title: Serum biochemical and non-specific immune responses of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) to dietary nucleotide and chronic stress.
abstract: The aim of the present study was to investigate whether supplementary nucleotide "Optimun" mitigates the adverse effects of chronic overcrowding in Oncorhynchus mykiss. Two experimental diets [control and nucleotide-supplemented (0.2 %)] and two rearing densities (10 and 30 kg m(-3)) were combined to have four experimental treatments. The fish were reared for 45 days under different densities using different diets. At the end of the trial, FCR of the fish in higher density was significantly higher than those of the lower density. Nucleotide had no significant effects on growth performance and survival rate. Supplemented nucleotide significantly increased blood hematocrit, whereas it decreased serum total protein, total immunoglobulin (Ig) and creatinine. Overcrowding significantly increased serum glucose and total protein level and decreased serum lysozyme activity, but supplemented nucleotide produced no improvement in these items. No significant effect of overcrowding and dietary nucleotide was observed on serum cortisol. Supplemented nucleotide significantly increased serum urea under low stocking density. Overall, the results showed that 0.2 % "Optimun" had no positive effects on rainbow trout and also caused some immunological and metabolic problems. These findings are not in accordance with those obtained in the same species, with same nucleotide source and level, but acute stress; thus, further studies are encouraged on this topic.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Medicine, Agrotechnical Institute, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia.
authors.forename: Morteza
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yousefi
authors.affiliation: Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran.
authors.forename: Mehdi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Paktinat
authors.affiliation: Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Noor, Iran.
authors.forename: Nemat
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mahmoudi
authors.affiliation: Departament of Zoology, University of Granada, Campus de Fuentenueva, 18071, Granada, Spain.|Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Faculty of Science, University of Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: Amalia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pérez-Jiménez
authors.affiliation: Inland Waters Aquatic Stocks Research Center, Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute, POB 139, Gorgan, Iran. seyyedmorteza.hoseini@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Seyyed Morteza
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Hoseini
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D001798:Blood Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D029941:Fish Proteins / Q000097:blood; D006400:Hematocrit; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000097:blood; D007136:Immunoglobulins / Q000097:blood; D009113:Muramidase / Q000097:blood; D009711:Nucleotides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017686:Oncorhynchus mykiss / Q000097:blood / Q000254:growth & development / Q000276:immunology; D011156:Population Density; D013312:Stress, Physiological / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology; D014508:Urea / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D001798:Blood Proteins; D029941:Fish Proteins; D007136:Immunoglobulins; D009711:Nucleotides; D014508:Urea; D003404:Creatinine; D009113:Muramidase; D006854:Hydrocortisone
keywords: Biochemistry; Humoral immunity; Nucleotide; Physiology; Stress; Welfare