title: Vertical bipedal locomotion in wild bearded capuchin monkeys (Sapajus libidinosus).
abstract: When carrying objects, nonhuman primates often show bipedal locomotion. Studies of primate bipedality, however, in both nature and captivity, have concentrated on locomotion on horizontal substrates, either terrestrially or arboreally. No observational or experimental study seems to have looked at non-horizontal bipedality, yet we show here that it occurs often in nature in Sapajus libidinosus, the bearded capuchin monkey. The context is transport of small food items from source to site of consumption, in which the monkeys usually carry handfuls of maize kernels over several meters' distance, both on the ground and in the trees. Most impressively, over a fifth of such bouts are done vertically, when the tree trunk is fully upright. Such vertical bipedality, with or without transport, apparently has not been reported before.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Cognitive Ethology, Department of Experimental Psychology, Institute of Psychology, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Prof. Mello Moraes, 1721 - Bloco F - Sala 2, Sao Paulo, SP, 05508-030, Brazil. tfalotico@gmail.com.|RLAHA, School of Archaeology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QY, UK. tfalotico@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Tiago
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Falótico
authors.affiliation: Department of Archaeology and Anthropology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1QH, UK.
authors.forename: Agumi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Inaba
authors.affiliation: Department of Archaeology and Anthropology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1QH, UK.
authors.forename: William C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: McGrew
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Cognitive Ethology, Department of Experimental Psychology, Institute of Psychology, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Prof. Mello Moraes, 1721 - Bloco F - Sala 2, Sao Paulo, SP, 05508-030, Brazil.
authors.forename: Eduardo B
authors.initials: EB
authors.lastname: Ottoni
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001938:Brazil; D016646:Cebinae / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D008124:Locomotion; D008297:Male; D010865:Pilot Projects; D014197:Trees
keywords: Bipedality; Cebus libidinosus; Locomotion; Sapajus libidinosus; Transport