Disordered 3 D Multi-layer Graphene Anode Material from CO2 for Sodium-Ion Batteries.
We report the application of disordered 3 D multi-layer graphene, synthesized directly from CO2 gas through a reaction with Li at 550 °C, as an anode for Na-ion batteries (SIBs) toward a sustainable and greener future. The material exhibited a reversible capacity of ∼190 mA h g(-1) with a Coulombic efficiency of 98.5 % at a current density of 15 mA g(-1) . The discharge capacity at higher potentials (>0.2 V vs. Na/Na(+) ) is ascribed to Na-ion adsorption at defect sites, whereas the capacity at low potentials (<0.2 V) is ascribed to intercalation between graphene sheets through electrochemical characterization, Raman spectroscopy, and small-angle X-ray scattering experiments. The disordered multi-layer graphene electrode demonstrated a great rate capability and cyclability. This novel approach to synthesize disordered 3 D multi-layer graphene from CO2 gas makes it attractive not only as an anode material for SIBs but also to mitigate CO2 emission.
Micron School of Materials, Boise State University, 1910 University Dr, Boise, ID, 83725, USA.
Kassiopeia
K
Smith
Micron School of Materials, Boise State University, 1910 University Dr, Boise, ID, 83725, USA.
Riley
R
Parrish
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, MI, 49931-1295, USA.
Wei
W
Wei
Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA.
Yuzi
Y
Liu
Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA.
Tao
T
Li
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, MI, 49931-1295, USA.
Yun Hang
YH
Hu
Micron School of Materials, Boise State University, 1910 University Dr, Boise, ID, 83725, USA. clairexiong@boisestate.edu.
Hui
0000-0003-3126-1476
H
Xiong
D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000737:chemistry*; D011211:Electric Power Supplies; D004563:Electrochemistry; D004566:Electrodes; D006108:Graphite / Q000737:chemistry*; D012964:Sodium / Q000737:chemistry*
D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D006108:Graphite; D012964:Sodium
carbon dioxide mitigation; carbon material; defect; energy storage; sodium-ion battery