Photosynthesis-related characteristics of the midrib and the interveinal lamina in leaves of the C3-CAM intermediate plant Mesembryanthemum crystallinum.
Leaf veins are usually encircled by specialized bundle sheath cells. In C4 plants, they play an important role in CO2 assimilation, and the photosynthetic activity is compartmentalized between the mesophyll and the bundle sheath. In C3 and CAM (Crassulacean acid metabolism) plants, the photosynthetic activity is generally attributed to the leaf mesophyll cells, and the vascular parenchymal cells are rarely considered for their role in photosynthesis. Recent studies demonstrate that enzymes required for C4 photosynthesis are also active in the veins of C3 plants, and their vascular system contains photosynthetically competent parenchyma cells. However, our understanding of photosynthesis in veins of C3 and CAM plants still remains insufficient. Here spatial analysis of photosynthesis-related properties were applied to the midrib and the interveinal lamina cells in leaves of Mesembryanthemum crystallinum, a C3-CAM intermediate plant.



The midrib anatomy as well as chloroplast structure and chlorophyll fluorescence, diurnal gas exchange profiles, the immunoblot patterns of PEPC (phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase) and RubisCO (ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase), H2O2 localization and antioxidant enzyme activities were compared in the midrib and in the interveinal mesophyll cells in leaves of C3 and CAM plants.



Leaf midribs were structurally competent to perform photosynthesis in C3 and CAM plants. The midrib chloroplasts resembled those in the bundle sheath cells of C4 plants and were characterized by limited photosynthetic activity.



The metabolic roles of midrib chloroplasts differ in C3 and CAM plants. It is suggested that in leaves of C3 plants the midrib chloroplasts could be involved in the supply of CO2 for carboxylation, and in CAM plants they could provide malate to different metabolic processes and mediate H2O2 signalling.
Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Łódź, Poland.
Elżbieta
E
Kuźniak
Institute of Biology, Pedagogical University, Podchorążych 2, 30-084 Kraków, Poland.
Andrzej
A
Kornas
Department of Cytophysiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Łódź, Poland.
Andrzej
A
Kaźmierczak
Institute of Environmental Science, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7a, 30-387 Kraków, Poland, Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 21, 30-239 Kraków, Poland.
Piotr
P
Rozpądek
Institute of Biology, Pedagogical University, Podchorążych 2, 30-084 Kraków, Poland.
Michał
M
Nosek
Institute of Biology, Jan Kochanowski University, Świętokrzyska 15, 25-406 Kielce, Poland.
Maciej
M
Kocurek
Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Graz, Schubertstrasse 51, A-8010 Graz, Austria and.
Günther
G
Zellnig
Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Graz, Schubertstrasse 51, A-8010 Graz, Austria and.
Maria
M
Müller
Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 21, 30-239 Kraków, Poland, Małopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7a, 30-387 Kraków, Poland zbigniew.miszalski@uj.edu.pl.
Zbigniew
Z
Miszalski
D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D060387:Ascorbate Peroxidases / Q000378:metabolism; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000378:metabolism; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D002473:Cell Wall / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D002734:Chlorophyll / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D002736:Chloroplasts / Q000648:ultrastructure; D005936:Glucans / Q000378:metabolism; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000378:metabolism; D008031:Lignin / Q000378:metabolism; D035723:Mesembryanthemum / Q000502:physiology*; D010730:Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxylase / Q000378:metabolism; D010788:Photosynthesis / Q000502:physiology*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D012273:Ribulose-Bisphosphate Carboxylase / Q000378:metabolism
D000975:Antioxidants; D005936:Glucans; D010940:Plant Proteins; D002734:Chlorophyll; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D008031:Lignin; C048306:callose; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D060387:Ascorbate Peroxidases; D002374:Catalase; D010730:Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxylase; D012273:Ribulose-Bisphosphate Carboxylase
Antioxidant enzymes; Mesembryanthemum crystallinum; chloroplast structure; gas exchange; interveinal lamina tissues; midrib; photosynthetic/photochemical activity