title: Prevalence of severe esophagitis in Spain. Results of the PRESS study (Prevalence and Risk factors for Esophagitis in Spain: A cross-sectional study).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  *N.P. and M.P. contributed equally to this study.The current prevalence of esophagitis in southern Europe is unknown. In addition, the risk factors for reflux esophagitis are not fully understood.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this article is to assess the prevalence and risk factors for esophagitis in Spain.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective, observational, cross-sectional, multicenter study (PRESS study) was conducted among 31 gastrointestinal endoscopy units throughout Spain. A total of 1361 patients undergoing upper gastrointestinal endoscopy were enrolled. Sociodemographic, clinical and treatment data were recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 95% of patients were Caucasian and 52% were male (mean age: 53 ± 17 years). The most frequent symptoms prompting endoscopy were heartburn (40%), regurgitation (26%) and dysphagia (15%). Fifty-four percent of patients undergoing endoscopy were receiving proton pump inhibitor (PPI) treatment. Esophagitis (mainly mild-moderate) was present in 154 (12.4%) patients. The severe form was recorded in only 11 (0.8%) patients. Multivariate analysis results indicated that the likelihood of esophagitis was higher in men (OR = 1.91, 95% CI = 1.31-2.78), in patients with high GERD-Q scores (OR = 1.256, 95% CI = 1.176-1.343), weight increase (OR = 1.014, 95% CI = 1.003-1.025) and high alcohol consumption (OR = 2.49, 95% CI = 1.16-5.36).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Severe esophagitis is a rare finding in the Spanish population. Male gender, high GERD-Q score, weight increase and high alcohol consumption are main risk factors for its appearance.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Pharmacy Faculty, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Núria
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Piqué
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Universitario La Fe, Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ponce
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Universitario La Fe, Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: Vicente
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Garrigues
authors.affiliation: Digestive Tract Department, Hospital Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain.
authors.forename: Luis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rodrigo
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Albacete, Albacete, Spain.
authors.forename: Félix
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Calvo
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Carlos Martín
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: de Argila
authors.affiliation: Service of Digestive Tract, Hospital de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Borda
authors.affiliation: Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department, University Hospital Reina Sofia, Córdoba, Spain.
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Naranjo
authors.affiliation: Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hospital San Jorge, Huesca, Spain.
authors.forename: Javier
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Alcedo
authors.affiliation: Department of Digestive Tract, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Cádiz, Spain.
authors.forename: María
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: José Soria
authors.affiliation: Department of Digestive Tract, Hospital Clínico Universitario San Carlos, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Enrique
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Rey
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology Hospital de Donostia, San Sebastian, Spain; Instituto Biodonostia (Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU), Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Luis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bujanda
authors.affiliation: Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Madrid, Spain; Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP), Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Javier P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Gisbert
authors.affiliation: Unitat d'Epidemiologia i Avaluació-Fundació Parc Taulí, Hospital de Sabadell, Institut Universitari Parc Taulí, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Sabadell, Spain.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Suarez
authors.affiliation: Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP), Madrid, Spain; Department of Gastroenterology, Corporació Sanitaria Universitària Parc Taulí, Sabadell (Barcelona), Spain; Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Xavier
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Calvet
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Universitario La Fe, Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: Julio
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ponce
keywords: Barrett’s esophagus; Endoscopy; gastro-esophageal reflux disease (GERD); gastrointestinal symptoms; hiatal hernia; nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID); questionnaires; severe esophagitis