title: The role of staging surgery in the treatment of apparent early-stage malignant ovarian germ cell tumours.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Malignant ovarian germ cell tumours (MOGCTs) are usually detected at an early stage, with patients achieving a satisfactory prognosis. However, the role of staging surgery in the treatment of apparent early-stage MOGCTs remains controversial.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the role of staging procedures in apparent early-stage patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed a retrospective review of 102 patients who were diagnosed with MOGCTs and had malignant lesions confined to their ovaries, between January 1997 and October 2014 at the Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China. Statistical analysis was carried out using SPSS software which included survival analysis by Kaplan-Meier method and Fisher's exact test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Three patients relapsed and one died. The five-year overall survival rate and disease-free survival rate were 98.7% and 96.4%, respectively. Eighty-nine patients (87.3%) received adjuvant chemotherapy and only 23 patients (22.5%) were completely staged. In total, 3/49 (6.1%), 1/44 (2.3%) and 0/49 (0.0%) patients were diagnosed with malignant cells in peritoneal fluid, pelvic lymph nodes and omentum, respectively. Positive tumour cells were not correlated with recurrence. Univariate analysis revealed that neither complete staging surgery nor individual factors were useful prognostic factors for disease-free survival.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The staging surgery could be omitted for apparent early-stage patients affected by MOGCTs without adverse impact upon survival.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Ting
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Hao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Hongyuan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Xiao
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Yuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lu
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001011:Aorta; D001202:Ascitic Fluid / Q000473:pathology; D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; D002648:Child; D003949:Diagnostic Techniques, Surgical; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008197:Lymph Node Excision; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging / Q000379:methods*; D009373:Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000556:secondary* / Q000601:surgery*; D009852:Omentum / Q000473:pathology; D010051:Ovarian Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D010388:Pelvis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015996:Survival Rate; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: complete staging; malignant ovarian germ cell tumours; omentectomy; pelvic lymph nodes dissection; survival