title: Gypsum amendment to rice paddy soil stimulated bacteria involved in sulfur cycling but largely preserved the phylogenetic composition of the total bacterial community.
abstract: Rice paddies are indispensable for human food supply but emit large amounts of the greenhouse gas methane. Sulfur cycling occurs at high rates in these water-submerged soils and controls methane production, an effect that is increased by sulfate-containing fertilizers or soil amendments. We grew rice plants until their late vegetative phase with and without gypsum (CaSO4 ·2H2 O) amendment and identified responsive bacteria by 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. Gypsum amendment decreased methane emissions by up to 99% but had no major impact on the general phylogenetic composition of the bacterial community. It rather selectively stimulated or repressed a small number of 129 and 27 species-level operational taxonomic units (OTUs) (out of 1883-2287 observed) in the rhizosphere and bulk soil, respectively. Gypsum-stimulated OTUs were affiliated with several potential sulfate-reducing (Syntrophobacter, Desulfovibrio, unclassified Desulfobulbaceae, unclassified Desulfobacteraceae) and sulfur-oxidizing taxa (Thiobacillus, unclassified Rhodocyclaceae), while gypsum-repressed OTUs were dominated by aerobic methanotrophs (Methylococcaceae). Abundance correlation networks suggested that two abundant (>1%) OTUs (Desulfobulbaceae, Rhodocyclaceae) were central to the reductive and oxidative parts of the sulfur cycle.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany.
authors.forename: Susanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wörner
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.|Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zecchin
authors.affiliation: Department of Biogeochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, Marburg, Germany.|College of Environment and Plant Protection, Hainan University, Haikou City, China.
authors.forename: Jianguo
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dan
authors.affiliation: Department of Aquatic Ecosystems, Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, BAS, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria.
authors.forename: Nadezhda Hristova
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: Todorova
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Loy
authors.affiliation: Department of Biogeochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, Marburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Ralf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Conrad
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pester
mesh_terms: D000383:Agriculture / Q000379:methods*; D001419:Bacteria / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D058448:Biota; D002133:Calcium Sulfate; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D008697:Methane / Q000378:metabolism; D012275:Oryza / Q000254:growth & development; D010802:Phylogeny; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D012988:Soil Microbiology; D013455:Sulfur / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; D013455:Sulfur; D008697:Methane; D002133:Calcium Sulfate