title: Bacillus nakamurai sp. nov., a black-pigment-producing strain.
abstract: Two isolates of a Gram-stain-positive, strictly aerobic, motile, rod-shaped, endospore-forming bacterium were identified during a survey of the Bacillus diversity of the Agriculture Research Service Culture Collection. These strains were originally isolated from soil and have a phenotype of producing a dark pigment on tryptic soy agar. Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene indicated that these strains were related most closely to Bacillus subtilis subsp. inaquosorum (99.7 % similarity) and Bacillus axarquiensis (99.7 %). In phenotypic characterization, the novel strains were found to grow between 17 and 50 °C and can tolerate up to 9 % (w/v) NaCl. Furthermore, the strains grew in media of pH 5.5-10 (optimal growth at pH 7.0-8.0). The predominant cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 (34.8 %) and iso-C15 : 0 (21.9 %). The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. A draft genome of both strains was completed. The DNA G+C content was 43.8 mol%. A phylogenomic analysis on the core genome of these two new strains and all members of the Bacillus subtilis group revealed these two strains formed a distinct monophyletic clade with the nearest neighbour Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. DNA-DNA relatedness studies using in silico DNA-DNA hybridizations showed the two strains were conspecific (93.8 %), while values with all other species (<31.5 %) were well below the species threshold of 70 %. Based on the consensus of phylogenetic and phenotypic analyses, these strains are considered to represent a novel species within the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus nakamurai sp. nov. is proposed, with type strain NRRL B-41091T (=CCUG 68786T).
authors.affiliation: Crop Bioprotection, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, 1815 N. University St, Peoria, IL, USA.
authors.forename: Christopher A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Dunlap
authors.affiliation: Renewable Product Technologies Research Units, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Peoria, IL, USA.
authors.forename: Lauren P
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Saunders
authors.affiliation: Crop Bioprotection, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, 1815 N. University St, Peoria, IL, USA.
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Schisler
authors.affiliation: Renewable Product Technologies Research Units, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Peoria, IL, USA.
authors.forename: Timothy D
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Leathers
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Wesleyan University, Middletown, CT, USA.
authors.forename: Naveed
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Naeem
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Wesleyan University, Middletown, CT, USA.
authors.forename: Frederick M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Cohan
authors.affiliation: Crop Bioprotection, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, 1815 N. University St, Peoria, IL, USA.
authors.forename: Alejandro P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Rooney
mesh_terms: D001118:Argentina; D001407:Bacillus / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D015373:Bacterial Typing Techniques; D001482:Base Composition; D002473:Cell Wall / Q000737:chemistry; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D003960:Diaminopimelic Acid / Q000737:chemistry; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D009693:Nucleic Acid Hybridization; D010457:Peptidoglycan / Q000737:chemistry; D010802:Phylogeny; D010858:Pigmentation; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D012988:Soil Microbiology
chemical_list: D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D005227:Fatty Acids; D010457:Peptidoglycan; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; D003960:Diaminopimelic Acid