title: Assessment of MMP-1, MMP-8 and TIMP-2 in experimental periodontitis treated with kaempferol.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of a dietary flavonoid, kaempferol, which has been shown to possess antiallergic, anti-inflammatory, anticarcinogenic, and antioxidant activities on the periodontium by histomorphometric analysis and on gingival tissue matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1), MMP-8, and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2 (TIMP-2) by biochemical analysis of rats after experimental periodontitis induction.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty Wistar rats were randomly divided into six groups of ten rats each, and silk ligatures were placed around the cervical area of the mandibular first molars for 15 days, except in the healthy control rats. In the experimental periodontitis groups, systemic kaempferol (10 mg/kg/2d) and saline were administered by oral gavage at two different periods (with and without the presence of dental biofilm) to all rats except for the ten non-medicated rats. Alveolar bone area, alveolar bone level, and attachment level were determined by histomorphometric analysis, and gingival tissue levels of MMP-1, MMP-8, and TIMP-2 were detected by biochemical analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significantly greater bone area and significantly less alveolar bone and attachment loss were observed in the kaempferol application groups compared to the control groups (P<0.05). In addition, gingival tissue MMP-1 and -8 levels were significantly lower in the kaempferol application groups compared to the control groups and the periodontitis group (P<0.001). There were no statistically significant differences in TIMP-2 levels between the kaempferol and saline application groups (P>0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Kaempferol application may be useful in decreasing alveolar bone resorption, attachment loss, and MMP-1 and -8 production in experimental periodontitis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, Bulent Ecevit University Faculty of Dentistry, Zonguldak, Turkey .
authors.forename: Umut
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-5070-0062
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Balli
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, Ondokuzmayis University Faculty of Dentistry, Samsun, Turkey .
authors.forename: Burcu Ozkan
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-9898-6132
authors.initials: BO
authors.lastname: Cetinkaya
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, Ondokuzmayis University Faculty of Dentistry, Samsun, Turkey .
authors.forename: Gonca Cayir
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-1121-9978
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Keles
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, Ondokuzmayis University Faculty of Dentistry, Samsun, Turkey .
authors.forename: Zeynep Pinar
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-9139-8752
authors.initials: ZP
authors.lastname: Keles
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, Ondokuzmayis University Faculty of Dentistry, Samsun, Turkey .
authors.forename: Sevki
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-2854-0856
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Guler
authors.affiliation: Ondokuzmayis University Samsun High School of Health, Samsun, Turkey .
authors.forename: Mehtap Unlu
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-9461-6428
authors.initials: MU
authors.lastname: Sogut
authors.affiliation: Department of Histology and Embryology, Giresun University Faculty of Medicine, Giresun, Turkey .
authors.forename: Zuleyha
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-3523-6542
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Erisgin
keywords: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; Histology; Kaempferol; Periodontal disease; Rats