Native functionality and therapeutic targeting of arenaviral glycoproteins.
Surface glycoproteins direct cellular targeting, attachment, and membrane fusion of arenaviruses and are the primary target for neutralizing antibodies. Despite significant conservation of the glycoprotein architecture across the arenavirus family, there is considerable variation in the molecular recognition mechanisms used during host cell entry. We review recent progress in dissecting these infection events and describe how arenaviral glycoproteins can be targeted by small-molecule antivirals, the natural immune response, and immunoglobulin-based therapeutics. Arenaviral glycoprotein-mediated assembly and infection pathways present numerous opportunities and challenges for therapeutic intervention.
Oxford Glycobiology Institute, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK. Electronic address: max.crispin@bioch.ox.ac.uk.
Max
M
Crispin
Division of Structural Biology, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK.
Antra
A
Zeltina
Oxford Glycobiology Institute, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK.
Nicole
N
Zitzmann
Division of Structural Biology, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK. Electronic address: thomas.bowden@strubi.ox.ac.uk.
Thomas A
TA
Bowden
D000818:Animals; D057134:Antibodies, Neutralizing / Q000276:immunology; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000276:immunology; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001117:Arenaviridae Infections / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy / Q000821:virology*; D018050:Arenavirus / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D008561:Membrane Fusion; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D014759:Viral Envelope Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D014765:Viral Vaccines / Q000276:immunology; D053586:Virus Internalization
D057134:Antibodies, Neutralizing; D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D000998:Antiviral Agents; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D014759:Viral Envelope Proteins; D014765:Viral Vaccines