Influence on the oxidative potential of a heavy-duty engine particle emission due to selective catalytic reduction system and biodiesel blend.
Although the particulate matter (PM) emissions from biodiesel fuelled engines are acknowledged to be lower than those of fossil diesel, there is a concern on the impact of PM produced by biodiesel to human health. As the oxidative potential of PM has been suggested as trigger for adverse health effects, it was measured using the Electron Spin Resonance (OP(ESR)) technique. Additionally, Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy (EDXRF) was employed to determine elemental concentration, and Raman Spectroscopy was used to describe the amorphous carbon character of the soot collected on exhaust PM from biodiesel blends fuelled test-bed engine, with and without Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR). OP(ESR) results showed higher oxidative potential per kWh of PM produced from a blend of 20% soybean biodiesel and 80% ULSD (B20) engine compared with a blend of 5% soybean biodiesel and 95% ULSD (B5), whereas the SCR was able to reduce oxidative potential for each fuel. EDXRF data indicates a correlation of 0.99 between concentration of copper and oxidative potential. Raman Spectroscopy centered on the expected carbon peaks between 1100cm(-1) and 1600cm(-1) indicate lower molecular disorder for the B20 particulate matter, an indicative of a more graphitic carbon structure. The analytical techniques used in this study highlight the link between biodiesel engine exhaust and increased oxidative potential relative to biodiesel addition on fossil diesel combustion. The EDXRF analysis confirmed the prominent role of metals on free radical production. As a whole, these results suggest that 20% of biodiesel blends run without SCR may pose an increased health risk due to an increase in OH radical generation.
Environmental Engineering Department, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, PR, Brazil. Electronic address: rhmgodoi@ufpr.br.
Ricardo H M
RH
Godoi
Environmental Engineering Department, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
Gabriela
G
Polezer
Environmental Engineering Department, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
Guilherme C
GC
Borillo
Division of Chemistry and Environmental Science, School of Science and the Environment, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK.
Andrew
A
Brown
Environmental Engineering Department, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
Fabio B
FB
Valebona
Environmental Engineering Department, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
Thiago O B
TO
Silva
Environmental Engineering Department, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
Aline B G
AB
Ingberman
LAVIE - Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Araraquara, Brazil.
Marcelo
M
Nalin
Chemical Engineering Department, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
Carlos I
CI
Yamamoto
Division of Chemistry and Environmental Science, School of Science and the Environment, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK.
Sanja
S
Potgieter-Vermaak
Vehicle Emissions Laboratory, Institute of Technology for Development (LACTEC), Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
Renato A
RA
Penteado Neto
Analytical Chemistry Department, Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Araraquara, Brazil.
Mary Rosa R
MR
de Marchi
Laboratory of Experimental Air Pollution, Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
Paulo H N
PH
Saldiva
Department of Natural and Earth Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo, Diadema, Brazil.
Theotonio
T
Pauliquevis
Environmental Engineering Department, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
Ana Flavia L
AF
Godoi
D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D056804:Biofuels / Q000032:analysis*; D002384:Catalysis; D052638:Particulate Matter / Q000032:analysis*; D001335:Vehicle Emissions / Q000032:analysis*
D000393:Air Pollutants; D056804:Biofuels; D052638:Particulate Matter; D001335:Vehicle Emissions
Biodiesel emission; Diesel emission; Oxidative potential; Particulate matter