title: Steroid androgen 17α-methyltestosterone induces malformations and biochemical alterations in zebrafish embryos.
abstract: The synthetic androgen 17α-methyltestosterone is widely used in fish aquaculture for sex reversion of female individuals. Little is known about the amount of MT residues reaching the aquatic environment and further impacts in non-target organisms, including fish early-life stages. Thus, in this work, zebrafish embryos were exposed to two forms of 17α-methyltestosterone: the pure compound (MT) and a formulation commonly used in Brazil (cMT). For MT, a 96h-LC50 of 10.09mg/l was calculated. MT also affected embryo development inducing tail malformations, edemas, abnormal development of the head, and hatching delay. At biochemical level MT inhibited vitellogenin (VTG) and inhibited cholinesterase and lactate dehydrogenase. cMT elicited similar patterns of toxicity as the pure compound (MT). Effects reported in this study suggest a potential environmental risk of MT, especially since the VTG effects occurred at environmental relevant concentrations (0.004mg/l).
authors.affiliation: Departament of Biology, University Anhanguera-Uniderp, Campus Agrárias, R. Alexandre Herculano, 1400, Taquaral Bosque, CEP 79035-470 Campo Grande, MS, Brazil; Department of Genetics and Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasília, Asa Norte, CEP 70910-900 Brasília, DF, Brazil. Electronic address: leticiagediel@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Carla Letícia Gediel
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Rivero-Wendt
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics and Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasília, Asa Norte, CEP 70910-900 Brasília, DF, Brazil. Electronic address: rhaul.oliveira@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Rhaul
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Oliveira
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal. Electronic address: mmonteiro@ua.pt.
authors.forename: Marta Sofia
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Monteiro
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal. Electronic address: inesd@ua.pt.
authors.forename: Inês
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Domingues
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Produção Vegetal, Universidade Federal do Tocantins, Campus de Gurupi. Rua Badejós, Zona Rural, Cx. Postal 66, CEP 77402-970 Gurupi, TO, Brazil. Electronic address: asoares@ua.pt.
authors.forename: Amadeu Mortágua Velho Maia
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Soares
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics and Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasília, Asa Norte, CEP 70910-900 Brasília, DF, Brazil. Electronic address: grisolia@unb.br.
authors.forename: Cesar Koppe
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Grisolia
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017756:Aquaculture; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D002802:Cholinesterases / Q000378:metabolism; D004625:Embryo, Nonmammalian / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D047108:Embryonic Development / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D029941:Fish Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000378:metabolism; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase / Q000378:metabolism; D008777:Methyltestosterone / Q000633:toxicity*; D014819:Vitellogenins / Q000378:metabolism; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000633:toxicity*; D015027:Zebrafish / Q000196:embryology / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D029941:Fish Proteins; D014819:Vitellogenins; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; D002374:Catalase; D005982:Glutathione Transferase; D002802:Cholinesterases; D008777:Methyltestosterone
keywords: Biomarkers; Endocrine disruptor; Fish embryo test; Oxidative stress; Vitellogenin