Vitamin D and its effects on cardiovascular diseases: a comprehensive review.
Vitamin D is a molecule that is actively involved in multiple metabolic pathways. It is mostly known for its implications related to calcium metabolism. It has also been determined that it actively participates in the cardiovascular system, influencing blood pressure, coronary artery disease and other vascular diseases, such as heart failure and atrial fibrillation. Furthermore, it has been established that this vitamin is extensively involved in the regulation of both the renin angiotensin aldosterone system and the immune system. In this review, we present the different vitamin D metabolic pathways associated with the cardiovascular pathophysiology, and we include studies in animal and human models, as well as some of the controversies found in the literature. This review also incorporates an overview of the implications in the molecular biology and public health fields.
Department of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Cardiology "Ignacio Chavez", Mexico City, Mexico.
Nonanzit
N
Pérez-Hernández
Department of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Cardiology "Ignacio Chavez", Mexico City, Mexico.|Faculty of Health Sciences, Anahuac University, Huixquilucan, Mexico.
Gad
G
Aptilon-Duque
Department of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Cardiology "Ignacio Chavez", Mexico City, Mexico.
María Cristina
MC
Nostroza-Hernández
Department of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Cardiology "Ignacio Chavez", Mexico City, Mexico.
Gilberto
G
Vargas-Alarcón
Department of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Cardiology "Ignacio Chavez", Mexico City, Mexico.
José Manuel
JM
Rodríguez-Pérez
Department of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Cardiology "Ignacio Chavez", Mexico City, Mexico.|Faculty of Health Sciences, Anahuac University, Huixquilucan, Mexico.
Ruben
R
Blachman-Braun
D000818:Animals; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D002319:Cardiovascular System / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D006801:Humans; D011379:Prognosis; D012307:Risk Factors; D015398:Signal Transduction; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014808:Vitamin D Deficiency / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology
D014807:Vitamin D
Cardiovascular system; Metabolic networks and pathways; Vitamin D