title: Two-step voltage dual electromembrane extraction: A new approach to simultaneous extraction of acidic and basic drugs.
abstract: In the present work, acidic and basic drugs were simultaneously extracted by a novel method of high efficiency herein referred to as two-step voltage dual electromembrane extraction (TSV-DEME). Optimizing effective parameters such as composition of organic liquid membrane, pH values of donor and acceptor solutions, voltage and duration of each step, the method had its figures of merit investigated in pure water, human plasma, wastewater, and breast milk samples. Simultaneous extraction of acidic and basic drugs was done by applying potentials of 150 V and 400 V for 6 min and 19 min as the first and second steps, respectively. The model compounds were extracted from 4 mL of sample solution (pH = 6) into 20 μL of each acceptor solution (32 mM NaOH for acidic drugs and 32 mM HCL for basic drugs). 1-Octanol was immobilized within the pores of a porous hollow fiber of polypropylene, as the supported liquid membrane (SLM) for acidic drugs, and 2-ethyle hexanol, as the SLM for basic drugs. The proposed TSV-DEME technique provided good linearity with the resulting correlation coefficients ranging from 0.993 to 0.998 over a concentration range of 1-1000 ng mL(-1). The limit of detections of the drugs were found to range within 0.3-1.5 ng mL(-1), while the corresponding repeatability ranged from 7.7 to 15.5% (n = 4). The proposed method was further compared to simple dual electromembrane extraction (DEME), indicating significantly higher recoveries for TSV-DEME procedure (38.1-68%), as compared to those of simple DEME procedure (17.7-46%). Finally, the optimized TSV-DEME was applied to extract and quantify model compounds in breast milk, wastewater, and plasma samples.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Chemistry, Shahid Beheshti University, G. C., Evin, Tehran 1983963113, Iran.
authors.forename: Sakine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Asadi
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Chemistry, Shahid Beheshti University, G. C., Evin, Tehran 1983963113, Iran. Electronic address: s_nojavan@sbu.ac.ir.
authors.forename: Saeed
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nojavan
mesh_terms: D001769:Blood; D055664:Electrochemical Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D057230:Limit of Detection; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D008895:Milk, Human / Q000737:chemistry; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D012015:Reference Standards; D062065:Wastewater / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations; D062065:Wastewater
keywords: Acidic and basic drugs; Dual electromembrane extraction; Simultaneous extraction; Two-step voltage