How to Acquire Cardiac Volumes for Sonographic Examination of the Fetal Heart: Part 1.
Four-dimensional sonography with spatiotemporal image correlation (STIC) technology allows acquisition of a fetal cardiac volume data set and displays a cine loop of a complete single cardiac cycle in motion. Part 1 of this 2-part article reviews STIC technology and its features, the importance of operator training/experience, and acquisition of high-quality STIC volumes, as well as factors that affect STIC volume acquisition rates. We also propose a detailed and practical stepwise approach to performing 4-dimensional sonography with STIC and begin herein by providing general recommendations. Part 2 will discuss specifics of the approach, along with how to determine whether such volumes are appropriate for analysis.
Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan USADetroit Medical Center, Hutzel Women's Hospital, Detroit, MichiganDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan USA lyeo@med.wayne.edu.
Lami
L
Yeo
Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan USADepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan USADepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan USACenter for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan USA.
Roberto
R
Romero
4-dimensional; fetal echocardiography; fetus; spatiotemporal image correlation; ultrasound