Oligonucleotide-based theranostic nanoparticles in cancer therapy.
Theranostic approaches, combining the functionality of both therapy and imaging, have shown potential in cancer nanomedicine. Oligonucleotides such as small interfering RNA and microRNA, which are powerful therapeutic agents, have been effectively employed in theranostic systems against various cancers. Nanoparticles are used to deliver oligonucleotides into tumors by passive or active targeting while protecting the oligonucleotides from nucleases in the extracellular environment. The use of quantum dots, iron oxide nanoparticles and gold nanoparticles and tagging with contrast agents, like fluorescent dyes, optical or magnetic agents and various radioisotopes, has facilitated early detection of tumors and evaluation of therapeutic efficacy. In this article, we review the advantages of theranostic applications in cancer therapy and imaging, with special attention to oligonucleotide-based therapeutics.
Department of Nanotechnology & Nanomedicine, Institute for Graduate Studies in Science & Engineering, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06532, Turkey.
Reza
R
Shahbazi
Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
Bulent
B
Ozpolat
Department of Nanotechnology & Nanomedicine, Institute for Graduate Studies in Science & Engineering, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06532, Turkey.|Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06100, Turkey.|Department of Bioengineering, Institute for Graduate Studies in Science & Engineering, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06532, Turkey.
Kezban
K
Ulubayram
D000818:Animals; D003952:Diagnostic Imaging / Q000379:methods; D004337:Drug Carriers / Q000032:analysis*; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D060172:Morpholinos / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000032:analysis* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000628:therapy*; D009841:Oligonucleotides / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000068936:Theranostic Nanomedicine / Q000379:methods*
D004337:Drug Carriers; D035683:MicroRNAs; D060172:Morpholinos; D009841:Oligonucleotides; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering
cancer imaging; cancer therapy; nanoparticle; oligonucleotide; theranostics