title: Microwave Heating of Functionalized Graphene Nanoribbons in Thermoset Polymers for Wellbore Reinforcement.
abstract: Here, we introduce a systematic strategy to prepare composite materials for wellbore reinforcement using graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) in a thermoset polymer irradiated by microwaves. We show that microwave absorption by GNRs functionalized with poly(propylene oxide) (PPO-GNRs) cured the composite by reaching 200 °C under 30 W of microwave power. Nanoscale PPO-GNRs diffuse deep inside porous sandstone and dramatically enhance the mechanics of the entire structure via effective reinforcement. The bulk and the local mechanical properties measured by compression and nanoindentation mechanical tests, respectively, reveal that microwave heating of PPO-GNRs and direct polymeric curing are major reasons for this significant reinforcement effect.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, ‡Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, §The NanoCarbon Center, and ∥Department of Material Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University , 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States.
authors.forename: Nam Dong
authors.initials: ND
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, ‡Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, §The NanoCarbon Center, and ∥Department of Material Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University , 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States.
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Metzger
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, ‡Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, §The NanoCarbon Center, and ∥Department of Material Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University , 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States.
authors.forename: Vahid
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Hejazi
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, ‡Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, §The NanoCarbon Center, and ∥Department of Material Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University , 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States.
authors.forename: Yilun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, ‡Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, §The NanoCarbon Center, and ∥Department of Material Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University , 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States.
authors.forename: Anton
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kovalchuk
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, ‡Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, §The NanoCarbon Center, and ∥Department of Material Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University , 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States.
authors.forename: Seoung-Ki
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, ‡Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, §The NanoCarbon Center, and ∥Department of Material Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University , 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States.
authors.forename: Ruquan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, ‡Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, §The NanoCarbon Center, and ∥Department of Material Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University , 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States.
authors.forename: Jason A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Mann
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, ‡Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, §The NanoCarbon Center, and ∥Department of Material Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University , 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States.
authors.forename: Carter
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kittrell
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, ‡Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, §The NanoCarbon Center, and ∥Department of Material Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University , 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States.
authors.forename: Rouzbeh
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Shahsavari
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, ‡Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, §The NanoCarbon Center, and ∥Department of Material Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University , 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States.
authors.forename: James M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Tour
keywords: graphene nanoribbon; mechanical reinforcement,; microwave; microwave induced heating; polymer composite