title: A checkpoint control orchestrates the replication of the two chromosomes of Vibrio cholerae.
abstract: Bacteria with multiple chromosomes represent up to 10% of all bacterial species. Unlike eukaryotes, these bacteria use chromosome-specific initiators for their replication. In all cases investigated, the machineries for secondary chromosome replication initiation are of plasmid origin. One of the important differences between plasmids and chromosomes is that the latter replicate during a defined period of the cell cycle, ensuring a single round of replication per cell. Vibrio cholerae carries two circular chromosomes, Chr1 and Chr2, which are replicated in a well-orchestrated manner with the cell cycle and coordinated in such a way that replication termination occurs at the same time. However, the mechanism coordinating this synchrony remains speculative. We investigated this mechanism and revealed that initiation of Chr2 replication is triggered by the replication of a 150-bp locus positioned on Chr1, called crtS. This crtS replication-mediated Chr2 replication initiation mechanism explains how the two chromosomes communicate to coordinate their replication. Our study reveals a new checkpoint control mechanism in bacteria, and highlights possible functional interactions mediated by contacts between two chromosomes, an unprecedented observation in bacteria.
authors.affiliation: Bacterial Genome Plasticity, Department of Genomes and Genetics, Institut Pasteur, Paris 75015, France.; CNRS UMR 3525, Paris 75015, France.
authors.forename: Marie-Eve
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Val
authors.affiliation: CNRS UMR 3525, Paris 75015, France.; Spatial Regulation of Genomes, Department of Genomes and Genetics, Institut Pasteur, Paris 75015, France.
authors.forename: Martial
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Marbouty
authors.affiliation: Bacterial Genome Plasticity, Department of Genomes and Genetics, Institut Pasteur, Paris 75015, France.; CNRS UMR 3525, Paris 75015, France.
authors.forename: Francisco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: de Lemos Martins
authors.affiliation: Biomics Pole, CITECH, Institut Pasteur, Paris 75015, France.
authors.forename: Sean P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Kennedy
authors.affiliation: Bacterial Genome Plasticity, Department of Genomes and Genetics, Institut Pasteur, Paris 75015, France.; CNRS UMR 3525, Paris 75015, France.
authors.forename: Harry
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-1480-5873
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kemble
authors.affiliation: Bacterial Genome Plasticity, Department of Genomes and Genetics, Institut Pasteur, Paris 75015, France.; CNRS UMR 3525, Paris 75015, France.
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Bland
authors.affiliation: Department of Genome Biology, Institute of Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Paris-Sud University, CEA, CNRS, Gif-sur-Yvette 91190, France.
authors.forename: Christophe
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Possoz
authors.affiliation: CNRS UMR 3525, Paris 75015, France.; Spatial Regulation of Genomes, Department of Genomes and Genetics, Institut Pasteur, Paris 75015, France.
authors.forename: Romain
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Koszul
authors.affiliation: Department of Science, Systems and Models, Roskilde University, Roskilde DK-4000, Denmark.
authors.forename: Ole
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-4860-1847
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Skovgaard
authors.affiliation: Bacterial Genome Plasticity, Department of Genomes and Genetics, Institut Pasteur, Paris 75015, France.; CNRS UMR 3525, Paris 75015, France.
authors.forename: Didier
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mazel
mesh_terms: D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D059447:Cell Cycle Checkpoints / Q000235:genetics; D020090:Chromosome Segregation; D002876:Chromosomes, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics*; D004261:DNA Replication / Q000235:genetics*; D015964:Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; D016680:Genome, Bacterial; D010957:Plasmids / Q000235:genetics; D018741:Replication Origin / Q000235:genetics; D014734:Vibrio cholerae / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins
keywords: Vibrio; cell cycle; cholera; chromosome; multipartite genome; pathogens; plasmids; replication; replication initiation; secondary chromosome