title: D1FHS, the Type Strain of the Ammonia-Oxidizing Bacterium Nitrosococcus wardiae spec. nov.: Enrichment, Isolation, Phylogenetic, and Growth Physiological Characterization.
abstract: An ammonia-oxidizing bacterium, strain D1FHS, was enriched into pure culture from a sediment sample retrieved in Jiaozhou Bay, a hyper-eutrophic semi-closed water body hosting the metropolitan area of Qingdao, China. Based on initial 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain D1FHS was classified in the genus Nitrosococcus, family Chromatiaceae, order Chromatiales, class Gammaproteobacteria; the 16S rRNA gene sequence with highest level of identity to that of D1FHS was obtained from Nitrosococcus halophilus Nc4(T). The average nucleotide identity between the genomes of strain D1FHS and N. halophilus strain Nc4 is 89.5%. Known species in the genus Nitrosococcus are obligate aerobic chemolithotrophic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria adapted to and restricted to marine environments. The optimum growth (maximum nitrite production) conditions for D1FHS in a minimal salts medium are: 50 mM ammonium and 700 mM NaCl at pH of 7.5 to 8.0 and at 37°C in dark. Because pertinent conditions for other studied Nitrosococcus spp. are 100-200 mM ammonium and <700 mM NaCl at pH of 7.5 to 8.0 and at 28-32°C, D1FHS is physiologically distinct from other Nitrosococcus spp. in terms of substrate, salt, and thermal tolerance.
authors.affiliation: Evolutionary and Genomic Microbiology, Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte Charlotte, NC, USA.
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Evolutionary and Genomic Microbiology, Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte Charlotte, NC, USA.
authors.forename: Chee Kent
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science and College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen UniversityXiamen, China; Joint Research Center for Carbon Sink: The Institute of Marine Microbes and Ecospheres, Xiamen University and the Qingdao Institute of BioEnergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of SciencesQingdao, China.
authors.forename: Hongyue
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Dang
authors.affiliation: School of Marine Science and Policy, College of Earth, Ocean, and Environment, University of DelawareNewark, DE, USA; Delaware Biotechnology Institute, University of DelawareNewark, DE, USA.
authors.forename: Thomas E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Hanson
authors.affiliation: Evolutionary and Genomic Microbiology, Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Carolina at CharlotteCharlotte, NC, USA; State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science and College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen UniversityXiamen, China; Joint Research Center for Carbon Sink: The Institute of Marine Microbes and Ecospheres, Xiamen University and the Qingdao Institute of BioEnergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of SciencesQingdao, China; Evolutionary and Genomic Microbiology, Department of Biology and School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Queens College, The City University of New YorkFlushing, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Martin G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Klotz
keywords: Jiaozhou Bay; Nitrosococcus wardiae; ammonia-oxidizing bacteria; enrichment