Current medical management of endocrine-related male infertility.
Male factor contributes to 50%-60% of overall infertility but is solely responsible in only 20% of couples. Although most male factor infertility is ascertained from an abnormal semen analysis, other male factors can be contributory especially if the sample returns normal. Male infertility can be due to identifiable hormonal or anatomical etiologies that may be reversible or irreversible. This manuscript will highlight existing guidelines and our recommendations for hormone evaluation for male infertility and empiric therapies including multivitamins, estrogen receptor modulators (clomiphene), estrogen conversion blockers (anastrozole), and hormone replacement.
Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Southern Illinois University, Springfield, IL 62794, USA.
Joshua D
JD
Ring
Aye A
AA
Lwin
Tobias S
TS
Köhler
D000728:Androgens; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000627:therapeutic use; D047072:Aromatase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006063:Chorionic Gonadotropin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002996:Clomiphene / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004967:Estrogens / Q000378:metabolism; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007248:Infertility, Male / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D009765:Obesity / Q000378:metabolism; D012102:Reproductive Control Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D020845:Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012738:Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin; D013739:Testosterone / Q000378:metabolism; D014815:Vitamins / Q000627:therapeutic use
D000728:Androgens; D000975:Antioxidants; D047072:Aromatase Inhibitors; D006063:Chorionic Gonadotropin; D004967:Estrogens; D012102:Reproductive Control Agents; D020845:Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators; D012738:Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin; D014815:Vitamins; D002996:Clomiphene; D013739:Testosterone; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone