A greener approach for resource recycling: Manganese bioleaching.
In view of unremitting diminution of mineral resources, rising energy economics along with increasing global consumption of Manganese (Mn), development of environment friendly technologies for tapping alternate sources of Mn has gained importance lately. Mn recovery from mining residues using conventional approaches is extremely expensive due to high capital and energy costs involved. However lean grade ores present in millions of tons awaits the development of competent and cost effective extractive process. Mn recovery by biomining with diverse microbes is thereby recommended as a superior and green alternative to the current pyro metallurgical techniques. The synergistic effects of different factors are known to influence microbial leaching of mineral ores which includes microbiological, mineralogical, physicochemical and process parameters. Bacterial bioleaching is mostly due to enzymatic influence, however fungal bioleaching is non enzymatic. Genomic studies on microbial diversity and an insight of its metabolic pathways provides unique dimension to the mechanism of biomining microorganisms. The extraction of Mn has a massive future prospective and will play a remarkable role in altering the situation of ever-decreasing grades of ore. This review aims to encompass the different aspects of Mn bioleaching, the plethora of organisms involved, the mechanisms driving the process and the recent trends and future prospects of this green technology.
Bioengineering & Bio-Mineral Processing Laboratory, Centre for Biotechnology, Siksha O Anusandhan University, Khandagiri Square, Bhubaneswar 751003, India.
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Ghosh
Bioengineering & Bio-Mineral Processing Laboratory, Centre for Biotechnology, Siksha O Anusandhan University, Khandagiri Square, Bhubaneswar 751003, India.
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Mohanty
Mineral-Metal Recovery and Recycling (MMR&R) Research Group, Mineral Processing Division, Department of Mining Engineering, Suleyman Demirel University, TR32260 Isparta, Turkey.
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Akcil
Institute for Applied Environmental Biotechnology, Bhubaneswar 751021, Odisha, India.
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Sukla
Bioengineering & Bio-Mineral Processing Laboratory, Centre for Biotechnology, Siksha O Anusandhan University, Khandagiri Square, Bhubaneswar 751003, India. Electronic address: alokdas@soauniversity.ac.in.
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Das
D001419:Bacteria / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007218:Industrial Microbiology / Q000379:methods* / Q000639:trends; D008345:Manganese / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D008906:Mining / Q000379:methods* / Q000639:trends; D059027:Recycling
D008345:Manganese
Bioleaching; Manganese; Recycling; Resource; Waste