title: Maintaining the anonymity of cadavers in medical education: Historic relic or educational and ethical necessity?
abstract: Throughout the modern history of anatomical dissection by medical and other health science students, cadavers have been anonymized. This has meant that students have been provided with limited, if any, information on the identities or medical histories of those they are dissecting. While there was little way around this when the bodies were unclaimed, this need not be the case when the bodies have been donated. However, with a few exceptions, no efforts have been made to change this model. Recent attempts to move anatomy teaching in a more humanistic direction, by emphasizing the cadaver as the students' first patient and with the growth of commemoration services following the dissecting process, raise the question of whether cadavers should continue to be anonymized. In laying a basis for discussion of this matter, we outline what appear to be the virtues of anonymity, and the form that alternatives to anonymity might take. The options identified are nonidentification, low information; nonidentification, moderate information; and identification, full information. The virtues and drawbacks of each of these possibilities are assessed by analyzing their value for students, and also for donors and their families. Policy issues raised by alternatives are also considered. This article provides a basis for continued discussion and suggestions for further research in this area. Anat Sci Educ 10: 87-97. © 2016 American Association of Anatomists.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, Otago School of Medical Sciences, Division of Health Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
authors.forename: D Gareth
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.affiliation: Bioethics Centre, Division of Health Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Mike R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: King
mesh_terms: D054814:Anatomists; D000715:Anatomy / Q000193:education*; D002102:Cadaver; D004210:Dissection / Q000941:ethics / Q000592:standards / Q000639:trends; D004501:Education, Medical / Q000941:ethics / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards; D017408:Guidelines as Topic; D006801:Humans; D009520:New Zealand; D012577:Schools, Medical; D013337:Students, Medical / Q000523:psychology*; D014019:Tissue Donors / Q000523:psychology*
keywords: anonymity; bequest program; body donation program; cadavers; cadavers as first patients/teachers; educational imperatives; gross anatomy education; identification; informed consent