title: Amitriptyline removal using palygorskite clay.
abstract: With the increased detections of commonly used pharmaceuticals in surface water and wastewater, extensive attentions were paid recently to the fate and transport of these pharmaceuticals in the environment. Amitriptyline (AMI) is a tricyclic antidepressant widely applied to treat patients with anxiety and depression. In this study, the removal of AMI with palygorskite clay (PFl-1) was investigated under different physico-chemical conditions and supplemented by instrumental analyses. The uptake of AMI on PFl-1 was well fitted by the Langmuir isotherm with an adsorption capacity of 0.168 mmol g(-1) at pH 6-7. The AMI uptake was fast and reached equilibrium in 15 min. The X-ray diffraction patterns showed no shift of the (110) peak position of palygorskite after AMI uptake. However, the (001) peak position of the minor component smectite (about 10%) shifted to lower angle as the amounts of AMI input increased. These results suggested surface uptake of AMI on palygorskite and interlayer uptake of AMI in smectite. As smectite is a common component of palygorskite clays, its role in assessing the properties and performances of palygorskite clays for the uptake and removal of contaminants should not be neglected. Overall, the high affinity of AMI for PFl-1 and strong retention of AMI on PFl-1 suggested that it could be a good adsorbent to remove AMI from wastewater. Palygorskite clays can also be a sink for many cationic pharmaceuticals in the environmental of the arid regions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Earth Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yo-Lin
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Tsai
authors.affiliation: Department of Earth Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Po-Hsiang
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Department of Earth Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Zong-You
authors.initials: ZY
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: Department of Earth Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Xiao-Yuan
authors.initials: XY
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Department of Earth Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yan-Hsin
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Earth Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Zheng-Hong
authors.initials: ZH
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Earth Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Xin-Yu
authors.initials: XY
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Earth Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Zheng-Ying
authors.initials: ZY
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Earth Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Tzu-Hao
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Earth Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Jiin-Shuh
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Jean
authors.affiliation: Department of Earth Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan; Geosciences Department, University of Wisconsin-Parkside, Kenosha, WI 53141-2000, USA. Electronic address: li@uwp.edu.
authors.forename: Zhaohui
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Earth Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan. Electronic address: atwtj@mail.ncku.edu.tw.
authors.forename: Wei-Teh
authors.initials: WT
authors.lastname: Jiang
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D000538:Aluminum Silicates / Q000737:chemistry*; D000639:Amitriptyline / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry*; D002412:Cations; D000077215:Clay; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D017616:Magnesium Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D017640:Silicates / Q000737:chemistry; D017655:Silicon Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D062065:Wastewater; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry*; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction
chemical_list: D000538:Aluminum Silicates; D000639:Amitriptyline; D002412:Cations; D000077215:Clay; D017616:Magnesium Compounds; D017640:Silicates; D017655:Silicon Compounds; D062065:Wastewater; D014867:Water; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C033214:Smectite; C026325:attapulgite
keywords: Amitriptyline; Cation exchange; Mechanism; Palygorskite clay; Removal; Uptake