Short- and long-term monitoring of underwater sound levels in the Hudson River (New York, USA).
There is a growing body of research on natural and man-made sounds that create aquatic soundscapes. Less is known about the soundscapes of shallow waters, such as in harbors, rivers, and lakes. Knowledge of soundscapes is needed as a baseline against which to determine the changes in noise levels resulting from human activities. To provide baseline data for the Hudson River at the site of the Tappan Zee Bridge, 12 acoustic data loggers were deployed for a 24-h period at ranges of 0-3000 m from the bridge, and four of the data loggers were re-deployed for three months of continuous recording. Results demonstrate that this region of the river is relatively quiet compared to open ocean conditions and other large river systems. Moreover, the soundscape had temporal and spatial diversity. The temporal patterns of underwater noise from the bridge change with the cadence of human activity. Bridge noise (e.g., road traffic) was only detected within 300 m; farther from the bridge, boating activity increased sound levels during the day, and especially on the weekend. Results also suggest that recording near the river bottom produced lower pseudo-noise levels than previous studies that recorded in the river water column.
JASCO Applied Sciences, 32 Troop Avenue, Suite 202, Dartmouth, Nova Scotia B3B 1Z1, Canada.
S Bruce
SB
Martin
Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA.
Arthur N
AN
Popper
D000162:Acoustics / Q000295:instrumentation; D000818:Animals; D001336:Automobiles; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D004867:Equipment Design; D006801:Humans; D009038:Motion; D009519:New York City; D009624:Noise, Transportation / Q000009:adverse effects; D010363:Pattern Recognition, Automated; D011312:Pressure; D011890:Railroads; D045483:Rivers; D012767:Ships; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted; D013016:Sound; D013018:Sound Spectrography; D013997:Time Factors; D014160:Transducers, Pressure; D014867:Water; D014872:Water Movements; D014887:Weather
D014867:Water