Outbreak of unusual Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium monophasic variant 1,4 [5],12:i:-, Italy, June 2013 to September 2014.
Monophasic variant of Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar Typhimurium (monophasic S. Typhimurium), with antigenic structure 1,4,[5],12:i:-, appears to be of increasing importance in Europe. In Italy, monophasic S. Typhimurium represented the third most frequent Salmonella serovar isolated from human cases between 2004 and 2008. From June 2013 to October 2014, a total of 206 human cases of salmonellosis were identified in Abruzzo region (Central Italy). Obtained clinical isolates characterised showed S. Typhimurium 1,4,[5],12:i:- with sole resistance to nalidixic acid, which had never been observed in Italy in monophasic S. Typhimurium, neither in humans nor in animals or foods. Epidemiological, microbiological and environmental investigations were conducted to try to identify the outbreak source. Cases were interviewed using a standardised questionnaire and microbiological tests were performed on human as well as environmental samples, including samples from fruit and vegetables, pigs, and surface water. Investigation results did not identify the final vehicle of human infection, although a link between the human cases and the contamination of irrigation water channels was suggested.
Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise, Teramo, Italy.
Francesca
F
Cito
Francesca
F
Baldinelli
Paolo
P
Calistri
Elisabetta
E
Di Giannatale
Gaia
G
Scavia
Massimiliano
M
Orsini
Simona
S
Iannetti
Lorena
L
Sacchini
Iolanda
I
Mangone
Luca
L
Candeloro
Annamaria
A
Conte
Carla
C
Ippoliti
Daniela
D
Morelli
Giacomo
G
Migliorati
Nadia Beatrice
NB
Barile
Cristina
C
Marfoglia
Stefania
S
Salucci
Cesare
C
Cammà
Maurilia
M
Marcacci
Massimo
M
Ancora
Anna Maria
AM
Dionisi
Slawomir
S
Owczartek
Ida
I
Luzzi
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D016358:Contact Tracing; D004196:Disease Outbreaks / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007558:Italy / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011159:Population Surveillance; D012485:Salmonella typhi / Q000145:classification* / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D017678:Sex Distribution; D013045:Species Specificity; D014435:Typhoid Fever / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology*; D055815:Young Adult
Outbreak; irrigation water contamination; monophasic S. Typhimurium