title: Effectiveness of group body psychotherapy for negative symptoms of schizophrenia: multicentre randomised controlled trial.
abstract: Negative symptoms of schizophrenia have a severe impact on functional outcomes and treatment options are limited. Arts therapies are currently recommended but more evidence is required.
  
  
  
  To assess body psychotherapy as a treatment for negative symptoms compared with an active control (trial registration: ISRCTN84216587).
  
  
  
  Schizophrenia out-patients were randomised into a 20-session body psychotherapy or Pilates group. The primary outcome was negative symptoms at end of treatment. Secondary outcomes included psychopathology, functional, social and treatment satisfaction outcomes at treatment end and 6-months later.
  
  
  
  In total, 275 participants were randomised. The adjusted difference in negative symptoms was 0.03 (95% CI -1.11 to 1.17), indicating no benefit from body psychotherapy. Small improvements in expressive deficits and movement disorder symptoms were detected in favour of body psychotherapy. No other outcomes were significantly different.
  
  
  
  Body psychotherapy does not have a clinically relevant beneficial effect in the treatment of patients with negative symptoms of schizophrenia.
authors.affiliation: S. Priebe, FRCPsych, M. Savill, PhD, Unit for Social and Community Psychiatry, WHO Collaborative Centre for Mental Health Services Development, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK; T. Wykes, PhD, Institute of Psychiatry, Kings College London, London, UK; R. P. Bentall, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK; U. Reininghaus, MSc, DiplPsych, Institute of Psychiatry, Kings College London, London, UK and Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, The Netherlands; C. Lauber, MD, Services Psychiatriques, Jura Bernois - Bienne-Seeland, Bellelay, Switzerland; S. Bremner, PhD, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK; S. Eldridge, MSc, Centre for Primary Care and Public Health, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK; F. Röhricht, MD, MRCPsych, Unit for Social and Community Psychiatry, WHO Collaborative Centre for Mental Health Services Development, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK s.priebe@qmul.ac.uk.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Priebe
authors.affiliation: S. Priebe, FRCPsych, M. Savill, PhD, Unit for Social and Community Psychiatry, WHO Collaborative Centre for Mental Health Services Development, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK; T. Wykes, PhD, Institute of Psychiatry, Kings College London, London, UK; R. P. Bentall, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK; U. Reininghaus, MSc, DiplPsych, Institute of Psychiatry, Kings College London, London, UK and Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, The Netherlands; C. Lauber, MD, Services Psychiatriques, Jura Bernois - Bienne-Seeland, Bellelay, Switzerland; S. Bremner, PhD, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK; S. Eldridge, MSc, Centre for Primary Care and Public Health, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK; F. Röhricht, MD, MRCPsych, Unit for Social and Community Psychiatry, WHO Collaborative Centre for Mental Health Services Development, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Savill
authors.affiliation: S. Priebe, FRCPsych, M. Savill, PhD, Unit for Social and Community Psychiatry, WHO Collaborative Centre for Mental Health Services Development, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK; T. Wykes, PhD, Institute of Psychiatry, Kings College London, London, UK; R. P. Bentall, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK; U. Reininghaus, MSc, DiplPsych, Institute of Psychiatry, Kings College London, London, UK and Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, The Netherlands; C. Lauber, MD, Services Psychiatriques, Jura Bernois - Bienne-Seeland, Bellelay, Switzerland; S. Bremner, PhD, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK; S. Eldridge, MSc, Centre for Primary Care and Public Health, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK; F. Röhricht, MD, MRCPsych, Unit for Social and Community Psychiatry, WHO Collaborative Centre for Mental Health Services Development, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wykes
authors.affiliation: S. Priebe, FRCPsych, M. Savill, PhD, Unit for Social and Community Psychiatry, WHO Collaborative Centre for Mental Health Services Development, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK; T. Wykes, PhD, Institute of Psychiatry, Kings College London, London, UK; R. P. Bentall, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK; U. Reininghaus, MSc, DiplPsych, Institute of Psychiatry, Kings College London, London, UK and Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, The Netherlands; C. Lauber, MD, Services Psychiatriques, Jura Bernois - Bienne-Seeland, Bellelay, Switzerland; S. Bremner, PhD, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK; S. Eldridge, MSc, Centre for Primary Care and Public Health, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK; F. Röhricht, MD, MRCPsych, Unit for Social and Community Psychiatry, WHO Collaborative Centre for Mental Health Services Development, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
authors.forename: R P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Bentall
authors.affiliation: S. Priebe, FRCPsych, M. Savill, PhD, Unit for Social and Community Psychiatry, WHO Collaborative Centre for Mental Health Services Development, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK; T. Wykes, PhD, Institute of Psychiatry, Kings College London, London, UK; R. P. Bentall, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK; U. Reininghaus, MSc, DiplPsych, Institute of Psychiatry, Kings College London, London, UK and Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, The Netherlands; C. Lauber, MD, Services Psychiatriques, Jura Bernois - Bienne-Seeland, Bellelay, Switzerland; S. Bremner, PhD, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK; S. Eldridge, MSc, Centre for Primary Care and Public Health, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK; F. Röhricht, MD, MRCPsych, Unit for Social and Community Psychiatry, WHO Collaborative Centre for Mental Health Services Development, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Reininghaus
authors.affiliation: S. Priebe, FRCPsych, M. Savill, PhD, Unit for Social and Community Psychiatry, WHO Collaborative Centre for Mental Health Services Development, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK; T. Wykes, PhD, Institute of Psychiatry, Kings College London, London, UK; R. P. Bentall, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK; U. Reininghaus, MSc, DiplPsych, Institute of Psychiatry, Kings College London, London, UK and Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, The Netherlands; C. Lauber, MD, Services Psychiatriques, Jura Bernois - Bienne-Seeland, Bellelay, Switzerland; S. Bremner, PhD, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK; S. Eldridge, MSc, Centre for Primary Care and Public Health, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK; F. Röhricht, MD, MRCPsych, Unit for Social and Community Psychiatry, WHO Collaborative Centre for Mental Health Services Development, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lauber
authors.affiliation: S. Priebe, FRCPsych, M. Savill, PhD, Unit for Social and Community Psychiatry, WHO Collaborative Centre for Mental Health Services Development, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK; T. Wykes, PhD, Institute of Psychiatry, Kings College London, London, UK; R. P. Bentall, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK; U. Reininghaus, MSc, DiplPsych, Institute of Psychiatry, Kings College London, London, UK and Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, The Netherlands; C. Lauber, MD, Services Psychiatriques, Jura Bernois - Bienne-Seeland, Bellelay, Switzerland; S. Bremner, PhD, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK; S. Eldridge, MSc, Centre for Primary Care and Public Health, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK; F. Röhricht, MD, MRCPsych, Unit for Social and Community Psychiatry, WHO Collaborative Centre for Mental Health Services Development, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bremner
authors.affiliation: S. Priebe, FRCPsych, M. Savill, PhD, Unit for Social and Community Psychiatry, WHO Collaborative Centre for Mental Health Services Development, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK; T. Wykes, PhD, Institute of Psychiatry, Kings College London, London, UK; R. P. Bentall, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK; U. Reininghaus, MSc, DiplPsych, Institute of Psychiatry, Kings College London, London, UK and Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, The Netherlands; C. Lauber, MD, Services Psychiatriques, Jura Bernois - Bienne-Seeland, Bellelay, Switzerland; S. Bremner, PhD, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK; S. Eldridge, MSc, Centre for Primary Care and Public Health, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK; F. Röhricht, MD, MRCPsych, Unit for Social and Community Psychiatry, WHO Collaborative Centre for Mental Health Services Development, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Eldridge
authors.affiliation: S. Priebe, FRCPsych, M. Savill, PhD, Unit for Social and Community Psychiatry, WHO Collaborative Centre for Mental Health Services Development, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK; T. Wykes, PhD, Institute of Psychiatry, Kings College London, London, UK; R. P. Bentall, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK; U. Reininghaus, MSc, DiplPsych, Institute of Psychiatry, Kings College London, London, UK and Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, The Netherlands; C. Lauber, MD, Services Psychiatriques, Jura Bernois - Bienne-Seeland, Bellelay, Switzerland; S. Bremner, PhD, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK; S. Eldridge, MSc, Centre for Primary Care and Public Health, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK; F. Röhricht, MD, MRCPsych, Unit for Social and Community Psychiatry, WHO Collaborative Centre for Mental Health Services Development, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Röhricht
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D026241:Exercise Movement Techniques; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D011615:Psychotherapy, Group / Q000379:methods*; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000628:therapy*