One-Year Risk of Stroke after Transient Ischemic Attack or Minor Stroke.
BACKGROUND
Previous studies conducted between 1997 and 2003 estimated that the risk of stroke or an acute coronary syndrome was 12 to 20% during the first 3 months after a transient ischemic attack (TIA) or minor stroke. The TIAregistry.org project was designed to describe the contemporary profile, etiologic factors, and outcomes in patients with a TIA or minor ischemic stroke who receive care in health systems that now offer urgent evaluation by stroke specialists.


METHODS
We recruited patients who had had a TIA or minor stroke within the previous 7 days. Sites were selected if they had systems dedicated to urgent evaluation of patients with TIA. We estimated the 1-year risk of stroke and of the composite outcome of stroke, an acute coronary syndrome, or death from cardiovascular causes. We also examined the association of the ABCD(2) score for the risk of stroke (range, 0 [lowest risk] to 7 [highest risk]), findings on brain imaging, and cause of TIA or minor stroke with the risk of recurrent stroke over a period of 1 year.


RESULTS
From 2009 through 2011, we enrolled 4789 patients at 61 sites in 21 countries. A total of 78.4% of the patients were evaluated by stroke specialists within 24 hours after symptom onset. A total of 33.4% of the patients had an acute brain infarction, 23.2% had at least one extracranial or intracranial stenosis of 50% or more, and 10.4% had atrial fibrillation. The Kaplan-Meier estimate of the 1-year event rate of the composite cardiovascular outcome was 6.2% (95% confidence interval, 5.5 to 7.0). Kaplan-Meier estimates of the stroke rate at days 2, 7, 30, 90, and 365 were 1.5%, 2.1%, 2.8%, 3.7%, and 5.1%, respectively. In multivariable analyses, multiple infarctions on brain imaging, large-artery atherosclerosis, and an ABCD(2) score of 6 or 7 were each associated with more than a doubling of the risk of stroke.


CONCLUSIONS
We observed a lower risk of cardiovascular events after TIA than previously reported. The ABCD(2) score, findings on brain imaging, and status with respect to large-artery atherosclerosis helped stratify the risk of recurrent stroke within 1 year after a TIA or minor stroke. (Funded by Sanofi and Bristol-Myers Squibb.).
From the Departments of Neurology (P.A., P.C.L., J.L., L.S., P.-J.T.) and Cardiology (P.G.S.) and the Stroke Center (P.A., P.C.L., J.L., L.S., P.-J.T.), Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Bichat Hospital, and the Department of Biostatistics, AP-HP Fernand Widal Hospital (E.V.), Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne-Paris Cité, Paris, and Université Lille, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Lille, Santé Publique, Epidémiologie et Qualité des Soins, Lille (J.L.) - all in France; the Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford Stroke Center, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA (G.W.A.); the Department of Neurology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel (N.M.B.); the Department of Neurosciences, Hospital Santa Maria, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal (P.C., J.M.F.); the Cerebrovascular Disease Service, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard University, Boston (L.R.C.); the Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia (G.A.D.); the Department of Neurology, Universitäts Medizin Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany (M.G.H.); the Department of Neurology, Stroke Unit, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona (C.M.); the Nuffield Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Stroke Prevention Research Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford (P.M.R.), and the National Heart and Lung Institute Imperial College, Institute of Cardiovascular Medicine and Science, Royal Brompton Hospital, London (P.G.S.) - both in the United Kingdom; the Department of Nursing, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic (D.S.); Clinical Research Center, International University of Health and Welfare, Center for Brain and Cerebral Vessels, Sanno Hospital and Sanno Medical Center, Tokyo (S.U.); and the Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong K
Pierre
P
Amarenco
From the Departments of Neurology (P.A., P.C.L., J.L., L.S., P.-J.T.) and Cardiology (P.G.S.) and the Stroke Center (P.A., P.C.L., J.L., L.S., P.-J.T.), Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Bichat Hospital, and the Department of Biostatistics, AP-HP Fernand Widal Hospital (E.V.), Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne-Paris Cité, Paris, and Université Lille, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Lille, Santé Publique, Epidémiologie et Qualité des Soins, Lille (J.L.) - all in France; the Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford Stroke Center, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA (G.W.A.); the Department of Neurology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel (N.M.B.); the Department of Neurosciences, Hospital Santa Maria, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal (P.C., J.M.F.); the Cerebrovascular Disease Service, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard University, Boston (L.R.C.); the Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia (G.A.D.); the Department of Neurology, Universitäts Medizin Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany (M.G.H.); the Department of Neurology, Stroke Unit, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona (C.M.); the Nuffield Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Stroke Prevention Research Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford (P.M.R.), and the National Heart and Lung Institute Imperial College, Institute of Cardiovascular Medicine and Science, Royal Brompton Hospital, London (P.G.S.) - both in the United Kingdom; the Department of Nursing, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic (D.S.); Clinical Research Center, International University of Health and Welfare, Center for Brain and Cerebral Vessels, Sanno Hospital and Sanno Medical Center, Tokyo (S.U.); and the Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong K
Philippa C
PC
Lavallée
From the Departments of Neurology (P.A., P.C.L., J.L., L.S., P.-J.T.) and Cardiology (P.G.S.) and the Stroke Center (P.A., P.C.L., J.L., L.S., P.-J.T.), Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Bichat Hospital, and the Department of Biostatistics, AP-HP Fernand Widal Hospital (E.V.), Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne-Paris Cité, Paris, and Université Lille, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Lille, Santé Publique, Epidémiologie et Qualité des Soins, Lille (J.L.) - all in France; the Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford Stroke Center, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA (G.W.A.); the Department of Neurology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel (N.M.B.); the Department of Neurosciences, Hospital Santa Maria, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal (P.C., J.M.F.); the Cerebrovascular Disease Service, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard University, Boston (L.R.C.); the Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia (G.A.D.); the Department of Neurology, Universitäts Medizin Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany (M.G.H.); the Department of Neurology, Stroke Unit, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona (C.M.); the Nuffield Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Stroke Prevention Research Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford (P.M.R.), and the National Heart and Lung Institute Imperial College, Institute of Cardiovascular Medicine and Science, Royal Brompton Hospital, London (P.G.S.) - both in the United Kingdom; the Department of Nursing, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic (D.S.); Clinical Research Center, International University of Health and Welfare, Center for Brain and Cerebral Vessels, Sanno Hospital and Sanno Medical Center, Tokyo (S.U.); and the Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong K
Julien
J
Labreuche
From the Departments of Neurology (P.A., P.C.L., J.L., L.S., P.-J.T.) and Cardiology (P.G.S.) and the Stroke Center (P.A., P.C.L., J.L., L.S., P.-J.T.), Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Bichat Hospital, and the Department of Biostatistics, AP-HP Fernand Widal Hospital (E.V.), Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne-Paris Cité, Paris, and Université Lille, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Lille, Santé Publique, Epidémiologie et Qualité des Soins, Lille (J.L.) - all in France; the Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford Stroke Center, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA (G.W.A.); the Department of Neurology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel (N.M.B.); the Department of Neurosciences, Hospital Santa Maria, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal (P.C., J.M.F.); the Cerebrovascular Disease Service, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard University, Boston (L.R.C.); the Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia (G.A.D.); the Department of Neurology, Universitäts Medizin Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany (M.G.H.); the Department of Neurology, Stroke Unit, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona (C.M.); the Nuffield Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Stroke Prevention Research Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford (P.M.R.), and the National Heart and Lung Institute Imperial College, Institute of Cardiovascular Medicine and Science, Royal Brompton Hospital, London (P.G.S.) - both in the United Kingdom; the Department of Nursing, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic (D.S.); Clinical Research Center, International University of Health and Welfare, Center for Brain and Cerebral Vessels, Sanno Hospital and Sanno Medical Center, Tokyo (S.U.); and the Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong K
Gregory W
GW
Albers
From the Departments of Neurology (P.A., P.C.L., J.L., L.S., P.-J.T.) and Cardiology (P.G.S.) and the Stroke Center (P.A., P.C.L., J.L., L.S., P.-J.T.), Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Bichat Hospital, and the Department of Biostatistics, AP-HP Fernand Widal Hospital (E.V.), Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne-Paris Cité, Paris, and Université Lille, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Lille, Santé Publique, Epidémiologie et Qualité des Soins, Lille (J.L.) - all in France; the Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford Stroke Center, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA (G.W.A.); the Department of Neurology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel (N.M.B.); the Department of Neurosciences, Hospital Santa Maria, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal (P.C., J.M.F.); the Cerebrovascular Disease Service, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard University, Boston (L.R.C.); the Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia (G.A.D.); the Department of Neurology, Universitäts Medizin Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany (M.G.H.); the Department of Neurology, Stroke Unit, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona (C.M.); the Nuffield Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Stroke Prevention Research Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford (P.M.R.), and the National Heart and Lung Institute Imperial College, Institute of Cardiovascular Medicine and Science, Royal Brompton Hospital, London (P.G.S.) - both in the United Kingdom; the Department of Nursing, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic (D.S.); Clinical Research Center, International University of Health and Welfare, Center for Brain and Cerebral Vessels, Sanno Hospital and Sanno Medical Center, Tokyo (S.U.); and the Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong K
Natan M
NM
Bornstein
From the Departments of Neurology (P.A., P.C.L., J.L., L.S., P.-J.T.) and Cardiology (P.G.S.) and the Stroke Center (P.A., P.C.L., J.L., L.S., P.-J.T.), Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Bichat Hospital, and the Department of Biostatistics, AP-HP Fernand Widal Hospital (E.V.), Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne-Paris Cité, Paris, and Université Lille, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Lille, Santé Publique, Epidémiologie et Qualité des Soins, Lille (J.L.) - all in France; the Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford Stroke Center, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA (G.W.A.); the Department of Neurology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel (N.M.B.); the Department of Neurosciences, Hospital Santa Maria, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal (P.C., J.M.F.); the Cerebrovascular Disease Service, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard University, Boston (L.R.C.); the Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia (G.A.D.); the Department of Neurology, Universitäts Medizin Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany (M.G.H.); the Department of Neurology, Stroke Unit, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona (C.M.); the Nuffield Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Stroke Prevention Research Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford (P.M.R.), and the National Heart and Lung Institute Imperial College, Institute of Cardiovascular Medicine and Science, Royal Brompton Hospital, London (P.G.S.) - both in the United Kingdom; the Department of Nursing, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic (D.S.); Clinical Research Center, International University of Health and Welfare, Center for Brain and Cerebral Vessels, Sanno Hospital and Sanno Medical Center, Tokyo (S.U.); and the Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong K
Patrícia
P
Canhão
From the Departments of Neurology (P.A., P.C.L., J.L., L.S., P.-J.T.) and Cardiology (P.G.S.) and the Stroke Center (P.A., P.C.L., J.L., L.S., P.-J.T.), Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Bichat Hospital, and the Department of Biostatistics, AP-HP Fernand Widal Hospital (E.V.), Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne-Paris Cité, Paris, and Université Lille, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Lille, Santé Publique, Epidémiologie et Qualité des Soins, Lille (J.L.) - all in France; the Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford Stroke Center, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA (G.W.A.); the Department of Neurology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel (N.M.B.); the Department of Neurosciences, Hospital Santa Maria, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal (P.C., J.M.F.); the Cerebrovascular Disease Service, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard University, Boston (L.R.C.); the Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia (G.A.D.); the Department of Neurology, Universitäts Medizin Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany (M.G.H.); the Department of Neurology, Stroke Unit, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona (C.M.); the Nuffield Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Stroke Prevention Research Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford (P.M.R.), and the National Heart and Lung Institute Imperial College, Institute of Cardiovascular Medicine and Science, Royal Brompton Hospital, London (P.G.S.) - both in the United Kingdom; the Department of Nursing, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic (D.S.); Clinical Research Center, International University of Health and Welfare, Center for Brain and Cerebral Vessels, Sanno Hospital and Sanno Medical Center, Tokyo (S.U.); and the Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong K
Louis R
LR
Caplan
From the Departments of Neurology (P.A., P.C.L., J.L., L.S., P.-J.T.) and Cardiology (P.G.S.) and the Stroke Center (P.A., P.C.L., J.L., L.S., P.-J.T.), Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Bichat Hospital, and the Department of Biostatistics, AP-HP Fernand Widal Hospital (E.V.), Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne-Paris Cité, Paris, and Université Lille, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Lille, Santé Publique, Epidémiologie et Qualité des Soins, Lille (J.L.) - all in France; the Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford Stroke Center, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA (G.W.A.); the Department of Neurology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel (N.M.B.); the Department of Neurosciences, Hospital Santa Maria, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal (P.C., J.M.F.); the Cerebrovascular Disease Service, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard University, Boston (L.R.C.); the Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia (G.A.D.); the Department of Neurology, Universitäts Medizin Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany (M.G.H.); the Department of Neurology, Stroke Unit, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona (C.M.); the Nuffield Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Stroke Prevention Research Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford (P.M.R.), and the National Heart and Lung Institute Imperial College, Institute of Cardiovascular Medicine and Science, Royal Brompton Hospital, London (P.G.S.) - both in the United Kingdom; the Department of Nursing, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic (D.S.); Clinical Research Center, International University of Health and Welfare, Center for Brain and Cerebral Vessels, Sanno Hospital and Sanno Medical Center, Tokyo (S.U.); and the Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong K
Geoffrey A
GA
Donnan
From the Departments of Neurology (P.A., P.C.L., J.L., L.S., P.-J.T.) and Cardiology (P.G.S.) and the Stroke Center (P.A., P.C.L., J.L., L.S., P.-J.T.), Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Bichat Hospital, and the Department of Biostatistics, AP-HP Fernand Widal Hospital (E.V.), Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne-Paris Cité, Paris, and Université Lille, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Lille, Santé Publique, Epidémiologie et Qualité des Soins, Lille (J.L.) - all in France; the Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford Stroke Center, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA (G.W.A.); the Department of Neurology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel (N.M.B.); the Department of Neurosciences, Hospital Santa Maria, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal (P.C., J.M.F.); the Cerebrovascular Disease Service, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard University, Boston (L.R.C.); the Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia (G.A.D.); the Department of Neurology, Universitäts Medizin Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany (M.G.H.); the Department of Neurology, Stroke Unit, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona (C.M.); the Nuffield Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Stroke Prevention Research Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford (P.M.R.), and the National Heart and Lung Institute Imperial College, Institute of Cardiovascular Medicine and Science, Royal Brompton Hospital, London (P.G.S.) - both in the United Kingdom; the Department of Nursing, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic (D.S.); Clinical Research Center, International University of Health and Welfare, Center for Brain and Cerebral Vessels, Sanno Hospital and Sanno Medical Center, Tokyo (S.U.); and the Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong K
José M
JM
Ferro
From the Departments of Neurology (P.A., P.C.L., J.L., L.S., P.-J.T.) and Cardiology (P.G.S.) and the Stroke Center (P.A., P.C.L., J.L., L.S., P.-J.T.), Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Bichat Hospital, and the Department of Biostatistics, AP-HP Fernand Widal Hospital (E.V.), Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne-Paris Cité, Paris, and Université Lille, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Lille, Santé Publique, Epidémiologie et Qualité des Soins, Lille (J.L.) - all in France; the Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford Stroke Center, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA (G.W.A.); the Department of Neurology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel (N.M.B.); the Department of Neurosciences, Hospital Santa Maria, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal (P.C., J.M.F.); the Cerebrovascular Disease Service, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard University, Boston (L.R.C.); the Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia (G.A.D.); the Department of Neurology, Universitäts Medizin Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany (M.G.H.); the Department of Neurology, Stroke Unit, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona (C.M.); the Nuffield Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Stroke Prevention Research Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford (P.M.R.), and the National Heart and Lung Institute Imperial College, Institute of Cardiovascular Medicine and Science, Royal Brompton Hospital, London (P.G.S.) - both in the United Kingdom; the Department of Nursing, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic (D.S.); Clinical Research Center, International University of Health and Welfare, Center for Brain and Cerebral Vessels, Sanno Hospital and Sanno Medical Center, Tokyo (S.U.); and the Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong K
Michael G
MG
Hennerici
From the Departments of Neurology (P.A., P.C.L., J.L., L.S., P.-J.T.) and Cardiology (P.G.S.) and the Stroke Center (P.A., P.C.L., J.L., L.S., P.-J.T.), Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Bichat Hospital, and the Department of Biostatistics, AP-HP Fernand Widal Hospital (E.V.), Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne-Paris Cité, Paris, and Université Lille, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Lille, Santé Publique, Epidémiologie et Qualité des Soins, Lille (J.L.) - all in France; the Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford Stroke Center, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA (G.W.A.); the Department of Neurology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel (N.M.B.); the Department of Neurosciences, Hospital Santa Maria, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal (P.C., J.M.F.); the Cerebrovascular Disease Service, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard University, Boston (L.R.C.); the Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia (G.A.D.); the Department of Neurology, Universitäts Medizin Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany (M.G.H.); the Department of Neurology, Stroke Unit, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona (C.M.); the Nuffield Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Stroke Prevention Research Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford (P.M.R.), and the National Heart and Lung Institute Imperial College, Institute of Cardiovascular Medicine and Science, Royal Brompton Hospital, London (P.G.S.) - both in the United Kingdom; the Department of Nursing, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic (D.S.); Clinical Research Center, International University of Health and Welfare, Center for Brain and Cerebral Vessels, Sanno Hospital and Sanno Medical Center, Tokyo (S.U.); and the Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong K
Carlos
C
Molina
From the Departments of Neurology (P.A., P.C.L., J.L., L.S., P.-J.T.) and Cardiology (P.G.S.) and the Stroke Center (P.A., P.C.L., J.L., L.S., P.-J.T.), Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Bichat Hospital, and the Department of Biostatistics, AP-HP Fernand Widal Hospital (E.V.), Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne-Paris Cité, Paris, and Université Lille, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Lille, Santé Publique, Epidémiologie et Qualité des Soins, Lille (J.L.) - all in France; the Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford Stroke Center, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA (G.W.A.); the Department of Neurology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel (N.M.B.); the Department of Neurosciences, Hospital Santa Maria, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal (P.C., J.M.F.); the Cerebrovascular Disease Service, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard University, Boston (L.R.C.); the Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia (G.A.D.); the Department of Neurology, Universitäts Medizin Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany (M.G.H.); the Department of Neurology, Stroke Unit, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona (C.M.); the Nuffield Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Stroke Prevention Research Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford (P.M.R.), and the National Heart and Lung Institute Imperial College, Institute of Cardiovascular Medicine and Science, Royal Brompton Hospital, London (P.G.S.) - both in the United Kingdom; the Department of Nursing, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic (D.S.); Clinical Research Center, International University of Health and Welfare, Center for Brain and Cerebral Vessels, Sanno Hospital and Sanno Medical Center, Tokyo (S.U.); and the Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong K
Peter M
PM
Rothwell
From the Departments of Neurology (P.A., P.C.L., J.L., L.S., P.-J.T.) and Cardiology (P.G.S.) and the Stroke Center (P.A., P.C.L., J.L., L.S., P.-J.T.), Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Bichat Hospital, and the Department of Biostatistics, AP-HP Fernand Widal Hospital (E.V.), Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne-Paris Cité, Paris, and Université Lille, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Lille, Santé Publique, Epidémiologie et Qualité des Soins, Lille (J.L.) - all in France; the Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford Stroke Center, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA (G.W.A.); the Department of Neurology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel (N.M.B.); the Department of Neurosciences, Hospital Santa Maria, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal (P.C., J.M.F.); the Cerebrovascular Disease Service, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard University, Boston (L.R.C.); the Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia (G.A.D.); the Department of Neurology, Universitäts Medizin Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany (M.G.H.); the Department of Neurology, Stroke Unit, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona (C.M.); the Nuffield Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Stroke Prevention Research Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford (P.M.R.), and the National Heart and Lung Institute Imperial College, Institute of Cardiovascular Medicine and Science, Royal Brompton Hospital, London (P.G.S.) - both in the United Kingdom; the Department of Nursing, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic (D.S.); Clinical Research Center, International University of Health and Welfare, Center for Brain and Cerebral Vessels, Sanno Hospital and Sanno Medical Center, Tokyo (S.U.); and the Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong K
Leila
L
Sissani
From the Departments of Neurology (P.A., P.C.L., J.L., L.S., P.-J.T.) and Cardiology (P.G.S.) and the Stroke Center (P.A., P.C.L., J.L., L.S., P.-J.T.), Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Bichat Hospital, and the Department of Biostatistics, AP-HP Fernand Widal Hospital (E.V.), Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne-Paris Cité, Paris, and Université Lille, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Lille, Santé Publique, Epidémiologie et Qualité des Soins, Lille (J.L.) - all in France; the Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford Stroke Center, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA (G.W.A.); the Department of Neurology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel (N.M.B.); the Department of Neurosciences, Hospital Santa Maria, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal (P.C., J.M.F.); the Cerebrovascular Disease Service, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard University, Boston (L.R.C.); the Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia (G.A.D.); the Department of Neurology, Universitäts Medizin Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany (M.G.H.); the Department of Neurology, Stroke Unit, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona (C.M.); the Nuffield Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Stroke Prevention Research Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford (P.M.R.), and the National Heart and Lung Institute Imperial College, Institute of Cardiovascular Medicine and Science, Royal Brompton Hospital, London (P.G.S.) - both in the United Kingdom; the Department of Nursing, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic (D.S.); Clinical Research Center, International University of Health and Welfare, Center for Brain and Cerebral Vessels, Sanno Hospital and Sanno Medical Center, Tokyo (S.U.); and the Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong K
David
D
Školoudík
From the Departments of Neurology (P.A., P.C.L., J.L., L.S., P.-J.T.) and Cardiology (P.G.S.) and the Stroke Center (P.A., P.C.L., J.L., L.S., P.-J.T.), Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Bichat Hospital, and the Department of Biostatistics, AP-HP Fernand Widal Hospital (E.V.), Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne-Paris Cité, Paris, and Université Lille, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Lille, Santé Publique, Epidémiologie et Qualité des Soins, Lille (J.L.) - all in France; the Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford Stroke Center, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA (G.W.A.); the Department of Neurology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel (N.M.B.); the Department of Neurosciences, Hospital Santa Maria, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal (P.C., J.M.F.); the Cerebrovascular Disease Service, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard University, Boston (L.R.C.); the Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia (G.A.D.); the Department of Neurology, Universitäts Medizin Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany (M.G.H.); the Department of Neurology, Stroke Unit, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona (C.M.); the Nuffield Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Stroke Prevention Research Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford (P.M.R.), and the National Heart and Lung Institute Imperial College, Institute of Cardiovascular Medicine and Science, Royal Brompton Hospital, London (P.G.S.) - both in the United Kingdom; the Department of Nursing, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic (D.S.); Clinical Research Center, International University of Health and Welfare, Center for Brain and Cerebral Vessels, Sanno Hospital and Sanno Medical Center, Tokyo (S.U.); and the Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong K
Philippe Gabriel
PG
Steg
From the Departments of Neurology (P.A., P.C.L., J.L., L.S., P.-J.T.) and Cardiology (P.G.S.) and the Stroke Center (P.A., P.C.L., J.L., L.S., P.-J.T.), Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Bichat Hospital, and the Department of Biostatistics, AP-HP Fernand Widal Hospital (E.V.), Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne-Paris Cité, Paris, and Université Lille, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Lille, Santé Publique, Epidémiologie et Qualité des Soins, Lille (J.L.) - all in France; the Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford Stroke Center, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA (G.W.A.); the Department of Neurology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel (N.M.B.); the Department of Neurosciences, Hospital Santa Maria, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal (P.C., J.M.F.); the Cerebrovascular Disease Service, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard University, Boston (L.R.C.); the Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia (G.A.D.); the Department of Neurology, Universitäts Medizin Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany (M.G.H.); the Department of Neurology, Stroke Unit, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona (C.M.); the Nuffield Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Stroke Prevention Research Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford (P.M.R.), and the National Heart and Lung Institute Imperial College, Institute of Cardiovascular Medicine and Science, Royal Brompton Hospital, London (P.G.S.) - both in the United Kingdom; the Department of Nursing, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic (D.S.); Clinical Research Center, International University of Health and Welfare, Center for Brain and Cerebral Vessels, Sanno Hospital and Sanno Medical Center, Tokyo (S.U.); and the Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong K
Pierre-Jean
PJ
Touboul
From the Departments of Neurology (P.A., P.C.L., J.L., L.S., P.-J.T.) and Cardiology (P.G.S.) and the Stroke Center (P.A., P.C.L., J.L., L.S., P.-J.T.), Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Bichat Hospital, and the Department of Biostatistics, AP-HP Fernand Widal Hospital (E.V.), Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne-Paris Cité, Paris, and Université Lille, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Lille, Santé Publique, Epidémiologie et Qualité des Soins, Lille (J.L.) - all in France; the Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford Stroke Center, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA (G.W.A.); the Department of Neurology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel (N.M.B.); the Department of Neurosciences, Hospital Santa Maria, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal (P.C., J.M.F.); the Cerebrovascular Disease Service, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard University, Boston (L.R.C.); the Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia (G.A.D.); the Department of Neurology, Universitäts Medizin Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany (M.G.H.); the Department of Neurology, Stroke Unit, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona (C.M.); the Nuffield Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Stroke Prevention Research Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford (P.M.R.), and the National Heart and Lung Institute Imperial College, Institute of Cardiovascular Medicine and Science, Royal Brompton Hospital, London (P.G.S.) - both in the United Kingdom; the Department of Nursing, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic (D.S.); Clinical Research Center, International University of Health and Welfare, Center for Brain and Cerebral Vessels, Sanno Hospital and Sanno Medical Center, Tokyo (S.U.); and the Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong K
Shinichiro
S
Uchiyama
From the Departments of Neurology (P.A., P.C.L., J.L., L.S., P.-J.T.) and Cardiology (P.G.S.) and the Stroke Center (P.A., P.C.L., J.L., L.S., P.-J.T.), Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Bichat Hospital, and the Department of Biostatistics, AP-HP Fernand Widal Hospital (E.V.), Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne-Paris Cité, Paris, and Université Lille, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Lille, Santé Publique, Epidémiologie et Qualité des Soins, Lille (J.L.) - all in France; the Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford Stroke Center, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA (G.W.A.); the Department of Neurology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel (N.M.B.); the Department of Neurosciences, Hospital Santa Maria, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal (P.C., J.M.F.); the Cerebrovascular Disease Service, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard University, Boston (L.R.C.); the Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia (G.A.D.); the Department of Neurology, Universitäts Medizin Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany (M.G.H.); the Department of Neurology, Stroke Unit, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona (C.M.); the Nuffield Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Stroke Prevention Research Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford (P.M.R.), and the National Heart and Lung Institute Imperial College, Institute of Cardiovascular Medicine and Science, Royal Brompton Hospital, London (P.G.S.) - both in the United Kingdom; the Department of Nursing, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic (D.S.); Clinical Research Center, International University of Health and Welfare, Center for Brain and Cerebral Vessels, Sanno Hospital and Sanno Medical Center, Tokyo (S.U.); and the Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong K
Éric
É
Vicaut
From the Departments of Neurology (P.A., P.C.L., J.L., L.S., P.-J.T.) and Cardiology (P.G.S.) and the Stroke Center (P.A., P.C.L., J.L., L.S., P.-J.T.), Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Bichat Hospital, and the Department of Biostatistics, AP-HP Fernand Widal Hospital (E.V.), Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne-Paris Cité, Paris, and Université Lille, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Lille, Santé Publique, Epidémiologie et Qualité des Soins, Lille (J.L.) - all in France; the Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford Stroke Center, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA (G.W.A.); the Department of Neurology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel (N.M.B.); the Department of Neurosciences, Hospital Santa Maria, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal (P.C., J.M.F.); the Cerebrovascular Disease Service, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard University, Boston (L.R.C.); the Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia (G.A.D.); the Department of Neurology, Universitäts Medizin Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany (M.G.H.); the Department of Neurology, Stroke Unit, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona (C.M.); the Nuffield Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Stroke Prevention Research Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford (P.M.R.), and the National Heart and Lung Institute Imperial College, Institute of Cardiovascular Medicine and Science, Royal Brompton Hospital, London (P.G.S.) - both in the United Kingdom; the Department of Nursing, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic (D.S.); Clinical Research Center, International University of Health and Welfare, Center for Brain and Cerebral Vessels, Sanno Hospital and Sanno Medical Center, Tokyo (S.U.); and the Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong K
Lawrence K S
LK
Wong
D000368:Aged; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000401:mortality; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D002546:Ischemic Attack, Transient / Q000150:complications*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012008:Recurrence; D012306:Risk; D012307:Risk Factors; D020521:Stroke / Q000209:etiology*