title: Role of Manganese Deposition on Graphite in the Capacity Fading of Lithium Ion Batteries.
abstract: Lithium ion batteries utilizing manganese-based cathodes have received considerable interest in recent years for their lower cost and more favorable environmental friendliness relative to their cobalt counterparts. However, Li ion batteries using these cathodes combined with graphite anodes suffer from severe capacity fading at high operating temperatures. In this paper, we report on how the dissolution of manganese impacts the capacity fading within the Li ion batteries. Our investigation reveals that the manganese dissolves from the cathode, transports to the graphite electrode, and deposits onto the outer surface of the innermost solid-electrolyte interphase layer, which is known to be a mixture of inorganic salts (e.g., Li2CO3, LiF, and Li2O). In this location, the manganese facilitates the reduction of the electrolyte and the subsequent formation of lithium-containing products on the graphite, which removes lithium ions from the normal operation of the cell and thereby induces the severe capacity fade.
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois , Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States.
authors.forename: Daniel R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Vissers
authors.forename: Zonghai
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Yuyan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shao
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Engelhard
authors.forename: Ujjal
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Das
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Redfern
authors.forename: Larry A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Curtiss
authors.forename: Baofei
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Khalil
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Amine
keywords: capacity fade; dissolution of manganese; graphite; lithium ion; solid electrolyte interphase