Lower Lid Malposition: Causes and Correction.
Lower lid malposition is a common yet demanding problem that both functional and cosmetic eyelid surgeons will face. It encompasses a spectrum of lower eyelid conditions ranging from lower lid retraction to frank ectropion and entropion. The causes of lower lid malposition are numerous, and the problem can be challenging to correct even for experienced surgeons. Proper treatment of lower lid malpositioning requires a clear understanding of the lower eyelid anatomy, careful preoperative assessment, and appropriate selection of surgical and nonsurgical interventions to have a successful outcome.
Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, 1020 North Mason Road, Suite 205, Creve Coeur, MO 63141, USA.
Samuel
S
Hahn
Division of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 6420 Rockledge Drive, Suite 4920, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA. Electronic address: sdesai27@jhmi.edu.
Shaun C
SC
Desai
D004483:Ectropion / Q000601:surgery*; D004774:Entropion / Q000601:surgery*; D005141:Eyelid Diseases / Q000601:surgery; D005143:Eyelids / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000601:surgery*; D005146:Facial Asymmetry / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans
Ectropion; Entropion; Horizontal lid laxity; Lower lid malposition; Lower lid retraction