Risk factors for recurrence in female urethral diverticulectomy: a retrospective study of 66 patients.
OBJECTIVE
We aimed to report surgical outcomes in female urethral diverticula and to investigate the risk factors for diverticula recurrence.


METHODS
A total of 66 patients underwent urethral diverticulectomies from January 2009 to October 2015 at out institution. Patient and diverticula characteristics were collected. Mean follow-up was 28.8 months (range 4-85 months). Recurrence was defined as requiring a repeat diverticulectomy.


RESULTS
Mean age was 44.9 years. Mean duration of symptoms was 28.1 months. Seven cases had previous urethral surgeries. Mean diverticula size was 2.8 cm. Main clinical symptoms included dribbling (n = 41), vaginal mass (n = 41), dysuria (n = 33), frequency/urgency (n = 29), infection (n = 24), stress urinary incontinence (SUI) (n = 20) and dyspareunia (n = 8). 10 cases had proximal diverticula, 10 cases had multiple diverticula, and 35 cases had horseshoe/circumferential diverticula. Postoperatively, the recurrence rate was 19.7 %. Preoperative SUI disappeared in 14 cases, and de novo SUI was developed in six cases. One case developed urethral stricture, and no cases reported urinary fistula. Among 60 cases with pathological results, neoplastic change was seen in one case (1.7 %). Besides, atypical hyperplasia (n = 2) and metaplasia (n = 3) were observed. Univariate analysis suggested that age, duration, follow-up, diverticula size and diverticula shape were not associated with surgical outcomes. Patients with multiple diverticula (p = 0.032), proximal diverticula (p = 0.042) and those with previous urethral procedures (p = 0.004) were at risk of recurrent diverticula confirmed by multivariate logistic regression analysis.


CONCLUSIONS
The surgical outcomes of urethral diverticulectomies were acceptable. Multiple diverticula, proximal diverticula and previous urethral surgery were three independent risk factors for recurrent diverticula.
Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Guo xue xiang 37, Cheng Du, 610041, Sichuan, China.
Liang
L
Zhou
Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Guo xue xiang 37, Cheng Du, 610041, Sichuan, China.
De-Yi
DY
Luo
Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Guo xue xiang 37, Cheng Du, 610041, Sichuan, China.
Shi-Jian
SJ
Feng
Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Guo xue xiang 37, Cheng Du, 610041, Sichuan, China.
Xin
X
Wei
Department of Medical Imaging, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Guo xue xiang 37, Cheng Du, 610041, Sichuan, China.
Qi
Q
Liu
Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Guo xue xiang 37, Cheng Du, 610041, Sichuan, China.
Yi-Fei
YF
Lin
Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Guo xue xiang 37, Cheng Du, 610041, Sichuan, China.
Tao
T
Jin
Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Guo xue xiang 37, Cheng Du, 610041, Sichuan, China.
Hong
H
Li
Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Guo xue xiang 37, Cheng Du, 610041, Sichuan, China. wangkj@scu.edu.cn.
Kun-Jie
KJ
Wang
Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Guo xue xiang 37, Cheng Du, 610041, Sichuan, China. shen1177hx@163.com.
Hong
H
Shen
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D004240:Diverticulum / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery*; D004414:Dyspareunia / Q000209:etiology; D053159:Dysuria / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D012008:Recurrence; D012086:Reoperation; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014522:Urethral Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery*; D014525:Urethral Stricture / Q000453:epidemiology; D014549:Urinary Incontinence / Q000209:etiology; D014550:Urinary Incontinence, Stress / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D014552:Urinary Tract Infections / Q000209:etiology; D013520:Urologic Surgical Procedures
Diverticula; Recurrence; Risk factor; Urethral