Spatio-temporal distribution, source, and genotoxic potential of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in estuarine and riverine sediments from southern India.
In order to categorize the distribution, source, and effects of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in aquatic systems of southern India, chemical and toxicological analyses were performed on surface and core sediments, collected from Adyar river, Cooum river, Ennore estuary, and Pulicat lake near Chennai city. The total PAH concentration in surface sediment ranged from 13 to 31,425ng/g with a mean value of 4320ng/g; the concentration was markedly higher in Cooum river compared to that at other sites. The historical PAH dissemination in core samples in the Cooum river, Ennore estuary, and Pulicat lake ranged from 30 to 31,425ng/g, from 8.6 to 910ng/g, and from 62 to 546ng/g, respectively. Surface sediments were predominantly contaminated with low molecular weight (LMW) PAHs. Historical profiles suggest that PAH contamination in the area is now greater than it had been in the past. PAH accumulation in Pulicat lake was distinct from that at other locations where high molecular weight (HMW) PAHs were predominant. DNA damage in HepG2 cells treated with sediment extracts from different locations showed a good correlation with their respective total PAH levels. Statistical analysis revealed that 3-ring and 4-ring PAHs may synergistically contribute to the genotoxic potency compared to others in sediments. The study also showed that a majority of PAHs in the study area indicated a petrogenic origin. Based on the enrichment and toxicological assessment of PAHs in sediments, Cooum river was shown to suffer the highest biological impairment among the studied water bodies.
Pathology and Pathophysiology Research Division, National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 3-1-5 Kannondai, Tsukuba 305-0856, Japan; Unit of Aquaculture & Cryobiology, Department of Zoology, University of Madras, Chennai 600025, India.
Prasun
P
Goswami
Faculty of Agriculture, Meijo University, 1-501 Shiogamaguchi, Nagoya 468-8502, Japan.
Takeshi
T
Ohura
Pathology and Pathophysiology Research Division, National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 3-1-5 Kannondai, Tsukuba 305-0856, Japan. Electronic address: guruge@affrc.go.jp.
Keerthi S
KS
Guruge
Pathology and Pathophysiology Research Division, National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 3-1-5 Kannondai, Tsukuba 305-0856, Japan.
Miyako
M
Yoshioka
Pathology and Pathophysiology Research Division, National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 3-1-5 Kannondai, Tsukuba 305-0856, Japan.
Noriko
N
Yamanaka
Bacterial and Parasitic Disease Research Division, National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 3-1-5 Kannondai, Tsukuba 305-0856, Japan.
Masato
M
Akiba
Unit of Aquaculture & Cryobiology, Department of Zoology, University of Madras, Chennai 600025, India.
Natesan
N
Munuswamy
D000704:Analysis of Variance; D020552:Comet Assay; D004249:DNA Damage / Q000187:drug effects*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D063366:Estuaries; D019015:Geologic Sediments / Q000737:chemistry*; D056945:Hep G2 Cells / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007194:India; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity; D045483:Rivers / Q000737:chemistry*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity
D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical
Biological effects; Comet assay; Cooum river; Genotoxicity; HepG2; PAHs; Sediment core