title: Endometrial Injury May Increase the Pregnancy Rate in Patients Undergoing Intrauterine Insemination: An Interventional Randomized Clinical Trial.
abstract: This study aimed to investigate the effect of endometrial injury using Pipelle catheter in the follicular phase (cycle day 5, 6, or 7) of the stimulation cycle on pregnancy rates in patients undergoing intrauterine insemination.
  
  
  
  This prospective randomized controlled study was carried out in the Assisted Reproductive Technology Unit of Ain Shams University Maternity Hospital, Cairo, Egypt, from July 1, 2013 to August 31, 2015. Three hundred sixty women, 20 to 35 years of age, with patent fallopian tubes, mild male factor infertility, or unexplained infertility were recruited. Participants were allocated randomly into 2 groups: experimental arm and control arm. Women in the experimental arm underwent endometrial biopsy using a Pipelle catheter on day 5, 6, or 7 of the stimulation cycle combined with intrauterine insemination. Women in the control group underwent intrauterine insemination with no endometrial biopsy done. The primary outcomes were the clinical and chemical pregnancy rates.
  
  
  
  Data of 344 participants were statistically analyzed. The chemical pregnancy rate was 23.66% in the experimental arm and 10.85% in the control arm (P = .002). The clinical pregnancy rate was 18.93% in the experimental arm and 7.42% in the control arm (P = .003).
  
  
  
  Endometrial injury using a Pipelle catheter in the stimulation cycle may improve pregnancy rates in women undergoing intrauterine insemination.
authors.affiliation: Assisted Reproductive Technology Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt abahaa0503@med.asu.edu.eg.
authors.forename: Ahmed M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Bahaa Eldin
authors.affiliation: Assisted Reproductive Technology Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
authors.forename: Karim H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Abdelmaabud
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
authors.forename: Mohamed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Laban
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
authors.forename: Alaa S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Hassanin
authors.affiliation: Assisted Reproductive Technology Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
authors.forename: Ahmed A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Tharwat
authors.affiliation: Assisted Reproductive Technology Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
authors.forename: Tarek R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Aly
authors.affiliation: Assisted Reproductive Technology Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
authors.forename: Ahmed E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Elbohoty
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
authors.forename: Helmy M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Elsayed
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
authors.forename: Ahmed M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Ibrahim
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
authors.forename: Mohammed E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Ibrahim
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
authors.forename: Haitham M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Sabaa
authors.affiliation: Assisted Reproductive Technology Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
authors.forename: Azza A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Abdelrazik
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
authors.forename: Ibrahim
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Abdelhady
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D057785:Catheters; D004717:Endometrium / Q000293:injuries*; D005260:Female; D005498:Follicular Phase; D006801:Humans; D007315:Insemination, Artificial / Q000379:methods*; D011247:Pregnancy; D018873:Pregnancy Rate; D011446:Prospective Studies; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Pipelle; endometrial injury; endometrial scratch; infertility; intrauterine insemination