Spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia with neurodegeneration associated with AIFM1 mutation - a novel phenotype of the mitochondrial disease.
In 1999, based on a single family, spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia (SEMD) with mental retardation (MR) was described as a novel syndrome with probably X-linked recessive inheritance and unknown molecular defect (MIM 300232). Our purpose was to search for the causative defect in the originally described family and in an independently ascertained second family. All patients had slowly progressive neurodegeneration with central and peripheral involvement and identical skeletal dysplasia. Whole exome sequencing performed in two subjects showed a single plausible candidate - the p.Asp237Gly variant in AIFM1 (chr. Xq26.1). The p.Asp237Gly segregated with disease as indicated by linkage analysis [maximum logarithm of odds score (LOD) score at theta 0 for the two families was 3.359]. This variant had not been previously reported and it was predicted to be pathogenic by Polyphen2, SIFT, MutationTaster and Mutation Assessor. AIFM1 encodes mitochondria associated apoptosis-inducing factor. The AIFM1 gene has been linked with COXPD6 encephalomyopathy (MIM 300816), Cowchock syndrome (MIM 310490) and X-linked deafness with neuropathy (DFNX5, MIM 300614), none of which are similar to SEMD-MR. Our results place SEMD as the third instance of a skeletal phenotype associated with a mitochondrial disease (the others being EVEN-PLUS syndrome caused by mutations of HSPA9 and CODAS syndrome due to LONP1 mutations).
Department of Child and Adolescent Neurology, Institute of Mother and Child, Warsaw, Poland.
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H
Mierzewska
Department of Medical Genetics, Warsaw Medical University, Warsaw, Poland.
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M
Rydzanicz
Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital - Research Institute, Lodz, Poland.
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T
Biegański
Department of Medical Genetics, Warsaw Medical University, Warsaw, Poland.
J
J
Kosinska
Department of Pediatric Anesthesiology and Intensive Therapy, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
M
M
Mierzewska-Schmidt
Department of Genetics, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Warsaw, Poland.
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A
Ługowska
Department of Genetics, Institute of Physiology and Pathology of Hearing, Warsaw, Poland.
A
A
Pollak
Department of Medical Genetics, Warsaw Medical University, Warsaw, Poland.|Department of Genetics, Institute of Physiology and Pathology of Hearing, Warsaw, Poland.
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P
Stawiński
Department of Medical Genetics, Warsaw Medical University, Warsaw, Poland.
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A
Walczak
Department of Medical Genetics, Warsaw Medical University, Warsaw, Poland.
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A
Kędra
Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Mother and Child, Warsaw, Poland.
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E
Obersztyn
Department of Child and Adolescent Neurology, Institute of Mother and Child, Warsaw, Poland.
E
E
Szczepanik
Department of Medical Genetics, Warsaw Medical University, Warsaw, Poland.
R
R
Płoski
D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D051033:Apoptosis Inducing Factor / Q000235:genetics*; D001483:Base Sequence; D059472:Exome / Q000235:genetics; D005192:Family Health; D005260:Female; D040181:Genetic Diseases, X-Linked / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D028361:Mitochondrial Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics*; D009154:Mutation; D019636:Neurodegenerative Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics*; D010009:Osteochondrodysplasias / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics*; D010375:Pedigree; D010641:Phenotype; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA / Q000379:methods; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D013577:Syndrome
C494829:AIFM1 protein, human; D051033:Apoptosis Inducing Factor
AIFM1 gene; hypomyelination; mitochondrial disorders; novel AIFM1-associated phenotype; p.Asp237Gly mutation; spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia with mental retardation