title: Fabrication of Minerals Substituted Porous Hydroxyapaptite/Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxy pyrrole-co-3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) Bilayer Coatings on Surgical Grade Stainless Steel and Its Antibacterial and Biological Activities for Orthopedic Applications.
abstract: Current strategies of bilayer technology have been aimed mainly at the enhancement of bioactivity, mechanical property and corrosion resistance. In the present investigation, the electropolymerization of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxypyrrole-co-3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (P(EDOP-co-EDOT)) with various feed ratios of EDOP/EDOT on surgical grade stainless steel (316L SS) and the successive electrodeposition of strontium (Sr(2+)), magnesium (Mg(2+)) and cerium (Ce(3+)) (with 0.05, 0.075 and 0.1 M Ce(3+)) substituted porous hydroxyapatite (M-HA) are successfully combined to produce the bioactive and corrosion resistance P(EDOP-co-EDOT)/M-HA bilayer coatings for orthopedic applications. The existence of as-developed coatings was confirmed by Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((1)H NMR), high resolution scanning electron microscopy (HRSEM), energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Also, the mechanical and thermal behavior of the bilayer coatings were analyzed. The corrosion resistance of the as-developed coatings and also the influence of copolymer (EDOP:EDOT) feed ratio were studied in Ringer's solution by electrochemical techniques. The as-obtained results are in accord with those obtained from the chemical analysis using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). In addition, the antibacterial activity, in vitro bioactivity, cell viability and cell adhesion tests were performed to substantiate the biocompatibility of P(EDOP-co-EDOT)/M-HA bilayer coatings. On account of these investigations, it is proved that the as-developed bilayer coatings exhibit superior bioactivity and improved corrosion resistance over 316L SS, which is potential for orthopedic applications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Periyar University , Salem 636 011, Tamilnadu, India.
authors.forename: Ramya
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Subramani
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Periyar University , Salem 636 011, Tamilnadu, India.
authors.forename: Shinyjoy
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Elangomannan
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Central University of Tamilnadu , Thiruvarur 610 101, Tamilnadu, India.
authors.forename: Kavitha
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Louis
authors.affiliation: Proteomics and Molecular Cell Physiology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Periyar University , Salem 636 011, Tamilnadu, India.
authors.forename: Soundarapandian
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kannan
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Periyar University , Salem 636 011, Tamilnadu, India.|Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Periyar University , Salem 636 011, Taminadu, India.
authors.forename: Dhanaraj
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gopi
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry; D019086:Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic / Q000737:chemistry*; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry; D017886:Durapatite / Q000737:chemistry*; D009983:Orthopedic Equipment; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry*; D013193:Stainless Steel / Q000737:chemistry*; D013876:Thiophenes / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D019086:Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D011108:Polymers; D013876:Thiophenes; C121383:poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene); D013193:Stainless Steel; D017886:Durapatite
keywords: bilayer; bioactivity; electrodeposition; poly(3,4-ethylenedioxypyrrole); poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene); substituted hydroxyapatite