Cephalometric risk factors associated with myocardial infarction in patients suffering from obstructive sleep apnea: A pilot case-control study.
BACKGROUND
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and its craniofacial anatomic risk factors might play a role in several cardiovascular diseases, including myocardial infarction (MI). However, there are no data about cephalometric findings among OSA patients with MI.


METHODS
In this pilot case-control study, about 2000 individuals referred to the sleep center were evaluated according to apnea - hypopnea index (AHI) and other inclusion criteria. Included were 62 OSA male patients (AHI > 10), of whom 6 had an MI history. In both control (n = 56) and MI groups (n = 6), 18 cephalometric parameters were traced. Data were analyzed using independent samples t-test.


RESULTS
Compared with control OSA patients, OSA patients with MI showed a significantly larger tongue length (p = 0.015). The other cephalometric variables were not significantly different between the two groups.


CONCLUSIONS
An elongated tongue might be considered a risk factor for MI in OSA patients. The role of other variables remains inconclusive and open to investigation with larger samples (determined based on pilot studies such as this report) collected in longitudinal fashion.
a Craniomaxillofacial Research Center, Shariati Hospital , Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran.|b Craniomaxillofacial Surgery Research Center , Dental Branch, Islamic Azad University , Tehran , Iran.
Zeinab
Z
Davoudmanesh
a Craniomaxillofacial Research Center, Shariati Hospital , Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran.|c Dental Faculty, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery , Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran.
Mohamad
M
Bayat
a Craniomaxillofacial Research Center, Shariati Hospital , Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran.|c Dental Faculty, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery , Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran.
Mohsen
M
Abbasi
d Iranian Tissue Engineering and Graft Research Center , Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran.|e Department of Dental Anatomy and Morphology , Dental Branch, Islamic Azad University , Tehran , Iran.
Vahid
V
Rakhshan
a Craniomaxillofacial Research Center, Shariati Hospital , Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran.
Mahsa
M
Shariati
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015992:Body Mass Index; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002508:Cephalometry / Q000379:methods*; D005147:Facial Bones / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology; D009970:Orthodontics; D012307:Risk Factors; D012890:Sleep; D020181:Sleep Apnea, Obstructive / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013515:Surgery, Oral; D014059:Tongue / Q000473:pathology
Cephalometric analysis; Maxillofacial surgery; Myocardial infarction; Obstructive sleep apnea; Orthodontics