Protocols for In Vitro Propagation, Conservation, Synthetic Seed Production, Embryo Rescue, Microrhizome Production, Molecular Profiling, and Genetic Transformation in Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe.).
Ginger is a rhizomatous plant that belongs to the family Zingiberaceae. It is a herbaceous perennial but cultivated as annual, with crop duration of 7-10 months. Ginger is native to India and Tropical South Asia. The tuberous rhizomes or underground stems of ginger are used as condiment, an aromatic stimulant, and food preservative as well as in traditional medicine. Ginger is propagated vegetatively with rhizome bits as seed material. Cultivation of ginger is plagued by rhizome rot diseases, most of which are mainly spread through infected seed rhizomes. Micropropagation will help in production of disease-free planting material. Sexual reproduction is absent in ginger, making recombinant breeding very impossible. In vitro technology can thus become the preferred choice as it can be utilized for multiplication, conservation of genetic resources, generating variability, gene transfer, molecular tagging, and their utility in crop improvement of these crops.
All India Coordinated Research Project on Spices, Indian Institute of Spices Research, Kozhikode, 673 012, Kerala, India. nirmalbabu30@hotmail.com.
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Nirmal Babu
Central Plantation Crops Research Institute, Kasaragod, 671124, Kerala, India.
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Samsudeen
Providence Women's College, Kozhikode, 673 009, India.
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Divakaran
Centre for Medicinal Plants Research, Arya Vaidya Sala, Kottakkal, Kerala, India.
Geetha S
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Pillai
All India Coordinated Research Project on Spices, Indian Institute of Spices Research, Kozhikode, 673 012, Kerala, India.
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Sumathi
All India Coordinated Research Project on Spices, Indian Institute of Spices Research, Kozhikode, 673 012, Kerala, India.
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Praveen
All India Coordinated Research Project on Spices, Indian Institute of Spices Research, Kozhikode, 673 012, Kerala, India.
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Ravindran
World Noni Research Foundation, Chennai, 600 020, India.
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Peter
D015925:Cryopreservation / Q000379:methods; D003470:Culture Media / Q000378:metabolism; D046508:Culture Techniques / Q000379:methods; D018744:DNA, Plant / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D020939:Zingiber officinale / Q000196:embryology / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development*; D063246:Organogenesis, Plant; D000069600:Plant Breeding / Q000379:methods*; D010937:Plant Growth Regulators / Q000378:metabolism; D030821:Plants, Genetically Modified / Q000196:embryology / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development; D027343:Rhizome / Q000196:embryology / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development*; D012639:Seeds / Q000196:embryology / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development*; D014170:Transformation, Genetic
D003470:Culture Media; D018744:DNA, Plant; D010937:Plant Growth Regulators
Anther culture; Artificial/synthetic seeds; Cryopreservation; Embryo rescue; Ginger; In vitro conservation; Micropropagation; Molecular profiling; Plant regeneration; Protoplast isolation; Somaclonal variation; Somatic embryogenesis; Transgenics; Zingiber officinale