Simultaneous determination of three organophosphorus pesticides in different food commodities by gas chromatography with mass spectrometry.
A sensitive and selective gas chromatography with mass spectrometry method was developed for the simultaneous determination of three organophosphorus pesticides, namely, chlorpyrifos, malathion, and diazinon in three different food commodities (milk, apples, and drinking water) employing solid-phase extraction for sample pretreatment. Pesticide extraction from different sample matrices was carried out on Chromabond C18 cartridges using 3.0 mL of methanol and 3.0 mL of a mixture of dichloromethane/acetonitrile (1:1 v/v) as the eluting solvent. Analysis was carried out by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry using selected-ion monitoring mode. Good linear relationships were obtained in the range of 0.1-50 μg/L for chlorpyrifos, and 0.05-50 μg/L for both malathion and diazinon pesticides. Good repeatability and recoveries were obtained in the range of 78.54-86.73% for three pesticides under the optimized experimental conditions. The limit of detection ranged from 0.02 to 0.03 μg/L, and the limit of quantification ranged from 0.05 to 0.1 μg/L for all three pesticides. Finally, the developed method was successfully applied for the determination of three targeted pesticides in milk, apples, and drinking water samples each in triplicate. No pesticide was found in apple and milk samples, but chlorpyrifos was found in one drinking water sample below the quantification level.
Centre for Environmental Sustainability and Water Security (IPASA), Research Institute for Sustainable Environment, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia.|Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia.
Ambavaram
A
Vijaya Bhaskar Reddy
Centre for Environmental Sustainability and Water Security (IPASA), Research Institute for Sustainable Environment, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia.
Zulkifli
Z
Yusop
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia.
Jafariah
J
Jaafar
Centre for Environmental Sustainability and Water Security (IPASA), Research Institute for Sustainable Environment, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia.|Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia.
Azmi
A
Bin Aris
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia.
Zaiton
Z
Abdul Majid
Centre for Environmental Sustainability and Water Security (IPASA), Research Institute for Sustainable Environment, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia.|Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia.
Khalid
K
Umar
Centre for Environmental Sustainability and Water Security (IPASA), Research Institute for Sustainable Environment, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia.|Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia.
Juhaizah
J
Talib
D000818:Animals; D060766:Drinking Water / Q000032:analysis; D005504:Food Analysis; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis*; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D027845:Malus / Q000737:chemistry; D008892:Milk / Q000737:chemistry; D009943:Organophosphorus Compounds / Q000032:analysis*; D010575:Pesticides / Q000032:analysis*; D052616:Solid Phase Extraction
D060766:Drinking Water; D009943:Organophosphorus Compounds; D010575:Pesticides
Dairy products; Method validation; Pesticides; Solid-phase extraction