title: Behavioral changes in female Asian elephants when given access to an outdoor yard overnight.
abstract: A study was conducted at the Bronx Zoo to determine whether providing elephants with access to an outdoor corral at night had any significant effects on behavior, use of space, and use of a sand corral. Activity budgets for three female Asian elephants were compared when the subjects were housed indoors overnight and when they were given access to an outdoor yard overnight. Observations were recorded via infrared video cameras between the hours of 1900 and 0700 during the months of July-September. Two of the three elephants showed a significant preference for spending time outdoors, whereas, the third elephant spent most of her time indoors. Standing and play behavior increased when the elephants had outdoor access while lying down and feeding behavior decreased. Swaying behavior decreased significantly when the elephants had access to the outdoor yard. The elephants made very little use of a sand-floor stall regardless of whether or not they had access to outdoors. The results of this study, suggest that having access to alternate areas overnight can promote well-being by reducing repetitive behavior and allowing animals to express their preferences for different locations. The relative importance of choice alone vs. the behavioral opportunities provided by choice options for zoo animals is discussed. Zoo Biol. 35:298-303, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
authors.affiliation: Department of Mammalogy, Wildlife Conservation Society, Bronx Zoo, Bronx, New York.
authors.forename: David M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Powell
authors.affiliation: Department of Mammalogy, Wildlife Conservation Society, Bronx Zoo, Bronx, New York.
authors.forename: Cathy
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Vitale
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000836:Animals, Zoo; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000502:physiology*; D002755:Choice Behavior; D004606:Elephants / Q000502:physiology* / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006799:Housing, Animal / Q000592:standards*
keywords: choice; elephant; nocturnal behavior; welfare