Comparative Phylogeography Reveals Cryptic Diversity and Repeated Patterns of Cladogenesis for Amphibians and Reptiles in Northwestern Ecuador.
Comparative phylogeography allow us to understand how shared historical circumstances have shaped the formation of lineages, by examining a broad spectrum of co-distributed populations of different taxa. However, these types of studies are scarce in the Neotropics, a region that is characterized by high diversity, complex geology, and poorly understood biogeography. Here, we investigate the diversification patterns of five lineages of amphibians and reptiles, co-distributed across the Choco and Andes ecoregions in northwestern Ecuador. Mitochondrial DNA and occurrence records were used to determine the degree of geographic genetic divergence within species. Our results highlight congruent patterns of parapatric speciation and common geographical barriers for distantly related taxa. These comparisons indicate similar biological and demographic characteristics for the included clades, and reveal the existence of two new species of Pristimantis previously subsumed under P. walkeri, which we describe herein. Our data supports the hypothesis that widely distributed Chocoan taxa may generally experience their greatest opportunities for isolation and parapatric speciation across thermal elevational gradients. Finally, our study provides critical information to predict which unstudied lineages may harbor cryptic diversity, and how geology and climate are likely to have shaped their evolutionary history.
Tropical Herping, Quito, Ecuador.|Centro de Investigación de la Biodiversidad y Cambio Climático (BioCamb), Ingeniería en Biodiversidad y Recursos Genéticos, Facultad de Ciencias de Medio Ambiente, Universidad Tecnológica Indoamérica, Quito, Ecuador.
Alejandro
0000-0002-0014-3728
A
Arteaga
Department of Biological Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, D.C., United States of America.
R Alexander
RA
Pyron
Centro de Investigación de la Biodiversidad y Cambio Climático (BioCamb), Ingeniería en Biodiversidad y Recursos Genéticos, Facultad de Ciencias de Medio Ambiente, Universidad Tecnológica Indoamérica, Quito, Ecuador.
Nicolás
N
Peñafiel
Tropical Herping, Quito, Ecuador.|Fundación EcoCiencia, Programa para la Conservación de Especies y Ecosistemas Amenazados en Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador.
Paulina
P
Romero-Barreto
Centro de Investigación de la Biodiversidad y Cambio Climático (BioCamb), Ingeniería en Biodiversidad y Recursos Genéticos, Facultad de Ciencias de Medio Ambiente, Universidad Tecnológica Indoamérica, Quito, Ecuador.
Jaime
J
Culebras
Tropical Herping, Quito, Ecuador.|Centro de Investigación de la Biodiversidad y Cambio Climático (BioCamb), Ingeniería en Biodiversidad y Recursos Genéticos, Facultad de Ciencias de Medio Ambiente, Universidad Tecnológica Indoamérica, Quito, Ecuador.
Lucas
L
Bustamante
División de Herpetología, Museo Ecuatoriano de Ciencias Naturales, Quito, Ecuador.
Mario H
MH
Yánez-Muñoz
Centro de Investigación de la Biodiversidad y Cambio Climático (BioCamb), Ingeniería en Biodiversidad y Recursos Genéticos, Facultad de Ciencias de Medio Ambiente, Universidad Tecnológica Indoamérica, Quito, Ecuador.
Juan M
JM
Guayasamin
D000663:Amphibians / Q000235:genetics*; D000818:Animals; D044822:Biodiversity; D005075:Biological Evolution; D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial / Q000235:genetics; D004484:Ecuador; D049810:Genetic Speciation; D014644:Genetic Variation / Q000235:genetics; D005828:Genetics, Population / Q000379:methods; D010802:Phylogeny; D058974:Phylogeography / Q000379:methods; D012104:Reptiles / Q000235:genetics*
D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial