Heparin and anticoagulation.
Heparin, a sulfated polysaccharide, has been used as a clinical anticoagulant for over 90 years. Newer anticoagulants, introduced for certain specialized applications, have not significantly displaced heparin and newer heparin-based anticoagulants in most medical procedures. This chapter, while reviewing anticoagulation and these newer anticoagulants, focuses on heparin-based anticoagulants, including unfractionated heparin, low molecular weight heparins and ultra-low molecular weight heparins. Heparin's structures and its biological and therapeutic roles are discussed. Particular emphasis is placed on heparin's therapeutic application and its adverse effects. The future prospects are excellent for new heparins and new heparin-based therapeutics with improved properties.
Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 8th St, Troy, NY 12180 USA.
Akihiro
A
Onishi
Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 8th St, Troy, NY 12180 USA.
Kalib
K
St Ange
Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 8th St, Troy, NY 12180 USA.
Jonathan S
JS
Dordick
Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 8th St, Troy, NY 12180 USA, linhar@rpi.edu.
Robert J
RJ
Linhardt
D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000737:chemistry / Q000145:classification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001777:Blood Coagulation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D004211:Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy; D005112:Extracorporeal Circulation / Q000009:adverse effects; D006493:Heparin / Q000737:chemistry / Q000145:classification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D054556:Venous Thromboembolism / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy
D000925:Anticoagulants; D006493:Heparin