Actual and Potential Radiation Exposures in Digital Radiology: Analysis of Cumulative Data, Implications to Worker Classification and Occupational Exposure Monitoring.
Radiation worker categorization and exposure monitoring are principal functions of occupational radiation safety. The aim of this study was to use the actual occupational exposure data in a large university hospital to estimate the frequency and magnitude of potential exposures in radiology. The additional aim was to propose a revised categorization and exposure monitoring practice based on the potential exposures. The cumulative probability distribution was calculated from the normalized integral of the probability density function fitted to the exposure data. Conformity of the probabilistic model was checked against 16 years of national monitoring data. The estimated probabilities to exceed annual effective dose limits of 1 mSv, 6 mSv and 20 mSv were 1:1000, 1:20 000 and 1:200 000, respectively. Thus, it is very unlikely that the class A categorization limit of 6 mSv could be exceeded, even in interventional procedures, with modern equipment and appropriate working methods. Therefore, all workers in diagnostic and interventional radiology could be systematically categorized into class B. Furthermore, current personal monitoring practice could be replaced by use of active personal dosemeters that offer more effective and flexible means to optimize working methods.
HUS Medical Imaging Center, Radiology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, PO Box 340, Helsinki FI-00029 HUS, Finland.|Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, PO Box 64, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland.
Mika
M
Kortesniemi
STUK - Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority of Finland, PO Box 14, Helsinki FI-00881, Finland.
Teemu
T
Siiskonen
HUS Medical Imaging Center, Radiology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, PO Box 340, Helsinki FI-00029 HUS, Finland.|Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, PO Box 64, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland.
Anna
A
Kelaranta
HUS Medical Imaging Center, Radiology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, PO Box 340, Helsinki FI-00029 HUS, Finland.
Kimmo
K
Lappalainen
D006801:Humans; D016273:Occupational Exposure; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D000069079:Radiation Exposure; D011834:Radiation Monitoring; D011835:Radiation Protection; D011856:Radiographic Image Enhancement; D015642:Radiology, Interventional