title: A Model-Based Economic Evaluation of Biologic and Non-Biologic Options for the Treatment of Adults with Moderately-to-Severely Active Ulcerative Colitis after the Failure of Conventional Therapy.
abstract: Ulcerative colitis (UC) is the most common form of inflammatory bowel disease in the UK. Medical management aims to induce and maintain remission and to avoid complications and the necessity for surgical intervention. Colectomy removes the source of inflammation but is associated with morbidity and mortality. Newer anti-tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α therapies may improve medical outcomes, albeit at an increased cost.
  
  
  
  Our objective was to assess the incremental cost effectiveness of infliximab, adalimumab and golimumab versus conventional therapy and surgery from a National Health Service (NHS) and Personal Social Services (PSS) perspective over a lifetime horizon.
  
  
  
  A Markov model was developed with health states defined according to whether the patient is alive or dead, current treatments received, history of colectomy and level of disease control. Transition probabilities were derived from network meta-analyses (NMAs) of trials of anti-TNF-α agents in the moderate-to-severe UC population. Health utilities, colectomy rates, surgical complications and resource use estimates were derived from literature. Unit costs were drawn from standard costing sources and literature and were valued at year 2013/2014 values.
  
  
  
  For patients in whom surgery is an option, colectomy is expected to dominate all medical treatment options. For patients in whom colectomy is not an option, infliximab and golimumab are expected to be ruled out due to dominance, whilst the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) for adalimumab versus conventional treatment is expected to be approximately £50,278 per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) gained.
  
  
  
  Based on the NMAs, the ICERs for anti-TNF-α therapy versus conventional treatment or surgery are expected to be at best, in excess of £50,000 per QALY gained. The cost effectiveness of withdrawing biologic therapy upon remission and re-treating relapse is unknown.
authors.affiliation: Health Economics and Decision Science, ScHARR, University of Sheffield, Regent Court, 30 Regent Street, Sheffield, S1 4DA, Sheffield, England, UK. p.tappenden@sheffield.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Tappenden
authors.affiliation: Health Economics and Decision Science, ScHARR, University of Sheffield, Regent Court, 30 Regent Street, Sheffield, S1 4DA, Sheffield, England, UK.
authors.forename: Shijie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ren
authors.affiliation: Health Economics and Decision Science, ScHARR, University of Sheffield, Regent Court, 30 Regent Street, Sheffield, S1 4DA, Sheffield, England, UK.
authors.forename: Rachel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Archer
authors.affiliation: Health Economics and Decision Science, ScHARR, University of Sheffield, Regent Court, 30 Regent Street, Sheffield, S1 4DA, Sheffield, England, UK.
authors.forename: Rebecca
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Harvey
authors.affiliation: Health Economics and Decision Science, ScHARR, University of Sheffield, Regent Court, 30 Regent Street, Sheffield, S1 4DA, Sheffield, England, UK.
authors.forename: Marrissa Martyn-St
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: James
authors.affiliation: Health Economics and Decision Science, ScHARR, University of Sheffield, Regent Court, 30 Regent Street, Sheffield, S1 4DA, Sheffield, England, UK.
authors.forename: Hasan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Basarir
authors.affiliation: Health Economics and Decision Science, ScHARR, University of Sheffield, Regent Court, 30 Regent Street, Sheffield, S1 4DA, Sheffield, England, UK.
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Stevens
authors.affiliation: Gastroenterology, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
authors.forename: Alan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lobo
authors.affiliation: Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK.
authors.forename: Sami
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hoque
mesh_terms: D000068879:Adalimumab / Q000191:economics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000328:Adult; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000191:economics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003082:Colectomy / Q000379:methods; D003093:Colitis, Ulcerative / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000191:economics / Q000503:physiopathology; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007155:Immunologic Factors / Q000191:economics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000069285:Infliximab / Q000191:economics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D008390:Markov Chains; D018803:Models, Economic; D019057:Quality-Adjusted Life Years; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D006113:United Kingdom
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D007155:Immunologic Factors; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; C529000:golimumab; D000069285:Infliximab; D000068879:Adalimumab