title: From near-infrared and Raman to surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy: progress, limitations and perspectives in bioanalysis.
abstract: Over recent decades, spreading environmental concern entailed the expansion of green chemistry analytical tools. Vibrational spectroscopy, belonging to this class of analytical tool, is particularly interesting taking into account its numerous advantages such as fast data acquisition and no sample preparation. In this context, near-infrared, Raman and mainly surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) have thus gained interest in many fields including bioanalysis. The two former techniques only ensure the analysis of concentrated compounds in simple matrices, whereas the emergence of SERS improved the performances of vibrational spectroscopy to very sensitive and selective analyses. Complex SERS substrates were also developed enabling biomarker measurements, paving the way for SERS immunoassays. Therefore, in this paper, the strengths and weaknesses of these techniques will be highlighted with a focus on recent progress.
authors.affiliation: University of Liege (ULg), CIRM, Department of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, CHU, Quartier Hôpital, Avenue Hippocrate 15, B36, B-4000 Liege, Belgium.
authors.forename: Elodie
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Dumont
authors.affiliation: University of Liege (ULg), CIRM, Department of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, CHU, Quartier Hôpital, Avenue Hippocrate 15, B36, B-4000 Liege, Belgium.
authors.forename: Charlotte
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: De Bleye
authors.affiliation: University of Liege (ULg), CIRM, Department of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, CHU, Quartier Hôpital, Avenue Hippocrate 15, B36, B-4000 Liege, Belgium.
authors.forename: Pierre-Yves
authors.initials: PY
authors.lastname: Sacré
authors.affiliation: University of Liege (ULg), CIRM, Department of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, CHU, Quartier Hôpital, Avenue Hippocrate 15, B36, B-4000 Liege, Belgium.
authors.forename: Lauranne
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Netchacovitch
authors.affiliation: University of Liege (ULg), CIRM, Department of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, CHU, Quartier Hôpital, Avenue Hippocrate 15, B36, B-4000 Liege, Belgium.
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hubert
authors.affiliation: University of Liege (ULg), CIRM, Department of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, CHU, Quartier Hôpital, Avenue Hippocrate 15, B36, B-4000 Liege, Belgium.
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ziemons
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D006801:Humans; D007118:Immunoassay / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D019265:Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D013059:Spectrum Analysis, Raman / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D013499:Surface Properties
keywords: Raman scattering; chemometrics; extrinsic SERS; immunoassays; label-free SERS; near-infrared spectroscopy; quantitative bioanalysis; surface functionalization; surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS); vibrational spectroscopy