title: Electro-optical equivalent calibration technology for high-energy laser energy meters.
abstract: Electro-optical equivalent calibration with high calibration power and high equivalence is particularly well-suited to the calibration of high-energy laser energy meters. A large amount of energy is reserved during this process, however, which continues to radiate after power-off. This study measured the radiation efficiency of a halogen tungsten lamp during power-on and after power-off in order to calculate the total energy irradiated by a lamp until the high-energy laser energy meter reaches thermal equilibrium. A calibration system was designed based on the measurement results, and the calibration equivalence of the system was analyzed in detail. Results show that measurement precision is significantly affected by the absorption factor of the absorption chamber and by heat loss in the energy meter. Calibration precision is successfully improved by enhancing the equivalent power and reducing power-on time. The electro-optical equivalent calibration system, measurement uncertainty of which was evaluated as 2.4% (k = 2), was used to calibrate a graphite-cone-absorption-cavity absolute energy meter, yielding a calibration coefficient of 1.009 and measurement uncertainty of 3.5% (k = 2). A water-absorption-type high-energy laser energy meter with measurement uncertainty of 4.8% (k = 2) was considered the reference standard, and compared to the energy meter calibrated in this study, yielded a correction factor of 0.995 (standard deviation of 1.4%).
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Ji Feng
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.affiliation: Institute of Applied Electronics, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Li Qun
authors.initials: LQ
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Institute of Applied Electronics, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Kai
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Applied Electronics, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xiao Yang
authors.initials: XY
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Institute of Applied Electronics, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhang