Compliance With Injury Prevention Measures in Youth Pitchers: Survey of Coaches in Little League of Puerto Rico.
BACKGROUND
Because of the problem of elbow and shoulder injuries in baseball pitchers between 9 and 14 years of age, the USA Baseball Medical & Safety Advisory Committee and the Department of Recreation and Sports in Puerto Rico developed injury prevention guidelines for pitchers. The purpose of this study was to determine the compliance of pitching coaches of 9- to 14-year-old Little League teams in Puerto Rico with the Administrative Order 2006-01 and the USA Baseball guidelines.


OBJECTIVE
(1) The coaches will have a satisfactory level of compliance with the Administrative Order as well as with the USA Baseball guidelines and (2) both the level of education of the coach as well as the years of experience will correlate with the level of compliance.


METHODS
Descriptive cross-sectional study.


METHODS
Level 5.


METHODS
A self-administered questionnaire was developed based on the Administrative Order and on the USA Baseball guidelines. A descriptive univariate analysis was conducted to determine the mean coach compliance with both guidelines. Pearson correlation coefficients were used to describe the correlation between the level of education and the years of experience of the coaches with the level of compliance.


RESULTS
Thirty-five coaches (response rate, 78%) participated in the study. On average, the coaches complied with 70% of the Administrative Order and with 73% of the USA Baseball guidelines. No significant correlations were found.


CONCLUSIONS
The coaches who participated in the study did not reflect a satisfactory level of compliance with the USA Baseball guidelines or with the Administrative Order.


CONCLUSIONS
These findings emphasize the need for reinforcing compliance with the injury prevention guidelines and the need to provide resources and training to coaches to effectively prevent elbow and shoulder injuries in pitchers.
Physical Therapy Program, School of Health Professions, Medical Sciences Campus, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico kristian.pamiasvelazquez@upr.edu.
Kristian J
KJ
Pamias-Velázquez
Physical Therapy Program, School of Health Professions, Medical Sciences Campus, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico.
Mariam M
MM
Figueroa-Negrón
Physical Therapy Program, School of Health Professions, Medical Sciences Campus, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico.
Janiliz
J
Tirado-Crespo
Physical Therapy Program, School of Health Professions, Medical Sciences Campus, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico.
Ana L
AL
Mulero-Portela
D000293:Adolescent; D001265:Athletic Injuries / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D001484:Baseball / Q000293:injuries*; D002648:Child; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D019983:Guideline Adherence / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D000071252:Mentoring; D011647:Puerto Rico / Q000453:epidemiology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D000067009:Youth Sports
Little League; coaches; injury prevention; pitchers