Outer membrane vesicles of Lysobacter sp. XL1: biogenesis, functions, and applied prospects.
Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) produced by Gram-negative bacteria have been intensively investigated in recent times. Vesicle formation models have been proposed, some factors affecting the process were established, and important roles vesicles play in vital activities of their producing cells were determined. Studies of pathogenic bacterial vesicles contribute to understanding the causes of acute infection and developing drugs on their basis. Despite intensive research, issues associated with the understanding of vesicle biogenesis, the mechanisms of bacterium-bacterium and pathogen-host interactions with participation of vesicles, still remain unresolved. This review discusses some results obtained in the research into OMVs of Lysobacter sp. XL1 VKM B-1576. This bacterium secretes into the environment a spectrum of bacteriolytic enzymes that hydrolyze peptidoglycan of competing bacteria, thus leading to their lysis. One of these enzymes, lytic endopeptidase L5, has been shown not only to be secreted by means of vesicles but also to be involved in their formation. As part of vesicles, the antimicrobial potential of L5 enzyme has been found to be considerably expanded. Vesicles have been shown to have a therapeutic effect in respect of anthrax infection and staphylococcal sepsis modelled in mice. The scientific basis for constructing liposomal antimicrobial preparations from vesicle phospholipids and recombinant bacteriolytic enzyme L5 has been formed.
Laboratory of Microbial Cell Surface Biochemistry, G. K. Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences, 5 Prospect Nauki, Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia.
Irina V
IV
Kudryakova
Laboratory of the Microbiology of Anthrax, State Research Center for Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Obolensk, Moscow Region, Russia.
Nina A
NA
Shishkova
Laboratory of Microbial Cell Surface Biochemistry, G. K. Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences, 5 Prospect Nauki, Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia. vasilyevanv@rambler.ru.
Natalia V
NV
Vasilyeva
D000818:Animals; D000881:Anthrax / Q000188:drug therapy; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001425:Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001433:Bacteriolysis; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D010450:Endopeptidases / Q000494:pharmacology; D006094:Gram-Positive Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions; D053528:Lysobacter / Q000201:enzymology / Q000502:physiology*; D051379:Mice; D001678:Organelle Biogenesis; D010457:Peptidoglycan / Q000378:metabolism; D022161:Transport Vesicles / Q000502:physiology*
D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D001425:Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins; D010457:Peptidoglycan; D010450:Endopeptidases
Antimicrobial agents; Bacteriolytic enzymes; Lysobacter sp. XL1; Outer membrane vesicles; Vesicles biogenesis