[Exercise-induced shear stress: Physiological basis and clinical impact].
The physiological regulation of vascular function is essential for cardiovascular health and depends on adequate control of molecular mechanisms triggered by endothelial cells in response to mechanical and chemical stimuli induced by blood flow. Endothelial dysfunction is one of the major risk factors for cardiovascular disease, where an imbalance between synthesis of vasodilator and vasoconstrictor molecules is one of its main mechanisms. In this context, the shear stress is one of the most important mechanical stimuli to improve vascular function, due to endothelial mechanotransduction, triggered by stimulation of various endothelial mechanosensors, induce signaling pathways culminating in increased bioavailability of vasodilators molecules such as nitric oxide, that finally trigger the angiogenic mechanisms. These mechanisms allow providing the physiological basis for the effects of exercise on vascular health. In this review it is discussed the molecular mechanisms involved in the vascular response induced by shear stress and its impact in reversing vascular injury associated with the most prevalent cardiovascular disease in our population.
Laboratorio de Biología del Ejercicio, Escuela de Kinesiología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad San Sebastián, Concepción, Chile; Carrera de Kinesiología, Facultad de Salud, Universidad Santo Tomás, Concepción, Chile; Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Médicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la Frontera. Laboratorio de Neurociencia y Biología de péptidos CEBIOR-CEGIN BIOREN, Depto. Ciencias Preclínicas, Facultad Medicina, UFRO, Temuco, Chile; Programa de Magíster en Kinesiología Cardiorrespiratoria, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad San Sebastián, Concepción, Chile. Electronic address: ivan.rodriguez@uss.cl.
Iván
I
Rodríguez-Núñez
Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Médicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la Frontera. Laboratorio de Neurociencia y Biología de péptidos CEBIOR-CEGIN BIOREN, Depto. Ciencias Preclínicas, Facultad Medicina, UFRO, Temuco, Chile.
Fernando
F
Romero
Programa de Magíster en Kinesiología Cardiorrespiratoria, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad San Sebastián, Concepción, Chile.
María Javiera
MJ
Saavedra
D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000503:physiopathology*; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D006439:Hemodynamics; D006801:Humans; D013312:Stress, Physiological
Angiogenesis modulating agents; Cardiovascular disease; Chile; Ejercicio; Endotelio; Endothelium; Enfermedad cardiovascular; Exercise; Moduladores de la angiogénesis; Neovascularización fisiológica; Physiologic neovascularization