title: Drag-reducing polyethylene oxide improves microcirculation after hemorrhagic shock.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Despite resuscitation after trauma, microcirculatory abnormalities are known to persist in post-shock multiorgan dysfunction. The high-molecular weight polymer polyethylene oxide (PEO) (>10(6) Da), a classic drag-reducing polymer, can improve hemorrhagic shock (HS)-induced hemodynamic abnormalities in rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  We examined the effects of PEO on microcirculation and on changes in multiple organs after shock. After the spinotrapezius muscle was prepared, HS was induced in Sprague-Dawley rats. Drug administration (normal saline or PEO) was performed 2 h after shock followed by infusion of shed blood.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The velocity, blood flow, and functional capillary density in the shock + PEO group were significantly higher than those in the shock + normal saline group. Moreover, the kidney, liver, and lung function was improved, resulting in prolonged survival time. Our findings indicate that intravenous infusion of PEO can ameliorate shock-associated organ dysfunction and prolong survival time in severe HS, which may be a result of increased arteriolar blood velocity, blood flow, and functional capillary density.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PEO could have potential clinical application in the treatment of shock-induced multiorgan dysfunction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Zhenhua
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zeng
authors.affiliation: Department of Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Qin
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Youguang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Chenzhou, Institute of Translational Medicine, Chenzhou, Hunan, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Chenzhou, Institute of Translational Medicine, Chenzhou, Hunan, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Xingui
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Dai
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathophysiology, Guangdong Key Lab of Shock and Microcirculation Research, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Qiaobing
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Department of Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P. R. China. Electronic address: zhongqingchen.2008@163.com.
authors.forename: Zhongqing
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D007668:Kidney / Q000098:blood supply / Q000187:drug effects; D008099:Liver / Q000098:blood supply / Q000187:drug effects; D008168:Lung / Q000098:blood supply / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D008833:Microcirculation / Q000187:drug effects*; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012771:Shock, Hemorrhagic / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D013501:Surface-Active Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D013501:Surface-Active Agents; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols
keywords: Drag-reducing polymer (DRP); Hemorrhagic shock; Microcirculation; Polyethylene oxide; Sprague–Dawley rats