title: Mindfulness for Motor and Nonmotor Dysfunctions in Parkinson's Disease.
abstract: Background. Motor and nonmotor symptoms negatively influence Parkinson's disease (PD) patients' quality of life. Mindfulness interventions have been a recent focus in PD. The present study explores effectiveness of a manualized group mindfulness intervention tailored for PD in improving both motor and neuropsychiatric deficits in PD. Methods. Fourteen PD patients completed an 8-week mindfulness intervention that included 6 sessions. The Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ), Geriatric Anxiety Inventory, Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, PD Cognitive Rating Scale, Unified PD Rating Scale, PD Quality of Life Questionnaire, and Outcome Questionnaire (OQ-45) were administered before and after the intervention. Participants also completed the FFMQ-15 at each session. Gains at postassessment and at 6-month follow-up were compared to baseline using paired t-tests and Wilcoxon nonparametric tests. Results. A significant increase in FFMQ-Observe subscale, a reduction in anxiety, depression, and OQ-45 symptom distress, an increase in PDCRS-Subcortical scores, and an improvement in postural instability, gait, and rigidity motor symptoms were observed at postassessment. Gains for the PDCRS were sustained at follow-up. Conclusion. The mindfulness intervention tailored for PD is associated with reduced anxiety and depression and improved cognitive and motor functioning. A randomised controlled trial using a large sample of PD patients is warranted.
authors.affiliation: UQ Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia; School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4067, Australia; Neurology Research Centre, Royal Brisbane & Women's Hospital, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia.
authors.forename: Nadeeka N W
authors.initials: NN
authors.lastname: Dissanayaka
authors.affiliation: UQ Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia; School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4067, Australia.
authors.forename: Farah
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Idu Jion
authors.affiliation: School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4067, Australia.
authors.forename: Nancy A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Pachana
authors.affiliation: Neurology Research Centre, Royal Brisbane & Women's Hospital, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia; School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Royal Brisbane & Women's Hospital, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia.
authors.forename: John D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: O'Sullivan
authors.affiliation: UQ Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia; Mental Health Service, Royal Brisbane & Women's Hospital, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia.
authors.forename: Rodney
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Marsh
authors.affiliation: UQ Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia; School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Royal Brisbane & Women's Hospital, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia; Mental Health Service, Royal Brisbane & Women's Hospital, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia.
authors.forename: Gerard J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Byrne
authors.affiliation: School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4067, Australia.
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Harnett