Infant mortality in the United States.
The infant mortality rate (IMR) of 6.0 per 1000 live births in the United States in 2013 is nearly the highest among developed countries. Moreover, the IMR among blacks is >twice that among whites-11.11 versus 5.06 deaths per 1000 live births.This higher IMR and racial disparity in IMR is due to a higher preterm birth rate (11.4% of live births in 2013) and higher IMR among term infants. The United States also ranks near the bottom for maternal mortality and life expectancy among the developed nations-despite ranking highest in the proportion of gross national product spent on health care. This suggests that factors other than health care contribute to the higher IMR and racial disparity in IMR. One factor is disadvantaged socioeconomic status. All of the actionable determinates that negatively impact health-personal behavior, social factors, heath-care access and quality and the environment-disproportionately affect the poor. Addressing disadvantaged socioeconomic status by improving access to quality health care and increasing social expenditures would have the greatest impact on the USA's IMR and racial disparity in IMR.
Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
J M
JM
Lorenz
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.|Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
C V
CV
Ananth
Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
R A
RA
Polin
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
M E
ME
D'Alton
D001741:Black or African American / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D002423:Cause of Death; D054625:Healthcare Disparities; D006630:Hispanic or Latino / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007226:Infant Mortality; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature; D050498:Live Birth / Q000453:epidemiology; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D044465:White People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data