title: Remote monitoring of cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIED).
abstract: With increasing indications and access to cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs) worldwide, the number of patients needing CIED follow-up continues to rise. In parallel, the technology available for managing these devices has advanced considerably. In this setting, remote monitoring (RM) has emerged as a complement to routine in-office care. Rigorous studies, randomized and otherwise, have demonstrated advantages to patient with CIED management systems, which incorporates RM resulting in authoritative guidelines from relevant professional societies recommending RM for all eligible patients. In addition to clinical benefits, CIED management programs that include RM have been shown to be cost effective and associated with high patient satisfaction. Finally, RM programs hold promise for the future of CIED research in light of the massive data collected through RM databases converging with unprecedented computational capability. This review outlines the available data associated with clinical outcomes in patients managed with RM with an emphasis on randomized trials; the impact of RM on patient satisfaction, cost-effectiveness, and healthcare utilization; and possible future directions for the use of RM in clinical practice and research.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC. Electronic address: emily.zeitler@duke.edu.
authors.forename: Emily P
authors.initials: EP
authors.lastname: Zeitler
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC.
authors.forename: Jonathan P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Piccini
mesh_terms: D002304:Cardiac Pacing, Artificial / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000401:mortality / Q000592:standards; D058406:Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy; D058409:Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy Devices; D017147:Defibrillators, Implantable; D004554:Electric Countershock / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000401:mortality / Q000592:standards; D006331:Heart Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D010138:Pacemaker, Artificial; D010358:Patient Participation; D010819:Physician's Role; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011474:Prosthesis Design; D011475:Prosthesis Failure; D058998:Remote Sensing Technology / Q000379:methods*; D012307:Risk Factors; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted; D013686:Telemetry / Q000379:methods*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: Cardiac implantable electronic device; Cardiac resynchronization therapy; Implantable cardioverter defibrillator; Pacemaker; Remote monitoring