Explosion and Final State of an Unstable Reissner-Nordström Black Hole.
A Reissner-Nordström black hole (BH) is superradiantly unstable against spherical perturbations of a charged scalar field enclosed in a cavity, with a frequency lower than a critical value. We use numerical relativity techniques to follow the development of this unstable system-dubbed a charged BH bomb-into the nonlinear regime, solving the full Einstein-Maxwell-Klein-Gordon equations, in spherical symmetry. We show that (i) the process stops before all the charge is extracted from the BH, and (ii) the system settles down into a hairy BH: a charged horizon in equilibrium with a scalar field condensate, whose phase is oscillating at the (final) critical frequency. For a low scalar field charge q, the final state is approached smoothly and monotonically. For large q, however, the energy extraction overshoots, and an explosive phenomenon, akin to a bosenova, pushes some energy back into the BH. The charge extraction, by contrast, does not reverse.
Departamento de Astronomía y Astrofísica, Universitat de València, Doctor Moliner 50, 46100, Burjassot (València), Spain.
Nicolas
N
Sanchis-Gual
Instituto de Ciencias Físicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 48-3, 62251 Cuernavaca, Morelos, México.|Departamento de Ciencias Computacionales, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas e Ingeniería, Universidad de Guadalajara Avenida Revolución 1500, Colonia Olímpica C.P. 44430 Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico.
Juan Carlos
JC
Degollado
Max-Planck-Institut für Astrophysik, Karl-Schwarzschild-Strasse 1, 85748 Garching bei München, Germany.
Pedro J
PJ
Montero
Departamento de Astronomía y Astrofísica, Universitat de València, Doctor Moliner 50, 46100, Burjassot (València), Spain.|Observatori Astronòmic, Universitat de València, C/ Catedrático José Beltrán 2, 46980 Paterna (València), Spain.
José A
JA
Font
Departamento de Física da Universidade de Aveiro and CIDMA, Campus de Santiago, 3810-183 Aveiro, Portugal.
Carlos
C
Herdeiro