title: Potential Long-Term Consequences of Concussive and Subconcussive Injury.
abstract: Repeated concussive and subconcussive trauma is associated with the later development of chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE), a neurodegenerative disease associated with clinical symptoms in multiple domains and a unique pattern of pathologic changes. CTE has been linked to boxing and American football; CTE has also been identified in soccer, ice hockey, baseball, rugby, and military service. To date, most large studies of CTE have come from enriched cohorts associated with brain bank donations for traumatic brain injury, although several recent studies re-examining neurodegenerative disease brain banks suggest that CTE is more common than is currently appreciated.
authors.affiliation: VA Boston HealthCare System, 150 South Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02130, USA; Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 East Concord Street, B-7800, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
authors.forename: Bertrand R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Huber
authors.affiliation: Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy Program, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 East Concord Street, B-7800, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
authors.forename: Michael L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Alosco
authors.affiliation: VA Boston HealthCare System, 150 South Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02130, USA; Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy Program, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 East Concord Street, B-7800, Boston, MA 02118, USA; Department of Pathology, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 East Concord Street, B-7800, Boston, MA 02118, USA; Bedford Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 200 Springs Road, Building 18, Room 118, Bedford, MA 01730, USA.
authors.forename: Thor D
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Stein
authors.affiliation: VA Boston HealthCare System, 150 South Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02130, USA; Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 East Concord Street, B-7800, Boston, MA 02118, USA; Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy Program, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 East Concord Street, B-7800, Boston, MA 02118, USA; Department of Pathology, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 East Concord Street, B-7800, Boston, MA 02118, USA. Electronic address: amckee@bu.edu.
authors.forename: Ann C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: McKee
mesh_terms: D001921:Brain; D001924:Brain Concussion / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001930:Brain Injuries; D000070642:Brain Injuries, Traumatic / Q000503:physiopathology*; D020208:Brain Injury, Chronic / Q000503:physiopathology*; D000070627:Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans
keywords: Chronic traumatic encephalopathy; Concussion; Neuropathology; Subconcussion; Tau; Trauma; Traumatic brain injury