title: The Arabidopsis NPF3 protein is a GA transporter.
abstract: Gibberellins (GAs) are plant hormones that promote a wide range of developmental processes. While GA signalling is well understood, little is known about how GA is transported or how GA distribution is regulated. Here we utilize fluorescently labelled GAs (GA-Fl) to screen for Arabidopsis mutants deficient in GA transport. We show that the NPF3 transporter efficiently transports GA across cell membranes in vitro and GA-Fl in vivo. NPF3 is expressed in root endodermis and repressed by GA. NPF3 is targeted to the plasma membrane and subject to rapid BFA-dependent recycling. We show that abscisic acid (ABA), an antagonist of GA, is also transported by NPF3 in vitro. ABA promotes NPF3 expression and GA-Fl uptake in plants. On the basis of these results, we propose that GA distribution and activity in Arabidopsis is partly regulated by NPF3 acting as an influx carrier and that GA-ABA interaction may occur at the level of transport.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biology and Ecology of Plants, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel.
authors.forename: Iris
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Tal
authors.affiliation: Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA.
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: DynaMo Center, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
authors.forename: Morten Egevang
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Jørgensen
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biology and Ecology of Plants, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel.
authors.forename: Odelia
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Pisanty
authors.affiliation: Plant Systems Biology, Technische Universität München, 85354 Freising, Germany.
authors.forename: Inês C R
authors.initials: IC
authors.lastname: Barbosa
authors.affiliation: Plant Systems Biology, Technische Universität München, 85354 Freising, Germany.
authors.forename: Melina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zourelidou
authors.affiliation: Plant Systems Biology, Technische Universität München, 85354 Freising, Germany.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Regnault
authors.affiliation: DynaMo Center, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
authors.forename: Christoph
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Crocoll
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
authors.forename: Carl Erik
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Olsen
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biology and Ecology of Plants, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel.
authors.forename: Roy
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Weinstain
authors.affiliation: Plant Systems Biology, Technische Universität München, 85354 Freising, Germany.
authors.forename: Claus
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Schwechheimer
authors.affiliation: DynaMo Center, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
authors.forename: Barbara Ann
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Halkier
authors.affiliation: DynaMo Center, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
authors.forename: Hussam Hassan
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Nour-Eldin
authors.affiliation: Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA.
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Estelle
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biology and Ecology of Plants, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel.
authors.forename: Eilon
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Shani
mesh_terms: D000040:Abscisic Acid / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D001692:Biological Transport; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D005875:Gibberellins / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008164:Luminescent Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D009154:Mutation; D010937:Plant Growth Regulators / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D030821:Plants, Genetically Modified; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012639:Seeds / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D005875:Gibberellins; D008164:Luminescent Proteins; D010937:Plant Growth Regulators; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; C054562:yellow fluorescent protein, Bacteria; D000040:Abscisic Acid