Influence of difenoconazole on lipid metabolism in marine medaka (Oryzias melastigma).
Difenoconazole (DFZ) is a triazole fungicide that inhibits the biosynthesis of sterols in cell membranes and is widely used in agriculture for effectively treating fungal infections. However, there are few studies available addressing the effects of DFZ on lipid metabolism in marine fishes. The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of DFZ on lipid metabolism in marine medaka (Oryzias melastigma). After exposure to 1, 10, 100 and 1000 ng/L DFZ for 180 days, an increase in condition factor (CF), total lipids and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) contents accompanied with a decrease in saturated fatty acids was observed in the muscle of DFZ-exposed fish. The expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ as well as retinoid X receptors in the muscle was up-regulated, which would be responsible for the lipid accumulation in the muscle. The elevation of Δ6-desaturase (FADS2) and Δ9-desaturase (SCD) mRNA levels in the muscle and liver might result in the increase of PUFA content. The increased CF index and total lipid amounts indicated that DFZ exposure could affect the health of fish. ∑SFA (sum of saturated fatty acids) and DHA (docosahexaenoic acid; 22:6n-3) concentrations decreased, and the levels of ∑PUFA and ∑n-6PUFA increased in the muscle, which suggested that DFZ exposure could change lipid metabolism and profiles in fish.
State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, People's Republic of China.
Xiaocui
X
Dong
Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Subtropical Wetland Ecosystem Research, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, People's Republic of China.
Yan
Y
Li
Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Subtropical Wetland Ecosystem Research, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, People's Republic of China.
Lemeng
L
Zhang
State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, People's Republic of China.
Zhenghong
Z
Zuo
Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Subtropical Wetland Ecosystem Research, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, People's Republic of China.|State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, People's Republic of China.
Chonggang
C
Wang
Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Subtropical Wetland Ecosystem Research, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, People's Republic of China. mengchen@xmu.edu.cn.
Meng
M
Chen
D000818:Animals; D004148:Dioxolanes / Q000633:toxicity*; D044943:Fatty Acid Desaturases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000378:metabolism; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated; D029941:Fish Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005659:Fungicides, Industrial / Q000633:toxicity*; D050356:Lipid Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects*; D009990:Oryzias / Q000502:physiology*; D047488:Retinoid X Receptors / Q000378:metabolism; D018675:Toxicity Tests; D014230:Triazoles / Q000633:toxicity*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000633:toxicity*
D004148:Dioxolanes; D005227:Fatty Acids; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated; D029941:Fish Proteins; D005659:Fungicides, Industrial; D047488:Retinoid X Receptors; D014230:Triazoles; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C115058:difenoconazole; D044943:Fatty Acid Desaturases
Difenoconazole; Lipid metabolism; Marine medaka; Mechanism