Innate immunity in HIV-1 infection: epithelial and non-specific host factors of mucosal immunity- a workshop report.
The interplay between HIV-1 and epithelial cells represents a critical aspect in mucosal HIV-1 transmission. Epithelial cells lining the oral cavity cover subepithelial tissues, which contain virus-susceptible host cells including CD4(+) T lymphocytes, monocytes/macrophages, and dendritic cells. Oral epithelia are among the sites of first exposure to both cell-free and cell-associated virus HIV-1 through breast-feeding and oral-genital contact. However, oral mucosa is considered to be naturally resistant to HIV-1 transmission. Oral epithelial cells have been shown to play a crucial role in innate host defense. Nevertheless, it is not clear to what degree these local innate immune factors contribute to HIV-1 resistance of the oral mucosa. This review paper addressed the following issues that were discussed at the 7th World Workshop on Oral Health and Disease in AIDS held in Hyderabad, India, during November 6-9, 2014: (i) What is the fate of HIV-1 after interactions with oral epithelial cells?; (ii) What are the keratinocyte and other anti-HIV effector oral factors, and how do they contribute to mucosal protection?; (iii) How can HIV-1 interactions with oral epithelium affect activation and populations of local immune cells?; (iv) How can HIV-1 interactions alter functions of oral epithelial cells?
Excellent Research Laboratory, Phytomedicine and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Excellence Center, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand.|Natural Products Research Center of Excellence, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand.
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W
Nittayananta
Department of Biological Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
A
A
Weinberg
Department of Basic Science, NYU College of Dentistry, New York, NY, USA.
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D
Malamud
Mucosal and Salivary Biology Division, King's College Dental Institute, King's College, London, UK.
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D
Moyes
University of North Carolina Chapel Hill Schools of Dentistry and Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
J
J
Webster-Cyriaque
Department of Biological Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
S
S
Ghosh
D003226:Congresses as Topic; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000276:immunology* / Q000502:physiology; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000276:immunology*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000276:immunology*; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D018928:Immunity, Mucosal; D015603:Keratinocytes / Q000276:immunology
AIDS; HIV; epithelial cell; innate immunity; mucosa; oral