Gestational Diabetes Mellitus:current knowledge and unmet needs.
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a global health concern, not only because its prevalence is high and on the increase, but also because of the potential implications for the health of mothers and their offspring. Unfortunately, there is considerable controversy in the literature surrounding the diagnosis and treatment of GDM, as well as the possible long-term consequences for the offspring. As a result, worldwide there is a lack of uniformly accepted diagnostic criteria and the advice regarding the treatment of GDM, including diet, insulin therapy, and the use of oral blood glucose-lowering agents, is highly variable. In this review we provide an overview of the important issues in the field of GDM, including diagnostic criteria, different treatment regimens available, and the long-term consequences of GDM in the offspring.
Department of Endocrinology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands. s.h.koning@umcg.nl.
Sarah H
SH
Koning
Department of Internal Medicine, Martini Hospital, Groningen, The Netherlands.
Klaas
K
Hoogenberg
Department of Endocrinology, Medical Center Leeuwarden, Leeuwarden, The Netherlands.
Helen L
HL
Lutgers
Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands.
Paul P
http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2241-3001
PP
van den Berg
Department of Endocrinology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands.
Bruce H R
BH
Wolffenbuttel
D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D016640:Diabetes, Gestational / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D004032:Diet; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D007328:Insulin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D011247:Pregnancy
D001786:Blood Glucose; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin
diagnosis; diet; gestational diabetes mellitus; insulin; oral blood glucose-lowering agents; 口服降糖药物; 妊娠糖尿病; 胰岛素; 诊断; 饮食