title: X-ray laser diffraction for structure determination of the rhodopsin-arrestin complex.
abstract: Serial femtosecond X-ray crystallography (SFX) using an X-ray free electron laser (XFEL) is a recent advancement in structural biology for solving crystal structures of challenging membrane proteins, including G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs), which often only produce microcrystals. An XFEL delivers highly intense X-ray pulses of femtosecond duration short enough to enable the collection of single diffraction images before significant radiation damage to crystals sets in. Here we report the deposition of the XFEL data and provide further details on crystallization, XFEL data collection and analysis, structure determination, and the validation of the structural model. The rhodopsin-arrestin crystal structure solved with SFX represents the first near-atomic resolution structure of a GPCR-arrestin complex, provides structural insights into understanding of arrestin-mediated GPCR signaling, and demonstrates the great potential of this SFX-XFEL technology for accelerating crystal structure determination of challenging proteins and protein complexes.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Structural Sciences, Center for Structural Biology and Drug Discovery, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan 49503, USA.
authors.forename: X Edward
authors.initials: XE
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Structural Sciences, Center for Structural Biology and Drug Discovery, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan 49503, USA.
authors.forename: Xiang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: Center for Free Electron Laser Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, 22607 Hamburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Anton
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Barty
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Structural Sciences, Center for Structural Biology and Drug Discovery, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan 49503, USA.
authors.forename: Yanyong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Structural Sciences, Center for Structural Biology and Drug Discovery, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan 49503, USA.
authors.forename: Yuanzheng
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: School of Molecular Sciences, and Center for Applied Structural Discovery, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, USA.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Bridge Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA.
authors.forename: Andrii
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ishchenko
authors.affiliation: Center for Free Electron Laser Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, 22607 Hamburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Thomas A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: White
authors.affiliation: Center for Free Electron Laser Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, 22607 Hamburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Oleksandr
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Yefanov
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Bridge Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA.|Department of Biological Sciences, Bridge Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA.
authors.forename: Gye Won
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: Joint Center for Structural Genomics, Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA.
authors.forename: Qingping
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Structural Sciences, Center for Structural Biology and Drug Discovery, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan 49503, USA.
authors.forename: Parker W
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6922-9768
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: de Waal
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Structural Sciences, Center for Structural Biology and Drug Discovery, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan 49503, USA.
authors.forename: Kelly M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Suino-Powell
authors.affiliation: Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS), SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA.
authors.forename: Sébastien
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Boutet
authors.affiliation: Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS), SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA.
authors.forename: Garth J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.affiliation: Swiss Light Source at Paul Scherrer Institute, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Meitian
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine and School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity College, Dublin D02 R590, Ireland.
authors.forename: Dianfan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine and School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity College, Dublin D02 R590, Ireland.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Caffrey
authors.affiliation: Center for Free Electron Laser Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, 22607 Hamburg, Germany.|Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, 22761 Hamburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Henry N
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4655-1743
authors.initials: HN
authors.lastname: Chapman
authors.affiliation: Center for Free Electron Laser Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, 22607 Hamburg, Germany.|Department of Physics, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA.
authors.forename: John C H
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Spence
authors.affiliation: Center for Free Electron Laser Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, 22607 Hamburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Petra
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Fromme
authors.affiliation: Center for Free Electron Laser Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, 22607 Hamburg, Germany.|Department of Physics, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA.
authors.forename: Uwe
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Weierstall
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Bridge Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA.|Department of Biological Sciences, Bridge Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA.|iHuman Institute, Shanghai Tech University, 2F Building 6, 99 Haike Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai 201210, China.
authors.forename: Raymond C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Stevens
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Bridge Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA.
authors.forename: Vadim
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Cherezov
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Structural Sciences, Center for Structural Biology and Drug Discovery, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan 49503, USA.
authors.forename: Karsten
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Melcher
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Structural Sciences, Center for Structural Biology and Drug Discovery, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan 49503, USA.|VARI-SIMM Center, Center for Structure and Function of Drug Targets, CAS-Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China.
authors.forename: H Eric
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: Xu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019393:Arrestin / Q000737:chemistry*; D003460:Crystallization; D018360:Crystallography, X-Ray; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D008956:Models, Chemical; D012243:Rhodopsin / Q000737:chemistry*; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship
chemical_list: D019393:Arrestin; D012243:Rhodopsin