title: United Airway Disease Among Crop Farmers.
abstract: Although there are observed relationships between agriculture and respiratory health problems, little attention has been given to relationship between lower and upper airway problems among farmers in the United States. The objective was to investigate the possible relationship between occupational risk factors and "united airway disease" among farmers in eastern North Carolina. Farmers and farm workers were selected from eastern North Carolina by using a cluster sampling method. A total of 180 farmers and farm workers completed the questionnaire. Data analyses were conducted to test associations and correlations between working conditions and symptoms. Lower airway symptom prevalence was 35%, and 66% had upper airway symptoms. Only 1% of farmers had physician-diagnosed rhinitis. Self-reported rhinitis and asthma symptoms were significantly correlated (r = .228, P = .003) among farmer/farm workers. Upper airway diseases are prevalent yet overlooked among farmer/farm workers. Early management of upper airway symptoms may prevent severe lower airway diseases, which will lead to increased productivity in the agricultural workforce.
authors.affiliation: a The Center for Global Health, College of Health Sciences , Old Dominion University , Norfolk , Virginia , USA.|b Department of Public Health, Brody School of Medicine , East Carolina University , Greenville , North Carolina , USA.
authors.forename: Muge
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Akpinar-Elci
authors.affiliation: b Department of Public Health, Brody School of Medicine , East Carolina University , Greenville , North Carolina , USA.
authors.forename: Dana K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Pasquale
authors.affiliation: b Department of Public Health, Brody School of Medicine , East Carolina University , Greenville , North Carolina , USA.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Abrokwah
authors.affiliation: a The Center for Global Health, College of Health Sciences , Old Dominion University , Norfolk , Virginia , USA.
authors.forename: MyNgoc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.affiliation: b Department of Public Health, Brody School of Medicine , East Carolina University , Greenville , North Carolina , USA.|c Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine , St. George's University, School of Medicine , Grenada , West Indies.
authors.forename: Omur Cinar
authors.initials: OC
authors.lastname: Elci
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000382:Agricultural Workers' Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*; D001249:Asthma / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D000067565:Farmers; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006967:Hypersensitivity / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009657:North Carolina / Q000453:epidemiology; D012140:Respiratory Tract Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D012220:Rhinitis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D012307:Risk Factors; D012852:Sinusitis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology
keywords: Agriculture; North Carolina; respiratory disease