title: Raised serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels in patients with active diabetic foot ulcers.
abstract: Studies have emerged to demonstrate bidirectional changes in circulating cytokines of inflammation in active diabetic foot ulcers (DFU). To further expand the understanding of inflammatory status present in chronic active DFU, we comparatively assessed the associations of selected pro-inflammatory cytokines and 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) with the presence of DFU. In a cross-sectional setting, thirty patients with type 2 diabetes and active DFU matched with thirty control non-ulcerative patients with type 2 diabetes and twenty-eight healthy subjects underwent anthropometric and biochemical assessment of study parameters. Recruited patients with DFU were selected from the grade II active chronic DFU at the time of hospitalisation according to the University of Texas wound classification system. Patients with DFU and controls had comparable age, sexual distribution, diastolic blood pressure and TAG, LDL-cholesterol and glycated Hb. The trend changes from healthy controls towards DFU showed a significant increase for serum monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, IL-6, 25(OH)D and highly sensitive C-reactive protein and a decrease for IL-8. In the multivariate adjusted logistic regression model, 25(OH)D emerged as the only independent correlate of DFU (OR 2·194; 95 % CI 1·003, 4·415). Unprecedented increase of serum 25(OH)D in chronic active DFU is possibly related to a selective alteration in the inflammatory status. In particular, 25(OH)D and IL-8 seem to share a common pathway in the pathogenesis of diabetic foot.
authors.affiliation: Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center (EMRC),Vali-Asr Hospital,School of Medicine,Tehran University of Medical Sciences,PO Box 13145-784,Tehran,Iran.
authors.forename: Mohsen
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Afarideh
authors.affiliation: Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center (EMRC),Vali-Asr Hospital,School of Medicine,Tehran University of Medical Sciences,PO Box 13145-784,Tehran,Iran.
authors.forename: Parvaneh
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ghanbari
authors.affiliation: Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center (EMRC),Vali-Asr Hospital,School of Medicine,Tehran University of Medical Sciences,PO Box 13145-784,Tehran,Iran.
authors.forename: Sina
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Noshad
authors.affiliation: Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center (EMRC),Vali-Asr Hospital,School of Medicine,Tehran University of Medical Sciences,PO Box 13145-784,Tehran,Iran.
authors.forename: Alireza
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ghajar
authors.affiliation: Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center (EMRC),Vali-Asr Hospital,School of Medicine,Tehran University of Medical Sciences,PO Box 13145-784,Tehran,Iran.
authors.forename: Manouchehr
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nakhjavani
authors.affiliation: Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center (EMRC),Vali-Asr Hospital,School of Medicine,Tehran University of Medical Sciences,PO Box 13145-784,Tehran,Iran.
authors.forename: Alireza
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Esteghamati
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D018932:Chemokine CCL2 / Q000097:blood; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications*; D017719:Diabetic Foot / Q000097:blood* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000097:blood* / Q000209:etiology; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000097:blood; D014808:Vitamin D Deficiency / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications
chemical_list: D018932:Chemokine CCL2; D016207:Cytokines; D014807:Vitamin D; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; C104450:25-hydroxyvitamin D
keywords: 25(OH)D 25-hydroxyvitamin D; 25-Hydroxyvitamin D; DFU diabetic foot ulcers; Diabetic foot ulcers; Highly sensitive C-reactive protein; IL-6; IL-8; MCP-1 monocyte chemoattractant protein-1; Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1; ROC receiver operating characteristic; hs-CRP highly sensitive C-reactive protein