Turning Waste into Value: Nanosized Natural Plant Materials of Solanum incanum L. and Pterocarpus erinaceus Poir with Promising Antimicrobial Activities.
Numerous plants are known to exhibit considerable biological activities in the fields of medicine and agriculture, yet access to their active ingredients is often complicated, cumbersome and expensive. As a consequence, many plants harbouring potential drugs or green phyto-protectants go largely unnoticed, especially in poorer countries which, at the same time, are in desperate need of antimicrobial agents. As in the case of plants such as the Jericho tomato, Solanum incanum, and the common African tree Pterocarpus erinaceus, nanosizing of original plant materials may provide an interesting alternative to extensive extraction and isolation procedures. Indeed, it is straightforward to obtain considerable amounts of such common, often weed-like plants, and to mill the dried material to more or less uniform particles of microscopic and nanoscopic size. These particles exhibit activity against Steinernema feltiae or Escherichia coli, which is comparable to the ones seen for processed extracts of the same, respective plants. As S. feltiae is used as a model nematode indicative of possible phyto-protective uses in the agricultural arena, these findings also showcase the potential of nanosizing of crude "waste" plant materials for specific practical applications, especially-but not exclusively-in developing countries lacking a more sophisticated industrial infrastructure.
Division of Bioorganic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Saarland University, Saarbruecken D-66123, Germany. sharoon.griffin@uni-saarland.de.|Department of Biotechnology, University of Applied Sciences, Kaiserslautern, Zweibruecken 66482, Germany. sharoon.griffin@uni-saarland.de.
Sharoon
S
Griffin
Division of Bioorganic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Saarland University, Saarbruecken D-66123, Germany. knassifatou@gmail.com.|Laboratoire de Botanique et Ecologie Végétale, Université de Lomé, BP 1515 Lomé, Togo. knassifatou@gmail.com.|CNRS (Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), SRSMC (Structure et Réactivité des Systèmes Moléculaires Complexes) UMR 7565, 1 boulevard Arago, Metz F57070, France. knassifatou@gmail.com.|Université de Lorraine, SRSMC, UMR 7565, Nancy Cedex F-54001, France. knassifatou@gmail.com.
Nassifatou Koko
NK
Tittikpina
Division of Bioorganic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Saarland University, Saarbruecken D-66123, Germany. aalmarby@gmail.com.
Adel
A
Al-Marby
Division of Bioorganic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Saarland University, Saarbruecken D-66123, Germany. reem.alkhayer88@gmail.com.
Reem
R
Alkhayer
Division of Bioorganic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Saarland University, Saarbruecken D-66123, Germany. polina.denezhkin@googlemail.com.
Polina
P
Denezhkin
Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University-Medical College, ul. Medyczna 9, Cracow 30-688, Poland. karolawitek.poczta@interia.pl.
Karolina
K
Witek
Laboratoire de Botanique et Ecologie Végétale, Université de Lomé, BP 1515 Lomé, Togo. kagbogbo@gmail.com.
Koffi Apeti
KA
Gbogbo
Laboratoire de Botanique et Ecologie Végétale, Université de Lomé, BP 1515 Lomé, Togo. batawilakomlan@gmail.com.
Komlan
K
Batawila
CNRS (Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), SRSMC (Structure et Réactivité des Systèmes Moléculaires Complexes) UMR 7565, 1 boulevard Arago, Metz F57070, France. raphael.duval@univ-lorraine.fr.|Université de Lorraine, SRSMC, UMR 7565, Nancy Cedex F-54001, France. raphael.duval@univ-lorraine.fr.|ABC Platform, Faculté de Pharmacie, Nancy Cedex F-54001, France. raphael.duval@univ-lorraine.fr.
Raphaël Emmanuel
RE
Duval
Division of Bioorganic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Saarland University, Saarbruecken D-66123, Germany. jawad.nasim@uni-saarland.de.
Muhammad Jawad
MJ
Nasim
Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Clinical Pharmacy, Al Baha University, Al Baha 15791, Saudi Arabia. alinasser9678@yahoo.com.
Nasser A
NA
Awadh-Ali
CNRS (Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), SRSMC (Structure et Réactivité des Systèmes Moléculaires Complexes) UMR 7565, 1 boulevard Arago, Metz F57070, France. gilbert.kirsch@univ-lorraine.fr.|Université de Lorraine, SRSMC, UMR 7565, Nancy Cedex F-54001, France. gilbert.kirsch@univ-lorraine.fr.
Gilbert
G
Kirsch
CNRS (Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), SRSMC (Structure et Réactivité des Systèmes Moléculaires Complexes) UMR 7565, 1 boulevard Arago, Metz F57070, France. patrick.chaimbault@univ-lorraine.fr.|Université de Lorraine, SRSMC, UMR 7565, Nancy Cedex F-54001, France. patrick.chaimbault@univ-lorraine.fr.
Patrick
P
Chaimbault
Department of Biotechnology, University of Applied Sciences, Kaiserslautern, Zweibruecken 66482, Germany. karlherbert.schaefer@hs-kl.de.
Karl-Herbert
KH
Schäfer
Institute of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg 35032, Germany. cornelia.keck@pharmazie.uni-marburg.de.
Cornelia M
CM
Keck
Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University-Medical College, ul. Medyczna 9, Cracow 30-688, Poland. j.handzlik@uj.edu.pl.
Jadwiga
J
Handzlik
Division of Bioorganic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Saarland University, Saarbruecken D-66123, Germany. c.jacob@mx.uni-saarland.de.
Claus
C
Jacob
Pterocarpus erinaceus; Solanum incanum; antimicrobial activity; nanosizing; phyto-protectant