title: Amelioratory effect of flavonoids rich Pergularia daemia extract against CFA induced arthritic rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Pergularia daemia Forsk. (Asclepiadaceae) is a traditionally reported medicinal herb used to treat joint pain and arthritis. However, there are no scientific reports about anti-arthritic activity of P. daemia methanolic extract on rats as animal model. This study identifies bioactive compounds present in the P. daemia methanolic extract and evaluates its anti-arthritic potential in CFA induced arthritic rats.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Phytoconstituents of P. daemia extract were examined using LC-ESI/MS method. Anti-arthritic activity of P. daemia extract was determined by various biochemical experiments (RF, ESR and CRP), ultrasonography and histological analysis. LC-ESI/MS analysis resulted in the identification of major flavonoids compounds such as formononetin, qurecetin, chrysoeriol, taxifolin and naringenin. Serum biomarker analysis, after the treatment with PDME (500mg/kg b.w.) revealed that the hemoglobin (11.84±0.42g/dL) and RBC (8.38±0.67million/mm(3)) levels were significantly increased whereas WBC (8.91±0.38thousands/mm(3)), RF (17.94±0.45IU/mL), ESR (7.91±0.12mm/h) and CRP (22.56±0.26mg/L) levels were decreased when compared with the CFA induced arthritic control group. Histology results revealed that treatment with PDME has resulted in significant prevention against bony destruction by decreasing soft tissue swelling and narrowing of joint spaces (250 and 500mg/kg b.w.).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Anti-arthritic effect of P. daemia might be due to the presence of these bioactive flavonoids. These findings lend pharmacological support to the reported folkloric use of P. daemia in the treatment and management of painful, arthritic inflammatory conditions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620 024, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: Devanesan Arul
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Ananth
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620 024, Tamil Nadu, India; TUV-SUD, South Asia Laboratory, Bangalore, 560 058, India.
authors.forename: Angappan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rameshkumar
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620 024, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: Ramachandran
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jeyadevi
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620 024, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: G Smilin Bell
authors.initials: GSB
authors.lastname: Aseervatham
authors.affiliation: SRM Research Institute, SRM University, Kattankulathur, Chennai 603 203, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: Jaganathan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sripriya
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, Anna University, Tiruchirappalli, 620 024 Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: Prabaharan Chandra
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Bose
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620 024, Tamil Nadu, India. Electronic address: sudacoli@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Thilagar
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sivasudha
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D029062:Apocynaceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D001169:Arthritis, Experimental / Q000097:blood / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid; D005121:Extremities / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005620:Freund's Adjuvant; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000378:metabolism; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D064209:Phytochemicals / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D015415:Biomarkers; D005419:Flavonoids; D006454:Hemoglobins; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D064209:Phytochemicals; D010936:Plant Extracts; D005620:Freund's Adjuvant
keywords: Anti-inflammatory; CFA; Flavonoids; LC-ESI/MS; Rheumatoid arthritis