Whole-exome sequencing identifies a potential TTN mutation in a multiplex family with inguinal hernia.
Inguinal hernia repair is one of the most common procedures in general surgery. Males are seven times more likely than females to develop a hernia and have a 27 % lifetime 'risk' of inguinal hernia repair. Several studies have demonstrated that a positive family history is an important risk factor for the development of primary inguinal hernia, which indicates that genetic factors may play important roles in the etiology of the disease. So far, the contribution of genetic factors and underlying mechanisms for inguinal hernia remain largely unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate a multiplex Estonian family with inguinal hernia across four generations.



The whole-exome sequencing was carried out in three affected family members and subsequent mutation screening using Sanger sequencing was performed in ten family members (six affected and four unaffected).



Whole-exome sequencing in three affected family members revealed a heterozygous missense mutation c.88880A>C (p.Lys29627Thr; RefSeq NM_001256850.1) in the highly conserved myosin-binding A-band of the TTN gene. Sanger sequencing demonstrated that this mutation cosegregated with the disease in this family and was not present in ethnically matched control subjects.



We report that missense variant in the A-band of TTN is the strongest candidate mutation for autosomal-dominant inguinal hernia with incomplete penetrance.
Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, 23b Riia Street, 51010, Tartu, Estonia. evelin.mihailov@ut.ee.
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Mihailov
Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, 23b Riia Street, 51010, Tartu, Estonia.
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Nikopensius
Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, 23b Riia Street, 51010, Tartu, Estonia.
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Reigo
Surgery Clinic, Tartu University Hospital, 8 Puusepa Street, 51014, Tartu, Estonia.
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Nikkolo
Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, 23b Riia Street, 51010, Tartu, Estonia.
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Kals
Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, 23 Riia Street, 51010, Tartu, Estonia.
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Aruaas
Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, 23b Riia Street, 51010, Tartu, Estonia.
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Milani
Surgery Clinic, Tartu University Hospital, 8 Puusepa Street, 51014, Tartu, Estonia.
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Seepter
Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, 23b Riia Street, 51010, Tartu, Estonia.|Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, 23 Riia Street, 51010, Tartu, Estonia.
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Metspalu
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D064211:Connectin / Q000235:genetics*; D059472:Exome; D005260:Female; D008040:Genetic Linkage; D055106:Genome-Wide Association Study; D006552:Hernia, Inguinal / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020125:Mutation, Missense; D010375:Pedigree; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA
D064211:Connectin; C577285:TTN protein, human
Genetics; Inguinal hernia; Titin; Whole-exome sequencing