Principle-based concept analysis: Caring in nursing education.
BACKGROUND
The aim of this principle-based concept analysis was to analyze caring in nursing education and to explain the current state of the science based on epistemologic, pragmatic, linguistic, and logical philosophical principles.


METHODS
A principle-based concept analysis method was used to analyze the nursing literature. The dataset included 46 English language studies, published from 2005 to 2014, and they were retrieved through PROQUEST, MEDLINE, CINAHL, ERIC, SCOPUS, and SID scientific databases. The key dimensions of the data were collected using a validated data-extraction sheet. The four principles of assessing pragmatic utility were used to analyze the data. The data were managed by using MAXQDA 10 software.


RESULTS
The scientific literature that deals with caring in nursing education relies on implied meaning. Caring in nursing education refers to student-teacher interactions that are formed on the basis of human values and focused on the unique needs of the students (epistemological principle). The result of student-teacher interactions is the development of both the students and the teachers. Numerous applications of the concept of caring in nursing education are available in the literature (pragmatic principle). There is consistency in the meaning of the concept, as a central value of the faculty-student interaction (linguistic principle). Compared with other related concepts, such as "caring pedagogy," "value-based education," and "teaching excellence," caring in nursing education does not have exact and clear conceptual boundaries (logic principle).


CONCLUSIONS
Caring in nursing education was identified as an approach to teaching and learning, and it is formed based on teacher-student interactions and sustainable human values. A greater understanding of the conceptual basis of caring in nursing education will improve the caring behaviors of teachers, create teaching-learning environments, and help experts in curriculum development.
Ph.D. Student in Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
Maryam
M
Salehian
Professor, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
Abbas
A
Heydari
Assistant Professor of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
Nahid
N
Aghebati
Associate Professor: A- Evidence-Based Caring Research Center, B- Department of Medical-Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, and C- Department of Medical Education, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
Hossein
H
Karimi Moonaghi
Lecturer, Evidence-Based Caring Research Center, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
Seyed Reza
SR
Mazloom
caring; nursing education; principle-based concept analysis