Microelectrode Array-evaluation of Neurotoxic Effects of Magnesium as an Implantable Biomaterial.
Magnesium (Mg)-based biomaterials have shown great potential in clinical applications. However, the cytotoxic effects of excessive Mg2+and the corrosion products from Mg-based biomaterials, particularly their effects on neurons, have been little studied. Although viability tests are most commonly used, a functional evaluation is critically needed. Here, both methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assays were used to test the effect of Mg2+and Mg-extract solution on neuronal viability. Microelectrode arrays (MEAs), which provide long-term, real-time recording of extracellular electrophysiological signals of in vitro neuronal networks, were used to test for toxic effects. The minimum effective concentrations (ECmin) of Mg2+from the MTT and LDH assays were 3 mmol/L and 100 mmol/L, respectively, while the ECminobtained from the MEA assay was 0.1 mmol/L. MEA data revealed significant loss of neuronal network activity when the culture was exposed to 25% Mg-extract solution, a concentration that did not affect neuronal viability. For evaluating the biocompatibility of Mg-based biomaterials with neurons, MEA electrophysiological testing is a more precise method than basic cell-viability testing.
Center for Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
Ting
T
Huang
Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA.
Zhonghai
Z
Wang
Center for Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
Lina
L
Wei
Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA; Departments of Neurosciences and Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29466, USA; Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, SC 29403, USA.
Mark
M
Kindy
Center for Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
Yufeng
Y
Zheng
Center for Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Human Tissue Regeneration and Repair, Shenzhen Institute, Peking University, Shenzhen 518057, China.
Tingfei
T
Xi
Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA.
Bruce Z
BZ
Gao
Magnesium; Microelectrode array; Neuroelectrophysiology; Neuron viability; Neuronal network