Effectiveness of a Community-Based Intervention Program to Reduce Hypertension Prevalence Among Adults: Results of a Quasiexperimental Study With Control Group in the Region of Sousse, Tunisia.
BACKGROUND
High blood pressure is preventable and is directly related to lifestyle habits such as an unbalanced diet, low levels of physical activity, and tobacco use.


OBJECTIVE
This quasiexperimental study aimed to assess the effectiveness of a 3-year community intervention targeting healthy lifestyle promotion in reducing hypertension prevalence among adults.


METHODS
A quasiexperimental design was used to evaluate the effectiveness of a 3-year intervention for healthy lifestyle that was implemented between 2010 and 2013 in a community of adults in the region of Sousse in Tunisia. The population study was randomly selected in both intervention and control groups at pre-assessment and post-assessment. After considering a type 1 error α of 5%, a type 2 error β of 20%, and a change in the prevalence of various risk factors of 6% between pre-intervention and post-intervention, the sample size was fixed to 2,000 adults in intervention and control areas.


RESULTS
The intervention group was composed of 940 and 1,001 adults, and the control group was composed of 940 and 976, respectively, at pre-assessment and post-assessment. The prevalence of hypertension decreased in the intervention group globally from 37.3% to 33.7% but not significantly (p = 0.1). In the control group, this proportion increased from 31.1% to 33.4% without significant difference (p = 0.28). In the intervention group, after stratification for age, a significant decrease (p = 0.007) in the prevalence of hypertension was observed for participants younger than 40 years old: it decreased from 22.8% to 16.2%. In the control group, it increased from 14% to 15.4% (p = 0.52). In intervention group, a significant decrease of the hypertension from 31.4% to 26% (p = 0.03) was observed among nonobese participants after stratification for weight status. No significant change was observed in the control group.


CONCLUSIONS
This study showed the feasibility and effectiveness of a community-based intervention to reduce the prevalence of hypertension in the context of a developing country.
Department of Epidemiology, University Hospital Farhat Hached, Sousse, Tunisia.
Jihene
J
Sahli
Department of Epidemiology, University Hospital Farhat Hached, Sousse, Tunisia. Electronic address: jihenmaatoug3107@gmail.com.
Jihene
J
Maatoug
Department of Epidemiology, University Hospital Farhat Hached, Sousse, Tunisia.
Imed
I
Harrabi
Department of Epidemiology, University Hospital Farhat Hached, Sousse, Tunisia.
Sihem
S
Ben Fredj
Department of Epidemiology, University Hospital Farhat Hached, Sousse, Tunisia.
Emna
E
Dendana
Department of Epidemiology, University Hospital Farhat Hached, Sousse, Tunisia.
Hassen
H
Ghannem
D000328:Adult; D003153:Community Health Services; D000072001:Diet, Healthy; D015444:Exercise; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D006293:Health Promotion / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008297:Male; D008402:Mass Media; D008875:Middle Aged; D009786:Occupational Health Services; D015995:Prevalence; D011320:Primary Health Care; D012111:Residence Characteristics; D012572:School Health Services; D016540:Smoking Cessation; D014416:Tunisia / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult