The anaerobic linalool metabolism in Thauera linaloolentis 47 Lol.
BACKGROUND
The betaproteobacterium Thauera linaloolentis 47Lol(T) was isolated on the tertiary monoterpene alcohol (R,S)-linalool as sole carbon and energy source under denitrifying conditions. Growth experiments indicated the formation of geraniol and geranial. Thus, a 3,1-hydroxyl-Δ(1)-Δ(2)-mutase (linalool isomerase) activity may initiate the degradation, followed by enzymes of the acyclic terpene utilization (Atu) and leucine/isovalerate utilization (Liu) pathways that were extensively studied in Pseudomonas spp. growing on citronellol or geraniol.


RESULTS
A transposon mutagenesis yielded 39 transconjugants that could not grow anaerobically on linalool and nitrate in liquid medium. The deficiencies were apparently based on gene functions required to overcome the toxicity of linalool, but not due to inactivation of genes in the degradation pathway. Growing cultures formed geraniol and geranial transiently, but also geranic acid. Analysis of expressed proteins detected several enzymes of the Atu and Liu pathways. The draft genome of T. linaloolentis 47Lol(T) had atu and liu genes with homology to those of Pseudomonas spp..


CONCLUSIONS
The in comparison to monoterpenes larger toxicity of monoterpene alcohols is defeated by several modifications of the cellular structure and metabolism in Thauera linaloolentis 47Lol(T). The acyclic terpene utilization pathway is used in T. linaloolentis 47Lol(T) during growth on (R,S)-linalool and nitrate under anoxic conditions. This is the first experimental verification of an active Atu pathway outside of the genus Pseudomonas.
Department of Microbiology, Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Celsiusstr. 1, D-28359, Bremen, Germany.
Robert
R
Marmulla
Department of Microbiology, Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Celsiusstr. 1, D-28359, Bremen, Germany.
Edinson Puentes
EP
Cala
Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute for Pharmacy, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 3, D-17487, Greifswald, Germany.
Stephanie
S
Markert
Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute for Pharmacy, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 3, D-17487, Greifswald, Germany.
Thomas
T
Schweder
Department of Microbiology, Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Celsiusstr. 1, D-28359, Bremen, Germany. jharder@mpi-bremen.de.
Jens
J
Harder
D000080462:Acyclic Monoterpenes; D000693:Anaerobiosis; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D004251:DNA Transposable Elements; D016680:Genome, Bacterial; D039821:Monoterpenes / Q000378:metabolism*; D016254:Mutagenesis, Insertional; D020628:Thauera / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development*
D000080462:Acyclic Monoterpenes; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D004251:DNA Transposable Elements; D039821:Monoterpenes; C018584:linalool
Acyclic terpene utilization; Geraniol; Linalool; Monoterpene