title: Percutaneous treatment of extrahepatic recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The goal of this study was to retrospectively evaluate the results of imaging-guided percutaneous ablation in patients with controlled intrahepatic hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with limited extrahepatic disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eleven patients with limited extrahepatic disease and/or potential short-term clinical manifestations with controlled primary intrahepatic HCC were included into the study. There were nine men and two women, with a mean age of 67.4 years±10.2 (SD) (range: 54-85 years). All patients had extrahepatic disease treated by either radiofrequency ablation or electroporation. Extrahepatic disease consisted of lymph node metastases (5 patients), tumor seeding along a needle tract (3 patients), adrenal gland metastasis, bone metastasis and pulmonary metastasis (one patient each).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Response to treatment was complete in 7/11 patients (64%). The mean survival time after treatment was 18.8±12.7 (SD) months (median, 16 months; range: 4-42 months). No severe complications associated with percutaneous treatment were observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest that imaging-guided percutaneous ablation techniques should be considered as a useful option for the treatment of extrahepatic disease in patients with HCC. Further studies are needed, however to fully determine the potential role of these techniques in this elective application.
authors.affiliation: Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Saint-Denis, Hôpital Jean-Verdier, Service de Radiologie, 93140 Bondy, France.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Doreille
authors.affiliation: Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Saint-Denis, Hôpital Jean-Verdier, Service d'Hépatologie, 93140 Bondy, France.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: N'Kontchou
authors.affiliation: Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Saint-Denis, Hôpital Jean-Verdier, Service de Radiologie, 93140 Bondy, France; Université Paris 13, COMUE Sorbonne Paris Cité, UFR SMBH, 93000 Bobigny, France.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Halimi
authors.affiliation: Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Saint-Denis, Hôpital Jean-Verdier, Service de Radiologie, 93140 Bondy, France; Université Paris 13, COMUE Sorbonne Paris Cité, UFR SMBH, 93000 Bobigny, France.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bouhafs
authors.affiliation: Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Saint-Denis, Hôpital Jean-Verdier, Service de Radiologie, 93140 Bondy, France.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Coderc
authors.affiliation: Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Saint-Denis, Hôpital Jean-Verdier, Service de Radiologie, 93140 Bondy, France; Université Paris 13, COMUE Sorbonne Paris Cité, UFR SMBH, 93000 Bobigny, France.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sellier
authors.affiliation: Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Saint-Denis, Hôpital Jean-Verdier, Service de Radiologie, 93140 Bondy, France; Université Paris 13, COMUE Sorbonne Paris Cité, UFR SMBH, 93000 Bobigny, France; Inserm, UMR 1162, Génomique fonctionnelle des Tumeurs solides, 75010 Paris, France. Electronic address: olivier.seror@jvr.aphp.fr.
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Seror
mesh_terms: D000310:Adrenal Gland Neoplasms / Q000556:secondary / Q000601:surgery; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001859:Bone Neoplasms / Q000556:secondary / Q000601:surgery; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000401:mortality / Q000556:secondary* / Q000601:surgery*; D017115:Catheter Ablation; D018274:Electroporation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000556:secondary / Q000601:surgery; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D009366:Neoplasm Seeding; D025321:Surgery, Computer-Assisted; D016019:Survival Analysis
keywords: Electroporation; Hepatocellular carcinoma; Microwave ablation; Percutaneous treatment; Radiofrequency ablation