Liver and Kidney Transplantation: A Half-Century Historical Perspective.
This article describes the evolution of solid organ kidney and liver transplantation and expounds on the challenges and successes that the early transplant researchers and clinicians encountered. The article highlights the surgical pioneers, delves into the milestones of enhanced immunosuppression protocols, discusses key federal legislative and policy changes, and expounds on the ongoing disparities of organ supply and demand and the need for extended criteria and live donor organs to combat these shortages. Finally, recent changes in organ allocation and distribution policies are discussed. The authors also spotlight novel interventions that will further revolutionize abdominal transplantation in the next 50 years.
Liver Transplantation, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Thomas Jefferson University Hospitals, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, 132 South 10th Street, Suite 480, Main Building, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA. Electronic address: David.Sass@jefferson.edu.
David A
DA
Sass
Kidney and Pancreas Transplantation, Division of Nephrology, Hahnemann University Hospital, Drexel University College of Medicine, 245 North Broad Street, Suite 12318, New College Building, Philadelphia, PA 19102-1101, USA. Electronic address: Alden.Doyle@drexelmed.edu.
Alden M
AM
Doyle
D049673:History, 20th Century; D049674:History, 21st Century; D006801:Humans; D007165:Immunosuppression Therapy / Q000266:history*; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000266:history*; D016031:Liver Transplantation / Q000266:history*; D009927:Tissue and Organ Procurement / Q000266:history*; D014481:United States
Evolution of immunosuppression; Historical perspective; Kidney transplantation; Liver transplantation; Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network; Organ allocation; UNOS