Immediate stress reduction effects of yoga during pregnancy: One group pre-post test.
BACKGROUND
Excessive stress during pregnancy may cause mental disorders in pregnant women and inhibit fetal growth. Yoga may alleviate stress during pregnancy.


OBJECTIVE
To verify the immediate effects of yoga on stress response during pregnancy.


METHODS
One group pre-post test was conducted at a hospital in Japan. We recruited 60 healthy primiparas without complications and asked them to attend yoga classes twice a month and to practice yoga at their homes using DVD 3 times a week from 20 gestational weeks until childbirth. Salivary cortisol and alpha-amylase concentration were measured before and after yoga classes at time 1 (27-32 gestational weeks) and time 2 (34-37 gestational weeks). Subjective mood was assessed using the profile of mood states. Saliva values and mood scores before and after each yoga class were compared using paired t-test and Wilcoxon rank-sum test, respectively.


RESULTS
We analyzed 44 and 35 women at time 1 and time 2, respectively. The mean salivary cortisol concentration declined significantly after each yoga class [time 1: 0.36-0.26μg/dL (p<0.001), time 2: 0.32-0.26μg/dL (p=0.001)]. The mean salivary alpha-amylase concentration also decreased significantly following each class [time 1: 72.2-50.8kU/L (p=0.001), time 2: 70.6-52.7kU/L (p=0.006)]. The scores for negative dimensions of mood (Trait-Anxiety, Depression, Anger-Hostility, Fatigue, and Confusion) decreased significantly. The scores of Vigor for a positive dimension of mood significantly increased.


CONCLUSIONS
This study indicated the immediate stress reduction effects of yoga during pregnancy.
Department of Midwifery and Women's Health, Division of Health Sciences and Nursing, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
Momoko
M
Kusaka
Department of Midwifery and Women's Health, Division of Health Sciences and Nursing, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan. Electronic address: msumi-tky@umin.ac.jp.
Masayo
M
Matsuzaki
Department of Midwifery and Women's Health, Division of Health Sciences and Nursing, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
Mie
M
Shiraishi
Department of Midwifery and Women's Health, Division of Health Sciences and Nursing, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
Megumi
M
Haruna
D000328:Adult; D001007:Anxiety / Q000378:metabolism / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D003863:Depression / Q000378:metabolism / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D007564:Japan; D011247:Pregnancy; D011262:Pregnancy Trimester, Second / Q000378:metabolism / Q000523:psychology; D011263:Pregnancy Trimester, Third / Q000378:metabolism / Q000523:psychology; D037841:Pregnant People / Q000523:psychology*; D012463:Saliva / Q000737:chemistry*; D013312:Stress, Physiological; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000378:metabolism / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D015013:Yoga; D055815:Young Adult; D000516:alpha-Amylases / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism
D000516:alpha-Amylases; D006854:Hydrocortisone
Exercise; Pregnant women; Saliva; Stress, Physiological; Stress, Psychological