Evaluation of Alternaria mycotoxins in strawberries: quantification and storage condition.
Alternariol (AOH), alternariol methyl ether (AME) and tentoxin (TEN) are Alternaria mycotoxins produced by the most common post-harvest pathogens of fruits. The production of these metabolites depends on several environmental factors, mainly temperature, water activity, pH and the technological treatments that have been applied to the product. In this study, the occurrence of AOH, AME and TEN was evaluated in strawberries samples stored at different temperatures ranges (at 22 ± 2 or 6 ± 2°C) and different periods (up to 1 month) simulating the current practice of consumer's storage conditions. Sample extraction was performed using a liquid-liquid extraction method prior to LC-MS/MS analysis. AOH was the most prevalent mycotoxins with a 42% at strawberries stored at (22 ± 2)°C and 37% stored at (6 ± 2)°C. The highest AOH levels were found in samples conserved at (22 ± 2)°C ranging between 26 and 752 ng g(-1). AME levels ranged between 11 and 137 ng g(-)(1), which were found mainly in stored samples at (6 ± 2)°C for more than 28 days. None sample presented levels of TEN in either of the studied conditions.
a Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Valencia , Valencia , Spain.
Cristina
C
Juan
b Laboratoire Materiaux, Molécules et Applications (LMMA) , Institut Préparatoire aux Etudes Scientifiques et Techniques (IPEST) , La Marsa , Tunisia.
Souheib
S
Oueslati
a Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Valencia , Valencia , Spain.
Jordi
J
Mañes
D000528:Alternaria / Q000378:metabolism*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005513:Food Inspection; D005519:Food Preservation; D061353:Food Storage; D031985:Fragaria / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000382:microbiology; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000191:economics / Q000382:microbiology; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007783:Lactones / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D059625:Liquid-Liquid Extraction; D009153:Mutagens / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D009183:Mycotoxins / Q000032:analysis* / Q000096:biosynthesis; D010456:Peptides, Cyclic / Q000032:analysis / Q000096:biosynthesis; D012034:Refrigeration; D013030:Spain; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry; D013723:Teratogens / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism
D007783:Lactones; D009153:Mutagens; D009183:Mycotoxins; D010456:Peptides, Cyclic; D013723:Teratogens; C003384:tentoxin; C005197:alternariol; C018206:alternariol monomethyl ether
Alternaria; alternariol; alternariol monomethyl ether; mass spectrometry; strawberry; tentoxin