title: Patterns, Variability, and Predictors of Urinary Bisphenol A Concentrations during Childhood.
abstract: We examined the patterns, variability, and predictors of urinary bisphenol A (BPA) concentrations in 337 children from the Cincinnati, Ohio HOME Study. From 2003 to 2014, we collected two urine samples from women at 16 and 26 weeks of pregnancy and six urine samples from children at 1-5 and 8 years of age. We used linear mixed models to calculate intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) as a measure of within-person BPA variability and to identify sociodemographic and environmental predictors. For the 8-year visit, we used multivariable linear regression to explore associations between urinary BPA concentrations and exposure-related factors. We calculated daily intakes using equations estimating creatinine excretion rates and creatinine-standardized BPA concentrations. Urinary BPA concentrations, which decreased over childhood, had a low degree of reproducibility (ICC < 0.2). Estimated daily intakes decreased with age and were below the reference dose of 50 μg/kg body weight/day. BPA concentrations were positively associated with consuming food stored or heated in plastic, consuming canned food and beverages, and handling cash register receipts. Our results suggest that there are multiple sources of BPA exposure in young children. Etiological studies should collect serial urine samples to accurately classify BPA exposure and consider sociodemographic and environmental factors as possible confounders.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Brown University , Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States.
authors.forename: Shaina L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Stacy
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Brown University , Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States.
authors.forename: Melissa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Eliot
authors.affiliation: Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30341, United States.
authors.forename: Antonia M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Calafat
authors.affiliation: Division of Epidemiology, Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine , Cincinnati, Ohio 45267, United States.
authors.forename: Aimin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Child and Family Research Institute, BC Children's Hospital and the Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University , Vancouver, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada.
authors.forename: Bruce P
authors.initials: BP
authors.lastname: Lanphear
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health , Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States.
authors.forename: Russ
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hauser
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics, Brown University , Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States.
authors.forename: George D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Papandonatos
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle Children's Research Institute , Seattle, Washington 98105, United States.|Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington 98195, United States.
authors.forename: Sheela
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sathyanarayana
authors.affiliation: Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30341, United States.
authors.forename: Xiaoyun
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229, United States.
authors.forename: Kimberly
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yolton
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Brown University , Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States.
authors.forename: Joseph M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Braun
mesh_terms: D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds / Q000652:urine*; D001628:Beverages; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003296:Cooking; D003404:Creatinine; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D005260:Female; D057141:Food, Preserved; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D010636:Phenols / Q000652:urine*; D010969:Plastics; D011247:Pregnancy; D015203:Reproducibility of Results
chemical_list: D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds; D010636:Phenols; D010969:Plastics; D003404:Creatinine