External Application of Apo-9'-fucoxanthinone, Isolated from Sargassum muticum, Suppresses Inflammatory Responses in a Mouse Model of Atopic Dermatitis.
Allergic skin inflammation such as atopic dermatitis is characterized by skin barrier dysfunction, edema, and infiltration with various inflammatory cells. The anti-inflammatory effects of Apo-9'-fucoxanthinone, isolated from Sargassum muticum, have been described in many diseases, but the mechanism by which it modulates the immune system is poorly understood. In this study, the ability of Apo-9'-fucoxanthinone to suppress allergic reactions was investigated using a mouse model of atopic dermatitis. The Apo-9'-fucoxanthinone-treated group showed significantly decreased immunoglobulin E in serum. Also, Apo-9'-fucoxanthinone treatment resulted in a smaller lymph node size with reduced the thickness and length compared to the induction group. In addition, Apo-9'-fucoxanthinone inhibited the expression of interleukin-4, interferon-gamma and tumor necrosis factor-alpha by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate and ionomycin-stimulated lymphocytes. These results suggest that Apo-9'-fucoxanthinone may be a useful therapeutic strategy for treating chronic inflammatory diseases.
Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju, Korea.
Sang-Chul
SC
Han
Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju, Korea.
Na-Jin
NJ
Kang
Jeju Biodiversity Research Institute (JBRI), Jeju Technopark (JTP), Jeju, Korea.
Weon-Jong
WJ
Yoon
Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju, Korea.
Sejin
S
Kim
Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju, Korea.
Min-Chull
MC
Na
Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju, Korea.
Young-Sang
YS
Koh
Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju, Korea.
Jin-Won
JW
Hyun
Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Science, Jeju National University, Jeju, Korea.
Nam-Ho
NH
Lee
Jeju Biodiversity Research Institute (JBRI), Jeju Technopark (JTP), Jeju, Korea.
Mi-Hee
MH
Ko
Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju, Korea.
Hee-Kyoung
HK
Kang
Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju, Korea.
Eun-Sook
ES
Yoo
2, 4-Dinitrochlorobenzene; Apo-9′-fucoxanthinone; Atopic dermatitis; Immunoglobulin E; Ionomycin; Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate