title: A highly selective near-infrared fluorescent probe for carboxylesterase 2 and its bioimaging applications in living cells and animals.
abstract: A near-infrared fluorescent probe (DDAB) for highly selective and sensitive detection of carboxylesterase 2 (CE2) has been designed, synthesized, and systematically studied both in vitro and in vivo. Upon addition of CE2, the ester bond of DDAB could be rapidly cleaved and then release a near-infrared (NIR) fluorophore DDAO, which brings a remarkable yellow-to-blue color change and strong NIR fluorescence emission in physiological solutions. The newly developed probe exhibits excellent properties including good specificity, ultrahigh sensitivity and high imaging resolution. Moreover, DDAB has been applied to measure the real activities of CE2 in complex biological samples, as well as to screen CE2 inhibitors by using tissue preparations as the enzymes sources. The probe has also been successfully used to detect endogenous CE2 in living cells and in vivo for the first time, and the results demonstrate that such detection is highly reliable. All these prominent features of DDAB make it holds great promise for further investigation on CE2-associated biological process and for exploring the physiological functions of CE2 in living systems.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Resource Discovery, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
authors.forename: Qiang
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Resource Discovery, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China.
authors.forename: Dan-Dan
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Resource Discovery, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China.
authors.forename: Jing-Jing
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China; Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China.
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hou
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Resource Discovery, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China.
authors.forename: Zi-Ru
authors.initials: ZR
authors.lastname: Dai
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
authors.forename: Shi-Guo
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Resource Discovery, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China.
authors.forename: Jia-Yue
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Resource Discovery, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China; State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China. Electronic address: geguangbo@dicp.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Guang-Bo
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Ge
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China. Electronic address: jncui@dlut.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Jing-Nan
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Resource Discovery, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China. Electronic address: ylingdicp@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Ling
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015374:Biosensing Techniques / Q000379:methods; D043182:Carboxylesterase / Q000032:analysis*; D002265:Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases / Q000032:analysis*; D002460:Cell Line; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes / Q000737:chemistry*; D056945:Hep G2 Cells; D006801:Humans; D007259:Infrared Rays; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008819:Mice, Nude; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal / Q000379:methods; D061848:Optical Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D051598:Whole Body Imaging / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D002265:Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases; C517204:CES2 protein, human; D043182:Carboxylesterase; C500145:Ces2c protein, mouse
keywords: Bioimaging; Carboxylesterase 2; Enzymatic activity; NIR fluorescent probe; Specific detection