Influence of the presence of ethanol on in vitro bioavailability of fungicide residues.
The influence of ethanol on the in vitro bioavailability of nine fungicides in wines of varying degrees of alcohol is studied by simulating the digestive process by dialysis in semipermeable membranes. The dose of each fungicide corresponds to its added Maximum Residue Limits in the different matrices (water, ethanol, wines of 7, 11, 13 and 14.5% ethanol). A validated analytical methodology was used which includes extraction, partition according to the modified QuEChERS multiresidue method and liquid chromatography with triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry analysis. Interaction between the ethanol content and bioavailability was confirmed and increases were found in the dialyzed percentages with respect to the blank (the standard in water) for ametoctradin, mepanipyrim, cyazofamid, pyraclostrobin and metrafenone, while a decrease was observed for dimethomorph, boscalid and kresoxim-methyl. Fenhexamid showed no significant differences by alcohol content.
Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Geology and Pedology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, s/n, 30100, Murcia, Spain.
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Cermeño
Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Geology and Pedology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, s/n, 30100, Murcia, Spain.
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Martínez
Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Geology and Pedology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, s/n, 30100, Murcia, Spain. Electronic address: josoliva@um.es.
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Oliva
Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Geology and Pedology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, s/n, 30100, Murcia, Spain.
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Cámara
Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Geology and Pedology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, s/n, 30100, Murcia, Spain.
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Barba
D001682:Biological Availability; D002492:Central Nervous System Depressants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003956:Dialysis / Q000379:methods*; D000431:Ethanol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D010573:Pesticide Residues / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry; D027843:Vitis / Q000737:chemistry*; D014920:Wine / Q000032:analysis*
D002492:Central Nervous System Depressants; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D010573:Pesticide Residues; D000431:Ethanol
Bioavailability; Ethanol; Fungicides; Wine