title: Asymmetrical ossification in the epiphyseal ring of patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: a retrospective review.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To clarify the asymmetrical ossification of the epiphyseal ring between the convex and concave sides in patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS).
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 29 female patients (mean age, 14.4 years; 11 to 18) who underwent corrective surgery for AIS (Lenke type 1 or 2) were included in our study. In all, 349 vertebrae including 68 apical vertebrae and 87 end vertebrae in the main thoracic (MT) curve and thoracolumbar/lumbar (TL/L) curve were analysed. Coronal sections (anterior, middle and posterior) of the vertebral bodies were reconstructed from pre-operative CT scans (320-row detector; slice thickness, 0.5 mm) and the appearances of the ossification centre in the epiphyseal ring at four corners were evaluated in three groups; all vertebrae excluding end vertebrae, apical vertebrae and end vertebrae. The appearance rates of the ossification centre at the concave and convex sides were calculated and compared.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The appearance rates of the ossification centres in all vertebrae excluding end vertebrae and apical vertebrae were significantly lower on the concave side than on the convex side in both MT and TL/L curves irrespective of curve flexibility. There was no significant difference in the rate of appearance of the ossification centres on the concave or convex sides in end vertebrae.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The asymmetric bony growth of vertebral body came into existence at both structural and non-structural curves, and was more apparent around the apical vertebrae. Evaluation of the ossification centre in the epiphyseal ring could be a measure of the effectiveness of brace treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The ossification of the epiphyseal ring in patients with AIS was delayed or absent on the concave side particularly around the apical vertebrae. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2016;98-B:666-71.
authors.affiliation: Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, 565-0871, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Makino
authors.affiliation: Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, 565-0871, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kaito
authors.affiliation: Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, 565-0871, Japan.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sakai
authors.affiliation: Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, 565-0871, Japan.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kashii
authors.affiliation: Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, 565-0871, Japan.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yoshikawa
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D004838:Epiphyses / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008159:Lumbar Vertebrae / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D061330:Multidetector Computed Tomography; D010012:Osteogenesis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012600:Scoliosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery; D013904:Thoracic Vertebrae / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery
keywords: Epiphyseal ring; Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis; Ossification; Asymmetry