Ocular Complications of Diabetes and Therapeutic Approaches.
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease defined by elevated blood glucose (BG). DM is a global epidemic and the prevalence is anticipated to continue to increase. The ocular complications of DM negatively impact the quality of life and carry an extremely high economic burden. While systemic control of BG can slow the ocular complications they cannot stop them, especially if clinical symptoms are already present. With the advances in biodegradable polymers, implantable ocular devices can slowly release medication to stop, and in some cases reverse, diabetic complications in the eye. In this review we discuss the ocular complications associated with DM, the treatments available with a focus on localized treatments, and what promising treatments are on the horizon.
Department of Nutrition & Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
Victoria J
VJ
Vieira-Potter
Department of Cell Biology, Dean McGee Eye Research Institute, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Dean McGee Eye Research Institute, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.
Dimitrios
D
Karamichos
Department of Ophthalmology, Dean McGee Eye Research Institute, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dean McGee Eye Research Institute, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.
Darren J
DJ
Lee
D001786:Blood Glucose; D048909:Diabetes Complications / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D003930:Diabetic Retinopathy / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy; D005123:Eye / Q000473:pathology; D005901:Glaucoma / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000378:metabolism; D008269:Macular Edema / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy; D011788:Quality of Life; D012307:Risk Factors
D001786:Blood Glucose; D007328:Insulin