title: Postmenopausal hypertension, abdominal obesity, apolipoprotein and insulin resistance.
abstract: This study aimed to evaluate the association of abdominal obesity, apolipoprotein and insulin resistance (IR) with the risk of hypertension in postmenopausal women. We analyzed a total of 242 women aged between 35 and 70 years. Blood pressure (BP), anthropometric indices, lipid profile, fasting glucose, insulin, C-reactive protein (CRP) and apolipoprotein concentrations were measured. Homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) was used to assess IR. Hypertension was defined as a systolic BP (SBP) ≥140 mmHg and/or diastolic BP (DBP) ≥90 mmHg or current treatment with antihypertensive drugs. Women with hypertension showed significantly higher mean values of age, SBP and DBP, waist circumference (WC), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), insulin, HOMAIR and the apolipoprotein B (apoB). When analyses were done according to the menopausal status, higher prevalence of hypertension was observed in postmenopausal women (72.8% vs. 26.0%, p < 0.001) compared to their premenopausal counterparts. Postmenopausal women showed also significantly higher mean values of SBP and DBP, WC, HOMAIR and apoB. Multivariate linear regression analysis revealed that SBP was significantly affected by WC (p = 0.034), apoB (p = 0.038) and log HOMAIR (p = 0.007) in postmenopausal women. The interaction models revealed significant interaction between WC, apoB and log HOMAIR (WC×apoB×log HOMAIR) on SBP (p = 0.001) adjusted for age. In a multivariate logistic regression, adjusting for age and apoB, WC (p = 0.001), log HOMAIR (p = 0.007) and menopause (p = 0.008) were significantly associated with higher risk for hypertension. These results suggest that changes in WC, apoB and IR accompanying menopause lead to a greater prevalence of hypertension in postmenopausal women.
authors.affiliation: a Laboratory of Epidemiology and Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease , Faculty of Medicine , Tunis , Tunisia.
authors.forename: Samir
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ben Ali
authors.affiliation: a Laboratory of Epidemiology and Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease , Faculty of Medicine , Tunis , Tunisia.
authors.forename: Hanen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Belfki-Benali
authors.affiliation: b Center of Basic Health Care of Ariana Essoghra , Tunis , Tunisia.
authors.forename: Decy Ben
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Ahmed
authors.affiliation: b Center of Basic Health Care of Ariana Essoghra , Tunis , Tunisia.
authors.forename: Najet
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Haddad
authors.affiliation: c Laboratory of Medical Biology, Mahmoud El-Matri Hospital of Ariana , Tunis , Tunisia.
authors.forename: Awatef
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jmal
authors.affiliation: c Laboratory of Medical Biology, Mahmoud El-Matri Hospital of Ariana , Tunis , Tunisia.
authors.forename: Monia
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Abdennebi
authors.affiliation: a Laboratory of Epidemiology and Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease , Faculty of Medicine , Tunis , Tunisia.
authors.forename: Habiba Ben
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Romdhane
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000886:Anthropometry / Q000379:methods; D001055:Apolipoproteins B / Q000378:metabolism*; D001795:Blood Pressure Determination; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000378:metabolism; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000502:physiology*; D016015:Logistic Models; D008875:Middle Aged; D056128:Obesity, Abdominal / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000378:metabolism; D017698:Postmenopause / Q000502:physiology*; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D014416:Tunisia / Q000453:epidemiology; D055105:Waist Circumference
chemical_list: D001055:Apolipoproteins B; D002097:C-Reactive Protein
keywords: Abdominal obesity; apolipoprotein; hypertension; insulin resistance; menopause