title: Strains around distally inclined implants retaining mandibular overdentures with Locator attachments: an in vitro study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the present study was to evaluate, by means of strain gauge analysis, the effect of different implant angulations on strains around two implants retaining mandibular overdenture with Locator attachments.
  
  
  METHODS
  Four duplicate mandibular acrylic models were constructed. Two implants were inserted in the canine regions using the following degrees of distal inclinations: group I (control); 0°, group II; 10°, group III; 20°, and group IV; 30°. Locator pink attachments were used to connect the overdenture to the implants and Locator red (designed for severely angled implants) was used for group IV (group IVred). For each group, two linear strain gauges were attached at the mesial and distal surfaces of the acrylic resin around each implant. Peri-implant strain was measured on loading and non-loading sides during bilateral and unilateral loading.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For all groups, the mesial surfaces of the implants at loading and non-loading sides experienced compressive (negative) strains, while the distal implant surfaces showed tensile (positive) strains. Group IV showed the highest strain, followed by group III, group II. Both group I and group IVred showed the lowest strain. The strain gauges at the mesial surface of the loading side recorded the highest strain, and the distal surface at non-loading side showed the lowest strain. Unilateral loading recorded significantly higher strain than bilateral loading.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Peri-implant strains around two implants used to retain mandibular overdentures with Locator attachments increase as distal implant inclination increases, except when red nylon inserts were used.
authors.affiliation: Removable Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, Egypt.
authors.forename: Moustafa Abdou
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-9514-6931
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Elsyad
authors.affiliation: Bachelor degree student, Faculty of Dentistry, Tripoli University, Libya.
authors.forename: Fathi Abo
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Setta
authors.affiliation: Removable Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, Egypt.
authors.forename: Ahmed Samir
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Khirallah
keywords: Inclined implants; Locator; Overdentures; Strain