title: Secretory Leukocyte Protease Inhibitor Expression and High-Risk HPV Infection in Anal Lesions of HIV-Positive Patients.
abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI) expression in anal biopsies from HIV-positive (HIV+) individuals, and compare that to anal intraepithelial neoplasia (AIN) diagnoses and human papillomavirus (HPV) status.
  
  
  
  This is a cross-sectional study of a cohort of 54 HIV+ (31 males and 23 females) from an AIDS clinic in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
  
  
  
  The study material consisted of anorectal tissue biopsies obtained from HIV+ subjects, which were used to construct tissue microarray paraffin blocks for immunohistochemical analysis of SLPI expression. Biopsies were evaluated by an expert pathologist and classified as low-grade AIN1, high-grade AIN2/3, or normal squamous epithelium. In addition, DNA from the biopsies was extracted and analyzed for the presence of low- or high-risk HPV DNA.
  
  
  
  Histologically, normal squamous epithelium from the anorectal region showed strong positive SLPI staining in 17/20 (85%) samples. In comparison, 9/17 (53%) dysplastic squamous epithelial samples from AIN1 patients showed strong SLPI staining, and only 5/17 (29%) samples from AIN2/3 patients exhibited strong SPLI staining, which both were significantly fewer than those from normal tissue (P = 0.005). Furthermore, there was a significantly higher proportion of samples in which oncogenic high-risk HPV genotypes were detected in low SLPI-expressing tissues than that in tissues with high SLPI expression (P = 0.040).
  
  
  
  Taken together these results suggest that low SLPI expression is associated with high-risk HPV infections in the development of AIN.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Interdisciplinary Medical Research, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Alcina F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Nicol
authors.affiliation: Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Departments of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.
authors.forename: Laurie L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Brunette
authors.affiliation: Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.
authors.forename: Gerard J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Nuovo
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Interdisciplinary Medical Research, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Beatriz
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Grinsztejn
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Interdisciplinary Medical Research, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ruth K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Friedman
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Interdisciplinary Medical Research, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Valdiléa G
authors.initials: VG
authors.lastname: Veloso
authors.affiliation: LabClin DST/AIDS, Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Cynthia B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Cunha
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Interdisciplinary Medical Research, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: José R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Coutinho
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Interdisciplinary Medical Research, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Cecilia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Vianna-Andrade
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Interdisciplinary Medical Research, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Nathalia S
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Oliveira
authors.affiliation: Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Departments of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.
authors.forename: Andrew W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Woodham
authors.affiliation: Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Departments of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.
authors.forename: Diane M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: DA Silva
authors.affiliation: Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Departments of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.
authors.forename: W Martin
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Kast
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D052685:Alphapapillomavirus / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D001004:Anus Diseases / Q000150:complications* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D001706:Biopsy; D001938:Brazil; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D053481:Secretory Leukocyte Peptidase Inhibitor / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D053481:Secretory Leukocyte Peptidase Inhibitor