title: The performance of ammonium exchanged zeolite for the biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons migrating in soil water.
abstract: Nitrogen deficiency has been identified as the main inhibiting factor for biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons in low nutrient environments. This study examines the performance of ammonium exchanged zeolite to enhance biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons migrating in soil water within laboratory scale flow cells. Biofilm formation and biodegradation were accelerated by the exchange of cations in soil water with ammonium in the pores of the exchanged zeolite when compared with natural zeolite flow cells. These results have implications for sequenced permeable reactive barrier design and the longevity of media performance within such barriers at petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated sites deficient in essential soil nutrients.
authors.affiliation: Particulate Fluids Processing Centre, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia; Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia.
authors.forename: Benjamin L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Freidman
authors.affiliation: Particulate Fluids Processing Centre, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia; Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia; The ARC Dairy Innovation Hub, The University of Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia.
authors.forename: Sally L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Gras
authors.affiliation: Australian Antarctic Division, Channel Highway, Kingston, Tasmania 7050, Australia.
authors.forename: Ian
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Snape
authors.affiliation: Particulate Fluids Processing Centre, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia.
authors.forename: Geoff W
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Stevens
authors.affiliation: Particulate Fluids Processing Centre, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia. Electronic address: mumfordk@unimelb.edu.au.
authors.forename: Kathryn A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Mumford
mesh_terms: D064751:Ammonium Compounds / Q000737:chemistry*; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D006838:Hydrocarbons / Q000378:metabolism*; D010578:Petroleum; D059392:Petroleum Pollution; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry; D012988:Soil Microbiology; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000378:metabolism*; D014867:Water; D017641:Zeolites / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D064751:Ammonium Compounds; D006838:Hydrocarbons; D010578:Petroleum; D012987:Soil; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D014867:Water; D017641:Zeolites
keywords: Ammonium; Antarctica; Biofilm; Degradation; Diesel