Environmental impact of an Italian wine bottle: Carbon and water footprint assessment.
The food sector represents one of the major impacting sectors from an environmental point of view and, among all the products, wine emerges as one of the most studied by the literature. Single-issue approaches are commonly used, but a more comprehensive analysis is desirable, since a single indicator does not properly track the pressure on the environment. This paper presents a combined carbon and water footprint assessment, with a cradle to grave approach, for a protected designation of origin Italian red wine, and suggests a correlation among the two indicators across the life cycle phases. A total CF equal to 1.07±0.09kgCO2eq/bottle and a total WF equal to 580±30l/bottle were calculated for the studied product and a direct proportionality was found between the total CF and the sum of WFgrey(indirect) and WFblue.
Department of Engineering, University of Perugia, Via G. Duranti, 67, 06125 Perugia, Italy. Electronic address: emanuele.bonamente@unipg.it.
Emanuele
E
Bonamente
Department of Engineering, University of Perugia, Via G. Duranti, 67, 06125 Perugia, Italy. Electronic address: scrucca.unipg@ciriaf.it.
Flavio
F
Scrucca
Department of Engineering, University of Perugia, Via G. Duranti, 67, 06125 Perugia, Italy.
Sara
S
Rinaldi
Department of Engineering, University of Perugia, Via G. Duranti, 67, 06125 Perugia, Italy.
Maria Cleofe
MC
Merico
Department of Engineering, University of Roma Tre, Via V. Volterra, 62, 00146 Rome, Italy.
Francesco
F
Asdrubali
Istituto di Chimica Agraria ed Ambientale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 29100 Piacenza, Italy.
Lucrezia
L
Lamastra
D058572:Carbon Footprint; D003247:Conservation of Natural Resources; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D005898:Glass; D014866:Waste Products / Q000032:analysis*
D014866:Waste Products
Carbon footprint; Environmental sustainability; Life Cycle Assessment (LCA); Water footprint; Wine industry