Effect of flaxseed oil on serum systemic and vascular inflammation markers and oxidative stress in hemodialysis patients: a randomized controlled trial.
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of flaxseed oil consumption on serum systemic and vascular inflammation markers, and oxidative stress in hemodialysis (HD) patients.


METHODS
In this randomized, double-blind, clinical trial, 34 HD patients were randomly assigned to either the flaxseed oil or the control group. The patients in the flaxseed oil group received 6 g/day flaxseed oil for 8 week, whereas the control group received 6 g/day medium-chain triglycerides (MCT) oil. At baseline and the end of week 8, serum concentrations of high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), soluble intercellular adhesion molecule type 1 (sICAM-1), soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule type 1 (sVCAM-1), sE-selectin, and malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured after a 12- to 14-h fast.


RESULTS
Serum hs-CRP, a systemic inflammation marker, and sVCAM-1, a vascular inflammation marker, reduced significantly in the flaxseed oil group at the end of week 8 compared to baseline (P < 0.05), and the reductions were significant in comparison with the MCT oil group (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences between the two groups in mean changes in serum sICAM-1, sE-selectin, and MDA.


CONCLUSIONS
This study indicates that daily consumption of 6 g flaxseed oil reduces serum hs-CRP and sVCAM-1, which are two risk factors for CVD. Therefore, the inclusion of flaxseed oil in the usual diet of HD patients can be considered as a strategy for reducing CVD risk factors.
Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran.
M
M
Mirfatahi
Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, 46, West Arghavan St., Farahzadi Blvd., Shahrak Qods, P.O. Box 19395-4741, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran. hadtabibi@yahoo.com.
H
H
Tabibi
Department of Nephrology, Taleghani Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran.
A
A
Nasrollahi
Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran.
M
M
Hedayati
Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Islamic Republic of Iran.
M
M
Taghizadeh
D000368:Aged; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000097:blood; D008043:Linseed Oil / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000097:blood; D008875:Middle Aged; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D012016:Reference Values; D006435:Renal Dialysis / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000097:blood / Q000628:therapy*; D018570:Risk Assessment; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000097:blood
D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D008043:Linseed Oil; D002097:C-Reactive Protein
Flaxseed oil; Hemodialysis; Oxidative stress; Systemic inflammation; Vascular inflammation