The simultaneous control of hyperglycemia and GLP-1 infusion normalize endothelial function in type 1 diabetes.
BACKGROUND
To test the effect of normoglycemia and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), alone or in combination, on the possible normalization of endothelial function in type 1 diabetes.


METHODS
Fifteen people with type 1 diabetes participated in three experiments: reaching and maintaining normoglycemia for 4h; reaching and maintaining hyperglycemia plus GLP-1 infusion for 4h; and reaching and maintaining normoglycemia for 4h with simultaneous infusion of GLP-1.


RESULTS
Both normoglycemia and GLP-1 infusion restored endothelial function and decreased and plasma 8-iso prostaglandin F2α levels. However, only the combination of normoglycemia and GLP-1 was able to normalize endothelial function.


CONCLUSIONS
This study confirms that long-lasting hyperglycemia in type 1 diabetes induces a permanent alteration which contributes to maintaining endothelial dysfunction even when glycemia is normalized, and that in the presence of normoglycemia, GLP-1 can contribute to normalizing endothelial function.
Institut d' Investigación Biomédiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomedica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabolicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain. Electronic address: aceriell@clinic.ub.es.
Antonio
A
Ceriello
Institut d' Investigación Biomédiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.
Valeria
V
De Nigris
Institut d' Investigación Biomédiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.
Gemma
G
Pujadas
Institut d' Investigación Biomédiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomedica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabolicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS Gruppo Multimedica, Sesto San Giovanni (MI), Italy.
Lucia
L
La Sala
Scientific Direction, INRCA, Ancona, Italy.
Anna Rita
AR
Bonfigli
Experimental Models in Clinical Pathology, INRCA-IRCCS National Institute, Ancona, Italy.
Roberto
R
Testa
Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS Gruppo Multimedica, Sesto San Giovanni (MI), Italy.
Annachiara
A
Uccellatore
Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS Gruppo Multimedica, Sesto San Giovanni (MI), Italy.
Stefano
S
Genovese
D000328:Adult; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy*; D015237:Dinoprost / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000378:metabolism; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006801:Humans; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000517:prevention & control*; D007263:Infusions, Parenteral; D008297:Male; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D014652:Vascular Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control; D055815:Young Adult
D001786:Blood Glucose; C075750:8-epi-prostaglandin F2alpha; D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1; D015237:Dinoprost
Endothelial function; GLP-1; Metabolic memory; Oxidative stress; Type 1 diabetes