Quality of Life of Transgender Women From China and Associated Factors: A Cross-Sectional Study.
Transgender women are exposed to stressful situations such as gender transition and transition-related discrimination because of their limited acceptance by the general population and inadequate government-supplied resources, which can compromise their quality of life (QOL). However, there is a paucity of research on the QOL of transgender women from China.



To assess the QOL of transgender women from China and explore its associated factors.



A cross-sectional study was performed by convenience sampling in Shenyang, China from January 2014 to July 2014. This sample consisted of 209 transgender women. The women were interviewed face-to-face to assess their QOL and related factors using the 36-item Short-Form Health Survey, the Adult Dispositional (Trait) Hope Scale, and the EGO Resilience Scale.



Response scores were calculated based on a questionnaire design. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis was performed to explore factors associated with QOL.



Transgender women who used hormone therapy reported significantly lower levels of the physical component summary (PCS) and the mental component summary (MCS) compared with those who did not (P < .05). Hierarchical multiple regression analysis showed that of the 23 independent variables, 8 were significantly associated with the PCS and 9 were significantly associated with the MCS. The PCS was significantly and negatively associated with age and being chased or insulted by law enforcement officials. The PCS was positively associated with not using hormone therapy, having no casual partners, less discrimination from friends, knowledge of HIV prevention, hope, and resilience. Educational level and being chased or insulted by law enforcement officials were negatively associated with the MCS, whereas not using hormone therapy, having no regular partners or casual partners, less discrimination from friends, less social discrimination, knowledge of HIV prevention, and hope were positively associated with the MCS.



Chinese transgender women reported high levels of physical QOL but low levels of mental QOL. Their mental QOL was more pronounced than their physical QOL. Transition status and sexual partnership played the most important roles in physical and mental health. Furthermore, mental QOL was best predicted by assessing positive capabilities, such as levels of hope. Future interventions should focus on recognizing transition status and identifying risky sexual partnerships, especially for the casual partners involved in these partnerships. In addition, positive capabilities are needed to ameliorate the negative impact of transition on QOL in Chinese transgender women.
Department of Social Medicine, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China. Electronic address: yangxs@mail.cmu.edu.cn.
Xiaoshi
X
Yang
Department of English, School of Fundamental Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
Lina
L
Zhao
Department of Social Medicine, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
Lie
L
Wang
Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Takemi Program in International Health, Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
Chun
C
Hao
Department of AIDS and STD Control, Shenyang Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenyang, China.
Yuan
Y
Gu
Department of AIDS and STD Control, Shenyang Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenyang, China.
Wei
W
Song
Department of Social Medicine, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
Qun
Q
Zhao
Department of AIDS and STD Control, Shenyang Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenyang, China.
Xiaoli
X
Wang
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002681:China; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008603:Mental Health; D008875:Middle Aged; D011788:Quality of Life; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012747:Sexual Partners; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D063106:Transgender Persons / Q000523:psychology*; D055815:Young Adult
Hope; Quality of Life; Resilience; Sexual Partnership; Transgender Women; Transition Status