title: Investigating Nutritional Deficiencies in a Group of Patients 3 Years Post Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy.
abstract: Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) as a single-stage procedure has shown to be effective in achieving significant weight loss and resolving obesity-related co-morbidities. However, its nutrition consequences have not been extensively explored. This study aims to investigate weight loss and evolution of nutritional deficiencies in a group of patients 3 years post LSG.
  
  
  
  Retrospective data of a group of patients, 3 years following LSG as a stand-alone procedure was collected. Data included anthropometry, nutritional markers (hemoglobin, iron studies, folate, calcium, iPTH, vitamins D, and B12), and compliancy with supplementations.
  
  
  
  Ninety-one patients (male/female; 28:63), aged 51.9 ± 11.4 years with a BMI of 42.8 ± 6.1 kg/m2were identified to be 3 years post LSG. Percentage of weight loss at 1 and 3 years post-operatively was 29.8 ± 7.0 and 25.9 ± 8.8 %, respectively. Pre-operatively, the abnormalities included low hemoglobin (4 %), ferritin (6 %), vitamin B12(1 %), vitamin D (46 %), and elevated iPTH (25 %). At 3 years post-operatively, the abnormal laboratory values included low hemoglobin (14 % females, P = 0.021), ferritin (24 %, P = 0.011), vitamin D (20 %, P = 0.018), and elevated iPTH (17 %, P = 0.010). Compliancy with multivitamin supplementation was noted in 66 % of patients.
  
  
  
  In these patients, LSG resulted in pronounced weight loss at 1 year post-operatively, and most of this was maintained at 3 years. Nutritional deficiencies are prevalent among patients prior to bariatric surgery. These deficiencies may persist or exacerbate post-operatively. Routine nutrition monitoring and supplementations are essential to prevent and treat these deficiencies.
authors.affiliation: The St George Private Hospital, 1 South St, Kogarah, NSW, 2217, Australia. nazy.nutrition@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Nazy
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Zarshenas
authors.affiliation: The St George Private Hospital, 1 South St, Kogarah, NSW, 2217, Australia.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nacher
authors.affiliation: The St George Private Hospital, 1 South St, Kogarah, NSW, 2217, Australia.
authors.forename: Ken W
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Loi
authors.affiliation: The St George Private Hospital, 1 South St, Kogarah, NSW, 2217, Australia.
authors.forename: John O
authors.initials: JO
authors.lastname: Jorgensen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D005743:Gastrectomy / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D044342:Malnutrition / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009767:Obesity, Morbid / Q000601:surgery*; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015431:Weight Loss
keywords: Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy; Multivitamin supplementation; Nutritional deficiencies; Parathyroid hormone; Vitamin D; Weight loss