title: The diabetes-tuberculosis co-epidemic: the role of international migration.
abstract: A tuberculosis (TB) referral centre in Rome, Italy.
  
  
  
  To identify demographic and epidemiological characteristics associated with diabetes mellitus (DM) among patients with TB and to compare the clinical presentation of TB and TB-DM in the light of the growing worldwide burden of DM.
  
  
  
  We performed a retrospective study of TB cases diagnosed from 2007 to 2012.
  
  
  
  Among 971 TB patients, 723 were foreign-born and 63 (6.5%) had DM. DM prevalence was 12.7% (8/63) among those born in countries with DM prevalence ⩾8%, 4.7% (31/660) among patients from countries with DM prevalence <8% and 9.7% among Italian patients (24/248). In multivariable analysis, DM was independently associated with older age, and with being born in countries other than Italy, compared to Italians; this latter association was stronger in older patients. DM patients were also significantly more likely to be male and less likely to test positive for the human immunodeficiency virus. The presence of cavities was significantly associated with DM.
  
  
  
  As individuals born in high TB incidence and high DM prevalence countries emerge as a vulnerable population, greater attention to bidirectional low-cost screening in people from these countries is needed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Preclinical Research, National Institute for Infectious Diseases L Spallanzani 'Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico' (IRCCS), Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Caraffa
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Preclinical Research, National Institute for Infectious Diseases L Spallanzani 'Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico' (IRCCS), Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: M Sañé
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Schepisi
authors.affiliation: Clinical Department, National Institute for Infectious Diseases L Spallanzani 'Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico' (IRCCS), Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gualano
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Preclinical Research, National Institute for Infectious Diseases L Spallanzani 'Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico' (IRCCS), Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Parracino
authors.affiliation: Clinical Department, National Institute for Infectious Diseases L Spallanzani 'Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico' (IRCCS), Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rianda
authors.affiliation: Clinical Department, National Institute for Infectious Diseases L Spallanzani 'Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico' (IRCCS), Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Corpolongo
authors.affiliation: Clinical Department, National Institute for Infectious Diseases L Spallanzani 'Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico' (IRCCS), Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pinnetti
authors.affiliation: Clinical Department, National Institute for Infectious Diseases L Spallanzani 'Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico' (IRCCS), Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Galati
authors.affiliation: International Centre for Migration, Health and Development, Geneva, Switzerland.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Carballo
authors.affiliation: Office of the Scientific Director, National Institute for Infectious Diseases L Spallanzani IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ippolito
authors.affiliation: Clinical Department, National Institute for Infectious Diseases L Spallanzani 'Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico' (IRCCS), Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Palmieri
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Preclinical Research, National Institute for Infectious Diseases L Spallanzani 'Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico' (IRCCS), Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Girardi
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003731:Dental Caries / Q000453:epidemiology; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000208:ethnology; D004641:Emigration and Immigration; D058872:Epidemics; D005260:Female; D006679:HIV Seropositivity / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007558:Italy / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014376:Tuberculosis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000208:ethnology; D055815:Young Adult