title: Retrospective comparison of sedated and non-sedated colonoscopy in an outpatient practice.
abstract: Although sedation and analgesia for patients undergoing colonoscopy are the standard practice in western countries, non-sedated colonoscopy is still in practice in Europe and the Far East. This variation in sedation practice relies on the different cultural attitudes of both patients and endoscopists across these countries. Data from the literature consistently report that, in non-sedated patients, the use of alternative techniques, such as water irrigation or carbon dioxide insufflation, can allow a high-quality and well-tolerated examination. We retrospectively reviewed prospectively collected performance improvement in endoscopy unit at King Khalid Hospital, Najran, Saudi Arabia. The tolerance of colonoscopy without sedation in terms of patient's ability to return to routine work and drive if necessary on the same day of procedure was evaluated. A total of 538 patients who underwent a colonoscopy at King Khalid Hospital endoscopy unit (Najran, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia) were reviewed from September 2011 to November 2013. All of the procedures were performed by two expert endoscopists, assisted by well-trained nursing staff. Insertion of the colonoscope was aided by insufflations of air, and in a few instances, by water through the colonoscope to minimize air insufflations. IV sedatives were administered upon the judgment of the physician when patient was unable to tolerate the procedure. Of 538 patients who underwent a colonoscopy, 79 patients required sedation. Forty-seven during the procedure and 32 requested pre-procedure sedation, most of them below 20 years of age. Thirty-two who requested pre-procedure sedation were excluded from our statistics. Of the remaining 506 cases, 47 (9.3 %) required sedation during procedure while 459 (90.7 %) tolerated the procedure without sedation. This shortened the hospital stay time, improved the ability to return to work much earlier, and undertake daily activities such as driving. It is also cost effective. The approach of non-sedative colonoscopy and use of sedation on-demand with minimal air insufflation or water infusion when needed during the procedure were well tolerated by approximately 91 % of patients at a single center in Saudi Arabia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, King Khalid Hospital, Najran, Saudi Arabia. dr_ali26@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Ali Mothanna
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Al-Zubaidi
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, King Khalid Hospital, Najran, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Abdelfattah Abdelqader
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Al-Shadadi
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, King Khalid Hospital, Najran, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Hassan Uthman
authors.initials: HU
authors.lastname: Alghamdy
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, King Khalid Hospital, Najran, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Abdu Hassan
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Alzobady
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, King Khalid Hospital, Najran, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Laeeque Ahmed
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Al-Qureshi
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, King Khalid Hospital, Najran, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Ibraheem Mohammed
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Al-Bakri
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000553:Ambulatory Care; D003113:Colonoscopy / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods* / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D054810:Deep Sedation / Q000191:economics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007902:Length of Stay / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D062707:Return to Work; D012529:Saudi Arabia; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Analgesia; Colonoscopy; Endoscopy; Non-sedated colonoscopy; Sedation