title: Determination of Tyrian purple by high performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection.
abstract: Indigotin, indirubin, 6-bromoindigotin, 6'-bromoindirubin, 6-bromoindirubin, 6,6'-dibromoindigotin and 6,6'-dibromoindirubin, the colouring components of Tyrian purple, are quantified by an efficient HPLC method coupled to a diode array detector. The compounds were separated using gradient elution, on a RP-column (Alltima C18, 250mm×3.0mm i.d., 5μm), thermostated at 35°C, with a mobile phase consisting of solvents (Α) H2O+0.1% (v/v) trifluoroacetic acid and (Β) acetonitrile+0.1% (v/v) trifluoroacetic acid, at a flow rate of 0.5mLmin(-1). The method was validated in terms of linearity, detection and quantification limits, precision, accuracy, ruggedness and robustness, the latter with respect to small changes in column temperature and in flow-rate, pH- and solvent composition of the mobile phase. Under optimal conditions, the developed analytical scheme offers limits of detection in the range 0.02-0.05μgmL(-1) and satisfactory linearity up to 2.5μgmL(-1) for all analytes. Four samples produced from the hypobranchial glands of Hexaplex (Murex) trunculus molluscs, collected in the coastlines of Tunisia and Croatia, were treated with hot DMSO and analysed by the established HPLC method, using the standards addition approach. To evaluate the matrix effect, a comparison of the slopes of the standards in solvent regression curves with those of the standard addition method's calibration curves, using the Student's t-test was carried out. The accuracy was evaluated by recovery experiments. Amounts of indigotin, indirubin, and their mono- and dibrominated derivatives ranging between 0.01 to 12.2μgmg(-1) were found in the DMSO extracts of the four molluscan samples.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece.
authors.forename: Athina
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vasileiadou
authors.affiliation: University Ecclesiastical Academy of Thessaloniki, Department of Management and Conservation of Ecclesiastical Cultural Heritage Objects, 54250 Thessaloniki, Greece. Electronic address: y.karapanagiotis@aeath.gr.
authors.forename: Ioannis
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Karapanagiotis
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece. Electronic address: azotou@chem.auth.gr.
authors.forename: Anastasia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zotou
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002138:Calibration; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods; D004396:Coloring Agents; D004121:Dimethyl Sulfoxide; D007211:Indoles / Q000032:analysis*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012908:Snails / Q000737:chemistry; D012997:Solvents
chemical_list: C553805:6,6'-dibromoindigo; D004396:Coloring Agents; D007211:Indoles; D012997:Solvents; D004121:Dimethyl Sulfoxide
keywords: Diode array detection; HPLC; Indigotin; Indirubin; Tyrian purple