title: Effervescence-assisted β-cyclodextrin/attapulgite composite for the in-syringe dispersive solid-phase extraction of pyrethroids in environmental water samples.
abstract: In this research, an effervescence-assisted β-cyclodextrin/attapulgite composite (β-CD/ATP) for the in-syringe dispersive solid-phase extraction (EAIS-DSPE) of pyrethroids in environmental samples was developed for the first time. A syringe was used to conduct the extraction procedure and a small amount of β-CD/ATP was dispersed into the solution with the release of carbon dioxide when the effervescent tablet components dissolved in water. Then, the sorbent was recovered using a filter membrane, and the analytes were directly eluted using acetonitrile. In the process, the β-CD/ATP sorbent resulted in an excellent extraction efficiency compared to commercially available sorbents such as C18 and HLB. Moreover, in the extraction procedure, both the β-cyclodextrin inclusion interactions (especially the hydrophobic effects) and the special structure of the ATP contributed to the efficient enrichment of pyrethroids in aqueous media. The amount of β-CD/ATP sorbent, the volume of desorption, the ratio of NaH2PO4/Na2CO3, the volume of the sample, and the pH were screened using a Plackett-Burman design. All factors affecting the procedure were optimized by applying a central composite design. Under the optimized conditions, a good repeatability (RSDs) ranging from 1.7 to 2.3, linearity (2.5-500μgL(-1)), limits of detection (LODs) (0.15-1.03μgL(-1)), and an acceptable recoveries (76.8-86.5%) were achieved. Finally, the proposed method was successfully applied for the determination of pyrethroids in environmental samples including river water, reservoir water and lake water.
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2#, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China.
authors.forename: Xiaoling
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2#, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China.
authors.forename: Panjie
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2#, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China.
authors.forename: Xiaobing
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2#, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China.
authors.forename: Lu
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2#, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China.
authors.forename: Haixiang
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2#, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China.
authors.forename: Sanbing
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2#, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China.
authors.forename: Wenfeng
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2#, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China. Electronic address: rhlu@cau.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Runhua
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lu
mesh_terms: D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D017616:Magnesium Compounds; D011722:Pyrethrins; D017655:Silicon Compounds; D052616:Solid Phase Extraction; D013594:Syringes; D014867:Water; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D047392:beta-Cyclodextrins
chemical_list: D017616:Magnesium Compounds; D011722:Pyrethrins; D017655:Silicon Compounds; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D047392:beta-Cyclodextrins; D014867:Water; C026325:attapulgite
keywords: Effervescence-assisted; In-syringe dispersive solid phase extraction; Pyrethroids; Water samples; β-cyclodextrin/attapulgite