Divergence of ecosystem services in U.S. National Forests and Grasslands under a changing climate.
The 170 National Forests and Grasslands (NFs) in the conterminous United States are public lands that provide important ecosystem services such as clean water and timber supply to the American people. This study investigates the potential impacts of climate change on two key ecosystem functions (i.e., water yield and ecosystem productivity) using the most recent climate projections derived from 20 Global Climate Models (GCMs) of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 5 (CMIP5). We find that future climate change may result in a significant reduction in water yield but an increase in ecosystem productivity in NFs. On average, gross ecosystem productivity is projected to increase by 76 ~ 229 g C m(-2) yr(-1) (8% ~ 24%) while water yield is projected to decrease by 18 ~ 31 mm yr(-1) (4% ~ 7%) by 2100 as a result of the combination of increased air temperature (+1.8 ~ +5.2 °C) and precipitation (+17 ~ +51 mm yr(-1)). The notable divergence in ecosystem services of water supply and carbon sequestration is expected to intensify under higher greenhouse gas emission and associated climate change in the future, posing greater challenges to managing NFs for both ecosystem services.
Department of Marine, Earth, and Atmospheric Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.
Kai
K
Duan
Eastern Forest Environmental Threat Assessment Center, USDA Forest Service, Raleigh, NC, USA.
Ge
G
Sun
Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Information Science &Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
Shanlei
S
Sun
Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory, USDA Forest Service, Otto, NC, USA.
Peter V
PV
Caldwell
Eastern Forest Environmental Threat Assessment Center, USDA Forest Service, Raleigh, NC, USA.
Erika C
EC
Cohen
Eastern Forest Environmental Threat Assessment Center, USDA Forest Service, Raleigh, NC, USA.
Steven G
SG
McNulty
State Climate Office of North Carolina, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.
Heather D
HD
Aldridge
Department of Marine, Earth, and Atmospheric Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.
Yang
Y
Zhang
D057965:Carbon Sequestration; D057231:Climate Change; D017753:Ecosystem; D065928:Forests; D065948:Grassland; D011891:Rain; D013696:Temperature; D014481:United States; D014881:Water Supply