Enhanced Anti-Inflammatory Activities by the Combination of Luteolin and Tangeretin.
Dietary components in combination may act synergistically and produce enhanced biological activities. Herein, we investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of 2 flavonoids, that is luteolin (LUT) and tangeretin (TAN) in combination. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages were treated with noncytotoxic concentrations of LUT, TAN, and their combinations. The results showed that LUT/TAN in combination produced synergistic inhibitory effects on LPS-stimulated production of nitric oxide (NO). ELISA results demonstrated that LUT/TAN in combination caused stronger suppression on the LPS-induced overexpression of proinflammatory mediators, such as prostaglandin E2 (PGE2 ), interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6 than LUT or TAN alone. Immunoblotting and Real-Time PCR analyses showed that LUT/TAN combination significantly decreased LPS-induced protein and mRNA expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2. These inhibitory effects of the combination treatment were stronger than those produced by LUT or TAN alone. Overall, our results demonstrated for the first time that combination of LUT and TAN produced synergistic anti-inflammatory effects in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages.
Dept. of Food Science, Univ. of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Mass, U.S.A.|Dept. of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum-Univ, di Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
Antonietta
A
Funaro
Dept. of Food Science, Univ. of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Mass, U.S.A.
Xian
X
Wu
Dept. of Food Science, Univ. of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Mass, U.S.A.
Mingyue
M
Song
Dept. of Food Science, Univ. of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Mass, U.S.A.|Inst. of Agro-Products Processing Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China.
Jinkai
J
Zheng
Dept. of Food Science, Univ. of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Mass, U.S.A.|Dept. of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Business, Univ. of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong, P. R. China.
Shanshan
S
Guo
Dept. of Food Science, Univ. of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Mass, U.S.A.
Kanyasiri
K
Rakariyatham
Dept. of Food Science, Univ. of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Mass, U.S.A.|Dept. of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum-Univ, di Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
Maria Teresa
MT
Rodriguez-Estrada
Dept. of Food Science, Univ. of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Mass, U.S.A.|College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural Univ, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China.
Hang
H
Xiao
D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015232:Dinoprostone / Q000096:biosynthesis; D004357:Drug Synergism; D047309:Flavones / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007249:Inflammation / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism*; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism*; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000378:metabolism; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D047311:Luteolin / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000067996:RAW 264.7 Cells; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism
D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D047309:Flavones; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D015850:Interleukin-6; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D016328:NF-kappa B; D010936:Plant Extracts; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; C496317:Nos2 protein, mouse; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; C059006:tangeretin; D015232:Dinoprostone; D047311:Luteolin
COX-2; iNOS; inflammation; luteolin; nitric oxide; synergy; tangeretin