title: Anti-apoptotic and Pro-survival Effects of Food Restriction on High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Hearts.
abstract: Food restriction and weight loss are known to prevent obesity-related heart diseases. This study investigates whether food restriction elicits anti-apoptotic and pro-survival effects on high-fat diet-induced obese hearts. Histopathological analysis, TUNEL assay, and Western blotting were performed on the excised hearts from three groups of Sprague-Dawley rats which were fed with regular chow diet (CON, 13.5 % fat), a high-fat ad libitum diet (HFa, 45 % fat), or a high-fat food-restricted diet (HFr, 45 % fat, maintaining the same weight as CON) for 12 weeks. Body weight, blood pressure, heart weight, triglycerides, insulin, HOMAIR, interstitial spaces, cardiac fibrosis, and cardiac TUNEL-positive apoptotic cells were increased in HFa relative to CON, whereas these parameters were decreased in HFr relative to HFa. The protein levels of cardiac Fas ligand, Fas receptors, Fas-associated death domain (FADD), activated caspase-8, and activated caspase-3 (Fas receptor-dependent apoptotic pathways), as well as t-Bid/Bid, Bax/Bcl-2, Bad/p-Bad, Cytochrome c, activated caspase-9, and activated caspase-3 (mitochondria-dependent apoptotic pathways) in HFr were lower than those in HFa. Moreover, the Bcl-xL and IGF-1-related components of IGF-1, p-PI3 K/PI3 K, p-Akt/Akt in HFr were higher than those in HFa. Our findings suggest that a restricted high-fat diet for maintaining weight control could diminish cardiac Fas receptor-dependent and mitochondria-dependent apoptotic pathways as well as might enhance IGF-1-related pro-survival pathways. In sum, food restriction for maintaining normal weight could elicit anti-apoptotic and pro-survival effects on high-fat diet-induced obese hearts.
authors.affiliation: Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yi-Yuan
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Biophysics, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.|Department of Medical Research, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Po-Shiuan
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Hsieh
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Therapy, Graduate Institute of Rehabilitation Science, China Medical University, 91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, 40202, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yu-Jung
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Shiu-Min
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Therapy, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan.|Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chiao-Nan Joyce
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Graduate Institute of Chinese Medicine Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.|Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.|Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chih-Yang
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Therapy, Graduate Institute of Rehabilitation Science, China Medical University, 91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, 40202, Taiwan.|Department of Sports Sciences, University of Taipei, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chia-Hua
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Kuo
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.|Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chung-Lan
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Kao
authors.affiliation: Translational Medicine Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.|Graduate Institute of Immunology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.|Department of Neurology, Center for Neuropsychiatry, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Woei-Cherng
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Shyu
authors.affiliation: Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan. shinda@mail.cmu.edu.tw.|Department of Physical Therapy, Graduate Institute of Rehabilitation Science, China Medical University, 91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, 40202, Taiwan. shinda@mail.cmu.edu.tw.|Department of Occupational Therapy, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan. shinda@mail.cmu.edu.tw.|School of Rehabilitation Science, Shanghai University of TCM, Shanghai, China. shinda@mail.cmu.edu.tw.
authors.forename: Shin-Da
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D031204:Caloric Restriction; D002470:Cell Survival; D059305:Diet, High-Fat; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005355:Fibrosis; D006331:Heart Diseases / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008929:Mitochondria, Heart / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D015398:Signal Transduction; D019014:fas Receptor / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; C491898:Fas protein, rat; D019014:fas Receptor; C548904:insulin-like growth factor-1, rat; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I
keywords: Cell death; Food restriction; Heart; High-fat diet; caspase