Free breathing three-dimensional late gadolinium enhancement cardiovascular magnetic resonance using outer volume suppressed projection navigators.
To develop a three-dimensional, free-breathing, late gadolinium enhancement (3D FB-LGE) cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) technique, and to compare it with clinically used two-dimensional breath-hold LGE (2D BH-LGE).



The proposed 3D FB-LGE method consisted of inversion preparation, inversion delay, fat saturation, outer volume suppression, one-dimensional projection navigators, and a segmented stack of spirals acquisition. The 3D FB-LGE and 2D BH-LGE scans were performed on 29 cardiac patients. Qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis (in patients with scar) were performed.



No significant differences were noted between the 3D FB-LGE and 2D BH-LGE data sets in terms of overall image quality score (2D: 4.69 ± 0.60 versus 3D: 4.55 ± 0.51, P = 0.46) and image artifact score (2D: 1.10 ± 0.31 versus 3D: 1.17 ± 0.38; P = 0.63). The average difference in fractional scar volume between the 3D and 2D methods was 1.9% (n = 5). Acquisition time was significantly shorter for the 3D FB-LGE over 2D BH-LGE by a factor of 2.83 ± 0.77 (P < 0.0001).



The 3D FB-LGE is a viable option for patients, particularly in acute settings or in patients who are unable to comply with breath-hold instructions. Magn Reson Med 77:1533-1543, 2017. © 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Rajiv G
0000-0001-6160-886X
RG
Menon
Department of Radiology & Medical Imaging, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.
G Wilson
GW
Miller
Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Jean
J
Jeudy
Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Sanjay
S
Rajagopalan
Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Taehoon
T
Shin
D000465:Algorithms; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods*; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods*; D019028:Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Cine / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008536:Meglumine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D008875:Middle Aged; D017682:Myocardial Stunning / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology*; D009942:Organometallic Compounds / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D015656:Respiratory Mechanics; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted
D003287:Contrast Media; D009942:Organometallic Compounds; C064572:gadobenic acid; D008536:Meglumine
3D late gadolinium enhancement (LGE); cardiovascular magnetic resonance; free-breathing; motion correction; outer volume suppression; stack-of-spirals imaging