title: Effective photodynamic therapy in drug-resistant prostate cancer cells utilizing a non-viral antitumor vector (a secondary publication).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  There is an urgent need to develop an efficient strategy for the treatment of drug-resistant prostate cancer. Photodynamic therapy (PDT), in which low incident levels of laser energy are used to activate a photosensitizer taken up by tumor cells, is expected as a novel therapy for the treatment of prostate cancer because of the minimal invasive nature of PDT. The present study was designed to assess the efficacy of a novel vector approach combined with a conventional porphyrin-based photosensitizer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Our group focused on a non-viral vector (hemagglutinating virus of Japan envelope; HVJ-E) combined with protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) lipid, termed the porphyrus envelope (PE). It has been previously confirmed that HVJ-E has drug-delivering properties and can induce cancer-specific cell death. The PE (HVJ-E contained in PpIX lipid) was developed as a novel photosensitizer. In this study, the antitumor and PDT efficacy of the PE against hormone-antagonistic human prostate cancer cells (PC-3) were evaluated.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results demonstrated that, under specific circumstances, PDT using the PE was very effective against PC-3 cells. A novel therapy for drug-resistant prostate cancer based on this vector approach is eagerly anticipated.
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University.
authors.forename: Masaya
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yamauchi
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University; Institute for Academic Initiatives, Osaka University.
authors.forename: Norihiro
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Honda
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University.
authors.forename: Hisanao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hazama
authors.affiliation: Synthetic Organic Division, Chemical Resources Laboratory, Tokyo Institute of Technology; Department of Life Science, Faculty of Science, Gakushuin University.
authors.forename: Shoji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tachikawa
authors.affiliation: Synthetic Organic Division, Chemical Resources Laboratory, Tokyo Institute of Technology.
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University.
authors.forename: Yasufumi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kaneda
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University; Global Center for Medical Engineering and Informatics, Osaka University; Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University.
authors.forename: Kunio
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Awazu
keywords: Sendai virus; drug delivery; drug-resistant prostate cancer; photodynamic therapy