title: A Critical Comparison Between Two Scanning Protocols of High-Resolution Peripheral Quantitative Computed Tomography at the Distal Radius in Adolescents.
abstract: High-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT) is a unique technology for assessing bone mineral density and bone microarchitecture. Currently, no universally accepted protocol for selecting the region of interest (ROI) at the distal radius has been established for growing subjects. This study aimed (1) to investigate the differences in HR-pQCT measurements of 2 different ROI protocols applied to the distal radius of healthy adolescents and (2) to identify the least common area of ROI (the least common ROI) between the protocols. Twenty-six boys and 26 girls aged between 13 and 16 yr old were recruited. Nondominant distal radius was scanned by 2 HR-pQCT protocols, namely, the "5-mm protocol," where the distal end of ROI started at 5 mm proximal to a reference line, and the "4% protocol," where the ROI started at 4% of the ulnar length proximal to another reference line. The least common ROI between the 2 protocols was identified and the slice numbering within the common ROI was determined. Bland-Altman plots were used to check the agreement of the least common ROIs between the 2 protocols. Paired t-test and Wilcoxon signed-rank test were used for analysis. In boys, significant differences between protocols were found in most parameters with the maximum difference observed in the cortical area (25.0%, p < 0.001). In girls, differences were observed only for total volumetric bone mineral density (3.6%, p = 0.032). The number of slices in the least common ROI was 66 (60.0%) and 57 (51.8%) in boys and girls, respectively. Good agreements on all HR-pQCT parameters from the least common ROI between the 2 protocols were found. Significant differences in bone parameters were noted between the 2 protocols. When comparing the 2 protocols, observed gender differences could reflect the differences in skeletal growth at the peripubertal period between genders. Least common ROI could be useful for cross-center comparisons and when merging datasets from different centers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR; SH Ho Scoliosis Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR; Joint Scoliosis Research Center of the Chinese University of Hong Kong and Nanjing University, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR.
authors.forename: Ka-Yee
authors.initials: KY
authors.lastname: Cheuk
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR; SH Ho Scoliosis Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR; Joint Scoliosis Research Center of the Chinese University of Hong Kong and Nanjing University, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR.
authors.forename: Elisa Man-Shan
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Tam
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR; SH Ho Scoliosis Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR; Joint Scoliosis Research Center of the Chinese University of Hong Kong and Nanjing University, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR; Bone Quality and Health Centre, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR.
authors.forename: Fiona Wai-Ping
authors.initials: FW
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR; SH Ho Scoliosis Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR; School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR.
authors.forename: Benjamin Hon-Kei
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Yip
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR; SH Ho Scoliosis Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR; Joint Scoliosis Research Center of the Chinese University of Hong Kong and Nanjing University, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR; Bone Quality and Health Centre, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR.
authors.forename: Vivian Wing-Yin
authors.initials: VW
authors.lastname: Hung
authors.affiliation: Departments of Endocrinology and Medicine, Austin Health, University of Melbourne, Australia.
authors.forename: Xiaofang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Departments of Endocrinology and Medicine, Austin Health, University of Melbourne, Australia.
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ghasem-Zadeh
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR; SH Ho Scoliosis Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR; Bone Quality and Health Centre, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR.
authors.forename: Tracy Y
authors.initials: TY
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR; SH Ho Scoliosis Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR; Bone Quality and Health Centre, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR.
authors.forename: Ling
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Qin
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR; SH Ho Scoliosis Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR; Joint Scoliosis Research Center of the Chinese University of Hong Kong and Nanjing University, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR; Bone Quality and Health Centre, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR.
authors.forename: Jack Chun-Yiu
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR; SH Ho Scoliosis Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR; Joint Scoliosis Research Center of the Chinese University of Hong Kong and Nanjing University, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR; Bone Quality and Health Centre, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR. Electronic address: tplam@ort.cuhk.edu.hk.
authors.forename: Tsz-Ping
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: Lam
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D015519:Bone Density; D005260:Female; D064368:Healthy Volunteers; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011884:Radius / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods*
keywords: Adolescent; distal radius; high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography; region of interest; scanning protocols