title: Spatial and temporal Antarctic Ice Sheet mass trends, glacio-isostatic adjustment, and surface processes from a joint inversion of satellite altimeter, gravity, and GPS data.
abstract: We present spatiotemporal mass balance trends for the Antarctic Ice Sheet from a statistical inversion of satellite altimetry, gravimetry, and elastic-corrected GPS data for the period 2003-2013. Our method simultaneously determines annual trends in ice dynamics, surface mass balance anomalies, and a time-invariant solution for glacio-isostatic adjustment while remaining largely independent of forward models. We establish that over the period 2003-2013, Antarctica has been losing mass at a rate of -84 ± 22 Gt yr-1, with a sustained negative mean trend of dynamic imbalance of -111 ± 13 Gt yr-1. West Antarctica is the largest contributor with -112 ± 10 Gt yr-1, mainly triggered by high thinning rates of glaciers draining into the Amundsen Sea Embayment. The Antarctic Peninsula has experienced a dramatic increase in mass loss in the last decade, with a mean rate of -28 ± 7 Gt yr-1and significantly higher values for the most recent years following the destabilization of the Southern Antarctic Peninsula around 2010. The total mass loss is partly compensated by a significant mass gain of 56 ± 18 Gt yr-1in East Antarctica due to a positive trend of surface mass balance anomalies.
authors.affiliation: School of Geographical Sciences University of Bristol Bristol UK.
authors.forename: Alba
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Martín-Español
authors.affiliation: School of Geographical Sciences University of Bristol Bristol UK; Centre for Environmental Informatics, National Institute for Applied Statistics Research Australia University of Wollongong Wollongong New South Wales Australia.
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zammit-Mangion
authors.affiliation: School of Civil Engineering and Geosciences Newcastle University Newcastle upon Tyne UK.
authors.forename: Peter J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Clarke
authors.affiliation: LEGOS Toulouse France.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Flament
authors.affiliation: Alfred Wegener Institute Bremerhaven Germany.
authors.forename: Veit
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Helm
authors.affiliation: School of Civil Engineering and Geosciences Newcastle University Newcastle upon Tyne UK; School Land and Food University of Tasmania Hobart Tasmania Australia.
authors.forename: Matt A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: King
authors.affiliation: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt Maryland USA.
authors.forename: Scott B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Luthcke
authors.affiliation: School of Civil Engineering and Geosciences Newcastle University Newcastle upon Tyne UK; School of Geographical and Earth Sciences University of Glasgow Glasgow UK.
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Petrie
authors.affiliation: LEGOS Toulouse France.
authors.forename: Frederique
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Rémy
authors.affiliation: School of Geographical Sciences University of Bristol Bristol UK.
authors.forename: Nana
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Schön
authors.affiliation: School of Geographical Sciences University of Bristol Bristol UK.
authors.forename: Bert
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wouters
authors.affiliation: School of Geographical Sciences University of Bristol Bristol UK.
authors.forename: Jonathan L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Bamber
keywords: Antarctica; GIA; Mass balance; SMB; ice dynamics