title: Incidence of sepsis following transrectal ultrasound guided prostate biopsy at a tertiary-care medical center in Lebanon.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Urosepsis is a rare but life-threatening complication following transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) guided needle prostate biopsy. Despite the technological and pharmacological improvements, the problem of bacterial urosepsis after prostate biopsy remains. A strategy for preventing urosepsis following TRUS prostate biopsy in áreas with high prevalence of resistant strains or patients presenting risk factors is lacking.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of urosepsis, as well its predictors, following TRUS guided needle biopsy of the prostate in a tertiary care medical center in Lebanon.
  
  
  METHODS
  We carried out a retrospective study on all patients who underwent TRUS prostate biopsy at the American University of Beirut Medical Center between January 1, 2011 and June 31, 2013. Patients' hospital charts were reviewed. Data collected included demographic information, pre-procedure disease specific information, as well as post-procedure information. Predictors of urosepsis following TRUS were assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In total, 265 patients were included in this study, where the prevalence of urosepsis following TRUS prostate biopsy was found to be 9.4%. The significant independente predictors of urosepsis were found to be: age with an OR=0.93 (95% CI: 0.88-1.00, p-value=0.03), and hypertension comorbidity with an OR=3.25 (95% CI: 1.19-8.85, p-value=0.02).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We found a high prevalence of urosepsis among patients who have undergone TRUS prostate biopsy, and identified two significant risk factors. The results of this study highlight the importance of implementing strategies for prevention of urosepsis following TRUS prostate biopsy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon.
authors.forename: Mohammed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shahait
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon.
authors.forename: Jad
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Degheili
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon.
authors.forename: Fadi
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: El-Merhi
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Research Institute, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon.
authors.forename: Hani
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tamim
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon.
authors.forename: Rami
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nasr
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D016470:Bacteremia / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology*; D001707:Biopsy, Needle / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D061765:Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Fine Needle Aspiration / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000295:instrumentation; D006801:Humans; D007861:Lebanon / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011467:Prostate / Q000473:pathology*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D062606:Tertiary Care Centers / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D014552:Urinary Tract Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology*