Renoprotective approaches and strategies in acute kidney injury.
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a major renal disease associated with high mortality rate and increasing prevalence. Decades of research have suggested numerous chemical and biological agents with beneficial effects in AKI. In addition, cell therapy and molecular targeting have been explored for reducing kidney tissue damage and promoting kidney repair or recovery from AKI. Mechanistically, these approaches may mitigate oxidative stress, inflammation, cell death, and mitochondrial and other organellar damage, or activate cytoprotective mechanisms such as autophagy and pro-survival factors. However, none of these findings has been successfully translated into clinical treatment of AKI. In this review, we analyze these findings and propose experimental strategies for the identification of renoprotective agents or methods with clinical potential. Moreover, we propose the consideration of combination therapy by targeting multiple targets in AKI.
Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
Yuan
Y
Yang
Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
Meifang
M
Song
Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
Yu
Y
Liu
Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
Hong
H
Liu
Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
Lin
L
Sun
Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
Youming
Y
Peng
Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China. Electronic address: lfy2061@163.com.
Fuyou
F
Liu
Department of Pathology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, TX, USA.
Manjeri A
MA
Venkatachalam
Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University and Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA, USA. Electronic address: zdong@augusta.edu.
Zheng
Z
Dong
D058186:Acute Kidney Injury / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D000818:Animals; D001343:Autophagy; D064987:Cell- and Tissue-Based Therapy / Q000379:methods; D000529:Complementary Therapies / Q000379:methods; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000503:physiopathology; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism; D007684:Kidney Tubules / Q000187:drug effects; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects
D018836:Inflammation Mediators
Acute kidney injury; Ischemia–reperfusion; Kidney protection; Kidney repair; Nephrotoxicity; Renoprotection