Immune Checkpoint Therapy in Renal Cell Carcinoma.
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a largely chemotherapy-resistant disease that is commonly treated with molecularly targeted therapies. Evidence suggests that RCC is also an immune-responsive disease, and checkpoint inhibitors are in active development as agents for the treatment of systemic disease. Programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) is an inhibitory immune checkpoint, and blockade of the PD-1 cascade is an attractive target in RCC. Expression of the ligand for PD-1 in RCC has been shown to be a negative prognostic factor; however, response to PD-1 blockade is not restricted to tumors expressing the ligand for PD-1. Nivolumab is the most completely characterized anti-PD-1 agent in RCC and has been shown to be efficacious as monotherapy. Currently, there are multiple ongoing clinical trials exploring the use of combination therapy with PD-1 blockade.
From the Genitourinary Oncology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY.
Chung-Han
CH
Lee
Robert J
RJ
Motzer
D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use; D060890:B7-H1 Antigen / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D006801:Humans; D056747:Immunomodulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D058990:Molecular Targeted Therapy; D061026:Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D016176:T-Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D016896:Treatment Outcome
D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D060890:B7-H1 Antigen; D061026:Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor