title: Interstitial lung disease in infancy: A general approach.
abstract: Childhood Interstitial lung disease (chILD) is an umbrella term used to define a broad range of rare, diffuse pulmonary disorders with altered interstitial structure that leads to abnormal gas exchange. Presentation of chILD in infancy can be difficult to differentiate from other common causes of diffuse lung disease. This article aimed at paediatricians provides an overview of interstitial lung disease presenting in infancy and includes key clinical features, a suggested approach to investigation and a summary of management. An overview of three clinical cases has been included to demonstrate the diagnostic approach, characteristic investigation findings and varied clinical outcomes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatrics, Gold Coast University Hospital, Queensland, Australia.|Griffith University, School of Medicine, Queensland, Australia.
authors.forename: Erica J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Hines
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Imaging, Lady Cilento Children's Hospital, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Walsh
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomical Pathology, Mater Health Services, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.|Mater Research Institute, University of Queensland (MRI-UQ), South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
authors.forename: Jane E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Armes
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatric Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Lady Cilento Children's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.|Telethon Institute of Child Health Research (TICHR), Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
authors.forename: Tonia
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Douglas
authors.affiliation: Mater Research Institute, University of Queensland (MRI-UQ), South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.|Department of Paediatric Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Lady Cilento Children's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
authors.forename: Jasneek
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5035-0744
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chawla
mesh_terms: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D001707:Biopsy, Needle; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D019468:Disease Management; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007223:Infant; D017563:Lung Diseases, Interstitial / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D011379:Prognosis; D013902:Radiography, Thoracic / Q000379:methods; D035583:Rare Diseases; D012138:Respiratory Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D015996:Survival Rate; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones
keywords: childhood interstitial lung disease; general paediatrics; infancy; respiratory