title: Childhood Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders: Neonate/Toddler.
abstract: In 2006, a consensus concerning functional gastrointestinal intestinal disorders (FGIDs) in infants and toddlers was described. At that time little evidence regarding epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnostic work-up, treatment strategies and follow-up was available. Consequently the criteria for the clinical entities were more experience than evidence based. In the past decade, new insights have been gained in the different FGIDs in these age groups. Based on those, further revisions have been made to the criteria. The description of infant colic has been expanded to include criteria for the general pediatrician and specific criteria for researchers. The greatest change was the addition of a paragraph regarding the neurobiology of pain in infants and toddlers, including the understanding of the neurodevelopment of nociception and of the wide array of factors that may impact the pain experience.
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Gastroenterology, Emma Children's Hospital / Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands‎. Electronic address: m.a.benninga@amc.uva.nl.
authors.forename: Marc A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Benninga
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Gastroenterology, Sainte-Justine Hospital, Montreal, Qc, Canada.
authors.forename: Christophe
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Faure
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Gastroenterology, Children's Hospital, New Orleans, USA.
authors.forename: Paul E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Hyman
authors.affiliation: Thomas Coram Research Unit, UCL Institute of Education, University College London, UK.
authors.forename: Ian
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: St James Roberts
authors.affiliation: Pediatric pain center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston Ma, USA.
authors.forename: Neil L
authors.initials: NL
authors.lastname: Schechter
authors.affiliation: Center for Motility and Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston Ma, USA.
authors.forename: Samuel
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nurko
keywords: Neonate; colic; constipation; diarrhea; regurgitation; toddler; vomiting