Ultrasonography of Skin Changes in Legs with Chronic Venous Disease.
BACKGROUND
In daily practice, ultrasonography (US) is used only to designate the location and pattern of venous lesions. Skin US is not performed between routine venous investigations.


METHODS
Skin morphology is evaluated by the same probes used for routine Duplex evaluation of superficial veins. US findings from evident skin lesions are comparatively evaluated with those from the surrounding apparently normal skin and from the contralateral leg.


RESULTS
Inflammation and dermal edema can be found in the apparently normal skin of C2 legs. Swollen legs show thickening of the subcutaneous layer as a result of diffuse soaking or anechoic cavities, with or without dermal edema. Chronic hypodermitis is characterized by inflammatory edema in initial phases, and by liposclerosis in advanced cases. Recrudescence of inflammation provokes focal rarefactions of the subcutaneous layer, possibly related to ulcer opening.


CONCLUSIONS
In legs with venous disorders, sonography refines clinical evaluation of the skin and may reveal changes not highlighted by inspection. Some of these changes could require further investigation because they have not yet been explained or described. Skin sonography should improve knowledge of the natural history of skin changes, as well as contribute to a better grading of venous diseases severity In particular, US evidence of cutaneous and subcutaneous changes in C2 legs should be considered to stratify the treatment in C2 legs, by identifying those in which varicose veins are not simply a cosmetic problem.
Department of Anatomy, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy. Electronic address: alberto.caggiati@uniroma1.it.
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Caggiati
D002908:Chronic Disease; D004487:Edema / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D007866:Leg / Q000098:blood supply*; D012867:Skin / Q000473:pathology*; D014463:Ultrasonography / Q000379:methods; D014647:Varicose Ulcer / Q000473:pathology*; D014680:Veins / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D014689:Venous Insufficiency / Q000473:pathology
Lipodermatosclerosis; Skin sonography; Varicose veins; Venous disorders; Venous ulcer