Deregulation of Rho GTPases in cancer.
In vitro and in vivo studies and evidence from human tumors have long implicated Rho GTPase signaling in the formation and dissemination of a range of cancers. Recently next generation sequencing has identified direct mutations of Rho GTPases in human cancers. Moreover, the effects of ablating genes encoding Rho GTPases and their regulators in mouse models, or through pharmacological inhibition, strongly suggests that targeting Rho GTPase signaling could constitute an effective treatment. In this review we will explore the various ways in which Rho signaling can be deregulated in human cancers.
a Cell Signaling Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester , Manchester , UK.
Andrew P
AP
Porter
a Cell Signaling Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester , Manchester , UK.|b "Cellular and Genetic Etiology, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Disease" Graduate Program, Medical School, University of Crete , Heraklion , Greece.
Alexandra
A
Papaioannou
a Cell Signaling Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester , Manchester , UK.
Angeliki
A
Malliri
D000818:Animals; D056915:DNA Copy Number Variations; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D009154:Mutation; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics; D020741:rho GTP-Binding Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D020741:rho GTP-Binding Proteins
GAPs; GDI; GEFs; Rho GTPases mutations; cancer; tumorigenesis