Wake and Sleep EEG in Patients With Huntington Disease: An eLORETA Study and Review of the Literature.
The aim of the study was to evaluate the EEG modifications in patients with Huntington disease (HD) compared with controls, by means of the exact LOw REsolution Tomography (eLORETA) software. We evaluated EEG changes during wake, non-rapid eye movement (NREM) and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. Moreover, we reviewed the literature concerning EEG modifications in HD. Twenty-three consecutive adult patients affected by HD were enrolled, 14 women and 9 men, mean age was 57.0 ± 12.4 years. Control subjects were healthy volunteers (mean age 58.2 ± 14.6 years). EEG and polygraphic recordings were performed during wake (before sleep) and during sleep. Sources of EEG activities were determined using the eLORETA software. In wake EEG, significant differences between patients and controls were detected in the delta frequency band (threshold T = ±4.606; P < .01) in the Brodmann areas (BAs) 3, 4, and 6 bilaterally. In NREM sleep, HD patients showed increased alpha power (T = ±4.516; P < .01) in BAs 4 and 6 bilaterally; decreased theta power (T = ±4.516; P < .01) in the BAs 23, 29, and 30; and decreased beta power (T = ±4.516; P < .01) in the left BA 30. During REM, HD patients presented decreased theta and alpha power (threshold T = ±4.640; P < .01) in the BAs 23, 29, 30, and 31 bilaterally. In conclusion, EEG data suggest a motor cortex dysfunction during wake and sleep in HD patients, which correlates with the clinical and polysomnographic evidence of increased motor activity during wake and NREM, and nearly absent motor abnormalities in REM.
Center for Parkinson Disease and Extrapyramidal Disorders, Movement Disorders Unit, Institute of Neurology, Catholic University, Rome, Italy.|Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences (DIBINEM), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
Carla
C
Piano
Sleep Disorders Unit; Institute of Neurology, Catholic University, Rome, Italy.
Edoardo
E
Mazzucchi
Center for Parkinson Disease and Extrapyramidal Disorders, Movement Disorders Unit, Institute of Neurology, Catholic University, Rome, Italy.|Don Carlo Gnocchi Foundation, Milan, Italy.
Anna Rita
AR
Bentivoglio
Sleep Disorders Unit; Institute of Neurology, Catholic University, Rome, Italy.
Anna
A
Losurdo
Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences (DIBINEM), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.|IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
Giovanna
G
Calandra Buonaura
Department of Human Sciences, European University, Rome, Italy.
Claudio
C
Imperatori
Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences (DIBINEM), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.|IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
Pietro
P
Cortelli
Sleep Disorders Unit; Institute of Neurology, Catholic University, Rome, Italy giacomodellamarca@gmail.com.
Giacomo
G
Della Marca
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001921:Brain / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003936:Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D004569:Electroencephalography / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006816:Huntington Disease / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017286:Polysomnography / Q000379:methods; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012890:Sleep; D012984:Software; D014851:Wakefulness
EEG; Huntington disease; LORETA; sleep; wake