Adherence to the Mediterranean dietary pattern and BMI change among US adolescents.
Among adults, the Mediterranean dietary pattern (MDP) is inversely related to body mass index (BMI). Data are lacking on adherence to the MDP among youth in the United States and whether the MDP is related to weight change in that group.



To assess whether adherence to the MDP was associated with BMI change among adolescents. To examine temporality, we studied the association between baseline and 2-3-year changes in adherence to the MDP with concurrent changes in BMI, as well as subsequent changes in BMI over a 7-year period.



We prospectively followed 6002 females and 4916 males in the Growing Up Today Study II, aged 8-15 years in 2004, living across United States. Data were collected by questionnaire in 2004, 2006, 2008 and 2011. Dietary intake was assessed by the Youth/Adolescent Questionnaire. The KidMed Index was derived to measure the adherence to the MDP. We used generalized estimating equations with repeated measures within subjects to assess the association between MDP and BMI change.



A two-point increment in the KidMed Index was independently associated with a lower gain in BMI (-0.04 kg m(-2); P=0.001). A greater increase in adherence to the KidMed Index was independently related to a lower gain in BMI in both the concurrent (P-for-trend<0.001) and the subsequent period (P-for-trend=0.002).



Adherence to MDP was inversely associated with change in BMI among adolescents. Two-year improvement in adherence to MDP was independently associated with less steep gain in the BMI in both the concurrent and the subsequent period.
Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, IdiSNA (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra), Pamplona, Spain.|Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
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Martin-Calvo
Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.|Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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Chavarro
Division of Community Health and Human Development, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
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Falbe
Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.|Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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Hu
Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.|Division of Adolescent Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.|Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.|Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA.
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Field
D000293:Adolescent; D000294:Adolescent Behavior; D017195:Adolescent Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002648:Child; D004034:Diet Surveys; D000072001:Diet, Healthy; D038441:Diet, Mediterranean; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D019983:Guideline Adherence; D015438:Health Behavior; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D063766:Pediatric Obesity / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000523:psychology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D015431:Weight Loss