Ethanol exposure represses osteogenesis in the developing chick embryo.
It is known that excess alcohol consumption during pregnancy can increase the risk of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD). However, the effect of ethanol exposure on bone morphogenesis in fetus is largely unknown. In this study, we demonstrated that ethanol treatment of gastrulating chick embryos could inhibit long bone (humerus, radius and ulna) development. Histological examination revealed that ethanol exposure reduced the width of the proliferation and hypertrophic zones. In addition, cell proliferation and alkaline phosphatase activities were repressed. We also investigated the effect on chondrogenesis and chondrogenesis was inhibited. Ethanol exposure also induced excess reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and altered the expression of osteogenesis-related genes. The inhibiting effect on flat bone (sclerotic ossicle) and the generation of cranial neural crest cells (progenitors of craniofacial bones) was also presented. In conclusion, ethanol exposure during the embryonic period retards bone development through excess ROS production and altered bone-associated gene expression.
Division of Histology and Embryology, Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
Zhong-Yang
ZY
Li
Division of Histology and Embryology, Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
Zheng-Lai
ZL
Ma
Division of Histology and Embryology, Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
Wen-Hui
WH
Lu
Division of Histology and Embryology, Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
Xin
X
Cheng
Division of Histology and Embryology, Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
Jian-Long
JL
Chen
Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
Xiao-Yu
XY
Song
Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 5EH, UK.
Manli
M
Chuai
Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education, School of Biomedical Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong.
Kenneth Ka Ho
KK
Lee
Division of Histology and Embryology, Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China. Electronic address: yang_xuesong@126.com.
Xuesong
X
Yang
D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000187:drug effects / Q000196:embryology / Q000378:metabolism; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002642:Chick Embryo; D024161:Collagen Type XI / Q000235:genetics; D047108:Embryonic Development / Q000187:drug effects; D000431:Ethanol / Q000633:toxicity*; D053509:Matrix Metalloproteinase 13 / Q000235:genetics; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000235:genetics; D009432:Neural Crest / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism
D024161:Collagen Type XI; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D000431:Ethanol; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase; D053509:Matrix Metalloproteinase 13; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9
Chick embryo; Ethanol; Micromass culture; Osteogenesis; ROS