title: Functional identification of MdSIZ1 as a SUMO E3 ligase in apple.
abstract: SUMOylation, the conjugation of target proteins with SUMO (small ubiquitin-related modifier), is a type of post-translational modification in eukaryotes and involves the sequential action of activation (E1), conjugation (E2) and ligation (E3) enzymes. In Arabidopsis, the AtSIZ1 protein is a SUMO E3 ligase that promotes the conjugation of SUMO proteins to target substrates. Here, we isolated and identified a SUMO E3 ligase, MdSIZ1, in apple, which was similar to AtSIZ1. SUMOylation analysis showed that MdSIZ1 had SUMO E3 ligase activity in vitro and in vivo. SUMO conjugation was increased by high temperatures, low temperatures, and abscisic acid (ABA). The ectopic expression of MdSIZ1 in Arabidopsis siz1-2 mutant plants partially complemented the morphological mutant phenotype and enhanced the levels of SUMO conjugation. Taken together, these results suggest that MdSIZ1-mediated SUMO conjugation of target proteins is an important process that regulates the adaptation of apple plants to various environmental stresses.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong, China; MOA Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Innovation, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong, China; College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong, China.
authors.forename: Rui-Fen
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong, China; MOA Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Innovation, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong, China; College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong, China.
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong, China; MOA Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Innovation, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong, China; College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong, China.
authors.forename: Yuan-Yuan
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong, China; MOA Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Innovation, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong, China; College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong, China.
authors.forename: Li-Jie
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong, China; MOA Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Innovation, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong, China; College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong, China. Electronic address: haoyujin@sdau.edu.com.
authors.forename: Yu-Jin
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Hao
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong, China; MOA Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Innovation, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong, China; College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong, China. Electronic address: youchunxiang@126.com.
authors.forename: Chun-Xiang
authors.initials: CX
authors.lastname: You
mesh_terms: D000040:Abscisic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000235:genetics; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D003080:Cold Temperature; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant / Q000187:drug effects; D017343:Genes, Plant; D005816:Genetic Complementation Test; D018525:Germination / Q000187:drug effects; D018869:Heat-Shock Response / Q000235:genetics; D027845:Malus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics; D010802:Phylogeny; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000187:drug effects; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D030821:Plants, Genetically Modified; D020539:Sequence Analysis, Protein; D025841:Small Ubiquitin-Related Modifier Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D013045:Species Specificity; D013312:Stress, Physiological / Q000235:genetics; D044767:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D010940:Plant Proteins; D025841:Small Ubiquitin-Related Modifier Proteins; D000040:Abscisic Acid; D044767:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases
keywords: Apple; Functional complementation; MdSIZ1; SUMO E3 ligase; SUMOylation; Stress responses