Hard coal as a potential low-cost adsorbent for removal of 4-chlorophenol from water.
The potential use of raw hard coals as low-cost adsorbents for the removal of 4-chlorophenol (4-CP) from aqueous solutions was examined. The effect of experimental parameters such as the pH and salt presence was evaluated. The kinetic studies showed the equilibrium time was found to be 2 h for all of the adsorbents and that the adsorption process followed the pseudo-second order kinetic model. The adsorption isotherms of the 4-CP on the hard coals were fitted to the Langmuir, Freundlich, Langmuir-Freundlich, Sips and Redlich-Peterson equations. Based on the results obtained, hard coals appear to be a promising adsorbent for the removal of some hazardous water pollutants, like 4-CP and related compounds.
Institute of Chemistry, Military University of Technology, Kaliskiego 2, 00-908 Warsaw, Poland E-mail: krzysztof.kusmierek@wat.edu.pl.
Krzysztof
K
Kuśmierek
Faculty of Energy and Fuels, AGH University of Science and Technology, Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland.
Katarzyna
K
Zarębska
Institute of Chemistry, Military University of Technology, Kaliskiego 2, 00-908 Warsaw, Poland E-mail: krzysztof.kusmierek@wat.edu.pl.
Andrzej
A
Świątkowski
D000327:Adsorption; D002733:Chlorophenols / Q000737:chemistry*; D003031:Coal / Q000032:analysis*; D007700:Kinetics; D012965:Sodium Chloride; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000737:chemistry*; D018508:Water Purification / Q000379:methods*
D002733:Chlorophenols; D003031:Coal; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D014867:Water; C029107:4-chlorophenol; D012965:Sodium Chloride