title: Acute Sleep Deprivation Induces a Local Brain Transfer Information Increase in the Frontal Cortex in a Widespread Decrease Context.
abstract: Sleep deprivation (SD) has adverse effects on mental and physical health, affecting the cognitive abilities and emotional states. Specifically, cognitive functions and alertness are known to decrease after SD. The aim of this work was to identify the directional information transfer after SD on scalp EEG signals using transfer entropy (TE). Using a robust methodology based on EEG recordings of 18 volunteers deprived from sleep for 36 h, TE and spectral analysis were performed to characterize EEG data acquired every 2 h. Correlation between connectivity measures and subjective somnolence was assessed. In general, TE showed medium- and long-range significant decreases originated at the occipital areas and directed towards different regions, which could be interpreted as the transfer of predictive information from parieto-occipital activity to the rest of the head. Simultaneously, short-range increases were obtained for the frontal areas, following a consistent and robust time course with significant maps after 20 h of sleep deprivation. Changes during sleep deprivation in brain network were measured effectively by TE, which showed increased local connectivity and diminished global integration. TE is an objective measure that could be used as a potential measure of sleep pressure and somnolence with the additional property of directed relationships.
authors.affiliation: Biomedical Engineering Research Centre, Department of Automatic Control, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Barcelona 08028, Spain. joan.francesc.alonso@upc.edu.|Barcelona College of Industrial Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Barcelona 08037, Spain. joan.francesc.alonso@upc.edu.|CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Zaragoza 50018, Spain. joan.francesc.alonso@upc.edu.
authors.forename: Joan F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Alonso
authors.affiliation: Biomedical Engineering Research Centre, Department of Automatic Control, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Barcelona 08028, Spain. sergio.romero-lafuente@upc.edu.|CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Zaragoza 50018, Spain. sergio.romero-lafuente@upc.edu.
authors.forename: Sergio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Romero
authors.affiliation: Biomedical Engineering Research Centre, Department of Automatic Control, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Barcelona 08028, Spain. miguel.angel.mananas@upc.edu.|Barcelona College of Industrial Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Barcelona 08037, Spain. miguel.angel.mananas@upc.edu.|CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Zaragoza 50018, Spain. miguel.angel.mananas@upc.edu.
authors.forename: Miguel A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Mañanas
authors.affiliation: Biomedical Engineering Research Centre, Department of Automatic Control, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Barcelona 08028, Spain. mrtalcala@gmail.com.|Barcelona College of Industrial Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Barcelona 08037, Spain. mrtalcala@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Alcalá
authors.affiliation: Drug Research Centre, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona 08026, Spain. RAntonijoanA@santpau.cat.|Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra 08193, Spain. RAntonijoanA@santpau.cat.|CIBER de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid 28029, Spain. RAntonijoanA@santpau.cat.
authors.forename: Rosa M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Antonijoan
authors.affiliation: Drug Research Centre, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona 08026, Spain. SGimenez@santpau.cat.|Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra 08193, Spain. SGimenez@santpau.cat.|CIBER de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid 28029, Spain. SGimenez@santpau.cat.|Sleep Unit, Respiratory Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona 08028, Spain. SGimenez@santpau.cat.
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Giménez
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001921:Brain / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004569:Electroencephalography; D019277:Entropy; D005260:Female; D005625:Frontal Lobe / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012890:Sleep / Q000502:physiology; D012892:Sleep Deprivation / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012894:Sleep Stages / Q000502:physiology; D014851:Wakefulness / Q000502:physiology
keywords: electroencephalography (EEG) transfer entropy (TE); prolonged wakefulness; sleep deprivation (SD)