title: Task-free MRI predicts individual differences in brain activity during task performance.
abstract: When asked to perform the same task, different individuals exhibit markedly different patterns of brain activity. This variability is often attributed to volatile factors, such as task strategy or compliance. We propose that individual differences in brain responses are, to a large degree, inherent to the brain and can be predicted from task-independent measurements collected at rest. Using a large set of task conditions, spanning several behavioral domains, we train a simple model that relates task-independent measurements to task activity and evaluate the model by predicting task activation maps for unseen subjects using magnetic resonance imaging. Our model can accurately predict individual differences in brain activity and highlights a coupling between brain connectivity and function that can be captured at the level of individual subjects.
authors.affiliation: Oxford Centre for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Brain (FMRIB), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK. Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, 52621, Israel.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Tavor
authors.affiliation: Oxford Centre for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Brain (FMRIB), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK.
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Parker Jones
authors.affiliation: Oxford Centre for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Brain (FMRIB), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK. Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen, 6525 EZ Nijmegen, Netherlands.
authors.forename: R B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Mars
authors.affiliation: Oxford Centre for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Brain (FMRIB), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK.
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.affiliation: Oxford Centre for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Brain (FMRIB), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK. Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, University College London, London, WC1N 3BG, UK.
authors.forename: T E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Behrens
authors.affiliation: Oxford Centre for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Brain (FMRIB), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK. saad@fmrib.ox.ac.uk.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jbabdi
mesh_terms: D001921:Brain / Q000502:physiology*; D001931:Brain Mapping / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007206:Individuality; D007802:Language; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D013647:Task Performance and Analysis