The importance of DNA methylation in prostate cancer development.
After briefly reviewing the nature of DNA methylation, its general role in cancer and the tools available to interrogate it, we consider the literature surrounding DNA methylation as relating to prostate cancer. Specific consideration is given to recurrent alterations. A list of frequently reported genes is synthesized from 17 studies that have reported on methylation changes in malignant prostate tissue, and we chart the timing of those changes in the diseases history through amalgamation of several previously published data sets. We also review associations with genetic alterations and hormone signalling, before the practicalities of investigating prostate cancer methylation using cell lines are assessed. We conclude by outlining the interplay between DNA methylation and prostate cancer metabolism and their regulation by androgen receptor, with a specific discussion of the mitochondria and their associations with DNA methylation.
Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge, UK.
Charles E
CE
Massie
Prostate Cancer Research Group, Centre for Molecular Medicine (Norway), University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospitals, Gaustadalleen, Oslo, Norway; Department of Molecular Oncology, Oslo University Hospitals, Oslo, Norway; PCUK/Movember Centre of Excellence for Prostate Cancer Research, Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology (CCRCB), Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK.
Ian G
IG
Mills
Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge, UK. Electronic address: andy.lynch@cruk.cam.ac.uk.
Andy G
AG
Lynch
D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism; D018899:CpG Islands; D019175:DNA Methylation; D044127:Epigenesis, Genetic; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D015894:Genome, Human; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000378:metabolism; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D011944:Receptors, Androgen / Q000235:genetics
C410798:AR protein, human; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D011944:Receptors, Androgen
Biomarkers; Epigenetic; Metabolism; Methylation; Mitochondria; Prostate cancer