title: [Prevalence of atherosclerotic carotid plaques in semi-rural Gueoul, Senegal: Survey of 1411 subjects].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of atherosclerotic carotid plaques and association with cardiovascular risk factors and vascular diseases in a semi-rural area of Gueoul in Senegal.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a cross-sectional, descriptive study over a period of one month in 2012 in Senegalese people who were older than 35 years, and resided in semi-rural Gueoul for at least six months. Carotid plaques were measured with a portable Doppler Diadop 50(®) and defined by an intima-media thickness greater than 1.5mm. P-values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The survey involved 1411 individuals with a sex ratio of 2.93 and an average age of 48.5 years. Prevalence of risk factors was high: dyslipidemia (61.1 %), physical inactivity (56.2 %), abdominal obesity (53.9 %), hypertension (46.4 %), obesity (12 %), diabetes (7.2 %) and smoking (2.5 %). Prevalence of atherosclerotic carotid plaques was 6.8 %, including 42.7 % with bilateral plaques. Prevalence increased with age (P=0.001), hypertension (P=0.0001), diabetes (P=0.004) and metabolic syndrome (P=0.008). There were no significant associations with the other risk factors. The presence of carotid plaques was associated with medical history of stroke (P=0.01), myocardial infarction (P=0.02) and peripheral artery obstructive disease (P=0.5).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Prevalence of atherosclerotic carotid plaques seems weak but it is associated with many cardiovascular risk factors. It requires measures for early diagnosis and prevention of cardiovascular diseases in Senegal.
authors.affiliation: Service de cardiologie, hôpital Aristide-Le-Dantec, BP 6633, Dakar-Étoile, Sénégal. Electronic address: sokanam@yahoo.fr.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Babaka
authors.affiliation: Service de cardiologie, hôpital Aristide-Le-Dantec, BP 6633, Dakar-Étoile, Sénégal.
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Sarr
authors.affiliation: Service de cardiologie, hôpital Aristide-Le-Dantec, BP 6633, Dakar-Étoile, Sénégal.
authors.forename: A D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Kane
authors.affiliation: Service de cardiologie, hôpital général de Grand-Yoff, BP 3270, Dakar, Sénégal.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mbaye
authors.affiliation: Service de cardiologie, hôpital Aristide-Le-Dantec, BP 6633, Dakar-Étoile, Sénégal.
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Ngaïde
authors.affiliation: Service de cardiologie, hôpital Aristide-Le-Dantec, BP 6633, Dakar-Étoile, Sénégal.
authors.forename: D H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Fobang Djiogap
authors.affiliation: Service de cardiologie, hôpital Aristide-Le-Dantec, BP 6633, Dakar-Étoile, Sénégal.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bodian
authors.affiliation: Service de cardiologie, hôpital Aristide-Le-Dantec, BP 6633, Dakar-Étoile, Sénégal.
authors.forename: M B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Ndiaye
authors.affiliation: Service de médecine interne, hôpital Abass-Ndao, BP 5866, Dakar-Fann, Sénégal.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ndour-Mbaye
authors.affiliation: Service de cardiologie, hôpital Aristide-Le-Dantec, BP 6633, Dakar-Étoile, Sénégal.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Diao
authors.affiliation: Service de cardiologie, hôpital général de Grand-Yoff, BP 3270, Dakar, Sénégal.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Diack
authors.affiliation: Service de cardiologie, hôpital général de Grand-Yoff, BP 3270, Dakar, Sénégal.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kane
authors.affiliation: Service de cardiologie, hôpital général de Grand-Yoff, BP 3270, Dakar, Sénégal.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Diagne-Sow
authors.affiliation: Service de cardiologie, hôpital général de Grand-Yoff, BP 3270, Dakar, Sénégal.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kane
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002340:Carotid Artery Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000453:epidemiology; D050171:Dyslipidemias / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000453:epidemiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000453:epidemiology; D058226:Plaque, Atherosclerotic / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D012424:Rural Population; D012675:Senegal / Q000453:epidemiology; D020521:Stroke / Q000453:epidemiology
keywords: Atherosclerotic carotid plaque; Cardiovascular risk factors; Facteurs de risque cardiovasculaires; Gueoul; Guéoul; Intima-media thickness; Plaque d’athérome carotidienne; Senegal; Sénégal; Épaisseur intima-media