title: Long-Term Post-Discharge Risks in Older Survivors of Myocardial Infarction With and Without Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest.
abstract: Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) associated with acute myocardial infarction (MI) confers high in-hospital mortality; however, among those patients who survive, little is known regarding their post-discharge mortality and health care use rates.
  
  
  
  The purpose of this study was to determine 1-year survival and readmission rates after hospital discharge of older MI survivors with and without OHCA.
  
  
  
  Using linked Acute Coronary Treatment and Intervention Outcomes Network Registry-Get With the Guidelines and Medicare data, this study analyzed 54,860 patients with MI who were older than 65 years of age and who had been discharged alive from 545 U.S. hospitals between April 2011 and December 2012. Multivariable models examined the associations between MI-associated OHCA and 1-year post-discharge mortality or all-cause readmission rates. Patients discharged to hospice were excluded, given their known poor prognosis.
  
  
  
  Following hospital discharge, compared with older MI survivors without OHCA (n = 54,219), those with OHCA (n = 641, 1.2%) were more likely to be younger, male, and smokers, but less likely to have diabetes, heart failure, or prior revascularization. OHCA patients presented more often with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (63.2% vs. 29.6%) and cardiogenic shock (29.0% vs. 2.2%); however, among in-hospital MI survivors, OHCA was not associated with 1-year post-discharge mortality (unadjusted 13.8% vs. 15.8%, p = 0.17, adjusted hazard ratio [HR]: 0.89; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.68 to 1.15). In contrast, MI survivors with OHCA actually had lower unadjusted and adjusted risk of the composite outcome of 1-year mortality or all-cause readmission than patients without OHCA (44.0% vs. 50.0%, p = 0.03, adjusted HR: 0.84; 95% CI: 0.72 to 0.97).
  
  
  
  Among older patients with MI who survived to hospital discharge and were not discharged to hospice, those presenting with OHCA did not have higher 1-year mortality or health care use rates compared with those MI survivors without OHCA. These findings show that the early risk of adverse events in patients with OHCA does not persist after hospital discharge, and they support efforts to improve initial survival rates of older patients with MI and OHCA.
authors.affiliation: Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, North Carolina. Electronic address: christopher.fordyce@duke.edu.
authors.forename: Christopher B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Fordyce
authors.affiliation: Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, North Carolina; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina.
authors.forename: Tracy Y
authors.initials: TY
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, North Carolina.
authors.forename: Anita Y
authors.initials: AY
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, North Carolina.
authors.forename: Laine
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.affiliation: Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, North Carolina; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina.
authors.forename: Christopher B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Granger
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Benjamin M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Scirica
authors.affiliation: Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California.
authors.forename: Timothy D
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Henry
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Vancouver General Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
authors.forename: Graham C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
authors.forename: Krishnan
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ramanathan
authors.affiliation: Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, North Carolina.
authors.forename: Carolina M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Hansen
authors.affiliation: Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, North Carolina.
authors.forename: Kristian
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kragholm
authors.affiliation: Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, North Carolina; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina.
authors.forename: Eric D
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: Peterson
authors.affiliation: Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, North Carolina; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina.
authors.forename: Monique L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Anderson
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass; D017147:Defibrillators, Implantable; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000401:mortality* / Q000628:therapy; D058687:Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest / Q000401:mortality* / Q000628:therapy; D010351:Patient Discharge; D010359:Patient Readmission / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D062645:Percutaneous Coronary Intervention; D012042:Registries; D012737:Sex Factors; D012770:Shock, Cardiogenic / Q000209:etiology; D015996:Survival Rate; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D018487:Ventricular Dysfunction, Left / Q000628:therapy
keywords: cardiac arrest; myocardial infarction; older; prognosis