Novel grooved substrata stimulate macrophage fusion, CCL2 and MMP-9 secretion.
Rough surface topographies on implants attract macrophages but the influence of topography on macrophage fusion to produce multinucleated giant cells (MGC) and foreign body giant cells (FBGC) is unclear. Two rough novel grooved substrata, G1 and G2, fabricated by anisotropic etching of Silicon <110> crystals without the use of photolithographic patterning, and a control smooth surface (Pol) were produced and replicated in epoxy. The surfaces were compared for their effects on RAW264.7 macrophage morphology, gene expression, cyto/chemokine secretion, and fusion for one and five days. Macrophages on grooved surfaces exhibited an elongated morphology similar to M2 macrophages and increased cell alignment with surface directionality, roughness and cell culture time. Up-regulated expression of macrophage chemoattractants at gene and protein level was observed on both grooved surfaces relative to Pol. Grooved surfaces showed time-dependent increase in soluble mediators involved in cell fusion, CCL2 and MMP-9, and an increased proportion of multinucleated cells at Day 5. Collectively, this study demonstrated that a rough surface with surface directionality produced changes in macrophage shape and macrophage attractant chemokines and soluble mediators involved in cell fusion. These in vitro results suggest a possible explanation for the observed accumulation of macrophages and MGCs on rough surfaced implants in vivo. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 104A: 2243-2254, 2016.
Department of Oral Biological & Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
Haisle
H
Moon
Laboratory for Surface Science and Technology, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
Clément V M
CV
Cremmel
Advanced Materials and Process Engineering Laboratory (AMPEL) Advanced Nanofabrication Facility (ANF), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
Alina
A
Kulpa
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Faculty of Applied Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
Nicolas A F
NA
Jaeger
Centre for Blood Research, Department of Oral Biological & Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
Reinhild
R
Kappelhoff
Centre for Blood Research, Department of Oral Biological & Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
Christopher M
CM
Overall
Department of Oral Biological & Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
J Douglas
JD
Waterfield
Department of Oral Biological & Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
Donald M
DM
Brunette
D000818:Animals; D002459:Cell Fusion; D018932:Chemokine CCL2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D008264:Macrophages / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D000067996:RAW 264.7 Cells; D013499:Surface Properties; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry*
C491768:Ccl2 protein, mouse; D018932:Chemokine CCL2; D014025:Titanium; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9; C501830:Mmp9 protein, mouse
CCL2 (MCP-1); MMP-9; macrophage; macrophage fusion; novel grooved surface topography