title: Incidence rate of falls and its risk factors in patients with rheumatoid arthritis compared to controls: Four years of the TOMORROW study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have been recognized to experience falls frequently due to functional disabilities. The aim of this study was to prospectively investigate factors influencing falls in patients with RA compared to controls.
  
  
  METHODS
  We compared the frequency of falls in 208 RA patients and 205 age- and sex-matched volunteers for four years and analyzed risk factors for falls in RA patients using multivariate regression analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No significant difference in the incidence rate of falls (/person-year) between patients with RA (median [interquartile range]: 0 [0, 0.5]) and controls (0 [0, 0.5]) was evident during four years. Logistic regression analysis identified age, sex, body mass index, history of falls, and lower limb implant at baseline as significant risk factors for falls. The highest quartile of anti-CCP antibody level (>300.6 U/ml) was the strongest predictor for multiple falls (odds ratio, 2.97; 95% confidence interval, 1.12-7.91, p = 0.029) among RA patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  During four years we could not observe the higher incidence rate of falls in RA patients compared to controls in our cohort. Subjects with a higher titer of anti-CCP antibody might be at higher risk of frequent falls among RA patients.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Orthopaedic Surgery.
authors.forename: Kenji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mamoto
authors.affiliation: b Department of Rheumatosurgery and.
authors.forename: Kentaro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Inui
authors.affiliation: a Department of Orthopaedic Surgery.
authors.forename: Tadashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Okano
authors.affiliation: c Center for Senile Degenerative Disorders (CSDD), Osaka City University Medical School , Osaka , Japan , and.
authors.forename: Yuko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sugioka
authors.affiliation: a Department of Orthopaedic Surgery.
authors.forename: Masahiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tada
authors.affiliation: c Center for Senile Degenerative Disorders (CSDD), Osaka City University Medical School , Osaka , Japan , and.|d Search Institute for Bone and Arthritis Disease (SINBAD), Shirahama Foundation for Health and Welfare , Wakayama , Japan.
authors.forename: Tatsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Koike
authors.affiliation: a Department of Orthopaedic Surgery.
authors.forename: Hiroaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nakamura
mesh_terms: D000058:Accidental Falls / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D000368:Aged; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000276:immunology / Q000503:physiopathology; D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000276:immunology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D010456:Peptides, Cyclic / Q000276:immunology*; D012217:Rheumatoid Factor / Q000032:analysis; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D001323:Autoantibodies; D010456:Peptides, Cyclic; D012217:Rheumatoid Factor
keywords: Anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody; Cohort study; Fall; Rheumatoid arthritis