title: Biomarkers and Targeted Therapy in Pancreatic Cancer.
abstract: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) constitutes 90% of pancreatic cancers. PDAC is a complex and devastating disease with only 1%-3% survival rate in five years after the second stage. Treatment of PDAC is complicated due to the tumor microenvironment, changing cell behaviors to the mesenchymal type, altered drug delivery, and drug resistance. Considering that pancreatic cancer shows early invasion and metastasis, critical research is needed to explore different aspects of the disease, such as elaboration of biomarkers, specific signaling pathways, and gene aberration. In this review, we highlight the biomarkers, the fundamental signaling pathways, and their importance in targeted drug delivery for pancreatic cancers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Professions, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA.
authors.forename: Fataneh
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Karandish
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Professions, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA.
authors.forename: Sanku
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mallik
keywords: EGFR; EMT; KRAS; MMPs; MYC; NF-κB; PAF; PIM; RAGE; mTOR; miRNA; pancreatic cancer; pancreatic cancer stem cells