Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii and direct genotyping using minisequencing in free-range pigs in Burkina Faso.
BACKGROUND
Swine are a major source of meat for humans. As such, they can play an important role in the epidemiology of human toxoplasmosis. Therefore, we performed an epidemiological study to determine the prevalence and genotypes of Toxoplasma gondii in Burkina Fasan swine.


METHODS
The prevalence of T. gondii infection was evaluated in a 3-month prospective study at the slaughterhouse of Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso. Anti-Toxoplasma IgG titers were determined on meat juices from pig diaphragms using a commercially available ELISA assay. The DNA was extracted from 25mg of heart biopsies of seropositive animals (IgG ≥50% of the control) and the presence of T. gondii DNA was detected using a quantitative PCR assay. Genotyping was performed directly on DNA from PCR-positive biopsies using high-resolution melting and minisequencing analyses of the repeated B1 gene.


RESULTS
The prevalence of carcasses positive for anti-Toxoplasma IgG was 29% (87/300) with no difference according to sex and age in contrast to the village of origin (p=0.018). Of the 87 seropositive animals, two were PCR positive (parasitic load at 64 and 128 parasites/mg of heart biopsy). Two new genotypes belonging to Type II and Type III and different from the genotypes previously described using minisequencing were identified.


CONCLUSIONS
Our study provides the first T. gondii seroprevalence data in Burkina Fasan swine. In addition, this direct typing method suggests diversity of the T. gondii genotypes circulating in domestic animals in Burkina Faso. This needs to be confirmed on a wider sampling of subjects.
Institut Supérieur des Sciences de la Santé (INSSA), Université Polytechnique de Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso.
Sanata
S
Bamba
JRU BIPAR ENV, ANSES, UPVM, Animal Health Laboratory, Maisons-Alfort, France.
Lénaïg
L
Halos
Institut Supérieur des Sciences de la Santé (INSSA), Université Polytechnique de Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso; Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé (IRSS), Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso.
Zékiba
Z
Tarnagda
Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Groupe hospitalier Saint Louis Lariboisière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Paris, France; Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.
Alexandre
A
Alanio
JRU BIPAR ENV, ANSES, UPVM, Animal Health Laboratory, Maisons-Alfort, France.
Pauline
P
Macé
Laboratoire Cerba, Cergy-Pontoise, France.
Sandrine
S
Moukoury
Institut Supérieur des Sciences de la Santé (INSSA), Université Polytechnique de Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso.
Ibrahim
I
Sangaré
Institut Supérieur des Sciences de la Santé (INSSA), Université Polytechnique de Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso.
Robert
R
Guiguemdé
Laboratoire Cerba, Cergy-Pontoise, France.
Jean-Marc
JM
Costa
Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Groupe hospitalier Saint Louis Lariboisière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Paris, France; Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France. Electronic address: stephane.bretagne@aphp.fr.
Stéphane
S
Bretagne
D000818:Animals; D000913:Antibodies, Protozoan / Q000097:blood*; D000953:Antigens, Protozoan / Q000235:genetics*; D002050:Burkina Faso / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D016266:Food Parasitology; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008460:Meat / Q000469:parasitology; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000662:veterinary; D015995:Prevalence; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016036:Seroepidemiologic Studies; D013552:Swine / Q000469:parasitology*; D014122:Toxoplasma / Q000235:genetics*; D014124:Toxoplasmosis, Animal / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000469:parasitology
D000913:Antibodies, Protozoan; D000953:Antigens, Protozoan; D007074:Immunoglobulin G
AF487550; B1 gene; Burkina Faso; Genotyping; Meat juice; Minisequencing analysis; Pig; Quantitative PCR; Repeated element; Seroprevalence; Toxoplasma gondii