title: Model of minor stroke with mild peri-infarct ischemic injury.
abstract: Transient ischemic attack, minor stroke and stroke recurrence need improved treatment but lack animal models for research. The aim was to modify photothrombosis methods thereby producing both a minor stroke (with adjacent mild damage) or a minor recurrent stroke.
  
  
  
  A minor stroke, as detected using magnetic resonance imaging and histology, was produced using a low intensity beam of white light with a bright centre, a low dose of Rose Bengal and a short 5min illumination of thinned skull. A recurrent minor stroke was produced by repeating the procedure two days later except the cortical mask was positioned 1.5mm posteriorly.
  
  
  
  The minor photothrombosis procedure produced a small superficial infarct surrounded by a region of scattered necrosis detected histologically. Marked hyperintensities in diffusion weighted and T2 images identified the infarct. Peri-infarct regions with modest T2 increases corresponded to regions of scattered cell death. A recurrent minor photothrombosis produced additional damage in regions with overlapping mild injury.
  
  
  
  Previous photothrombosis methods usually produce large cortical infarcts with little penumbra. The current method produces small infarcts with diffuse mild peri-infarct ischemic injury that can be diagnosed using T2 imaging.
  
  
  
  The modified photothrombotic procedure will produce a minor stroke consisting of a small infarct in a region with marked diffusion and T2 hyperintensities and a peri-infarct region of selective necrosis with modest T2 changes. Minor recurrent stroke is readily produced but imaging is key for assessing size and location of each insult.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada; Experimental Imaging Centre, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada. Electronic address: utuor@ucalgary.ca.
authors.forename: Ursula I
authors.initials: UI
authors.lastname: Tuor
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada. Electronic address: dengqinbo@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Qinbo
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Deng
authors.affiliation: Experimental Imaging Centre, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada. Electronic address: drushfor@ucalgary.ca.
authors.forename: Dave
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rushforth
authors.affiliation: Experimental Imaging Centre, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada. Electronic address: tfoniok@ucalgary.ca.
authors.forename: Taduesz
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Foniok
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada. Electronic address: mqiao@ucalgary.ca.
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Qiao
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D001929:Brain Edema / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D018450:Disease Progression; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D010775:Photic Stimulation; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012008:Recurrence; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D020521:Stroke / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology
keywords: Magnetic resonance imaging; Mild ischemic injury; Peri-infarct; Photothrombosis