Toxicity of Insecticides on Various Life Stages of Two Tortricid Pests of Cranberries and on a Non-Target Predator.
Laboratory and extended laboratory bioassays were conducted to determine the residual toxicities of various insecticides against two key pests of cranberries, Sparganothis sulfureana and Choristoneura parallela (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), and their non-target effects on the predatory Orius insidiosus (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae). The effects of nine insecticides with different modes of action on S. sulfureana and Ch. parallela eggs, larvae, and adults were tested in the laboratory, while the efficacy of a post-bloom application on larval mortality and mass of these pests and on adult O. insidiosus was evaluated in extended laboratory experiments. The organophosphate chlorpyrifos and the spinosyn spinetoram provided long-lasting (seven-day) control against all stages of both pests. The growth regulator methoxyfenozide and the diamides chlorantraniliprole and cyantraniliprole had strong (1-7 days) larvicidal, particularly on young larvae, and growth inhibitory activity, but only the diamides were adulticidal. Among neonicotinoids, acetamiprid had stronger ovicidal and adulticidal activity than thiamethoxam, showing within-insecticide class differences in toxicities; however, both were weak on larvae. Lethality of novaluron and indoxacarb was inconsistent, varying depending on species and stage. Chlorpyrifos was most toxic to O. insidiosus. These results show species- and stage-specific toxicities, and greater compatibility with biological control, of the newer reduced-risk classes of insecticides than older chemistries.
P.E. Marucci Center for Blueberry &amp; Cranberry Research &amp; Extension, Rutgers University, 125A Lake Oswego Rd., Chatsworth, NJ 08019, USA. crodriguez@aesop.rutgers.edu.
Cesar
C
Rodriguez-Saona
Departamento de Protección de Cultivos, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agrónoma, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Avenida Complutense s/n, Madrid 28040, Spain. ancawa@gmail.com.
Andrea Carolina
AC
Wanumen
Departmento de Entomologia, Universidade Federal de Lavras, PO Box 3037, CEP 37200-000 Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil. jordanosalamanca@gmail.com.
Jordano
J
Salamanca
P.E. Marucci Center for Blueberry &amp; Cranberry Research &amp; Extension, Rutgers University, 125A Lake Oswego Rd., Chatsworth, NJ 08019, USA. rholdcra@rci.Rutgers.edu.
Robert
R
Holdcraft
P.E. Marucci Center for Blueberry &amp; Cranberry Research &amp; Extension, Rutgers University, 125A Lake Oswego Rd., Chatsworth, NJ 08019, USA. vera_k_roth@yahoo.com.
Vera
V
Kyryczenko-Roth
Choristoneura parallela; IPM; Orius insidiosus; Sparganothis sulfureana; conservation biological control; reduced-risk insecticides