title: Neuroprotective and Cytotoxic Phthalides from Angelicae Sinensis Radix.
abstract: Seven phthalides, including a new dimeric one named tokinolide C (7), were isolated from Angelicae Sinensis Radix and characterized. The structures of these compounds were elucidated on the basis of comprehensive analysis of spectroscopic data and comparison with literature data. All of the compounds were evaluated for their cytotoxic activities against the A549, HCT-8, and HepG2 cancer cell lines. Riligustilide (4) showed cytotoxicity against three cancer cell lines, with IC50 values of 13.82, 6.79, and 7.92 μM, respectively. Tokinolide A (6) and tokinolide C (6) exerted low cytotoxicity in these cancer cell lines, while the remaining compounds were inactive. Flow cytometry analysis was employed to evaluate the possible mechanism of cytotoxic action of riligustilide (4). We observed that compound 4 was able to arrest the cell cycle in the G1, S phases and induce apoptosis in a time-dependent manner in HCT-8 cell lines. In addition, these compounds were evaluated for neuroprotective effect against SH-SY5Y cells injured by glutamate. The result showed that ligustilide (1), Z-butylidenephthalide (3) and tokinolide A (6) exhibited significant neuroprotective effects.
authors.affiliation: Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, No.92, Wucheng Road, Taiyuan 030006, China. 18835126271@163.com.
authors.forename: Wenxia
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Gong
authors.affiliation: Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, No.92, Wucheng Road, Taiyuan 030006, China. zhouyuzhi@sxu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Yuzhi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, No.92, Wucheng Road, Taiyuan 030006, China. lixiaoedu@126.com.
authors.forename: Xiao
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, No.92, Wucheng Road, Taiyuan 030006, China. gaoxiaoxia@sxu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Xiaoxia
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, No.92, Wucheng Road, Taiyuan 030006, China. jstian@sxu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Junsheng
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.affiliation: Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, No.92, Wucheng Road, Taiyuan 030006, China. qinxm@sxu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Xuemei
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Qin
authors.affiliation: Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, No.92, Wucheng Road, Taiyuan 030006, China. dugh@imm.ac.cn.|Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences &amp; Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China. dugh@imm.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Guanhua
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Du
mesh_terms: D029971:Angelica sinensis / Q000737:chemistry*; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D001572:Benzofurans / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D002460:Cell Line; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D018698:Glutamic Acid / Q000633:toxicity; D056945:Hep G2 Cells; D006801:Humans; D015394:Molecular Structure; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D001572:Benzofurans; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; C517987:riligustilide; D018698:Glutamic Acid
keywords: Angelicae Sinensis Radix; cytotoxicity activity; flow cytometry; neuroprotective effect; phthalides