An enzymatic glucose/O2 biofuel cell operating in human blood.
Enzymatic biofuel cells (BFCs) may power implanted medical devices and will rely on the use of glucose and O2 available in human bodily fluids. Other than well-established experiments in aqueous buffer, little work has been performed in whole human blood because it contains numerous inhibiting molecules. Here, we tested our BFCs in 30 anonymized, random and disease-free whole human blood samples. We show that by designing our anodic and cathodic bioelectrocatalysts with osmium based redox polymers and home-made enzymes we could reach a high selectivity and biofunctionnality. After optimization, BFCs generate power densities directly proportional to the glycaemia of human blood and reached a maximum power density of 129µWcm(-2) at 0.38V vs. Ag/AgCl at 8.22mM glucose. This is to our knowledge the highest power density attained so far in human blood and open the way for the powering of integrated medical feedback loops.
CNRS, CRPP, UPR 8641, 33600 Pessac, France; University of Bordeaux, CRPP, UPR 8641, 33600 Pessac, France.
Marine
M
Cadet
CNRS, CRPP, UPR 8641, 33600 Pessac, France; University of Bordeaux, CRPP, UPR 8641, 33600 Pessac, France.
Sébastien
S
Gounel
CNRS, CRPP, UPR 8641, 33600 Pessac, France; University of Bordeaux, CRPP, UPR 8641, 33600 Pessac, France.
Claire
C
Stines-Chaumeil
CNRS, CRPP, UPR 8641, 33600 Pessac, France; University of Bordeaux, CRPP, UPR 8641, 33600 Pessac, France.
Xavier
X
Brilland
CNRS, CRPP, UPR 8641, 33600 Pessac, France; University of Bordeaux, CRPP, UPR 8641, 33600 Pessac, France.
Jad
J
Rouhana
CNRS, CRPP, UPR 8641, 33600 Pessac, France; University of Bordeaux, CRPP, UPR 8641, 33600 Pessac, France.
Frédéric
F
Louerat
CNRS, CRPP, UPR 8641, 33600 Pessac, France; University of Bordeaux, CRPP, UPR 8641, 33600 Pessac, France. Electronic address: mano@crpp-bordeaux.cnrs.fr.
Nicolas
N
Mano
D001674:Bioelectric Energy Sources / Q000382:microbiology; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D004560:Electricity; D004566:Electrodes; D004867:Equipment Design; D042843:Glucose 1-Dehydrogenase / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D020082:Magnaporthe / Q000201:enzymology; D009992:Osmium / Q000737:chemistry; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D044925:Oxidoreductases Acting on CH-CH Group Donors / Q000378:metabolism; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry; D011548:Pseudomonadaceae / Q000201:enzymology
D001786:Blood Glucose; D011108:Polymers; D009992:Osmium; D042843:Glucose 1-Dehydrogenase; D044925:Oxidoreductases Acting on CH-CH Group Donors; C042401:bilirubin oxidase; D010100:Oxygen
Bilirubin oxidases; Biofuel cells; Glucose dehydrogenase; Human blood; Redox hydrogel