Absorption, Metabolism, and Excretion of [(14) C]-Tivozanib, a Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor, in Healthy Male Participants: A Phase I, Open-Label, Mass-Balance Study.
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the absorption, metabolism, and excretion of tivozanib, a new investigational drug for renal cell carcinoma and solid malignancies.


METHODS
Eight healthy male participants received a single 1.5-mg (˜160 μCi) dose of oral [(14) C]-tivozanib. Whole blood, serum, urine, and feces were evaluated up to 28 days postdose for pharmacokinetics, radioanalysis, and metabolites. Adverse events were recorded throughout the study.


RESULTS
[(14) C]-tivozanib concentration peaked at 10.9 ± 5.84 hours. The mean serum half-life for [(14) C]-tivozanib was 89.3 ± 23.5 hours. The maximum concentration and area under the curve for [(14) C]-tivozanib were 12.1 ± 5.67 ng/mL and 1084 ± 417.0 ng·h/mL, respectively. Mean recovery of total radioactivity was 91.0% ± 11.0%; 79.3% ± 8.82% of the radioactivity was recovered in feces both as unchanged tivozanib and metabolites. In the urine, 11.8% ± 4.59% was recovered only as metabolites. No unchanged tivozanib was found in the urine.


CONCLUSIONS
Tivozanib had a long half-life with no major circulating metabolite, was well tolerated as a single dose, and was primarily eliminated via feces with no unchanged tivozanib found in urine. These pharmacokinetic data of [(14) C]-tivozanib are consistent with previous studies of unlabeled tivozanib.
AVEO Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, MA, USACovance Clinical Research Unit, Madison, WI, USACovance Laboratories Inc, Madison, WI, USA.
Monette M
MM
Cotreau
AVEO Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, MA, USACovance Clinical Research Unit, Madison, WI, USACovance Laboratories Inc, Madison, WI, USA.
Christine L
CL
Hale
AVEO Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, MA, USACovance Clinical Research Unit, Madison, WI, USACovance Laboratories Inc, Madison, WI, USA.
Lindsey
L
Jacobson
AVEO Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, MA, USACovance Clinical Research Unit, Madison, WI, USACovance Laboratories Inc, Madison, WI, USA.
Claudine S
CS
Oelke
AVEO Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, MA, USACovance Clinical Research Unit, Madison, WI, USACovance Laboratories Inc, Madison, WI, USA.
Andrew L
AL
Strahs
AVEO Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, MA, USACovance Clinical Research Unit, Madison, WI, USACovance Laboratories Inc, Madison, WI, USA.
Robert G
RG
Kochan
AVEO Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, MA, USACovance Clinical Research Unit, Madison, WI, USACovance Laboratories Inc, Madison, WI, USA.
Madhu
M
Sanga
AVEO Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, MA, USACovance Clinical Research Unit, Madison, WI, USACovance Laboratories Inc, Madison, WI, USA.
William
W
Slichenmyer
AVEO Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, MA, USACovance Clinical Research Unit, Madison, WI, USACovance Laboratories Inc, Madison, WI, USA.
Dennis L
DL
Vargo
absorption; excretion; metabolism; pharmacokinetics; tivozanib