Medical ozone therapy reduces shock wave therapy-induced renal injury.
OBJECTIVE
Extracorporeal shock wave (ESW) lithotripsy is the preferred treatment modality for uncomplicated kidney stones. More recently free oxygen radical production following ESW application has been considered to be crucial in shock wave-induced renal damage. It has been shown that ozone therapy (OT) has ameliorative and preventive effects against various pathological conditions due to increased nitro-oxidative stress. In current study, we aimed to evaluate the efficacy of OT against ESW-induced renal injury.


METHODS
Twenty-four male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups: sham-operated, ESW, and ESW + OT groups. All groups except sham-operated group were subjected to ESW procedure. ESW + OT group received 1 mg/kg/day of oxygen/ozone mixture intraperitoneally at 2 h before ESW, and OT was continued once a day for consecutive three days. The animals were killed at the 4th day, and kidney tissue and blood samples were harvested for biochemical and histopathologic analysis.


RESULTS
Serum ALT and AST levels, serum neopterin, tissue nitrite/nitrate levels, and tissue oxidative stress parameters were increased in the ESW group and almost came close to control values in the treatment group (p < 0.05, ESW vs. ESW + OT). Histopathological injury scores were significantly lower in treatment group than the ESW group (p < 0.05, ESW vs. ESW + OT). Immunohistochemical iNOS staining scores in ESW group were higher than those of sham-operated group (p < 0.05, ESW vs. sham-operated), iNOS staining scores in OT group were significantly lower than the ESW group (p < 0.05, ESW + OT vs. ESW).


CONCLUSIONS
OT ameliorates nitro-oxidative stress and reduces the severity of pathological changes in the experimental ESW-induced renal injury of rat model.
a Department of Urology, Gulhane Military Medical Faculty , Etlik , Ankara , Turkey ;
Sami
S
Uğuz
a Department of Urology, Gulhane Military Medical Faculty , Etlik , Ankara , Turkey ;
Zafer
Z
Demirer
b Department of Physiology, Gulhane Military Medical Faculty , Etlik , Ankara , Turkey ;
Bulent
B
Uysal
a Department of Urology, Gulhane Military Medical Faculty , Etlik , Ankara , Turkey ;
Bilal Firat
BF
Alp
c Department of Urology, Gulhane Military Medical Faculty, Haydarpasa , Istanbul , Turkey ;
Ercan
E
Malkoc
a Department of Urology, Gulhane Military Medical Faculty , Etlik , Ankara , Turkey ;
Ali
A
Guragac
d Department of Epidemiology, Gulhane Military Medical Faculty , Etlik , Ankara , Turkey ;
Turker
T
Turker
c Department of Urology, Gulhane Military Medical Faculty, Haydarpasa , Istanbul , Turkey ;
Ferhat
F
Ateş
c Department of Urology, Gulhane Military Medical Faculty, Haydarpasa , Istanbul , Turkey ;
Kenan
K
Karademir
e Department of Pathology, Gulhane Military Medical Faculty , Etlik , Ankara , Turkey ;
Ayhan
A
Ozcan
a Department of Urology, Gulhane Military Medical Faculty , Etlik , Ankara , Turkey ;
Ibrahim
I
Yildirim
b Department of Physiology, Gulhane Military Medical Faculty , Etlik , Ankara , Turkey ;
Ahmet
A
Korkmaz
f Department of Pediatric Surgery, Gulhane Military Medical Faculty , Etlik , Ankara , Turkey.
Ahmet
A
Guven
D058186:Acute Kidney Injury / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D000818:Animals; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D007668:Kidney / Q000473:pathology*; D007669:Kidney Calculi / Q000601:surgery; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008096:Lithotripsy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000097:blood; D019798:Neopterin / Q000097:blood*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D010126:Ozone / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism
D008315:Malondialdehyde; D010126:Ozone; D019798:Neopterin; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase
Nitrosatve stress; oxidative stress; ozone therapy; renal injury; shock wave therapy