Pressure on oxygen levels of Jakarta Bay.
Jakarta Bay is subject to inputs of large amounts of dissolved inorganic nutrients and organic matter deriving from the Jakarta Metropolitan Area and its hinterland. As a consequence, inorganic and organic nutrient concentrations in the nearshore area are considerably increased. The hydrographic pattern inside the bay fosters phytoplankton bloom formation due to pronounced vertical density gradients. High Biomass Blooms (HBB) of phytoplankton are observed recurrently, representing an additional source for oxygen consuming degradable organic matter. An oxygen deficiency area of 20km(2) can be identified in the eastern part of Jakarta Bay where oxygen levels decrease to 60% saturation, equaling a noxiously low concentration of 4.0mg·dm(-3) O2. The absolute minimum detected was 51% O2 or 3.2mg·dm(-3) O2. The observed oxygen concentrations fail Indonesian quality standards for seawater.
Forschungs- und Technologiezentrum Westküste, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Hafentörn 1, D-25761 Büsum, Germany. Electronic address: office@ftz-west.uni-kiel.de.
Norbert
N
Ladwig
Forschungs- und Technologiezentrum Westküste, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Hafentörn 1, D-25761 Büsum, Germany.
Karl-J
KJ
Hesse
Forschungs- und Technologiezentrum Westküste, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Hafentörn 1, D-25761 Büsum, Germany.
Simon A
SA
van der Wulp
Department of Aquatic Resources Management, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences/Centre for Coastal and Marine Resources Studies, Bogor Agricultural University (IPB), Kampus IPB Darmaga, Bogor 16680, Indonesia.
Ario
A
Damar
Forschungs- und Technologiezentrum Westküste, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Hafentörn 1, D-25761 Büsum, Germany.
Daniela
D
Koch
D061006:Bays / Q000737:chemistry*; D057919:Biological Oxygen Demand Analysis; D018533:Biomass; D005068:Eutrophication; D007214:Indonesia; D010100:Oxygen / Q000032:analysis*; D010839:Phytoplankton / Q000254:growth & development*; D012623:Seawater / Q000737:chemistry*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*
D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D010100:Oxygen
Eutrophication; Jakarta Bay; Nutrients; Oxygen deficiency; Phytoplankton