The Effects of Exercise Intensity vs. Metabolic State on the Variability and Magnitude of Left Ventricular Twist Mechanics during Exercise.
Increased left ventricular (LV) twist and untwisting rate (LV twist mechanics) are essential responses of the heart to exercise. However, previously a large variability in LV twist mechanics during exercise has been observed, which complicates the interpretation of results. This study aimed to determine some of the physiological sources of variability in LV twist mechanics during exercise. Sixteen healthy males (age: 22 ± 4 years, [Formula: see text]O2peak: 45.5 ± 6.9 ml∙kg-1∙min-1, range of individual anaerobic threshold (IAT): 32-69% of [Formula: see text]O2peak) were assessed at rest and during exercise at: i) the same relative exercise intensity, 40%peak, ii) at 2% above IAT, and, iii) at 40%peak with hypoxia (40%peak+HYP). LV volumes were not significantly different between exercise conditions (P > 0.05). However, the mean margin of error of LV twist was significantly lower (F2,47 = 2.08, P < 0.05) during 40%peak compared with IAT (3.0 vs. 4.1 degrees). Despite the same workload and similar LV volumes, hypoxia increased LV twist and untwisting rate (P < 0.05), but the mean margin of error remained similar to that during 40%peak (3.2 degrees, P > 0.05). Overall, LV twist mechanics were linearly related to rate pressure product. During exercise, the intra-individual variability of LV twist mechanics is smaller at the same relative exercise intensity compared with IAT. However, the absolute magnitude (degrees) of LV twist mechanics appears to be associated with the prevailing rate pressure product. Exercise tests that evaluate LV twist mechanics should be standardised by relative exercise intensity and rate pressure product be taken into account when interpreting results.
Discipline of Physiology & Health, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom.
Craig
C
Armstrong
Discipline of Physiology & Health, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom.
Jake
J
Samuel
Discipline of Physiology & Health, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom.
Andrew
A
Yarlett
Discipline of Physiology & Health, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom.
Stephen-Mark
SM
Cooper
Discipline of Physiology & Health, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom.
Mike
M
Stembridge
Discipline of Physiology & Health, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom.
Eric J
EJ
Stöhr
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001794:Blood Pressure; D015444:Exercise; D006339:Heart Rate; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left; D055815:Young Adult