title: The chelation of colonic luminal iron by a unique sodium alginate for the improvement of gastrointestinal health.
abstract: Iron is an essential nutrient. However, in animal models, excess unabsorbed dietary iron residing within the colonic lumen has been shown to exacerbate inflammatory bowel disease and intestinal cancer. Therefore, the aims of this study were to screen a panel of alginates to identify a therapeutic that can chelate this pool of iron and thus be beneficial for intestinal health.
  
  
  
  Using several in vitro intestinal models, it is evident that only one alginate (Manucol LD) of the panel tested was able to inhibit intracellular iron accumulation as assessed by iron-mediated ferritin induction, transferrin receptor expression, intracellular (59) Fe concentrations, and iron flux across a Caco-2 monolayer. Additionally, Manucol LD suppressed iron absorption in mice, which was associated with increased fecal iron levels indicating iron chelation within the gastrointestinal tract. Furthermore, the bioactivity of Manucol LD was found to be highly dependent on both its molecular weight and its unique compositional sequence.
  
  
  
  Manucol LD could be useful for the chelation of this detrimental pool of unabsorbed iron and it could be fortified in foods to enhance intestinal health.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Cancer and Genomic Science, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK.
authors.forename: Richard D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Horniblow
authors.affiliation: Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.
authors.forename: Gladys O
authors.initials: GO
authors.lastname: Latunde-Dada
authors.affiliation: National Centre for Macromolecular Hydrodynamics, School of Biosciences, The University of Nottingham, Loughborough, UK.
authors.forename: Stephen E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Harding
authors.affiliation: Institute of Cancer and Genomic Science, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK.
authors.forename: Melanie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schneider
authors.affiliation: National Centre for Macromolecular Hydrodynamics, School of Biosciences, The University of Nottingham, Loughborough, UK.
authors.forename: Fahad M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Almutairi
authors.affiliation: Institute of Cancer and Genomic Science, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK.
authors.forename: Manroy
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sahni
authors.affiliation: Institute of Cancer and Genomic Science, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK.
authors.forename: Ahsan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bhatti
authors.affiliation: Institute of Cancer and Genomic Science, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK.
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ludwig
authors.affiliation: School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK.
authors.forename: Ian T
authors.initials: IT
authors.lastname: Norton
authors.affiliation: Institute of Cancer and Genomic Science, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK.
authors.forename: Tariq H
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Iqbal
authors.affiliation: Institute of Cancer and Genomic Science, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK. c.tselepis@bham.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Chris
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tselepis
mesh_terms: D000464:Alginates / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D018938:Caco-2 Cells; D003106:Colon / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism; D007422:Intestines / Q000187:drug effects; D007501:Iron / Q000378:metabolism; D007502:Iron Chelating Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D008815:Mice, Inbred Strains; D008970:Molecular Weight
chemical_list: D000464:Alginates; D007502:Iron Chelating Agents; C000624947:Manucol LD; D007501:Iron
keywords: Absorption; Alginate; Chelation; Intestinal; Iron