Psychophysical Evaluation of Congenital Colour Vision Deficiency: Discrimination between Protans and Deutans Using Mollon-Reffin's Ellipses and the Farnsworth-Munsell 100-Hue Test.
We have used the Farnsworth-Munsell 100-hue (FM 100) test and Mollon-Reffin (MR) test to evaluate the colour vision of 93 subjects, 30.4 ± 9.7 years old, who had red-green congenital colour vision deficiencies. All subjects lived in Belém (State of Pará, Brazil) and were selected by the State of Pará Traffic Department. Selection criteria comprised the absence of visual dysfunctions other than Daltonism and no history of systemic diseases that could impair the visual system performance. Results from colour vision deficient were compared with those from 127 normal trichromats, 29.3 ± 10.3 years old. For the MR test, measurements were taken around five points of the CIE 1976 colour space, along 20 directions irradiating from each point, in order to determine with high-resolution the corresponding colour discrimination ellipses (MacAdam ellipses). Three parameters were used to compare results obtained from different subjects: diameter of circle with same ellipse area, ratio between ellipse's long and short axes, and ellipse long axis angle. For the FM 100 test, the parameters were: logarithm of the total number of mistakes and positions of mistakes in the FM diagram. Data were also simultaneously analysed in two or three dimensions as well as by using multidimensional cluster analysis. For the MR test, Mollon-Reffin Ellipse #3 (u' = 0.225, v' = 0.415) discriminated more efficiently than the other four ellipses between protans and deutans once it provided larger angular difference in the colour space between protan and deutan confusion lines. The MR test was more sensitive than the FM 100 test. It separated individuals by dysfunctional groups with greater precision, provided a more sophisticated quantitative analysis, and its use is appropriate for a more refined evaluation of different phenotypes of red-green colour vision deficiencies.
Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil.|Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil.
Natáli Valim Oliver
NV
Bento-Torres
Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil.|Núcleo de Medicina Tropical, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil.
Anderson Raiol
AR
Rodrigues
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Amapá, Macapá, Amapá, Brazil.
Maria Izabel Tentes
MI
Côrtes
Departamento de Psicologia Experimental, Instituto de Psicologia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
Daniela Maria de Oliveira
DM
Bonci
Departamento de Psicologia Experimental, Instituto de Psicologia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
Dora Fix
DF
Ventura
Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil.|Núcleo de Medicina Tropical, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil.|Universidade Ceuma, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil.
Luiz Carlos de Lima
http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9414-1573
LC
Silveira
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001938:Brazil; D003116:Color; D055253:Color Vision / Q000502:physiology*; D003117:Color Vision Defects / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011601:Psychophysics / Q000379:methods; D055815:Young Adult