Correlation of visceral adiposity index with chronic kidney disease in the People's Republic of China: to rediscover the new clinical potential of an old indicator for visceral obesity.
OBJECTIVE
To validate the association between visceral obesity and pathogenesis of chronic kidney disease (CKD) among individuals aged 40 years and above, and the potential of visceral adiposity index (VAI) to predict CKD.


METHODS
This study was based on a cross-sectional epidemiologic study in the People's Republic of China. A total of 1,581 residents aged over 40 years were included and divided into four groups based on VAI quartile intervals, namely, Groups I, II, III, and IV (eg, Group I included patients with their VAIs in the lowest quartile). Logistic regression analysis was performed.


RESULTS
VAI is positively correlated with the albumin-to-creatinine ratio and the prevalence of CKD (P<0.001), and is inversely related to estimated glomerular filtration rate (P<0.001). Using Group I as control, odds ratios (ORs) were calculated to quantify the risk of developing CKD as VAI increased (Group II 1.08 [P>0.05], Group III 1.57 [P<0.05], Group IV 2.31 [P<0.001]). Related factors like age and sex were normalized in the logistic model before calculation. ORs became 1.16 (P>0.05), 1.59 (P<0.05), and 2.14 (P<0.05), respectively, for each group after further normalization considering smoking, drinking, physical activity, education, and the history of hypertension, coronary heart disease, and diabetes. The same results were not observed after fasting blood glucose and blood pressure levels were included in the normalization. There was no significant difference in the ORs for different groups: 0.94 (P>0.05), 1.11 (P<0.05), and 1.68 (P>0.05), respectively.


CONCLUSIONS
VAI is highly correlated with the prevalence of CKD in the population aged 40 years and above. It can be used to predict the pathogenesis of CKD, which is dependent on fasting blood glucose and blood pressure levels.
Department of Nephrology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
Xiaomeng
X
Xu
Blood Purification Center, The Third Hospital of Zhengzhou, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
Yan
Y
Zhao
Department of Nephrology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
Zhihong
Z
Zhao
Department of Nephrology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
Shuangshuang
S
Zhu
Department of Nephrology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
Xinyu
X
Liu
Department of Nephrology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
Chaomin
C
Zhou
Department of Nephrology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
Xiaofei
X
Shao
Department of Nephrology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
Yan
Y
Liang
Department of Biostatistics, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
Chongyang
C
Duan
Centre for BioAnalytical Sciences, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland.
Harry
H
Holthöfer
Department of Nephrology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
Hequn
H
Zou
chronic kidney disease; visceral adiposity index; visceral obesity