title: [Sarcoidosis].
abstract: Sarcoidosis is a rare granulomatous disease mainly affecting lymph nodes and the lungs but joints, bones, muscles and other organs can also be affected. Sarcoidosis therefore represents an important differential diagnosis to various rheumatic diseases. For the diagnosis and differential diagnostic clarification, bronchoscopy including endobronchial ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration of mediastinal and hilar lymph nodes represent the main procedures. Because of the high spontaneous remission rate initiating a therapy requires a therapeutic goal defined by sarcoidosis-associated functional organ impairment, especially for acute sarcoidosis. Cortisone represents the most commonly administered medication whereas methotrexate and azathioprine are well-established second-line medications. Antibodies which neutralize tumor necrosis factors (TNF) are a potential third-line therapy.
authors.affiliation: Department Innere Medizin, Klinik für Pneumologie, Universitätsklinik Freiburg, Killianstr. 5, 79106, Freiburg, Deutschland.
authors.forename: B C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Frye
authors.affiliation: Department Innere Medizin, Klinik für Pneumologie, Universitätsklinik Freiburg, Killianstr. 5, 79106, Freiburg, Deutschland.
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Schupp
authors.affiliation: Department Innere Medizin, Klinik für Pneumologie, Universitätsklinik Freiburg, Killianstr. 5, 79106, Freiburg, Deutschland.
authors.forename: T C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Köhler
authors.affiliation: Klinik für Rheumatologie, Universitätsklinik Freiburg, Killianstr. 5, 79106, Freiburg, Deutschland.
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Voll
authors.affiliation: Department Innere Medizin, Klinik für Pneumologie, Universitätsklinik Freiburg, Killianstr. 5, 79106, Freiburg, Deutschland. direktion-pneumologie@uniklinik-freiburg.de.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Müller-Quernheim
mesh_terms: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001999:Bronchoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D003348:Cortisone / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D061765:Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Fine Needle Aspiration / Q000379:methods*; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine; D005858:Germany; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017565:Sarcoidosis, Pulmonary / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D003348:Cortisone
keywords: Arthritis; Granuloma; Immunosuppression; Lungs; Lymph nodes