Impact of partial bivalent HPV vaccination on vaccine-type infection: a population-based analysis.
Data on the effectiveness of one dose of HPV vaccine are lacking, particularly in population-based settings. Data from a national HPV immunisation catch-up programme of 14-18-year-old girls were used to assess the effectiveness of<3 doses of the bivalent vaccine on vaccine-type and cross-reactive-type HPV infection.



Cervical samples from women attending for their first cervical smear, which had been genotyped for HPV as part of a longitudinal HPV surveillance programme were linked to immunisation records to establish the number of vaccine doses (0, 1, 2 and 3) administered. Vaccine effectiveness (VE) adjusted for deprivation and age at first dose, was assessed for prevalent HPV 16/18 and HPV 31/33/45 infection.



VE for prevalent HPV 16/18 infection associated with 1, 2 and 3 doses was 48.2% (95% CI 16.8, 68.9), 54.8% (95% CI 30.7, 70.8) and 72.8% (95% CI 62.8, 80.3). Equivalent VE for prevalent HPV 31/33/45 infection was -1.62% (95% CI -85.1, 45.3), 48.3% (95% CI 7.6, 71.8) and 55.2% (95% CI 32.6, 70.2).



Consistent with recent aggregated trial data, we demonstrate the potential effectiveness of even one dose of HPV vaccine on vaccine-type infection. Given that these women were immunised as part of a catch-up campaign, the VE observed in this study is likely to be an underestimate of what will occur in girls vaccinated at younger ages. Further population-based studies which look at the clinical efficacy of one-dose schedules are warranted.
Scottish HPV Reference Laboratory, Division of Laboratory Medicine, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SA, Scotland.|HPV Research Group, Queens Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, Scotland.
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Cuschieri
Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Strathclyde, 26 Richmond Street, Glasgow G1 1XH, Scotland.
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Kavanagh
Scottish HPV Reference Laboratory, Division of Laboratory Medicine, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SA, Scotland.
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Moore
HPV Research Group, Queens Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, Scotland.
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Bhatia
Health Protection Scotland, Meridian Court, Glasgow G2 6QE, Scotland.
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Love
Health Protection Scotland, Meridian Court, Glasgow G2 6QE, Scotland.
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Pollock
D000293:Adolescent; D000367:Age Factors; D002584:Cervix Uteri / Q000821:virology; D003429:Cross Reactions; D004306:Dose-Response Relationship, Immunologic; D005260:Female; D052162:Human papillomavirus 16 / Q000276:immunology / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D052161:Human papillomavirus 18 / Q000276:immunology / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D058952:Human papillomavirus 31 / Q000276:immunology / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D006801:Humans; D017589:Immunization Programs; D007115:Immunization Schedule; D007117:Immunization, Secondary; D000071497:Immunogenicity, Vaccine; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000821:virology; D053918:Papillomavirus Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology*; D011159:Population Surveillance; D015995:Prevalence; D012606:Scotland / Q000453:epidemiology; D014611:Vaccination; D014626:Vaginal Smears
D053918:Papillomavirus Vaccines