Rosemary extract improves cognitive deficits in a rats model of repetitive mild traumatic brain injury associated with reduction of astrocytosis and neuronal degeneration in hippocampus.
In this study, we investigated whether Rosemary extract (RE) improved cognitive deficits in repetitive mild Traumatic brain injury (rmTBI) rats and its potential mechanisms. The present results showed that rmTBI caused cognitive deficits, such as increased latency to find platform and decreased time spent in target quadrant in Morris water maze (MWM). These behavioral alterations were accompanying with the increased neuronal degeneration and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)-positive cells, increased Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, decreased activity of Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), Glutathione Peroxidase (GPx) and Catalase (CAT), elevated protein level of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α in hippocampus. Treatment with RE prevented these changes above. Our findings confirmed the effect of rosemary extract on improvement of cognitive deficits and suggested its mechanisms might be mediated by anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory. Therefore, rosemary extract may be a potential treatment to improve cognitive deficits in rmTBI patients.
Department of Forensic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China; Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, China.
Hai
H
Song
Department of Forensic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China.
Lincheng
L
Xu
Pharmaceutical College, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China.
Rongping
R
Zhang
Basic Medical Experiment Teaching Center, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China.
Zhenzhen
Z
Cao
Department of Forensic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China.
Huan
H
Zhang
Department of Histology and Embryology, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China.
Li
L
Yang
Department of Histology and Embryology, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China.
Zeyun
Z
Guo
Department of Forensic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China.
Yongqiang
Y
Qu
Department of Forensic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China. Electronic address: jianyunyu@sina.com.
Jianyun
J
Yu
D000818:Animals; D000070642:Brain Injuries, Traumatic / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology / Q000523:psychology; D002452:Cell Count; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology / Q000523:psychology; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D005911:Gliosis; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D018782:Maze Learning / Q000187:drug effects; D008569:Memory Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000523:psychology; D009410:Nerve Degeneration / Q000473:pathology; D009474:Neurons / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D027542:Rosmarinus / Q000737:chemistry*; D065853:Spatial Learning / Q000187:drug effects
D016207:Cytokines; D010936:Plant Extracts
Anti-inflammatory; Anti-oxidative; Cognitive deficits; Mild traumatic brain injury; Rosemary extract