title: Directional Selection from Host Plants Is a Major Force Driving Host Specificity in Magnaporthe Species.
abstract: One major threat to global food security that requires immediate attention, is the increasing incidence of host shift and host expansion in growing number of pathogenic fungi and emergence of new pathogens. The threat is more alarming because, yield quality and quantity improvement efforts are encouraging the cultivation of uniform plants with low genetic diversity that are increasingly susceptible to emerging pathogens. However, the influence of host genome differentiation on pathogen genome differentiation and its contribution to emergence and adaptability is still obscure. Here, we compared genome sequence of 6 isolates of Magnaporthe species obtained from three different host plants. We demonstrated the evolutionary relationship between Magnaporthe species and the influence of host differentiation on pathogens. Phylogenetic analysis showed that evolution of pathogen directly corresponds with host divergence, suggesting that host-pathogen interaction has led to co-evolution. Furthermore, we identified an asymmetric selection pressure on Magnaporthe species. Oryza sativa-infecting isolates showed higher directional selection from host and subsequently tends to lower the genetic diversity in its genome. We concluded that, frequent gene loss or gain, new transposon acquisition and sequence divergence are host adaptability mechanisms for Magnaporthe species, and this coevolution processes is greatly driven by directional selection from host plants.
authors.affiliation: Fujian-Taiwan Joint Center for Ecological Control of Crop Pests, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.|Fujian University Key Laboratory for Functional Genomics of Plant Fungal Pathogens, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
authors.forename: Zhenhui
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhong
authors.affiliation: Fujian-Taiwan Joint Center for Ecological Control of Crop Pests, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.|Fujian University Key Laboratory for Functional Genomics of Plant Fungal Pathogens, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
authors.forename: Justice
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Norvienyeku
authors.affiliation: Fujian-Taiwan Joint Center for Ecological Control of Crop Pests, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.|Fujian University Key Laboratory for Functional Genomics of Plant Fungal Pathogens, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
authors.forename: Meilian
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Fujian-Taiwan Joint Center for Ecological Control of Crop Pests, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.|Fujian University Key Laboratory for Functional Genomics of Plant Fungal Pathogens, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
authors.forename: Jiandong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bao
authors.affiliation: Fujian-Taiwan Joint Center for Ecological Control of Crop Pests, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.|Fujian University Key Laboratory for Functional Genomics of Plant Fungal Pathogens, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
authors.forename: Lianyu
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Fujian University Key Laboratory for Functional Genomics of Plant Fungal Pathogens, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.|Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Fungi and Mycotoxins, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
authors.forename: Liqiong
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Fujian University Key Laboratory for Functional Genomics of Plant Fungal Pathogens, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.|Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Fungi and Mycotoxins, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
authors.forename: Yahong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Fujian-Taiwan Joint Center for Ecological Control of Crop Pests, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.|Fujian University Key Laboratory for Functional Genomics of Plant Fungal Pathogens, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
authors.forename: Xiaoxian
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Fujian-Taiwan Joint Center for Ecological Control of Crop Pests, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.|Fujian University Key Laboratory for Functional Genomics of Plant Fungal Pathogens, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
authors.forename: Zena
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.affiliation: Fujian-Taiwan Joint Center for Ecological Control of Crop Pests, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.|Fujian University Key Laboratory for Functional Genomics of Plant Fungal Pathogens, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
authors.forename: Qi
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Fujian-Taiwan Joint Center for Ecological Control of Crop Pests, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.|Fujian University Key Laboratory for Functional Genomics of Plant Fungal Pathogens, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
authors.forename: Xiaoye
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Fujian University Key Laboratory for Functional Genomics of Plant Fungal Pathogens, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.|Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Fungi and Mycotoxins, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
authors.forename: Yonghe
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.affiliation: Fujian-Taiwan Joint Center for Ecological Control of Crop Pests, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.|Fujian University Key Laboratory for Functional Genomics of Plant Fungal Pathogens, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Fujian-Taiwan Joint Center for Ecological Control of Crop Pests, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.|Fujian University Key Laboratory for Functional Genomics of Plant Fungal Pathogens, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
authors.forename: Linghong
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Fujian-Taiwan Joint Center for Ecological Control of Crop Pests, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.|Fujian University Key Laboratory for Functional Genomics of Plant Fungal Pathogens, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
authors.forename: Honghong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Fujian-Taiwan Joint Center for Ecological Control of Crop Pests, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.|Fujian University Key Laboratory for Functional Genomics of Plant Fungal Pathogens, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
authors.forename: Long
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Fujian University Key Laboratory for Functional Genomics of Plant Fungal Pathogens, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.|Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Fungi and Mycotoxins, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: Haixia Institute of Science and Technology (HIST), Basic Forestry and Proteomics Research Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
authors.forename: Huakun
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.affiliation: Fujian-Taiwan Joint Center for Ecological Control of Crop Pests, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.|Fujian University Key Laboratory for Functional Genomics of Plant Fungal Pathogens, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
authors.forename: Xiaofeng
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control, Institute of Plant Protection Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China.
authors.forename: Yanli
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Fujian-Taiwan Joint Center for Ecological Control of Crop Pests, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.|Fujian University Key Laboratory for Functional Genomics of Plant Fungal Pathogens, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
authors.forename: Bi
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lian
authors.affiliation: Haixia Institute of Science and Technology (HIST), Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
authors.forename: Liangsheng
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Haixia Institute of Science and Technology (HIST), Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
authors.forename: Haibao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: Fujian-Taiwan Joint Center for Ecological Control of Crop Pests, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.|Fujian University Key Laboratory for Functional Genomics of Plant Fungal Pathogens, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
authors.forename: Guodong
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Fujian-Taiwan Joint Center for Ecological Control of Crop Pests, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.|Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Daniel J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Ebbole
authors.affiliation: Fujian-Taiwan Joint Center for Ecological Control of Crop Pests, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.|Fujian University Key Laboratory for Functional Genomics of Plant Fungal Pathogens, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.|Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Fungi and Mycotoxins, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
authors.forename: Baohua
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Fujian-Taiwan Joint Center for Ecological Control of Crop Pests, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.|Fujian University Key Laboratory for Functional Genomics of Plant Fungal Pathogens, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.|Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Fungi and Mycotoxins, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
authors.forename: Zonghua
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D014644:Genetic Variation; D016681:Genome, Fungal; D058507:Host Specificity; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions; D020082:Magnaporthe / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000472:pathogenicity / Q000502:physiology*; D009711:Nucleotides / Q000235:genetics; D012275:Oryza / Q000382:microbiology; D010802:Phylogeny; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000382:microbiology*; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D012641:Selection, Genetic; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D013045:Species Specificity; D014774:Virulence / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D009711:Nucleotides