Fungal morphogenetic changes inside the mammalian host.
One of the main features of the majority of pathogenic fungi is the ability to switch between different types of morphological forms. These changes include the transition between cells of different shapes (such as the formation of pseudohyphae and hyphae), or the massive growth of the blastoconidia and formation of titan cells. Morphological changes occur during infection, and there is extensive evidence that they play a key role in processes required for disease, such as adhesion, invasion and dissemination, immune recognition evasion, and phagocytosis avoidance. In the present review, we will provide an overview of how morphological transitions contribute to the development of fungal disease, with special emphasis in two cases: Candida albicans as an example of yeast that switches between blastoconidia and filaments, and Cryptococcus neoformans as an example of a fungus that changes the size without modifying the shape of the cell.
Mycology Reference Laboratory, National Centre for Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Carretera Majadahonda-Pozuelo Km2, Majadahonda 28220, Madrid, Spain.
Nuria
N
Trevijano-Contador
Mycology Reference Laboratory, National Centre for Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Carretera Majadahonda-Pozuelo Km2, Majadahonda 28220, Madrid, Spain.
Cristina
C
Rueda
Mycology Reference Laboratory, National Centre for Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Carretera Majadahonda-Pozuelo Km2, Majadahonda 28220, Madrid, Spain. Electronic address: ozaragoza@isciii.es.
Oscar
O
Zaragoza
D000818:Animals; D048429:Cell Size; D005658:Fungi / Q000502:physiology*; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions; D006801:Humans; D008322:Mammals / Q000382:microbiology*; D009024:Morphogenesis
Blastoconidia; Filament; Hyphae; Immune evasion; Phagocytosis; Titan cell