title: Longitudinal Assessment of Systemic and Genital Tract Inflammatory Markers and Endogenous Genital Tract E. coli Inhibitory Activity in HIV-Infected and Uninfected Women.
abstract: Stability over time of systemic and mucosal immunity and their associations with bacterial vaginosis (BV) and HIV-specific parameters were assessed.
  
  
  
  Immune mediators and HIV viral load in plasma and cervicovaginal lavage (CVL), E. coli inhibition, and Nugent score were measured at three semiannual visits among 94 participants in the Women's Interagency HIV Study. Mixed models identified the factors associated with immune mediators.
  
  
  
  There was higher E. coli inhibition and lower inflammation over time in the genital tract and systemically. BV was consistently associated with higher CVL inflammatory mediators and lower CVL E. coli inhibition. HIV-infected women with higher CD4 counts had lower systemic and genital inflammatory mediators, and genital HIV shedding was associated with higher CVL inflammatory mediators. Use of antiretroviral therapy (ART) was associated with lower plasma and CVL mediators, but higher E. coli inhibition.
  
  
  
  HIV and BV are linked to inflammation, and ART may be associated with improved vaginal health.
authors.affiliation: Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Marla J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Keller
authors.affiliation: Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Aileen P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: McGinn
authors.affiliation: Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Yungtai
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lo
authors.affiliation: Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Ashley
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Huber
authors.affiliation: Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Lilia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Espinoza
authors.affiliation: Maimonides Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Howard
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Minkoff
authors.affiliation: Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA.
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Colie
authors.affiliation: University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Marek J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Nowicki
authors.affiliation: Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Gypsyamber
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: D'Souza
authors.affiliation: Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Kathryn
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Anastos
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D044966:Anti-Retroviral Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D048708:Cell Growth Processes; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000276:immunology*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005836:Genitalia, Female / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000821:virology; D006678:HIV / Q000502:physiology*; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology; D006801:Humans; D018928:Immunity, Mucosal; D007249:Inflammation / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000821:virology; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000097:blood; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016585:Vaginosis, Bacterial / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology; D019562:Viral Load / Q000276:immunology; D017201:Virus Shedding / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D044966:Anti-Retroviral Agents; D016207:Cytokines; D018836:Inflammation Mediators
keywords: Bacterial vaginosis; HIV; genital tract; inflammation; mucosal immunity