title: A Proteoglycan-Like Molecule Offers Insights Into Ground Substance Changes During Holothurian Intestinal Regeneration.
abstract: Extracellular matrix remodeling is an essential component of regenerative processes in metazoans. Among these animals, holothurians (sea cucumbers) are distinguished by their great regenerative capacities. We have previously shown that fibrous collagen as well as other fibrous components disappear from the connective tissue (CT) early during intestinal regeneration, and later return as the organ primordia form. We now report on changes of the nonfibrous component of the CT. We have used Alcian Blue staining and an antibody, Proteoglycan Like-1 (PGL-1), that recognizes a proteoglycan-like antigen to identify the presence of proteoglycans in normal and regenerating intestines. Our results show that early in regeneration, the ground substance resembles that of the mesentery, the structure from where the new intestine originates. As regeneration proceeds, Alcian Blue staining and PGL-1 labeling reorganize, so that by 4 weeks the normal intestinal CT pattern is achieved. Together with our previous findings, the data suggest that CT components that might be detrimental to regeneration disappear early on, while those that might be beneficial to regeneration, such as proteoglycans, are present throughout the regenerative process.
authors.affiliation: Program in Developmental Biology and Medical Scientist Training Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas (GEV-V)|Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas (GEV-V)
authors.forename: Gabriel E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Vázquez-Vélez
authors.affiliation: Cellular and Molecular Pathology Graduate Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin (JFR-M)
authors.forename: José F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Rodríguez-Molina
authors.affiliation: Program in Developmental Biology and Medical Scientist Training Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas (GEV-V)|Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts (MCQ-F)
authors.forename: Mónica C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Quiñones-Frías
authors.affiliation: Program in Developmental Biology and Medical Scientist Training Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas (GEV-V)|Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico (MP, JEG-A)
authors.forename: María
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pagán
authors.affiliation: Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas (GEV-V)|Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico (MP, JEG-A)
authors.forename: José E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: García-Arrarás
mesh_terms: D000423:Alcian Blue; D000818:Animals; D004396:Coloring Agents; D003238:Connective Tissue / Q000378:metabolism; D005109:Extracellular Matrix / Q000378:metabolism; D007422:Intestines / Q000502:physiology; D008643:Mesentery / Q000378:metabolism; D011509:Proteoglycans / Q000378:metabolism*; D012038:Regeneration; D012616:Sea Cucumbers / Q000502:physiology*; D013194:Staining and Labeling
chemical_list: D004396:Coloring Agents; D011509:Proteoglycans; D000423:Alcian Blue
keywords: digestive system; echinoderm; extracellular matrix; invertebrates; proteoglycans; regeneration