Effect of remote ischemic preconditioning on postoperative acute kidney injury among patients undergoing cardiac and vascular interventions: a meta-analysis.
It is currently controversial whether remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC) reduces the incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients undergoing cardiovascular interventions. The main objective of this meta-analysis was to investigate whether RIPC provides renal protection for patients undergoing cardiac or vascular surgery. We searched the PubMed database (1966-Oct 2015), Embase database (1966-Oct 2015), Google Scholar, Cochrane Library, ClinicalTrials Database and Open Grey. Then we conducted a meta-analysis of the randomized controlled trials that met the inclusion criteria of our study. The interventions included use of an inflatable tourniquet around the limbs or cross-clamping of the iliac arteries before surgery (RIPC groups) and general cardiovascular intervention (control groups). The main outcomes examined included the incidence of AKI; changes in acute kidney injury biomarkers; and use of renal replacement therapy. Other outcomes examined included in-hospital mortality and the lengths of hospital stay and intensive care unit (ICU) stay. Finally, we screened 26 eligible studies containing 6699 patients who underwent cardiac or vascular interventions with RIPC (n = 3343) or without RIPC (n = 3356). The AKI incidence was decreased in the RIPC group as was the length of ICU stay. There were no differences in the changes in AKI biomarkers, use of renal replacement therapy or in-hospital mortality between the two groups. Remote ischemic preconditioning may decrease the occurrence of AKI in cardiovascular surgery patients. Since studies included have a significant heterogeneity, meta-analyses using a stricter inclusion criteria are needed to clarify the renoprotection effect of RIPC.
Kidney Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Qinchun Road 79#, Hangzhou, 310003, People's Republic of China.|Kidney Disease Immunology Laboratory, The Third Grade Laboratory, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of P.R. China, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.|Key Laboratory of Multiple Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Health, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.|Key Laboratory of Nephropathy, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
Bingjue
B
Li
Kidney Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Qinchun Road 79#, Hangzhou, 310003, People's Republic of China.|Kidney Disease Immunology Laboratory, The Third Grade Laboratory, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of P.R. China, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.|Key Laboratory of Multiple Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Health, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.|Key Laboratory of Nephropathy, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
Xiabing
X
Lang
Kidney Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Qinchun Road 79#, Hangzhou, 310003, People's Republic of China.|Kidney Disease Immunology Laboratory, The Third Grade Laboratory, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of P.R. China, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.|Key Laboratory of Multiple Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Health, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.|Key Laboratory of Nephropathy, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
Luxi
L
Cao
Kidney Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Qinchun Road 79#, Hangzhou, 310003, People's Republic of China.|Kidney Disease Immunology Laboratory, The Third Grade Laboratory, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of P.R. China, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.|Key Laboratory of Multiple Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Health, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.|Key Laboratory of Nephropathy, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
Yuchen
Y
Wang
Kidney Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Qinchun Road 79#, Hangzhou, 310003, People's Republic of China.|Kidney Disease Immunology Laboratory, The Third Grade Laboratory, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of P.R. China, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.|Key Laboratory of Multiple Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Health, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.|Key Laboratory of Nephropathy, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
Yingying
Y
Lu
Kidney Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Qinchun Road 79#, Hangzhou, 310003, People's Republic of China.|Kidney Disease Immunology Laboratory, The Third Grade Laboratory, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of P.R. China, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.|Key Laboratory of Multiple Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Health, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.|Key Laboratory of Nephropathy, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
Shi
S
Feng
Kidney Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Qinchun Road 79#, Hangzhou, 310003, People's Republic of China.|Kidney Disease Immunology Laboratory, The Third Grade Laboratory, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of P.R. China, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.|Key Laboratory of Multiple Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Health, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.|Key Laboratory of Nephropathy, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
Yi
Y
Yang
Kidney Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Qinchun Road 79#, Hangzhou, 310003, People's Republic of China.|Kidney Disease Immunology Laboratory, The Third Grade Laboratory, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of P.R. China, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.|Key Laboratory of Multiple Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Health, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.|Key Laboratory of Nephropathy, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
Jianghua
J
Chen
Kidney Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Qinchun Road 79#, Hangzhou, 310003, People's Republic of China. annie.jh@163.com.|Kidney Disease Immunology Laboratory, The Third Grade Laboratory, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of P.R. China, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China. annie.jh@163.com.|Key Laboratory of Multiple Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Health, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China. annie.jh@163.com.|Key Laboratory of Nephropathy, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China. annie.jh@163.com.
Hong
H
Jiang
D058186:Acute Kidney Injury / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000628:therapy; D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D019194:Ischemic Preconditioning; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000628:therapy; D017582:Renal Replacement Therapy; D014656:Vascular Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects*
Acute kidney injury; Cardiac and vascular interventions; Meta-analysis; Remote ischemic preconditioning