title: Reference intervals for biochemical analytes of captive Black-Fronted Piping-Guan (Aburria jacutinga).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Black-Fronted Piping-Guan (Aburria jacutinga) is considered one of the most threatened bird species on the American continent. Ex situ conservation efforts have been developed in Brazil, and monitoring the health status of these populations is essential to ensure reproductive success in captivity. Reference intervals (RI) for biochemistry analytes from a larger population of Black-Fronted Piping-Guan are unavailable.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study was aimed at establishing RI for biochemical analytes of captive Black-Fronted Piping-Guan for future improved health assessments in these animals.
  
  
  METHODS
  Blood samples were collected from 32 adult Black-Fronted Piping-Guans for serum and plasma separation. Liver and kidney function markers, and concentration of protein and lipids were measured. Reference intervals were determined using an Excel program with Reference Value Adviser (version 2.0).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The RI of the analytes were: AST 20.7-188.0 U/L; CK 713.7-4741.4 U/L; LDH 360.7-1173.7 U/L; γ Glutamyl Transferase 1.1-5.4 U/L; total plasma protein 3.5-6.2 g/dL; total serum protein 1.7-4.7 g/dL; uric acid 0.9-19.2 mg/dL; urea 7.0-25.3 mg/dL; cholesterol 71.8-232.2 mg/dL; triglycerides 25.6-183.4 mg/dL.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The RI are similar to the ones published for other avian species. Only CK and uric acid values were in discordance with the usually reported avian ranges. This could be due to different methods of capture and physical restraint. Alternatively, some differences could be species-specific. In general, physical restraint should be limited to a minimum and without stress to prevent capture myopathy and death.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Brazil.
authors.forename: Frederico F
authors.initials: FF
authors.lastname: Vaz
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rosangela
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Locatelli-Dittrich
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rogério R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Lange
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Brazil.
authors.forename: Olair C
authors.initials: OC
authors.lastname: Beltrame
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Brazil.
authors.forename: Andreise C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Przydzimirski
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marília
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: de O Koch
authors.affiliation: Autonomous Veterinarian, Florianopolis, Brazil.
authors.forename: Bruno
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: de Q Castilhos
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001774:Blood Chemical Analysis / Q000592:standards / Q000662:veterinary*; D001938:Brazil; D056727:Endangered Species; D005260:Female; D046094:Galliformes / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D012016:Reference Values
keywords: Clinical chemistry variables; Cracidae; endangered species; health assessment; wild birds