title: Killing Rates of Caspofungin in 50 Percent Serum Correlate with Caspofungin Efficacy Against Candida albicans in a Neutropenic Murine Model.
abstract: Previous studies suggested that caspofungin dose escalation against Candida species is more beneficial than currently used lower daily doses. Thus, we determined in vitro and in vivo activity of caspofungin against six wild-type C. albicans clinical isolates, the ATCC 10231 strain and an echinocandin resistant strain. MIC ranges of clinical isolates in RPMI-1640 with and without 50% serum were 0.125-0.25 and 0.015-0.06 mg/L, respectively. Two and three isolates showed paradoxical growth in MIC and time-kill tests, respectively, in RPMI-1640 but not in 50% serum. Caspofungin killing rate (k) in RPMI-1640 at 1 mg/L was higher than at 16 and 32 mg/L for all isolates (p<0.001). Killing rates for five of six isolates were concentration independent between 1-32 mg/L in 50% serum (p>0.05 for all comparisons), but for one isolate k value at 32 mg/L was significantly lower than at 1-16 mg/L. Although k values at 1-32 mg/L showed a great variability in 50% serum (the lowest and highest k value ranges were 0.085-0.109 and 0.882-0.985 1/h, respectively), daily 3, 5 and 15 mg/kg caspofungin was effective in a neutropenic murine model against all isolates, without significant differences between the effective doses. This study confirms that paradoxical growth does not affect the in vivo efficacy of caspofungin. We demonstrated that dose escalation did not increase the efficacy of caspofungin against C. albicans either in vitro or in vivo. These results are in concordance with the clinical experience that efficacy of echinocandins does not increase at larger doses.
authors.forename: Marianna
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Domán
authors.forename: Renátó
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kovács
authors.forename: Gábor
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kardos
authors.forename: Rudolf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gesztelyi
authors.forename: Béla
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Juhász
authors.forename: Aliz
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bozó
authors.forename: Tamás
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kardos
authors.forename: Qasem
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Saleh
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98. Hungary. major@med.unideb.hu.
authors.forename: László
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Majoros
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002176:Candida albicans / Q000187:drug effects*; D000077336:Caspofungin; D003520:Cyclophosphamide / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D054714:Echinocandins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D055666:Lipopeptides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D009503:Neutropenia / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents; D054714:Echinocandins; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D055666:Lipopeptides; D003520:Cyclophosphamide; D000077336:Caspofungin