title: Quantitative generalized ratiometric fluorescence spectroscopy for turbid media based on probe encapsulated by biologically localized embedding.
abstract: PEBBLE (probe encapsulated by biologically localized embedding) nanosensor encapsulating an intensity-based fluorescence indicator and an inert reference fluorescence dye inside the pores of stable matrix can be used as a generalized wavelength-ratiometric probe. However, the lack of an efficient quantitative model render the choices of inert reference dyes and intensity-based fluorescence indicators used in PEBBLEs based generalized wavelength-ratiometric probes rather limited. In this contribution, an extended quantitative fluorescence model was derived specifically for generalized wavelength-ratiometric probes based on PEBBLE technique (QFMGRP) with a view to simplify the design of PEBBLEs and hence further extend their application potentials. The effectiveness of QFMGRP has been tested on the quantitative determination of free Ca(2+) in both simulated and real turbid media using a Ca(2+) sensitive PEBBLE nanosensor encapsulating Rhod-2 and eosin B inside the micropores of stable polyacrylamide matrix. Experimental results demonstrated that QFMGRP could realize precise and accurate quantification of free Ca(2+) in turbid samples, even though there is serious overlapping between the fluorescence excitation peaks of eosin B and Ca(2+) bound Rhod-2. The average relative predictive error value of QFMGRP for the test simulated turbid samples was 5.9%, about 2-4 times lower than the corresponding values of partial least squares calibration model and the empirical ratiometric model based on the ratio of fluorescence intensities at the excitation peaks of Ca(2+) bound Rhod-2 and eosin B. The recovery rates of QFMGRP for the real and spiked turbid samples varied from 93.1% to 101%, comparable to the corresponding results of atomic absorption spectrometry.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, PR China.
authors.forename: Xiu-Fang
authors.initials: XF
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, PR China. Electronic address: zpchen2002@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Zeng-Ping
authors.initials: ZP
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, PR China.
authors.forename: Yin-Yin
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, PR China.
authors.forename: Yuan-Liang
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, PR China.
authors.forename: Ru-Qin
authors.initials: RQ
authors.lastname: Yu
mesh_terms: D000180:Acrylic Resins / Q000737:chemistry; D002118:Calcium / Q000032:analysis*; D010697:Eosine I Bluish / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry*; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry*; D006575:Heterocyclic Compounds, 3-Ring / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry; D036103:Nanotechnology; D009391:Nephelometry and Turbidimetry; D010316:Particle Size; D016062:Porosity; D013050:Spectrometry, Fluorescence / Q000379:methods*; D000099166:Polyacrylamides
chemical_list: D000180:Acrylic Resins; D002118:Calcium; D010697:Eosine I Bluish; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D006575:Heterocyclic Compounds, 3-Ring; D000099166:Polyacrylamides; C068483:rhod-2
keywords: Calcium; Generalized ratiometric probes; Probe encapsulated by biologically localized embedding; Quantitative fluorescence spectroscopy; Turbid media