Recombinant Newcastle disease virus expressing H9 HA protects chickens against heterologous avian influenza H9N2 virus challenge.
In order to produce an efficient poultry H9 avian influenza vaccine that provides cross-protection against multiple H9 lineages, two Newcastle disease virus (NDV) LaSota vaccine strain recombinant viruses were generated using reverse genetics. The recombinant NDV-H9Con virus expresses a consensus-H9 hemagglutinin (HA) that is designed based on available H9N2 sequences from Chinese and Middle Eastern isolates. The recombinant NDV-H9Chi virus expresses a chimeric-H9 HA in which the H9 ectodomain of A/Guinea Fowl/Hong Kong/WF10/99 was fused with the cytoplasmic and transmembrane domain of the fusion protein (F) of NDV. Both recombinant viruses expressed the inserted HA stably and grew to high titers. An efficacy study in chickens showed that both recombinant viruses were able to provide protection against challenge with a heterologous H9N2 virus. In contrast to the NDV-H9Chi virus, the NDV-H9Con virus induced a higher hemagglutination inhibition titer against both NDV and H9 viruses in immunized birds, and efficiently inhibited virus shedding through the respiratory route. Moreover, sera collected from birds immunized with either NDV-H9Con or NDV-H9Chi were able to cross-neutralize two different lineages of H9N2 viruses, indicating that NDV-H9Con and NDV-H9Chi are promising vaccine candidates that could provide cross-protection among different H9N2 lineage viruses.
Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA; Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.
Abdou
A
Nagy
Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA.
Jinhwa
J
Lee
Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
Ignacio
I
Mena
Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA.
Jamie
J
Henningson
Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA.
Yuhao
Y
Li
Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA.
Jingjiao
J
Ma
Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA.
Michael
M
Duff
Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA.
Yonghai
Y
Li
Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA.
Yuekun
Y
Lang
Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA; Innovation Team for Pathogen Ecology Research on Animal Influenza Virus, Department of Avian Infectious Disease, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China.
Jianmei
J
Yang
Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.
Fatma
F
Abdallah
Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA.
Juergen
J
Richt
Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.
Ahmed
A
Ali
Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA. Electronic address: adolfo.garcia-sastre@mssm.edu.
Adolfo
A
García-Sastre
Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA. Electronic address: wma@vet.k-state.edu.
Wenjun
W
Ma
D000818:Animals; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood; D002645:Chickens / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology; D056738:Cross Protection; D006385:Hemagglutination Inhibition Tests; D019267:Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus / Q000276:immunology*; D053127:Influenza A Virus, H9N2 Subtype; D007252:Influenza Vaccines / Q000276:immunology*; D005585:Influenza in Birds / Q000517:prevention & control*; D009500:Neutralization Tests; D009522:Newcastle disease virus / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D017201:Virus Shedding
D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D019267:Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus; D007252:Influenza Vaccines
Cross-protection; H9N2; Influenza; Recombinant NDV LaSota viruses