Secreted protein gene derived-single nucleotide polymorphisms (SP-SNPs) reveal population diversity and differentiation of Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici in the United States.
Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) is a powerful molecular marker technique that has been widely used in population genetics and molecular mapping studies for various organisms. However, the technique has not been used for studying Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst), the wheat stripe rust pathogen. In this study, we developed over a hundred secreted protein gene-derived SNP (SP-SNP) markers and used 92 markers to study the population structure of Pst. From 352 isolates collected in the United States, we identified 242 multi-locus genotypes. The SP-SNP genotypes had a moderate, but significant correlation with the virulence phenotype data. Clustering of the multi-locus genotypes was consistent by various analyses, revealing distinct genetic groups. Analysis of molecular variance detected significant differences between the eastern and western US Pst populations. High heterozygosity was found in the US population with significant differences identified among epidemiological regions. Analysis of population differentiation revealed that populations between the eastern and western US were highly differentiated while moderate differentiation was found in populations within the western or eastern US. Isolates from the western US were more diverse than isolates from the eastern US. The information is useful for guiding the disease management in different epidemiological regions.
Department of Plant Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-6430, USA. Electronic address: chongjing.xia@wsu.edu.
Chongjing
C
Xia
Department of Plant Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-6430, USA. Electronic address: awan@wsu.edu.
Anmin
A
Wan
Department of Plant Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-6430, USA. Electronic address: meinan_wang@wsu.edu.
Meinan
M
Wang
Department of Plant Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-6430, USA. Electronic address: djiwan@wsu.edu.
Derick A
DA
Jiwan
Department of Plant Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-6430, USA; US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Wheat Health, Genetics, and Quality Research Unit, Pullman, WA 99164-6430, USA. Electronic address: deven_see@wsu.edu.
Deven R
DR
See
Department of Plant Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-6430, USA; US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Wheat Health, Genetics, and Quality Research Unit, Pullman, WA 99164-6430, USA. Electronic address: xianming@wsu.edu.
Xianming
X
Chen
D001487:Basidiomycota / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics*; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D005656:Fungal Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D014644:Genetic Variation; D005838:Genotype; D058885:Multilocus Sequence Typing; D016533:Mycological Typing Techniques; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D014908:Triticum / Q000382:microbiology*; D014481:United States
D005656:Fungal Proteins
Heterozygosity; Population differentiation; Wheat stripe rust