Social capital and physical activity among Croatian high school students.
OBJECTIVE
To examine factors associated with regular physical activity in Croatian adolescents.


METHODS
A cross-sectional survey among high school students was carried out in the 2013/14 school year.


METHODS
A survey was conducted among 33 high schools in Zagreb City, Croatia. Participants were students aged 17-18 years. The dependent variables were regular moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and overall physical activity measured by the short version of International Physical Activity Questionnaire and defined as 60 min or more of daily physical activity. The independent variables included family, neighborhood, and high school social capital. Other study covariates included: socio-economic status, self-rated health, psychological distress and nutritional status. The associations between physical activity and social capital variables were assessed separately for boys and girls through multiple logistic regression and inverse probability weighting in order to correct for missing data bias.


RESULTS
A total of 1689 boys and 1739 girls responded to the survey. A higher percentage of boys reported performing regular vigorous and moderate physical activity (59.4%) and overall physical activity (83.4%), comparing with the girls (35.4% and 70%, respectively). For boys, high family social capital and high informal social control were associated with increased odds of regular MVPA (1.49, 95%CI: 1.18 - 1.90 and 1.26, 95%CI: 1.02 - 1.56, respectively), compared to those with low social capital. For girls, high informal social control was associated with regular overall physical activity (OR 1.38, 95% CI: 1.09 - 1.76).


CONCLUSIONS
High social capital is associated with regular MVPA in boys and regular overall activity in girls. Intervention and policies that leverage community social capital might serve as an avenue for promotion of physical activity in youth.
Department of General and Applied Kinesiology, University of Zagreb Faculty of Kinesiology, Zagreb, Croatia; Harvard University, Harvard School of Public Health, Takemi Program in International Health, Boston, United States. Electronic address: dario.novak@kif.hr.
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Novak
Harvard University, Harvard School of Public Health, Takemi Program in International Health, Boston, United States; Epidemiology and Health Services Research Unit, Mexican Institute of Social Security, Mexico City, Mexico.
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Doubova
Department of Social and Behvioral Sciences, Harvard University, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, United States.
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Kawachi
D000293:Adolescent; D017523:Croatia; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D015444:Exercise; D005190:Family; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012111:Residence Characteristics; D012574:Schools; D066270:Social Capital; D013334:Students / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*
High school students; Physical activity; Social capital