Strategies to optimize respiratory muscle function in ICU patients.
Respiratory muscle dysfunction may develop rapidly in critically ill ventilated patients and is associated with increased morbidity, length of intensive care unit stay, costs, and mortality. This review briefly discusses the pathophysiology of respiratory muscle dysfunction in intensive care unit patients and then focuses on strategies that prevent the development of muscle weakness or, if weakness has developed, how respiratory muscle function may be improved. We propose a simple strategy for how these can be implemented in clinical care.
Department of Anesthesiology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, 6500 HB, The Netherlands.|Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, 6500 HB, The Netherlands.
Willem-Jan M
WJ
Schellekens
Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, 6500 HB, The Netherlands.
Hieronymus W H
HW
van Hees
Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, 6500 HB, The Netherlands.
Jonne
J
Doorduin
Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, 6500 HB, The Netherlands.
Lisanne H
LH
Roesthuis
Department of Anesthesiology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, 6500 HB, The Netherlands.
Gert Jan
GJ
Scheffer
Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, 6500 HB, The Netherlands.
Johannes G
JG
van der Hoeven
Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, 6500 HB, The Netherlands. leo.heunks@radboudumc.nl.
Leo M A
LM
Heunks
D016638:Critical Illness / Q000451:nursing / Q000628:therapy; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D007362:Intensive Care Units; D018908:Muscle Weakness / Q000150:complications* / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000628:therapy*; D012121:Respiration, Artificial / Q000009:adverse effects*; D012132:Respiratory Muscles / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome