Advanced High-Voltage Aqueous Lithium-Ion Battery Enabled by "Water-in-Bisalt" Electrolyte.
A new super-concentrated aqueous electrolyte is proposed by introducing a second lithium salt. The resultant ultra-high concentration of 28 m led to more effective formation of a protective interphase on the anode along with further suppression of water activities at both anode and cathode surfaces. The improved electrochemical stability allows the use of TiO2 as the anode material, and a 2.5 V aqueous Li-ion cell based on LiMn2 O4 and carbon-coated TiO2 delivered the unprecedented energy density of 100 Wh kg(-1) for rechargeable aqueous Li-ion cells, along with excellent cycling stability and high coulombic efficiency. It has been demonstrated that the introduction of a second salts into the "water-in-salt" electrolyte further pushed the energy densities of aqueous Li-ion cells closer to those of the state-of-the-art Li-ion batteries.
Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20740, USA.
Liumin
L
Suo
Electrochemistry Branch, Sensor and Electron Devices Directorate, Power and Energy Division U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, 20783, USA.
Oleg
O
Borodin
Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20740, USA.
Wei
W
Sun
Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20740, USA.
Xiulin
X
Fan
Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20740, USA.
Chongyin
C
Yang
Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20740, USA.
Fei
F
Wang
Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20740, USA.
Tao
T
Gao
Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20740, USA.
Zhaohui
Z
Ma
Electrochemistry Branch, Sensor and Electron Devices Directorate, Power and Energy Division U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, 20783, USA.
Marshall
M
Schroeder
Electrochemistry Branch, Sensor and Electron Devices Directorate, Power and Energy Division U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, 20783, USA.
Arthur
A
von Cresce
Electrochemistry Branch, Sensor and Electron Devices Directorate, Power and Energy Division U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, 20783, USA.
Selena M
SM
Russell
IC energigune, Alava Technology Park, Albert Einstein, CMIÑANO Álava, Spain.
Michel
M
Armand
School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Temp, AZ, 85287, USA.
Austen
A
Angell
Electrochemistry Branch, Sensor and Electron Devices Directorate, Power and Energy Division U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, 20783, USA. conrad.k.xu.civ@mail.mil.
Kang
K
Xu
Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20740, USA. cswang@umd.edu.
Chunsheng
C
Wang
anatase TiO2; aqueous batteries; electrolyte; lithium-ion batteries; water-in-bisalt