Parenteral Vaccination Can Be an Effective Means of Inducing Protective Mucosal Responses.
The current paradigm in vaccine development is that nonreplicating vaccines delivered parenterally fail to induce immune responses in mucosal tissues. However, both clinical and experimental data have challenged this concept, and numerous studies have shown that induction of mucosal immune responses after parenteral vaccination is not a rare occurrence and might, in fact, significantly contribute to the protection against mucosal infections afforded by parenteral vaccines. While the mechanisms underlying this phenomenon are not well understood, the realization that parenteral vaccination can be an effective means of inducing protective mucosal responses is paradigm-shifting and has potential to transform the way vaccines are designed and delivered.
Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA jclemen@tulane.edu.
John D
JD
Clements
Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA.
Lucy C
LC
Freytag
D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000818:Animals; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006801:Humans; D018928:Immunity, Mucosal; D007279:Injections, Subcutaneous; D051379:Mice; D014611:Vaccination / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D014612:Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D014777:Virus Diseases / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control*
D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D014612:Vaccines