title: Ivory vertebra: imaging findings in different diagnoses.
abstract: Low back pain is often managed at all levels of healthcare. In general, diagnostic investigation begins with radiography of the lumbar spine. In addition to the most common findings, radiologists can identify increased density of a vertebral body, referred to as ivory vertebra. The objective of this study was to describe the main diseases that can present with this radiologic sign, such as Hodgkin lymphoma, Paget's disease, metastatic prostate cancer, breast cancer, and osteomyelitis. It is extremely important that radiologists be aware of this finding in order to inform the requesting physician of the possible etiologies, given that it can be the initial radiologic presentation for these diseases.
authors.affiliation: Student Specializing in Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging in the Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Escola Paulista de Medicina da Universidade Federal de São Paulo/ (EPM-Unifesp), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Richard Andreas
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Braun
authors.affiliation: Student Specializing in Abdominal Radiology at the Instituto de Radiologia do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (InRad/ HC-FMUSP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Carlos Felipe do Rego Barros
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Milito
authors.affiliation: Tenured Affiliate Professor in the Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Escola Paulista de Medicina da Universidade Federal de São Paulo/ (EPM-Unifesp), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Suzan Menasce
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Goldman
authors.affiliation: Affiliate Professor in the Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Escola Paulista de Medicina da Universidade Federal de São Paulo/(EPM-Unifesp), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Eloy de Ávila
authors.initials: Ede Á
authors.lastname: Fernandes
keywords: Lymphoma; Neoplasm metastasis; Osteitis deformans; Osteomyelitis; Spine