Nanostructured photoelectrochemical solar cell for nitrogen reduction using plasmon-enhanced black silicon.
Ammonia (NH3) is one of the most widely produced chemicals worldwide. It has application in the production of many important chemicals, particularly fertilizers. It is also, potentially, an important energy storage intermediate and clean energy carrier. Ammonia production, however, mostly uses fossil fuels and currently accounts for more than 1.6% of global CO2 emissions (0.57  Gt in 2015). Here we describe a solar-driven nanostructured photoelectrochemical cell based on plasmon-enhanced black silicon for the conversion of atmospheric N2 to ammonia producing yields of 13.3 mg m(-2) h(-1) under 2 suns illumination. The yield increases with pressure; the highest observed in this work was 60 mg m(-2) h(-1) at 7 atm. In the presence of sulfite as a reactant, the process also offers a direct solar energy route to ammonium sulfate, a fertilizer of economic importance. Although the yields are currently not sufficient for practical application, there is much scope for improvement in the active materials in this cell.
School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia.
Muataz
M
Ali
School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia.
Fengling
F
Zhou
School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia.
Kun
K
Chen
School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia.
Christopher
C
Kotzur
School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia.
Changlong
C
Xiao
Monash Centre for Electron Microscopy, Department of Materials Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia.
Laure
L
Bourgeois
School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia.
Xinyi
http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4695-3731
X
Zhang
School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia.
Douglas R
DR
MacFarlane