title: Electronic Cigarettes Use and Intention to Cigarette Smoking among Never-Smoking Adolescents and Young Adults: A Meta-Analysis.
abstract: Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) use is becoming increasingly common, especially among adolescents and young adults, and there is little evidence on the impact of e-cigarettes use on never-smokers. With a meta-analysis method, we explore the association between e-cigarettes use and smoking intention that predicts future cigarette smoking. Studies were identified by searching three databases up to January 2016. The meta-analysis results were presented as pooled odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) calculated by a fixed-effects model. A total of six studies (91,051 participants, including 1452 with ever e-cigarettes use) were included in this meta-analysis study. We found that never-smoking adolescents and young adults who used e-cigarettes have more than 2 times increased odds of intention to cigarette smoking (OR = 2.21, 95% CI: 1.86-2.61) compared to those who never used, with low evidence of between-study heterogeneity (p = 0.28, I² = 20.1%). Among never-smoking adolescents and young adults, e-cigarettes use was associated with increased smoking intention.
authors.affiliation: Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 3399 Binsheng Road, Hangzhou 310051, China. jmzhong@cdc.zj.cn.
authors.forename: Jieming
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhong
authors.affiliation: Yidu Central Hospital of Weifang, 4138 Linglong Road, Qingzhou 262500, China. caoss1234@163.com.
authors.forename: Shuangshuang
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.affiliation: Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 3399 Binsheng Road, Hangzhou 310051, China. wwgong@cdc.zj.cn.
authors.forename: Weiwei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Gong
authors.affiliation: Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 3399 Binsheng Road, Hangzhou 310051, China. frfei@cdc.zj.cn.
authors.forename: Fangrong
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Fei
authors.affiliation: Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 3399 Binsheng Road, Hangzhou 310051, China. mwang@cdc.zj.cn.
authors.forename: Meng
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D066300:Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D033182:Intention; D016017:Odds Ratio; D012907:Smoking / Q000523:psychology*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: electronic cigarette; meta-analysis; smoking intention