Effect of transforming growth factor-β3 on mono and multilayer chondrocytes.
Articular cartilage is an avascular and flexible connective tissue found in joints. It produces a cushioning effect at the joints and provides low friction to protect the ends of the bones from wear and tear/damage. It has poor repair capacity and any injury can result pain and loss of mobility. Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β), a cytokine superfamily, regulates cell function, including differentiation and proliferation. Although the function of the TGF-βs in various cell types has been investigated, their function in cartilage repair is as yet not fully understood. The effect of TGF-β3 in biological regulation of primary chondrocyte was investigated in this work. TGF-β3 provided fibroblastic morphology to chondrocytes and therefore overall reduction in cell proliferation was observed. The length of the cells supplemented with TGF-β3 were larger than the cells without TGF-β3 treatment. This was caused by the fibroblast like cells (dedifferentiated chondrocytes) which occupied larger areas compared to cells without TGF-β3 addition. The healing process of the model wound closure assay of chondrocyte multilayer was slowed down by TGF-β3, and this cytokine negatively affected the strength of chondrocyte adhesion to the cell culture surface.
Faculty of Engineering and Informatics, School of Engineering, Medical and Healthcare Technology Department, University of Bradford, Bradford BD7 1DP, UK; Tissue Engineering Group, Chemical Biology and Biomedical Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA.
Farshid
F
Sefat
Faculty of Engineering and Informatics, School of Engineering, Medical and Healthcare Technology Department, University of Bradford, Bradford BD7 1DP, UK. Electronic address: m.youseffi@bradford.ac.uk.
Mansour
M
Youseffi
Faculty of Engineering and Informatics, School of Engineering, Medical and Healthcare Technology Department, University of Bradford, Bradford BD7 1DP, UK.
Seyed Ali
SA
Khaghani
Biosensor and Bioengineering Laboratory, MiNT-SRC Research Centre, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, 86400 Parit Raja, Batu Pahat, Johor, Malaysia.
Chin Fhung
CF
Soon
Department of Pharmacy, School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield HD1 3DH, UK.
Farideh
F
Javid
D000818:Animals; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques; D054337:Cell Dedifferentiation / Q000187:drug effects*; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D019902:Chondrocytes / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D053782:Transforming Growth Factor beta3 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000187:drug effects*
C509046:Tgfb3 protein, rat; D053782:Transforming Growth Factor beta3
Cell length; Cell proliferation; Model wound closure assay; Primary chondrocyte multilayer; TGF-β3