title: Ophthalmic Disparities in Transgender Patients.
abstract: Transgender individuals experience unique challenges with regards to discrimination and access to health care. Further, their unique health-care needs and challenges lead to greater rates of morbidity. This article seeks to review the unique biology of transgender patients and the effects of cross-sex hormone therapy on ophthalmic and non-ophthalmic pathology. Attention is given to topics in neuro-ophthalmology, oculoplastics, and retinal disease.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences , Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville , TN , USA.
authors.forename: Matthew W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Hollar
authors.affiliation: a Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences , Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville , TN , USA.
authors.forename: Matthew M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: a Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences , Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville , TN , USA.|b Department of Neurological Surgery , Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville , TN , USA.
authors.forename: Louise A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Mawn
mesh_terms: D005128:Eye Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*; D054625:Healthcare Disparities / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D009885:Ophthalmology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D013518:Surgery, Plastic; D063106:Transgender Persons / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008297:Male; D005260:Female
keywords: Disparity; gender identity disorder; neuro-ophthalmology; oculoplastics; transgenderism; transsexualism