Both sides of the story: Exploring how improved and less-improved participants experience mindfulness-based stress reduction for social anxiety disorder.
What works for whom in mindfulness-based group interventions for social anxiety disorder (SAD)? The present article compared the experiences of 14 participants in a clinical study of mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) for young adults with SAD.



A two-staged mixed methods design was used to identify the participants who reported the highest (n = 7) and lowest (n = 7) levels of symptomatic change on outcome measures after treatment, and analyze qualitative in-depth interviews to explore what they experienced as helpful and unhelpful during the MBSR program. The qualitative interviews were analyzed using a thematic analysis methodology.



We identified the global theme of (i) Discovering agency to change or not feeling empowered through the MBSR program, and four sub-themes: (ii) Forming an active commitment or feeling ambivalence toward learning mindfulness, (iii) Engaging with others or avoiding contact with the group, (iv) Using the mindfulness exercises to approach or resigning when facing unpleasant experiences, and (v) Using the course to break interpersonal patterns or remaining stuck in everyday life.



MBSR may be helpful for young adults with SAD, although it may be important to match clients to their preferred form of treatment.
a Department of Clinical Psychology , University of Bergen , Bergen , Norway.
Aslak
A
Hjeltnes
b District General Hospital of Førde , Førde , Norway.
Christian
C
Moltu
a Department of Clinical Psychology , University of Bergen , Bergen , Norway.
Elisabeth
E
Schanche
a Department of Clinical Psychology , University of Bergen , Bergen , Norway.
Ylva
Y
Jansen
a Department of Clinical Psychology , University of Bergen , Bergen , Norway.
Per-Einar
PE
Binder
D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D064866:Mindfulness / Q000379:methods*; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care / Q000379:methods*; D000071066:Patient Reported Outcome Measures; D000072861:Phobia, Social / Q000628:therapy*; D011615:Psychotherapy, Group / Q000379:methods*; D036301:Qualitative Research; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000628:therapy*; D055815:Young Adult
mindfulness-based stress reduction; mixed methods; qualitative helpful factors design; social anxiety disorder; treatment failure; young adults