Multimodal nonlinear microscopy of head and neck carcinoma - toward surgery assisting frozen section analysis.
Treatment of early cancer stages is deeply connected to a good prognosis, a moderate reduction of the quality of life, and comparably low treatment costs.



Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas were investigated using the multimodal combination of coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS), two-photon excited fluorescence (TPEF), and second-harmonic generation (SHG) microscopy.



An increased median TPEF to CARS contrast was found comparing cancerous and healthy squamous epithelium with a p value of 1.8·10(-10) . A following comprehensive image analysis was able to predict the diagnosis of imaged tissue sections with an overall accuracy of 90% for a 4-class model.



Nonlinear multimodal imaging is verified objectively as a valuable diagnostic tool that complements conventional staining protocols and can serve as filter in future clinical routine reducing the pathologist's workload. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: First-1552, 2016.
Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Jena, Germany.|Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich-Schiller University, Jena, Germany.
Sandro
S
Heuke
Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Jena, Germany.|Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich-Schiller University, Jena, Germany.
Olga
O
Chernavskaia
Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich-Schiller University, Jena, Germany.
Thomas
T
Bocklitz
Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Jena, Germany.|Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich-Schiller University, Jena, Germany.
Fisseha Bekele
FB
Legesse
Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Jena, Germany.|Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich-Schiller University, Jena, Germany.
Tobias
T
Meyer
Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Jena, Germany.
Denis
D
Akimov
Institute of Pathology, Klinikum Chemnitz, Chemnitz, Germany.
Olaf
O
Dirsch
Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Jena, Germany.|Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany.
Günther
G
Ernst
Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Jena, Germany.|Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich-Schiller University, Jena, Germany.|Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany.
Ferdinand
F
von Eggeling
Institute of Pathology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany.
Iver
I
Petersen
Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany.
Orlando
O
Guntinas-Lichius
Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich-Schiller University, Jena, Germany.
Michael
M
Schmitt
Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Jena, Germany. Juergen.Popp@ipht-jena.de.|Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich-Schiller University, Jena, Germany. Juergen.Popp@ipht-jena.de.
Jürgen
J
Popp
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D005453:Fluorescence; D005629:Frozen Sections; D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008853:Microscopy / Q000379:methods*; D008875:Middle Aged; D064847:Multimodal Imaging
coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS); head and neck cancer imaging; image analysis; nonlinear microscopy; second-harmonic generation (SHG); spectral histopathology; two-photon excited fluorescence (TPEF)