Volumetric measurement of rock movement using photogrammetry.
NIOSH ground control safety research program at Spokane, Washington, is exploring applications of photogrammetry to rock mass and support monitoring. This paper describes two ways photogrammetric techniques are being used. First, photogrammetric data of laboratory testing is being used to correlate energy input and support deformation. This information can be used to infer remaining support toughness after ground deformation events. This technique is also demonstrated in a field application. Second, field photogrammetric data is compared to crackmeter data from a deep underground mine. Accuracies were found to average 8 mm, but have produced results within 0.2 mm of true displacement, as measured by crackmeters. Application of these techniques consists of monitoring overall fault activity by monitoring multiple points around the crackmeter. A case study is provided in which a crackmeter is clearly shown to have provided insufficient information regarding overall fault ground deformation. Photogrammetry is proving to be a useful ground monitoring tool due to its unobtrusiveness and ease of use.
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Spokane 99207, USA.
Donovan J
DJ
Benton
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Spokane 99207, USA.
Stephen R
SR
Iverson
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Spokane 99207, USA.
Lewis A
LA
Martin
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Spokane 99207, USA.
Jeffrey C
JC
Johnson
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Spokane 99207, USA.
Michael J
MJ
Raffaldi
Crackmeter; Deep vein mining; Ground control; Monitoring; Photogrammetry; Volume calculation