title: Lactation and Maternal Cardio-Metabolic Health.
abstract: Researchers hypothesize that pregnancy and lactation are part of a continuum, with lactation meant to "reset" the adverse metabolic profile that develops as a part of normal pregnancy, and that when lactation does not occur, women maintain an elevated risk of cardio-metabolic diseases. Several large prospective and retrospective studies, mostly from the United States and other industrialized countries, have examined the associations between lactation and cardio-metabolic outcomes. Less evidence exists regarding an association of lactation with maternal postpartum weight status and dyslipidemia, whereas more evidence exists for an association with diabetes, hypertension, and subclinical and clinical cardiovascular disease.
authors.affiliation: Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30341; email: cperrine@cdc.gov.
authors.forename: Cria G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Perrine
authors.affiliation: Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30341; email: cperrine@cdc.gov.
authors.forename: Jennifer M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Nelson
authors.affiliation: Division of General Internal Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213.
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Corbelli
authors.affiliation: Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30341; email: cperrine@cdc.gov.
authors.forename: Kelley S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Scanlon
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D016640:Diabetes, Gestational / Q000503:physiopathology; D050171:Dyslipidemias / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D007774:Lactation; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D050177:Overweight / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D011247:Pregnancy; D012307:Risk Factors
keywords: breastfeeding; cardiovascular disease; diabetes; dyslipidemia; hypertension; metabolic syndrome