Heavy metals in vegetables sold in the local market in Jordan.
Heavy metals (As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn) in various vegetables (cabbage, green onion, lettuce, parsley, rocket, spinach, carrot, onion, potato and cauliflower) from the market in Jordan were measured using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn ranged from 0.009-0.275 mg kg(-1) wet weight, 0.004-0.060 mg kg(-1), 0.003-0.401 mg kg(-1), 0.105-3.51 mg kg(-1), 0.15-1.15 mg kg(-1), 0.93-14.39 mg kg(-1), 0.044-0.702 mg kg(-1), 0.072-0.289 mg kg(-1) and 2.23-6.65 mg kg(-1), respectively. Parsley, followed by spinach, contained the highest concentration of heavy metals. Onion contained high levels of toxic heavy metals. The content of Cu in parsley and spinach and Pb in onion exceeded the Codex limits. However, the daily intake of heavy metals from the tested vegetables was lower than the maximum limits for allowable intake.
a Department of Nutrition and Food Technology , Jordan University of Science and Technology , Irbid , Jordan.
Tareq M
TM
Osaili
b Department of Plant Production, Faculty of Agriculture , Jordan University of Science and Technology , Irbid , Jordan.
Abbas F
AF
Al Jamali
b Department of Plant Production, Faculty of Agriculture , Jordan University of Science and Technology , Irbid , Jordan.
Ibrahim M
IM
Makhadmeh
a Department of Nutrition and Food Technology , Jordan University of Science and Technology , Irbid , Jordan.
Mohammad
M
Taha
c Section of Analytical Chemistry, Research and Information Directorate, Jordan Atomic Energy Commission , Amman , Jordan.
Sukiena K
SK
Jarrar
D000328:Adult; D001151:Arsenic / Q000032:analysis* / Q000633:toxicity; D004032:Diet / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000208:ethnology / Q000592:standards; D004034:Diet Surveys; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000032:analysis* / Q000633:toxicity; D005062:European Union; D035263:Flowering Tops / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry; D005506:Food Contamination; D005513:Food Inspection; D006801:Humans; D007597:Jordan; D019216:Metals, Heavy / Q000032:analysis* / Q000633:toxicity; D019055:No-Observed-Adverse-Effect Level; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry; D035281:Plant Tubers / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry; D013054:Spectrophotometry, Atomic; D014480:United Nations; D014675:Vegetables / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000191:economics / Q000592:standards; D014944:World Health Organization
D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D019216:Metals, Heavy; D001151:Arsenic
Heavy metals; inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry; maximum allowable intake; vegetables