title: Impact of capillary invasion on the prognosis of gastric adenocarcinoma patients: A retrospective cohort study.
abstract: Capillary invasion (CI) has been found to play an important role in metastasis and recurrence of gastric adenocarcinoma (GAC). However, the prognostic significance of CI is still controversial. From January 2005 to December 2011, 1398 patients with GAC who underwent gastrectomy were retrospectively enrolled and divided into CI (+) and CI (-) groups. Clinicopathological features and survival outcomes were compared between these groups. In our study, 227 (16.2%) patients were CI (+). Patients with CI (+) had significantly more advanced tumors and worse prognosis than those with CI (-) (p < 0.001). CI was demonstrated as an independent prognostic factor (p = 0.023) in patients with GAC. When stratified by TNM stage, the prognosis of CI (+) group in stage III was remarkably worse than CI (-) group (p = 0.006), while the differences were not significant in stage I-II and stage IV (both p > 0.05). The nomograms indicated that CI was part of the individual prognostic prediction system. The predictive accuracy of CI and other characteristics was better than TNM alone (p < 0.001). Our finding suggested that CI was an independent prognostic factor in patients with GAC, and the nomogram based on CI and other clinicopathological factors was a valuable and accurate tool in individual prognostic prediction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, China.|Laboratory of Gastric Cancer, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, China.
authors.forename: Lian
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Xue
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, China.|Laboratory of Gastric Cancer, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, China.
authors.forename: Xiao-Long
authors.initials: XL
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, China.
authors.forename: Pan-Pan
authors.initials: PP
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, China.
authors.forename: Yuan-Wei
authors.initials: YW
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, China.|Laboratory of Gastric Cancer, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, China.
authors.forename: Wei-Han
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, China.|Laboratory of Gastric Cancer, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, China.
authors.forename: Kai
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, China.|Laboratory of Gastric Cancer, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, China.
authors.forename: Xin-Zu
authors.initials: XZ
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, China.|Laboratory of Gastric Cancer, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, China.
authors.forename: Kun
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, China.
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, China.
authors.forename: Zhi-Xin
authors.initials: ZX
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, China.
authors.forename: Jia-Ping
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, China.|Laboratory of Digestive Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy and Cancer Center West China Hospital, Sichuan University, China.
authors.forename: Zong-Guang
authors.initials: ZG
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, China.|Laboratory of Gastric Cancer, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, China.
authors.forename: Jian-Kun
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Hu
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000473:pathology*; D002196:Capillaries / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D049451:Nomograms; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*
keywords: capillary invasion; gastric adenocarcinoma; nomogram; prognosis