title: Adverse Effects, Expression of the Bk-CYP3045C1 Gene, and Activation of the ERK Signaling Pathway in the Water Accommodated Fraction-Exposed Rotifer.
abstract: To examine the deleterious effects of the water accommodated fraction (WAF) of crude oil, the growth curve, fecundity, and lifespan of the monogonont rotifer (Brachionus koreanus) were measured for 24 h in response to three different doses (0.2×, 0.4×, and 0.8×) of WAFs. A higher dose of WAFs significantly reduced the fecundity and lifespan. A rotifer 32K microarray chip showed that the Bk-CYP3045C1 gene had the highest expression. Of the 25 entire CYP genes, the Bk-CYP3045C1 gene showed a significant expression for different doses and times in response to WAFs and chemical components of WAFs (naphthalene and phenanthrene); also, glutathione S-transferase genes, ABC transporter, and other genes showed dose responses upon exposure to 80% WAF over time. Different doses of WAFs increased the oxidative stress with an induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and a depletion of glutathione (GSH). Exposure to WAFs did not show toxic effects on survivability in B. koreanus; however, toxicity to WAFs was shown when piperonyl butoxide, a potent inhibitor of cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes, was added. This toxicity was dose-dependent. After WAFs exposure, p-ERK was activated over time in response to WAFs, which suggests that WAFs can be activated by the p-ERK signaling pathway.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Science, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU) , Suwon 16419, South Korea.|Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry Research Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology , Ansan 15627, South Korea.
authors.forename: Eun-Ji
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Won
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Science, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU) , Suwon 16419, South Korea.
authors.forename: Ryeo-Ok
authors.initials: RO
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Science, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU) , Suwon 16419, South Korea.
authors.forename: Hye-Min
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Science, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU) , Suwon 16419, South Korea.
authors.forename: Hui-Su
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Science, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU) , Suwon 16419, South Korea.
authors.forename: Dae-Sik
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Science, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU) , Suwon 16419, South Korea.
authors.forename: Jeonghoon
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Science, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU) , Suwon 16419, South Korea.
authors.forename: Young Hwan
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Marine Ecological Risk Assessment Center, West Sea Fisheries Research Institute, National Fisheries Research and Development Institute , Incheon 22383, South Korea.
authors.forename: Un-Ki
authors.initials: UK
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Wuhan, 430072, China.
authors.forename: Bingsheng
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University , Seoul 04763, South Korea.
authors.forename: Su-Jae
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Science, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU) , Suwon 16419, South Korea.
authors.forename: Jae-Seong
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000378:metabolism; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D012403:Rotifera / Q000187:drug effects; D014867:Water / Q000378:metabolism*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D014867:Water; D005982:Glutathione Transferase