Endoscopic endonasal anatomy of the ophthalmic artery in the optic canal.
The endoscopic endonasal opening of the optic canal has been recently proposed for tumors with medial invasion of this canal, such as tuberculum sellae meningiomas. Injury of the ophthalmic artery represents a dramatic risk during this maneuver. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyze the endoscopic endonasal anatomy of the precanalicular and canalicular portion of this vessel, discussing its clinical implication.



The course of the ophthalmic artery was analyzed through five endoscopic endonasal dissections, and 40 nonpathological consecutive MRAs were reviewed.



The ophthalmic artery arises from the intradural portion of the supraclinoid internal carotid artery, in 93 % of cases about 1.9 mm (range: 1-3) posterior to the falciform ligament. At the entrance into the optic canal, the ophthalmic artery is located infero-medially to the optic nerve in 13 % of cases. In 50 % of these cases the artery moves infero-laterally along its course, remaining in a medial position in the others. In cases with an non medial entrance of the ophthalmic artery, it runs infero-lateral to the optic nerve for its entire canalicular portion, with just one exception.



The endoscopic endonasal approach gives a direct, extensive and panoramic view of the course of the precanalicular and canalicular portion of the ophthalmic artery. Dedicated high-field neuroimaging studies are of paramount importance in preoperative planning to evaluate the anatomy of the ophthalmic artery, reducing the risk of jeopardizing the vessel, particularly for those uncommon cases with an infero-medial course of the artery.
Center of Surgery for Pituitary Tumors and Endoscopic Skull Base Surgery, Department of Neurosurgery, IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche, Bologna, Italy. matteozeta@libero.it.
Matteo
M
Zoli
Institute of Anatomy, DIBINEM, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
Lucia
L
Manzoli
Center of Surgery for Pituitary Tumors and Endoscopic Skull Base Surgery, Department of Neurosurgery, IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche, Bologna, Italy.
Rocco
R
Bonfatti
Institute of Anatomy, DIBINEM, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
Alessandra
A
Ruggeri
Institute of Anatomy, DIBINEM, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
Giulia Adalgisa
GA
Mariani
Department of Neuroradiology, IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche, Bologna, Italy.
Antonella
A
Bacci
Center of Surgery for Pituitary Tumors and Endoscopic Skull Base Surgery, Department of Neurosurgery, IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche, Bologna, Italy.
Carmelo
C
Sturiale
ENT Department, Ospedale Bellaria, Bologna, Italy.
Ernesto
E
Pasquini
Institute of Anatomy, DIBINEM, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
Anna Maria
AM
Billi
Center of Surgery for Pituitary Tumors and Endoscopic Skull Base Surgery, Department of Neurosurgery, IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche, Bologna, Italy.
Giorgio
G
Frank
Institute of Anatomy, DIBINEM, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
Lucio
L
Cocco
Center of Surgery for Pituitary Tumors and Endoscopic Skull Base Surgery, Department of Neurosurgery, IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche, Bologna, Italy.
Diego
D
Mazzatenta
D002102:Cadaver; D004724:Endoscopy / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D008577:Meningeal Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D008579:Meningioma / Q000601:surgery; D057605:Natural Orifice Endoscopic Surgery / Q000379:methods*; D019635:Neurosurgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D009666:Nose / Q000601:surgery; D009880:Ophthalmic Artery / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000601:surgery*; D009900:Optic Nerve / Q000601:surgery
Endoscopic endonasal approach; MRA; Ophthalmic artery; Optic canal; Optic nerve; Tuberculum sellae meningioma