Adverse urinary effects of allopurinol in dogs with leishmaniasis.
OBJECTIVE
The objective of this study was to describe the adverse effects of allopurinol on the urinary system during treatment of canine leishmaniasis.


METHODS
Retrospective case series of 42 dogs that developed xanthinuria while receiving allopurinol treatment for leishmaniasis.


RESULTS
Of 320 dogs diagnosed with leishmaniasis, 42 (13%) developed adverse urinary effects. Thirteen (of 42) dogs (31%) developed xanthinuria, renal mineralisation and urolithiasis; 11 (26·2%) showed xanthinuria with renal mineralisation; 9 (21·4%) had xanthinuria with urolithiasis and 9 (21·4%) developed xanthinuria alone. Urinary clinical signs developed in 19 dogs (45·2%).


CONCLUSIONS
This study demonstrates that urolithiasis and renal mineralisation can occur in dogs receiving allopurinol therapy. Dogs receiving therapy should be monitored for the development of urinary adverse effects from the beginning of treatment.
Servei d'Urgències i Medecina Interna, Hospital Veterinari Balmes, Carrer Balmes 81, 08008 Barcelona, Spain.
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Torres
Hospital Clínic Veterinari and Animal Medicine and Surgery Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus de la UAB, Plaza Cívica, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain.
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Pastor
Hospital Clínic Veterinari and Animal Medicine and Surgery Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus de la UAB, Plaza Cívica, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain.
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Roura
Servicio de Medicina Interna, Centro Policlínico Veterinario Raspeig, Calle Veterinario Manuel Isidro Rodríguez Rodriguez, 17, 03690, San Vicente del Raspeig, Alicante, Spain.
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Tabar
Hospital Clínic Veterinari and Animal Medicine and Surgery Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus de la UAB, Plaza Cívica, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain.
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Espada
Servei de Medecina Interna, Hospital Ars Veterinària, Carrer Cardedeu 3, 08023, Barcelona, Spain.
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Font
Servei d'Urgències i Medecina Interna, Hospital Veterinari Balmes, Carrer Balmes 81, 08008 Barcelona, Spain.
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Balasch
Hospital Clínic Veterinari and Animal Medicine and Surgery Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus de la UAB, Plaza Cívica, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain.
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Planellas
D000493:Allopurinol / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000818:Animals; D000981:Antiprotozoal Agents / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004285:Dogs; D005260:Female; D007896:Leishmaniasis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000662:veterinary*; D008297:Male; D014570:Urologic Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced*
D000981:Antiprotozoal Agents; D000493:Allopurinol