An integrative review of the factors related to building age-friendly rural communities.
OBJECTIVE
To identify the theories and concepts related to building age-friendly rural communities.


BACKGROUND
Global population is rapidly ageing. Creating environments that support active ageing was a catalyst for the World Health Organization to develop Global Age-Friendly Cities guidelines. Although the age-friendly movement has captured the attention of some countries, little is known about the participation of older people in rural settings.


METHODS
An integrative review approach was employed to summarise the research literature on this topic. Using a systematic search strategy, databases including Discover (EBSCO's electronic database system), Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Medline and Google Scholar were searched. Primary, peer-reviewed studies were included if published during 2007-2014 in the English language.


RESULTS
Nine studies were eligible for inclusion. The studies were set predominantly in Canada, with the exception of one from Ireland. The findings were summarised and clustered into main topics which included: theoretical perspectives; geographic and demographic characteristics; collaboration and partnerships; sustainability and capacity; and finally, future research agendas.


CONCLUSIONS
Rural communities are changing rapidly and are becoming increasingly diverse environments. Community characteristics can help or hinder age-friendliness. Importantly, the fundamental starting point for age-friendly initiatives is establishing older peoples' perceptions of their own communities.


CONCLUSIONS
It is important for nurses, working in primary health care settings, to understand the needs of older people in the communities in which they practice. This includes the community characteristics that can be enablers and barriers to older people being able to remain and age within their own communities.
Department of Nursing, AUT University, Auckland, New Zealand. sneville@aut.ac.nz.
Stephen
S
Neville
UNITEC, Auckland, New Zealand.
Sara
S
Napier
SHORE & Whariki Research Centre, Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand.
Jeffery
http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3052-5249
J
Adams
Institute Food, Nutrition and Human Health, Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand.
Carol
C
Wham
Faculty of Health & Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK.
Debra
D
Jackson
D000368:Aged; D003152:Community Health Nursing; D006299:Health Services for the Aged; D006801:Humans; D011320:Primary Health Care; D012424:Rural Population
active ageing; age-friendly cities; age-friendly communities; ageing-in-place; literature review; rural