Effect of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi on the Growth and Polyphenol Profile of Marjoram, Lemon Balm, and Marigold.
The aim of this study is to examine the effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) colonization on biomass, polyphenol profile, and content of economically important herbs. A pot experiment was performed with marjoram, lemon balm, and marigold applying a commercially available AMF mixture for inoculation. Major polyphenols were identified using HPLC-UV-ESI-qTOFMS on the basis of their UV-vis and mass spectral characteristics, and selected ones were quantified. We showed that AMF can provide different services for each herb. Marjoram had the highest level of fungal colonization (82 M%) followed by lemon balm (62 M%) and marigold (17 M%). AMF inoculation significantly increased the biomass of marjoram (1.5-fold), the number of marigold flowers (1.2-fold), and the yield of rosmarinic acid and lithospermic acid isomers of marjoram (1.5-fold) and lemon balm (1.2-fold). Therefore, the quantity and quality of plant material could be improved by the application of optimized AMF inoculum.
MTA Centre for Ecological Research, Institute of Ecology and Botany, Alkotmány út 2-4, Vácrátót H-2163, Hungary.
Rita
R
Engel
MTA Centre for Ecological Research, Institute of Ecology and Botany, Alkotmány út 2-4, Vácrátót H-2163, Hungary.
Krisztina
K
Szabó
Faculty of Food Science, Department of Applied Chemistry, Szent István University , Villányi út 29-43, Budapest H-1118, Hungary.
László
L
Abrankó
Faculty of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics , Műegyetem rkp. 3, Budapest H-1111, Hungary.
Kata
K
Rendes
MTA Centre for Agricultural Research, Institute for Soil Sciences and Agricultural Chemistry , Herman Ottó út 15, Budapest H-1022, Hungary.
Anna
A
Füzy
MTA Centre for Agricultural Research, Institute for Soil Sciences and Agricultural Chemistry , Herman Ottó út 15, Budapest H-1022, Hungary.
Tünde
T
Takács
D020838:Calendula / Q000254:growth & development*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D031334:Melissa / Q000254:growth & development*; D038821:Mycorrhizae / Q000502:physiology*; D031341:Origanum / Q000254:growth & development*; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization; D013056:Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet
Calendula officinalis; Melissa officinalis; Origanum majorana; arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi; polyphenol