Outcomes of different Class II treatments : Comparisons using the American Board of Orthodontics Model Grading System.
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical outcomes of three different Class II treatment modalities followed by fixed orthodontic therapy, using the American Board of Orthodontics Model Grading System (ABO-MGS).


METHODS
As a retrospective study, files of patients treated at postgraduate orthodontic  clinics in different cities in Turkey was randomly selected. From 1684 posttreatment records, 669 patients were divided into three groups: 269 patients treated with extraction of two upper premolars, 198 patients treated with cervical headgear, and 202 patients treated with functional appliances. All the cases were evaluated by one researcher using ABO-MGS. The χ (2), Z test, and multivariate analysis of variance were used for statistical evaluation (p < 0.05).


RESULTS
No significant differences were found among the groups in buccolingual inclination, overjet, occlusal relationship, and root angulation. However, there were significant differences in alignment, marginal ridge height, occlusal contact, interproximal contact measurements, and overall MGS average scores. The mean treatment time between the extraction and functional appliance groups was significantly different (p = 0.017).


CONCLUSIONS
According to total ABO-MGS scores, headgear treatment had better results than functional appliances. The headgear group had better tooth alignment than the extraction group. Headgear treatment resulted in better occlusal contacts than the functional appliances and had lower average scores for interproximal contact measurements. Functional appliances had the worst average scores for marginal ridge height. Finally, the functional appliance group had the longest treatment times.
Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey.
Hatice
H
Akinci Cansunar
Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Izmir Katip Celebi University, Izmir, Turkey. tancan.uysal@ikc.edu.tr.
Tancan
T
Uysal
D000293:Adolescent; D005115:Extraoral Traction Appliances / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008312:Malocclusion, Angle Class II / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy*; D015588:Observer Variation; D017289:Orthodontic Appliances, Functional / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D009970:Orthodontics / Q000592:standards; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care / Q000592:standards*; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D015995:Prevalence; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D014081:Tooth Extraction / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014421:Turkey / Q000453:epidemiology; D014481:United States
Extraoral traction appliances; Functional appliances; Orthodontic appliances; Tooth extraction