Metabolic syndrome, glucose tolerance categories and the cardiovascular risk in Spanish population.
We examined the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS), glucose tolerance categories and risk factors of cardiovascular-disease (CVD) in the general Spanish population. We studied 3844 randomly sampled subjects (46% males) aged 35-74 years. Glucose tolerance categories were defined according to the 2003 ADA and MetS according to the Harmonized Consensus Criteria with waist circumference (WC) cut-off-points previously reported in Spanish population (≥94.5/≥89.5cm for males/females). The prevalences of normoglycemia (NG), impaired fasting glucose (IFG), impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), IFG and IGT considered together (IFG/IGT), and diabetes mellitus (DM) were 67.6/16.6/5.0/3.3, and 7.5%, respectively. The overall prevalence of MetS was 31.2%. In subjects with NG, IFG, IGT, IFG/IGT, and DM the MetS prevalence's were 16.3/57.1/31.5/66.1, and 74.4% (p<0.001), respectively. MetS was more common in males, older subjects, smokers, and/or individuals with obesity, IFG, IFG/IGT, DM, or insulin resistance (HOMA-IR ≥3.8). MetS was less prevalent in individuals with low alcohol intake and/or high education level. Regarding the risk level of CVD estimated by Framingham and SCORE risk charts, IGT had higher estimated CVD-risk than IFG and IFG/IGT. The presence of MetS increases the risk 4.85 times by Framingham and 2.43 times by SCORE. Prevalence of prediabetes (IFG/IGT) and MetS were 25% and 31.2% respectively. Prevalence of MetS has not changed in the past decade in Spanish females, but has slightly increased in males. We found that subjects with IGT showed a higher risk of CVD than IFG and IFG/IGT according to the Framingham and SCORE. MetS increased the CVD-risk previously estimated by Framingham and SCORE.
Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain. Electronic address: mmlarrad@salud.madrid.org.
María Teresa
MT
Martínez-Larrad
Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain. Electronic address: arturocorbaton@yahoo.es.
Arturo
A
Corbatón-Anchuelo
Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain. Electronic address: cfernandez.hcsc@salud.madrid.org.
Cristina
C
Fernández-Pérez
Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain. Electronic address: yera.lazcano@salud.madrid.org.
Yera
Y
Lazcano-Redondo
Departmento de Endocrinología, Hospital Universitario San Cecilio, Granada, Spain. Electronic address: escobar@ugr.es.
Fernando
F
Escobar-Jiménez
Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain. Electronic address: mserrano.hcsc@salud.madrid.org.
Manuel
M
Serrano-Ríos
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D018149:Glucose Intolerance / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications; D011236:Prediabetic State / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D013030:Spain / Q000453:epidemiology; D055105:Waist Circumference
D001786:Blood Glucose
Cardiovascular risk factors; Impaired glucose tolerance; Metabolic syndrome