title: Neurobehavioral and biochemical changes in Nauphoeta cinerea following dietary exposure to chlorpyrifos.
abstract: The present study aimed to increase our understanding about the mode of toxic action of organophosphate pesticides in insects by evaluating the biochemical and neurobehavioral characteristics in Nauphoeta cinerea exposed to chlorpyrifos (CPF)-contaminated diet. The insects were exposed for 35 consecutive days to CPF at 0.078, 0.15625, 0.3125 and 0.625μg/g feed. Locomotor behavior was assessed for a 10-min trial in a novel arena and subsequently, biochemical analyses were carried out using the cockroaches' heads. In comparison to control, CPF-exposed cockroaches showed significant decreases in the total distance traveled, body rotation, turn angle and meandering, along with significant increase in the number of falls, time and episodes of immobility. The marked decrease in the exploratory profiles of CPF-exposed cockroaches was confirmed by track plots, whereas occupancy plot analyses showed a progressive dispersion at 0.15625μg/g feed group. Moreover, the heads of CPF-exposed cockroaches showed marked decrease in acetylcholinesterase activity and antioxidant status with concomitant significant elevation in dichlorofluorescein oxidation and lipid peroxidation levels in CPF-treated cockroaches. Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry analyses revealed bioaccumulation of CPF in cockroaches exposed to concentrations above 0.078μg/g feed. The findings from this investigation showed N. cinerea as a value model organism for the risk assessment of environmental organophosphate contamination in insects.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, CCNE, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil; Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos 2600-Anexo, 90035-003 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Drug Metabolism and Toxicology Research Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Isaac A
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Adedara
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, CCNE, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Denis B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Rosemberg
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, CCNE, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Diego
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: de Souza
authors.affiliation: Drug Metabolism and Toxicology Research Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Ebenezer O
authors.initials: EO
authors.lastname: Farombi
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Pharmacology; Albert Einstein College of Medicine Forchheimer 209; 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Aschner
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos 2600-Anexo, 90035-003 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Diogo O
authors.initials: DO
authors.lastname: Souza
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, CCNE, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil. Electronic address: jbtrocha@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Joao B T
authors.initials: JBT
authors.lastname: Rocha
mesh_terms: D000110:Acetylcholinesterase / Q000187:drug effects; D000818:Animals; D004390:Chlorpyrifos / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003058:Cockroaches / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D007306:Insecticides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008124:Locomotion / Q000187:drug effects; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D007306:Insecticides; D000110:Acetylcholinesterase; D004390:Chlorpyrifos
keywords: Chlorpyrifos; Environmental contaminants; Nauphoeta cinerea; Neurobehavior; Oxidative stress