Guanine-Rich Sequences Are a Dominant Feature of Exosomal microRNAs across the Mammalian Species and Cell Types.
Exosome is an extracellular vesicle released from multivesicular endosomes and contains micro (mi) RNAs and functional proteins derived from the donor cells. Exosomal miRNAs act as an effector during communication with appropriate recipient cells, this can aid in the utilization of the exosomes in a drug delivery system for various disorders including malignancies. Differences in the miRNA distribution pattern between exosomes and donor cells indicate the active translocation of miRNAs into the exosome cargos in a miRNA sequence-dependent manner, although the molecular mechanism is little known. In this study, we statistically analyzed the miRNA microarray data and revealed that the guanine (G)-rich sequence is a dominant feature of exosome-dominant miRNAs, across the mammalian species-specificity and the cell types. Our results provide important information regarding the potential use of exosome cargos to develop miRNA-based drugs for the treatment of human diseases.
Department of Immuno-Gene Therapy, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Edobashi, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan.|ERATO Bio-Nanotransporter Project, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Tokyo 102-0076, Japan.
Fumiyasu
F
Momose
Department of Immuno-Gene Therapy, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Edobashi, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan.|ERATO Bio-Nanotransporter Project, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Tokyo 102-0076, Japan.
Naohiro
N
Seo
Department of Immuno-Gene Therapy, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Edobashi, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan.|ERATO Bio-Nanotransporter Project, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Tokyo 102-0076, Japan.
Yasushi
Y
Akahori
Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan.|ERATO Bio-Nanotransporter Project, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Tokyo 102-0076, Japan.
Shin-Ichi
S
Sawada
Department of Immuno-Gene Therapy, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Edobashi, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan.|ERATO Bio-Nanotransporter Project, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Tokyo 102-0076, Japan.
Naozumi
N
Harada
Clinical Research Support Center, Mie University Hospital, Tsu Mie 514-8507, Japan.
Toru
T
Ogura
Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan.|ERATO Bio-Nanotransporter Project, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Tokyo 102-0076, Japan.
Kazunari
K
Akiyoshi
Department of Immuno-Gene Therapy, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Edobashi, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan.|ERATO Bio-Nanotransporter Project, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Tokyo 102-0076, Japan.
Hiroshi
H
Shiku
D000072283:A549 Cells; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D002460:Cell Line; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D055354:Exosomes / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling / Q000379:methods; D006147:Guanine / Q000032:analysis*; D045325:HCT116 Cells; D006801:Humans; D020014:K562 Cells; D008264:Macrophages / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000235:genetics*; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis / Q000379:methods; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000378:metabolism*
D008565:Membrane Proteins; D035683:MicroRNAs; D006147:Guanine