Extracts from Flammulina velutipes Inhibit the Adhesion of Pathogenic Fungi to Epithelial Cells.
BACKGROUND
Recently, extracts from natural sources have been tested for their antifungal properties. In this aspect, Flammulina velutipes extracts possess a significant amount of branch-chained carbohydrates with mannose moieties that, hypothetically, can reduce the adhesion.


OBJECTIVE
In this study, we assessed the capacity of extracts from F. velutipes (wild-type AQF-1 and ATCC 34574 as the reference strain) to inhibit the adhesion of S. schenkii and C. albicans to epithelial cells.


METHODS
The aqueous extracts from F. velutipes strains were obtained by sonication, total carbohydrate and protein was analyzed by Dubois and Lowry methods respectively. Effect of the extracts (50, 100 and 150 μg/mL) on the fungi adhesion to host cells was evaluated after 1 h interaction, and the percentage of inhibition of adhesion was measured. After of interaction the cytoskeleton from cell was analyzed with phalloidin-FITC.


RESULTS
The extract from strain AQF-1 (50, 100 and 150 μg/mL) inhibited the adhesion of: S. schenkii in a dose-dependent manner (4.9, 7.5 and 12.7%, respectively) and C. albicans in a dose-independent manner (5.2%). The percentage of inhibition by extracts from the strain ATCC34574 at the same concentrations, shown that are dose independent for both fungi: 3.9% for S. schenkii and 2.6% for C. albicans.


CONCLUSIONS
The extracts from F. velutipes inhibit the adhesion of pathogenic fungi to host cells. The mechanism molecular is unknown; however, is probably an interaction between the polysaccharides from extracts with the fungi receptors. This aspect is currently analyzed.


CONCLUSIONS
The yields of mycelium from two strains of F. velutipes and the extract from it were similar.Extracts from both strains have inhibited adhesion of S. schenkii and C. albicans to epithelial cells in vitro, but the extract from strain AQF-1 was more effective.The extracts have not prevented damage to epithelial cells caused by pathogenic fungi. Abbreviation Used: YPG: Yeast peptone glucose, DMEM: Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's medium, FITC: Fluorescein isothiocyanate.
Department of Biology, Division of Natural and Exact Sciences, Campus Guanajuato, University of Guanajuato, Noria Alta S/N, Col. Noria Alta, Guanajuato, Guanajuato 36050, México City, México.
Svetlana
S
Kashina
Department of Biology, Division of Natural and Exact Sciences, Campus Guanajuato, University of Guanajuato, Noria Alta S/N, Col. Noria Alta, Guanajuato, Guanajuato 36050, México City, México.
Lérida Liss
LL
Flores Villavicencio
Department of Science and Engineering, Campus León, University of Guanajuato, Loma del Bosque 103 Col, Lomas del Campestre, León, Guanajuato 37150, México City, México.
Marco
M
Balleza
Department of Medical Sciences, Division of Health Sciences, Campus León, University of Guanajuato, 20 de Enero 292, Col. Obregón, León, Guanajuato 37320, México City, México.
Gloria Barbosa
GB
Sabanero
Department of Infectomics and Molecular Pathogenesis, Center for Research and Advanced Studies, National Polytechnic Institute (CINVESTAV-IPN), Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, San Pedro Zacatenco, Gustavo A, Madero, 07360, México City, México.
Víctor
V
Tsutsumi
Department of Biology, Division of Natural and Exact Sciences, Campus Guanajuato, University of Guanajuato, Noria Alta S/N, Col. Noria Alta, Guanajuato, Guanajuato 36050, México City, México.
Myrna Sabanero
MS
López
Adhesion; Flammulina velutipes; basidiomycets extracts; epithelial cells; fungi