title: PAH detection in Quercus robur leaves and Pinus pinaster needles: A fast method for biomonitoring purpose.
abstract: Due to the complexity and heterogeneity of plant matrices, new procedure should be standardized for each single biomonitor. Thus, here is described a matrix solid-phase dispersion extraction method, previously used for moss samples, improved and modified for the analyses of PAHs in Quercus robur leaves and Pinus pinaster needles, species widely used in biomonitoring studies across Europe. The improvements compared to the previous procedure are the use of Florisil added with further clean-up sorbents, 10% deactivated silica for pine needles and PSA for oak leaves, being these matrices rich in interfering compounds, as shown by the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analyses acquired in full scan mode. Good trueness, with values in the range 90-120% for the most of compounds, high precision (intermediate precision between 2% and 12%) and good sensitivity using only 250mg of samples (limits of quantification lower than 3 and 1.5ngg(-1), respectively for pine and oak) were achieved by the selected procedures. These methods proved to be reliable for PAH analyses and, having advantage of fastness, can be used in biomonitoring studies of PAH air contamination.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento Scienze e Tecnologie, Università degli Studi del Sannio, 82100 Benevento, Italy.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: De Nicola
authors.affiliation: Grupo Química Analítica Aplicada (QANAP), Instituto Universitario de Medio Ambiente (IUMA), Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Departamento Química Analítica, Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, 15071 A Coruña, Spain.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Concha Graña
authors.affiliation: Área de Ecología, Departamento Biología Celular y Ecología, Facultad de Biología, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Aboal
authors.affiliation: Área de Ecología, Departamento Biología Celular y Ecología, Facultad de Biología, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Carballeira
authors.affiliation: Área de Ecología, Departamento Biología Celular y Ecología, Facultad de Biología, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
authors.forename: J Á
authors.initials: JÁ
authors.lastname: Fernández
authors.affiliation: Grupo Química Analítica Aplicada (QANAP), Instituto Universitario de Medio Ambiente (IUMA), Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Departamento Química Analítica, Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, 15071 A Coruña, Spain.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: López Mahía
authors.affiliation: Grupo Química Analítica Aplicada (QANAP), Instituto Universitario de Medio Ambiente (IUMA), Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Departamento Química Analítica, Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, 15071 A Coruña, Spain.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Prada Rodríguez
authors.affiliation: Grupo Química Analítica Aplicada (QANAP), Instituto Universitario de Medio Ambiente (IUMA), Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Departamento Química Analítica, Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, 15071 A Coruña, Spain. Electronic address: smuniat@udc.es.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Muniategui Lorenzo
mesh_terms: D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D005060:Europe; D028223:Pinus; D018515:Plant Leaves; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons; D029963:Quercus
chemical_list: D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons
keywords: Biomonitoring; Clean-up sorbents; Dispersing agent; Oak; Organic pollutants; Pine