Fluoride Rinses, Gels and Foams: An Update of Controlled Clinical Trials.
The aim of this conference paper was to systematically review the quality of evidence and summarize the findings of clinical trials published after 2002 using fluoride mouth rinses, fluoride gels or foams for the prevention of dental caries.



Relevant papers were selected after an electronic search for literature published in English between 2003 and 2014. The included papers were assessed for their risk of bias and the results were narratively synthesized due to study heterogeneity. The quality of evidence was expressed according to GRADE.



A total of 19 papers were included (6 on fluoride mouth rinse, 10 on fluoride gel and 3 on fluoride foam); 6 had a low risk of bias while 2 had a moderate risk. All fluoride measures appeared to be beneficial in preventing crown caries and reversing root caries, but the quality of evidence was graded as low for fluoride mouth rinse, moderate for fluoride gel and very low for acidulated fluoride foam. No conclusions could be drawn on the cost-effectiveness.



This review, covering the recent decade, has further substantiated the evidence for a caries-preventive effect of fluoride mouth rinse, fluoride gel and foam, previously established in systematic reviews. The lack of clinical trials free from bias is, however, still a concern, especially for fluoride mouth rinses and fluoride foam. There is also a scientific knowledge gap on the benefit and optimal use of these fluoride supplements in combination with daily tooth brushing with fluoride toothpaste.
Department of Odontology, School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Svante
S
Twetman
Mette K
MK
Keller
D000375:Aging; D015982:Bias; D018849:Controlled Clinical Trials as Topic; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D003731:Dental Caries / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000628:therapy*; D055094:Evidence-Based Dentistry / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005459:Fluorides / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005460:Fluorides, Topical / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D005782:Gels; D006801:Humans; D009067:Mouthwashes / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D010710:Phosphates / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017213:Root Caries / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000628:therapy*; D014070:Tooth / Q000187:drug effects; D014099:Toothbrushing
D005460:Fluorides, Topical; D005782:Gels; D009067:Mouthwashes; D010710:Phosphates; C012980:fluorophosphate; D005459:Fluorides