title: Associations of serum n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids with plasma natriuretic peptides.
abstract: The n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have been associated with lower risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), but little is known about their association with natriuretic peptides (NPs), a marker for CVD risk. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of serum n-3 and n-6 PUFAs with NPs.
  
  
  
  A cross-sectional analysis of the association between serum n-3 and n-6 PUFAs with plasma N-terminal atrial (NT-proANP) and brain (NT-proBNP) NPs in a population-based sample of 985 men aged 46-65 years from Eastern Finland.
  
  
  
  After adjustment for age and examination year, only serum n-6 PUFA arachidonic acid (ARA) was inversely associated with NT-proANP (P-trend across quartiles=0.02), but further adjustments for conventional risk factors (body mass index, smoking, alcohol intake, systolic blood pressure, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and history of CVD) attenuated the association (P-trend=0.10). The associations with the other PUFAs were not statistically significant. Among the PUFAs, only serum n-3 PUFA docosapentaenoic acid (DPA; P-trend=0.03) and ARA (P-trend=0.02) had inverse associations with NT-proBNP after adjustment for age and examination years. The associations were again attenuated after further adjustments but remained statistically significant for DPA (P-trend=0.05). Our results also suggested that the inverse associations may be more evident among those using beta-blockers.
  
  
  
  Our study suggests little overall impact of serum n-3 or n-6 PUFAs on plasma NPs.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio Campus, Kuopio, Finland.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Daneshmand
authors.affiliation: Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio Campus, Kuopio, Finland.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kurl
authors.affiliation: Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio Campus, Kuopio, Finland.
authors.forename: T-P
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: Tuomainen
authors.affiliation: Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio Campus, Kuopio, Finland.
authors.forename: J K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Virtanen
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001095:Arachidonic Acids / Q000097:blood; D009320:Atrial Natriuretic Factor / Q000097:blood*; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000209:etiology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3 / Q000097:blood*; D043371:Fatty Acids, Omega-6 / Q000097:blood*; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated / Q000097:blood; D005387:Finland; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020097:Natriuretic Peptide, Brain / Q000097:blood*; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000097:blood*; D011498:Protein Precursors / Q000097:blood*; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D001095:Arachidonic Acids; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3; D043371:Fatty Acids, Omega-6; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated; C099254:N-terminal proatrial natriuretic peptide; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D011498:Protein Precursors; C109794:pro-brain natriuretic peptide (1-76); D020097:Natriuretic Peptide, Brain; D009320:Atrial Natriuretic Factor; C026219:docosapentaenoic acid