Gut microbiota and immunopathogenesis of diabetes mellitus type 1 and 2.
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a major increasing global health burden in the aging population. Understanding the etiology of DM is beneficial for its prevention as well as treatment. In light of the metagenome hypothesis, defined as the overall bacterial genome, gut microbes have attracted increasing attention in the pathogenesis of DM. Many studies have found that gut microbes are involved in the immunopathogenesis of DM. Probiotics strengthen the host's intestinal barrier and modulate the immune system, and have therefore been investigated in DM management. Recent epigenetic findings in context of genes associated with inflammation suggest a possible way in which gut microbiota participate in the immunopathogenesis of DM. In this review, we discuss the role of gut microbiota in the immunopathogenesis of DM.
Department of Cardiology, Baotou Central Hospital, Baotou, China.
Fei
F
Wang
Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China.
Chunfang
C
Zhang
Health management institute, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China, zengqiang301@yeah.net.
Qiang
Q
Zeng
D000818:Animals; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000209:etiology* / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000209:etiology* / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology; D044127:Epigenesis, Genetic; D000069196:Gastrointestinal Microbiome / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D018448:Models, Immunological; D019936:Probiotics / Q000627:therapeutic use