title: Strategies to genetically engineer T cells for cancer immunotherapy.
abstract: Immunotherapy is one of the most promising and innovative approaches to treat cancer, viral infections, and other immune-modulated diseases. Adoptive immunotherapy using gene-modified T cells is an exciting and rapidly evolving field. Exploiting knowledge of basic T cell biology and immune cell receptor function has fostered innovative approaches to modify immune cell function. Highly translatable clinical technologies have been developed to redirect T cell specificity by introducing designed receptors. The ability to engineer T cells to manifest desired phenotypes and functions is now a thrilling reality. In this review, we focus on outlining different varieties of genetically engineered T cells, their respective advantages and disadvantages as tools for immunotherapy, and their promise and drawbacks in the clinic.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Loyola University Medical Center, Loyola University Chicago, 2160 S. 1st Ave, Bldg 112, Room 308, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA. tspear@luc.edu.
authors.forename: Timothy T
authors.initials: TT
authors.lastname: Spear
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Loyola University Medical Center, Loyola University Chicago, 2160 S. 1st Ave, Bldg 112, Room 308, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA.|Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.
authors.forename: Kaoru
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nagato
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Loyola University Medical Center, Loyola University Chicago, 2160 S. 1st Ave, Bldg 112, Room 308, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA.
authors.forename: Michael I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Nishimura
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis; D005818:Genetic Engineering / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D007167:Immunotherapy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D016219:Immunotherapy, Adoptive / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D051379:Mice; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology* / Q000628:therapy*; D011948:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm; D016207:Cytokines; D011948:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins
keywords: Adoptive cell therapy; Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR); Gene-modified T cells; T cell; T cell receptor (TCR); Tumor immunity