title: Dietary Calanus oil antagonizes angiotensin II-induced hypertension and tissue wasting in diet-induced obese mice.
abstract: We have recently shown that Calanus oil, which is extracted from the marine copepod Calanus finmarchicus, reduces fat deposition, suppresses adipose tissue inflammation and improves insulin sensitivity in high fat-fed rodents. This study expands upon our previous observations by examining whether dietary supplementation with Calanus oil could antagonize angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced hypertension and ventricular remodeling in mice given a high fat diet (HFD).
  
  
  
  C57BL/6J mice were initially subjected to 8 weeks of HFD with or without 2% (w/w) Calanus oil. Thereafter, animals within each group were randomized for the administration of either Ang II (1µg/kg/min) or saline for another two weeks, while still on the same dietary regimen.
  
  
  
  Ang II caused a marked decline in body and organ weights in mice receiving non-supplemented HFD, a response which was clearly attenuated in mice receiving Calanus oil supplementation. Furthermore, Ang II-induced elevation in blood pressure was also attenuated in the Calanus oil-supplemented group. As expected, infusion of Ang II produced hypertrophy and up-regulation of marker genes (mRNA level) of both hypertrophy and fibrosis in cardiac muscle, but this response was unaffected by dietary Calanus oil. Fibrosis and inflammation were up-regulated also in the aorta following Ang II infusion. However, the inflammatory response was blocked by Calanus oil supplementation. A final, and unexpected, finding was that dietary intake of Calanus oil caused a robust increase in the level of O-GlcNAcylation in cardiac tissue.
  
  
  
  These results suggest that dietary intake of oil from the marine copepod Calanus finmarchicus could be a beneficial addition to conventional hypertension treatment. The compound attenuates inflammation and the severe metabolic stress caused by Ang II infusion. Although the present study suggests that the anti-hypertensive effect of the oil (or its n-3 PUFAs constituents) is related to its anti-inflammatory action in the vessel wall, other mechanisms such as interaction with intracellular calcium mechanisms or a direct antagonistic effect on Ang II receptors should be examined.
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway.
authors.forename: Wahida
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Salma
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway.
authors.forename: Veronika
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Franekova
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway.
authors.forename: Trine
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lund
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway.
authors.forename: Anje
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Höper
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway.
authors.forename: Stian
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ludvigsen
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway.
authors.forename: Jim
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lund
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway.
authors.forename: Ellen
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Aasum
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway.
authors.forename: Kirsti
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ytrehus
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, 3300 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada.
authors.forename: Darrell D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Belke
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway. Electronic address: terje.larsen@uit.no.
authors.forename: Terje S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Larsen
mesh_terms: D000804:Angiotensin II / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D001011:Aorta / Q000187:drug effects; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D033342:Copepoda / Q000737:chemistry; D059305:Diet, High-Fat; D004042:Dietary Fats, Unsaturated / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D006973:Hypertension / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000178:diet therapy*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008820:Mice, Obese; D009929:Organ Size / Q000187:drug effects; D011897:Random Allocation; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D004042:Dietary Fats, Unsaturated; D000804:Angiotensin II
keywords: Hypertension; Inflammation; Marine oil; Obesity; Protein O-GlcNAcylation