Regulation and structure of the heteromeric acetyl-CoA carboxylase.
The enzyme acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase) catalyzes the committed step of the de novo fatty acid biosynthesis (FAS) pathway by converting acetyl-CoA to malonyl-CoA. Two forms of ACCase exist in nature, a homomeric and heteromic form. The heteromeric form of this enzyme requires four different subunits for activity: biotin carboxylase; biotin carboxyl carrier protein; and α- and β-carboxyltransferases. Heteromeric ACCases (htACCase) can be found in prokaryotes and the plastids of most plants. The plant htACCase is regulated by diverse mechanisms reflected by the biochemical and genetic complexity of this multienzyme complex and the plastid stroma where it resides. In this review we summarize the regulation of the plant htACCase and also describe the structural characteristics of this complex from both prokaryotes and plants. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Plant Lipid Biology edited by Kent D. Chapman and Ivo Feussner.
Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri-Columbia, Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, 1201 E. Rollins, Columbia, MO 65201, USA. Electronic address: mjst27@missouri.edu.
Matthew J
MJ
Salie
Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri-Columbia, Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, 1201 E. Rollins, Columbia, MO 65201, USA. Electronic address: thelenj@missouri.edu.
Jay J
JJ
Thelen
D000105:Acetyl Coenzyme A / Q000378:metabolism; D000103:Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics*; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence / Q000235:genetics; D019731:Carbon-Nitrogen Ligases / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics*; D019878:Carboxyl and Carbamoyl Transferases / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D054889:Fatty Acid Synthase, Type II / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D010944:Plants / Q000201:enzymology; D018087:Plastids / Q000201:enzymology; D011387:Prokaryotic Cells / Q000201:enzymology
D005227:Fatty Acids; D000105:Acetyl Coenzyme A; D019878:Carboxyl and Carbamoyl Transferases; D054889:Fatty Acid Synthase, Type II; D019731:Carbon-Nitrogen Ligases; C019791:biotin carboxylase; D000103:Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase; C079633:biotin carboxyl carrier protein
ACCase; Acetyl-CoA carboxylase; BADC; Fatty acid synthesis; Plants; Protein–protein interactions