title: Risk factors associated with acute/subacute cerebral infarction in HIV-negative patients with cryptococcal meningitis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore the risk factors associated with acute/subacute cerebral infarction (ASCI) in HIV-negative patients with cryptococcal meningitis (CM).
  
  
  METHODS
  This case-control study included 10 HIV-negative CM patients with ASCI and 30 age- and sex-matched HIV-negative control (1:3) CM patients without ASCI. The clinical manifestations and neuroimaging findings were collected. Risk factors for ASCI in the HIV-negative CM patients were confirmed by conditional logistic regression analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among the 10 HIV-negative CM patients with ASCI, all cases had lacunar infarctions. Single infarctions were found in 6 patients, and multiple infarctions in 4. Hydrocephalus (p=0.020, OR=23.77, 95% CI, 1.67-339.33) and smoking (p=0.039, OR=11.63, 95% CI, 1.14-118.96) were found to be independently associated with the occurrence of ASCI.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hydrocephalus and smoking may increase the risk of ASCI in HIV-negative CM patients. In the clinical course, cerebral infarction should be strongly suspected in CM patients with hydrocephalus or smoking histories.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.
authors.forename: Yan-Fang
authors.initials: YF
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.
authors.forename: Dan-Ni
authors.initials: DN
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.
authors.forename: Zhi-Ting
authors.initials: ZT
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China.
authors.forename: Zhen-Hua
authors.initials: ZH
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Fuzhou, China.
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.
authors.forename: Hua-Yan
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Fuzhou, China. Electronic address: ningwang@mail.fjmu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Ning
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002544:Cerebral Infarction / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology*; D038524:Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006849:Hydrocephalus / Q000209:etiology; D008297:Male; D016919:Meningitis, Cryptococcal / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Cerebral infarction; Clinical manifestation; Cryptococcal meningitis; Magnetic resonance imaging; Matched case-control studies; Risk factors