Biomimetic/Bioinspired Design of Enzyme@capsule Nano/Microsystems.
Enzyme@capsule nano/microsystems, which refer to the enzyme-immobilized capsules, have received tremendous interest owing to the combination of the high catalytic activities of encapsulated enzymes and the hierarchical structure of the capsule. The preparation of capsules and simultaneous encapsulation of enzymes is recognized as the core process for the rational design and construction of enzyme@capsule nano/microsystems. The strategy used has three major steps: (a) generation of the templates, (b) surface coating on the templates, and (c) removal of the templates, and it has been proven to be effective and versatile for the construction of enzyme@capsule nano/microsystems. Several conventional methods, including layer-by-layer assembly of polyelectrolytes, liquid crystalline templating method, etc., were used to design and construct enzyme@capsule nano/microsystems, but these have two major drawbacks. One is the low mechanical stability of the systems and the second is the harsh conditions used in the construction process. Learning from nature, several biomimetic/bioinspired methods such as biomineralization, biomimetic/bioinspired adhesion, and their combination have been exploited for the construction of enzyme@capsule nano/microsystems. In this chapter, we will present a general protocol for the construction of enzyme@capsule nano/microsystems using the latter approach. Some suggestions for improved design, construction, and characterization will also be presented with detailed procedures for specific examples.
School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, China.
J
J
Shi
School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, HeBei University of Technology, Tianjin, China.
Y
Y
Jiang
Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China.
S
S
Zhang
School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, China.
D
D
Yang
Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, China; Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China. Electronic address: zhyjiang@tju.edu.cn.
Z
Z
Jiang
D000426:Alcohol Dehydrogenase / Q000737:chemistry; D032701:Biomimetics; D002119:Calcium Carbonate / Q000737:chemistry; D002254:Carbonates / Q000737:chemistry; D002374:Catalase / Q000737:chemistry; D002614:Chelating Agents / Q000737:chemistry; D004492:Edetic Acid / Q000737:chemistry; D004800:Enzymes, Immobilized / Q000737:chemistry*; D005560:Formate Dehydrogenases / Q000737:chemistry; D005949:Glucose Oxidase / Q000737:chemistry; D053769:Nanocapsules / Q000737:chemistry*; D059808:Polyphenols / Q000737:chemistry; D011479:Protamines / Q000737:chemistry
D002254:Carbonates; D002614:Chelating Agents; D004800:Enzymes, Immobilized; D053769:Nanocapsules; D059808:Polyphenols; D011479:Protamines; C005686:sodium carbonate; D004492:Edetic Acid; D000426:Alcohol Dehydrogenase; D005949:Glucose Oxidase; D002374:Catalase; D005560:Formate Dehydrogenases; D002119:Calcium Carbonate
Biomimetic/bioinspired adhesion; Biomimetic/bioinspired methods; Biomimetic/bioinspired mineralization; Enzyme encapsulation; Enzyme@capsule nano/microsystems