title: The Role of 3D Modelling and Printing in Orthopaedic Tissue Engineering: A Review of the Current Literature.
abstract: Orthopaedic surgery lends itself well to advances in technology. An area of interest and ongoing research is that of the production of scaffolds for use in trauma and elective surgery. 3D printing provides unprecedented accuracy in terms of micro- and macro-structure and geometry for scaffold production. It can also be utilised to construct scaffolds of a variety of different materials and more recently has allowed for the construction of bio-implants which recapitulate bone and cartilage tissue. This review seeks to look at the various methods of 3DP, the materials used, elements of functionality and design, as well as modifications to increase the biomechanics and bioactivity of 3DP scaffolds.
authors.affiliation: Department of Trauma & Orthopaedics, Medway NHS Foundation Trust, Windmill Road, Gillingham, Kent, ME7 5NY, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Shalin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shaunak
authors.forename: Baljinder S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Dhinsa
authors.affiliation: Division of Trauma & Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 2QQ, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Wasim S
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Khan
mesh_terms: D000497:Alloys / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000166:cytology / Q000293:injuries / Q000601:surgery; D002356:Cartilage / Q000166:cytology / Q000293:injuries / Q000601:surgery; D002516:Ceramics / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D005898:Glass / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D045164:Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation / Q000379:methods*; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D016062:Porosity; D066330:Printing, Three-Dimensional / Q000639:trends*; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000379:methods*; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000497:Alloys; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D011108:Polymers; D014025:Titanium
keywords: 3D printing; Rapid prototyping; bone scaffold; orthopaedic implant.