Musculoskeletal pain and the reproductive life stage in women: is there a relationship?
Objectives To investigate the association between reproductive life stage, pain perception and musculoskeletal pain complaint in a representative sample of women from São Paulo, Brazil. Methods A population-based survey was carried out with 574 women who were classified as being in the premenopausal or postmenopausal stage. They answered questions about pain perception and musculoskeletal pain. Follicle stimulating hormone was collected to confirm menopausal condition along with clinical evaluation. Results In the whole sample, we found a prevalence of 56% for pain perception and 20.2% for complaints of musculoskeletal pain. Regarding the topography of musculoskeletal pain, the distributions were similar among the premenopausal and postmenopausal groups. No significant association was found between reproductive life stage and pain perception, as 58.1% of the premenopausal group and 52.0% of the postmenopausal group reported pain. Similarly, there was no significant association between menopausal stage and musculoskeletal pain, as 19.5% and 21.6% of the premenopausal and postmenopausal women, respectively, complained of musculoskeletal pain. There was no significant association of postmenopausal stage (early or late) with pain perception or musculoskeletal pain. The use of analgesics was significantly higher in postmenopausal compared to premenopausal women (p < 0.001). Conclusion A high prevalence of pain was found in women from the city of São Paulo. However, neither the presence of musculoskeletal pain nor pain perception were associated with the reproductive life stage, showing that both parameters was independent from the menopausal status in the studied women.
a Departamento de Psicobiologia , Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) , São Paulo , Brazil ;
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Frange
a Departamento de Psicobiologia , Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) , São Paulo , Brazil ;
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Hirotsu
a Departamento de Psicobiologia , Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) , São Paulo , Brazil ;|b Departamento de Ginecologia , Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) , São Paulo , Brazil.
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Hachul
a Departamento de Psicobiologia , Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) , São Paulo , Brazil ;
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Pires
a Departamento de Psicobiologia , Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) , São Paulo , Brazil ;
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Bittencourt
a Departamento de Psicobiologia , Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) , São Paulo , Brazil ;
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Tufik
a Departamento de Psicobiologia , Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) , São Paulo , Brazil ;
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Andersen
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000700:Analgesics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D008593:Menopause / Q000502:physiology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D059352:Musculoskeletal Pain / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D058748:Pain Perception / Q000502:physiology; D017698:Postmenopause / Q000502:physiology; D017697:Premenopause / Q000502:physiology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
D000700:Analgesics; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone
Musculoskeletal pain; menopause; quality of life