Disruption of corticocortical information transfer during ketamine anesthesia in the primate brain.
The neural mechanisms of anesthetic-induced unconsciousness have yet to be fully elucidated, in part because of the diverse molecular targets of anesthetic agents. We demonstrate, using intracortical recordings in macaque monkeys, that information transfer between structurally connected cortical regions is disrupted during ketamine anesthesia, despite preserved primary sensory representation. Furthermore, transfer entropy, an information-theoretic measure of directed connectivity, decreases significantly between neuronal units in the anesthetized state. This is the first direct demonstration of a general anesthetic disrupting corticocortical information transfer in the primate brain. Given past studies showing that more commonly used GABAergic drugs inhibit surrogate measures of cortical communication, this finding suggests the potential for a common network-level mechanism of anesthetic-induced unconsciousness.
Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109.
Karen E
KE
Schroeder
Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109.
Zachary T
ZT
Irwin
Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109.
Matt
M
Gaidica
Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109.
J
J
Nicole Bentley
Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109.|Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109.|Department of Neurology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109.
Parag G
PG
Patil
Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109.|Center for Consciousness Science, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109.|Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109.
George A
GA
Mashour
Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109.|Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109.|Center for Consciousness Science, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109.|Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109.|Department of Robotics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109.
Cynthia A
CA
Chestek
D000778:Anesthetics, Dissociative / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000818:Animals; D003243:Consciousness / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D007649:Ketamine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008253:Macaca mulatta; D009044:Motor Cortex / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology*; D010812:Physical Stimulation; D013003:Somatosensory Cortex / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology*; D055698:Touch Perception / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology
D000778:Anesthetics, Dissociative; D007649:Ketamine
Anesthesia; Consciousness; Functional connectivity; Information integration; Ketamine; Sensorimotor