Increase of rutin antioxidant activity by generating Maillard reaction products with lysine.
Rutin exists in medicinal herbs, fruits, vegetables, and a number of plant-derived sources. Dietary sources containing rutin are considered beneficial because of their potential protective roles in multiple diseases related to oxidative stresses. In the present study, the change and antioxidation activity of rutin in Maillard reaction with lysine through a heating process were investigated. There is release of glucose and rhamnose that interact with lysine to give Maillard reaction products (MRPs), while rutin is converted to less-polar quercetin and a small quantity of isoquercitrin. Because of their high cell-membrane permeability, the rutin-lysine MRPs increase the free radical-scavenging activity in HepG2 cells, showing cellular antioxidant activity against Cu(2+)-induced oxidative stress higher than that of rutin. Furthermore, the MRPs significantly increased the Cu/Zn SOD (superoxide dismutase) activity and Cu/Zn SOD gene expression of HepG2 cells, consequently enhancing antioxidation activity.
College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Engineering, Xiangtan 411104, China.
Ru
R
Zhang
College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Engineering, Xiangtan 411104, China. Electronic address: blzhang369@163.com.
Bian-Ling
BL
Zhang
College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Engineering, Xiangtan 411104, China.
Ting
T
He
College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Engineering, Xiangtan 411104, China.
Ting
T
Yi
College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Engineering, Xiangtan 411104, China.
Ji-Ping
JP
Yang
College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Engineering, Xiangtan 411104, China.
Bin
B
He
D000975:Antioxidants / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002463:Cell Membrane Permeability / Q000187:drug effects; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D056945:Hep G2 Cells; D006801:Humans; D008239:Lysine / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015416:Maillard Reaction; D015394:Molecular Structure; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D012431:Rutin / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism
D000975:Antioxidants; D012431:Rutin; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D008239:Lysine
Antioxidant; Lysine; Maillard reaction; Reactive oxygen species; Rutin