Inflammatory Mediators and Oxidative Stress in Animals Subjected to Smoke Inhalation: A Systematic Review.
The inhalation injury is usually initiated by uninhibited absorption of smoke, favoring the release of cytokines and other lipid mediators from inflammatory cells in lung airways and parenchyma.



To systematically review, examine, and synthesize the main inflammatory mediators analyzed in published studies in animals subjected to smoke inhalation, as well as oxidative stress.



A comprehensive literature search was conducted through MEDLINE-PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus.



Studies with animals subjected to lung damage from smoke inhalation that evaluated the presence and the action of inflammatory mediators and oxidative stress.



A total of 1332 studies were initially identified, with only 31 meeting the inclusion criteria. The inflammatory mediators and oxidative stress markers studied and presented in the articles described herein were varied; however, the most cited ones were tumor necrosis factor-alpha (6), IL-8 and IL-6 (both studied in five articles), IL-1β and nuclear factor kappa β (both studied in 4 articles), malondialdehyde (11 studies), and myeloperoxidase (7). It is worth noting that most studies evaluated more than one inflammatory mediator and oxidative stress marker.



Based on this review, we could observe that the main inflammatory mediators and oxidative stress markers analyzed were TNF-α, IL-8, IL-6, IL-1β, nuclear factor kappa β, MDA, and MPO. However, it is necessary to increase the rigor of study design and data, in order to have studies that are more homogeneous and with appropriate methodological quality.
Núcleo de Pós-Graduação em Medicina da Universidade Federal de Sergipe-UFS, Rua Cláudio Batista S/N Bairro Sanatório, Aracaju, SE, CEP 49.100-000, Brazil.
Fernanda Oliveira
FO
de Carvalho
Núcleo de Pós-Graduação em Medicina da Universidade Federal de Sergipe-UFS, Rua Cláudio Batista S/N Bairro Sanatório, Aracaju, SE, CEP 49.100-000, Brazil.
Fernanda Araújo
FA
Felipe
Núcleo de Pós-Graduação em Medicina da Universidade Federal de Sergipe-UFS, Rua Cláudio Batista S/N Bairro Sanatório, Aracaju, SE, CEP 49.100-000, Brazil.
Aida Carla Santana
AC
de Melo Costa
Núcleo de Pós-Graduação em Medicina da Universidade Federal de Sergipe-UFS, Rua Cláudio Batista S/N Bairro Sanatório, Aracaju, SE, CEP 49.100-000, Brazil.
Luciana Garcez Barretto
LG
Teixeira
Núcleo de Pós-Graduação em Medicina da Universidade Federal de Sergipe-UFS, Rua Cláudio Batista S/N Bairro Sanatório, Aracaju, SE, CEP 49.100-000, Brazil.
Érika Ramos
ÉR
Silva
Núcleo de Pós-Graduação em Medicina da Universidade Federal de Sergipe-UFS, Rua Cláudio Batista S/N Bairro Sanatório, Aracaju, SE, CEP 49.100-000, Brazil.
Paula Santos
PS
Nunes
Núcleo de Pós-Graduação em Medicina da Universidade Federal de Sergipe-UFS, Rua Cláudio Batista S/N Bairro Sanatório, Aracaju, SE, CEP 49.100-000, Brazil.
Saravanan
S
Shanmugam
Núcleo de Pós-Graduação em Medicina da Universidade Federal de Sergipe-UFS, Rua Cláudio Batista S/N Bairro Sanatório, Aracaju, SE, CEP 49.100-000, Brazil.
Waldecy
W
de Lucca Junior
Núcleo de Pós-Graduação em Medicina da Universidade Federal de Sergipe-UFS, Rua Cláudio Batista S/N Bairro Sanatório, Aracaju, SE, CEP 49.100-000, Brazil.
Jullyana S S
JS
Quintans
Núcleo de Pós-Graduação em Medicina da Universidade Federal de Sergipe-UFS, Rua Cláudio Batista S/N Bairro Sanatório, Aracaju, SE, CEP 49.100-000, Brazil. adriasa2001@yahoo.com.br.|Departamento de Fisiologia, Universidade Federal de Sergipe-UFS, Cidade Universitária Prof. "José Aloísio de Campos", Av. Marechal Rondon, s/n Jardim Rosa Elza, São Cristovão, SE, CEP 49.100-000, Brazil. adriasa2001@yahoo.com.br.
Adriano Antunes
AA
de Souza Araújo
D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism*; D007249:Inflammation / Q000378:metabolism*; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism*; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000378:metabolism; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000378:metabolism; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D009195:Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D015208:Smoke Inhalation Injury / Q000378:metabolism*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
D015415:Biomarkers; D016207:Cytokines; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D015850:Interleukin-6; D016209:Interleukin-8; D016328:NF-kappa B; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D009195:Peroxidase
Cytokine; Inflammatory mediator; Oxidative stress; Pulmonary injury; Smoke inhalation