Method for Attaining Caraway Seed Oil Fractions with Different Composition.
Caraway (Carum carvi L.) is a medicinal and aromatic plant; its seeds (fruits) are used as spice and they contain essential oils. We hypothesized that by collecting caraway oil at different time points during the extraction process, we could obtain oil fractions with distinct chemical composition. A hydrodistillation time (HDT) study was conducted to test the hypothesis. The caraway seed oil fractions were collected at eight different HDT (at 0 - 2, 2 - 7, 7 - 15, 15 - 30, 30 - 45, 45 - 75, 75 - 105, and 105 - 135 min). Additionally, a non-stop HD for 135 min was conducted as a control. Most of the oil was eluted early in the HD process. The non-stop HDT treatment yielded 2.76% oil by weight. Of the 24 essential oil constituents, limonene (77 - 19% of the total oil) and carvone (20 - 79%) were the major ones. Other constituents included myrcene (0.72 - 0.16%), trans-carveol (0.07 - 0.39%), and β-caryophyllene (0.07 - 0.24%). Caraway seed oil with higher concentration of limonene can be obtained by sampling oil fractions early in HD process; conversely, oil with high concentration of carvone can be obtained by excluding the fractions eluted early in the HD process. We demonstrated a method of obtaining caraway seed oil fractions with various and unique composition. These novel oil fractions with unique composition are not commercially available and could have much wider potential uses, and also target different markets compared to the typical caraway essential oil.
Department of Crop and Soil Science, Oregon State University, 109 Crop Science Building, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA.|Plant Sciences Department, University of Wyoming, 1000 University Avenue, Laramie, WY, 82071, USA.
Santosh
S
Shiwakoti
Plant Sciences Department, University of Wyoming, 1000 University Avenue, Laramie, WY, 82071, USA.
Shital
S
Poudyal
Plant Sciences Department, University of Wyoming, 1000 University Avenue, Laramie, WY, 82071, USA.
Osama
O
Saleh
Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, 50 Pictou Road, P.O. Box 550, Truro, NS, B2N 5E3, Canada.
Tess
T
Astatkie
Department of Crop and Soil Science, Oregon State University, 109 Crop Science Building, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA.
Valtcho D
VD
Zheljazkov
D029974:Carum / Q000737:chemistry*; D002849:Chromatography, Gas; D057168:Distillation; D009822:Oils, Volatile / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D012639:Seeds / Q000737:chemistry*; D013997:Time Factors
D009822:Oils, Volatile
Carum carvi; Carvone; Essential oils; Hydrodistillation; Limonene