Neuroendocrine Regulation of Metabolism.
Given the current environment in most developed countries, it is a challenge to maintain a good balance between calories consumed and calories burned, although maintenance of metabolic balance is key to good health. Therefore, understanding how metabolic regulation is achieved and how the dysregulation of metabolism affects health is an area of intense research. Most studies focus on the hypothalamus, which is a brain area that acts as a key regulator of metabolism. Among the nuclei that comprise the hypothalamus, the arcuate nucleus is one of the major mediators in the regulation of food intake. The regulation of energy balance is also a key factor ensuring the maintenance of any species as a result of the dependence of reproduction on energy stores. Adequate levels of energy reserves are necessary for the proper functioning of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. This review discusses valuable data presented in the 2015 edition of the International Workshop of Neuroendocrinology concerning the fundamental nature of the hormonal regulation of the hypothalamus and the impact on energy balance and reproduction.
Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Multidisciplinary Institute of Cell Biology [IMBICE, dependent on the Argentine Research Council (CONICET), Scientific Research Commission, Province of Buenos Aires (CIC-PBA) and National University of La Plata (UNLP)], La Plata, Argentina.
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Cornejo
Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.
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Hentges
Endocrinology and Metabolism Laboratory, Department of Medicine West Division, School of Medicine University of Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile.
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Maliqueo
Laboratory of Neurobiology, Institute of Biology and Experimental Medicine [(IBYME), dependent on CONICET] and Department of Human Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Coirini
Laboratory of Pituitary Regulation, Institute of Biology and Experimental Medicine [(IBYME), dependent on CONICET], Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Becu-Villalobos
Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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Elias
D000818:Animals; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007031:Hypothalamus / Q000502:physiology*; D012098:Reproduction / Q000502:physiology*
energy balance; hypothalamus; reproduction