Arginine Relieves the Inflammatory Response and Enhances the Casein Expression in Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells Induced by Lipopolysaccharide.
As one of functional active amino acids, L-arginine holds a key position in immunity. However, the mechanism that arginine modulates cow mammary inflammatory response in ruminant is unclear. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the effects of L-arginine on inflammatory response and casein expression after challenging the bovine mammary epithelial cells (BMECs) with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The cells were divided into four groups, stimulated with or without LPS (10 μg/mL) and treated with or without arginine (100 μg/mL) for 12 h. The concentration of proinflammatory cytokines, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), and Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling pathways as well as the casein was determined. The results showed that arginine reduced the LPS-induced production like IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and iNOS. Though the expression of NF-κB was attenuated and the mTOR signaling pathway was upregulated, arginine had no effect on TLR4 expression. In addition, our results show that the content of β-casein and the total casein were enhanced after arginine was supplemented in LPS-induced BMECs. In conclusion, arginine could relieve the inflammatory reaction induced by LPS and enhance the concentration of β-casein and the total casein in bovine mammary epithelial cells.
Laboratory of Metabolic Manipulation of Herbivorous Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
Tianyou
T
Wu
Cell Signaling Group, School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Western Australia, M Block QEII Medical Center, Monash Avenue, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia.
Chao
C
Wang
Laboratory of Metabolic Manipulation of Herbivorous Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
Luoyang
L
Ding
Laboratory of Metabolic Manipulation of Herbivorous Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
Yizhao
Y
Shen
Laboratory of Metabolic Manipulation of Herbivorous Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
Huihui
H
Cui
Laboratory of Metabolic Manipulation of Herbivorous Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
Mengzhi
M
Wang
Laboratory of Metabolic Manipulation of Herbivorous Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
Hongrong
H
Wang
D000818:Animals; D001120:Arginine / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002364:Caseins / Q000378:metabolism*; D002417:Cattle; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism*; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D042361:Mammary Glands, Human / Q000166:cytology*; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000378:metabolism; D009589:Nitrogen Oxides / Q000378:metabolism; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4 / Q000378:metabolism; D051996:Transcription Factor RelA / Q000378:metabolism
D002364:Caseins; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D009589:Nitrogen Oxides; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4; D051996:Transcription Factor RelA; D001120:Arginine; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II