Difficulties, guidelines and review of developing an acute rejection model after rat intestinal transplantation.
Experimental small bowel transplantation (SBT) in rats has been proven to be a useful tool for the study of ischemia-reperfusion and immunological aspects related to solid organ transplantation. However, the model is not completely refined, specialized literature is scarce and complex technical details are typically omitted or confusing. Most studies related to acute rejection (AR) use the orthotopic standard, with small sample sizes due to its high mortality, whereas those studying chronic rejection (CR) use the heterotopic standard, which allows longer term survival but does not exactly reflect the human clinical scenario. Various animal strains have been used, and the type of rejection and the timing of its analysis differ among authors. The double purpose of this study was to develop an improved unusual AR model of SBT using the heterotopic technique, and to elaborate a guide useful to implement experimental models for studying AR. We analyzed the model's technical details and expected difficulties in overcoming the learning curve for such a complex microsurgical model, identifying the potential problem areas and providing a step-by-step protocol and reference guide for future surgeons interested in the topic. We also discuss the historic and more recent options in the literature.
Pediatric Surgery Department, La Paz University Hospital, Paseo La Castellana, 261, 28046 Madrid, Spain. Electronic address: aneandresmo@hotmail.com.
Ane Miren
AM
Andres
Experimental Surgery Department, La Paz University Hospital, Paseo La Castellana, 261, 28046 Madrid, Spain. Electronic address: monica.santamariamiro@gmail.com.
Monica
M
Santamaria
Pediatric Surgery Department, La Paz University Hospital, Paseo La Castellana, 261, 28046 Madrid, Spain. Electronic address: fhernandezo.hulp@salud.madrid.org.
Francisco
F
Hernandez-Oliveros
Pathology Department, La Paz University Hospital, Paseo La Castellana, 261, 28046 Madrid, Spain. Electronic address: lauraguerrap@gmail.com.
Laura
L
Guerra
Pediatric Surgery Department, La Paz University Hospital, Paseo La Castellana, 261, 28046 Madrid, Spain. Electronic address: sergio_lopez_fdez@hotmail.com.
Sergio
S
Lopez
Fundacion Favaloro Buenos Aire:Experimental Transplant Department, Buenos Aires, Argentina. Electronic address: Pablo_stringa@hotmail.com.
Pablo
P
Stringa
Idipaz Institute, Immunohistochemistry Department, Paseo La Castellana, 261, 28046 Madrid, Spain. Electronic address: teresa.vallejo@salud.madrid.org.
Maria Teresa
MT
Vallejo
Experimental Surgery Department, La Paz University Hospital, Paseo La Castellana, 261, 28046 Madrid, Spain. Electronic address: carlota.largo@salud.madrid.org.
Carlota
C
Largo
Pediatric Surgery Department, La Paz University Hospital, Paseo La Castellana, 261, 28046 Madrid, Spain. Electronic address: encinas.j@tiscali.it.
Jose Luis
JL
Encinas
King Juan Carlos University, Madrid: Histology Department, Alcorcon, Madrid, Spain. Electronic address: soledad.garcia@urjc.es.
Maria Soledad
MS
Garcia de Las Heras
Pediatric Surgery Department, La Paz University Hospital, Paseo La Castellana, 261, 28046 Madrid, Spain. Electronic address: mlsantamaria@salud.madrid.org.
Manuel
M
Lopez-Santamaria
Pediatric Surgery Department, La Paz University Hospital, Paseo La Castellana, 261, 28046 Madrid, Spain. Electronic address: juan.tovar@salud.madrid.org.
Juan Antonio
JA
Tovar
D000818:Animals; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000276:immunology*; D006085:Graft Survival; D017408:Guidelines as Topic; D006801:Humans; D007421:Intestine, Small / Q000601:surgery / Q000637:transplantation*; D008297:Male; D008866:Microsurgery / Q000379:methods*; D023421:Models, Animal; D016377:Organ Transplantation / Q000379:methods; D051381:Rats; D011919:Rats, Inbred Strains; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000276:immunology*; D016042:Transplantation, Heterotopic