Polyphenol intake from a Mediterranean diet decreases inflammatory biomarkers related to atherosclerosis: a substudy of the PREDIMED trial.
High dietary polyphenol intake is associated with reduced all-cause mortality and a lower incidence of cardiovascular events. However, the mechanisms involved are not fully understood. The aim of the present substudy of the PREvención con DIetaMEDiterránea (Prevention with Mediterranean diet; PREDIMED) trial was to analyse the relationship between polyphenol intake measured by total urinary polyphenol excretion (TPE), and circulating inflammatory biomarkers and cardiovascular risk factors in elderly individuals. A substudy of 1139 high-risk participants was carried out within the PREDIMED trial. The subjects were randomly assigned to a low-fat control diet or to two Mediterranean diets, supplemented with either extra-virgin olive oil or nuts. Dietary intake, anthropometric data, clinical and laboratory assessments, including inflammatory biomarkers, and urinary TPE were measured at baseline and after the one-year intervention. Participants in the highest tertile of changes in urinary TPE (T3) showed significantly lower plasma levels of inflammatory biomarkers [vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1) (-9.47 ng ml-1), intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (-14.71 ng ml-1), interleukin 6 (-1.21 pg ml-1), tumour necrosis factor alpha (-7.05 pg ml-1) and monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (-3.36 pg ml-1)] than those inthe lowest tertile (T1, P < 0.02; all). A significant inverse correlation existed between urinary TPE and the plasma concentration of\VCAM-1 (r = -0.301; P < 0.001). In addition, systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP) decreased and plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol increased in parallel with increasing urinary TPE (T3 vs. T1) (P < 0.005 and P = 0.004, respectively). Increases in polyphenol intake measured as urinary TPE are associated with decreased inflammatory biomarkers, suggesting a dose-dependent anti-inflammatory effect of polyphenols. In addition, high polyphenol intake improves cardiovascular risk factors- mainly BP and the lipid profile.
Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.|Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
Alexander
A
Medina-Remón
Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.|Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
Rosa
R
Casas
Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.|Department of Nutrition and Food Science-XaRTA-INSA, School of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
Anna
A
Tressserra-Rimbau
Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.|Lipid Clinic, Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain.
Emilio
E
Ros
Department of Nutrition and Food Science-XaRTA-INSA, School of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.|Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
Miguel A
MA
Martínez-González
Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.|Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group, Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Biomèdiques (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain.
Montserrat
M
Fitó
Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.|Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Nutrition and Food Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
Dolores
D
Corella
Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.|Human Nutrition Unit, School of Medicine, IISPV, University Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain.
Jordi
J
Salas-Salvadó
Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.|Department of Nutrition and Food Science-XaRTA-INSA, School of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
Rosa M
RM
Lamuela-Raventos
Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.|Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
Ramón
R
Estruch
D000368:Aged; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000652:urine; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D038441:Diet, Mediterranean; D006801:Humans; D059808:Polyphenols / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
D015415:Biomarkers; D059808:Polyphenols
Folin-Ciocalteu; Mediterranean diet; blood pressure; hypertension; inflammatory biomarkers; urinary polyphenol biomarker