title: The Availability of Radiological Measurement of Femoral Anteversion Angle: Three-Dimensional Computed Tomography Reconstruction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the intra-rater and inter-rater reliability for measuring femoral anteversion angle (FAA) by a radiographic method using three-dimensional computed tomography reconstruction (3D-CT).
  
  
  METHODS
  The study included 82 children who presented with intoeing gait. 3D-CT data taken between 2006 and 2014 were retrospectively reviewed. FAA was measured by 3D-CT. FAA is defined as the angle between the long axis of the femur neck and condylar axis of the distal femur. FAA measurement was performed twice at both lower extremities by each rater. The intra-rater and inter-rater reliability were calculated by intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC).
  
  
  RESULTS
  One hundred and sixty-four lower limbs of 82 children (31 boys and 51 girls, 6.3±3.2 years old) were included. The ICCs of intra-rater measurement for the angle of femoral neck axis (NA) were 0.89 for rater A and 0.96 for rater B, and those of condylar axis (CA) were 0.99 for rater A and 0.99 for rater B, respectively. The ICC of inter-rater measurement for the angle of NA was 0.89 and that of CA was 0.92. By each rater, the ICCs of the intrarater measurement for FAA were 0.97 for rater A and 0.95 for rater B, respectively and the ICC of the inter-rater measurement for FAA was 0.89.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The 3D-CT measures for FAA are reliable within individual raters and between different raters. The 3D-CT measures of FAA can be a useful method for accurate diagnosis and follow-up of femoral anteversion.
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, Korea.
authors.forename: Ha Young
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Byun
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, Korea.
authors.forename: Heesuk
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, Korea.
authors.forename: Eun Shin
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, Korea.
authors.forename: Min Sik
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Kong
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, Korea.
authors.forename: Seung Hun
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, Korea.
authors.forename: Chang Hee
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Lee
keywords: Bone anteversion; Gait; Three-dimensional imaging