Office Endometrial Cytological Sampling: Examining Predictors of Strenuousness.
OBJECTIVE
Endometrial cytology is an alternative perspective for the diagnosis of endometrial cancer. The present study examined the potential risk factors for strenuousness in endometrial cytology sampling.


METHODS
One hundred and eighty-one women who underwent endometrial cytological sampling with the Endogyn curette participated in the study. Strenuousness in obtaining the sample was graded into a five-level scale-score. Various parameters were assessed in association with the strenuousness score. Multivariate ordinal logistic regression analysis was performed.


RESULTS
Postmenopausal status (adjusted OR=2.63, 95%CI=1.52-4.56, p=0.001) and previous invasive/surgical procedures in the cervix (adjusted OR=2.15, 95%CI=1.10-4.24, p=0.026) were associated with higher strenuousness score. Participants' age at sampling, phase of menstrual cycle, endometrial thickness, obesity, current hormonal use and reproductive history of women were not significantly associated with the strenuousness of the procedure.


CONCLUSIONS
Increased difficulty during endometrial sampling is noted in postmenopausal women, and in patients with previous surgical procedures in the cervix.
Unit of Gynecological Oncology, Third Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, General Hospital "Attikon", Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece makrismg@hotmail.com.
Georgios-Marios
GM
Makris
Assisted Reproduction Unit, Third Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, General Hospital "Attikon", Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
Charalampos
C
Siristatidis
Department of Cytopathology, General Hospital "Attikon", Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
Niki
N
Margari
Unit of Gynecological Oncology, Third Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, General Hospital "Attikon", Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
Charalampos
C
Chrelias
Unit of Gynecological Oncology, Third Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, General Hospital "Attikon", Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
Aristea-Maria
AM
Papanota
Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
Theodoros N
TN
Sergentanis
Department of Cytopathology, General Hospital "Attikon", Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
Petros
P
Karakitsos
Unit of Gynecological Oncology, Third Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, General Hospital "Attikon", Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
Nikolaos
N
Papantoniou
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003581:Cytodiagnosis / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*; D016889:Endometrial Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis*; D004717:Endometrium / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013048:Specimen Handling / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods
Endometrial cytology; endometrial cancer; obesity; postmenopausal; reproductive history; strenuousness