Diabetic choroidopathy: a review of the current literature.
Diabetic retinopathy is an increasingly prevalent disease, and a leading contributor to the burden of all-cause blindness worldwide. In addition to retinal changes, choroidal abnormalities are common in patients with diabetes. The first studies concerning this vascular structure were based on histologic, indocyanine angiography and laser Doppler flowmetry techniques, but the development of new optical coherence tomography (OCT) technologies and imaging software for enhanced depth imaging (EDI)-OCT in recent years has made it possible to provide more detailed images of the choroidal anatomy and topography.In diabetic patients, several choroidal changes have been described in the literature throughout the years; the recent focus is choroidal thickness, which is significantly different from that in healthy patients. However, understanding choroidal manifestations of diabetic eye disease remains a real challenge, and this gap is hindering efforts towards better defining choroidal evaluation as a predictive factor for disease evolution and treatment response.This review aims to summarize the recent literature concerning changes in choroidal structure in diabetic patients, the relationship to diabetic retinal disease progression, and finally, the current and potential application of the measurement of variations in choroidal thickness for patient management.
Neurology Department, Central Lisbon Hospital Center, Lisbon, Portugal.|Institute of Pharmacology and Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine of Lisbon University, Lisbon, Portugal.
Diana
D
Melancia
Ophthalmology Department, Central Lisbon Hospital Center, Lisbon, Portugal.|Faculty of Medicine of Lisbon University, Lisbon, Portugal.
André
A
Vicente
Ophthalmology Department, Central Lisbon Hospital Center, Lisbon, Portugal.|Faculty of Medical Sciences of New University, Lisbon, Portugal.
João Paulo
JP
Cunha
Ophthalmology Department, Northern Lisbon Hospital Center, Lisbon, Portugal.|Visual Sciences Study Center, Faculty of Medicine, Lisbon University, Lisbon, Portugal.
Luís
L
Abegão Pinto
Ophthalmology Department, Central Lisbon Hospital Center, Lisbon, Portugal. joanaptf@gmail.com.|Faculty of Medical Sciences of New University, Lisbon, Portugal. joanaptf@gmail.com.
Joana
J
Ferreira
D002829:Choroid / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D015862:Choroid Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D003930:Diabetic Retinopathy / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis; D005451:Fluorescein Angiography; D005654:Fundus Oculi; D006801:Humans; D012160:Retina / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D041623:Tomography, Optical Coherence
Diabetic choroidopathy; Diabetic retinopathy; Enhanced depth imaging; Optical coherence tomography