Laboratory Investigations for Diagnosis of Autoimmune and Inflammatory Periocular Disease: Part II.
OBJECTIVE
To review the important laboratory serological investigations routinely performed for the diagnosis of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases of the orbit and ocular adnexa.


METHODS
Review of the literature as well as personal clinical experience of the authors. Due to the extensive nature of the topic, the review has been split into 2 parts. Part I covers thyroid eye disease, IgG4-related disease, and myasthenia gravis. In part II of the review, sarcoidosis, vasculitis, Sjögren syndrome, and giant cell arteritis will be discussed.


RESULTS
Several relatively specific serologic tests are available for the diagnosis of a variety of inflammatory and serologic diseases of the orbit.


CONCLUSIONS
In cases of limited orbital or sino-orbital disease, serologic testing may be negative in a significant number of patients. Specifically, the clinician should be wary of ruling out limited orbital sarcoid or sinoorbital granulomatosis with polyangiitis based on serologic testing alone. Part I of this review has covered serologic testing for thyroid eye disease, IgG4-related disease, and myasthenia gravis. In part II, the authors discuss serologic testing for sarcoidosis, vasculitis, Sjögren syndrome (SS), and giant cell arteritis (GCA).
*Research Department, Wills Eye Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, †Worcester Ophthalmology Associates, Worcester, Massachusetts, and ‡Skull Base Division, Neuro-Ophthalmology Service, Wills Eye Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.A.
Archana
A
Srinivasan
Teri T
TT
Kleinberg
Ann P
AP
Murchison
Jurij R
JR
Bilyk
D001327:Autoimmune Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D003955:Diagnostic Tests, Routine; D005128:Eye Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis*; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000175:diagnosis; D009916:Orbital Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis; D012698:Serologic Tests / Q000379:methods*
D015415:Biomarkers