In-silico analysis and mRNA modulation of detoxification enzymes GST delta and kappa against various biotic and abiotic oxidative stressors.
This study reports the comprehensive comparative information of two different detoxification enzymes such as glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) delta and kappa from freshwater giant prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii (designated as MrGSTD and MrGSTK) by investigating their in-silico characters and mRNA modulation against various biotic and abiotic oxidative stressors. The physico-chemical properties of these cDNA and their polypeptide structure were analyzed using various bioinformatics program. The analysis indicated the variation in size of the polypeptides, presence or absence of domains and motifs and structure. Homology and phylogenetic analysis revealed that MrGSTD shared maximum identity (83%) with crustaceans GST delta, whereas MrGSTK fell in arthropods GST kappa. It is interesting to note that MrGSTD and MrGSTK shared only 21% identity; it indicated their structural difference. Structural analysis indicated that MrGSTD to be canonical dimer like shape and MrGSTK appeared to be butterfly dimer like shape, in spite of four β-sheets being conserved in both GSTs. Tissue specific gene expression analysis showed that both MrGSTD and MrGSTK are highly expressed in immune organs such as haemocyte and hepatopancreas, respectively. To understand the role of mRNA modulation of MrGSTD and MrGSTK, the prawns were inducted with oxidative stressors such as bacteria (Vibrio harveyi), virus [white spot syndrome virus (WSSV)] and heavy metal, cadmium (Cd). The analysis revealed an interesting fact that both MrGSTD and MrGSTK showed higher (P < 0.05) up-regulation at 48 h post-challenge, except MrGSTD stressed with bacteria, where it showed up-regulation at 24 h post-challenge. Overall, the results suggested that GSTs are diverse in their structure and possibly conferring their potential involvement in immune protection in crustaceans. However, further study is necessary to focus their functional differences at proteomic level.
Division of Fisheries Biotechnology & Molecular Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Humanities, SRM University, Kattankulathur, 603 203 Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
Mukesh Kumar
MK
Chaurasia
Division of Fisheries Biotechnology & Molecular Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Humanities, SRM University, Kattankulathur, 603 203 Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India; SRM Research Institute, SRM University, Kattankulathur, 603 203 Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
Gayathri
G
Ravichandran
Division of Fisheries Biotechnology & Molecular Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Humanities, SRM University, Kattankulathur, 603 203 Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
Faizal
F
Nizam
Department of Botany and Microbiology, Addiriyah Chair for Environmental Studies, College of Science, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
Mariadhas Valan
MV
Arasu
Department of Botany and Microbiology, Addiriyah Chair for Environmental Studies, College of Science, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
Naif Abdullah
NA
Al-Dhabi
Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
Aziz
A
Arshad
Department of Zoology, Pachaiyappa's College for Men, Kanchipuram 631 501, Tamil Nadu, India.
Ramasamy
R
Harikrishnan
Division of Fisheries Biotechnology & Molecular Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Humanities, SRM University, Kattankulathur, 603 203 Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. Electronic address: jesuaraj@hotmail.com.
Jesu
J
Arockiaraj
D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D060829:Arthropod Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D018407:Bacterial Physiological Phenomena; D001483:Base Sequence; D003198:Computer Simulation; D018076:DNA, Complementary / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D008658:Inactivation, Metabolic; D019216:Metals, Heavy / Q000633:toxicity; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000502:physiology*; D033541:Palaemonidae / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology; D010802:Phylogeny; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D016415:Sequence Alignment / Q000662:veterinary; D018406:Virus Physiological Phenomena
D060829:Arthropod Proteins; D018076:DNA, Complementary; D019216:Metals, Heavy; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D005982:Glutathione Transferase
GST; Gene expression; Heavy metal; Pathogen; Prawn