Management of Small Vessel Vasculitides.
Inflammation mediated by cells of the immune system and necrosis are the most striking features observed at the histologic level in patients with vasculitides, clinical entities classified according to pathologic findings involving different organs, to etiology, or to size of vessels involved. Small vessel vasculitides (SVV) are a peculiar group of systemic disorders electively involving small intraparenchymal arteries, arterioles, capillaries, or venules and leading to different levels of vascular obstruction, tissue ischemia and risk of infarction; they can be divided into anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitides and immune complex vasculitides. Despite the significant advances in understanding the whole disease process and pathophysiology of SVV, strong efforts are still needed to draft, share and spread guidelines in the therapeutic management of these protean disorders. After an accurate evaluation of different open or double-blind trials and cohort studies in this review, we analyze the actual medical tools suggested for treating granulomatosis with polyangiitis, microscopic polyangiitis, eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis, Henoch-Schönlein purpura, cryoglobulinemic vasculitis, anti-glomerular basement membrane disease and hypocomplementemic urticarial vasculitis.
Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Rheumatology Unit, University of Bari, Bari, Italy.
Giuseppe
G
Lopalco
Institute of Pediatrics, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Università Cattolica Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.
Donato
D
Rigante
Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Rheumatology Unit, University of Bari, Bari, Italy.
Vincenzo
V
Venerito
Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
Giacomo
G
Emmi
Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Rheumatology Unit, University of Bari, Bari, Italy.
Maria Grazia
MG
Anelli
Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Rheumatology Unit, University of Bari, Bari, Italy.
Giovanni
G
Lapadula
Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Rheumatology Unit, University of Bari, Bari, Italy.
Florenzo
F
Iannone
Research Center of Systemic Autoinflammatory Diseases and Behçet's Disease Clinic, Department of Medical Sciences, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy. cantariniluca@hotmail.com.|Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Policlinico Le Scotte, Viale Bracci 1, 53100, Siena, Italy. cantariniluca@hotmail.com.
Luca
L
Cantarini
D056648:Anti-Neutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody-Associated Vasculitis / Q000188:drug therapy; D001688:Biological Products / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D007105:Immune Complex Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy*; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D056647:Systemic Vasculitis / Q000188:drug therapy*
D001688:Biological Products; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents
Biologics; Immunosuppressive agents; Therapy; Vasculitides