title: Medication errors: electronic vs. paper-based prescribing. Experience at a tertiary care university hospital.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  It has been estimated that medication errors (ME) are responsible for 7000 deaths each year. Some studies show that electronic prescribing systems have achieved health benefits and patient safety, resulting in a saving of resources. Other studies suggest that they may increase adverse events.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was to compare medication errors between electronic and paper-based prescription detected during pharmacovigilance.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was an observational, cross-sectional comparative study of 600 randomized medical records that were systematically reviewed by a pharmacovigilance team, with a deliberate search for ME. Each error was classified according to its severity, National Coordinating Council for Medication Error and Prevention taxonomy and high-risk medications. The number of errors was calculated per 100 prescribed medications, number of errors per record and number of records with an error as a quality indicator.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 229 ME were found with a mean per record of 0.38 (SD = 0.7), of which 155 corresponded to the paper-based method (1.04, SD = 1.67) and 74 to the electronic-based method (0.29, SD = 0.57) P = <0.001. The use of the electronic method was associated with an OR of 0.59 (95% CI 0.41-0.85) for the recording of at least one ME (P = 0.005), but to a greater severity of ME (<0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The use of the electronic system was associated with a reduction in ME, compared with the paper-based method. Despite this, it was associated with more severe ME.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario "Dr. José Eleuterio González", Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Nuevo León,, México. yoshino469@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: José Miguel
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Hinojosa-Amaya
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario "Dr. José Eleuterio González", Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Nuevo León,, México.
authors.forename: Francisco Gonzalo
authors.initials: FG
authors.lastname: Rodríguez-García
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario "Dr. José Eleuterio González", Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Nuevo León,, México.
authors.forename: Sara Gabriela
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Yeverino-Castro
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario "Dr. José Eleuterio González", Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Nuevo León,, México.
authors.forename: Mónica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sánchez-Cárdenas
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario "Dr. José Eleuterio González", Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Nuevo León,, México.
authors.forename: Miguel Ángel
authors.initials: MÁ
authors.lastname: Villarreal-Alarcón
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario "Dr. José Eleuterio González", Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Nuevo León,, México.
authors.forename: Dionicio Ángel
authors.initials: DÁ
authors.lastname: Galarza-Delgado
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D011307:Drug Prescriptions; D055695:Electronic Prescribing; D005260:Female; D006785:Hospitals, University; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008508:Medication Errors / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008875:Middle Aged; D061214:Patient Safety; D060735:Pharmacovigilance; D063128:Tertiary Health Care
keywords: electronic prescribing; medication errors; paper-based prescribing