Stomatal behaviors reflect enantioselective phytotoxicity of chiral herbicide dichlorprop in Arabidopsis thaliana.
Stomata in plants play vital roles in water transpiration and gas exchange necessary for photosynthesis, which are critical for the plants growth. Until now, however, the effect of chiral herbicides on the response of stomata was poorly understood. To unveil this puzzle, the enantioselective effect of chiral herbicide dichloroprop (DCPP) on stomata in Arabidopsis thaliana was investigated. It was found that (R)-DCPP preferentially promoted the extent of stomatal opening in Arabidopsis leaves, resulting in 59.84% enhancement at 0.3μmol·L(-1) comparing to the control, where (S)- and (Rac)-DCPP exhibited no significant differences. Enantioselectivity was also observed in the response of stomata to DCPP. To better understand the mechanism involved, the reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and antioxidant system defense were measured. Interestingly, the ROS production in Arabidopsis leaves was also enantioselective. The (R)-DCPP treatments resulted in 6.08-fold enhancement compared with the control, whereas 1.35- and 2.51-fold increases occurred in (S)-DCPP and (Rac)-DCPP treatments, respectively. The promoting of stomatal opening was positively correlated with ROS production. In addition, the antioxidant system response provided evidence of oxidative stress and damage caused by DCPP. This study confirmed that the ROS produced by DCPP promoted stomatal opening and suggested a potential sight to elucidate the phytotoxicity of chiral herbicides.
MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation & Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
Zunwei
Z
Chen
MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation & Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
Hui
H
Chen
MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation & Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
Yuqin
Y
Zou
MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation & Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China. Electronic address: wenyuezhong@zju.edu.cn.
Yuezhong
Y
Wen
D015084:2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000633:toxicity; D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D006540:Herbicides / Q000633:toxicity*; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D010788:Photosynthesis; D054046:Plant Stomata / Q000502:physiology*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species
D006540:Herbicides; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D015084:2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid; C010571:dichlorprop
Chiral herbicide; Enantioselectivity; Phytotoxicity; ROS; Stomatal