title: High-risk diagnosis, social stress, and parent-child relationships: A moderation model.
abstract: Stress is related to symptom severity among youth at clinical high-risk (CHR) for psychosis, although this relation may be influenced by protective factors. We explored whether the association of CHR diagnosis with social stress is moderated by the quality of parent-child relationships in a sample of 96 (36 CHR; 60 help-seeking controls) adolescents and young adults receiving mental health services. We examined self-reported social stress and parent-child relationships as measured by the Behavior Assessment System for Children, Second Edition (BASC-2), and determined CHR status from the clinician-administered Structured Interview for Psychosis-Risk Syndrome (SIPS). The social stress subscale, part of the clinical domain of the BASC-2, assesses feelings of stress and tension in personal relationships and the relations with parents subscale, part of the adaptive domain of the BASC-2, assesses perceptions of importance in family and quality of parent-child relationship. There was a modest direct relation between risk diagnosis and social stress. Among those at CHR, however, there was a significant relation between parent-child relationships and social stress (b=-0.73, t[92]=-3.77, p<0.001, f(2)=0.15) that was not observed among non-CHR individuals, suggesting that a positive parent-child relationship may be a protective factor against social stress for those at risk for psychosis. Findings provide additional evidence to suggest that interventions that simultaneously target both social stress and parent-child relationships might be relevant for adolescents and young adults at clinical high-risk for psychosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA.
authors.forename: Eryn
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bentley
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA.
authors.forename: Zachary B
authors.initials: ZB
authors.lastname: Millman
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA.
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Thompson
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA.
authors.forename: Caroline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Demro
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA.
authors.forename: Emily
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kline
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA.
authors.forename: Steven C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Pitts
authors.affiliation: Department of Social Work, University of Maryland, School of Social Work, Baltimore, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Jordan E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: DeVylder
authors.affiliation: Department of Social Work, University of Maryland, School of Social Work, Baltimore, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Melissa Edmondson
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Gloria
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Reeves
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA. Electronic address: schiffma@umbc.edu.
authors.forename: Jason
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Schiffman
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007406:Interview, Psychological; D008297:Male; D010287:Parent-Child Relations; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011618:Psychotic Disorders / Q000523:psychology*; D012306:Risk; D057566:Self Report; D012938:Social Perception; D013315:Stress, Psychological
keywords: High-risk diagnosis; Parent-child relationships; Psychosis; Self-report; Social stress