Non-diluted seawater enhances nasal ciliary beat frequency and wound repair speed compared to diluted seawater and normal saline.
The regulation of mucociliary clearance is a key part of the defense mechanisms developed by the airway epithelium. If a high aggregate quality of evidence shows the clinical effectiveness of nasal irrigation, there is a lack of studies showing the intrinsic role of the different irrigation solutions allowing such results. This study investigated the impact of solutions with different pH and ionic compositions, eg, normal saline, non-diluted seawater and diluted seawater, on nasal mucosa functional parameters.



For this randomized, controlled, blinded, in vitro study, we used airway epithelial cells obtained from 13 nasal polyps explants to measure ciliary beat frequency (CBF) and epithelial wound repair speed (WRS) in response to 3 isotonic nasal irrigation solutions: (1) normal saline 0.9%; (2) non-diluted seawater (Physiomer®); and (3) 30% diluted seawater (Stérimar). The results were compared to control (cell culture medium).



Non-diluted seawater enhanced the CBF and the WRS when compared to diluted seawater and to normal saline. When compared to the control, it significantly enhanced CBF and slightly, though nonsignificantly, improved the WRS. Interestingly, normal saline markedly reduced the number of epithelial cells and ciliated cells when compared to the control condition.



Our results suggest that the physicochemical features of the nasal wash solution is important because it determines the optimal conditions to enhance CBF and epithelial WRS thus preserving the respiratory mucosa in pathological conditions. Non-diluted seawater obtains the best results on CBF and WRS vs normal saline showing a deleterious effect on epithelial cell function.
National Institute of Health and Medical Research (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale [INSERM]) Scientific Mixed Research unit UMRS-S 903, Federative Structure Health Research Champagne-Ardennes-Picardie (SFR CAP-Santé): FED 4231, University of Reims-Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France.|Cellular and Tissular Imaging Platform (PICT), University of Reims-Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France.
Arnaud
A
Bonnomet
National Institute of Health and Medical Research (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale [INSERM]) Scientific Mixed Research unit UMRS-S 903, Federative Structure Health Research Champagne-Ardennes-Picardie (SFR CAP-Santé): FED 4231, University of Reims-Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France.
Emilie
E
Luczka
National Institute of Health and Medical Research (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale [INSERM]) Scientific Mixed Research unit UMRS-S 903, Federative Structure Health Research Champagne-Ardennes-Picardie (SFR CAP-Santé): FED 4231, University of Reims-Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France.
Christelle
C
Coraux
Ear Nose and Throat (ENT) Department, University Hospital of Bordeaux, Hôpital Pellegrin, Bordeaux, France. ludovic.de-gabory@chu-bordeaux.fr.
Ludovic
L
de Gabory
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002923:Cilia / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D004847:Epithelial Cells; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D055556:Nasal Lavage; D009297:Nasal Mucosa; D009298:Nasal Polyps; D012623:Seawater; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000187:drug effects*
D012965:Sodium Chloride
ciliary beat frequency; nasal mucosa; saline; seawater; wound repair