title: Methodologies in creating skin substitutes.
abstract: The creation of skin substitutes has significantly decreased morbidity and mortality of skin wounds. Although there are still a number of disadvantages of currently available skin substitutes, there has been a significant decline in research advances over the past several years in improving these skin substitutes. Clinically most skin substitutes used are acellular and do not use growth factors to assist wound healing, key areas of potential in this field of research. This article discusses the five necessary attributes of an ideal skin substitute. It comprehensively discusses the three major basic components of currently available skin substitutes: scaffold materials, growth factors, and cells, comparing and contrasting what has been used so far. It then examines a variety of techniques in how to incorporate these basic components together to act as a guide for further research in the field to create cellular skin substitutes with better clinical results.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.|Ross Tilley Burn Centre, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Room: M7-140, 2075 Bayview Ave., Toronto, ON, M4N 3M5, Canada.
authors.forename: Mathew N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Nicholas
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.|Ross Tilley Burn Centre, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Room: M7-140, 2075 Bayview Ave., Toronto, ON, M4N 3M5, Canada.
authors.forename: Marc G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Jeschke
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. saeid.amininik@utoronto.ca.|Ross Tilley Burn Centre, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Room: M7-140, 2075 Bayview Ave., Toronto, ON, M4N 3M5, Canada. saeid.amininik@utoronto.ca.
authors.forename: Saeid
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Amini-Nik
mesh_terms: D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D012867:Skin / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000293:injuries / Q000378:metabolism; D017768:Skin, Artificial / Q000191:economics; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins
keywords: Biomaterials; Burns; Cells; Growth factors; Methods; Skin substitutes; Tissue scaffolds; Wound healing