Nutrition and Vascular Supply of Retinal Ganglion Cells during Human Development.
OBJECTIVE
To review the roles of the different vascular beds nourishing the inner retina [retinal ganglion cells (RGCs)] during normal development of the human eye, using our own tissue specimens to support our conclusions.


METHODS
An extensive search of the appropriate literature included PubMed, Google scholar, and numerous available textbooks. In addition, choroidal and retinal NADPH-diaphorase stained whole mount preparations were investigated.


RESULTS
The first critical interaction between vascular bed and RGC formation occurs in the sixth to eighth month of gestation leading to a massive reduction of RGCs mainly in the peripheral retina. The first 3 years of age are characterized by an intense growth of the eyeball to near adult size. In the adult eye, the influence of the choroid on inner retinal nutrition was determined by examining the peripheral retinal watershed zones in more detail.


CONCLUSIONS
This delicately balanced situation of RGC nutrition is described in the different regions of the eye, and a new graphic presentation is introduced to combine morphological measurements and clinical visual field data.
Ophthalmologist, 282 Harrison Ave. , Harrison, NY , USA.
Paul
P
Rutkowski
Department of Anatomy, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden , Dresden , Germany.
Christian Albrecht
CA
May
adult; choriocapillaris; fetal; normal development; oxygen supply; retinal capillaries; retinal ganglion cells; watershed zones