Hydrothermal carbonization of pulp mill streams.
The progress of the conversion, the yield, the structure and the morphology of the produced carbonaceous materials as a function of time were systematically studied with pyrolysis-GC/FID and FESEM microscope. The conversion of galactoglucomannan, bleached kraft pulp and TEMPO oxidized cellulose nanofibrils followed the reaction route of glucose being slower though with fibrous material, higher molar mass and viscosity. The conversion of kraft lignin was minor following completely different reaction route. Carbonaceous particles of different shape and size were produced with yields between 23% and 73% after 4h with being higher for lignin than carbohydrates. According to the results, potential pulp mill streams represent lignocellulosic resources for generation of carbonaceous materials.
VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd., P.O. Box 1000, 02044 VTT, Finland. Electronic address: hanne.wikberg@vtt.fi.
Hanne
H
Wikberg
VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd., P.O. Box 1000, 02044 VTT, Finland.
Taina
T
Ohra-Aho
Department of Materials Science, Tampere University of Technology, P.O. Box 589, 33101 Tampere, Finland.
Mari
M
Honkanen
VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd., P.O. Box 1000, 02044 VTT, Finland.
Heimo
H
Kanerva
VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd., P.O. Box 1000, 02044 VTT, Finland.
Ali
A
Harlin
Department of Materials Science, Tampere University of Technology, P.O. Box 589, 33101 Tampere, Finland.
Minnamari
M
Vippola
VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd., P.O. Box 1000, 02044 VTT, Finland.
Christiane
C
Laine
D018533:Biomass; D002241:Carbohydrates; D002244:Carbon / Q000737:chemistry*; D008031:Lignin / Q000737:chemistry*; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D045483:Rivers / Q000737:chemistry; D013696:Temperature; D018505:Waste Management / Q000379:methods
D002241:Carbohydrates; D002244:Carbon; C076151:Kraft lignin; D008031:Lignin
Galactoglucomannan; Hydrothermal carbonization; Kraft lignin; Kraft pulp; Pulp mill