Effect of cholecalciferol supplementation on arterial stiffness: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
BACKGROUND
Vitamin D deficiency increases risk of cardiovascular diseases, arterial stiffness, and endothelial dysfunction. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating the impact of vitamin D supplementation on arterial stiffness.


METHODS
A comprehensive search of the databases of the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, MEDLINE, and EMBASE was performed from inception through November 2015. The inclusion criterion was RCTs that assessed the impact of cholecalciferol supplementation in adults on the surrogate markers of arterial stiffness (aortic pulse wave velocity (PWV) and augmentation index (AIx)). Outcome was the pooled mean difference (MD) of PWV and AIx between the vitamin D supplementation (intervention) group and placebo.


RESULTS
The initial search yielded 1164 articles. Twenty-eight articles underwent full-length review and data were extracted from seven RCTs involving totally 547 participants. Dose of cholecalciferol supplementation varied from 1000 IU/day to 120,000 IU/month of cholecalciferol. Duration of treatment ranged from 2 to 12 months. There was no significant difference in the change of PWV (pooled MD = 0.18, 95% CI: -0.17 to 0.52 or AIx (pooled MD = 2.39, 95% CI: -4.43 to 4.92) between the intervention group and placebo.


CONCLUSIONS
There was no improvement of markers of arterial stiffness after vitamin D supplementation.
a Department of Internal Medicine , Bassett Medical Center and Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons , Cooperstown , NY , USA ;|b Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital , Mahidol University , Bangkok , Thailand ;
Sikarin
S
Upala
a Department of Internal Medicine , Bassett Medical Center and Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons , Cooperstown , NY , USA ;|b Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital , Mahidol University , Bangkok , Thailand ;
Anawin
A
Sanguankeo
c Department of Medicine , St. Elizabeth's Medical Center , Boston , MA , USA ;
Soontharee
S
Congrete
d Department of Internal Medicine , University of Hawaii , Honolulu , HI , USA.
Veeravich
V
Jaruvongvanich
D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology; D002762:Cholecalciferol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D063177:Pulse Wave Analysis / Q000379:methods; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D059289:Vascular Stiffness / Q000187:drug effects*; D014815:Vitamins / Q000494:pharmacology
D014815:Vitamins; D002762:Cholecalciferol
Artery; pulse wave velocity; stiffness; vitamin D; vitamin supplementation