Relationship of nutrition knowledge and self-reported dietary behaviors with urinary excretion of sodium and potassium: comparison between dietitians and nondietitians.
The effectiveness of better nutrition knowledge and dietary behavior on healthier dietary intake is still controversial. We hypothesized that nutritional knowledge and dietary behavior are associated with sodium and potassium intake in adult women. A cross-sectional study was conducted at welfare facilities located in 20 areas of Japan. Ninety-nine female dietitians and 117 nondietitians aged 20 to 69 years participated. Sodium and potassium intake were assessed with two 24-hour urine collections and 4-day semiweighed diet records. Nutritional knowledge and dietary behavior were accessed with 3 questionnaires. Analysis of covariance was performed to compare sodium and potassium excretion and selected nutrition and food intake between dietitians and nondietitians. After adjustment for age and smoking habit, sodium and potassium excretion did not significantly differ between the 2 groups (3857 vs 3959 mg/d, P = .57, and 2016 vs 1886 mg/d, P = .10, respectively). Sodium/potassium ratio was significantly lower in the dietitians (P = .044). The dietitians used food labels for sodium contents more often than the nondietitians and consumed more fruits and vegetables (P = .048 and P < .0001, respectively) and less sugar and confectionaries and fat and oils (P = .016 and P = .010, respectively). In conclusion, the higher level of nutritional knowledge and better dietary behavior were not associated with either sodium or potassium excretion but were moderately associated with sodium/potassium ratio.
Department of Social and Preventive Epidemiology, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan. Electronic address: msugimoto@m.u-tokyo.ac.jp.
Minami
M
Sugimoto
Interfaculty Initiative in Information Studies, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan. Electronic address: kasakura@m.u-tokyo.ac.jp.
Keiko
K
Asakura
Ikurien-naka, Naka-shi, Ibaraki 311-0105, Japan.
Shizuko
S
Masayasu
Department of Social and Preventive Epidemiology, School of Public Health, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan. Electronic address: stssasak@m.u-tokyo.ac.jp.
Satoshi
S
Sasaki
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D004032:Diet; D015930:Diet Records; D005260:Female; D005518:Food Preferences; D015438:Health Behavior; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D008875:Middle Aged; D015596:Nutrition Assessment; D009747:Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D064686:Nutritionists; D011188:Potassium / Q000652:urine*; D017419:Potassium, Dietary / Q000008:administration & dosage; D057566:Self Report; D012964:Sodium / Q000652:urine*; D012982:Sodium, Dietary / Q000008:administration & dosage; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
D017419:Potassium, Dietary; D012982:Sodium, Dietary; D012964:Sodium; D011188:Potassium
Dietary behavior; Intake; Nutrition knowledge; Potassium; Sodium