Cereboost™, an American ginseng extract, improves cognitive function via up-regulation of choline acetyltransferase expression and neuroprotection.
In Alzheimer disease (AD), amyloid-beta (Aβ) peptides induce the degeneration of presynaptic cholinergic system, in which decreased activity of enzyme choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) responsible for acetylcholine synthesis is observed. Cereboost™, an extract of American ginseng extract, contains a high concentration of Rb1 ginsenoside which is a well-known ingredient improving human cognitive function. We investigated the effects of Cereboost™ on learning and memory function of mice challenged with an Aβ1-42 peptide and the underlying mechanisms in vitro. Cereboost™ protected against Aβ1-42-induced cytotoxicity in F3.ChAT stem cells, and enhanced the ChAT gene expression. Aβ1-42 injection into the mouse brain impaired the cognitive function, which was recovered by oral administration of Cereboost™. In addition, Cereboost™ restored brain microtubule-associated protein 2 and synaptophysin as well as acetylcholine concentration. The results demonstrate that Cereboost™ administration recovered the cognitive function of AD model animals by enhancing acetylcholine level via ChAT gene expression and neuroprotection.
College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28644, South Korea.
Kyungha
K
Shin
College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28644, South Korea.
Haiyu
H
Guo
College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28644, South Korea.
Yeseul
Y
Cha
College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28644, South Korea.
Young-Hwan
YH
Ban
College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28644, South Korea.
Da Woom
da W
Seo
College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28644, South Korea.
Youngjin
Y
Choi
Anydoctor Healthcare Co., Ltd., Cheonan, Chungnam 31066, South Korea.
Tae-Su
TS
Kim
Anydoctor Healthcare Co., Ltd., Cheonan, Chungnam 31066, South Korea.
Sung-Pyo
SP
Lee
College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, South Korea.
Jong-Choon
JC
Kim
College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28644, South Korea.
Ehn-Kyoung
EK
Choi
College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28644, South Korea. Electronic address: yjm0000@hanmail.net.
Jung-Min
JM
Yon
College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28644, South Korea. Electronic address: solar93@cbu.ac.kr.
Yun-Bae
YB
Kim
D000109:Acetylcholine / Q000378:metabolism*; D000110:Acetylcholinesterase / Q000378:metabolism; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000201:enzymology / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000523:psychology; D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides; D000818:Animals; D001362:Avoidance Learning / Q000187:drug effects; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects*; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology; D002460:Cell Line; D002795:Choline O-Acetyltransferase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D003071:Cognition / Q000187:drug effects*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D058851:GPI-Linked Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D018782:Maze Learning / Q000187:drug effects; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D008869:Microtubule-Associated Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005894:Panax / Q000737:chemistry*; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010946:Plants, Medicinal; D016708:Synaptophysin / Q000378:metabolism; D013997:Time Factors; D014162:Transfection; D015854:Up-Regulation
D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides; C000615592:Cereboost; D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors; D058851:GPI-Linked Proteins; D008869:Microtubule-Associated Proteins; C079240:Mtap2 protein, mouse; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D010936:Plant Extracts; D016708:Synaptophysin; C569015:Syp protein, mouse; C075222:amyloid beta-protein (1-42); D002795:Choline O-Acetyltransferase; D000110:Acetylcholinesterase; C548245:Ache protein, mouse; D000109:Acetylcholine
American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius); Amyloid-beta peptide; Cereboost™; Choline acetyltransferase; Cognitive function; Neuroprotection