Aerobic training and l-arginine supplementation promotes rat heart and hindleg muscles arteriogenesis after myocardial infarction.
Arteriogenesis is a main defense mechanism to prevent heart and local tissues dysfunction in occlusive artery disease. TGF-β and angiostatin have a pivotal role in arteriogenesis. We tested the hypothesis that aerobic training and l-arginine supplementation promotes cardiac and skeletal muscles arteriogenesis after myocardial infarction (MI) parallel to upregulation of TGF-β and downregulation of angiostatin. For this purpose, 4 weeks after LAD occlusion, 50 male Wistar rats were randomly distributed into five groups: (1) sham surgery without MI (sham, n = 10), (2) control-MI (Con-MI, n = 10), (3) l-arginine-MI (La-MI, n = 10), (4) exercise training-MI (Ex-MI, n = 10), and (5) exercise and l-arginine-MI (Ex + La-MI). Exercise training groups running on a treadmill for 10 weeks with moderate intensity. Rats in the l-arginine-treated groups drank water containing 4 % l-arginine. Arteriolar density with different diameters (11-25, 26-50, 51-75, and 76-150 μm), TGF-β, and angiostatin gene expression were measured in cardiac (area at risk) and skeletal (soleus and gastrocnemius) muscles. Smaller arterioles decreased in cardiac after MI. Aerobic training and l-arginine increased the number of cardiac arterioles with 11-25 and 26-50 μm diameters parallel to TGF-β overexpression. In gastrocnemius muscle, the number of arterioles/mm(2) was only increased in the 11 to 25 μm in response to training with and without l-arginine parallel to angiostatin downregulation. Soleus arteriolar density with different size was not different between experimental groups. Results showed that 10 weeks aerobic exercise training and l-arginine supplementation promotes arteriogenesis of heart and gastrocnemius muscles parallel to overexpression of TGF-β and downregulation of angiostatin in MI rats.
Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran.
Kamal
K
Ranjbar
Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran. Frahmani2001@yahoo.com.
Farhad
F
Rahmani-Nia
Exercise Physiology Department, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Science, Shiraz University, Fars, Iran.
Elham
E
Shahabpour
D043925:Angiogenesis Inducing Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D043168:Angiostatins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001120:Arginine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001160:Arterioles / Q000503:physiopathology; D050379:Arteriolosclerosis / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D003331:Coronary Vessels / Q000503:physiopathology*; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006321:Heart / Q000503:physiopathology; D006614:Hindlimb; D008297:Male; D009043:Motor Activity; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism; D018919:Neovascularization, Physiologic; D010805:Physical Conditioning, Animal; D011897:Random Allocation; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000819:agonists / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
D043925:Angiogenesis Inducing Agents; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D043168:Angiostatins; D001120:Arginine
Aerobic training; Arteriogenesis; L-arginine; Myocardial infarction; Skeletal muscle