Corneal Curvature Radius in Myopia of Schoolchildren Versus Adult Myopia.
OBJECTIVE
To assess whether anterior corneal curvature radius (CCR) is associated with the increased prevalence of myopia in Asia.


METHODS
The investigation included the adult populations of the Central India Eye and Medical Study (CIEMS; 4711 adults) and Beijing Eye Study (BES; 3468 adults) and the children and teenager populations of the Shandong Children Eye Study (6026 children; age: 9.7 ± 3.3 years; range: 4-18 years) and Beijing Pediatric Eye Study (681 children; age: 7.7 ± 1.6 years; range: 5-13 years).


RESULTS
In both adult study populations, CCR was not significantly (BES: P = 0.60; CIEMS: P = 0.14) associated with the level of education. In highly myopic subgroups, longer CCR was associated with a lower educational level [CIEMS: P = 0.04; standardized regression coefficient β = -0.23; nonstandardized regression coefficient B: -0.06; 95% confidence interval (CI), -0.11 to 0.01] or showed a tendency toward a lower educational level (BES: P = 0.09; β = -0.25; B: -0.06; 95% CI, -0.12 to 0.01). In the young study populations, longer CCR was significantly associated with parameters indicating a lower educational level, such as lower educational level of father (P = 0.001; β: -0.04; B: -0.01; 95% CI, -0.02 to -0.01) and mother (P = 0.0.02; β: -0.14; B: -0.05; 95% CI, -0.09 to -0.01) and more time spent outdoors (P = 0.001; β: 0.15; B: 0.05; 95% CI, 0.02 to 0.07) and less time spent indoors (P < 0.001; β: -0.15; B: -0.04; 95% CI, -0.06 to -0.02). In all study populations, longer CCR was significantly correlated (multivariate analysis) with longer axial length and lower prevalence of high myopia.


CONCLUSIONS
Adult study populations and schoolchildren populations did not differ in the associations of longer CCR with parameters indicating a lower educational level, longer axial length, and lower prevalence of high myopia. CCR was not useful for the differentiation between high myopia in schoolchildren and high pathological myopia in adults.
*Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Science Key Lab, Beijing, China; †Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Faculty Mannheim of the Ruprecht-Karls-University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany; ‡Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China; §Eye Institute of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China; ¶Beijing Tongren Eye Care Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; ‖Suraj Eye Institute, Nagpur, India; and **Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
Jost B
JB
Jonas
Hong Sheng
HS
Bi
Jian Feng
JF
Wu
Liang
L
Xu
Ya Xing
YX
Wang
Wen Bin
WB
Wei
Vinay
V
Nangia
Ajit
A
Sinha
Yin
Y
Guo
Qi Sheng
QS
You
Kyoko
K
Ohno-Matsui
Songhomitra
S
Panda-Jonas
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D044466:Asian People / Q000208:ethnology; D058452:Axial Length, Eye / Q000473:pathology*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D003315:Cornea / Q000473:pathology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004522:Educational Status; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007194:India / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D047728:Myopia, Degenerative / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000208:ethnology; D015995:Prevalence