Seasonal variation of pheophorbide a and flavonoid in different organs of two Carpinus species and its correlation with immunosuppressive activity.
The genus Carpinus of Betulaceae is the most widely distributed in the European landscape. This study reports a comparative study based on the pheophorbide a and flavonoid content from the two main species of the genus Carpinus, Carpinus betulus and Carpinus turczaninowii, respectively, in Nanjing, China. The pheophorbide a and flavonoid content depends on the organ, species, and season. HPLC analysis showed that the pheophorbide a and flavonoid levels were the highest in May and June, respectively, from the leaves of C. betulus 'Fastigiata.' In contrast, the content of pheophorbide a and flavonoid in the stems of C. betulus 'Fastigiata' or in other species was low. The immunosuppressive effects of the ethyl acetate extracts and methanol extracts from the two Carpinus species were also evaluated. The ethyl acetate extracts of C. betulus 'Fastigiata' in May and the methanol extracts of C. betulus 'Fastigiata' in June showed better immunosuppressive activity than in other seasons, which coincided with the content of pheophorbide a and flavonoid, respectively. Our findings indicated that C. betulus 'Fastigiata' can serve as a medicinal plant against inflammation because of its pheophorbide a and flavonoid content.
College of Landscape Architecture, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China.
Qianqian
Q
Sheng
College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China.
Xianying
X
Fang
College of Landscape Architecture, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China. zhuzunling@aliyun.com.|College of Art & Design, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China. zhuzunling@aliyun.com.
Zunling
Z
Zhu
Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Lianyungang, 222001, China. xw@kanion.com.
Wei
W
Xiao
Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Lianyungang, 222001, China.
Zhenzhong
Z
Wang
Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Lianyungang, 222001, China.
Gang
G
Ding
College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China.
Linguo
L
Zhao
College of Landscape Architecture, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China.
Yujian
Y
Li
College of Landscape Architecture, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China.
Ping
P
Yu
College of Landscape Architecture, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China.
Zhibin
Z
Ding
College of Landscape Architecture, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China.
Qinru
Q
Sun
D000818:Animals; D029401:Betulaceae / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival; D002681:China; D002734:Chlorophyll / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D012621:Seasons; D013045:Species Specificity; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects*
D005419:Flavonoids; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D010936:Plant Extracts; D002734:Chlorophyll; C032623:pheophorbide a
Carpinus; Flavonoid; Immunosuppressive; Pheophorbide a