Children of parents with alcohol problems performing normality: A qualitative interview study about unmet needs for professional support.
BACKGROUND
Children of parents with alcohol problems are at risk for serious long-term health consequences. Knowledge is limited about how to recognize those in need of support and how to offer respectful services.


METHODS
From nine interviews with adult children from families with alcohol problems, we explored childhood experiences, emphasizing issues concerning potentially unmet needs for professional support. Smart's perspective on family secrets and Goffman's dramaturgical metaphor on social order of the family focusing on the social drama and the dramaturgy enacted by the children supported our cross-case thematic analysis.


RESULTS
The social interaction in the family was disrupted during childhood because of the parent's drinking problems. An everyday drama characterized by tension and threats, blame and manipulation was the backstage of their everyday life. Dealing with the drama, the children experienced limited parental support. Some children felt betrayed by the other parent who might trivialize the problems and excuse the drinking parent. Family activities and routines were disturbed, and uncertainty and insecurity was created. The children struggled to restore social order within the family and to act as normally as possible outside the family. It was a dilemma for the children to disclose the difficulties of the family.


CONCLUSIONS
Altogether, the children worked hard to perform a normally functioning family, managing a situation characterized by unmet needs for professional support. Adequate support requires recognition of the children's efforts to perform a normally functioning family.
Health Services Research Unit, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway; anne.werner@ahus.no.
Anne
A
Werner
Research Unit for General Practice, Uni Research Health, Bergen, Norway.|Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.|The Research Unit for General Practice and Section of General Practice, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
Kirsti
K
Malterud
D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000328:Adult; D019973:Alcohol-Related Disorders; D016241:Child of Impaired Parents / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006297:Health Services Accessibility; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009664:Norway; D010287:Parent-Child Relations; D010290:Parents / Q000523:psychology*; D036301:Qualitative Research; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000523:psychology
Alcohol; childhood; dramaturgical metaphor; family secrets; health care; interviews; social interaction