title: Altered structural connectivity is related to attention deficit/hyperactivity subtypes: A DTI study.
abstract: This study aimed to provide novel insights into the white matter (WM) microstructural properties of Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) subtypes by recruiting a relatively large sample of stimulant-naïve children and adolescents who had no comorbidity other than Oppositional Defiant Disorder and were homogenous according to the DAT1 gene polymorphism. A sample of 72 ADHD subjects and 24 controls aged 8-15 years were enrolled in the study. We applied tract-based spatial statistics to the DTI measures for obtaining fractional anisotropy (FA) and axial, radial diffusivity (AD, RD) measures to explore ADHD type-related differences in WM for the whole brain. Comparing ADHD-Combined group (ADHD-C) with the ADHD predominantly inattentive group (ADHD-I) we detected increased RD in several bilateral brain area and increased AD mostly in left side of the brain, including the body and splenium of the corpus callosum; the anterior and posteriors limbs of the internal capsule; the superior, anterior and posterior corona radiata; the posterior thalamic radiation; and the superior longitudinal fasciculus. Likewise, mostly in the overlapping brain areas, the ADHD-C group presented increased AD values than ADHD-RI. Significant differences among ADHD types could be a preliminary evidence that they have distinct microstructural properties. There were no significant differences in diffusivity between controls and both the ADHD group as whole or any ADHD subgroups.
authors.affiliation: Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Medical Faculty, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey. Electronic address: eyercan@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Eyup Sabri
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Ercan
authors.affiliation: Hospital for Psychiatry, Samsun, Turkey.
authors.forename: Serkan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Suren
authors.affiliation: Children Hospital, Gaziantep, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bacanlı
authors.affiliation: Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Medical Faculty, Fırat University, Elazığ, Turkey.
authors.forename: Kemal Utku
authors.initials: KU
authors.lastname: Yazıcı
authors.affiliation: Radiology Department, Medical Faculty, Ege University, Turkey.
authors.forename: Cem
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Callı
authors.affiliation: Denizli State Hospital, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Denizli, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ulku Akyol
authors.initials: UA
authors.lastname: Ardic
authors.affiliation: Medical Biology Department, Medical Faculty, Ege University, Turkey.
authors.forename: Duygu
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Aygunes
authors.affiliation: Medical Biology Department, Medical Faculty, Ege University, Turkey.
authors.forename: Buket
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kosova
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Bogazici University, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Onur
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Ozyurt
authors.affiliation: Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Medical Faculty, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey.
authors.forename: Cahide
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Aydın
authors.affiliation: ADHD Outpatient Program, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents, Brazil.
authors.forename: Luis Augusto
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Rohde
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D016880:Anisotropy; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D001921:Brain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D002648:Child; D056324:Diffusion Tensor Imaging; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009415:Nerve Net / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D066127:White Matter / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*
keywords: ADHD; DTI; Imaging; Neuropsychology; White mater