Fruit and vegetable intakes, sources and contribution to total diet in very young children (1-4 years): the Irish National Pre-School Nutrition Survey.
Although the importance of fruit and vegetable (F&V) intakes in the prevention of chronic diseases is well established, there are limited data on intakes in very young children. This study estimates F&V intakes and sources and the contribution to the total diet using data from the National Pre-School Nutrition Survey, a nationally representative sample (n 500) of Irish children aged 1-4 years. A 4-d weighed food record was used to collect food intake data. Of 1652 food codes consumed, 740 had a fruit/vegetable component. The percentage of edible fruits and/or vegetables in each food code was calculated. Intakes (g/d), sources (g/d) and the contribution of F&V to the weight of the total diet (%) were estimated, split by age. All children consumed F&V. Intakes of total fruits, in particular fruit juice, increased with age. The contribution to total fruit intake was discrete fruits (47-56 % range across age), 100 % fruit juice, smoothies and pureés (32-45 %) as well as fruits in composite dishes (7-13 %). Total vegetable intake comprised of discrete vegetables (48-62 % range across age) and vegetables in composite dishes (38-52 %). F&V contributed on average 20 % (15 % fruit; 5 % vegetables) to the weight of the total diet and was <10 % in sixty-one children (12 %). F&V contributed 50 % of vitamin C, 53 % of carotene, 34 % of dietary fibre and 42 % of non-milk sugar intakes from the total diet. F&V are important components of the diet of Irish pre-school children; however, some aspects of F&V intake patterns could be improved in this age group.
1School of Food and Nutritional Sciences,University College Cork,Cork,Republic of Ireland.
Laura
L
O'Connor
1School of Food and Nutritional Sciences,University College Cork,Cork,Republic of Ireland.
Janette
J
Walton
1School of Food and Nutritional Sciences,University College Cork,Cork,Republic of Ireland.
Albert
A
Flynn
D001628:Beverages; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004032:Diet; D015930:Diet Records; D004043:Dietary Fiber; D019422:Dietary Sucrose; D002149:Energy Intake; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007494:Ireland; D008297:Male; D009749:Nutrition Surveys; D014675:Vegetables / Q000737:chemistry; D019207:beta Carotene
D004043:Dietary Fiber; D019422:Dietary Sucrose; D019207:beta Carotene
Children; Composite dishes; Dietary intakes; Fruits; Juices; Surveys; Vegetables