Impact of Guidelines on Clinical Practice: Intravenous Heparin Use for Acute Ischemic Stroke.
Since its introduction, controversy has existed about the administration of intravenous heparin for the treatment of acute ischemic stroke. We studied trends in the intravenous heparin use during a 6-year time period and the potential influence of clinical guidelines in national language on intravenous heparin administration in Korea.



On the basis of a prospective nationwide multicenter stroke registry, we collected data on patients with acute ischemic stroke who arrived within 7 days of symptom onset during the time period 2008 to 2013. We studied patient demographics, prestroke medical history, stroke characteristics, and stroke treatment. Data from a total of 23 425 patients from 12 university hospitals or regional stroke centers were analyzed.



The administration of intravenous heparin steadily decreased throughout the study period: 9.7% in 2008, 10.9% in 2009, 9.4% in 2010, 6.0% in 2011, 4.7% in 2012, and 4.3% in 2013 (P for trend <0.001). The reduced intravenous heparin use was associated with moderate stroke severity, atrial fibrillation, and stroke of cardioembolic, other-, and undetermined etiology. In a multivariable logistic model, increase of 1 calendar year (odds ratio, 0.89; 95% confidence interval, 0.84-0.95; P<0.001) and release of clinical practice guidelines in Korean (odd ratio, 0.74; 95% confidence interval, 0.59-0.91; P<0.01) were independent factors associated with reduction in the frequency of intravenous heparin use.



Use of intravenous heparin for acute ischemic stroke treatment has decreased in Korea, and this change may be attributable to the spread and successful implementation of regional clinical practice guidelines.
From the Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J.-W.C.); Department of Neurology, Cerebrovascular Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea (B.J.K., M.-K.H., M.S.J., H.-J.B.); Department of Neurology, Eulji University Hospital, Eulji University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea (Y.K., S.J.L.); Department of Neurology, Eulji General Hospital, Eulji University, Seoul, Republic of Korea (K.K., J.-M.P.); Department of Neurology, Seoul Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea (S.-S.P., T.H.P.); Department of Neurology, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University, Goyang, Republic of Korea (Y.-J.C., K.-S.H.); Department of Neurology, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea (K.B.L.); Department of Neurology, Yeungnam University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea (J.L.); Department of Neurology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Republic of Korea (W.-S.R., D.-E.K.); Department of Neurology, Dong-A University Hospital, Pusan, Republic of Korea (H.-W.N., D.-H.K., J.-K.C.); Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea (J.-T.K., K.-H.C.); Department of Neurology, Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, Republic of Korea (J.C.C.); Department of Neurology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Republic of Korea (M.-S.O., K.-H.Y., B.-C.L.); Clinical Research Center, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J.S.L.); Department of Biostatistics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J.L.); Department of Translational Science and Molecular Medicine, Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, Grand Rapids (P.B.G.); and Mercy Health Hauenstein Neurosciences, Grand Rapids, MI (P.B.G.); and Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea (B.-W.Y.).
Jong-Won
JW
Chung
From the Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J.-W.C.); Department of Neurology, Cerebrovascular Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea (B.J.K., M.-K.H., M.S.J., H.-J.B.); Department of Neurology, Eulji University Hospital, Eulji University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea (Y.K., S.J.L.); Department of Neurology, Eulji General Hospital, Eulji University, Seoul, Republic of Korea (K.K., J.-M.P.); Department of Neurology, Seoul Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea (S.-S.P., T.H.P.); Department of Neurology, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University, Goyang, Republic of Korea (Y.-J.C., K.-S.H.); Department of Neurology, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea (K.B.L.); Department of Neurology, Yeungnam University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea (J.L.); Department of Neurology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Republic of Korea (W.-S.R., D.-E.K.); Department of Neurology, Dong-A University Hospital, Pusan, Republic of Korea (H.-W.N., D.-H.K., J.-K.C.); Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea (J.-T.K., K.-H.C.); Department of Neurology, Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, Republic of Korea (J.C.C.); Department of Neurology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Republic of Korea (M.-S.O., K.-H.Y., B.-C.L.); Clinical Research Center, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J.S.L.); Department of Biostatistics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J.L.); Department of Translational Science and Molecular Medicine, Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, Grand Rapids (P.B.G.); and Mercy Health Hauenstein Neurosciences, Grand Rapids, MI (P.B.G.); and Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea (B.-W.Y.).
Beom Joon
BJ
Kim
From the Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J.-W.C.); Department of Neurology, Cerebrovascular Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea (B.J.K., M.-K.H., M.S.J., H.-J.B.); Department of Neurology, Eulji University Hospital, Eulji University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea (Y.K., S.J.L.); Department of Neurology, Eulji General Hospital, Eulji University, Seoul, Republic of Korea (K.K., J.-M.P.); Department of Neurology, Seoul Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea (S.-S.P., T.H.P.); Department of Neurology, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University, Goyang, Republic of Korea (Y.-J.C., K.-S.H.); Department of Neurology, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea (K.B.L.); Department of Neurology, Yeungnam University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea (J.L.); Department of Neurology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Republic of Korea (W.-S.R., D.-E.K.); Department of Neurology, Dong-A University Hospital, Pusan, Republic of Korea (H.-W.N., D.-H.K., J.-K.C.); Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea (J.-T.K., K.-H.C.); Department of Neurology, Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, Republic of Korea (J.C.C.); Department of Neurology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Republic of Korea (M.-S.O., K.-H.Y., B.-C.L.); Clinical Research Center, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J.S.L.); Department of Biostatistics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J.L.); Department of Translational Science and Molecular Medicine, Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, Grand Rapids (P.B.G.); and Mercy Health Hauenstein Neurosciences, Grand Rapids, MI (P.B.G.); and Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea (B.-W.Y.).
Moon-Ku
MK
Han
From the Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J.-W.C.); Department of Neurology, Cerebrovascular Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea (B.J.K., M.-K.H., M.S.J., H.-J.B.); Department of Neurology, Eulji University Hospital, Eulji University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea (Y.K., S.J.L.); Department of Neurology, Eulji General Hospital, Eulji University, Seoul, Republic of Korea (K.K., J.-M.P.); Department of Neurology, Seoul Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea (S.-S.P., T.H.P.); Department of Neurology, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University, Goyang, Republic of Korea (Y.-J.C., K.-S.H.); Department of Neurology, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea (K.B.L.); Department of Neurology, Yeungnam University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea (J.L.); Department of Neurology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Republic of Korea (W.-S.R., D.-E.K.); Department of Neurology, Dong-A University Hospital, Pusan, Republic of Korea (H.-W.N., D.-H.K., J.-K.C.); Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea (J.-T.K., K.-H.C.); Department of Neurology, Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, Republic of Korea (J.C.C.); Department of Neurology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Republic of Korea (M.-S.O., K.-H.Y., B.-C.L.); Clinical Research Center, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J.S.L.); Department of Biostatistics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J.L.); Department of Translational Science and Molecular Medicine, Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, Grand Rapids (P.B.G.); and Mercy Health Hauenstein Neurosciences, Grand Rapids, MI (P.B.G.); and Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea (B.-W.Y.).
Youngchai
Y
Ko
From the Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J.-W.C.); Department of Neurology, Cerebrovascular Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea (B.J.K., M.-K.H., M.S.J., H.-J.B.); Department of Neurology, Eulji University Hospital, Eulji University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea (Y.K., S.J.L.); Department of Neurology, Eulji General Hospital, Eulji University, Seoul, Republic of Korea (K.K., J.-M.P.); Department of Neurology, Seoul Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea (S.-S.P., T.H.P.); Department of Neurology, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University, Goyang, Republic of Korea (Y.-J.C., K.-S.H.); Department of Neurology, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea (K.B.L.); Department of Neurology, Yeungnam University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea (J.L.); Department of Neurology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Republic of Korea (W.-S.R., D.-E.K.); Department of Neurology, Dong-A University Hospital, Pusan, Republic of Korea (H.-W.N., D.-H.K., J.-K.C.); Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea (J.-T.K., K.-H.C.); Department of Neurology, Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, Republic of Korea (J.C.C.); Department of Neurology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Republic of Korea (M.-S.O., K.-H.Y., B.-C.L.); Clinical Research Center, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J.S.L.); Department of Biostatistics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J.L.); Department of Translational Science and Molecular Medicine, Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, Grand Rapids (P.B.G.); and Mercy Health Hauenstein Neurosciences, Grand Rapids, MI (P.B.G.); and Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea (B.-W.Y.).
SooJoo
S
Lee
From the Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J.-W.C.); Department of Neurology, Cerebrovascular Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea (B.J.K., M.-K.H., M.S.J., H.-J.B.); Department of Neurology, Eulji University Hospital, Eulji University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea (Y.K., S.J.L.); Department of Neurology, Eulji General Hospital, Eulji University, Seoul, Republic of Korea (K.K., J.-M.P.); Department of Neurology, Seoul Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea (S.-S.P., T.H.P.); Department of Neurology, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University, Goyang, Republic of Korea (Y.-J.C., K.-S.H.); Department of Neurology, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea (K.B.L.); Department of Neurology, Yeungnam University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea (J.L.); Department of Neurology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Republic of Korea (W.-S.R., D.-E.K.); Department of Neurology, Dong-A University Hospital, Pusan, Republic of Korea (H.-W.N., D.-H.K., J.-K.C.); Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea (J.-T.K., K.-H.C.); Department of Neurology, Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, Republic of Korea (J.C.C.); Department of Neurology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Republic of Korea (M.-S.O., K.-H.Y., B.-C.L.); Clinical Research Center, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J.S.L.); Department of Biostatistics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J.L.); Department of Translational Science and Molecular Medicine, Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, Grand Rapids (P.B.G.); and Mercy Health Hauenstein Neurosciences, Grand Rapids, MI (P.B.G.); and Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea (B.-W.Y.).
Kyusik
K
Kang
From the Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J.-W.C.); Department of Neurology, Cerebrovascular Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea (B.J.K., M.-K.H., M.S.J., H.-J.B.); Department of Neurology, Eulji University Hospital, Eulji University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea (Y.K., S.J.L.); Department of Neurology, Eulji General Hospital, Eulji University, Seoul, Republic of Korea (K.K., J.-M.P.); Department of Neurology, Seoul Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea (S.-S.P., T.H.P.); Department of Neurology, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University, Goyang, Republic of Korea (Y.-J.C., K.-S.H.); Department of Neurology, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea (K.B.L.); Department of Neurology, Yeungnam University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea (J.L.); Department of Neurology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Republic of Korea (W.-S.R., D.-E.K.); Department of Neurology, Dong-A University Hospital, Pusan, Republic of Korea (H.-W.N., D.-H.K., J.-K.C.); Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea (J.-T.K., K.-H.C.); Department of Neurology, Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, Republic of Korea (J.C.C.); Department of Neurology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Republic of Korea (M.-S.O., K.-H.Y., B.-C.L.); Clinical Research Center, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J.S.L.); Department of Biostatistics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J.L.); Department of Translational Science and Molecular Medicine, Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, Grand Rapids (P.B.G.); and Mercy Health Hauenstein Neurosciences, Grand Rapids, MI (P.B.G.); and Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea (B.-W.Y.).
Jong-Moo
JM
Park
From the Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J.-W.C.); Department of Neurology, Cerebrovascular Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea (B.J.K., M.-K.H., M.S.J., H.-J.B.); Department of Neurology, Eulji University Hospital, Eulji University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea (Y.K., S.J.L.); Department of Neurology, Eulji General Hospital, Eulji University, Seoul, Republic of Korea (K.K., J.-M.P.); Department of Neurology, Seoul Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea (S.-S.P., T.H.P.); Department of Neurology, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University, Goyang, Republic of Korea (Y.-J.C., K.-S.H.); Department of Neurology, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea (K.B.L.); Department of Neurology, Yeungnam University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea (J.L.); Department of Neurology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Republic of Korea (W.-S.R., D.-E.K.); Department of Neurology, Dong-A University Hospital, Pusan, Republic of Korea (H.-W.N., D.-H.K., J.-K.C.); Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea (J.-T.K., K.-H.C.); Department of Neurology, Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, Republic of Korea (J.C.C.); Department of Neurology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Republic of Korea (M.-S.O., K.-H.Y., B.-C.L.); Clinical Research Center, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J.S.L.); Department of Biostatistics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J.L.); Department of Translational Science and Molecular Medicine, Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, Grand Rapids (P.B.G.); and Mercy Health Hauenstein Neurosciences, Grand Rapids, MI (P.B.G.); and Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea (B.-W.Y.).
Sang-Soon
SS
Park
From the Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J.-W.C.); Department of Neurology, Cerebrovascular Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea (B.J.K., M.-K.H., M.S.J., H.-J.B.); Department of Neurology, Eulji University Hospital, Eulji University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea (Y.K., S.J.L.); Department of Neurology, Eulji General Hospital, Eulji University, Seoul, Republic of Korea (K.K., J.-M.P.); Department of Neurology, Seoul Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea (S.-S.P., T.H.P.); Department of Neurology, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University, Goyang, Republic of Korea (Y.-J.C., K.-S.H.); Department of Neurology, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea (K.B.L.); Department of Neurology, Yeungnam University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea (J.L.); Department of Neurology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Republic of Korea (W.-S.R., D.-E.K.); Department of Neurology, Dong-A University Hospital, Pusan, Republic of Korea (H.-W.N., D.-H.K., J.-K.C.); Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea (J.-T.K., K.-H.C.); Department of Neurology, Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, Republic of Korea (J.C.C.); Department of Neurology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Republic of Korea (M.-S.O., K.-H.Y., B.-C.L.); Clinical Research Center, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J.S.L.); Department of Biostatistics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J.L.); Department of Translational Science and Molecular Medicine, Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, Grand Rapids (P.B.G.); and Mercy Health Hauenstein Neurosciences, Grand Rapids, MI (P.B.G.); and Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea (B.-W.Y.).
Tai Hwan
TH
Park
From the Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J.-W.C.); Department of Neurology, Cerebrovascular Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea (B.J.K., M.-K.H., M.S.J., H.-J.B.); Department of Neurology, Eulji University Hospital, Eulji University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea (Y.K., S.J.L.); Department of Neurology, Eulji General Hospital, Eulji University, Seoul, Republic of Korea (K.K., J.-M.P.); Department of Neurology, Seoul Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea (S.-S.P., T.H.P.); Department of Neurology, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University, Goyang, Republic of Korea (Y.-J.C., K.-S.H.); Department of Neurology, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea (K.B.L.); Department of Neurology, Yeungnam University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea (J.L.); Department of Neurology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Republic of Korea (W.-S.R., D.-E.K.); Department of Neurology, Dong-A University Hospital, Pusan, Republic of Korea (H.-W.N., D.-H.K., J.-K.C.); Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea (J.-T.K., K.-H.C.); Department of Neurology, Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, Republic of Korea (J.C.C.); Department of Neurology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Republic of Korea (M.-S.O., K.-H.Y., B.-C.L.); Clinical Research Center, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J.S.L.); Department of Biostatistics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J.L.); Department of Translational Science and Molecular Medicine, Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, Grand Rapids (P.B.G.); and Mercy Health Hauenstein Neurosciences, Grand Rapids, MI (P.B.G.); and Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea (B.-W.Y.).
Yong-Jin
YJ
Cho
From the Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J.-W.C.); Department of Neurology, Cerebrovascular Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea (B.J.K., M.-K.H., M.S.J., H.-J.B.); Department of Neurology, Eulji University Hospital, Eulji University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea (Y.K., S.J.L.); Department of Neurology, Eulji General Hospital, Eulji University, Seoul, Republic of Korea (K.K., J.-M.P.); Department of Neurology, Seoul Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea (S.-S.P., T.H.P.); Department of Neurology, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University, Goyang, Republic of Korea (Y.-J.C., K.-S.H.); Department of Neurology, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea (K.B.L.); Department of Neurology, Yeungnam University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea (J.L.); Department of Neurology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Republic of Korea (W.-S.R., D.-E.K.); Department of Neurology, Dong-A University Hospital, Pusan, Republic of Korea (H.-W.N., D.-H.K., J.-K.C.); Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea (J.-T.K., K.-H.C.); Department of Neurology, Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, Republic of Korea (J.C.C.); Department of Neurology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Republic of Korea (M.-S.O., K.-H.Y., B.-C.L.); Clinical Research Center, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J.S.L.); Department of Biostatistics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J.L.); Department of Translational Science and Molecular Medicine, Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, Grand Rapids (P.B.G.); and Mercy Health Hauenstein Neurosciences, Grand Rapids, MI (P.B.G.); and Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea (B.-W.Y.).
Keun-Sik
KS
Hong
From the Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J.-W.C.); Department of Neurology, Cerebrovascular Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea (B.J.K., M.-K.H., M.S.J., H.-J.B.); Department of Neurology, Eulji University Hospital, Eulji University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea (Y.K., S.J.L.); Department of Neurology, Eulji General Hospital, Eulji University, Seoul, Republic of Korea (K.K., J.-M.P.); Department of Neurology, Seoul Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea (S.-S.P., T.H.P.); Department of Neurology, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University, Goyang, Republic of Korea (Y.-J.C., K.-S.H.); Department of Neurology, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea (K.B.L.); Department of Neurology, Yeungnam University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea (J.L.); Department of Neurology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Republic of Korea (W.-S.R., D.-E.K.); Department of Neurology, Dong-A University Hospital, Pusan, Republic of Korea (H.-W.N., D.-H.K., J.-K.C.); Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea (J.-T.K., K.-H.C.); Department of Neurology, Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, Republic of Korea (J.C.C.); Department of Neurology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Republic of Korea (M.-S.O., K.-H.Y., B.-C.L.); Clinical Research Center, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J.S.L.); Department of Biostatistics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J.L.); Department of Translational Science and Molecular Medicine, Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, Grand Rapids (P.B.G.); and Mercy Health Hauenstein Neurosciences, Grand Rapids, MI (P.B.G.); and Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea (B.-W.Y.).
Kyung Bok
KB
Lee
From the Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J.-W.C.); Department of Neurology, Cerebrovascular Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea (B.J.K., M.-K.H., M.S.J., H.-J.B.); Department of Neurology, Eulji University Hospital, Eulji University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea (Y.K., S.J.L.); Department of Neurology, Eulji General Hospital, Eulji University, Seoul, Republic of Korea (K.K., J.-M.P.); Department of Neurology, Seoul Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea (S.-S.P., T.H.P.); Department of Neurology, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University, Goyang, Republic of Korea (Y.-J.C., K.-S.H.); Department of Neurology, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea (K.B.L.); Department of Neurology, Yeungnam University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea (J.L.); Department of Neurology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Republic of Korea (W.-S.R., D.-E.K.); Department of Neurology, Dong-A University Hospital, Pusan, Republic of Korea (H.-W.N., D.-H.K., J.-K.C.); Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea (J.-T.K., K.-H.C.); Department of Neurology, Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, Republic of Korea (J.C.C.); Department of Neurology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Republic of Korea (M.-S.O., K.-H.Y., B.-C.L.); Clinical Research Center, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J.S.L.); Department of Biostatistics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J.L.); Department of Translational Science and Molecular Medicine, Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, Grand Rapids (P.B.G.); and Mercy Health Hauenstein Neurosciences, Grand Rapids, MI (P.B.G.); and Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea (B.-W.Y.).
Jun
J
Lee
From the Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J.-W.C.); Department of Neurology, Cerebrovascular Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea (B.J.K., M.-K.H., M.S.J., H.-J.B.); Department of Neurology, Eulji University Hospital, Eulji University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea (Y.K., S.J.L.); Department of Neurology, Eulji General Hospital, Eulji University, Seoul, Republic of Korea (K.K., J.-M.P.); Department of Neurology, Seoul Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea (S.-S.P., T.H.P.); Department of Neurology, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University, Goyang, Republic of Korea (Y.-J.C., K.-S.H.); Department of Neurology, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea (K.B.L.); Department of Neurology, Yeungnam University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea (J.L.); Department of Neurology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Republic of Korea (W.-S.R., D.-E.K.); Department of Neurology, Dong-A University Hospital, Pusan, Republic of Korea (H.-W.N., D.-H.K., J.-K.C.); Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea (J.-T.K., K.-H.C.); Department of Neurology, Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, Republic of Korea (J.C.C.); Department of Neurology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Republic of Korea (M.-S.O., K.-H.Y., B.-C.L.); Clinical Research Center, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J.S.L.); Department of Biostatistics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J.L.); Department of Translational Science and Molecular Medicine, Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, Grand Rapids (P.B.G.); and Mercy Health Hauenstein Neurosciences, Grand Rapids, MI (P.B.G.); and Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea (B.-W.Y.).
Wi-Sun
WS
Ryu
From the Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J.-W.C.); Department of Neurology, Cerebrovascular Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea (B.J.K., M.-K.H., M.S.J., H.-J.B.); Department of Neurology, Eulji University Hospital, Eulji University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea (Y.K., S.J.L.); Department of Neurology, Eulji General Hospital, Eulji University, Seoul, Republic of Korea (K.K., J.-M.P.); Department of Neurology, Seoul Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea (S.-S.P., T.H.P.); Department of Neurology, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University, Goyang, Republic of Korea (Y.-J.C., K.-S.H.); Department of Neurology, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea (K.B.L.); Department of Neurology, Yeungnam University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea (J.L.); Department of Neurology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Republic of Korea (W.-S.R., D.-E.K.); Department of Neurology, Dong-A University Hospital, Pusan, Republic of Korea (H.-W.N., D.-H.K., J.-K.C.); Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea (J.-T.K., K.-H.C.); Department of Neurology, Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, Republic of Korea (J.C.C.); Department of Neurology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Republic of Korea (M.-S.O., K.-H.Y., B.-C.L.); Clinical Research Center, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J.S.L.); Department of Biostatistics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J.L.); Department of Translational Science and Molecular Medicine, Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, Grand Rapids (P.B.G.); and Mercy Health Hauenstein Neurosciences, Grand Rapids, MI (P.B.G.); and Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea (B.-W.Y.).
Dong-Eog
DE
Kim
From the Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J.-W.C.); Department of Neurology, Cerebrovascular Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea (B.J.K., M.-K.H., M.S.J., H.-J.B.); Department of Neurology, Eulji University Hospital, Eulji University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea (Y.K., S.J.L.); Department of Neurology, Eulji General Hospital, Eulji University, Seoul, Republic of Korea (K.K., J.-M.P.); Department of Neurology, Seoul Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea (S.-S.P., T.H.P.); Department of Neurology, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University, Goyang, Republic of Korea (Y.-J.C., K.-S.H.); Department of Neurology, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea (K.B.L.); Department of Neurology, Yeungnam University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea (J.L.); Department of Neurology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Republic of Korea (W.-S.R., D.-E.K.); Department of Neurology, Dong-A University Hospital, Pusan, Republic of Korea (H.-W.N., D.-H.K., J.-K.C.); Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea (J.-T.K., K.-H.C.); Department of Neurology, Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, Republic of Korea (J.C.C.); Department of Neurology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Republic of Korea (M.-S.O., K.-H.Y., B.-C.L.); Clinical Research Center, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J.S.L.); Department of Biostatistics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J.L.); Department of Translational Science and Molecular Medicine, Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, Grand Rapids (P.B.G.); and Mercy Health Hauenstein Neurosciences, Grand Rapids, MI (P.B.G.); and Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea (B.-W.Y.).
Hyun-Wook
HW
Nah
From the Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J.-W.C.); Department of Neurology, Cerebrovascular Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea (B.J.K., M.-K.H., M.S.J., H.-J.B.); Department of Neurology, Eulji University Hospital, Eulji University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea (Y.K., S.J.L.); Department of Neurology, Eulji General Hospital, Eulji University, Seoul, Republic of Korea (K.K., J.-M.P.); Department of Neurology, Seoul Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea (S.-S.P., T.H.P.); Department of Neurology, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University, Goyang, Republic of Korea (Y.-J.C., K.-S.H.); Department of Neurology, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea (K.B.L.); Department of Neurology, Yeungnam University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea (J.L.); Department of Neurology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Republic of Korea (W.-S.R., D.-E.K.); Department of Neurology, Dong-A University Hospital, Pusan, Republic of Korea (H.-W.N., D.-H.K., J.-K.C.); Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea (J.-T.K., K.-H.C.); Department of Neurology, Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, Republic of Korea (J.C.C.); Department of Neurology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Republic of Korea (M.-S.O., K.-H.Y., B.-C.L.); Clinical Research Center, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J.S.L.); Department of Biostatistics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J.L.); Department of Translational Science and Molecular Medicine, Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, Grand Rapids (P.B.G.); and Mercy Health Hauenstein Neurosciences, Grand Rapids, MI (P.B.G.); and Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea (B.-W.Y.).
Dae-Hyun
DH
Kim
From the Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J.-W.C.); Department of Neurology, Cerebrovascular Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea (B.J.K., M.-K.H., M.S.J., H.-J.B.); Department of Neurology, Eulji University Hospital, Eulji University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea (Y.K., S.J.L.); Department of Neurology, Eulji General Hospital, Eulji University, Seoul, Republic of Korea (K.K., J.-M.P.); Department of Neurology, Seoul Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea (S.-S.P., T.H.P.); Department of Neurology, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University, Goyang, Republic of Korea (Y.-J.C., K.-S.H.); Department of Neurology, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea (K.B.L.); Department of Neurology, Yeungnam University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea (J.L.); Department of Neurology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Republic of Korea (W.-S.R., D.-E.K.); Department of Neurology, Dong-A University Hospital, Pusan, Republic of Korea (H.-W.N., D.-H.K., J.-K.C.); Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea (J.-T.K., K.-H.C.); Department of Neurology, Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, Republic of Korea (J.C.C.); Department of Neurology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Republic of Korea (M.-S.O., K.-H.Y., B.-C.L.); Clinical Research Center, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J.S.L.); Department of Biostatistics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J.L.); Department of Translational Science and Molecular Medicine, Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, Grand Rapids (P.B.G.); and Mercy Health Hauenstein Neurosciences, Grand Rapids, MI (P.B.G.); and Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea (B.-W.Y.).
Jae-Kwan
JK
Cha
From the Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J.-W.C.); Department of Neurology, Cerebrovascular Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea (B.J.K., M.-K.H., M.S.J., H.-J.B.); Department of Neurology, Eulji University Hospital, Eulji University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea (Y.K., S.J.L.); Department of Neurology, Eulji General Hospital, Eulji University, Seoul, Republic of Korea (K.K., J.-M.P.); Department of Neurology, Seoul Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea (S.-S.P., T.H.P.); Department of Neurology, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University, Goyang, Republic of Korea (Y.-J.C., K.-S.H.); Department of Neurology, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea (K.B.L.); Department of Neurology, Yeungnam University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea (J.L.); Department of Neurology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Republic of Korea (W.-S.R., D.-E.K.); Department of Neurology, Dong-A University Hospital, Pusan, Republic of Korea (H.-W.N., D.-H.K., J.-K.C.); Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea (J.-T.K., K.-H.C.); Department of Neurology, Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, Republic of Korea (J.C.C.); Department of Neurology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Republic of Korea (M.-S.O., K.-H.Y., B.-C.L.); Clinical Research Center, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J.S.L.); Department of Biostatistics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J.L.); Department of Translational Science and Molecular Medicine, Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, Grand Rapids (P.B.G.); and Mercy Health Hauenstein Neurosciences, Grand Rapids, MI (P.B.G.); and Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea (B.-W.Y.).
Joon-Tae
JT
Kim
From the Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J.-W.C.); Department of Neurology, Cerebrovascular Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea (B.J.K., M.-K.H., M.S.J., H.-J.B.); Department of Neurology, Eulji University Hospital, Eulji University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea (Y.K., S.J.L.); Department of Neurology, Eulji General Hospital, Eulji University, Seoul, Republic of Korea (K.K., J.-M.P.); Department of Neurology, Seoul Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea (S.-S.P., T.H.P.); Department of Neurology, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University, Goyang, Republic of Korea (Y.-J.C., K.-S.H.); Department of Neurology, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea (K.B.L.); Department of Neurology, Yeungnam University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea (J.L.); Department of Neurology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Republic of Korea (W.-S.R., D.-E.K.); Department of Neurology, Dong-A University Hospital, Pusan, Republic of Korea (H.-W.N., D.-H.K., J.-K.C.); Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea (J.-T.K., K.-H.C.); Department of Neurology, Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, Republic of Korea (J.C.C.); Department of Neurology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Republic of Korea (M.-S.O., K.-H.Y., B.-C.L.); Clinical Research Center, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J.S.L.); Department of Biostatistics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J.L.); Department of Translational Science and Molecular Medicine, Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, Grand Rapids (P.B.G.); and Mercy Health Hauenstein Neurosciences, Grand Rapids, MI (P.B.G.); and Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea (B.-W.Y.).
Ki-Hyun
KH
Cho
From the Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J.-W.C.); Department of Neurology, Cerebrovascular Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea (B.J.K., M.-K.H., M.S.J., H.-J.B.); Department of Neurology, Eulji University Hospital, Eulji University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea (Y.K., S.J.L.); Department of Neurology, Eulji General Hospital, Eulji University, Seoul, Republic of Korea (K.K., J.-M.P.); Department of Neurology, Seoul Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea (S.-S.P., T.H.P.); Department of Neurology, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University, Goyang, Republic of Korea (Y.-J.C., K.-S.H.); Department of Neurology, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea (K.B.L.); Department of Neurology, Yeungnam University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea (J.L.); Department of Neurology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Republic of Korea (W.-S.R., D.-E.K.); Department of Neurology, Dong-A University Hospital, Pusan, Republic of Korea (H.-W.N., D.-H.K., J.-K.C.); Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea (J.-T.K., K.-H.C.); Department of Neurology, Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, Republic of Korea (J.C.C.); Department of Neurology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Republic of Korea (M.-S.O., K.-H.Y., B.-C.L.); Clinical Research Center, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J.S.L.); Department of Biostatistics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J.L.); Department of Translational Science and Molecular Medicine, Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, Grand Rapids (P.B.G.); and Mercy Health Hauenstein Neurosciences, Grand Rapids, MI (P.B.G.); and Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea (B.-W.Y.).
Jay Chol
JC
Choi
From the Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J.-W.C.); Department of Neurology, Cerebrovascular Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea (B.J.K., M.-K.H., M.S.J., H.-J.B.); Department of Neurology, Eulji University Hospital, Eulji University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea (Y.K., S.J.L.); Department of Neurology, Eulji General Hospital, Eulji University, Seoul, Republic of Korea (K.K., J.-M.P.); Department of Neurology, Seoul Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea (S.-S.P., T.H.P.); Department of Neurology, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University, Goyang, Republic of Korea (Y.-J.C., K.-S.H.); Department of Neurology, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea (K.B.L.); Department of Neurology, Yeungnam University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea (J.L.); Department of Neurology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Republic of Korea (W.-S.R., D.-E.K.); Department of Neurology, Dong-A University Hospital, Pusan, Republic of Korea (H.-W.N., D.-H.K., J.-K.C.); Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea (J.-T.K., K.-H.C.); Department of Neurology, Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, Republic of Korea (J.C.C.); Department of Neurology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Republic of Korea (M.-S.O., K.-H.Y., B.-C.L.); Clinical Research Center, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J.S.L.); Department of Biostatistics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J.L.); Department of Translational Science and Molecular Medicine, Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, Grand Rapids (P.B.G.); and Mercy Health Hauenstein Neurosciences, Grand Rapids, MI (P.B.G.); and Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea (B.-W.Y.).
Mi-Sun
MS
Oh
From the Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J.-W.C.); Department of Neurology, Cerebrovascular Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea (B.J.K., M.-K.H., M.S.J., H.-J.B.); Department of Neurology, Eulji University Hospital, Eulji University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea (Y.K., S.J.L.); Department of Neurology, Eulji General Hospital, Eulji University, Seoul, Republic of Korea (K.K., J.-M.P.); Department of Neurology, Seoul Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea (S.-S.P., T.H.P.); Department of Neurology, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University, Goyang, Republic of Korea (Y.-J.C., K.-S.H.); Department of Neurology, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea (K.B.L.); Department of Neurology, Yeungnam University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea (J.L.); Department of Neurology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Republic of Korea (W.-S.R., D.-E.K.); Department of Neurology, Dong-A University Hospital, Pusan, Republic of Korea (H.-W.N., D.-H.K., J.-K.C.); Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea (J.-T.K., K.-H.C.); Department of Neurology, Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, Republic of Korea (J.C.C.); Department of Neurology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Republic of Korea (M.-S.O., K.-H.Y., B.-C.L.); Clinical Research Center, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J.S.L.); Department of Biostatistics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J.L.); Department of Translational Science and Molecular Medicine, Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, Grand Rapids (P.B.G.); and Mercy Health Hauenstein Neurosciences, Grand Rapids, MI (P.B.G.); and Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea (B.-W.Y.).
Kyung-Ho
KH
Yu
From the Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J.-W.C.); Department of Neurology, Cerebrovascular Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea (B.J.K., M.-K.H., M.S.J., H.-J.B.); Department of Neurology, Eulji University Hospital, Eulji University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea (Y.K., S.J.L.); Department of Neurology, Eulji General Hospital, Eulji University, Seoul, Republic of Korea (K.K., J.-M.P.); Department of Neurology, Seoul Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea (S.-S.P., T.H.P.); Department of Neurology, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University, Goyang, Republic of Korea (Y.-J.C., K.-S.H.); Department of Neurology, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea (K.B.L.); Department of Neurology, Yeungnam University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea (J.L.); Department of Neurology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Republic of Korea (W.-S.R., D.-E.K.); Department of Neurology, Dong-A University Hospital, Pusan, Republic of Korea (H.-W.N., D.-H.K., J.-K.C.); Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea (J.-T.K., K.-H.C.); Department of Neurology, Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, Republic of Korea (J.C.C.); Department of Neurology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Republic of Korea (M.-S.O., K.-H.Y., B.-C.L.); Clinical Research Center, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J.S.L.); Department of Biostatistics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J.L.); Department of Translational Science and Molecular Medicine, Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, Grand Rapids (P.B.G.); and Mercy Health Hauenstein Neurosciences, Grand Rapids, MI (P.B.G.); and Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea (B.-W.Y.).
Byung-Chul
BC
Lee
From the Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J.-W.C.); Department of Neurology, Cerebrovascular Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea (B.J.K., M.-K.H., M.S.J., H.-J.B.); Department of Neurology, Eulji University Hospital, Eulji University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea (Y.K., S.J.L.); Department of Neurology, Eulji General Hospital, Eulji University, Seoul, Republic of Korea (K.K., J.-M.P.); Department of Neurology, Seoul Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea (S.-S.P., T.H.P.); Department of Neurology, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University, Goyang, Republic of Korea (Y.-J.C., K.-S.H.); Department of Neurology, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea (K.B.L.); Department of Neurology, Yeungnam University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea (J.L.); Department of Neurology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Republic of Korea (W.-S.R., D.-E.K.); Department of Neurology, Dong-A University Hospital, Pusan, Republic of Korea (H.-W.N., D.-H.K., J.-K.C.); Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea (J.-T.K., K.-H.C.); Department of Neurology, Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, Republic of Korea (J.C.C.); Department of Neurology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Republic of Korea (M.-S.O., K.-H.Y., B.-C.L.); Clinical Research Center, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J.S.L.); Department of Biostatistics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J.L.); Department of Translational Science and Molecular Medicine, Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, Grand Rapids (P.B.G.); and Mercy Health Hauenstein Neurosciences, Grand Rapids, MI (P.B.G.); and Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea (B.-W.Y.).
Myung Suk
MS
Jang
From the Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J.-W.C.); Department of Neurology, Cerebrovascular Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea (B.J.K., M.-K.H., M.S.J., H.-J.B.); Department of Neurology, Eulji University Hospital, Eulji University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea (Y.K., S.J.L.); Department of Neurology, Eulji General Hospital, Eulji University, Seoul, Republic of Korea (K.K., J.-M.P.); Department of Neurology, Seoul Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea (S.-S.P., T.H.P.); Department of Neurology, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University, Goyang, Republic of Korea (Y.-J.C., K.-S.H.); Department of Neurology, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea (K.B.L.); Department of Neurology, Yeungnam University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea (J.L.); Department of Neurology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Republic of Korea (W.-S.R., D.-E.K.); Department of Neurology, Dong-A University Hospital, Pusan, Republic of Korea (H.-W.N., D.-H.K., J.-K.C.); Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea (J.-T.K., K.-H.C.); Department of Neurology, Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, Republic of Korea (J.C.C.); Department of Neurology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Republic of Korea (M.-S.O., K.-H.Y., B.-C.L.); Clinical Research Center, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J.S.L.); Department of Biostatistics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J.L.); Department of Translational Science and Molecular Medicine, Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, Grand Rapids (P.B.G.); and Mercy Health Hauenstein Neurosciences, Grand Rapids, MI (P.B.G.); and Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea (B.-W.Y.).
Ji Sung
JS
Lee
From the Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J.-W.C.); Department of Neurology, Cerebrovascular Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea (B.J.K., M.-K.H., M.S.J., H.-J.B.); Department of Neurology, Eulji University Hospital, Eulji University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea (Y.K., S.J.L.); Department of Neurology, Eulji General Hospital, Eulji University, Seoul, Republic of Korea (K.K., J.-M.P.); Department of Neurology, Seoul Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea (S.-S.P., T.H.P.); Department of Neurology, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University, Goyang, Republic of Korea (Y.-J.C., K.-S.H.); Department of Neurology, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea (K.B.L.); Department of Neurology, Yeungnam University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea (J.L.); Department of Neurology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Republic of Korea (W.-S.R., D.-E.K.); Department of Neurology, Dong-A University Hospital, Pusan, Republic of Korea (H.-W.N., D.-H.K., J.-K.C.); Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea (J.-T.K., K.-H.C.); Department of Neurology, Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, Republic of Korea (J.C.C.); Department of Neurology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Republic of Korea (M.-S.O., K.-H.Y., B.-C.L.); Clinical Research Center, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J.S.L.); Department of Biostatistics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J.L.); Department of Translational Science and Molecular Medicine, Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, Grand Rapids (P.B.G.); and Mercy Health Hauenstein Neurosciences, Grand Rapids, MI (P.B.G.); and Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea (B.-W.Y.). jyleeuf@korea.ac.kr braindoc
Juneyoung
J
Lee
From the Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J.-W.C.); Department of Neurology, Cerebrovascular Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea (B.J.K., M.-K.H., M.S.J., H.-J.B.); Department of Neurology, Eulji University Hospital, Eulji University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea (Y.K., S.J.L.); Department of Neurology, Eulji General Hospital, Eulji University, Seoul, Republic of Korea (K.K., J.-M.P.); Department of Neurology, Seoul Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea (S.-S.P., T.H.P.); Department of Neurology, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University, Goyang, Republic of Korea (Y.-J.C., K.-S.H.); Department of Neurology, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea (K.B.L.); Department of Neurology, Yeungnam University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea (J.L.); Department of Neurology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Republic of Korea (W.-S.R., D.-E.K.); Department of Neurology, Dong-A University Hospital, Pusan, Republic of Korea (H.-W.N., D.-H.K., J.-K.C.); Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea (J.-T.K., K.-H.C.); Department of Neurology, Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, Republic of Korea (J.C.C.); Department of Neurology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Republic of Korea (M.-S.O., K.-H.Y., B.-C.L.); Clinical Research Center, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J.S.L.); Department of Biostatistics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J.L.); Department of Translational Science and Molecular Medicine, Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, Grand Rapids (P.B.G.); and Mercy Health Hauenstein Neurosciences, Grand Rapids, MI (P.B.G.); and Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea (B.-W.Y.).
Philip B
PB
Gorelick
From the Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J.-W.C.); Department of Neurology, Cerebrovascular Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea (B.J.K., M.-K.H., M.S.J., H.-J.B.); Department of Neurology, Eulji University Hospital, Eulji University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea (Y.K., S.J.L.); Department of Neurology, Eulji General Hospital, Eulji University, Seoul, Republic of Korea (K.K., J.-M.P.); Department of Neurology, Seoul Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea (S.-S.P., T.H.P.); Department of Neurology, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University, Goyang, Republic of Korea (Y.-J.C., K.-S.H.); Department of Neurology, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea (K.B.L.); Department of Neurology, Yeungnam University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea (J.L.); Department of Neurology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Republic of Korea (W.-S.R., D.-E.K.); Department of Neurology, Dong-A University Hospital, Pusan, Republic of Korea (H.-W.N., D.-H.K., J.-K.C.); Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea (J.-T.K., K.-H.C.); Department of Neurology, Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, Republic of Korea (J.C.C.); Department of Neurology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Republic of Korea (M.-S.O., K.-H.Y., B.-C.L.); Clinical Research Center, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J.S.L.); Department of Biostatistics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J.L.); Department of Translational Science and Molecular Medicine, Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, Grand Rapids (P.B.G.); and Mercy Health Hauenstein Neurosciences, Grand Rapids, MI (P.B.G.); and Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea (B.-W.Y.).
Byung-Woo
BW
Yoon
From the Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J.-W.C.); Department of Neurology, Cerebrovascular Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea (B.J.K., M.-K.H., M.S.J., H.-J.B.); Department of Neurology, Eulji University Hospital, Eulji University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea (Y.K., S.J.L.); Department of Neurology, Eulji General Hospital, Eulji University, Seoul, Republic of Korea (K.K., J.-M.P.); Department of Neurology, Seoul Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea (S.-S.P., T.H.P.); Department of Neurology, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University, Goyang, Republic of Korea (Y.-J.C., K.-S.H.); Department of Neurology, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea (K.B.L.); Department of Neurology, Yeungnam University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea (J.L.); Department of Neurology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Republic of Korea (W.-S.R., D.-E.K.); Department of Neurology, Dong-A University Hospital, Pusan, Republic of Korea (H.-W.N., D.-H.K., J.-K.C.); Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea (J.-T.K., K.-H.C.); Department of Neurology, Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, Republic of Korea (J.C.C.); Department of Neurology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Republic of Korea (M.-S.O., K.-H.Y., B.-C.L.); Clinical Research Center, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J.S.L.); Department of Biostatistics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J.L.); Department of Translational Science and Molecular Medicine, Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, Grand Rapids (P.B.G.); and Mercy Health Hauenstein Neurosciences, Grand Rapids, MI (P.B.G.); and Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea (B.-W.Y.). jyleeuf@korea.ac.kr braindoc
Hee-Joon
HJ
Bae
D061605:Administration, Intravenous; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D019983:Guideline Adherence / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006493:Heparin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010043:Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D012042:Registries / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D056910:Republic of Korea / Q000453:epidemiology; D020521:Stroke / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology
D000925:Anticoagulants; D006493:Heparin
cerebral infarction; guideline adherence; heparin; stroke; trends