Developmental origin and lineage plasticity of endogenous cardiac stem cells.
Over the past two decades, several populations of cardiac stem cells have been described in the adult mammalian heart. For the most part, however, their lineage origins and in vivo functions remain largely unexplored. This Review summarizes what is known about different populations of embryonic and adult cardiac stem cells, including KIT(+), PDGFRα(+), ISL1(+)and SCA1(+)cells, side population cells, cardiospheres and epicardial cells. We discuss their developmental origins and defining characteristics, and consider their possible contribution to heart organogenesis and regeneration. We also summarize the origin and plasticity of cardiac fibroblasts and circulating endothelial progenitor cells, and consider what role these cells have in contributing to cardiac repair.
Cardiovascular Research Centre, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY, USA.
Maria Paola
MP
Santini
Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, 405 Liverpool Street, Darlinghurst 2010, Australia St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Kensington 2052, Australia Stem Cells Australia, Melbourne Brain Centre, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.
Elvira
E
Forte
Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, 405 Liverpool Street, Darlinghurst 2010, Australia St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Kensington 2052, Australia Stem Cells Australia, Melbourne Brain Centre, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Kensington 2052, Australia r.harvey@victorchang.edu.au.
Richard P
RP
Harvey
Cardiovascular Research Centre, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY, USA Stem Cells Australia, Melbourne Brain Centre, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.
Jason C
JC
Kovacic
D053687:Adult Stem Cells; D000818:Animals; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D019070:Cell Lineage; D053595:Embryonic Stem Cells; D006801:Humans; D009206:Myocardium / Q000166:cytology*; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology*
Adult mammalian heart; Cardiac stem cells; Cardiovascular cells; Embryonic precursor cells; Heart organogenesis; Regeneration