Neuroprotective effects of adenosine isolated from Cordyceps cicadae against oxidative and ER stress damages induced by glutamate in PC12 cells.
Glutamate has been proven to induce oxidative stress through the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and increased calcium overload which results in neuronal injury, development of neurodegenerative diseases and death. Adenosine is one of the bioactive nucleosides found in Cordyceps cicadae and it has displayed several pharmacological activities including neuroprotection. In this study, the protective effects of adenosine from C. cicadae against glutamate-induce oxidative stress in PC12 cells were evaluated. The exposure of PC12 cells to glutamate (5mM) induced the formation of ROS, increased Ca(2+) influx, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and up regulated the expression of pro-apoptotic factor Bax. However, pretreatment with adenosine markedly increased cell viability, decreased the elevated levels of ROS and Ca(2+) induced by glutamate. Furthermore adenosine increased the activities of GSH-Px and SOD, as well as retained mitochondria membrane potential (MMP), increased Bcl-2/Bax ratio, and reduced the expression of ERK, p38, and JNK. Overall, our results suggest that adenosine may be a promising potential therapeutic agent for the prevention and treatment of neurodegenerative disorders.
School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
Opeyemi J
OJ
Olatunji
School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
Yan
Y
Feng
Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai 90112, Thailand.
Oyenike O
OO
Olatunji
School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
Jian
J
Tang
School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China. Electronic address: zhenouyang@ujs.ac.cn.
Zhen
Z
Ouyang
School of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
Zhaoliang
Z
Su
School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
Dujun
D
Wang
School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
Xiaofeng
X
Yu
D000241:Adenosine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D032661:Cordyceps; D059865:Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D018698:Glutamic Acid / Q000633:toxicity; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D053078:Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial / Q000187:drug effects; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D016716:PC12 Cells; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein / Q000378:metabolism
C494828:Bax protein, rat; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein; D018698:Glutamic Acid; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D000241:Adenosine; D002118:Calcium
Adenosine; Cordyceps cicadae; Glutamate; Neuroprotection; Oxidative toxicity; PC12 cells