title: Resistin, visfatin, leptin and omentin are differently related to hormonal and metabolic parameters in growth hormone-deficient children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The effect of growth hormone (GH) on adipose tissue and the role of adipokines in modulating metabolism are documented, but with discordant data. Our aim was to evaluate the impact of GH treatment on a series of selected adipokines known to have a metabolic role and poorly investigated in this setting.
  
  
  METHODS
  This is a prospective study. Thirty-one prepubertal children (25 M, 6 F; aged 8.5 ± 1.6 years) with isolated GH deficiency treated with GH for at least 12 months and 30 matched controls were evaluated. Auxological and metabolic parameters, insulin sensitivity indexes, leptin, soluble leptin receptor, adiponectin, visfatin, resistin, omentin, adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein and retinol-binding protein-4 were evaluated before and after 12 months of treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At baseline, no significant difference in metabolic parameters was found between GHD children and controls, except for higher LDL cholesterol (p = 0.004) in the first group. At multivariate analysis, LDL cholesterol was independently associated with resistin (B 0.531; p = 0.002), while IGF-I was the only variable independently associated with visfatin (B 0.688; p < 0.001). After 12 months, a significant increase in fasting insulin (p = 0.008), Homa-IR (p = 0.007) and visfatin (p < 0.001) was found, with a concomitant decrease in LDL cholesterol (p = 0.015), QUICKI (p = 0.001), ISI Matsuda (p = 0.006), leptin (p = 0.015) and omentin (p = 0.003)]. At multivariate analysis, BMI was the only variable independently associated with leptin (B 0.485; p = 0.040).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  GH treatment modifies adipokine secretion and the perturbation of some adipokine levels could contribute to the clinical and metabolic changes observed during the follow-up.
authors.affiliation: Section of Cardio-Respiratory and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases, Biomedical Department of Internal and Specialist Medicine (DIBIMIS), University of Palermo, Piazza delle Cliniche 2, 90127, Palermo, Italy.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ciresi
authors.affiliation: Section of Cardio-Respiratory and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases, Biomedical Department of Internal and Specialist Medicine (DIBIMIS), University of Palermo, Piazza delle Cliniche 2, 90127, Palermo, Italy.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pizzolanti
authors.affiliation: Section of Cardio-Respiratory and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases, Biomedical Department of Internal and Specialist Medicine (DIBIMIS), University of Palermo, Piazza delle Cliniche 2, 90127, Palermo, Italy.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Leotta
authors.affiliation: Section of Cardio-Respiratory and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases, Biomedical Department of Internal and Specialist Medicine (DIBIMIS), University of Palermo, Piazza delle Cliniche 2, 90127, Palermo, Italy.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Guarnotta
authors.affiliation: Section of Cardio-Respiratory and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases, Biomedical Department of Internal and Specialist Medicine (DIBIMIS), University of Palermo, Piazza delle Cliniche 2, 90127, Palermo, Italy.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Teresi
authors.affiliation: Section of Cardio-Respiratory and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases, Biomedical Department of Internal and Specialist Medicine (DIBIMIS), University of Palermo, Piazza delle Cliniche 2, 90127, Palermo, Italy. carla.giordano@unipa.it.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Giordano
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D058851:GPI-Linked Proteins / Q000097:blood; D006130:Growth Disorders / Q000378:metabolism*; D006728:Hormones / Q000097:blood*; D019382:Human Growth Hormone / Q000172:deficiency*; D006801:Humans; D037102:Lectins / Q000097:blood*; D020738:Leptin / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D054409:Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyltransferase / Q000097:blood*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D052243:Resistin / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D016207:Cytokines; D058851:GPI-Linked Proteins; D006728:Hormones; C432397:ITLN1 protein, human; D037102:Lectins; D020738:Leptin; C499624:RETN protein, human; D052243:Resistin; D019382:Human Growth Hormone; D054409:Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyltransferase; C085455:nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase, human
keywords: Adipokines; Children; Growth hormone; Insulin sensitivity