title: Arabidopsis thaliana DM2h (R8) within the Landsberg RPP1-like Resistance Locus Underlies Three Different Cases of EDS1-Conditioned Autoimmunity.
abstract: Plants have a large panel of nucleotide-binding/leucine rich repeat (NLR) immune receptors which monitor host interference by diverse pathogen molecules (effectors) and trigger disease resistance pathways. NLR receptor systems are necessarily under tight control to mitigate the trade-off between induced defenses and growth. Hence, mis-regulated NLRs often cause autoimmunity associated with stunting and, in severe cases, necrosis. Nucleocytoplasmic ENHANCED DISEASE SUSCEPTIBILITY1 (EDS1) is indispensable for effector-triggered and autoimmune responses governed by a family of Toll-Interleukin1-Receptor-related NLR receptors (TNLs). EDS1 operates coincidently or immediately downstream of TNL activation to transcriptionally reprogram cells for defense. We show here that low levels of nuclear-enforced EDS1 are sufficient for pathogen resistance in Arabidopsis thaliana, without causing negative effects. Plants expressing higher nuclear EDS1 amounts have the genetic, phenotypic and transcriptional hallmarks of TNL autoimmunity. In a screen for genetic suppressors of nuclear EDS1 autoimmunity, we map multiple, independent mutations to one gene, DM2h, lying within the polymorphic DANGEROUS MIX2 cluster of TNL RPP1-like genes from A. thaliana accession Landsberg erecta (Ler). The DM2 locus is a known hotspot for deleterious epistatic interactions leading to immune-related incompatibilities between A. thaliana natural accessions. We find that DM2hLer underlies two further genetic incompatibilities involving the RPP1-likeLer locus and EDS1. We conclude that the DM2hLer TNL protein and nuclear EDS1 cooperate, directly or indirectly, to drive cells into an immune response at the expense of growth. A further conclusion is that regulating the available EDS1 nuclear pool is fundamental for maintaining homeostatic control of TNL immune pathways.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant-Microbe Interactions, Max-Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne, Germany.|Department of Genetics, Martin Luther University Halle (Saale), Halle, Germany.
authors.forename: Johannes
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Stuttmann
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant-Microbe Interactions, Max-Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne, Germany.
authors.forename: Nora
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Peine
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant-Microbe Interactions, Max-Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne, Germany.
authors.forename: Ana V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Garcia
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics, Martin Luther University Halle (Saale), Halle, Germany.
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wagner
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant-Microbe Interactions, Max-Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne, Germany.
authors.forename: Sayan R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Choudhury
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant-Microbe Interactions, Max-Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne, Germany.
authors.forename: Yiming
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Developmental Biology, Max-Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne, Germany.
authors.forename: Geo Velikkakam
authors.initials: GV
authors.lastname: James
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant-Microbe Interactions, Max-Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne, Germany.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Griebel
authors.affiliation: Department of Natural Products, Plant Biology and Soil Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Ruben
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Alcázar
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant-Microbe Interactions, Max-Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne, Germany.
authors.forename: Kenichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tsuda
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Developmental Biology, Max-Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne, Germany.
authors.forename: Korbinian
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Schneeberger
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant-Microbe Interactions, Max-Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne, Germany.
authors.forename: Jane E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Parker
mesh_terms: D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000235:genetics*; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D015551:Autoimmunity / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D002265:Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases / Q000235:genetics; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D060467:Disease Resistance / Q000235:genetics; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D030821:Plants, Genetically Modified / Q000235:genetics; D017384:Sequence Deletion / Q000235:genetics; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; C475876:COG1 protein, Arabidopsis; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; C118837:EDS1 protein, Arabidopsis; D014157:Transcription Factors; D002265:Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases; C400766:PAD4 protein, Arabidopsis