title: Prevalence and risk factors of alcohol and substance abuse among motorcycle drivers in Fars province, Iran.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this present study is to investigate the prevalence of alcohol and substance abuse (ASA) and its relationship with other risky driving behaviors among motorcycle drivers.
  
  
  METHODS
  This is a cross sectional study which is performed at Shiraz city of Iran. Data from motorcycle drivers were collected using a standard questionnaire in eight major streets at different times of the day. The data includes consumption of alcohol and other substances two hours before driving and some of the risky behaviors during driving.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 414 drivers with a mean ± SD age of (27.0 ± 9.3) years participated in the study. Alcohol or substance consumptions two hours before driving was significantly associated with risky driving behaviors such as using mobile phone during driving, poor maneuvering, and driving over the speed limit (both p < 0.001). It was also associated with carelessness about safety such as driving with technical defects (p < 0.001) and not wearing a crash helmet (p=0.008).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Screening for alcohol and substance consumption among motorcycle drivers is an efficient way to identify drivers that are at a greater risk for road traffic accidents.
authors.affiliation: Health Policy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
authors.forename: Seyed Taghi
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Heydari
authors.forename: Mehrdad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vossoughi
authors.forename: Armin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Akbarzadeh
authors.forename: Kamran B
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: Lankarani
authors.forename: Yaser
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sarikhani
authors.forename: Kazem
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Javanmardi
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Akbary
authors.forename: Maryam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Akbari
authors.forename: Mojtaba
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mahmoodi
authors.forename: Mohammad Khabaz
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Shirazi
authors.forename: Reza
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tabrizi
mesh_terms: D000063:Accidents, Traffic / Q000401:mortality / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000437:Alcoholism / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003906:Developing Countries; D006801:Humans; D007492:Iran; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009049:Motorcycles / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D016017:Odds Ratio; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012309:Risk-Taking; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015996:Survival Rate; D014505:Urban Population; D055815:Young Adult