title: Post-mortem Findings in Huntington's Deep Brain Stimulation: A Moving Target Due to Atrophy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Deep brain stimulation (DBS) has been shown to be effective for Parkinson's disease, essential tremor, and primary dystonia. However, mixed results have been reported in Huntington's disease (HD).
  
  
  METHODS
  A single case of HD DBS was identified from the University of Florida DBS Brain Tissue Network. The clinical presentation, evolution, surgical planning, DBS parameters, clinical outcomes, and brain pathological changes are summarized.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This case of HD DBS revealed that chorea may improve and be sustained. Minimal histopathological changes were noted around the DBS leads. Severe atrophy due to HD likely changed the DBS lead position relative to the internal capsule.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida Center for Movement Disorders and Neurorestoration, Gainesville, FL, USA.
authors.forename: Vinata
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Vedam-Mai
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University of Florida Center for Movement Disorders and Neurorestoration, Gainesville, FL, USA.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Martinez-Ramirez
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida Center for Movement Disorders and Neurorestoration, Gainesville, FL, USA.
authors.forename: Justin D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Hilliard
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University of Florida Center for Movement Disorders and Neurorestoration, Gainesville, FL, USA.
authors.forename: Samuel
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Carbunaru
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
authors.forename: Anthony T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Yachnis
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University of Florida Center for Movement Disorders and Neurorestoration, Gainesville, FL, USA.
authors.forename: Joshua
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bloom
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University of Florida Center for Movement Disorders and Neurorestoration, Gainesville, FL, USA.
authors.forename: Peyton
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Keeling
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University of Florida Center for Movement Disorders and Neurorestoration, Gainesville, FL, USA.
authors.forename: Lisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Awe
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida Center for Movement Disorders and Neurorestoration, Gainesville, FL, USA.
authors.forename: Kelly D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Foote
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida Center for Movement Disorders and Neurorestoration, Gainesville, FL, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Florida Center for Movement Disorders and Neurorestoration, Gainesville, FL, USA.
authors.forename: Michael S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Okun
keywords: Deep brain stimulation; Huntington’s disease; atrophy; chorea; electrode design; histopathology