Vibrio cholerae non-O1 bacteraemia: description of three cases in the Netherlands and a literature review.
Vibrio cholerae non-O1 serogroup (VCNO) bacteraemia is a severe condition with a high case-fatality rate. We report three cases diagnosed in the Netherlands, identified during a national microbiological congress, and provide a literature review on VCNO bacteraemia. A search strategy including synonyms for 'VCNO' and 'bacteraemia' was applied to PubMed, Medline, Web of Science and Embase databases. The three cases were reported in elderly male patients after fish consumption and/or surface water contact. The literature search yielded 82 case reports on 90 cases and six case series. Thirty case reports were from Asia (30/90; 33%), concerned males (67/90; 74%), and around one third (38/90; 42%) involved a history of alcohol abuse and/or liver cirrhosis The presenting symptom often was gastroenteritis (47/90; 52%) which occurred after seafood consumption in 32% of the cases (15/47).Aside from the most frequent symptom being fever, results of case series concurred with these findings. Published cases also included rare presentations e.g. endophthalmitis and neonatal meningitis. Based on the limited data available, cephalosporins seemed the most effective treatment. Although mainly reported in Asia, VCNO bacteraemia occurs worldwide. While some risk factors for VCNO were identified in this study, the source of infection remains often unclear. Clinical presentation may vary greatly and therefore a quick microbiological diagnosis is indispensable.
Medical Microbiology Department, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands.
Madelon F
MF
Engel
Mariette A
MA
Muijsken
Esther
E
Mooi-Kokenberg
Ed J
EJ
Kuijper
David J
DJ
van Westerloo
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016470:Bacteremia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005759:Gastroenteritis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D038622:Internationality; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009426:Netherlands; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D017678:Sex Distribution; D013045:Species Specificity; D044163:Vibrio cholerae non-O1 / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D055815:Young Adult