title: Associations of sleep bruxism with age, sleep apnea, and daytime problematic behaviors in children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aims of this study were to investigate the prevalence of sleep bruxism in children in Japan, and its relationships with sleep-related factors and daytime problematic behavior.
  
  
  METHODS
  Guardians of 6023 children aged 2-12 years completed the Japanese Sleep Questionnaire. Multiple regression analysis and structural equation modeling were performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sleep bruxism was reported in 21.0% children (n = 1263): the prevalence was highest in the age group of 5-7 years (27.4%). Multiple regression analysis showed that sleep bruxism had significant correlations with age 5-7 years (OR: 1.72; P < 0.0001), 'Moves a lot during sleep' (OR: 1.47; P < 0.0001), 'sleeps with mouth open' (OR: 1.56; P < 0.0001), and 'snores loudly' (OR: 1.80; P < 0.0001). In structural equation modeling, sleep bruxism had a significant but weak direct effect on daytime problematic behavior, while sleep bruxism significantly correlated with obstructive sleep apnea, which had a higher direct effect on daytime problematic behavior.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Sleep bruxism was reported in 21.0% of Japanese children and had independent relationships with age, movements during sleep, and snoring. A comorbidity of sleep-disordered breathing might be related to daytime problematic behavior in children with sleep bruxism.
authors.affiliation: United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Suita, Japan.|Department of Pediatrics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tachibana
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Anatomy and Neurobiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Japan.|Sleep Medicine Center, Osaka University Hospital, Suita, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.affiliation: United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Suita, Japan.|Ota Memorial Sleep Center, Kanagawa, Japan.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kato-Nishimura
authors.affiliation: United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Suita, Japan.|Department of Pediatrics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Matsuzawa
authors.affiliation: United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Suita, Japan.|Department of Pediatrics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan.|Sleep Medicine Center, Osaka University Hospital, Suita, Japan.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Mohri
authors.affiliation: United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Suita, Japan.|Department of Pediatrics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan.|Sleep Medicine Center, Osaka University Hospital, Suita, Japan.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Taniike
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D002648:Child; D002653:Child Behavior Disorders / Q000150:complications*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D006801:Humans; D012891:Sleep Apnea Syndromes / Q000150:complications*; D020186:Sleep Bruxism / Q000150:complications*
keywords: co-sleeping; community samples; development; sleep-disordered breathing; tooth grinding