title: Doppler ultrasound findings in a patient with primary infertility and triorchidism.
abstract: Polyorchidism, presence of more than two testes in a scrotum, is a rare clinical entity. To date, about 200 cases have been reported in the literature. We report a case of triorchidism in a patient presenting with a 7-year history of primary infertility. Clinical examination revealed two completely separate testes with two separate epididymides and single vas suggesting a complete division of the genital ridge and partial duplication of the vas deferens. In our patient, the clinical picture together with ultrasound findings were characteristic enough to exclude other diagnoses, allowing conservative management. We also present the Doppler ultrasound findings of this rare condition, which may be helpful for comparison in patients with triorchidism who present with testicular torsion.
authors.affiliation: Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Wajahat
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Aziz
authors.affiliation: Department of Andrology, Fatima Memorial Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Khaleeq Ur
authors.initials: KU
authors.lastname: Rehman
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Fatima Memorial Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Muhammad Zafar
authors.initials: MZ
authors.lastname: Rafique
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009845:Oligospermia / Q000209:etiology*; D013737:Testis / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D018615:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color / Q000379:methods*