title: In vitro effects of triamcinolone acetonide and in combination with hyaluronan on canine normal and spontaneous osteoarthritis articular cartilage.
abstract: The purposes of this study were to examine the cartilage degradation effects of triamcinolone acetonide (TA) on normal and osteoarthritic (OA) primary canine chondrocytes and cartilage explants and to examine the cartilage degradation effects of TA in combination with low-molecular-weight hyaluronan (LMWHA). To assess the effects of these drugs on cell culture, 3,[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and real-time PCR were used to measure chondrotoxicity and determine gene expression, respectively. Uronic acid and hydroxyproline remaining in cartilage and histopathology were used to estimate the effects of these drugs on cartilage explants. In chondrocyte cultures, TA reduced chondrocyte viability in a concentration-dependent manner. LMWHA 2.5 mg/ml combined with TA at IC20 (0.09 mg/ml) could increase the viability of normal chondrocytes when compared with TA-treated alone. TA at IC20 induced down-regulation of ACAN and induced up-regulation of ADAMTS5 in canine normal chondrocytes. TA at IC20 (0.11 mg/ml) up-regulated ADAMTS5, MMP2, MMP3, MMP13, and ACAN expression in canine OA chondrocytes. In explant culture, TA at 1.25, 2.5, and 5 mg/ml increased the severity of structural damage, chondrocyte loss and cluster formation, and proteoglycan loss in OA cartilage. LMWHA could decrease the chondrotoxicity of TA at IC20 only in normal chondrocytes, as observed by chondrocyte viability. The combination of LMWHA and TA did not show clearly beneficial effects in all other normal and OA samples. Consequently, using TA alone or in combination with LMWHA in OA cartilage should be of concern because it may lead to cartilage destruction.
authors.affiliation: Animal Bone and Joint Research Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50100, Thailand.
authors.forename: Thippaporn
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Euppayo
authors.affiliation: Animal Bone and Joint Research Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50100, Thailand.
authors.forename: Puntita
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Siengdee
authors.affiliation: Animal Bone and Joint Research Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50100, Thailand.
authors.forename: Kittisak
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Buddhachat
authors.affiliation: Science and Technology Research Institute, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
authors.forename: Waranee
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Pradit
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
authors.forename: Siriwadee
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chomdej
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
authors.forename: Siriwan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ongchai
authors.affiliation: Animal Bone and Joint Research Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50100, Thailand. korakot.n@cmu.ac.th.
authors.forename: Korakot
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nganvongpanit
mesh_terms: D000071116:ADAMTS5 Protein / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D053674:Aggrecans / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D000818:Animals; D002358:Cartilage, Articular / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D019902:Chondrocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D004285:Dogs; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental / Q000187:drug effects; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D053509:Matrix Metalloproteinase 13 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2; D019278:Matrix Metalloproteinase 3 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D010003:Osteoarthritis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D014222:Triamcinolone Acetonide / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D053674:Aggrecans; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid; D000071116:ADAMTS5 Protein; D053509:Matrix Metalloproteinase 13; D019278:Matrix Metalloproteinase 3; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2; D014222:Triamcinolone Acetonide
keywords: Canine; Cartilage; Chondrocytes; Chondrotoxicity; Hyaluronan; Triamcinolone acetonide