title: Associations of prenatal exposure to five chlorophenols with adverse birth outcomes.
abstract: Exposures to chlorophenols (CPs) have been linked with adverse health effects on wildlife and humans. This study aimed to evaluate prenatal exposure to five CP compounds using maternal urinary concentrations during pregnancy and the potential associations with birth outcomes of their infants at birth. A total of 1100 mother-newborn pairs were recruited during June 2009 to January 2010 in an agricultural region, China. Urinary concentrations of five CPs from dichlorophenol (DCP) to pentachlorophenol (PCP), namely, 2,5-DCP, 2,4-DCP, 2,4,5-trichlorophenol (2,4,5-TCP), 2,4,6-TCP and PCP, were measured using large-volume-injection gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LVI-GC-MS-MS), and associations between CP levels and weight, length as well as head circumference at birth were examined. Median urinary creatinine-adjusted concentrations of 2,5-DCP, 2,4-DCP, 2,4,5-TCP, 2,4,6-TCP and PCP were 3.34 μg/g, 1.03 μg/g, < LOD, 1.78 μg/g and 0.39 μg/g creatinine, respectively. We found lower birth weight 30 g [95% confidence interval (CI): -57, -3; p = 0.03] for per SD increase in log10-transformed concentrations of 2,4,6-TCP and lower birth weight 37 g (95% CI: -64, -10; p = 0.04) for PCP, respectively. Similarly, head circumference decrease in associations with creatinine-corrected 2,4,6-TCP and PCP concentrations were also achieved. Considering sex difference, the associations of lower birth weight were only found among male neonates, while head circumference was associated with 2,4-DCP and 2,5-DCP only found among female neonates. This study showed significant negative associations between CPs exposure and reduction in neonatal anthropometric measures. The biological mechanisms concerning CPs exposure on fetal growth deserved further investigations.
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Social Risks Governance in Health, Fudan University, No.130 Dong'an Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.
authors.forename: Jianqiu
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Social Risks Governance in Health, Fudan University, No.130 Dong'an Road, Shanghai, 200032, China. Electronic address: chwu@shmu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Chunhua
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Social Risks Governance in Health, Fudan University, No.130 Dong'an Road, Shanghai, 200032, China; Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 1380 Zhongshan West Road, Shanghai, 200336, China.
authors.forename: Shenliang
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lv
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Social Risks Governance in Health, Fudan University, No.130 Dong'an Road, Shanghai, 200032, China; Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 1380 Zhongshan West Road, Shanghai, 200336, China.
authors.forename: Dasheng
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 1380 Zhongshan West Road, Shanghai, 200336, China.
authors.forename: Chao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Social Risks Governance in Health, Fudan University, No.130 Dong'an Road, Shanghai, 200032, China; Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 3399, Binsheng Road, Hangzhou, 310051, China.
authors.forename: Xiaojuan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Qi
authors.affiliation: Changning District, Shanghai Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No.39 Yunwushan Road, Shanghai, 200051, China.
authors.forename: Weijiu
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Social Risks Governance in Health, Fudan University, No.130 Dong'an Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.
authors.forename: Xiuli
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Changning District, Shanghai Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No.39 Yunwushan Road, Shanghai, 200051, China.
authors.forename: Hao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 1380 Zhongshan West Road, Shanghai, 200336, China.
authors.forename: Guoquan
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Social Risks Governance in Health, Fudan University, No.130 Dong'an Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.
authors.forename: Zhijun
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhou
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001724:Birth Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D001827:Body Height / Q000187:drug effects; D002681:China; D002733:Chlorophenols / Q000633:toxicity* / Q000652:urine; D005260:Female; D047109:Fetal Development / Q000187:drug effects*; D006257:Head / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D018811:Maternal Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008431:Maternal-Fetal Exchange; D008875:Middle Aged; D011247:Pregnancy; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D002733:Chlorophenols
keywords: Birth outcomes; Chlorophenols; Newborns; Prenatal exposure; Urine