Effects of Activated Carbon on PCB Bioaccumulation and Biological Responses of Chironomus riparius in Full Life Cycle Test.
The nonbiting midge Chironomus riparius was used to study the remediation potential and secondary effects of activated carbon (AC, ø 63-200 μm) in PCB contaminated sediments. AC amendments efficiently reduced PCB bioavailability determined by Chironomus riparius bioaccumulation tests and passive samplers. PCBs were shown to transfer from larvae to adults. Lower PCB concentrations were observed in adult midges emerging from AC amended compared to unamended sediments. Increased reproduction, survival, larval growth and gut wall microvilli length were observed with low AC dose (0.5% sediment dw) compared to unamended sediment, indicating an improved success of larvae in the sediment with low organic carbon content. On the other hand, higher AC doses (2.5% sediment dw) caused adverse effects on emergence and larval development. In addition, morphological changes in the gut wall microvilli layer were observed. This study showed that the secondary effects of AC amendments are dependent on the dose and the sediment characteristics. Metamorphic species, such as C. riparius, may act as a vector for organic pollutants from aquatic to terrestrial ecosystems and according to this study the AC amendments may reduce this transport.
Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland (UEF) , P.O. Box 111, FI-80101 Joensuu, Finland.
Inna
I
Nybom
Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland (UEF) , P.O. Box 111, FI-80101 Joensuu, Finland.
Sebastian
S
Abel
Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland (UEF) , P.O. Box 111, FI-80101 Joensuu, Finland.
Greta
G
Waissi
Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland (UEF) , P.O. Box 111, FI-80101 Joensuu, Finland.
Kristiina
K
Väänänen
Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland (UEF) , P.O. Box 111, FI-80101 Joensuu, Finland.
Kimmo
K
Mäenpää
Finnish Environment Institute (SYKE), Ecotoxicology and Risk Assessment Group, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014, University of Jyväskylä, Finland.
Matti T
MT
Leppänen
Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä , P.O. Box 35, FI-40014, University of Jyväskylä, Finland.
Jussi V K
JV
Kukkonen
Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland (UEF) , P.O. Box 111, FI-80101 Joensuu, Finland.
Jarkko
J
Akkanen
D000818:Animals; D002244:Carbon / Q000494:pharmacology; D002606:Charcoal / Q000494:pharmacology; D002683:Chironomidae / Q000187:drug effects*; D019015:Geologic Sediments; D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls
D002606:Charcoal; D002244:Carbon; D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls