title: Noxious heat threshold temperature and pronociceptive effects of allyl isothiocyanate (mustard oil) in TRPV1 or TRPA1 gene-deleted mice.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the roles of TRPV1 and TRPA1 channels in baseline and allyl isothiocyanate (AITC)-evoked nociceptive responses by comparing wild-type and gene-deficient mice.
  
  
  METHODS
  In contrast to conventional methods of thermonociception measuring reflex latencies, we used our novel methods to determine the noxious heat threshold.
  
  
  RESULTS
  It was revealed that the heat threshold of the tail measured by an increasing-temperature water bath is significantly higher in TRPV1(-/-), but not TRPA1(-/-), mice compared to respective wild-types. There was no difference between the noxious heat thresholds of the hind paw as measured by an increasing-temperature hot plate in TRPV1(-/-), TRPA1(-/-) and the corresponding wild-type mice. The withdrawal latency of the tail from 0°C water was prolonged in TRPA1(-/-), but not TRPV1(-/-), mice compared to respective wild-types. In wild-type animals, dipping the tail or paw into 1% AITC induced an 8-14°C drop of the noxious heat threshold (heat allodynia) of both the tail and paw, and 40-50% drop of the mechanonociceptive threshold (mechanical allodynia) of the paw measured by dynamic plantar esthesiometry. These AITC-evoked responses were diminished in TRPV1(-/-), but not TRPA1(-/-), mice. Tail withdrawal latency to 1% AITC was significantly prolonged in both gene-deleted strains.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Different heat sensors determine the noxious heat threshold in distinct areas: a pivotal role for TRPV1 on the tail is contrasted with no involvement of either TRPV1 or TRPA1 on the hind paw. Noxious heat threshold measurement appears appropriate for preclinical screening of TRP channel ligands as novel analgesics.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Pharemacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Pécs, Szigeti u. 12, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary; János Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Ifjúság u. 34, H-7634 Pécs, Hungary.
authors.forename: Valéria
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Tékus
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Pharemacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Pécs, Szigeti u. 12, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary; János Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Ifjúság u. 34, H-7634 Pécs, Hungary.
authors.forename: Ádám
authors.initials: Á
authors.lastname: Horváth
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Pharemacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Pécs, Szigeti u. 12, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary; János Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Ifjúság u. 34, H-7634 Pécs, Hungary.
authors.forename: Zsófia
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Hajna
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Pharemacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Pécs, Szigeti u. 12, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary; János Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Ifjúság u. 34, H-7634 Pécs, Hungary.
authors.forename: Éva
authors.initials: É
authors.lastname: Borbély
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Pharemacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Pécs, Szigeti u. 12, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary; János Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Ifjúság u. 34, H-7634 Pécs, Hungary.
authors.forename: Kata
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bölcskei
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Pharemacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Pécs, Szigeti u. 12, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary; János Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Ifjúság u. 34, H-7634 Pécs, Hungary.
authors.forename: Melinda
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Boros
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Pharemacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Pécs, Szigeti u. 12, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary; PharmInVivo Ltd., Szondi György u. 10, H-7629 Pécs, Hungary.
authors.forename: Erika
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Pintér
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Pharemacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Pécs, Szigeti u. 12, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary; MTA-PTE NAP B Pain Research Group & Center for Neuroscience, University of Pécs Medical School, Szigeti u. 12, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary; János Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Ifjúság u. 34, H-7634 Pécs, Hungary; PharmInVivo Ltd., Szondi György u. 10, H-7629 Pécs, Hungary.
authors.forename: Zsuzsanna
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Helyes
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Pharemacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Pécs, Szigeti u. 12, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary. Electronic address: gabor.petho@aok.pte.hu.
authors.forename: Gábor
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pethő
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Pharemacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Pécs, Szigeti u. 12, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary; PharmInVivo Ltd., Szondi György u. 10, H-7629 Pécs, Hungary.
authors.forename: János
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Szolcsányi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D006358:Hot Temperature; D017879:Isothiocyanates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D000074025:TRPA1 Cation Channel; D050916:TRPV Cation Channels / Q000235:genetics*; D050051:Transient Receptor Potential Channels / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D017879:Isothiocyanates; D000074025:TRPA1 Cation Channel; D050916:TRPV Cation Channels; C493921:TRPV1 protein, mouse; D050051:Transient Receptor Potential Channels; C475685:Trpa1 protein, mouse; C004471:allyl isothiocyanate
keywords: Allodynia; Mustard oil; Noxious heat threshold; TRPA1; TRPV1