title: Short-Term Exposure to Air Pollution and Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress: The Framingham Heart Study.
abstract: Short-term exposure to elevated air pollution has been associated with higher risk of acute cardiovascular diseases, with systemic oxidative stress induced by air pollution hypothesized as an important underlying mechanism. However, few community-based studies have assessed this association.
  
  
  
  Two thousand thirty-five Framingham Offspring Cohort participants living within 50 km of the Harvard Boston Supersite who were not current smokers were included. We assessed circulating biomarkers of oxidative stress including blood myeloperoxidase at the seventh examination (1998-2001) and urinary creatinine-indexed 8-epi-prostaglandin F2α (8-epi-PGF2α) at the seventh and eighth (2005-2008) examinations. We measured fine particulate matter (PM2.5), black carbon, sulfate, nitrogen oxides, and ozone at the Supersite and calculated 1-, 2-, 3-, 5-, and 7-day moving averages of each pollutant. Measured myeloperoxidase and 8-epi-PGF2α were loge transformed. We used linear regression models and linear mixed-effects models with random intercepts for myeloperoxidase and indexed 8-epi-PGF2α, respectively. Models were adjusted for demographic variables, individual- and area-level measures of socioeconomic position, clinical and lifestyle factors, weather, and temporal trend. We found positive associations of PM2.5 and black carbon with myeloperoxidase across multiple moving averages. Additionally, 2- to 7-day moving averages of PM2.5 and sulfate were consistently positively associated with 8-epi-PGF2α. Stronger positive associations of black carbon and sulfate with myeloperoxidase were observed among participants with diabetes than in those without.
  
  
  
  Our community-based investigation supports an association of select markers of ambient air pollution with circulating biomarkers of oxidative stress.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA Cardiovascular Epidemiology Research Unit, Department of Cardiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.
authors.forename: Wenyuan
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA Cardiovascular Epidemiology Research Unit, Department of Cardiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.
authors.forename: Elissa H
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Wilker
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA Cardiovascular Epidemiology Research Unit, Department of Cardiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.
authors.forename: Kirsten S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Dorans
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Epidemiology Research Unit, Department of Cardiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA.
authors.forename: Mary B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Rice
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA.
authors.forename: Joel
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Schwartz
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA.
authors.forename: Brent A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Coull
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA.
authors.forename: Petros
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Koutrakis
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA.
authors.forename: Diane R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Gold
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA.
authors.forename: John F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Keaney
authors.affiliation: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA Preventive Medicine and Cardiovascular Medicine Sections, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA.
authors.forename: Honghuang
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA Preventive Medicine and Cardiovascular Medicine Sections, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA.
authors.forename: Ramachandran S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Vasan
authors.affiliation: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA Preventive Medicine and Cardiovascular Medicine Sections, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA.
authors.forename: Emelia J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Benjamin
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA Cardiovascular Epidemiology Research Unit, Department of Cardiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA mmittlem@hsph.harvard.edu.
authors.forename: Murray A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Mittleman
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis; D000397:Air Pollution; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D001900:Boston; D002244:Carbon / Q000032:analysis; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003404:Creatinine / Q000652:urine; D015237:Dinoprost / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000652:urine; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D008404:Massachusetts; D008875:Middle Aged; D009589:Nitrogen Oxides / Q000032:analysis; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D010126:Ozone / Q000032:analysis; D052638:Particulate Matter / Q000032:analysis; D009195:Peroxidase / Q000097:blood*; D013431:Sulfates / Q000032:analysis; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D015415:Biomarkers; D009589:Nitrogen Oxides; D052638:Particulate Matter; D013431:Sulfates; C075750:8-epi-prostaglandin F2alpha; D010126:Ozone; D002244:Carbon; D003404:Creatinine; D015237:Dinoprost; D009195:Peroxidase
keywords: air pollution; isoprostanes; myeloperoxidase