title: Fully automatic volumetric modulated arc therapy plan generation for rectal cancer.
abstract: To develop and evaluate a fully automatic rectal planning optimizer (ARPO) for volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) treatment planning without human interaction.
  
  
  
  The ARPO was developed using inherent Pinnacle(3) script language; it was designed to perform the whole planning process including planning structure generation, beam placement, doseline setting and treatment planning. The automatic scheme adjusts the objectives of the objective function simulating the operation of dosimetrists based on our clinical experience. A total of 29 planned rectal cancer patients were retrospectively replanned using the ARPO (VMATauto) under the same constraints.
  
  
  
  With the ARPO, the hands-on time required for the whole planning process was significantly reduced to <1min. All VMATauto plans were recognized as clinically acceptable and 69% as clinically improved; 3% of VMATauto plans were marked equal and 28% inferior to manually generated VMATman plans when reviewed in a single-blind study by one experienced radiation oncologist. Without any planning workload the VMATauto plans had similar planning target volume dose coverage to the VMATman plans and statistically better organ-at-risk sparing, especially regarding lower small intestine irradiation.
  
  
  
  The ARPO is robust and dramatically efficient in clinical application and provides improved planning quality.
authors.affiliation: Division of Radiation Physics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: Division of Radiation Physics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
authors.forename: Qiang
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Division of Radiation Physics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
authors.forename: Xiaoqin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Division of Radiation Physics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
authors.forename: Sha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Division of Radiation Physics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
authors.forename: Yingjie
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Division of Radiation Physics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China. Electronic address: baisen@scu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Sen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bai
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D058958:Organs at Risk; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage; D011880:Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D050397:Radiotherapy, Intensity-Modulated; D012004:Rectal Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D047368:Tumor Burden
keywords: Automation; Pinnacle script; Rectal cancer; Volumetric modulated arc therapy