title: Education on, Exposure to, and Management of Vascular Anomalies During Otolaryngology Residency and Pediatric Otolaryngology Fellowship.
abstract: The field of vascular anomalies presents diverse challenges in diagnosis and management. Although many lesions involve the head and neck, training in vascular anomalies is not universally included in otolaryngology residencies and pediatric otolaryngology (POTO) fellowships.
  
  
  
  To explore the education in, exposure to, and comfort level of otolaryngology trainees with vascular anomalies.
  
  
  
  A survey was distributed to 39 POTO fellows and 44 residents in postgraduate year 5 who matched into POTO fellowships from April 22 through June 16, 2014.
  
  
  
  Survey responses from trainees on exposure to, education on, and comfort with vascular anomalies.
  
  
  
  Forty-four residents in postgraduate year 5 who applied to POTO fellowships and 39 POTO fellows were emailed the survey. Fourteen respondents were unable to be contacted owing to lack of a current email address. Thirty-six of 69 residents and fellows (18 fellows and 18 residents [52%]) responded to the survey. Twenty-seven trainees (75%) reported no participation in a vascular anomalies clinic during residency; 6 of these 27 individuals (22%) trained at institutions with a vascular anomalies clinic but did not participate in the clinic, and 28 of the 36 respondents (78%) reported that they had less than adequate or no exposure to vascular anomalies in residency. Among POTO fellows, 11 of 17 (65%) did not participate in a vascular anomalies clinic during fellowship, even though 8 of the 11 had a vascular anomalies clinic at their fellowship program. During fellowship training, 12 of 18 fellows (67%) reported that they had adequate exposure to vascular anomalies. Only 20 respondents (56%) felt comfortable distinguishing among diagnoses of vascular anomalies, and only 4 residents (22%) and 9 fellows (50%) felt comfortable treating patients with vascular anomalies. All fellows believed that training in vascular anomalies was important in fellowship, and 100% of respondents indicated that increased exposure to diagnosis and management of vascular anomalies would have been beneficial to their ability to care for patients.
  
  
  
  These data indicate that most otolaryngology trainees do not receive formal training in vascular anomalies in residency and that such training is valued among graduating trainees. Conversely, most POTO fellows felt their exposure was adequate and 50% of fellows felt comfortable treating vascular anomalies. However, 65% of POTO fellows had no participation in a vascular anomalies clinic, where many patients are managed by a multidisciplinary team. This finding may indicate that POTO fellows may have a false sense of confidence in managing patients with vascular anomalies and that residency and fellowship programs may consider changes in didactic and clinical programs.
authors.affiliation: Medical College of Wisconsin, Department of Otolaryngology, Children's Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Chun
authors.affiliation: Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
authors.forename: Noel
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Jabbour
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.
authors.forename: Karthik
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Balakrishnan
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, George Washington University, Washington, DC.
authors.forename: Nancy
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Bauman
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk.
authors.forename: David H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Darrow
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, Dayton Children's Hospital, Dayton, Ohio.
authors.forename: Ravindhra
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Elluru
authors.affiliation: Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Primary Children's Hospital, University of Utah Health Sciences, Salt Lake City.
authors.forename: J Fredrik
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Grimmer
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, Washington University, St Louis, Missouri.
authors.forename: Jonathan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Perkins
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville.
authors.forename: Gresham
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Richter
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shin
mesh_terms: D002983:Clinical Competence; D005257:Fellowships and Scholarships; D006801:Humans; D007396:Internship and Residency; D010036:Otolaryngology / Q000193:education*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014481:United States; D054079:Vascular Malformations / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy