The first report of Anaplasma phagocytophilum and a novel Theileria spp. co-infection in a South African giraffe.
Organisms of the genera Anaplasma and Theileria are important intracellular bacteria and parasites that cause various tick-borne diseases, threatening the health of numerous animals as well as human beings. In the present study, a 12-month-old male wild South African giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis giraffa) originating from South Africa, and living in Zhengzhou Zoo (located in the urban district of Zhengzhou in the provincial capital of Henan), suddenly developed an unknown fatal disease and died 1day after the onset of the clinical signs. By microscopic examination of Giemsa-stained blood smears combined with nested PCR and DNA sequence analysis, Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Anaplasma bovis and a novel Theileria spp. were found in the blood of this giraffe. The six other Cervidae animals in the zoo and three ruminants living in the same colony house with them were found to be negative for both Anaplasma and Theileria in their blood specimens. We report on the first case of an A. phagocytophilum infection and the occurrence of a novel Theileria spp. in the blood of a giraffe. This is the first reported case of a multi-infection of A. bovis, A. phagocytophilum and Theileria spp. in a giraffe, as revealed by microscopic examination of blood smears and the results of nested PCR and DNA sequencing.
College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
Yan
Y
Zhang
Zhengzhou Zoo, Zhengzhou, 450008, China.
Tongyi
T
Li
College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
Yanyan
Y
Cui
College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
Jinhong
J
Wang
College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
Yali
Y
Lv
College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
Rongjun
R
Wang
College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
Fuchun
F
Jian
College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
Longxian
L
Zhang
Zhengzhou Zoo, Zhengzhou, 450008, China.
Jiantang
J
Wang
Zhengzhou Zoo, Zhengzhou, 450008, China.
Guangcheng
G
Yang
College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China. Electronic address: 794241737@qq.com.
Changshen
C
Ning
D000709:Anaplasma / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D041081:Anaplasma phagocytophilum / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D000818:Animals; D000836:Animals, Zoo; D002681:China; D060085:Coinfection / Q000662:veterinary*; D016873:Ehrlichiosis / Q000469:parasitology / Q000662:veterinary*; D017809:Fatal Outcome; D000068276:Giraffes / Q000469:parasitology*; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D016794:Theileria / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D013801:Theileriasis / Q000469:parasitology*
A. bovis; Anaplasma; Anaplasma phagocytophilum; Giraffe; Piroplasms; Theileria