title: Midgut Transcriptome of the Cockroach Periplaneta americana and Its Microbiota: Digestion, Detoxification and Oxidative Stress Response.
abstract: The cockroach, Periplaneta americana, is an obnoxious and notorious pest of the world, with a strong ability to adapt to a variety of complex environments. However, the molecular mechanism of this adaptability is mostly unknown. In this study, the genes and microbiota composition associated with the adaptation mechanism were studied by analyzing the transcriptome and 16S rDNA pyrosequencing of the P. americana midgut, respectively. Midgut transcriptome analysis identified 82,905 unigenes, among which 64 genes putatively involved in digestion (11 genes), detoxification (37 genes) and oxidative stress response (16 genes) were found. Evaluation of gene expression following treatment with cycloxaprid further revealed that the selected genes (CYP6J1, CYP4C1, CYP6K1, Delta GST, alpha-amylase, beta-glucosidase and aminopeptidase) were upregulated at least 2.0-fold at the transcriptional level, and four genes were upregulated more than 10.0-fold. An interesting finding was that three digestive enzymes positively responded to cycloxaprid application. Tissue expression profiles further showed that most of the selected genes were midgut-biased, with the exception of CYP6K1. The midgut microbiota composition was obtained via 16S rDNA pyrosequencing and was found to be mainly dominated by organisms from the Firmicutes phylum, among which Clostridiales, Lactobacillales and Burkholderiales were the main orders which might assist the host in the food digestion or detoxification of noxious compounds. The preponderant species, Clostridium cellulovorans, was previously reported to degrade lignocellulose efficiently in insects. The abundance of genes involved in digestion, detoxification and response to oxidative stress, and the diversity of microbiota in the midgut might provide P. americana high capacity to adapt to complex environments.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.
authors.forename: Jianhua
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.
authors.forename: Yixi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.
authors.forename: Jingjing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.
authors.forename: Meiling
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.
authors.forename: Zewen
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D018528:ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters / Q000235:genetics; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D003058:Cockroaches / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D004063:Digestion / Q000235:genetics*; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000235:genetics; D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D006575:Heterocyclic Compounds, 3-Ring / Q000494:pharmacology; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism*; D007422:Intestines / Q000382:microbiology / Q000502:physiology; D064307:Microbiota; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000235:genetics*; D011725:Pyridines / Q000494:pharmacology; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D059467:Transcriptome
chemical_list: D018528:ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters; D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins; D006575:Heterocyclic Compounds, 3-Ring; D011725:Pyridines; C583366:cycloxaprid; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; D005982:Glutathione Transferase