Characterization of bimetallic Fe/Pd nanoparticles by grape leaf aqueous extract and identification of active biomolecules involved in the synthesis.
This paper reports the detailed composition and morphology of one-step green synthesized bimetallic Fe/Pd nanoparticles (NPs) using grape leaf aqueous extract and identification of active biomolecules involved in the synthesis employing various techniques. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) revealed that Fe/Pd NPs were polydispersed and quasi-spherical with a diameter ranging from 2 to 20nm. X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) and Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS) provided evidence for the composition of Fe and Pd and for their species existing on the surface of Fe/Pd NPs. In addition, biomolecules in the grape leaf aqueous extract were identified but their functions are still unclear. Biomolecules in the aqueous extract such as methoxy-phenyl-oxime, N-benzoyl-2-cyano-histamine, 2-ethyl-phenol, 1,2-benzenediol, β-hydroxyquebracamine, hydroquinone, 2-methoxy-4-vinylphenol, 5-methyl-2-furancarboxaldehyde, 4-(3-hydroxybutyl)-3,5,5-trimethyl-2-cyclohexen and some polyphenolic compounds were identified as reducing and capping agents, which were studied by Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS), XPS and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). Our finding suggests a new insight into cost-effective, simple, and environmentally benign production of bimetallic Fe/Pd NPs.
Global Centre for Environmental Remediation, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
Fang
F
Luo
Global Centre for Environmental Remediation, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
Die
D
Yang
Global Centre for Environmental Remediation, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia. Electronic address: Zuliang.chen@newcastle.edu.au.
Zuliang
Z
Chen
Global Centre for Environmental Remediation, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
Mallavarapu
M
Megharaj
Global Centre for Environmental Remediation, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
Ravi
R
Naidu
D007501:Iron / Q000737:chemistry; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D008956:Models, Chemical; D010165:Palladium / Q000737:chemistry; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry; D027843:Vitis / Q000737:chemistry
D010936:Plant Extracts; D010165:Palladium; D007501:Iron
Bimetallic Fe/Pd nanoparticles; Grape leaf aqueous extract; Green synthesized