Radiation exposure in pediatric patients during micturating cystourethrography procedures.
The objectives of this study were to measure the entrance surface air kerma (ESAK) and the effective doses in pediatric patients undergoing micturating cystourethrography (MCU) procedures. The ESAK was determined using calibrated thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLD- GR 200 A) in 167 pediatric patients. The patient population was categorized into three groups according to age (0-5 years (group 1), 6-10 years (group 2) and 11-15 years (group 3)). The mean ESAK±SD and range (mGy) resulting from a MCU procedure was estimated to be 2.2±0.5 (0.8-9.2), 2.48±0.6 (0.9-8.1) and 3.90±0.6 (1.1-10.3) for group 1, 2 and 3, respectively. The mean effective dose was between 0.03 and 0.4 mSv per procedure for the pediatric population. Pediatric patients were exposed to avoidable radiation doses because no gonad shields were used.
Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Radiology and Medical Imaging Department, P.O.Box 422, Alkharj 11942, Saudi Arabia. Electronic address: abdelmoneim_a@yahoo.com.
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Sulieman
Radiological Sciences Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, P.O.Box 10219, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia.
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Babikir
Sudan Atomic Energy Commission, P.O.Box 55, Khartoum, Sudan.
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Alrihaima
Radiological Sciences Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, P.O.Box 10219, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia.
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Alkhorayef
Centre for Nuclear and Radiation Physics, Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7XH, UK.
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Dalton
Centre for Nuclear and Radiation Physics, Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7XH, UK.
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Bradley
Medical Physics Department, University Hospital of Larissa, PO Box 1425, Larissa 41110, Greece.
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Theodorou
D000293:Adolescent; D017677:Age Distribution; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D000070621:Cystography / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D000069079:Radiation Exposure / Q000032:analysis* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011834:Radiation Monitoring / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013397:Sudan / Q000453:epidemiology; D014554:Urination; D014915:Whole-Body Counting / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*
Effective dose; MCU; Medical exposure; Pediatric imaging; Radiation dosimetry