Association between Dietary Patterns and the Risk of Hypertension among Chinese: A Cross-Sectional Study.
Epidemiological studies of different dietary patterns and the risk of hypertension among a middle-aged Chinese population remain extremely scare. Thus, the aim of this study was to identify dietary patterns and investigate the relationship between dietary patterns and the risk of hypertension among Chinese adults aged 45-60 years. The present cross-sectional study includes 2560 participants who reported their dietary intake using a validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Dietary patterns were identified using factor analysis. Anthropometric measurements were obtained using standardized procedures. We used log-binomial regression analysis to examine the associations between dietary patterns and hypertension risk. Four major dietary patterns were identified and labeled as traditional Chinese, animal food, western fast-food, and high-salt patterns. After adjusting for potential confounders, participants in the highest quartile of animal food pattern scores had a greater prevalence ratio (PR) for hypertension (PR = 1.26; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.064-1.727; p < 0.05) in comparison to those from the lowest quartile. Compared with the lowest quartile of high-salt pattern, the highest quartile had a higher prevalence ratio for hypertension (PR = 1.12; 95% CI: 1.013-1.635; p < 0.05).


CONCLUSIONS
Our findings indicated that animal food and high-salt patterns were associated with increased risk of hypertension, while traditional Chinese and western fast-food patterns were not associated with the risk of hypertension. Further prospective studies are warranted to confirm these findings.
Department of Nutrition, Zhejiang Hospital, Xihu district, Hangzhou 310013, Zhejiang, China. kuaidou09@163.com.|Department of Digestion, Zhejiang Hospital, Xihu district, Hangzhou 310013, Zhejiang, China. kuaidou09@163.com.
Pei-Fen
PF
Zheng
Department of Nutrition, Zhejiang Hospital, Xihu district, Hangzhou 310013, Zhejiang, China. shulong19880920@126.com.
Long
L
Shu
Department of Nutrition, Zhejiang Hospital, Xihu district, Hangzhou 310013, Zhejiang, China. zxy19740804@sina.com.
Xiao-Yan
XY
Zhang
Department of Nutrition, Zhejiang Hospital, Xihu district, Hangzhou 310013, Zhejiang, China. xiaosi_32075001@126.com.
Cai-Juan
CJ
Si
Department of Nutrition, Zhejiang Hospital, Xihu district, Hangzhou 310013, Zhejiang, China. xly2008hi@163.com.
Xiao-Long
XL
Yu
Department of Nutrition, Zhejiang Hospital, Xihu district, Hangzhou 310013, Zhejiang, China. gaowei05715133@163.com.
Wei
W
Gao
Department of Nutrition, Zhejiang Hospital, Xihu district, Hangzhou 310013, Zhejiang, China. 3868988899@139.com.
Xiao-Qing
XQ
Tong
Department of Nutrition, Zhejiang Hospital, Xihu district, Hangzhou 310013, Zhejiang, China. zhanglun306@163.com.
Lun
L
Zhang
D044466:Asian People; D004032:Diet; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000208:ethnology / Q000209:etiology*; D008297:Male; D009765:Obesity; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
dietary patterns; factor analysis; hypertension; middle-aged population