Does at-home bleaching induce systemic oxidative stress in healthy subjects?
BACKGROUND
At-home bleaching is a technique characterized by the use of carbamide peroxide or hydrogen peroxide as a tooth-whitening agent. However, no data exist regarding systemic safety of this technique. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of at-home bleaching on serum redox homeostasis.


METHODS
Twenty-nine healthy volunteers who requested tooth-whitening participated in this study. Specified bleaching trays were fabricated for the maxilla and mandible arches. Each participant was given two syringes containing 9% hydrogen peroxide gel to use for 30 min/night for 14 nights consecutively. To evaluate the redox status, the serum concentrations of malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and pro-oxidant-antioxidant balance (PAB) were measured. Blood samples were obtained in the morning prior to initiation of study and the morning after expiration of the bleaching period. The collected data were analyzed using Student's t-test with 95% confidence interval.


RESULTS
Twenty-three subjects completed the study. MDA, PAB and TAC were significantly increased after the bleaching period (P = 0.001, 0.001 and 0.002, respectively).


CONCLUSIONS
At-home bleaching revealed the potential to disturb oxidant-antioxidant balance and induce oxidative stress. Its clinical relevance is unfavourable and potential side-effects of at-home bleaching should be considered.
Dental Research Centre, Department of Operative and Esthetic Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
M
M
Akbari
Post Graduate Student of Faculty of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
A H
AH
Nejat
Department of Operative and Esthetic Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
N
N
Farkhondeh
Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
S
S
Mehraban Moghadam
Surgical Oncology Research Centre, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.|Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
S I
SI
Hashemy
Dental Materials Research Centre, Department of Operative and Esthetic Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
H S
HS
Mohammadipour
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000077463:Carbamide Peroxide; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005260:Female; D064368:Healthy Volunteers; D006801:Humans; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000097:blood; D008875:Middle Aged; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D010545:Peroxides / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D012648:Self Care; D058205:Tooth Bleaching Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D014508:Urea / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D055815:Young Adult
D004338:Drug Combinations; D010545:Peroxides; D058205:Tooth Bleaching Agents; D000077463:Carbamide Peroxide; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D014508:Urea; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide
Dental bleaching; hydrogen peroxide; oxidative stress; redox