title: Hyperaldosteronism: How to Discriminate Among Different Disease Forms?
abstract: Primary aldosteronism (PA), characterized by the inappropriate and abnormal adrenal secretion of aldosterone, is the most common cause of secondary hypertension. PA has been shown to increase cardiovasular and cerebrovascular risks in comparison with essential hypertension. PA is a multi-faceted disease, which comprises unilateral forms, benefitting from surgical treatment, and bilateral forms, which are the best managed medically. PA is more frequently sporadic, but in some cases, it displays a familial transmission pattern. For these reasons, it is important to diagnose PA early on and correctly distinguish and manage its different forms. In this review, we analyze the different forms of PA, with attention on the diagnostic pathway and the genetics of the disease.
authors.affiliation: Division of Internal Medicine and Hypertension, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Via Genova 3, 10126, Turin, Italy.
authors.forename: Valentina
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Crudo
authors.affiliation: Division of Internal Medicine and Hypertension, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Via Genova 3, 10126, Turin, Italy.
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Monticone
authors.affiliation: Division of Internal Medicine and Hypertension, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Via Genova 3, 10126, Turin, Italy.
authors.forename: Jacopo
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Burrello
authors.affiliation: Division of Internal Medicine and Hypertension, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Via Genova 3, 10126, Turin, Italy.
authors.forename: Fabrizio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Buffolo
authors.affiliation: Division of Internal Medicine and Hypertension, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Via Genova 3, 10126, Turin, Italy.
authors.forename: Martina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tetti
authors.affiliation: Division of Internal Medicine and Hypertension, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Via Genova 3, 10126, Turin, Italy.
authors.forename: Franco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Veglio
authors.affiliation: Division of Internal Medicine and Hypertension, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Via Genova 3, 10126, Turin, Italy. paolo.mulatero@unito.it.
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mulatero
mesh_terms: D000236:Adenoma / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism; D000306:Adrenal Cortex Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism; D000312:Adrenal Hyperplasia, Congenital / Q000150:complications; D000450:Aldosterone / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D042241:Early Diagnosis; D006801:Humans; D006929:Hyperaldosteronism / Q000097:blood / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology; D006973:Hypertension / Q000209:etiology; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D012307:Risk Factors; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D000450:Aldosterone
keywords: Adrenal vein sampling; Aldosterone producing adenoma; Primary aldosteronism; Secondary hypertension