Insights on adaptive and innate immunity in canine leishmaniosis.
Canine leishmaniosis (CanL) is caused by the parasite Leishmania infantum and is a systemic disease, which can present with variable clinical signs, and clinicopathological abnormalities. Clinical manifestations can range from subclinical infection to very severe systemic disease. Leishmaniosis is categorized as a neglected tropical disease and the complex immune responses associated with Leishmania species makes therapeutic treatments and vaccine development challenging for both dogs and humans. In this review, we summarize innate and adaptive immune responses associated with L. infantum infection in dogs, and we discuss the problems associated with the disease as well as potential solutions and the future direction of required research to help control the parasite.
Department of Pathology and Pathogen Biology,Royal Veterinary College,University of London,Hawkshead Lane,North Mymms,AL9 7TA,UK.
Shazia
S
Hosein
Department of Pathology and Pathogen Biology,Royal Veterinary College,University of London,Hawkshead Lane,North Mymms,AL9 7TA,UK.
Damer P
DP
Blake
Department de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals,Facultat de Veterinària,Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona,08193 Cerdanyola del Valles,Barcelona,Spain.
Laia
L
Solano-Gallego
D056704:Adaptive Immunity; D000818:Animals; D016207:Cytokines / Q000276:immunology; D019468:Disease Management; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000276:immunology* / Q000469:parasitology / Q000517:prevention & control; D004285:Dogs; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D018314:Leishmania infantum / Q000276:immunology / Q000302:isolation & purification; D007896:Leishmaniasis / Q000276:immunology / Q000469:parasitology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000662:veterinary*; D007898:Leishmaniasis, Visceral / Q000276:immunology / Q000469:parasitology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000662:veterinary*; D058069:Neglected Diseases / Q000276:immunology / Q000469:parasitology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000662:veterinary; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors / Q000276:immunology; D014611:Vaccination
D016207:Cytokines; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors
Canine leishmaniosis; T-cell mediated immunity; cytokine profiles; immunology; toll-like receptors