Outcomes of surgical interventions for primary childhood glaucoma in Northern Tanzania.
To evaluate goniotomy, trabeculotomy, transscleral cyclophotocoagulation (TSCPC) and trabeculectomy as initial procedures in children with primary childhood glaucoma from Northern Tanzania.



A retrospective analysis of consecutive interventions for primary childhood glaucoma from 2000 to 2013 was conducted at the Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre. Success was defined as postoperative intraocular pressure (IOP) below 22 mmHg. Success rates, IOP, visual acuity (VA), subsequent interventions and potential risk factors for failure were reported for the respective interventions.



The study included 116 eyes of 70 children (age 4.6±5.9 years) with primary childhood glaucoma; 46 (65.7%) children were male. The preoperative IOP was 33.1±10.2 mmHg, the preoperative cup/disc (CD) ratio 0.71±0.3 and the corneal diameter 13.3±1.4 mm. As a primary intervention, 61 (52.6%) eyes underwent goniotomy, 10 (8.6%) eyes trabeculotomy, 12 (10.3%) TSCPC and 33 (28.4%) trabeculectomy. Follow-up data after 12 months were available for 63 (54.3%) eyes. Success rates at 12 months were 38% (goniotomy), 30% (trabeculotomy), 17% (TSCPC) and 64% (trabeculectomy). All interventions achieved a statistically significant IOP reduction at 3, 6 and 12 months, except for trabeculotomy after 6 months and TSCPC at all time points. Postoperative endophthalmitis occurred in one child treated with trabeculectomy. VA in 82% of all eyes was maintained or had improved after 12 months.



Based on the success rates of this retrospective analysis, goniotomy or trabeculotomy for younger and trabeculectomy for older children can be recommended in our setting to reduce IOP. Late presentation in combination with advanced glaucomatous damage as well as erratic postoperative follow-up and treatment were likely factors that compromised overall success rates. More efforts are necessary to detect the blinding disease earlier and improve adherence to follow-up.
Department of Ophthalmology, HELIOS Dr. Horst Schmidt Kliniken, Wiesbaden, Germany.
Achim
A
Fieß
Department of Ophthalmology, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Moshi, Tanzania.|Faculty of Infectious & Tropical Diseases, International Centre for Eye Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
Godfrey
G
Furahini
Faculty of Infectious & Tropical Diseases, International Centre for Eye Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
Richard
R
Bowman
Paediatric Department, HELIOS Dr. Horst Schmidt Kliniken, Wiesbaden, Germany.
Jacqueline
J
Bauer
Department of Ophthalmology, HELIOS Dr. Horst Schmidt Kliniken, Wiesbaden, Germany.
Stefan
S
Dithmar
Department of Ophthalmology, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Moshi, Tanzania.|Faculty of Infectious & Tropical Diseases, International Centre for Eye Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
Heiko
H
Philippin
D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005901:Glaucoma / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007429:Intraocular Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D008028:Light Coagulation / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D009901:Optic Nerve Diseases / Q000601:surgery; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013636:Tanzania; D014065:Tonometry, Ocular; D014130:Trabeculectomy / Q000379:methods*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014792:Visual Acuity / Q000502:physiology
Child health (paediatrics); Glaucoma; Low vision aid; Optic Nerve; Public health