title: Anti-inflammatory effect of aqueous extracts of spent Pleurotus ostreatus substrates in mouse ears treated with 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the application of spent Pleurotus ostreatus substrates, enriched or not with medicinal herbs, as a source of anti-inflammatory compounds.
  
  
  METHODS
  P. ostreatus was cultivated on five different substrates: Barley straw (BS) and BS combined 80:20 with medicinal herbs (Chenopodium ambrosioides L. [BS/CA], Rosmarinus officinalis L. [BS/RO], Litsea glaucescens Kunth [BS/LG], and Tagetes lucida Cav. [BS/TL]). The anti-inflammatory activity of aqueous extracts of spent mushroom substrates (SMSs) (4 mg/ear) was studied using an acute inflammation model in the mouse ear induced with 2.5 μg/ear 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol13-acetate (TPA).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Groups treated with BS/CA, BS/RO, and BS/LG aqueous extracts exhibited the best anti-inflammatory activity (94.0% ± 5.5%, 92.9% ± 0.6%, and 90.4% ± 5.0% inhibition of auricular edema [IAO], respectively), and these effects were significantly different (P < 0.05) from that of the positive control indomethacin (0.5 mg/ear). BS/TL and BS were also able to reduce TPA-induced inflammation but to a lesser extent (70.0% ± 6.7% and 43.5% ± 6.6% IAO, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Spent P. ostreatus substrate of BS possesses a slight anti-inflammatory effect. The addition of CA L. to mushroom substrate showed a slightly synergistic effect while RO L. had an additive effect. In addition, LG Kunth and TL Cav. enhanced the anti-inflammatory effect of SMS. However, to determine whether there is a synergistic or additive effect, it is necessary to determine the anti-inflammatory effect of each medicinal herb.
authors.affiliation: Academic Area of Veterinary Medicine, Autonomous University of Hidalgo Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Tulancingo, Hidalgo, México.
authors.forename: Nallely
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Rivero-Pérez
authors.affiliation: Academic Area of Veterinary Medicine, Autonomous University of Hidalgo Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Tulancingo, Hidalgo, México.
authors.forename: Maricela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ayala-Martínez
authors.affiliation: Academic Area of Veterinary Medicine, Autonomous University of Hidalgo Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Tulancingo, Hidalgo, México.
authors.forename: Armando
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zepeda-Bastida
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, Anahuac University Faculty of Health Sciences, Huixquilucan, México.
authors.forename: Marcos
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Meneses-Mayo
authors.affiliation: Academic Area of Veterinary Medicine, Autonomous University of Hidalgo Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Tulancingo, Hidalgo, México.
authors.forename: Deyanira
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ojeda-Ramírez
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D010031:Otitis / Q000139:chemically induced*; D020076:Pleurotus / Q000737:chemistry*; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate
keywords: Anti-inflammatory activity; Pleurotus ostreatus; medicinal herbs; spent mushroom substrate