title: Potential Impact of Graphic Health Warnings on Cigarette Packages in Reducing Cigarette Demand and Smoking-Related Deaths in Vietnam.
abstract: Two years after implementation of the graphic health warning intervention in Vietnam, it is very important to evaluate the intervention's potential impact. The objective of this paper was to predict effects of graphic health warnings on cigarette packages, particularly in reducing cigarette demand and smoking-associated deaths in Vietnam. In this study, a discrete choice experiment (DCE) method was used to evaluate the potential impact of graphic tobacco health warnings on smoking demand. To predict the impact of GHWs on reducing premature deaths associated with smoking, we constructed different static models. We adapted the method developed by University of Toronto, Canada and found that GHWs had statistically significant impact on reducing cigarette demand (up to 10.1% through images of lung damage), resulting in an overall decrease of smoking prevalence in Vietnam. We also found that between 428,417- 646,098 premature deaths would be prevented as a result of the GHW intervention. The potential impact of the GHW labels on reducing premature smoking-associated deaths in Vietnam were shown to be stronger among lower socio-economic groups.
authors.affiliation: Hanoi School of Public Health, Hanoi, Vietnam E-mail : hvm@hsph.edu.vn.
authors.forename: Hoang Van
authors.initials: HV
authors.lastname: Minh
authors.forename: Le Hong
authors.initials: le H
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.forename: Kim Bao
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: Giang
authors.forename: Duong Minh
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Duc
authors.forename: Nguyen Duc
authors.initials: ND
authors.lastname: Hinh
authors.forename: Vu Quynh
authors.initials: VQ
authors.lastname: Mai
authors.forename: Nguyen Manh
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Cuong
authors.forename: Pham Duc
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Manh
authors.forename: Ha Anh
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Duc
authors.forename: Jui-Chen
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006293:Health Promotion / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D011356:Product Labeling / Q000379:methods*; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000401:mortality / Q000523:psychology*; D016540:Smoking Cessation / Q000523:psychology*; D000074606:Smoking Prevention; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D015996:Survival Rate; D013997:Time Factors; D014029:Tobacco Use Disorder / Q000401:mortality / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000523:psychology*; D014744:Vietnam / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult