Development and characterization of a new carrier for vaccine delivery based on calcium-alginate nanoparticles: Safe immunoprotective approach against scorpion envenoming.
To enhance humoral defense against diseases, vaccine formulation is routinely prepared to improve immune response. Studies in nanomaterials as a carrier of vaccine delivery are promising and interesting. In this study, attenuated Androctonus australis hector (Aah) venom and its toxic fraction were encapsulated into different formulations inside calcium-alginate nanoparticles (Ca-Alg Nps), and used as a vaccine delivery system against scorpion envenomation. Ca-Alg Nps were prepared by ionic gelation and characterized. An immunization schedule was undertaken in rabbits in order to study how Aah venom entrapped in Ca-Alg Nps might induce protective immunity. Results showed the influence of different parameters on the suitable nanoparticle formation. They also showed no toxicity of free Ca-Alg Nps and a different inflammatory profile depending on the nanovaccine formulations. More interestingly, evaluation of specific IgG titer and IgG1/IgG2a isotype balance revealed a protective effect with the nanoparticles encapsulating the attenuated antigens. Challenge up to 6 LD 50 of native venom, allowed to an important immunoprotection of all immunized rabbits, with no recorded death. Taken together and with respect to the properties of nanoparticles and high immunogenicity, calcium-alginate nanoparticles could be considered as a new promising adjuvant system and a vaccine delivery against scorpion envenomation.
USTHB, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, BP 32 El-Alia, Bab-Ezzouar, Algiers, Algeria.
Faez Amokrane
FA
Nait Mohamed
USTHB, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, BP 32 El-Alia, Bab-Ezzouar, Algiers, Algeria. Electronic address: flaraba@hotmail.com.
Fatima
F
Laraba-Djebari
D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000737:chemistry; D000464:Alginates / Q000737:chemistry; D000818:Animals; D000917:Antibody Formation; D002118:Calcium / Q000737:chemistry; D004337:Drug Carriers / Q000737:chemistry*; D005260:Female; D020723:Glucuronic Acid / Q000737:chemistry; D006603:Hexuronic Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000097:blood; D007928:Lethal Dose 50; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry; D011817:Rabbits; D065008:Scorpion Stings / Q000628:therapy*; D012605:Scorpions; D014612:Vaccines / Q000737:chemistry*
D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000464:Alginates; D004337:Drug Carriers; D006603:Hexuronic Acids; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D014612:Vaccines; D020723:Glucuronic Acid; D002118:Calcium
Androctonus australis hector venom; Calcium–alginate nanoparticles; Delivery system; Immunogenicity; Vaccination