title: Factors Associated with Adiposity, Lipid Profile Disorders and the Metabolic Syndrome Occurrence in Premenopausal and Postmenopausal Women.
abstract: The aim of the study was the assessment of the dependencies between a woman's menopausal status and adiposity, lipid profile and metabolic syndrome occurrence, as well as finding out whether the correlations between the socio-demographic profile and lifestyle elements and adiposity, lipid profile and the risk of MetS are the same before and after menopause. A cross-sectional study was carried out on 3636 women, aged between 40-59, which involved a questionnaire interview, anthropometric measurements and fasting blood samples, on the basis of which the concentration of triglycerides, cholesterol and glucose was estimated. Before menopause, a greater adiposity (BMIβ = 0.08; %BFβ = 0.07; WCβ = 0.06) was characteristic for women living in a stable relationship than for single women. Women who smoked in the past were characterized by a higher BMI (β = 0.09) and WC (β = 0.06) in comparison with women who have never smoked, while after menopause a greater adiposity (%BFβ = 0.12) and a worse lipid profile (TCβ = 0.08; LDLβ = 0.07; HDLβ = -0.05; TGβ = 0.14) were present in women currently smoking, in comparison to women who have never smoked. After menopause, in women who had two or more children, a greater adiposity (BMIβ = 0.07 and 0.09; %BFβ = 0.05 and 0.07) and a higher risk of MetS (OR = 1.22, 95%CI: 1.03-1.44) was observed compared to nulliparous women, than before menopause. In women with a higher level of education, the risk of MetS after menopause was significantly lower compared with women with a lower level of education (OR = 0.74, 95%CI: 0.61-0.90). Physical activity after menopause had a higher influence on the decrease in the women's adiposity (BMIβ = -0.11 v. -0.06; %BFβ = -0.11 v. -0.06; WCβ = -0.14 v. -0.08), than before menopause. In women not undergoing hormone replacement therapy, some of the socio-demographic factors and lifestyle elements affected adiposity, lipid profile and the risk of MetS differently before and after menopause, which requires verification through long-term research.
authors.affiliation: Department of the Prevention of Alimentary Tract Diseases, The Institute of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland.
authors.forename: Edyta
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Suliga
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery and Surgical Nursing with the Scientific Research Laboratory, The Institute of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland.
authors.forename: Dorota
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kozieł
authors.affiliation: Department of Developmental Age Research, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland.
authors.forename: Elżbieta
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Cieśla
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery and Surgical Nursing with the Scientific Research Laboratory, The Institute of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland.
authors.forename: Dorota
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rębak
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery and Surgical Nursing with the Scientific Research Laboratory, The Institute of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland.
authors.forename: Stanisław
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Głuszek
mesh_terms: D050154:Adiposity; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D017698:Postmenopause / Q000097:blood*; D017697:Premenopause / Q000097:blood*; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D014280:Triglycerides; D002784:Cholesterol