Care of Patients With HIV Infection: Medical Complications and Comorbidities.
Care of patients with HIV infection starts with diagnosis as soon as possible, preferably at or near the time of acute infection. Opportunistic infections, malignancies, and other conditions develop progressively over time, particularly in untreated patients. The AIDS-defining opportunistic infections most common in the United States include Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia, Candida esophagitis, toxoplasmic encephalitis, tuberculosis, disseminated Mycobacterium avium complex, cryptococcal meningitis, and cytomegalovirus retinitis. Specific prophylaxis regimens exist for several opportunistic infections, and effective antiretroviral therapy reduces the risk of most others. Other AIDS-defining conditions include wasting syndrome and HIV encephalopathy. AIDS-defining malignancies include Kaposi sarcoma, systemic non-Hodgkin lymphoma, primary central nervous system lymphoma, and invasive cervical cancer. Although not an AIDS-defining condition, anal cancer is common in patients with HIV infection. Other HIV-related conditions include thrombocytopenia, recurrent bacterial respiratory infections, HIV-associated nephropathy, and HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder.
Family Health Center of Worcester, 26 Queen St., Worcester, MA 01610.
Philip
P
Bolduc
Family Health Center of Worcester, 26 Queen St., Worcester, MA 01610.
Navid
N
Roder
Family Health Center of Worcester, 26 Queen St., Worcester, MA 01610.
Emily
E
Colgate
University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 N Lake Ave, Worcester, MA 01655.
Sarah H
SH
Cheeseman
D015526:AIDS Dementia Complex; D016263:AIDS-Associated Nephropathy; D017088:AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections; D001005:Anus Neoplasms; D002177:Candidiasis; D016543:Central Nervous System Neoplasms; D015897:Comorbidity; D017726:Cytomegalovirus Retinitis; D004935:Esophageal Diseases; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections; D006801:Humans; D008223:Lymphoma; D008228:Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin; D008297:Male; D015270:Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare Infection; D009369:Neoplasms; D011020:Pneumonia, Pneumocystis; D012514:Sarcoma, Kaposi; D013921:Thrombocytopenia; D016781:Toxoplasmosis, Cerebral; D014376:Tuberculosis; D014481:United States; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms