title: Congenital and Developmental Cataracts: Focus on Strabismus Outcomes at Long-Term Follow-Up.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the incidence of strabismus in congenital and developmental cataract surgery in patients with a follow-up longer than five years.
  
  
  METHODS
  All patients with congenital and developmental cataracts observed from 1996 to 2013 with a follow-up longer than five years were retrospectively included.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We included 117 patients (58 females and 59 males, mean age 0.62±0.3 years, 160 eyes) with congenital cataracts and 73 patients (32 females and 41 males, mean age 6.63±0.7 years, 121 eyes) with developmental cataracts. Before cataract surgery, strabismus was present in 88 patients with congenital cataracts (75.2%) and in 30 patients with developmental cataracts (41.1%) (p=0.01). After a follow-up of 9.26±1.3 years (range, 5-14 years), a significantly greater incidence of strabismus was observed after surgery only in patients with unilateral congenital cataracts who underwent cataract removal and primary IOL implantation (p=0.02). Distance BCVA and near BCVA were better after surgery for developmental cataracts (p<0.05). Presence of binocular vision was more frequent after surgery for developmental cataracts (p=0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Incidence of strabismus and postsurgical onset of strabismus at long-term follow-up was greater in patients with congenital cataracts.
authors.affiliation: a Pediatric Eye Department , University of Salerno , Salerno , Italy.|b Gi.Ma Eye Center , Naples , Italy.
authors.forename: Adriano
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Magli
authors.affiliation: a Pediatric Eye Department , University of Salerno , Salerno , Italy.
authors.forename: Roberta
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Carelli
authors.affiliation: c Eye Department , University of Salerno , Salerno , Italy.
authors.forename: Raimondo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Forte
authors.affiliation: a Pediatric Eye Department , University of Salerno , Salerno , Italy.
authors.forename: Elisabetta
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Chiariello Vecchio
authors.affiliation: b Gi.Ma Eye Center , Naples , Italy.
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Esposito
authors.affiliation: b Gi.Ma Eye Center , Naples , Italy.
authors.forename: Angelo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Torre
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002386:Cataract / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D002387:Cataract Extraction / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005544:Forecasting; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007910:Lenses, Intraocular; D008297:Male; D012029:Refraction, Ocular; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013285:Strabismus / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D015348:Vision, Binocular / Q000502:physiology*
keywords: Binocular vision; congenital cataract; developmental cataract; intraocular lens; strabismus