Vitamin D in dementia prevention.
Beyond effects on bone health, vitamin D exerts effects on a variety of target organs, including the brain. The discussion herein presents the state of the art in research on the neurological role of vitamin D and clinical implications among older adults, including implications for dementia onset and progression. Some of the neurosteroid actions of vitamin D include regulation of calcium homeostasis, clearance of amyloid-β peptide, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, and possible protection against the neurodegenerative mechanisms associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD). The correction of age-related hypovitaminosis D and cognitive decline has been reported by various cross-sectional and longitudinal studies reporting associations of lower vitamin D concentrations with brain changes and poorer cognition, specifically with respect to executive dysfunction. Epidemiological studies have consistently shown an association between inadequate dietary intake of vitamin D and cognitive disorders, including greater AD risk. Although there have not been any randomized placebo-controlled trials conducted to examine the effectiveness of vitamin D supplementation to prevent AD, several nonrandomized controlled studies have found that older adults experienced cognitive improvements after 1-15 months of vitamin D supplementation. Therefore, it appears crucial to maintain vitamin D concentrations at sufficiently high levels in order to slow, prevent, or improve neurocognitive decline.
Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, University Memory Center, Angers University Hospital, Angers, France.|UPRES EA 4638, University of Angers, L'UNAM, Angers, France.|Robarts Research Institute, Department of Medical Biophysics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.
Cédric
C
Annweiler
D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control; D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism; D003704:Dementia / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006801:Humans; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000378:metabolism; D014808:Vitamin D Deficiency / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000378:metabolism
D014807:Vitamin D
Alzheimer's disease; cognition; dementia; neuroendocrinology; older adults; vitamin D