title: On-site hydrolytic enzymes production from fungal co-cultivation of Bermuda grass and corn cob.
abstract: Solid state fermentation (SSF) is used to produce industrial enzymes. The objective of this study was to use a co-culture of Aspergillus niger GS1 and Trichoderma reesei, grown on a mixture of Bermuda grass and corn cob to obtain fermented forage (FF) rich in hydrolytic enzymes, as a value added ingredient for animal feed. FPase, amylase and xylanase productivities (dry matter, DM) were 8.8, 181.4, and 42.1Ug(-1)h(-1), respectively (1U=reducing sugars released min(-1)), after 12-16h of SSF with C/N=60. Cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin decreased 1.6-, 2.7- and 1.9-fold (DM), respectively. In vitro ruminal and true digestibility of DM was improved 2.4- and 1.4-fold. Ruminal digestion of FF reduced 1.32-fold the acetate:propionate ratio, which may reduce the environmental impact of ruminants feeding. On-site hydrolytic enzymes productivity using SSF without enzymes extraction could be of economic potential for digestibility improvement in animal feed.
authors.affiliation: Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Centro Universitario, Cerro de las Campanas s/n Col. Las Campanas, 76010 Querétaro, Querétaro, Mexico.
authors.forename: Aldo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Amaro-Reyes
authors.affiliation: Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Centro Universitario, Cerro de las Campanas s/n Col. Las Campanas, 76010 Querétaro, Querétaro, Mexico.
authors.forename: Jorge
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gracida
authors.affiliation: Universidad Politécnica de Pachuca, Carretera Pachuca-Ciudad Sahagún Km. 20, Ex-Hacienda de Santa Bárbara, 43830 Zempoala, Hidalgo, Mexico.
authors.forename: Nelson
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Huizache-Peña
authors.affiliation: Forrajera Elizondo, S.A. de C.V., Carlos Salinas de Gortari 600, Apodaca Centro, 66600 Apodaca, Nuevo León, Mexico.
authors.forename: Norberto
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Elizondo-García
authors.affiliation: Forrajera Elizondo, S.A. de C.V., Carlos Salinas de Gortari 600, Apodaca Centro, 66600 Apodaca, Nuevo León, Mexico.
authors.forename: José
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Salazar-Martínez
authors.affiliation: Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Centro Universitario, Cerro de las Campanas s/n Col. Las Campanas, 76010 Querétaro, Querétaro, Mexico.
authors.forename: Blanca E
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: García Almendárez
authors.affiliation: Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Centro Universitario, Cerro de las Campanas s/n Col. Las Campanas, 76010 Querétaro, Querétaro, Mexico. Electronic address: regcarlos@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Regalado
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed; D000818:Animals; D001234:Aspergillus niger / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000254:growth & development; D050260:Carbohydrate Metabolism; D002482:Cellulose / Q000378:metabolism; D018920:Coculture Techniques; D031744:Cynodon / Q000382:microbiology; D004063:Digestion; D004798:Enzymes / Q000378:metabolism; D005232:Fatty Acids, Volatile / Q000378:metabolism; D005285:Fermentation; D006868:Hydrolysis; D008031:Lignin / Q000378:metabolism; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000378:metabolism; D012418:Ruminants; D014242:Trichoderma / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000254:growth & development; D003313:Zea mays / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: D004798:Enzymes; D005232:Fatty Acids, Volatile; D011134:Polysaccharides; C007916:hemicellulose; D002482:Cellulose; D008031:Lignin
keywords: Aspergillus niger; Co-culture; Hydrolytic enzymes; On-site enzymes production; Trichoderma reesei