title: Simultaneous detection of antibiotics and other drug residues in the dissolved and particulate phases of water by an off-line SPE combined with on-line SPE-LC-MS/MS: Method development and application.
abstract: Due to their widespread use in human and animal healthcare, antibiotics and other drug residues are ubiquitous in the aquatic environment. Given their potential impacts on ecosystem functioning and public health, the quantification of environmental drug residues has become a necessity. Various analysis techniques have been found to be suitable for reliable detection of such compounds. However, quantification can be difficult because these compounds are present at trace or ultra-trace levels. Consequently, the accuracy of environmental analyses depends on both the efficiency and the robustness of the extraction and quantification method. In this work, an off-line solid-phase extraction (SPE) combined with on-line SPE-LC-MS/MS was applied to the simultaneous extraction and quantification of 26 pharmaceutical products, including 18 antibiotics, dissolved in a water phase. Optimal conditions were determined and then applied to assess the contamination level of the targeted drug residues in water collected from four sites in Northern France: a river, the input and output of an aerated lagoon, and a wastewater treatment plant. Drug residues associated with suspended solid matter (SSM) were also quantified in this work using pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) combined with an on-line SPE-LC-MS/MS system in order to complete an assessment of the degree of total background pollution.
authors.affiliation: Université de Lille 1, Laboratoire de Spectrochimie Infrarouge et Raman (LASIR), UMR CNRS 8516, Equipe Physico-chimie de l'Environnement, Cité Scientifique, 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France; Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte, Laboratoire des Applications de la Chimie aux Ressources et Substances Naturelles et à l'Environnement, LACReSNE, Université de Carthage, 7021 Zarzouna, Bizerte, Tunisia.
authors.forename: Ines
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Tlili
authors.affiliation: Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Laboratoire d'Analyses des Sols, 273, rue de Cambrai, 62000 Arras, France. Electronic address: Giovanni.Caria@arras.inra.fr.
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Caria
authors.affiliation: Université de Lille 1, Laboratoire de Spectrochimie Infrarouge et Raman (LASIR), UMR CNRS 8516, Equipe Physico-chimie de l'Environnement, Cité Scientifique, 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France.
authors.forename: Baghdad
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ouddane
authors.affiliation: Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte, Laboratoire des Applications de la Chimie aux Ressources et Substances Naturelles et à l'Environnement, LACReSNE, Université de Carthage, 7021 Zarzouna, Bizerte, Tunisia; Institut National de Recherche et d'Analyse Physico-chimique (INRAP), Laboratoire Matériaux, Traitement et Analyse (LMTA), BiotechPole Sidi-Thabet, 2032 Ariana, Tunisia.
authors.forename: Ibtissem
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ghorbel-Abid
authors.affiliation: Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte, Laboratoire des Applications de la Chimie aux Ressources et Substances Naturelles et à l'Environnement, LACReSNE, Université de Carthage, 7021 Zarzouna, Bizerte, Tunisia.
authors.forename: Riadh
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ternane
authors.affiliation: Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte, Laboratoire des Applications de la Chimie aux Ressources et Substances Naturelles et à l'Environnement, LACReSNE, Université de Carthage, 7021 Zarzouna, Bizerte, Tunisia.
authors.forename: Malika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Trabelsi-Ayadi
authors.affiliation: Université de Lille 1, Laboratoire de Spectrochimie Infrarouge et Raman (LASIR), UMR CNRS 8516, Equipe Physico-chimie de l'Environnement, Cité Scientifique, 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France. Electronic address: sopheak.net@univ-lille1.fr.
authors.forename: Sopheak
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Net
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000032:analysis*; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid / Q000379:methods; D004350:Drug Residues / Q000032:analysis*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D005602:France; D005618:Fresh Water / Q000032:analysis*; D045483:Rivers; D052616:Solid Phase Extraction / Q000379:methods; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods; D062065:Wastewater / Q000032:analysis; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D062065:Wastewater; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical
keywords: Aerated lagoon; Antibiotic; Drug residues; Off-line and on-line SPE-LC-MS/MS; PLE; Wastewater