title: Effects of tadalafil treatment combined with physical activity in patients with low onset hypogonadism: results from a not-randomized single arm phase 2 study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate a possible relation between penile Doppler ultrasound examination (PDUE) parameters and efficacy of chronic therapy with tadalafil (TAD) combined with a protocol of aerobic physical activity (PA) in patients with late onset hypogonadism (LOH).
  
  
  METHODS
  The study evaluated 30 patients consecutively enrolled with LOH and erectile dysfunction which present contraindication to hormonal replacement therapy for concomitant prostate disease. These patients were subjected to a combined protocol with phosphodiesterase V selective inhibitors (TAD 5 mg daily) and aerobic PA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After three months, we observed significant improvements in erectile function [IIEF-5, median (IQR) = 13.0 (7.0-18.0) versus 6.0 (5.0-6.75); p < 0.01] and of the main metabolic [homeostatic model assessment index, median (IQR) = 2.5 (1.62-3.37) versus 3.0 (2.0-3.75); p < 0.01; body mass index, median (IQR) = 27.0 (24.0-28.75) versus 27.5 (24.0-29.5)] and vascular parameters [peak systolic velocity, median (IQR) = 29.5 (24.25-31.0) versus 28.0 (23.0-24.25); acceleration time, median (IQR) = 114 (105.25-134.0) versus 115.0 (106.5-134.0)], assessed by PDUE.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PA in association with phosphodiesterase V inhibitors could compensate the effects of hypogonadism on erectile function and facilitate the clinical response to these drugs even in the absence of adequate serum concentrations of total testosterone.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine - CRAMD (Research Centre of Motor Activity and Metabolic Rehabilitation in Diabetes) , University of Catania , Catania , Italy.
authors.forename: Rosita A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Condorelli
authors.affiliation: a Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine - CRAMD (Research Centre of Motor Activity and Metabolic Rehabilitation in Diabetes) , University of Catania , Catania , Italy.
authors.forename: Aldo E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Calogero
authors.affiliation: b CRAMD (Research Centre of Motor Activity and Metabolic Rehabilitation in Diabetes), University of Catania , Catania , Italy , and.
authors.forename: Maurizio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Di Mauro
authors.affiliation: a Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine - CRAMD (Research Centre of Motor Activity and Metabolic Rehabilitation in Diabetes) , University of Catania , Catania , Italy.
authors.forename: Laura M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Mongioì
authors.affiliation: c Department of Urology , University of Catania , Catania , Italy.
authors.forename: Giorgio I
authors.initials: GI
authors.lastname: Russo
authors.affiliation: c Department of Urology , University of Catania , Catania , Italy.
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Morgia
authors.affiliation: a Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine - CRAMD (Research Centre of Motor Activity and Metabolic Rehabilitation in Diabetes) , University of Catania , Catania , Italy.
authors.forename: Sandro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: La Vignera
mesh_terms: D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D007172:Erectile Dysfunction / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology; D005058:Eunuchism / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000628:therapy*; D005081:Exercise Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D058986:Phosphodiesterase 5 Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000068581:Tadalafil / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013739:Testosterone / Q000097:blood / Q000172:deficiency
chemical_list: D058986:Phosphodiesterase 5 Inhibitors; D013739:Testosterone; D000068581:Tadalafil; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone
keywords: Erectile dysfunction; LOH; PDE5i; penile Doppler; physical activity