Recent discoveries on absorption of dietary fat: Presence, synthesis, and metabolism of cytoplasmic lipid droplets within enterocytes.
Dietary fat provides essential nutrients, contributes to energy balance, and regulates blood lipid concentrations. These functions are important to health, but can also become dysregulated and contribute to diseases such as obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. Within enterocytes, the digestive products of dietary fat are re-synthesized into triacylglycerol, which is either secreted on chylomicrons or stored within cytoplasmic lipid droplets (CLDs). CLDs were originally thought to be inert stores of neutral lipids, but are now recognized as dynamic organelles that function in multiple cellular processes in addition to lipid metabolism. This review will highlight recent discoveries related to dietary fat absorption with an emphasis on the presence, synthesis, and metabolism of CLDs within this process.
Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
Theresa
T
D'Aquila
Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
Yu-Han
YH
Hung
Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
Alicia
A
Carreiro
Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA. Electronic address: kbuhman@purdue.edu.
Kimberly K
KK
Buhman
D000327:Adsorption; D000818:Animals; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000378:metabolism; D002914:Chylomicrons / Q000378:metabolism; D003593:Cytoplasm / Q000378:metabolism*; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000378:metabolism; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000378:metabolism*; D020895:Enterocytes / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D066292:Lipid Droplets / Q000378:metabolism*; D050356:Lipid Metabolism; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism; D009765:Obesity / Q000378:metabolism
D002914:Chylomicrons; D004041:Dietary Fats
Chylomicron; Cytoplasmic lipid droplet; Dietary fat absorption; Enterocyte; Lipid metabolism; Small intestine; Triacylglycerol