title: Establishment and characterization of new cell lines of anaplastic pancreatic cancer, which is a rare malignancy: OCUP-A1 and OCUP-A2.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Anaplastic pancreatic cancer (APC) cell lines have been scarcely established.
  
  
  METHODS
  The morphology, gene expressions, karyotyping and epithelial-mesenchymal transition markers of newly established APC cell lines OCUP-A1 and OCUP-A2 were analyzed. Their abilities of proliferation under normoxia and hypoxia, migration and invasion were compared to 4 commercially available pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) cell lines. Their induction of angiogenesis, stem-like cell population and subcutaneous tumor growth in nude mice were estimated, comparing 2 PDA cell lines examined here.
  
  
  RESULTS
  OCUP-A1 and OCUP-A2 cells continuously grew with spindle and polygonal shapes, respectively. Gene analysis revealed 9 gene mutations including KRAS and TP53. Karyotyping clarified numerical structural abnormalities in both cells. Loss of E-cadherin and expression of vimentin in both cell lines were observed. The doubling time of both cell lines was approximately 20 h. Proliferation, migration and invasion abilities were not notable compared to other PDA cell lines. However stem-like cell population of both cell lines was superior to a part of PDA cell lines. Moreover OCUP-A1 showed stronger hypoxia tolerance and induction of angiogenesis than other PDA cell lines. The tumorigenicity in vivo of OCUP-A2 was stronger than conventional PDA cell lines.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The OCUP-A1 and OCUP-A2 cell lines of rare malignancies might be useful for investigating the biology of pancreatic cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical Oncology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 4-3, 1-chome, Asahimachi, Abeno-ku, Osaka city, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan.
authors.forename: Kotaro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Miura
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical Oncology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 4-3, 1-chome, Asahimachi, Abeno-ku, Osaka city, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan. kenjiro@med.osaka-cu.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Kenjiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kimura
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical Oncology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 4-3, 1-chome, Asahimachi, Abeno-ku, Osaka city, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan.
authors.forename: Ryosuke
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Amano
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical Oncology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 4-3, 1-chome, Asahimachi, Abeno-ku, Osaka city, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan.
authors.forename: Sadaaki
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yamazoe
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical Oncology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 4-3, 1-chome, Asahimachi, Abeno-ku, Osaka city, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan.
authors.forename: Go
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ohira
authors.affiliation: Department of Hepato-Biliary Pancreatic Surgery, Osaka City General Medical Center, 13-22, 2-chome, Miyakojimahondori, Miyakojima-ku, Osaka city, Osaka, 534-0021, Japan.
authors.forename: Akihiro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Murata
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical Oncology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 4-3, 1-chome, Asahimachi, Abeno-ku, Osaka city, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan.
authors.forename: Kohei
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nishio
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology & Molecular Cell Biology, Leroy T. Canoles Jr. Cancer Research Center, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Harry T. Lester Hall 421 651 Colley Avenue,, Norfolk, 23501, VA, USA.
authors.forename: Tsuyoshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hasegawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical Oncology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 4-3, 1-chome, Asahimachi, Abeno-ku, Osaka city, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan.
authors.forename: Masakazu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yashiro
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Kashiwara Municipal Hospital, 1-chome, 7-9, Hozenji, Kashiwara city, Osaka, 582-0005, Japan.
authors.forename: Bunzo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Nakata
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical Oncology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 4-3, 1-chome, Asahimachi, Abeno-ku, Osaka city, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan.
authors.forename: Masaichi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ohira
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical Oncology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 4-3, 1-chome, Asahimachi, Abeno-ku, Osaka city, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan.
authors.forename: Kosei
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hirakawa
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology*; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor / Q000473:pathology*; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000235:genetics; D058750:Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D007621:Karyotyping; D051379:Mice; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology*; D014746:Vimentin / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D014746:Vimentin
keywords: Anaplastic pancreatic cancer; Human cell line; Rare malignancy