Effects of valerian on subjective sedation, field sobriety testing and driving simulator performance.
BACKGROUND
The availability of herbal medicines over-the-counter (OTC) has increased the use of natural products for self-treatment. Valerian has been used to effectively treat generalized anxiety disorder and insomnia. Studies suggest that valerenic acid may increase gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) modulation in the brain. Benzodiazepines have a similar mechanism of action and have been linked to an increased risk of hospitalizations due to traffic accidents. Despite the risk of somnolence, the safety of driving while under the influence of valerian remains unknown.


OBJECTIVE
The purpose of the study was to determine the effects of a one-time valerian 1600mg dose on subjective sedation effects, standardized field sobriety testing (SFST) and driving simulator performance parameters.


METHODS
The study design was a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, cross-over trial. For each session, participants received either a dose of valerian or placebo. The outcome measures included a simple visual reaction test (SVRT), subjective sleepiness scales, SFST performance scores, and driving simulator performance parameters.


RESULTS
There were no significant differences in the SVRT or sleepiness scales between placebo and valerian exposures, but the study may have been underpowered. SFST total and individual test failure rates were not significantly different between the two exposures. The driving simulator performance parameters were equivalent between the two exposure conditions.


CONCLUSIONS
A one-time valerian 1600mg dose, often used to treat insomnia, does not appear to impair driving simulator performance after acute ingestion.
College of Pharmacy, Touro University California, Vallejo, CA, United States. Electronic address: kelan.thomas@tu.edu.
Kelan
K
Thomas
College of Pharmacy, Touro University California, Vallejo, CA, United States.
Joanne
J
Canedo
College of Pharmacy, Touro University California, Vallejo, CA, United States.
Paul J
PJ
Perry
College of Pharmacy, Touro University California, Vallejo, CA, United States.
Shadi
S
Doroudgar
College of Pharmacy, Touro University California, Vallejo, CA, United States.
Ingrid
I
Lopes
College of Pharmacy, Touro University California, Vallejo, CA, United States.
Hannah Mae
HM
Chuang
College of Pharmacy, Touro University California, Vallejo, CA, United States.
Kimberly
K
Bohnert
D000328:Adult; D001334:Automobile Driving; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D007192:Indenes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D008517:Phytotherapy; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000187:drug effects; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000187:drug effects; D012717:Sesquiterpenes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012894:Sleep Stages / Q000187:drug effects*; D015813:Substance Abuse Detection; D014632:Valerian
D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives; D007192:Indenes; D012717:Sesquiterpenes; C037133:valerenic acid
Driving; KSS; SFST; SSS; Simulator; Valerian