The relationship between exercise induced bronchial obstruction and health related quality of life in female and male adolescents from a general population.
BACKGROUND
Previous studies have observed that exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) is more common and more strongly related to exercise related breathing problems in female adolescents than male adolescents. However, few studies have investigated the association between EIB and health related quality of life (HRQoL) from a gender perspective. The aim of this study was to examine the association between EIB and HRQoL and physical activity level in female and male adolescents with and without EIB.


METHODS
From a population based study on exercise-induced breathing problems among adolescents (13-15 years, n = 3838) a cross sectional study with prospective data collection was carried out in a random subsample of 140 adolescents. The subjects in the sample were tested for EIB with a standardised exercise test, of which 49 adolescents were tested positive. HRQoL was assessed with the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL) and the adolescents' physical activity levels were measured objectively with accelerometer.


RESULTS
The female subjects with EIB reported a lower HRQoL, both in total score (p = 0.03) and physical functioning score (p = 0.009) and had a lower baseline FEV1 compared to females without EIB (88 vs. 94 % predicted, p = 0.001). No differences were found in HRQoL or baseline lung function between males with or without EIB. There were no differences in minutes of moderate to vigorous physical activity per day between females or males with and without EIB.


CONCLUSIONS
In a general population, the female adolescents with EIB had lower HRQoL and poorer baseline lung function compared to counterparts without EIB. These differences were not observed in males. EIB does not appear to affect the level of daily physical activity neither in females nor males.
Neuroscience/Physiotherapy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden. henrik.johansson@neuro.uu.se.
Henrik
H
Johansson
Surgical Sciences: Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
Katarina
K
Norlander
Medical Sciences, Lung- allergy- and sleep research, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
Christer
C
Janson
Medical Sciences, Clinical Physiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
Andrei
A
Malinovschi
Surgical Sciences: Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
Leif
L
Nordang
Neuroscience/Physiotherapy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
Margareta
M
Emtner
D000293:Adolescent; D000402:Airway Obstruction / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology*; D016084:Bronchoconstriction / Q000502:physiology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005080:Exercise Test / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011159:Population Surveillance; D015995:Prevalence; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011788:Quality of Life; D013548:Sweden / Q000453:epidemiology
Adolescents; Exercise-induced bronchoconstriction; Health-related quality of life; Physical activity