The PI3K/AKT pathway in the pathogenesis of prostate cancer.
Despite recent advances in our understanding of the biological behavior of prostate cancer (PCa), PCa is becoming the most common malignancy in men worldwide. The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT pathway has been implicated in prostate carcinogenesis. Inflammatory cytokines (CCR9, IL-6, and TLR3) regulate PI3K/AKT signaling during apoptosis of PCa cells, and PI3K/AKT signaling participates with androgen-, 1alpha,25(OH)2-vitamin D3-, and prostaglandin-associated mechanisms and is regulated by ErbB, EGFR, and the HER family during cell growth. During metastasis of PCa cells, the PI3K/AKT/NF-kappaB/BMP-2-Smad axis, PTEN/PI3K/AKT pathway, and PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling regulates tumor cell metastasis and invasion. The present review focuses on the PI3K/AKT signal pathway and discusses the role of the PI3K/AKT signal pathway in PCa tumorigenesis.
Department of Urology, Shanghai Eastern Hospital, Shanghai, China and Department of Urology, RenJi Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
Huixing
H
Chen
Department of Urology, Shanghai Eastern Hospital, Shanghai, China.
Lan
L
Zhou
Department of Urology, RenJi Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
Xiaorong
X
Wu
Department of Urology, Shanghai Eastern Hospital, Shanghai, China.
Rongbing
R
Li
Department of Urology, Shanghai Eastern Hospital, Shanghai, China.
Jiling
J
Wen
Department of Urology, RenJi Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
Jianjun
J
Sha
Department of Urology, Shanghai Eastern Hospital, Shanghai, China, Wenxiaofei1972@yeah.net.
Xiaofei
X
Wen
D017209:Apoptosis; D063646:Carcinogenesis; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D058539:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase / Q000378:metabolism*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction
D058539:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt