title: Efficacy of add-on tacrolimus on methotrexate to maintain clinical remission after rediscontinuation of a tumor necrosis factor inhibitor in rheumatoid arthritis patients who relapsed shortly after discontinuation of the same tumor necrosis factor inhibitor due to clinical remission.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the efficacy of adding tacrolimus to maintain remission in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) on methotrexate after discontinuation of tumor necrosis factor inhibitor (TNFi) therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Consecutive patients with RA, who resumed a TNFi to treat flares after initial TNFi-free remission and discontinued a TNFi again after achieving remission and adding tacrolimus were enrolled. The lengths of remission after discontinuation of TNFi without or with tacrolimus were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirteen TNFi-free periods in six patients, in which seven were without and six were with tacrolimus were analyzed. All were seropositive females with a median age of 46 years and symptom duration of 1.2 years at the onset of TNFi therapy. Two were treated with infliximab and four were with etanercept. The median dose of tacrolimus was 2 mg/day with trough level of 4.5 ng/ml. The length of time to flare after discontinuation of TNFi therapy with tacrolimus was significantly longer than those without tacrolimus (median 107 weeks [range 4-207] versus 13 weeks [2-36]). After adding tacrolimus, only one patient resumed TNFi therapy and three had no flare until final observation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Add-on tacrolimus was effective in maintaining TNFi-free remission in patients with RA who ever relapsed after TNFi-free remission.
authors.affiliation: a Division of Rheumatology , Nagoya City University Hospital , Nagoya , Aichi , Japan.|b Department of Respiratory Medicine, Allergy and Clinical Immunology , Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences , Nagoya , Aichi , Japan , and.|c Takeuchi Orthopedics and Internal Medicine , Chita , Aichi , Japan.
authors.forename: Taio
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Naniwa
authors.affiliation: a Division of Rheumatology , Nagoya City University Hospital , Nagoya , Aichi , Japan.|b Department of Respiratory Medicine, Allergy and Clinical Immunology , Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences , Nagoya , Aichi , Japan , and.
authors.forename: Shiho
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Iwagaitsu
authors.affiliation: c Takeuchi Orthopedics and Internal Medicine , Chita , Aichi , Japan.
authors.forename: Mikiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kajiura
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D018501:Antirheumatic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy; D016903:Drug Monitoring; D000068800:Etanercept / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D000069285:Infliximab / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D007564:Japan; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D054539:Medication Therapy Management / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008727:Methotrexate / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008875:Middle Aged; D012074:Remission Induction / Q000379:methods; D016559:Tacrolimus / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D028761:Withholding Treatment / Q000706:statistics & numerical data
chemical_list: D018501:Antirheumatic Agents; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D000069285:Infliximab; D000068800:Etanercept; D016559:Tacrolimus; D008727:Methotrexate
keywords: Remission; rheumatoid arthritis; tacrolimus; tumor necrosis factor inhibitor