Jellyfish Stings Trigger Gill Disorders and Increased Mortality in Farmed Sparus aurata (Linnaeus, 1758) in the Mediterranean Sea.
Jellyfish are of particular concern for marine finfish aquaculture. In recent years repeated mass mortality episodes of farmed fish were caused by blooms of gelatinous cnidarian stingers, as a consequence of a wide range of hemolytic, cytotoxic, and neurotoxic properties of associated cnidocytes venoms. The mauve stinger jellyfish Pelagia noctiluca (Scyphozoa) has been identified as direct causative agent for several documented fish mortality events both in Northern Europe and the Mediterranean Sea aquaculture farms. We investigated the effects of P. noctiluca envenomations on the gilthead sea bream Sparus aurata by in vivo laboratory assays. Fish were incubated for 8 hours with jellyfish at 3 different densities in 300 l experimental tanks. Gill disorders were assessed by histological analyses and histopathological scoring of samples collected at time intervals from 3 hours to 4 weeks after initial exposure. Fish gills showed different extent and severity of gill lesions according to jellyfish density and incubation time, and long after the removal of jellyfish from tanks. Jellyfish envenomation elicits local and systemic inflammation reactions, histopathology and gill cell toxicity, with severe impacts on fish health. Altogether, these results shows P. noctiluca swarms may represent a high risk for Mediterranean finfish aquaculture farms, generating significant gill damage after only a few hours of contact with farmed S. aurata. Due to the growth of the aquaculture sector and the increased frequency of jellyfish blooms in the coastal waters, negative interactions between stinging jellyfish and farmed fish are likely to increase with the potential for significant economic losses.
Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche ed Ambientali, Università del Salento, Lecce, Italy.|CONISMA, Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Scienze del Mare, Roma, Italy.
Mar
0000-0002-1712-5745
M
Bosch-Belmar
Research group of Oceanography and Plankton, National Agronomic Institute of Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia.
Charaf
C
M'Rabet
Ecole Nationale de Médecine Vétérinaire, Sidi Thabet Ariana, Tunisia.
Raouf
R
Dhaouadi
Institut Supérieur de Pêche et d'Aquaculture-Bizerte, Bizerte, Tunisia.
Mohamed
M
Chalghaf
Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte, Jarzouna, Tunisia.
Mohamed Néjib
MN
Daly Yahia
Institut de Ciències del Mar, ICM-CSIC, Barcelona, Spain.
Verónica
V
Fuentes
Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche ed Ambientali, Università del Salento, Lecce, Italy.|CONISMA, Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Scienze del Mare, Roma, Italy.
Stefano
S
Piraino
Research group of Oceanography and Plankton, National Agronomic Institute of Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia.
Ons
O
Kéfi-Daly Yahia
D000818:Animals; D017756:Aquaculture / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods; D001733:Bites and Stings / Q000150:complications*; D005393:Fish Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005880:Gills / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008522:Mediterranean Sea; D037401:Scyphozoa / Q000502:physiology*; D021541:Sea Bream / Q000502:physiology*; D015996:Survival Rate; D014416:Tunisia