A High-Saturated-Fat, High-Sucrose Diet Aggravates Bone Loss in Ovariectomized Female Rats.
Estrogen deficiency in women and high-saturated fat, high-sucrose (HFS) diets have both been recognized as risk factors for metabolic syndrome. Studies on the combined actions of these 2 detrimental factors on the bone in females are limited.



We sought to determine the interactive actions of estrogen deficiency and an HFS diet on bone properties and to investigate the underlying mechanisms.



Six-month-old Sprague Dawley sham or ovariectomized (OVX) rats were pair fed the same amount of either a low-saturated-fat, low-sucrose (LFS) diet (13% fat calories; 15% sucrose calories) or an HFS diet (42% fat calories; 30% sucrose calories) for 12 wk. Blood, liver, and bone were collected for correspondent parameters measurement.



Ovariectomy decreased bone mineral density in the tibia head (TH) by 62% and the femoral end (FE) by 49% (P < 0.0001). The HFS diet aggravated bone loss in OVX rats by an additional 41% in the TH and 37% in the FE (P < 0.05). Bone loss in the HFS-OVX rats was accompanied by increased urinary deoxypyridinoline concentrations by 28% (P < 0.05). The HFS diet induced cathepsin K by 145% but reduced osteoprotegerin mRNA expression at the FE of the HFS-sham rats by 71% (P < 0.05). Ovariectomy significantly increased peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ mRNA expression by 136% and 170% at the FE of the LFS- and HFS-OVX rats, respectively (P < 0.05). The HFS diet aggravated ovariectomy-induced lipid deposition and oxidative stress (OS) in rat livers (P < 0.05). Trabecular bone mineral density at the FE was negatively correlated with rat liver malondialdehyde concentrations (R(2) = 0.39; P < 0.01).



The detrimental actions of the HFS diet and ovariectomy on bone properties in rats occurred mainly in cancellous bones and were characterized by a high degree of bone resorption and alterations in OS.
Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Food Biological Safety Control, Shenzhen, China; Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong; Shenzhen State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Molecular Pharmacology (Incubation) and.
Xiao-Li
XL
Dong
Shenzhen State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Molecular Pharmacology (Incubation) and College of Light Industry and Food, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China; and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Guangdong Pharmaceutical College, Guangzhou, China.
Chun-Mei
CM
Li
Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Food Biological Safety Control, Shenzhen, China; Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong;
Si-Si
SS
Cao
Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Food Biological Safety Control, Shenzhen, China; Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong;
Li-Ping
LP
Zhou
Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Food Biological Safety Control, Shenzhen, China; Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong; Shenzhen State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Molecular Pharmacology (Incubation) and bcmswong@polyu.edu.hk.
Man-Sau
MS
Wong
D000596:Amino Acids / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001862:Bone Resorption / Q000097:blood / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002118:Calcium / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood; D059305:Diet, High-Fat / Q000009:adverse effects*; D019422:Dietary Sucrose / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D002149:Energy Intake; D004967:Estrogens / Q000097:blood / Q000172:deficiency; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D016014:Linear Models; D015675:Osteocalcin / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D010052:Ovariectomy; D010758:Phosphorus / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
D000596:Amino Acids; D015415:Biomarkers; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D019422:Dietary Sucrose; D004967:Estrogens; D005227:Fatty Acids; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D014280:Triglycerides; D015675:Osteocalcin; D010758:Phosphorus; C036020:deoxypyridinoline; D002118:Calcium
Pparg; bone loss; estrogen deficiency; high-saturated-fat diet; high-sucrose diet; oxidative stress