Development of an ecotoxicological protocol for the deep-sea fauna using the hydrothermal vent shrimp Rimicaris exoculata.
In light of deep-sea mining industry development, particularly interested in massive-sulphide deposits enriched in metals with high commercial value, efforts are increasing to better understand potential environmental impacts to local fauna. The aim of this study was to assess the natural background levels of biomarkers in the hydrothermal vent shrimp Rimicaris exoculata and their responses to copper exposure at in situ pressure (30MPa) as well as the effects of depressurization and pressurization of the high-pressure aquarium IPOCAMP. R. exoculata were collected from the chimney walls of the hydrothermal vent site TAG (Mid Atlantic Ridge) at 3630m depth during the BICOSE cruise in 2014. Tissue metal accumulation was quantified in different tissues (gills, hepatopancreas and muscle) and a battery of biomarkers was measured: metal exposure (metallothioneins), oxidative stress (catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione-S-transferase and glutathione peroxidase) and oxidative damage (lipid peroxidation). Data show a higher concentration of Cu in the hepatopancreas and a slight increase in the gills after incubations (for both exposed groups). Significant induction of metallothioneins was observed in the gills of shrimps exposed to 4μM of Cu compared to the control group. Moreover, activities of enzymes were detected for the in situ group, showing a background protection against metal toxicity. Results suggest that the proposed method, including a physiologically critical step of pressurizing and depressurizing the test chamber to enable the seawater exchange during exposure to contaminants, is not affecting metal accumulation and biomarkers response and may prove a useful method to assess toxicity of contaminants in deep-sea species.
CIMA, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005 139 Faro, Portugal.
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Auguste
CIMA, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005 139 Faro, Portugal. Electronic address: neliamestre@gmail.com.
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Mestre
CIMA, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005 139 Faro, Portugal.
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Rocha
CIMA, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005 139 Faro, Portugal.
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Cardoso
Ifremer Centre Bretagne, REM/EEP/Laboratoire de Microbiologie des Environnements Extrêmes, UMR 6197, Ifremer, UBO, CNRS, ZI Pointe du Diable, CS10070, 29280 Plouzané, France​; UBO, UMR 6197, UBO, Ifremer, CNRS, IUEM Rue Dumont d'Urville, 29280 Plouzané, France; CNRS, UMR 6197, CNRS, Ifremer, UBO, IUEM Rue Dumont d'Urville, 29280 Plouzané, France.
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Cueff-Gauchard
Ifremer Centre Bretagne, REM/EEP/Laboratoire de Microbiologie des Environnements Extrêmes, UMR 6197, Ifremer, UBO, CNRS, ZI Pointe du Diable, CS10070, 29280 Plouzané, France​; UBO, UMR 6197, UBO, Ifremer, CNRS, IUEM Rue Dumont d'Urville, 29280 Plouzané, France; CNRS, UMR 6197, CNRS, Ifremer, UBO, IUEM Rue Dumont d'Urville, 29280 Plouzané, France.
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Le Bloa
Ifremer Centre Bretagne, REM/EEP/Laboratoire de Microbiologie des Environnements Extrêmes, UMR 6197, Ifremer, UBO, CNRS, ZI Pointe du Diable, CS10070, 29280 Plouzané, France​; UBO, UMR 6197, UBO, Ifremer, CNRS, IUEM Rue Dumont d'Urville, 29280 Plouzané, France; CNRS, UMR 6197, CNRS, Ifremer, UBO, IUEM Rue Dumont d'Urville, 29280 Plouzané, France.
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Cambon-Bonavita
Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ. Paris 06, UMR CNRS 7208, MNHN/IRD-207/UCN/UA, Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques, 7 Quai St. Bernard, 75252 Cedex 5 Paris, France.
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Shillito
Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ. Paris 06, UMR CNRS 7208, MNHN/IRD-207/UCN/UA, Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques, 7 Quai St. Bernard, 75252 Cedex 5 Paris, France.
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Zbinden
Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ. Paris 06, UMR CNRS 7208, MNHN/IRD-207/UCN/UA, Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques, 7 Quai St. Bernard, 75252 Cedex 5 Paris, France.
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Ravaux
CIMA, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005 139 Faro, Portugal.
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Bebianno
D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D003300:Copper / Q000633:toxicity*; D033364:Decapoda / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D005880:Gills / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D060086:Hydrothermal Vents / Q000737:chemistry*; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008668:Metallothionein / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000633:toxicity*
D000975:Antioxidants; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D003300:Copper; D008668:Metallothionein
Biomarkers; Copper; Deep-sea mining; Hydrothermal vents; Ipocamp; TAG