title: Effects of road transportation on metabolic and immunological responses in Holstein heifers.
abstract: This study examined the effects of road transportation on metabolic and immunological responses in dairy heifers. Twenty Holstein heifers in early pregnancy were divided into non-transported (NT; n = 7) and transported (T; n = 13) groups. Blood was collected before transportation (BT), immediately after transportation for 100 km (T1) and 200 km (T2), and 24 h after transportation (AT). The T heifers had higher (P < 0.05) blood cortisol and non-esterified fatty acid concentrations after T1 and T2 than did NT heifers. By contrast, the T heifers had lower (P < 0.05) serum triglyceride concentrations after T1 and T2 than had the NT heifers. The serum cortisol and triglyceride concentrations returned (P > 0.05) to the BT concentrations at 24 h AT in the T heifers. The granulocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio and the percentage of monocytes were higher (P < 0.05) after T2 in the T heifers than in the NT heifers, suggesting that transportation stress increased the numbers of innate immune cells. T heifers had higher (P < 0.01) plasma haptoglobin concentrations than NT heifers 24 h AT. In conclusion, transportation increased cortisol secretion and was correlated with increased metabolic responses and up-regulation of peripheral innate immune cells in dairy heifers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.|Institutes of Green Bio Science Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hyeok-Joong
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.affiliation: Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.|Institutes of Green Bio Science Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: In Kyu
authors.initials: IK
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.|Institutes of Green Bio Science Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Min-Yu
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Piao
authors.affiliation: Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.|Institutes of Green Bio Science Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Chae-Won
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Kwak
authors.affiliation: Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.|Institutes of Green Bio Science Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Min Jeong
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.affiliation: Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.|Institutes of Green Bio Science Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Cheol Heui
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Yun
authors.affiliation: Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.|Institutes of Green Bio Science Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hyun-Jin
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.|Institutes of Green Bio Science Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hyeon-Ju
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Ahn
authors.affiliation: Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.|Institutes of Green Bio Science Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hee-Bal
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Gyeom-Heon
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Soo-Ki
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: National Agricultural Cooperative Federation, Anseong, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jong-Youl
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Ko
authors.affiliation: Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.|Institutes of Green Bio Science Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jong K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Ha
authors.affiliation: Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.|Institutes of Green Bio Science Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Myunggi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Baik
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006098:Granulocytes / Q000276:immunology; D006242:Haptoglobins / Q000378:metabolism; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D007113:Immunity, Innate / Q000276:immunology*; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D011247:Pregnancy; D013312:Stress, Physiological / Q000276:immunology* / Q000502:physiology*; D013997:Time Factors; D014186:Transportation; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D006242:Haptoglobins; D014280:Triglycerides; D006854:Hydrocortisone
keywords: dairy heifers; early pregnant; metabolic and immunological responses; stress; transportation