title: Donor-Site Morbidity Following Free Tissue Harvest from the Thigh: A Systematic Review and Pooled Analysis of Complications.
abstract: Background Donor-site morbidity significantly influences patient satisfaction and quality of life following reconstructive surgery. The relevant donor-site morbidities associated with more commonly utilized thigh-based flaps are reviewed. Methods A systematic search of the MEDLINE and Cochrane databases from 1994 to 2014 was conducted to identify all reports of "anterolateral thigh (ALT)," "vastus lateralis (VL)," "anteromedial thigh (AMT)," "transverse upper gracilis (TUG)," tensor fascia latae (TFL)," "gracilis," and "rectus femoris (RF)," flaps. Only studies that investigated donor-site outcomes related to pain, paresthesia, wound dehiscence, infection, hematoma, seroma, contour deformity, and/or objective functional performance were included. Case series or anecdotal reports with less than five flaps, non-English, and animal studies were excluded. Results A total of 116 articles representing 4,554 flaps were reviewed, including 2,922 ALT/VL, 148 AMT, 436 TUG, 278 TFL, 527 gracilis, and 243 RF flaps. The most frequently cited donor-site complication was paresthesia (range: 0-36.4%), followed by wound dehiscence (range: 0.9-8.3%), contour deformity (range: 0-5.2%), pain (range: 0-6.3%), and seroma (range: 0.4-2.0%). Despite mixed results regarding functional performance, pooled-analysis of dynamometric studies demonstrated a significant reduction in strength only after RF flap harvest (21%). Conclusions Donor-site morbidity for thigh-flaps is minimal and appears to be well-tolerated by the majority of patients. Nevertheless, the appropriate flap selection is highly individualized, and patients must be informed of potential complications and morbidities specific to each flap. We have established the most current review of donor-site morbidity for thigh-based flaps to aid the surgeon in this important discussion.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic Surgery, Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia.
authors.forename: Chrisovalantis
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lakhiani
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic Surgery, Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia.
authors.forename: Michael V
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: DeFazio
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic Surgery, Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia.
authors.forename: Kevin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic Surgery, Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia.
authors.forename: Reuben
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Falola
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic Surgery, Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia.
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Evans
mesh_terms: D005206:Fascia Lata / Q000637:transplantation; D058752:Free Tissue Flaps / Q000098:blood supply*; D006801:Humans; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000601:surgery*; D052097:Quadriceps Muscle / Q000637:transplantation; D011788:Quality of Life; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures; D020858:Tissue and Organ Harvesting / Q000379:methods*; D060053:Transplant Donor Site / Q000473:pathology*; D014945:Wound Healing