title: Safety and Pharmacokinetics of Quick-Dissolving Polymeric Vaginal Films Delivering the Antiretroviral IQP-0528 for Preexposure Prophylaxis.
abstract: For human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevention, microbicides or drugs delivered as quick-dissolving films may be more acceptable to women than gels because of their compact size, minimal waste, lack of an applicator, and easier storage and transport. This has the potential to improve adherence to promising products for preexposure prophylaxis. Vaginal films containing IQP-0528, a nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor, were evaluated for their pharmacokinetics in pigtailed macaques. Polymeric films (22 by 44 by 0.1 mm; providing 75% of a human dose) containing IQP-0528 (1.5%, wt/wt) with and without poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticle encapsulation were inserted vaginally into pigtailed macaques in a crossover study design (n = 6). With unencapsulated drug, the median (range) vaginal fluid concentrations of IQP-0528 were 160.97 (2.73 to 2,104), 181.79 (1.86 to 15,800), and 484.50 (8.26 to 4,045) μg/ml at 1, 4, and 24 h after film application, respectively. Median vaginal tissue IQP-0528 concentrations at 24 h were 3.10 (0.03 to 222.58) μg/g. The values were similar at locations proximal, medial, and distal to the cervix. The IQP-0528 nanoparticle-formulated films delivered IQP-0528 in vaginal tissue and secretions at levels similar to those obtained with the unencapsulated formulation. A single application of either formulation did not disturb the vaginal microflora or the pH (7.24 ± 0.84 [mean ± standard deviation]). The high mucosal IQP-0528 levels delivered by both vaginal film formulations were between 1 and 5 log higher than the in vitro 90% inhibitory concentration (IC90) of 0.146 μg/ml. The excellent coverage and high mucosal levels of IQP-0528, well above the IC90, suggest that the films may be protective and warrant further evaluation in a vaginal repeated low dose simian-human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV) transmission study in macaques and clinically in women.
authors.affiliation: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
authors.forename: Priya
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Srinivasan
authors.affiliation: Total Solutions, Inc., Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
authors.forename: Jining
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
authors.forename: Amy
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.affiliation: McNeal Professionals, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
authors.forename: Kristin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kelley
authors.affiliation: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
authors.forename: Janet M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: McNicholl
authors.affiliation: ImQuest BioSciences, Inc., Fredrick, Maryland, USA.
authors.forename: Robert W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Buckheit
authors.affiliation: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
authors.forename: James M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.affiliation: ImQuest BioSciences, Inc., Fredrick, Maryland, USA aham@imquestbio.com.
authors.forename: Anthony S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Ham
mesh_terms: D000282:Administration, Intravaginal; D000818:Animals; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000187:drug effects / Q000472:pathogenicity; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000737:chemistry; D008254:Macaca nemestrina; D011100:Polyglycolic Acid / Q000737:chemistry; D000077182:Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer; D011744:Pyrimidinones / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D014621:Vagina / Q000187:drug effects / Q000821:virology*
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; C573126:IQP-0528; D011744:Pyrimidinones; D000077182:Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer; D011100:Polyglycolic Acid; D019344:Lactic Acid