title: A urologist's perspective on prostate cancer imaging: past, present, and future.
abstract: Prostate cancer is unique in that unlike other solid organ malignancies, only recently has imaging been employed to routinely detect and localize disease. The introduction of transrectal ultrasound was a significant development, transitioning digitally guided prostate biopsies to ultrasound guidance. The arrival of multiparametric MRI has become the next major step, transforming the way Urologist's diagnose, stage, and treat prostate cancer. Recent recommendations against PSA screening have changed the landscape of urologic oncology with the changing needs being reflected in the initiation of additional robust imaging techniques at different time points in prostate cancer care. The current review aims to provide a clinical perspective in the history, current standard of care, and novel imaging modalities in the evaluation of prostate cancer.
authors.affiliation: Urologic Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Building 10, Room 1-5940, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA. arvinkgeorge@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Arvin K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: George
authors.affiliation: Urologic Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Building 10, Room 1-5940, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.|Molecular Imaging Program, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Baris
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Turkbey
authors.affiliation: Urologic Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Building 10, Room 1-5940, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
authors.forename: Subin G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Valayil
authors.affiliation: Urologic Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Building 10, Room 1-5940, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
authors.forename: Akhil
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Muthigi
authors.affiliation: Urologic Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Building 10, Room 1-5940, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.|Molecular Imaging Program, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Mertan
authors.affiliation: Urologic Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Building 10, Room 1-5940, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kongnyuy
authors.affiliation: Urologic Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Building 10, Room 1-5940, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
authors.forename: Peter A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Pinto
mesh_terms: D019160:Endosonography / Q000379:methods* / Q000639:trends; D005544:Forecasting; D006801:Humans; D061705:Image-Guided Biopsy / Q000379:methods* / Q000639:trends; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods* / Q000639:trends; D008297:Male; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D000072178:Urologists
keywords: Cancer diagnosis; Image-guided biopsy; Imaging; Prostate cancer; Staging