The role of Akt (protein kinase B) and protein kinase C in ischemia-reperfusion injury.
Stroke is a leading cause of long-term disability and death in the United States. Currently, tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), is the only Food and Drug Administration-approved treatment for acute ischemic stroke. However, the use of tPA is restricted to a small subset of acute stroke patients due to its limited 3-h therapeutic time window. Given the limited therapeutic options at present and the multi-factorial progression of ischemic stroke, emphasis has been placed on the discovery and use of combination therapies aimed at various molecular targets contributing to ischemic cell death. Protein kinase C (PKC) and Akt (protein kinase B) are serine/threonine kinases that play a critical role in mediating ischemic-reperfusion injury and cellular growth and survival, respectively. The present review will examine the role of PKC and Akt in the cellular response to ischemic-reperfusion injury.
a Departmentof Neurosurgery , Wayne State University School of Medicine , Detroit , MI 48201 , USA.
Ethan Y
EY
Zhao
b Michigan State University College of Osteopathic Medicine , East Lansing , MI 48825 , USA.
Aslan
A
Efendizade
c Department of Neurology , China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University , Beijing , China.
Lipeng
L
Cai
a Departmentof Neurosurgery , Wayne State University School of Medicine , Detroit , MI 48201 , USA.|c Department of Neurology , China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University , Beijing , China.
Yuchuan
Y
Ding
D000818:Animals; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000201:enzymology*; D006801:Humans; D008954:Models, Biological; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000378:metabolism*; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000378:metabolism*; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000201:enzymology*
D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D011493:Protein Kinase C
Akt; Cerebral ischemia–reperfusion injury; Neuroprotection; PKC