title: Barnidipine compared to lercanidipine in addition to losartan on endothelial damage and oxidative stress parameters in patients with hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Essential hypertension has been extensively reported to cause endothelial dysfunction. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of barnidipine or lercanidipine, in addition to losartan, on some parameters indicative of endothelial damage and oxidative stress in hypertensive, type 2 diabetic patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and fifty one patients were randomised to barnidipine, 20 mg/day, or lercanidipine, 20 mg/day, both in addition to losartan, 100 mg/day, for 6 months. We assessed BP every month, in addition, patients underwent ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM). We also assessed: fasting plasma glucose (FPG), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), some markers such as high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (Hs-CRP), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and -9 (MMP-9), soluble vascular adhesion protein-1 (sVCAM-1), soluble intercellular adhesion protein-1 (sICAM-1), isoprostanes and paraoxonase-1 (PON-1).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both barnidipine and lercanidipine resulted in a significant reduction in blood pressure, even if the reduction obtained with barnidipine + losartan was greater than that obtained with lercanidipine + losartan. Data recorded with ABPM also showed a similar trend. Barnidipine + losartan reduced the levels of Hs-CRP, TNF-α, sVCAM-1, sICAM-1, and isoprostanes both compared to baseline and to lercanidipine + losartan.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Barnidipine + losartan gave an improvement of some parameters indicative of endothelial damage and oxidative stress in diabetic and hypertensive patients.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  NCT02064218 , ClinicalTrials.gov.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, P.le C. Golgi, 2, 27100, Pavia, Italy. giuseppe.derosa@unipv.it.|Center for the Study of Endocrine-Metabolic Pathophysiology and Clinical Research, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy. giuseppe.derosa@unipv.it.|Molecular Medicine Laboratory, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy. giuseppe.derosa@unipv.it.
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Derosa
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, P.le C. Golgi, 2, 27100, Pavia, Italy.
authors.forename: Amedeo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mugellini
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, P.le C. Golgi, 2, 27100, Pavia, Italy.
authors.forename: Rosa Maria
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Pesce
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, P.le C. Golgi, 2, 27100, Pavia, Italy.|Molecular Medicine Laboratory, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
authors.forename: Angela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: D'Angelo
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, P.le C. Golgi, 2, 27100, Pavia, Italy.|PhD School in Experimental Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
authors.forename: Pamela
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Maffioli
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D047228:Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology; D004095:Dihydropyridines / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D007558:Italy; D019808:Losartan / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009543:Nifedipine / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D047228:Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D015415:Biomarkers; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D004095:Dihydropyridines; C050699:mepirodipine; D009543:Nifedipine; D019808:Losartan; C060343:lercanidipine
keywords: Barnidipine; Losartan; Oxidative stress