Neuropsychological Assessment Following Concussion: an Evidence-Based Review of the Role of Neuropsychological Assessment Pre- and Post-Concussion.
Neuropsychological evaluation is one component of a comprehensive and multifaceted assessment following concussion. Although some neuropsychologists use a "hybrid" assessment approach integrating computerized neurocognitive testing batteries with traditional paper and pencil tests, computerized neurocognitive test batteries are the predominant testing modality for assessment of athletes from the youth to professional level. This review summarizes the most recent research supporting the utility of neuropsychological evaluation and highlights the strengths and weaknesses of both computerized and traditional neuropsychological testing approaches. The most up to date research and guidelines on baseline neurocognitive testing is also discussed. This paper addresses concerns regarding reliability of neuropsychological testing while providing an overview of factors that influence test performance, both transient situational factors (e.g., pain level, anxiety) and characteristics of particular subgroups (e.g., age, preexisting learning disabilities), warranting the expertise of an experienced neuropsychologist for interpretation. Currently, research is moving forward by integrating neuropsychological evaluation with emerging assessment approaches for other domains of brain function (e.g., vestibular function) vulnerable to concussion.
UPMC Sports Medicine Concussion Program/Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, 3200 South Water St, Pittsburgh, PA, 15203, USA. akontos@pitt.edu.
Anthony P
AP
Kontos
UPMC Sports Medicine Concussion Program/Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, 3200 South Water St, Pittsburgh, PA, 15203, USA.
Alicia
A
Sufrinko
UPMC Sports Medicine Concussion Program/Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, 3200 South Water St, Pittsburgh, PA, 15203, USA.
Melissa
M
Womble
UPMC Sports Medicine Concussion Program/Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, 3200 South Water St, Pittsburgh, PA, 15203, USA.
Nathan
N
Kegel
D001924:Brain Concussion / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D055317:Evidence-Based Practice; D006801:Humans; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D015203:Reproducibility of Results
Baseline; Computerized assessment battery; Concussion; Neurocognitive tests; Neuropsychological evaluation; Sport