Proteomics strategies for bipolar disorder evaluation: From sample preparation to validation.
Bipolar disorder (BD) is a complex and costly psychiatric disorder, which affects one hundred million people worldwide. Due to its heterogeneity, correct BD diagnosis is still a challenge. In order to overcome this issue, different bioanalytical strategies have been proposed in the literature recently. Among these strategies, proteomic approaches have arisen as some of the most promising in the area. Thus, recent applications suggest protein profiles to further refine the proteome of BD as well as the discovery of novel protein biomarkers to facilitate diagnostics. In this review, the state-of-art of proteomic research in BD is summarized. Furthermore, important aspects of proteomics for understanding of BD, such as sample type and size, sampling, sample preparation, gel-based and gel-free proteomics, proteomic quantitative and protein validation are overviewed.
Spectrometry, Sample Preparation and Mechanization Group, GEPAM, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil; National Institute of Science and Technology for Bioanalytics, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil; UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal.
Jemmyson Romário
JR
de Jesus
Spectrometry, Sample Preparation and Mechanization Group, GEPAM, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil; National Institute of Science and Technology for Bioanalytics, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil.
Gustavo de Souza
GS
Pessôa
Spectrometry, Sample Preparation and Mechanization Group, GEPAM, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil; National Institute of Science and Technology for Bioanalytics, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil.
Alessandra
A
Sussulini
UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal; ProteoMass Scientific Society, MadanPark, Rua dos Inventores s/n, Monte de Caparica, Caparica, Portugal.
José Luis Capelo
JLC
Martínez
Spectrometry, Sample Preparation and Mechanization Group, GEPAM, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil; National Institute of Science and Technology for Bioanalytics, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil. Electronic address: zezzi@iqm.unicamp.br.
Marco Aurélio Zezzi
MAZ
Arruda
D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis*; D006801:Humans; D011506:Proteins / Q000032:analysis / Q000592:standards; D040901:Proteomics / Q000379:methods* / Q000639:trends; D013048:Specimen Handling / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards
D011506:Proteins
Analytical proteomics; Biomarkers; Diagnosis; Mental illness; Sequence of analysis