Mechanoresponsive musculoskeletal tissue differentiation of adipose-derived stem cells.
Musculoskeletal tissues are constantly under mechanical strains within their microenvironment. Yet, little is understood about the effect of in vivo mechanical milieu strains on cell development and function. Thus, this review article outlines the in vivo mechanical environment of bone, muscle, cartilage, tendon, and ligaments, and tabulates the mechanical strain and stress in these tissues during physiological condition, vigorous, and moderate activities. This review article further discusses the principles of mechanical loading platforms to create physiologically relevant mechanical milieu in vitro for musculoskeletal tissue regeneration. A special emphasis is placed on adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) as an emerging valuable tool for regenerative musculoskeletal tissue engineering, as they are easily isolated, expanded, and able to differentiate into any musculoskeletal tissue. Finally, it highlights the current state-of-the art in ADSCs-guided musculoskeletal tissue regeneration under mechanical loading.
Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, 43606, USA.
Andrew
A
Trumbull
Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, 43606, USA.
Gayathri
G
Subramanian
Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, 43606, USA. eda.yildirimayan@utoledo.edu.|Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Toledo Medical Center, Toledo, OH, 43614, USA. eda.yildirimayan@utoledo.edu.
Eda
E
Yildirim-Ayan
D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000166:cytology*; D000818:Animals; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000166:cytology* / Q000502:physiology; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D006801:Humans; D055595:Mechanical Phenomena; D009132:Muscles / Q000166:cytology* / Q000502:physiology; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology*
Adipose-derived stem cells; Biomechanics; Bone; Cartilage; Differentiation; Ligaments; Mechanical strain; Mechanobiology; Muscle; Musculoskeletal tissue; Tendon; Tissue engineering