title: Determination of gardenia yellow colorants in soft drink, pastry, instant noodles with ultrasound-assisted extraction by high performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrum.
abstract: A novel, rapid and simple analytical method was developed for the quantitative determination of crocin, crocetin and geniposide in soft drink, pastry and instant noodles. The solid samples were relatively homogenized into powders and fragments. The gardenia yellow colorants were successively extracted with methanol using ultrasound-assisted extraction. The analytes were quantitatively measured in the extracts by liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. High correlation coefficients (r(2)>0.995) of crocin, crocetin and geniposide were obtained within their linear ranges respectively (50-1000ng/mL, 50-1000ng/mL, 15-240ng/mL) by external standard method. The limits of detection (LODs) were 0.02μg/g for crocin, 0.01μg/g for crocetin and 0.002μg/g for geniposide. And the limits of quantitation (LOQs) were in the ranges of 0.05-0.45μg/g for crocin, and in the ranges of 0.042-0.32μg/g for crocetin, and in the ranges of 0.02-0.15μg/g for geniposide in soft drink, pastry and instant noodles samples. The average recoveries of crocin, crocetin and geniposide ranged from 81.3% to 117.6% in soft drink, pastry and instant noodles. The intra- and inter-day precisions were respectively in the range of 1.3-4.8% and 1.7-11.8% in soft drink, pastry and instant noodle. The developed methods were successfully validated and applied to the soft drink, pastry, and instant noodles collected from the located market in Beijing from China. Crocin, crocetin and geniposide were detected in the collected samples. The average concentrations ranged from 0.84 to 4.20mg/g for crocin, and from 0.62 to 3.11mg/g for crocetin, and from 0.18 to 0.79mg/g for gardenia in various food samples. The method can provide evidences for government to determine gardenia yellow pigments and geniposide in food.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Food Safety, Chinese Academy of Inspection & Quarantine, Beijing 100176, China; College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530299, China.
authors.forename: Wei-E
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Institute of Food Safety, Chinese Academy of Inspection & Quarantine, Beijing 100176, China.
authors.forename: Yuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530299, China.
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Institute of Food Safety, Chinese Academy of Inspection & Quarantine, Beijing 100176, China.
authors.forename: Yun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ling
authors.affiliation: Institute of Food Safety, Chinese Academy of Inspection & Quarantine, Beijing 100176, China.
authors.forename: Hong-Na
authors.initials: HN
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Institute of Food Safety, Chinese Academy of Inspection & Quarantine, Beijing 100176, China.
authors.forename: Shao-Hui
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530299, China.
authors.forename: Shou-Jun
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Food Safety, Chinese Academy of Inspection & Quarantine, Beijing 100176, China.
authors.forename: Zhi-Qin
authors.initials: ZQ
authors.lastname: Ren
authors.affiliation: Hunan Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Changsha 410081, China.
authors.forename: Zhi-Qiang
authors.initials: ZQ
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Food Safety, Chinese Academy of Inspection & Quarantine, Beijing 100176, China. Electronic address: fengzhang@126.com.
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000068476:Beijing; D002253:Carbonated Beverages / Q000032:analysis; D002338:Carotenoids / Q000032:analysis*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D004396:Coloring Agents / Q000032:analysis*; D005504:Food Analysis; D032062:Gardenia / Q000737:chemistry*; D039823:Iridoids / Q000032:analysis*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry*; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry; D014801:Vitamin A / Q000031:analogs & derivatives
chemical_list: D004396:Coloring Agents; D039823:Iridoids; D010936:Plant Extracts; C487773:trans-sodium crocetinate; D014801:Vitamin A; C007835:geniposide; D002338:Carotenoids; C029036:crocin; C057653:gardenia yellow
keywords: Gardenia yellow pigments; Liquid chromatography-electronic spray ion-tandem mass spectrum; Ultrasound-assisted extraction