title: Multivariate optimization of "In capillary-Schiff's base functionalized magnetic nanoparticle based microextraction" of Pb(+2): A novel synergistic approach.
abstract: A novel microextraction procedure based on Schiff's base functionalized magnetic nanoparticles (SBMNPs) has been developed for Pb(+2) extraction. Compared to conventional microextraction systems, the main advantage of proposed procedure is that no volatile/flammable reagents have used and experimental time is also reduced. Schiff's base has been derived from salicylaldehyde and 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane modified nanoparticles. Extraction of Pb(+2) was carried out in a capillary column containing analyte followed by the addition of SBMNPs and triton X-114 where ionic-liquid "1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate" was used as an extractant. After extraction; analyte concentration was determined with flame atomic absorption spectrometer through a self made micro-injection system. The SBMNPs were characterized by FTIR and TEM, respectively, demonstrating their distinct core-shell structures. Different experimental parameters were optimized through multivariate strategy. Detection limit, enhancement factor and relative standard deviation obtained with developed procedure were 0.193μgL(-1), 26.3 and 4.01%, respectively. Validity was checked through the recovery experiments and satisfactory results were obtained. In brief the synergistic combination of SBMNPs in column with ionic-liquid resulted in an efficient microextraction procedure for Pb(+2) in real samples.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan. Electronic address: shah_ceac@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Faheem
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Shah
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Federal Urdu University of Arts, Science and Technology, Gulshan-Iqbal, Karachi, Pakistan. Electronic address: mhaji21@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Haji
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Muhammad
authors.affiliation: National Centre of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Pakistan. Electronic address: naeemullah433@yahoo.com.
authors.lastname: Naeemullah
authors.affiliation: Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 155 Yang Qiao West Road Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China. Electronic address: azeempipal@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Azeem
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ullah
keywords: Ionic-liquid; Microextraction; Nanoparticles; Schiff's base; lead