title: Selective Extraction of Gardenia Yellow and Geniposide from Gardenia jasminoides by Mechanochemistry.
abstract: A novel method for the selective extraction of gardenia yellow and geniposide from Gardenia Jasminoides, based on a mechanochemical method is described. Without the need of complex separation techniques, gardenia yellow compliant with the national standard could be extracted in a simple fashion. The optimal ball-milling conditions determined were as follows: 30% g/g. active carbon milling at 200 rpm in a planetary mill for 5 min. The extraction conditions of the milled mixtures were as follows: the milled mixtures were extracted with water (liquid-solid ratio 10:1) at 20 °C for 5 min with yields 85% of total geniposide, followed by extraction with 80% ethanol solution (liquid-solid ratio 5:1) and 1% g/g. Tween 20 at 75 °C for 5 min to yield 1.45% ± 0.108% g/g of gardenia yellow. The mechanism of this selective extraction was demonstrated to follow a microstructure change of activated carbon, which occurred during milling and lead to alteration of the corresponding desorption capacities. Compared with traditional extraction methods, this novel extraction technique greatly simplifies the separation process, and proves to be advantageous in terms of low organic solvent consumption, easy operation, rapid process and high efficiency.
authors.affiliation: National Engineering Research Center for Process Development of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients, Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China. 2005101219990701@163.com.|Key Laboratory for Green Pharmaceutical Technologies and Related Equipment of Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China. 2005101219990701@163.com.
authors.forename: Wenhao
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: National Engineering Research Center for Process Development of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients, Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China. yjb@zjut.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Jingbo
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: National Engineering Research Center for Process Development of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients, Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China. fwmolly@zjut.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Wen
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.affiliation: National Engineering Research Center for Process Development of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients, Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China. pharmlab@zjut.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Weike
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Su
mesh_terms: D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D055598:Chemical Phenomena; D002623:Chemistry Techniques, Analytical / Q000379:methods*; D032062:Gardenia / Q000737:chemistry; D039823:Iridoids / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000302:isolation & purification*
chemical_list: D039823:Iridoids; D010936:Plant Extracts; C007835:geniposide; C057653:gardenia yellow
keywords: Gardenia jasminoides; gardenia yellow; geniposide; mechanochemistry; selective extraction