Single-knot versus multiple-knot technique of perineal repair: a randomised controlled trial.
An important factor influencing the outcome of perineal repair is the repair technique. This study was done to determine if there is a difference in post perineal repair pain scores following the use of the standard multiple-knot technique (MKT) of perineal repair and a single-knot technique (SKT).



We randomised 260 women who sustained a second-degree perineal tear at the University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City, Nigeria and had perineal repair using either a SKT or a MKT between 1 July 2014 and 28 February 2015. Primary outcome measure was pain assessed with a numerical rating scale (0 = no pain, 10 = worst imaginable pain) on day two, day 10 and at 3 months. Secondary outcome measures were pain scores during basic activities of daily living, analgesia use, dyspareunia and patient satisfaction.



Mean pain scores were significantly lower in the SKT group on day two (2.8 versus 5.6; P < 0.001) and day 10 (1.8 versus 3.3; P < 0.001). Significantly fewer women in the SKT group reported pain on day two (90/126, 71.4 % versus 122/128, 95.3 %; Relative Risk [RR] 0.6, 95 % Confidence Interval [CI] 0.6-0.8; P < 0.001), and day 10 (69/126, 54.8 % versus 107/128, 83.6 %; RR 0.7, 95 % CI 0.5-0.7; P < 0.001)]. Women in the SKT group were more likely to be satisfied with outcome of repair at three months (RR 1.4, 95 % CI 1.2-1.5; P < 0.001). No difference in pain scores and dyspareunia at 3 months.



SKT of perineal repair is associated with significantly less pain in the first 10 days postdelivery and a higher patient satisfaction rate at 3 months.
Women & Children's Division, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, Barnet and Chase Farm Hospitals, Wellhouse Lane, Barnet, E5 3DJ, UK. Dseloojeme@aol.com.
Dan O
DO
Selo-Ojeme
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria.
Chukwunwendu Anthony
CA
Okonkwo
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria.
Chukwuemeka
C
Atuanya
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria.
Kingsley
K
Ndukwu
D000328:Adult; D004841:Episiotomy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D010502:Perineum / Q000293:injuries / Q000601:surgery*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014945:Wound Healing
Episiotomy; Numerical rating scale; Obstetric perineal trauma; Perineal repair technique; Perineal suture; Vaginal trauma