title: High CD3+ Cells in Intracranial Thrombi Represent a Biomarker of Atherothrombotic Stroke.
abstract: Approximately 30% of strokes are cryptogenic despite an exhaustive in-hospital work-up. Analysis of clot composition following endovascular treatment could provide insight into stroke etiology. T-cells already have been shown to be a major component of vulnerable atherosclerotic carotid lesions. We therefore hypothesize that T-cell content in intracranial thrombi may also be a biomarker of atherothrombotic origin.
  
  
  
  We histopathologically investigated 54 consecutive thrombi retrieved after mechanical thrombectomy in acute stroke patients. First, thrombi were classified as fibrin-dominant, erythrocyte-dominant or mixed pattern. We then performed quantitative analysis of CD3+ cells on immunohistochemically-stained thrombi and compared T-cell content between "atherothrombotic", "cardioembolism" and "other causes" stroke subtypes.
  
  
  
  Fourteen (26%) thrombi were defined as fibrin-dominant, 15 (28%) as erythrocyte-dominant, 25 (46%) as mixed. The stroke cause was defined as "atherothrombotic" in 10 (18.5%), "cardioembolism" in 25 (46.3%), and "other causes" in 19 (35.2%). Number of T-cells was significantly higher in thrombi from the "atherothrombotic" group (53.60 ± 28.78) than in the other causes (21.77 ± 18.31; p<0.0005) or the "cardioembolism" group (20.08 ± 15.66; p<0.0003).
  
  
  
  The CD3+ T-cell count in intracranial thrombi was significantly higher in "atherothrombotic" origin strokes compared to all other causes. Thrombi with high content of CD3+ cells are more likely to originate from an atherosclerotic plaque.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroradiology, Montpellier University Hospital Center, Gui de Chauliac Hospital, Montpellier, France.
authors.forename: Cyril
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-1891-9157
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dargazanli
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Montpellier University Hospital Center, Gui de Chauliac Hospital, Montpellier, France.
authors.forename: Valérie
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Rigau
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroradiology, Montpellier University Hospital Center, Gui de Chauliac Hospital, Montpellier, France.
authors.forename: Omer
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Eker
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroradiology, Montpellier University Hospital Center, Gui de Chauliac Hospital, Montpellier, France.
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Riquelme Bareiro
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroradiology, Montpellier University Hospital Center, Gui de Chauliac Hospital, Montpellier, France.
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Machi
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroradiology, Montpellier University Hospital Center, Gui de Chauliac Hospital, Montpellier, France.
authors.forename: Grégory
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gascou
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Montpellier University Hospital Center, Gui de Chauliac Hospital, Montpellier, France.
authors.forename: Caroline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Arquizan
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Montpellier University Hospital Center, Gui de Chauliac Hospital, Montpellier, France.
authors.forename: Xavier
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Ayrignac
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Montpellier University Hospital Center, Gui de Chauliac Hospital, Montpellier, France.
authors.forename: Isabelle
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Mourand
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Montpellier University Hospital Center, Gui de Chauliac Hospital, Montpellier, France.
authors.forename: Astrid
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Corlobé
authors.affiliation: Department of Imaging, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, Charing Cross Hospital, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Kyriakos
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lobotesis
authors.affiliation: IMAG UMR 5149, University of Montpellier, School of Pharmacy, Montpellier University Hospital Center, Colombière Hospital, Montpellier, France.
authors.forename: Nicolas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Molinari
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Montpellier University Hospital Center, Gui de Chauliac Hospital, Montpellier, France.
authors.forename: Valérie
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Costes
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroradiology, Montpellier University Hospital Center, Gui de Chauliac Hospital, Montpellier, France.
authors.forename: Alain
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bonafé
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroradiology, Montpellier University Hospital Center, Gui de Chauliac Hospital, Montpellier, France.
authors.forename: Vincent
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Costalat
mesh_terms: D017252:CD3 Complex / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D020767:Intracranial Thrombosis / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery*; D020521:Stroke / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000276:immunology; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D017131:Thrombectomy
chemical_list: D017252:CD3 Complex