title: Detection and quantification of human adenovirus genomes in Acanthamoeba isolated from swimming pools.
abstract: Acanthamoeba is the most common free-living environmental amoeba, it may serve as an important vehicle for various microorganisms living in the same environment, such as viruses, being pathogenic to humans. This study aimed to detect and quantify human adenoviruses (HAdV) in Acanthamoebas isolated from water samples collected from swimming pools in the city of Porto Alegre, Southern Brazil. Free-living amoebae of the genus Acanthamoeba were isolated from water samples, and isolates (n=16) were used to investigate the occurrence of HAdVs. HAdV detection was performed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). HAdVs were detected in 62.5% (10/16) of Acanthamoeba isolates, ranging from 3.24x103 to 5.14x105 DNA copies per milliliter of isolate. HAdV viral loads found in this study are not negligible, especially because HAdV infections are associated with several human diseases, including gastroenteritis, respiratory distress, and ocular diseases. These findings reinforce the concept that Acanthamoeba may act as a reservoir and promote HAdV transmission through water.
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Microbiologia Molecular, Universidade Feevale, RS-239, 2755, 96652-000 Novo Hamburgo, RS, Brasil, Universidade FEEVALE, Laboratório de Microbiologia Molecular, Universidade Feevale, Novo Hamburgo RS , Brazil.
authors.forename: Rodrigo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Staggemeier
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Virologia, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e ParasitologiaInstituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul/UFRGS, Rua Sarmento Leite, 500, 90050-170 Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre RS , Brazil.
authors.forename: Thalita
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Arantes
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Parasitologia, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul/UFRGS, Rua Sarmento Leite, 500, 90050-170 Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre RS , Brazil.
authors.forename: Karin S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Caumo
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Parasitologia, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul/UFRGS, Rua Sarmento Leite, 500, 90050-170 Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre RS , Brazil.
authors.forename: Marilise B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Rott
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Microbiologia Molecular, Universidade Feevale, RS-239, 2755, 96652-000 Novo Hamburgo, RS, Brasil, Universidade FEEVALE, Laboratório de Microbiologia Molecular, Universidade Feevale, Novo Hamburgo RS , Brazil.
authors.forename: Fernando R
authors.initials: FR
authors.lastname: Spilki
mesh_terms: D000048:Acanthamoeba / Q000821:virology*; D000260:Adenoviruses, Human / Q000235:genetics*; D001938:Brazil; D016679:Genome, Viral; D006801:Humans; D013551:Swimming Pools; D014871:Water Microbiology