Immunogenicity of Outer Membrane Proteins VirB9-1 and VirB9-2, a Novel Nanovaccine against Anaplasma marginale.
Anaplasma marginale is the most prevalent tick-borne livestock pathogen and poses a significant threat to cattle industry. In contrast to currently available live blood-derived vaccines against A. marginale, alternative safer and better-defined subunit vaccines will be of great significance. Two proteins (VirB9-1 and VirB9-2) from the Type IV secretion system of A. marginale have been shown to induce humoral and cellular immunity. In this study, Escherichia coli were used to express VirB9-1 and VirB9-2 proteins. Silica vesicles having a thin wall of 6 nm and pore size of 5.8 nm were used as the carrier and adjuvant to deliver these two antigens both as individual or mixed nano-formulations. High loading capacity was achieved for both proteins, and the mouse immunisation trial with individual as well as mixed nano-formulations showed high levels of antibody titres over 107 and strong T-cell responses. The mixed nano-formulation also stimulated high-level recall responses in bovine T-cell proliferation assays. These results open a promising path towards the development of efficient A. marginale vaccines and provide better understanding on the role of silica vesicles to deliver multivalent vaccines as mixed nano-formulations able to activate both B-cell and T-cell immunity, for improved animal health.
Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia.
Liang
L
Zhao
Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia.
Donna
D
Mahony
Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia.
Antonino S
AS
Cavallaro
Animal Science, Queensland Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia.
Bing
B
Zhang
Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia.
Jun
J
Zhang
Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, P.O. Box 647040, Pullman, WA, 99164-7040, United States of America.
James R
JR
Deringer
Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia.
Chun-Xia
CX
Zhao
Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, P.O. Box 647040, Pullman, WA, 99164-7040, United States of America.
Wendy C
WC
Brown
Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia.
Chengzhong
C
Yu
Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia.
Neena
N
Mitter
Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia.
Anton P J
AP
Middelberg
D042322:Anaplasma marginale / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology; D000712:Anaplasmosis / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D000818:Animals; D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D000942:Antigens, Bacterial / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D001425:Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D001428:Bacterial Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D002417:Cattle; D002418:Cattle Diseases / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D004337:Drug Carriers / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression; D007111:Immunity, Cellular / Q000187:drug effects*; D056724:Immunity, Humoral / Q000187:drug effects*; D007114:Immunization; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry / Q000648:ultrastructure; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D012822:Silicon Dioxide / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D000069319:Type IV Secretion Systems / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial; D000942:Antigens, Bacterial; D001425:Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins; D001428:Bacterial Vaccines; D004337:Drug Carriers; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D000069319:Type IV Secretion Systems; D012822:Silicon Dioxide