Family intervention in a prison environment: A systematic literature review.
BACKGROUND
The prison population in England and Wales is approximately 85,000, and elevated rates of mental health difficulties have been reported among the prisoners. Despite frequent recommendations for family interventions to optimise prisoner outcomes, the evidence for its use and impact in prison remain unclear.


OBJECTIVE
The aim of the study is to conduct a systematic review of published literature on family interventions in prisons.


METHODS
Embase, PsychINFO and Medline were searched using terms for family interventions and for prisoners or young offenders. No limit was imposed on study design, but, for inclusion, we required that papers were written in English and published in peer-reviewed journals.


RESULTS
Nine hundred eighty-three titles were retrieved. Twenty-two met criteria for inclusion. Three were case studies, 12 were descriptive, 6 were quasi-experimental and one was a randomised controlled trial. Interventions and study methods were too heterogeneous for meta-analysis. All studies gave positive conclusions about family interventions, but empirical data on effectiveness were slight.


CONCLUSIONS
Consistency in findings across the wide-ranging studies suggested that family therapies may indeed be helpful for prisoners and their families, so further research is warranted. The fact that a randomised controlled trial proved feasible should encourage researchers to seek more robust data and to determine which form of intervention is effective and in which circumstances. It would also be useful to develop an improved understanding of mechanisms of change. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.|South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
Anna
A
Roberts
Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.|South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
Juliana
J
Onwumere
Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.|South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
Andrew
A
Forrester
South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.|University College London, London, UK.
Vyv
V
Huddy
Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.|South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
Majella
M
Byrne
Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.|South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
Catherine
C
Campbell
Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.|South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
Manuela
M
Jarrett
Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.|South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
Patricia
P
Phillip
Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.|South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
Lucia
L
Valmaggia
D004739:England; D005190:Family; D006801:Humans; D011329:Prisoners / Q000523:psychology*; D011330:Prisons; D014852:Wales