[En Route for Objective Evaluation of Form, Volume, and Symmetry in Plastic Surgery using 3-D Intraoperative Scans].
BACKGROUND
There has been ongoing development in the field of 3-dimensional (3-D) Surface Imaging by laser scanner and digital 3-D photography (Photogrammetry) in recent years. Manufacturers tend to make new 3-D cameras compact, light-weighted, mobile, and user-friendly, similar to the development on the smartphone market. Although 3D scans have been used for patient consultations and digital documentation in Plastic Surgery since the 1980, there has been no significant development lately regarding its use for objective assistance during surgery.


METHODS
Our research team presents a new intraoperative 3-D scanning method for plastic-surgical procedures with selected mobile 3-D scanner systems. In the future, these might assist surgeons with the pre-, post-, and intraoperative 3-D analysis, choice of therapy, consultation, and documentation.


RESULTS
The 3-D scanners were successfully validated for their intraoperative application to several patients. With their introduction, an intraoperative, objective measurement of volume to evaluate form and symmetry was possible.


CONCLUSIONS
In this work, we share our first experience with the intraoperative use of new mobile 3D camera systems, discuss pros and cons, and show selected patient examples.
Abteilung für Handchirurgie, Plastische Chirurgie und Ästhetische Chirurgie der Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Campus Innenstadt und Campus Großhadern.
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Koban
Abteilung für Handchirurgie, Plastische Chirurgie und Ästhetische Chirurgie der Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Campus Innenstadt und Campus Großhadern.
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Schenck
Abteilung für Handchirurgie, Plastische Chirurgie und Ästhetische Chirurgie der Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Campus Innenstadt und Campus Großhadern.
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Metz
Abteilung für Handchirurgie, Plastische Chirurgie und Ästhetische Chirurgie der Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Campus Innenstadt und Campus Großhadern.
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Volkmer
Abteilung für Handchirurgie, Plastische Chirurgie und Ästhetische Chirurgie der Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Campus Innenstadt und Campus Großhadern.
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Haertnagl
Abteilung für Handchirurgie, Plastische Chirurgie und Ästhetische Chirurgie der Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Campus Innenstadt und Campus Großhadern.
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Titze
Abteilung für Handchirurgie, Plastische Chirurgie und Ästhetische Chirurgie der Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Campus Innenstadt und Campus Großhadern.
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Giunta
D000328:Adult; D001830:Body Surface Area; D004282:Documentation; D004867:Equipment Design; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000295:instrumentation*; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000295:instrumentation*; D007431:Intraoperative Complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D007834:Lasers; D010347:Patient Care Planning; D010780:Photogrammetry / Q000295:instrumentation*; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000295:instrumentation*; D025321:Surgery, Computer-Assisted / Q000295:instrumentation*