title: Cortactin is a prognostic marker for oral squamous cell carcinoma and its overexpression is involved in oral carcinogenesis.
abstract: EMS1 (chromosome eleven, band q13, mammary tumor and squamous cell carcinoma-associated gene 1) gene amplification and the concomitant cortactin overexpression have been reported to associate with poor prognosis and tumor metastasis. In this study, we examined cortactin expression by immunohistochemistry in human oral tumors and murine tongue tumors which were induced by the carcinogen 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide (4-NQO). The immunostaining results show over- to moderate expression of cortactin in 85% (104/122) of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) tissues and in all 15 leukoplakia tissues examined. Further, statistical analysis indicates that cortactin overexpression appears to be a predictor for shorter survival and poorer prognosis in OSCC patients. In an animal model, cortactin is shown to upregulate in infiltrating squamous cell carcinoma, papilloma, and epithelia with squamous hyperplasia, indicating that cortactin induction is an early event during oral carcinogenesis. It is suggested that cortactin expression is mediated in the progression of pre-malignancy to papilloma, based on earlier cortactin induction in pre-malignancy preceding cyclin D1 in papilloma. In conclusion, cortactin overexpression is frequently observed in human OSCC and mouse tongue tumors. Thus, cortactin may have an important role in the development of oral tumors in human and mice. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 32: 799-812, 2017.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.|Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yu-Ching
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Departments of Biochemistry, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Heng-Chien
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Ho
authors.affiliation: Departments of Biochemistry, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Miau-Rong
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chung-Min
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Yeh
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Hsien-Chang
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Tseng
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yung-Chang
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Departments of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan.|Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, 413, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Jing-Gung
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Chung
mesh_terms: D015112:4-Nitroquinoline-1-oxide / Q000633:toxicity; D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D001114:Areca / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D063646:Carcinogenesis; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000378:metabolism / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology*; D051356:Cortactin / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D019938:Cyclin D1 / Q000378:metabolism; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D007971:Leukoplakia / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008875:Middle Aged; D009062:Mouth Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011379:Prognosis; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D014062:Tongue Neoplasms / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D051356:Cortactin; D010936:Plant Extracts; D019938:Cyclin D1; D015112:4-Nitroquinoline-1-oxide
keywords: EMS1; carcinogenesis; cortactin; oral squamous cell carcinoma; overexpression