title: The wMel Strain of Wolbachia Reduces Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Aedes aegypti.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  New approaches to preventing chikungunya virus (CHIKV) are needed because current methods are limited to controlling mosquito populations, and they have not prevented the invasion of this virus into new locales, nor have they been sufficient to control the virus upon arrival. A promising candidate for arbovirus control and prevention relies on the introduction of the intracellular bacterium Wolbachia into Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. This primarily has been proposed as a tool to control dengue virus (DENV) transmission; however, evidence suggests Wolbachia infections confer protection for Ae. aegypti against CHIKV. Although this approach holds much promise for limiting virus transmission, at present our understanding of the ability of CHIKV to infect, disseminate, and be transmitted by wMel-infected Ae. aegypti currently being used at Wolbachia release sites is limited.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Using Ae. aegypti infected with the wMel strain of Wolbachia that are being released in Medellin, Colombia, we report that these mosquitoes have reduced vector competence for CHIKV, even with extremely high viral titers in the bloodmeal. In addition, we examined the dynamics of CHIKV infection over the course of four to seven days post feeding. Wolbachia-infected mosquitoes remained non-infective over the duration of seven days, i.e., no infectious virus was detected in the saliva when exposed to bloodmeals of moderate viremia, but CHIKV-exposed, wild type mosquitoes did have viral loads in the saliva consistent with what has been reported elsewhere. Finally, the presence of wMel infection had no impact on the lifespan of mosquitoes as compared to wild type mosquitoes following CHIKV infection.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results could have an impact on vector control strategies in areas where Ae. aegypti are transmitting both DENV and CHIKV; i.e., they argue for further exploration, both in the laboratory and the field, on the feasibility of expanding this technology beyond DENV.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America.
authors.forename: Matthew T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Aliota
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America.
authors.forename: Emma C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Walker
authors.affiliation: Programa de Estudio y Control de Enfermedades Tropicales (PECET), Universidad de Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia.
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Uribe Yepes
authors.affiliation: Programa de Estudio y Control de Enfermedades Tropicales (PECET), Universidad de Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia.
authors.forename: Ivan Dario
authors.initials: ID
authors.lastname: Velez
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America.
authors.forename: Bruce M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Christensen
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America.
authors.forename: Jorge E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Osorio
mesh_terms: D000330:Aedes / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000502:physiology / Q000821:virology*; D000818:Animals; D000898:Antibiosis; D065632:Chikungunya Fever / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000635:transmission*; D002646:Chikungunya virus / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D018562:Disease Transmission, Infectious / Q000517:prevention & control*; D007303:Insect Vectors; D012463:Saliva / Q000821:virology; D016019:Survival Analysis; D020577:Wolbachia / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000502:physiology