title: 99Tc-MDP treatment for the therapy of rheumatoid arthritis, choroidal neovascularisation and Graves' ophthalmopathy.
abstract: Technetium 99 conjugated with methylene diphosphonate, which is an anti-inflammatory drug, can inhibit macrophage infiltration and downregulate a number of proinflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β. Recently, numerous studies have indicated that it could improve rheumatoid arthritis (RA) activity by upregulating the frequency of peripheral γδ T cells and cluster of differentiation CD4+CD25+Foxp3+Tregs, affecting the serum cytokine environment, inhibiting osteoclast formation and reducing the concentrations of rheumatoid factor-immunoglobulin M (IgM)/IgG/IgA. As well, it may have a therapeutic role for choroidal neovascularisation (CNV) and Graves' ophthalmopathy (GO). Therefore, it will be a valuable choice in the treatment of RA, CNV and GO.
authors.affiliation: Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Qian
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ni
authors.affiliation: Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Qingrui
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Hongsheng
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sun
keywords: Graves' ophthalmopath; choroidal neovascularization; rheumatoid arthritis; technetium 99 conjugated with methylene diphosphonate; therapy