title: Designing food delivery systems: challenges related to the in vitro methods employed to determine the fate of bioactives in the gut.
abstract: An in depth understanding of the underpinning mechanisms that relate to food disruption and processing in the gastrointestinal tract is necessary to achieve optimal intake of nutrients and their bioefficacy. Although in vivo trials can provide insights on physiological responses of nutrients, in vitro assays are often applied as tools to understand specific mechanisms, or as prescreening methods to determine the factors associated with the uptake of food components in the gastrointestinal tract. In vitro assays are also often utilized to design novel or improved food delivery systems. In this review the available approaches to study delivery and uptake of food bioactives and the associated challenges are discussed. For an in depth understanding of food processing in the gastrointestinal tract, it is necessary to apply multidisciplinary methodologies, at the interface between materials science, chemistry, physics and biology.
authors.affiliation: Food Science Department, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada. aguri@uoguelph.ca.
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Arranz
authors.forename: Milena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Corredig
authors.forename: Anilda
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Guri
mesh_terms: D002338:Carotenoids / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D004032:Diet; D004063:Digestion; D041981:Gastrointestinal Tract / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism; D018977:Micronutrients / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D059808:Polyphenols / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics
chemical_list: D018977:Micronutrients; D059808:Polyphenols; D002338:Carotenoids