title: Microtechnology-based organ systems and whole-body models for drug screening.
abstract: After drug administration, the drugs are absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and excreted (ADME). Because ADME processes affect drug efficacy, various in vitro models have been developed based on the ADME processes. Although these models have been widely accepted as a tool for predicting the effects of drugs, the differences between in vivo and in vitro systems result in high attrition rates of drugs during the development process and remain a major limitation. Recent advances in microtechnology enable more accurate mimicking of the in vivo environment, where cellular behavior and physiological responses to drugs are more realistic; this has led to the development of novel in vitro systems, known as "organ-on-a-chip" systems. The development of organ-on-a-chip systems has progressed to include the reproduction of multiple organ interactions, which is an important step towards "body-on-a-chip" systems that will ultimately predict whole-body responses to drugs. In this review, we summarize the application of microtechnology for the development of in vitro systems that accurately mimic in vivo environments and reconstruct multiple organ models.
authors.affiliation: School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Seung Hwan
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Sang Keun
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Ha
authors.affiliation: Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Inwook
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Center for BioMicrosystems, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Nakwon
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.|Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Tai Hyun
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Chemical Engineering, Hongik University, Seoul, Republic of Korea. jhsung22@hongik.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Jong Hwan
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Sung
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D032701:Biomimetics; D060833:Cellular Microenvironment; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical / Q000379:methods*; D041981:Gastrointestinal Tract / Q000166:cytology; D006801:Humans; D008168:Lung / Q000166:cytology; D046210:Microfluidic Analytical Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D008954:Models, Biological; D010599:Pharmacokinetics; D046509:Tissue Culture Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*
keywords: In vitro systems; Microfluidics; Microtechnology; Multiple organ interaction; Organ-on-a-chip