The Translational Proteome Modulated by 20(S)-Protopanaxadiol in Endothelial Cells.
BACKGROUND
20(S)-protopanaxadiol (PPD), a natural compound of dammarane ginsenoside purified from the ginseng plant, exhibits strong anticancer properties. It has also been reported to have strong antioxidant activity and plays a role in cardiovascular protection. However, the downstream signaling mechanism PPD employs is still unclear and requires further elucidation.


METHODS
Endothelial cells (ECs) EAhy 926 were used to investigate the growth promoting effect of PPD. The protein lysates extracted from both mock- and PPD-treated cells were separated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) to monitor protein changes. After image analysis, proteins with significant change in the expression level were further identified by mass spectrometry. Western blot was applied to further confirm the protein variations in the 2-DE assay.


RESULTS
In the current study, we found that treatment with PPD (10 μg/ml) significantly increased ECs healing. The translational proteome was established according to 16 up-regulated and 8 down-regulated proteins identified in 2-DE. These proteins were reported to function as energy homeostasis and in the prevention of oxidative stress. The elevated expressions of heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) and glutathione synthetase (GSS) were further confirmed in the western blot analysis.


CONCLUSIONS
According to the information obtained from translational proteome, we delineated that PPD mediated vascular homeostasis through the up-regulation of anti-oxidative proteins. Additional functional investigations are necessary regarding the HO-1 and GSS proteins.


BACKGROUND
Dammarane sapogenins; Endothelial cell; Glutathione synthetase; Heme oxygenase 1; Proteome; 20(S)-protopanaxadiol.
Division of Family Medicine, Wan Fang Medical Center, Taipei Medical University;
Ying Hua
YH
Shieh
Department of Anesthesiology, Mackay Memorial Hospital;
Chien Chuan
CC
Chen
Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei;
Fu An
FA
Li
Department of Anesthesiology, Mackay Memorial Hospital;
Jen Kun
JK
Cheng
Department of Anesthesiology, Chi Mei Medical Center, Liouying; ; Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Chung Hwa University of Medical Technology, Tainan;
Ming Chung
MC
Lin
Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University; ; Department of Biological Science, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
Bin
B
Huang