Association between late-onset hypogonadism syndrome plus metabolic syndrome and prostate cancer and its aggressiveness.
OBJECTIVE
To assess the relationship between prostate cancer (PC) and the presence of metabolic syndrome and late-onset hypogonadism (LOH) syndrome.


METHODS
A retrospective study was conducted on 686 patients who underwent prostate biopsy. We analysed the demographic variables, clinical data and biopsy results. To diagnose metabolic syndrome, we employed the criteria of the American Heart Association. For the diagnosis of LOH syndrome, we employed the Androgen Deficiency in the Aging Male questionnaire and testosterone levels (TT). We evaluated the relationship between free testosterone (FT) and bioavailable testosterone (BT) on one hand and PC and its aggressiveness on the other, as well as the usefulness of the TT to prostate specific antigen (TT/PSA) ratio in the PC diagnosis.


RESULTS
The patient's median age was 65 years. Metabolic syndrome is not associated with PC (39.4% vs. 35%; P=.1) but is associated with a PC Gleason score >7 (50.4% vs. 29.44%; P=.002). LOH, low FT and low BT are associated with an increased presence of PC (51% vs. 35%, P=.02; 44.86% vs. 33.33%, P=.03; and 46.46% vs. 33.08%, P=.01, respectively) and with an increased probability of a PC Gleason score >7 (61.54% vs. 37.5%, P=.02; 54.17% vs. 34.12%, P=.02; 54.35% vs. 34.48%, P=.02, respectively). Additionally, the median TT/PSA ratio was significantly lower in patients with positive biopsies (P=.022).


CONCLUSIONS
Metabolic syndrome was not associated with the probability of having PC but was associated with a PC Gleason score >7. Moreover, LOH syndrome had a higher percentage of PC and a greater presence of PC Gleason scores >7, as did low levels of FT and low levels of BT.
Servicio de Urología, Hospital Universitario de Marqués de Valdecilla (HUMV), Santander, España.
J
J
Fuentes-Pastor
Servicio de Urología, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias (HUCA), Oviedo, España.
P
P
Pellejero
Departamento de Matemática Aplicada, Universidad de Almería, Almería, España.
I
I
Ortiz
Servicio de Urología, Fundación Instituto Valenciano de Oncología (IVO), Valencia, España. Electronic address: ramirezfivo@gmail.com.
M
M
Ramírez-Backhaus
Servicio de Urología, Fundación Instituto Valenciano de Oncología (IVO), Valencia, España.
A
A
de Gracia
Servicio de Urología, Fundación Instituto Valenciano de Oncología (IVO), Valencia, España.
C
C
Marrugo
Servicio de Urología, Fundación Instituto Valenciano de Oncología (IVO), Valencia, España.
A
A
Gomez-Ferrer
Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, Fundación Instituto Valenciano de Oncología (IVO), Valencia, España.
A
A
Calatrava
Servicio de Urología, Fundación Instituto Valenciano de Oncología (IVO), Valencia, España.
J
J
Rubio-Briones
Departamento de Matemática Aplicada, Universidad de Almería, Almería, España.
C
C
Rodriguez-Torreblanca
Servicio de Urología, Fundación Instituto Valenciano de Oncología (IVO), Valencia, España.
E
E
Solsona-Narbón
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D006801:Humans; D007006:Hypogonadism / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013739:Testosterone / Q000097:blood
D013739:Testosterone
Cáncer de próstata; Late-onset hypogonadism syndrome; Metabolic syndrome; Prostate cancer; Síndrome de hipogonadismo tardío; Síndrome metabólico