title: Management of Severe Frostbite in a Grey-Headed Parrot (Poicephalus fuscicollis suahelicus).
abstract: An approximately 5-year-old female grey-headed parrot (Poicephalus fuscicollis suahelicus) was evaluated after exposure to outdoor temperatures below -20°C (-4°F) for approximately 22 hours. Severe frostbite affecting multiple digits, as well as dehydration and a depressed attitude, were diagnosed. Treatment included oral antibiotics, antifungals, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatories (NSAIDs), pentoxifylline, and topical aloe vera. Surgical amputation of the affected toes was not performed. Mild to moderate pododermatitis over the intertarsal joints developed because of a shift in weight bearing after the loss of most digits. Within 5 months after initial presentation, all frost-damaged toes had self-amputated, and the bird was able to function independently with no limitations in mobility.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Martel-Arquette
authors.forename: Christoph
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mans
authors.forename: Kurt
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sladky
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001715:Bird Diseases / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D000077422:Enrofloxacin; D005260:Female; D024841:Fluoroquinolones / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005627:Frostbite / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy / Q000662:veterinary*; D017964:Itraconazole / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000077239:Meloxicam; D010146:Pain / Q000188:drug therapy; D010431:Pentoxifylline / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011563:Psittaciformes; D013843:Thiazines / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013844:Thiazoles / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D000935:Antifungal Agents; D024841:Fluoroquinolones; D013843:Thiazines; D013844:Thiazoles; D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D017964:Itraconazole; D000077422:Enrofloxacin; D010431:Pentoxifylline; D000077239:Meloxicam
keywords: Poicephalus fuscicollis suahelicus; avian; cold damage; freezing; frostbite; grey-headed parrot; psittacine; tissue damage