Cardiometabolic risk factors predict cerebrovascular health in older adults: results from the Brain in Motion study.
Aging and physical inactivity are associated with an increased risk of developing metabolic syndrome (MetS). With the rising prevalence of MetS, it is important to determine the extent to which it affects cerebrovascular health. The primary purpose of this report is to examine the impact of MetS on cerebrovascular health (resting cerebral blood flow (CBF) peak velocity (V¯P), cerebrovascular conductance (CVC), and CBF responses to hypercapnia) in healthy older adults with normal cognition. A secondary goal was to examine the influence of apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 expression on these indices. In a sample of 258 healthy men and women older than 53 years, 29.1% met criteria for MetS. MetS, sex, and age were found to be significant predictors of CVC, and V¯P, MetS, and APOE status were significant predictors of V¯P-reactivity, and CVC-reactivity was best predicted by MetS status. After controlling for these factors, participants with MetS demonstrated lower cerebrovascular measures (CVC, V¯P, CVC-reactivity, and V¯P-reactivity) compared to participants without MetS. APOE ε4 carriers had higher V¯P-reactivity than noncarriers. These results provide evidence that cardiometabolic and vascular risk factors clustered together as the MetS predict measures of cerebrovascular health indices in older adults. Higher V¯P-reactivity in APOE ε4 carriers suggests vascular compensation for deleterious effects of this known risk allele for Alzheimer's disease and stroke.
Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4N1, Canada Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4N1, Canada.
Amanda V
AV
Tyndall
Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4N1, Canada Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4N1, Canada.
Laurie
L
Argourd
Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4N1, Canada Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4N1, Canada Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4Z6, Canada.
Tolulope T
TT
Sajobi
Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4N1, Canada Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4N1, Canada.
Margie H
MH
Davenport
Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4N1, Canada Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4N1, Canada.
Scott C
SC
Forbes
Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4N1, Canada Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4N1, Canada.
Stephanie J
SJ
Gill
Department of Medical Genetics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4N1, Canada Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute for Child and Maternal Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T3B 6A8, Canada.
Jillian S
JS
Parboosingh
Department of Cardiac Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4N1, Canada Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4N1, Canada.
Todd J
TJ
Anderson
Department of Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4N1, Canada.
Ben J
BJ
Wilson
Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4N1, Canada Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4N1, Canada Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4Z6, Canada.
Eric E
EE
Smith
Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4N1, Canada Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4N1, Canada Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4Z6, Canada Department of Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4N1, Canada.
David B
DB
Hogan
Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4N1, Canada Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4N1, Canada Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4Z6, Canada.
Michael D
MD
Hill
Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4N1, Canada Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4N1, Canada Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4N1, Canada Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4N1, Canada Department of Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4N1, Canada Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada poulin@ucalgary.ca.
Marc J
MJ
Poulin
D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000375:Aging / Q000473:pathology* / Q000502:physiology; D053327:Apolipoprotein E4 / Q000235:genetics*; D001921:Brain / Q000098:blood supply*; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation / Q000502:physiology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D006579:Heterozygote; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000235:genetics / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors
D053327:Apolipoprotein E4
Aging; brain health; cerebrovascular regulation; metabolic syndrome