title: Hydralazine-induced pauci-immune glomerulonephritis: intriguing case series with misleading diagnoses.
abstract: Hydralazine has been used since the 1950s for the management of hypertension. Evidence for hydralazine-associated vasculitis dates to pre-ANCA (antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies) era. This abstract describes two cases of ANCA-positive pauci-immune glomerulonephritis (GN) in challenging scenarios where diagnosis was misconstrued. A comprehensive literature review was done to understand the pathogenesis of drug-induced pauci-immune GN. We have described key diagnostic features that are helpful in distinguishing idiopathic ANCA vasculitis from drug-induced vasculitis. Additionally, we have also described different treatments meant to provide therapy options with the least side effects.
authors.affiliation: Internal Medicine, Greater Baltimore Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA; fbabar@gbmc.org.
authors.forename: Faizan
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Babar
authors.affiliation: Nephrology Division, Mid-Atlantic Nephrology Associates.
authors.forename: Jeffery N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Posner
authors.affiliation: Greater Baltimore Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Eugene A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Obah
keywords: hydralazine; pauci-immune GN; renal limited