title: Regional and Gender Differences in Years with and without Mobility Limitation in the Older Population of Thailand.
abstract: To examine gender and regional differences in health expectancies based on the measure of mobility.
  
  
  
  Health expectancies by gender and region were computed by Sullivan's method from the fourth Thai National Health Examination Survey (2009). A total of 9,210 older persons aged 60 years and older were included. Mobility limitation was defined as self-reporting of ability to perform only with assistances/aids at least one of: walking at least 400 metres; or going up or down a flight of 10 stairs. Severe limitation was defined as complete inability to do at least one of these two functions, even with assistances or aids.
  
  
  
  At age 60, females compared to males, spent significantly fewer years without mobility limitation (male-female = 3.2 years) and more years with any limitation (female-male = 6.7 years) and with severe limitation (female-male = 3.2 years). For both genders, years lived with severe limitation were remarkably constant across age. Significant regional inequalities in years lived without and with limitation were evident, with a consistent pattern by gender in years free of mobility limitation (Central ranked the best and the North East ranked the worst). Finally, both males and females in the South had the longest life expectancy and the most years of life with severe mobility limitation.
  
  
  
  This study identifies inequalities in years without and with mobility limitations with important policy implication.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Physical Therapy, Mahidol University, Salaya, Phutthamonthon, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand.
authors.forename: Benjawan
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Apinonkul
authors.affiliation: Institute for Population and Social Research, Mahidol University, Salaya, Phutthamonthon, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand.
authors.forename: Kusol
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Soonthorndhada
authors.affiliation: Institute for Population and Social Research, Mahidol University, Salaya, Phutthamonthon, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand.
authors.forename: Patama
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Vapattanawong
authors.affiliation: Newcastle University Institute for Ageing and Institute of Health and Society, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Carol
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Jagger
authors.affiliation: Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
authors.forename: Wichai
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Aekplakorn
mesh_terms: D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D006262:Health; D006801:Humans; D008017:Life Expectancy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D051346:Mobility Limitation; D013785:Thailand