title: Managing Noncommunicable Diseases in an African Community: Effects, Compliance, and Barriers to Participation in a 4-Week Exercise Intervention.
abstract: To determine the compliance, barriers, and effects of participation in a 4-week exercise intervention aimed at reducing risk factors for noncommunicable diseases among community-dwelling adults from a low-resourced area of South Africa. An exercise program and associated pre-posttest were performed by 76 participants (men, n = 26 and women, n = 50) aged 35 to 65 years. Baseline and end tests included height, weight, hip and waist circumference, heart rate, blood pressure, glucose, cholesterol, quality of life, and cardiorespiratory fitness measurements. The intervention consisted of 3 days/week combined aerobic and resistance exercise at an intensity of 70% heart rate reserved as determined at baseline. Compliance and barriers to participation were determined post-intervention by means of attendance registers and interviews. ANCOVA with adjustment for pretest was performed for all repeated variables. The Cronbach's alpha coefficients for exercise benefits were 0.81 and for barriers 0.84. Of the 26 men (40.8 ± 5.45 years) and 50 women (43.6 ± 7.8 years) recruited, 54 completed the intervention (71% compliance). The 4-week aerobic exercise intervention significantly reduced body mass, rate of perceived exertion, and mental components summary in men, and body mass, body mass index, VO2max, rate of perceived exertion, glucose, physical components summary, and mental components summary in women. Participants reported that the exercise milieu as a major barrier to exercise compliance while the interviews reported lack of time. A 1-month exercise intervention elucidated positive changes in risk factors for noncommunicable diseases in a low-resource community. A drop-out rate of 29% in this study is consistent with other exercise intervention trials. Exploration of the reported barriers may be useful for planning to increase compliance with future programs.
authors.affiliation: Physical Activity, Sport and Recreation Focus Area, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa.
authors.forename: Sunday O
authors.initials: SO
authors.lastname: Onagbiye
authors.affiliation: Physical Activity, Sport and Recreation Focus Area, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa School of Health and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Science, Health, Education and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Australia hanlie.moss@nwu.ac.za.
authors.forename: Sarah J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Moss
authors.affiliation: Physical Activity, Sport and Recreation Focus Area, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa School of Health and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Science, Health, Education and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Australia Redcliffe Hospital, Anzac Avenue, Redcliffe, Queensland, Australia.
authors.forename: Melainie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cameron
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002908:Chronic Disease / Q000628:therapy*; D019058:Community Networks; D005081:Exercise Therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010809:Physical Fitness / Q000502:physiology; D036301:Qualitative Research; D011788:Quality of Life; D013019:South Africa
keywords: Setswana; adults; cardiorespiratory fitness; noncommunicable diseases; physical activity intervention; quality of life