Hyperforin-loaded gold nanoparticle alleviates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by suppressing Th1 and Th17 cells and upregulating regulatory T cells.
Hyperforin an herbal compound, is commonly used in traditional medicine due to its anti-inflammatory activities. The aim of this study was to use a hyperforin loaded gold nanoparticle (Hyp-GNP) in the treatment of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) an animal model of multiple sclerosis (MS). Hyp-GNP and hyperforin significantly reduced clinical severity of EAE, which was accompanied by a decrease in the number of inflammatory cell infiltration in the spinal cord. Additionally, treatment with Hyp-GNP significantly inhibited disease-associated cytokines as well as an increase in the anti-inflammatory cytokines in comparison to all groups including the free-hyp group. Furthermore, hyperforin and Hyp-GNP inhibited the differentiation of Th1 and Th17 cells while promoting Treg and Th2 cell differentiation via regulating their master transcription factors. The current study demonstrated the although, free-hyp improved clinical and laboratory data Hyp-GNP is significantly more efficient than free hyperforin in the treatment of EAE.
Immunology of Infectious Diseases Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.
Reza
R
Nosratabadi
Immunology Research Center, BuAli Research Institute, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. Electronic address: rastinm@mums.ac.ir.
Maryam
M
Rastin
Immunology Research Center, BuAli Research Institute, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
Mojtaba
M
Sankian
Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran.
Dariush
D
Haghmorad
Immunology Research Center, BuAli Research Institute, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. Electronic address: mahmoudim@mums.ac.ir.
Mahmoud
M
Mahmoudi
D000818:Animals; D004681:Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006046:Gold / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D053758:Nanoparticles; D010696:Phloroglucinol / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D050378:T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory; D013729:Terpenes / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018417:Th1 Cells; D058504:Th17 Cells
D013729:Terpenes; D006046:Gold; D010696:Phloroglucinol; C001654:hyperforin
Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE); Gold nanoparticle; Hyperforin; Multiple sclerosis; Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)