The league of extraordinary generalists: a qualitative study of professional identity and perceptions of role of GPs working on a national after hours helpline in Australia.
BACKGROUND
Telephone triage and advice services (TTAS) have become commonplace in western health care systems particularly as an aid to patient access and demand management in the after hours period. In 2011 an after hours general practitioner (GP) helpline was established as a supplementary service to existing 24-h nurse-TTAS in Australia. Callers to the service in the after hours period who are triaged by a nurse as needing to see a GP immediately or within 24 h may speak with a GP on the line to obtain further assessment and advice. While much research has been undertaken on the roles of nurses in TTAS and the professional identities and attitudes to new technology of community-based GPs, little is known of the perceptions of role and identity of GPs providing after hours advice on primary care helplines. This qualitative study explored the perceptions of professional identity and role, motivations and contributions to the health system of GPs employed on the Australian afterhours GP helpline in 2011-2013.


METHODS
The study took a phenomenographic approach seeking to understand the essence of being a telephone GP, probing professional identity while also exploring role tensions. Twelve GPs, or 15% of the helpline GP workforce participated in the qualitative study.


RESULTS
The GPs experienced both personal and professional benefits and believed they were strengthening patient care and the Australian health system. However the role required a re-alignment of practice that challenged professional autonomy, the doctor-patient relationship and commitment to continuity of care. Some GPs made this role realignment more readily than others and were well suited to the helpline role. There was a strong collegial bond amongst the helpline GPs which facilitated the maintenance of professional autonomy.


CONCLUSIONS
Telephone GP assessment and advice does not demonstrate the same breadth as face-to-face practice and provides little opportunity for continuity of care, but this has not prevented those performing the role from identifying as a new form of generalist. The establishment of an after hours GP helpline in Australia has seen the emergence of a new generalist primary care identity as telehealth innovators.
Centre for Health Policy, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia. r.mckenzie@unimelb.edu.au.
Rosemary
R
McKenzie
Centre for Health Policy, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia.
Michelle
M
Williamson
D057179:Advanced Practice Nursing / Q000379:methods; D039602:After-Hours Care / Q000379:methods*; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D001315:Australia; D003266:Continuity of Patient Care; D005260:Female; D058006:General Practice / Q000379:methods*; D058005:General Practitioners / Q000523:psychology; D015277:Hotlines; D006801:Humans; D007400:Interprofessional Relations; D008297:Male; D009726:Nurses / Q000523:psychology; D010819:Physician's Role; D010817:Physician-Patient Relations; D011320:Primary Health Care / Q000458:organization & administration; D036301:Qualitative Research; D017216:Telemedicine / Q000379:methods*; D013689:Telephone; D014218:Triage / Q000379:methods; D000072358:Work-Life Balance
Australia; GP identity; Generalists after hours care; Telephone triage