Evaluation of the reliability and validity of the newer AOSpine subaxial cervical injury classification (C-3 to C-7).
OBJECTIVE The authors evaluated a new classification for subaxial cervical spine trauma (SCST) recently proposed by the AOSpine group based on morphological criteria obtained using CT imaging. METHODS Patients with SCST treated at the authors' institution according to the Subaxial Cervical Spine Injury Classification system were included. Five different blinded researchers classified patients' injuries according to the new AOSpine system using CT imaging at 2 different times (4-week interval between each assessment). Reliability was assessed using the kappa index (κ), while validity was inferred by comparing the classification obtained with the treatment performed. RESULTS Fifty-one patients were included: 31 underwent surgical treatment, and 20 were managed nonsurgically. Intraobserver agreement for subgroups ranged from 0.61 to 0.93, and interobserver agreement was 0.51 (first assessment) and 0.6 (second assessment). Intraobserver agreement for groups ranged from 0.66 to 0.95, and interobserver agreement was 0.52 (first assessment) and 0.63 (second assessment). The kappa index in all evaluations was 0.67 for Type A, 0.08 for Type B, and 0.68 for Type C injuries, and for the facet modifier it was 0.33 (F1), 0.4 (F2), 0.56 (F3), and 0.75 (F4). Complete agreement for all components was attained in 25 cases (49%) (19 Type A and 6 Type C), and for subgroups it was attained in 22 cases (43.1%) (16 Type A0 and 6 Type C). Type A0 injuries were treated conservatively or surgically according to their neurological status and ligamentous status. Type C injuries were treated surgically in almost all cases, except one. CONCLUSIONS While the general reliability of the newer AOSpine system for SCST was acceptable for group classification, significant limitations were identified for subgroups. Type B injuries were rarely diagnosed, and only mild (Type A0) and extreme severe (Type C) injuries had a high rate of interobserver agreement. Facet modifiers and intermediate injury patterns require better descriptions to improve their low agreement in cases of SCST.
Department of Neurology, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil; and.
Otávio Turolo da
OT
Silva
Department of Neurology, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil; and.
Marcelo Ferreira
MF
Sabba
Department of Neurology, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil; and.
Henrique Igor Gomes
HI
Lira
Department of Orthopedics, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois.
Enrico
E
Ghizoni
Department of Neurology, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil; and.
Helder
H
Tedeschi
Department of Orthopedics, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois.
Alpesh A
AA
Patel
Department of Neurology, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil; and.
Andrei Fernandes
AF
Joaquim
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002574:Cervical Vertebrae / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000293:injuries*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013124:Spinal Injuries / Q000145:classification* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000628:therapy; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods; D055815:Young Adult
AIS = American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale; SCI = spinal cord injury; SCST = subaxial cervical spine trauma; SLIC = Subaxial Cervical Spine Injury Classification; cervical trauma; classification; evaluation; reliability; subaxial cervical spine; treatment