title: In situ TEM studies of micron-sized all-solid-state fluoride ion batteries: Preparation, prospects, and challenges.
abstract: Trustworthy preparation and contacting of micron-sized batteries is an essential task to enable reliable in situ TEM studies during electrochemical biasing. Some of the challenges and solutions for the preparation of all-solid-state batteries for in situ TEM electrochemical studies are discussed using an optimized focused ion beam (FIB) approach. In particular redeposition, resistivity, porosity of the electrodes/electrolyte and leakage current are addressed. Overcoming these challenges, an all-solid-state fluoride ion battery has been prepared as a model system for in situ TEM electrochemical biasing studies and first results on a Bi/La0.9 Ba0.1 F2.9 half-cell are presented. Microsc. Res. Tech. 79:615-624, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Nanotechnology (INT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.|Joint Research Laboratory Nanomaterials (KIT and TUD) at Technische Universität Darmstadt (TUD), Jovanka-Bontschits-Str. 2, Darmstadt, 64287, Germany.
authors.forename: Mohammed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hammad Fawey
authors.affiliation: Institute of Nanotechnology (INT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.|Joint Research Laboratory Nanomaterials (KIT and TUD) at Technische Universität Darmstadt (TUD), Jovanka-Bontschits-Str. 2, Darmstadt, 64287, Germany.|Helmholtz Institute Ulm for Electrochemical Energy Storage (HIU), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Helmholtzstr. 11, Ulm, 89081, Germany.|Karlsruhe Nano Micro Facility (KNMF), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.
authors.forename: Venkata Sai Kiran
authors.initials: VS
authors.lastname: Chakravadhanula
authors.affiliation: Institute of Nanotechnology (INT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.|Helmholtz Institute Ulm for Electrochemical Energy Storage (HIU), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Helmholtzstr. 11, Ulm, 89081, Germany.
authors.forename: Munnangi Anji
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Reddy
authors.affiliation: Institute of Nanotechnology (INT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.
authors.forename: Carine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rongeat
authors.affiliation: Institute of Nanotechnology (INT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.|Karlsruhe Nano Micro Facility (KNMF), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.
authors.forename: Torsten
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Scherer
authors.affiliation: Institute of Nanotechnology (INT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.|Joint Research Laboratory Nanomaterials (KIT and TUD) at Technische Universität Darmstadt (TUD), Jovanka-Bontschits-Str. 2, Darmstadt, 64287, Germany.|Helmholtz Institute Ulm for Electrochemical Energy Storage (HIU), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Helmholtzstr. 11, Ulm, 89081, Germany.
authors.forename: Horst
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hahn
authors.affiliation: Institute of Nanotechnology (INT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.|Helmholtz Institute Ulm for Electrochemical Energy Storage (HIU), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Helmholtzstr. 11, Ulm, 89081, Germany.
authors.forename: Maximilian
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fichtner
authors.affiliation: Institute of Nanotechnology (INT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.|Helmholtz Institute Ulm for Electrochemical Energy Storage (HIU), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Helmholtzstr. 11, Ulm, 89081, Germany.|Karlsruhe Nano Micro Facility (KNMF), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kübel
keywords: all-solid-state-battery; fluoride ion battery; focused ion beam (FIB); in situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM); solid-state electrochemistry