Epidermal differentiation gene regulatory networks controlled by MAF and MAFB.
Numerous regulatory factors in epidermal differentiation and their role in regulating different cell states have been identified in recent years. However, the genetic interactions between these regulators over the dynamic course of differentiation have not been studied. In this Extra-View article, we review recent work by Lopez-Pajares et al. that explores a new regulatory network in epidermal differentiation. They analyze the changing transcriptome throughout epidermal regeneration to identify 3 separate gene sets enriched in the progenitor, early and late differentiation states. Using expression module mapping, MAF along with MAFB, are identified as transcription factors essential for epidermal differentiation. Through double knock-down of MAF:MAFB using siRNA and CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout, epidermal differentiation was shown to be impaired both in-vitro and in-vivo, confirming MAF:MAFB's role to activate genes that drive differentiation. Lopez-Pajares and collaborators integrated 42 published regulator gene sets and the MAF:MAFB gene set into the dynamic differentiation gene expression landscape and found that lncRNAs TINCR and ANCR act as upstream regulators of MAF:MAFB. Furthermore, ChIP-seq analysis of MAF:MAFB identified key transcription factor genes linked to epidermal differentiation as downstream effectors. Combined, these findings illustrate a dynamically regulated network with MAF:MAFB as a crucial link for progenitor gene repression and differentiation gene activation.
a Program in Epithelial Biology, Stanford University , Stanford , CA , USA.
Andrew T
AT
Labott
a Program in Epithelial Biology, Stanford University , Stanford , CA , USA.
Vanessa
V
Lopez-Pajares
D000818:Animals; D064113:CRISPR-Cas Systems; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000071221:Enhancer of Zeste Homolog 2 Protein / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000078404:Epidermal Cells; D004817:Epidermis / Q000378:metabolism; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D053263:Gene Regulatory Networks; D006801:Humans; D051258:MafB Transcription Factor / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051257:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-maf / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D062085:RNA, Long Noncoding / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*
C571057:ANCR long noncoding RNA, human; C081876:CKAP4 protein, human; D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins; C495607:MAF protein, human; C490407:MAFB protein, human; D051258:MafB Transcription Factor; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D051257:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-maf; D062085:RNA, Long Noncoding; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins; C492185:STAU1 protein, human; C000618032:TINCR lncRNA, human; C498409:EZH2 protein, human; D000071221:Enhancer of Zeste Homolog 2 Protein
epidermal differentiation; epigenetics; lncRNA; regulatory network; stem cells; transcription factors