title: Cerebrospinal fluid levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha and aquaporin 1 in patients with mild cognitive impairment and idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the present work was to make a comparative analysis of the cerebrospinal fluid levels of Tumor necrosis factor (TNFα) and aquaporin 1 (AQP1) in (i) healthy elder control, (ii) patients with mild cognitive impairment and, (iii) patients with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus.
  
  
  METHODS
  Samples of CSF were taken from seven patients with MCI, 77 years average age; six patients with iNPH, 75 years average age; eleven healthy subjects, 60year average age, were used as controls. The cerebrospinal fluid levels of AQP1 and TNFα were studied by enzyme immunoassay (ELISA).
  
  
  RESULTS
  In mild cognitive impairment the total protein content of the CSF and the relative CSF levels of AQP1 and TNFα were similar to those of control subjects and different from those of iNPH patients. On the other hand, in iNPH patients the CSF content of proteins was low and the levels of TNFα were significantly high while those of AQP1 were insignificantly high.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These finding may help the differential diagnosis and prognosis of mild cognitive impairment and normal pressure hydrocephalus patients.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Anatomía, Anatomía Patológica, Histología y Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain; Departamento de Farmacología. Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain.
authors.forename: Leandro
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Castañeyra-Ruiz
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Anatomía, Anatomía Patológica, Histología y Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain.
authors.forename: Ibrahim
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: González-Marrero
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Anatomía, Anatomía Patológica, Histología y Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain; Instituto de Investigación y Ciencias de Puerto del Rosario, Puerto del Rosario, Fuerteventura, Spain.
authors.forename: Emilia M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Carmona-Calero
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Anatomía, Anatomía Patológica, Histología y Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain.
authors.forename: Pedro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Abreu-Gonzalez
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lecuona
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Neurocirugía, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain.
authors.forename: Liberto
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Brage
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Anatomía, Histología y Patología, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.
authors.forename: Esteban M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Rodríguez
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Anatomía, Anatomía Patológica, Histología y Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain; Instituto de Investigación y Ciencias de Puerto del Rosario, Puerto del Rosario, Fuerteventura, Spain. Electronic address: acastane@ull.es.
authors.forename: Agustin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Castañeyra-Perdomo
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D051398:Aquaporin 1 / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid*; D060825:Cognitive Dysfunction / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006850:Hydrocephalus, Normal Pressure / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid*
chemical_list: C496020:AQP1 protein, human; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D051398:Aquaporin 1
keywords: Aquaporin 1; Cerebrospinal fluid; Mild cognitive impairment; Normal-pressure hydrocephalus; Tumor necrosis factor alpha