The Systematic Development of an Internet-Based Smoking Cessation Intervention for Adults.
Objectives The objective of this project was to determine whether intervention mapping is a suitable strategy for developing an Internet- and text message-based smoking cessation intervention. Method We used the Intervention Mapping framework for planning health promotion programs. After a needs assessment, we identified important changeable determinants of cessation behavior, specified objectives for the intervention, selected theoretical methods for meeting our objectives, and operationalized change methods into practical intervention strategies. Results We found that "social cognitive theory," the "transtheoretical model/stages of change," "self-regulation theory," and "appreciative inquiry" were relevant theories for smoking cessation interventions. From these theories, we selected modeling/behavioral journalism, feedback, planning coping responses/if-then statements, gain frame/positive imaging, consciousness-raising, helping relationships, stimulus control, and goal-setting as suitable methods for an Internet- and text-based adult smoking cessation program. Furthermore, we identified computer tailoring as a useful strategy for adapting the intervention to individual users. Conclusion The Intervention Mapping method, with a clear link between behavioral goals, theoretical methods, and practical strategies and materials, proved useful for systematic development of a digital smoking cessation intervention for adults.
University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark pd@cancer.dk.
Peter
P
Dalum
University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
Caroline Lyng
CL
Brandt
University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
Lise
L
Skov-Ettrup
University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
Janne
J
Tolstrup
Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands.
Gerjo
G
Kok
D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D006040:Goals; D006293:Health Promotion / Q000458:organization & administration*; D006801:Humans; D020407:Internet; D016730:Program Development / Q000379:methods*; D015397:Program Evaluation; D011582:Psychological Theory; D016540:Smoking Cessation / Q000379:methods*
behavior change theory; cancer prevention and control; cessation; health promotion; health research; program planning and evaluation