title: The essential functions of endoplasmic reticulum chaperones in hepatic lipid metabolism.
abstract: The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is an essential organelle for protein and lipid synthesis in hepatocytes. ER homeostasis is vital to maintain normal hepatocyte physiology. Perturbed ER functions causes ER stress associated with accumulation of unfolded protein in the ER that activates a series of adaptive signalling pathways, termed unfolded protein response (UPR). The UPR regulates ER chaperone levels to preserve ER protein-folding environment to protect the cell from ER stress. Recent findings reveal an array of ER chaperones that alter the protein-folding environment in the ER of hepatocytes and contribute to dysregulation of hepatocyte lipid metabolism and liver disease. In this review, we will discuss the specific functions of these chaperones in regulation of lipid metabolism, especially de novo lipogenesis and lipid transport and demonstrate their homeostatic role not only for ER-protein synthesis but also for lipid metabolism in hepatocyte.
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency, Shengjing Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China. Electronic address: lichunzhangcmu@163.com.
authors.forename: LiChun
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China. Electronic address: wanghonghui@hnu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Hong-Hui
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004721:Endoplasmic Reticulum / Q000378:metabolism*; D059865:Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress; D006706:Homeostasis; D006801:Humans; D050356:Lipid Metabolism; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D018832:Molecular Chaperones / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D056811:Unfolded Protein Response
chemical_list: D018832:Molecular Chaperones
keywords: Chaperone; Endoplasmic reticulum stress; Lipid metabolism; Unfolded protein response