.affiliation: Human-centered Interaction Laboratory, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Korea University of Technology and Education, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hyo Taek
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Therapy, Kangwon National University, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hyo Lyun
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Roh
authors.affiliation: Human-centered Interaction Laboratory, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Korea University of Technology and Education, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Yoon Sang
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Kim
keywords: Cardiorespiratory endurance; Harvard step test; Ski simulator