Occurrence of microcystins in water, bloom, sediment and fish from a public water supply.
Microcystin (MC) accumulation was determined in the liver and muscle of two omnivorous fish species which are consumed and are economically important, and in a planktivorous-carnivorous fish from Lake Eğirdir, Turkey. Free extractable MCs in fish tissue samples were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with confirmation by high performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array detection (HPLC-PDA). MC-LA and -YR, were detected in both liver and muscle, followed by MCs -LY, -LF, -RR and -LR respectively. The MC concentrations varied between 0.043 and 1.72μg/g dry weight in liver and muscle tissues. MCs were also determined in samples of water, sediment and a bloom sample of Microcystis aeruginosa from the lake by HPLC-PDA. MC-LY and -YR were most commonly identified in water samples, with total MC concentrations ranging from 2.9±0.05 to 13.5±2.3μg/L. Sediment analyses, showed that MC-YR was present in samples between 7.0 and 17.6μg/g dw, especially in October, November and December when no MC-YR was recorded in water, followed by MC-LW. The findings indicate that water and sediment contained MCs, and more importantly that fish were contaminated with MCs that may pose an MC-associated human health risk.
Department of Environmental Engineering, University of Aksaray, Aksaray 68200, Turkey. Electronic address: fatma_gurbuz@yahoo.com.
Fatma
F
Gurbuz
Faculty of Fisheries, Suleyman Demirel University, Eğirdir, Isparta, Turkey.
Oğuz Y
OY
Uzunmehmetoğlu
Faculty of Fisheries, Suleyman Demirel University, Eğirdir, Isparta, Turkey.
Öznur
Ö
Diler
Institute for Ethnomedicine, Box 3464, Jackson, WY 83001, USA.
James S
JS
Metcalf
Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, UK; School of the Environment, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia.
Geoffrey A
GA
Codd
D000818:Animals; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005399:Fishes / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000382:microbiology; D057097:Harmful Algal Bloom; D006801:Humans; D060106:Lakes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000382:microbiology; D052998:Microcystins / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D046931:Microcystis / Q000254:growth & development*; D014421:Turkey; D014871:Water Microbiology; D014873:Water Pollutants; D014881:Water Supply / Q000706:statistics & numerical data
D052998:Microcystins; D014873:Water Pollutants; C000614141:microcystin-LW; C065685:microcystin YR; C084459:microcystin LY; C078588:microcystin; C049865:cyanoginosin-LA
ELISA; Fish tissue; HPLC analysis; Microcystins; Sediment; Water