title: Glucagon-related peptides and the regulation of food intake in chickens.
abstract: The regulatory mechanisms underlying food intake in chickens have been a focus of research in recent decades to improve production efficiency when raising chickens. Lines of evidence have revealed that a number of brain-gut peptides function as a neurotransmitter or peripheral satiety hormone in the regulation of food intake both in mammals and chickens. Glucagon, a 29 amino acid peptide hormone, has long been known to play important roles in maintaining glucose homeostasis in mammals and birds. However, the glucagon gene encodes various peptides that are produced by tissue-specific proglucagon processing: glucagon is produced in the pancreas, whereas oxyntomodulin (OXM), glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1 and GLP-2 are produced in the intestine and brain. Better understanding of the roles of these peptides in the regulation of energy homeostasis has led to various physiological roles being proposed in mammals. For example, GLP-1 functions as an anorexigenic neurotransmitter in the brain and as a postprandial satiety hormone in the peripheral circulation. There is evidence that OXM and GLP-2 also induce anorexia in mammals. Therefore, it is possible that the brain-gut peptides OXM, GLP-1 and GLP-2 play physiological roles in the regulation of food intake in chickens. More recently, a novel GLP and its specific receptor were identified in the chicken brain. This review summarizes current knowledge about the role of glucagon-related peptides in the regulation of food intake in chickens.
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazuhisa
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Honda
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism; D002645:Chickens / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology*; D004435:Eating / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology*; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D005934:Glucagon / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology*; D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D053767:Glucagon-Like Peptide 2 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D006706:Homeostasis / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism; D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents; D009928:Organ Specificity; D053772:Oxyntomodulin / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D010179:Pancreas / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D053767:Glucagon-Like Peptide 2; D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents; D053772:Oxyntomodulin; D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1; D005934:Glucagon; D005947:Glucose
keywords: appetite; brain; chicken; glucagon; hypothalamus