NrcR, a New Transcriptional Regulator of Rhizobium tropici CIAT 899 Involved in the Legume Root-Nodule Symbiosis.
The establishment of nitrogen-fixing rhizobium-legume symbioses requires a highly complex cascade of events. In this molecular dialogue the bacterial NodD transcriptional regulators in conjunction with plant inducers, mostly flavonoids, are responsible for the biosynthesis and secretion of Nod factors which are key molecules for successful nodulation. Other transcriptional regulators related to the symbiotic process have been identified in rhizobial genomes, including negative regulators such as NolR. Rhizobium tropici CIAT 899 is an important symbiont of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), and its genome encompasses intriguing features such as five copies of nodD genes, as well as other possible transcriptional regulators including the NolR protein. Here we describe and characterize a new regulatory gene located in the non-symbiotic plasmid pRtrCIAT899c, that shows homology (46% identity) with the nolR gene located in the chromosome of CIAT 899. The mutation of this gene, named nrcR (nolR-like plasmid c Regulator), enhanced motility and exopolysaccharide production in comparison to the wild-type strain. Interestingly, the number and decoration of Nod Factors produced by this mutant were higher than those detected in the wild-type strain, especially under salinity stress. The nrcR mutant showed delayed nodulation and reduced competitiveness with P. vulgaris, and reduction in nodule number and shoot dry weight in both P. vulgaris and Leucaena leucocephala. Moreover, the mutant exhibited reduced capacity to induce the nodC gene in comparison to the wild-type CIAT 899. The finding of a new nod-gene regulator located in a non-symbiotic plasmid may reveal the existence of even more complex mechanisms of regulation of nodulation genes in R. tropici CIAT 899 that may be applicable to other rhizobial species.
Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla. Sevilla, Spain.
Pablo
P
Del Cerro
Embrapa Soja, Cx. Postal 231, 86001-970, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.
Amanda A P
AA
Rolla-Santos
Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla. Sevilla, Spain.
Rocío
R
Valderrama-Fernández
Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla. Sevilla, Spain.
Antonio
A
Gil-Serrano
Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla. Sevilla, Spain.
Ramón A
RA
Bellogín
Embrapa Soja, Cx. Postal 231, 86001-970, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.
Douglas Fabiano
DF
Gomes
Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla. Sevilla, Spain.
Francisco
F
Pérez-Montaño
Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla. Sevilla, Spain.
Manuel
M
Megías
Embrapa Soja, Cx. Postal 231, 86001-970, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.
Mariangela
M
Hungría
Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla. Sevilla, Spain.
Francisco Javier
FJ
Ollero
D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D018441:Biofilms / Q000254:growth & development; D005798:Genes, Bacterial; D009154:Mutation; D009586:Nitrogen Fixation; D027805:Phaseolus / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000502:physiology; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000502:physiology; D010957:Plasmids / Q000235:genetics; D042162:Rhizobium tropici / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology*; D013559:Symbiosis; D015533:Transcriptional Activation
D001426:Bacterial Proteins