A nationwide survey of perfluorinated alkyl substances in waters, sediment and biota collected from aquatic environment in Vietnam: Distributions and bioconcentration profiles.
Water, sediment, various tissues of fish, crustacean, gastropod and bivalve were collected from major river basins in Vietnam and analyzed for the presence of perfluorinated alkyl substances (PFASs). Furthermore, the occurrence of PFASs in coastal, tap and well waters collected from eight different regions in Vietnam was investigated. PFOA and PFOS were consistently detected as the dominant PFASs in surface waters. The greatest concentrations of PFOA (53.5ngL-1) and PFOS (40.2ngL-1) were found in a surface water sample collected from a channel that receives wastewater treatment plant discharges. PFOS and PFHxS were found as the predominant PFASs in sediments. The greatest PFAS concentration in biota was 16.9ng PFUnDA g-1wet weight found in a fish liver. Some long-chain PFCAs including PFNA, PFUnDA and PFTrDA as well as PFHxS were more abundant than short-chain PFASs in biota tissues. The measured concentrations of PFOS and PFOA in surface and tap waters were below the provisional health advisory. The rank order of mean bioconcentration factor of PFOS in biota was; crustacean (115L/kg), gastropod (1117L/kg), fish (1120L/kg) and bivalve (2110L/kg). This study provides baseline information for a better understanding of PFASs contamination in Vietnam.
College of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, Chonnam National University, Yeosu 550-749, Republic of Korea.
Nguyen Hoang
NH
Lam
College of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, Chonnam National University, Yeosu 550-749, Republic of Korea.
Chon-Rae
CR
Cho
Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health and Department of Environmental Toxicology and Health, State University of New York, Empire State Plaza, PO Box 59, Albany, NY 12202-0509, USA.
Kurunthachalam
K
Kannan
College of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, Chonnam National University, Yeosu 550-749, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: hscho@jnu.ac.kr.
Hyeon-Seo
HS
Cho
D017738:Alkanesulfonic Acids / Q000032:analysis*; D000818:Animals; D059001:Aquatic Organisms / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D002210:Caprylates / Q000032:analysis*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D005466:Fluorocarbons / Q000032:analysis*; D020387:Food Chain; D019015:Geologic Sediments / Q000737:chemistry*; D012623:Seawater / Q000737:chemistry*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014744:Vietnam; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*
D017738:Alkanesulfonic Acids; D002210:Caprylates; D005466:Fluorocarbons; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C023036:perfluorooctanoic acid; C076994:perfluorooctane sulfonic acid
Aquatic environment; Bioconcentration factor; PFOA; PFOS; Vietnam