The Response of Selected Triticum spp. Genotypes with Different Ploidy Levels to Head Blight Caused by Fusarium culmorum (W.G.Smith) Sacc.
Several cultivars and pure lines of Triticum monococcum, T. dicoccon, T. polonicum, T. spelta and T. aestivum were inoculated with Fusarium culmorum, the causal agent of Fusarium head blight in wheat. During the three-year study, the infection decreased the values of the analyzed yield components: spike weight (by 5.6% to 15.8%), number of kernels per spike (by 2.8% to 11.8%) and one kernel weight (by 8.4% to 10.7%). T. spelta was characterized by the weakest average response to infection. The grain from inoculated spikes contained significantly higher concentrations of deoxynivalenol (DON) and its 3-β-D-glucoside (D3G) than control grain. The D3G/DON ratio ranged from 11.4% to 21.4% in control grain and from 8.1% to 11.6% in inoculated grain. The lowest levels of mycotoxins were found in spelt, and the highest in T. polonicum lines and Kamut. PCA revealed that the grain of T. polonicum was characterized by an entirely different mycotoxin profile. The weakest response to F. culmorum infections was noted in T. spelta, and the strongest response in T. polonicum breeding lines and Kamut.
Department of Plant Breeding and Seed Production, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, pl. Łódzki 3, 10-727 Olsztyn, Poland. marian.wiwart@uwm.edu.pl.
Marian
M
Wiwart
Department of Plant Breeding and Seed Production, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, pl. Łódzki 3, 10-727 Olsztyn, Poland. ela.suchowilska@uwm.edu.pl.
Elżbieta
E
Suchowilska
Center for Analytical Chemistry, Department for Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Konrad Lorenz Str. 20, 3430-Tulln, Austria. wolfgang.kandler@boku.ac.at.
Wolfang
W
Kandler
Center for Analytical Chemistry, Department for Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Konrad Lorenz Str. 20, 3430-Tulln, Austria. michael.sulyok@boku.ac.at.
Michael
M
Sulyok
Department of Entomology, Phytopathology and Molecular Diagnostics, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, ul. Prawochenskiego 17, 10-721 Olsztyn, Poland. urszula.wachowska@uwm.edu.pl.
Urszula
U
Wachowska
Center for Analytical Chemistry, Department for Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Konrad Lorenz Str. 20, 3430-Tulln, Austria. rudolf.krska@boku.ac.at.
Rudolf
R
Krska
D002523:Edible Grain / Q000737:chemistry; D005670:Fusarium; D005838:Genotype; D005960:Glucosides / Q000032:analysis; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000235:genetics*; D011003:Ploidies; D014255:Trichothecenes / Q000032:analysis; D014908:Triticum / Q000235:genetics*
D005960:Glucosides; D014255:Trichothecenes; C007262:deoxynivalenol
Fusarium head blight; mycotoxins; ploidy level; principal component analysis; wheat