Injury to the nervous system: A look into the ER.
Injury to the central or peripheral nervous systems leads to the loss of cognitive and/or sensorimotor capabilities that still lack an effective treatment. Although injury to the nervous system involves multiple and complex molecular factors, alteration to protein homeostasis is emerging as a relevant pathological mechanism. In particular, chronic endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is proposed as a possible driver of neuronal dysfunction in conditions such as spinal cord injury, stroke and damage to peripheral nerves. Importantly, manipulation of the unfolded protein response (UPR), a homeostatic pathway engaged by ER stress, has proved effective in improving cognitive and motor recovery after nervous system injury. Here we provide an overview on recent findings depicting a functional role of the UPR to the functional recovery after injury in the peripheral and central nervous systems. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled SI:ER stress.
Geroscience Center for Brain Health and Metabolism, Santiago, Chile; Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Center for Molecular Studies of the Cell, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.
Vicente
V
Valenzuela
Geroscience Center for Brain Health and Metabolism, Santiago, Chile; Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Center for Molecular Studies of the Cell, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; Center for Integrative Biology, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile; Millennium Nucleus for Regenerative Biology, Faculty of Biology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
Maritza
M
Oñate
Geroscience Center for Brain Health and Metabolism, Santiago, Chile; Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Center for Molecular Studies of the Cell, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston MA, USA; Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA 94945, USA. Electronic address: chetz@med.uchile.cl.
Claudio
C
Hetz
Geroscience Center for Brain Health and Metabolism, Santiago, Chile; Center for Integrative Biology, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile; Millennium Nucleus for Regenerative Biology, Faculty of Biology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile. Electronic address: felipe.court@umayor.cl.
Felipe A
FA
Court
D000818:Animals; D004721:Endoplasmic Reticulum / Q000378:metabolism*; D059865:Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D009422:Nervous System Diseases / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D056811:Unfolded Protein Response
Brain injury; ER stress; Peripheral nerve injury; Spinal cord injury; Unfolded protein response