title: Characterization of Antibiotic Resistance Profiles of Ocular Enterobacteriaceae Isolates.
abstract: Emergence of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) and fluoroquinolone resistance among ocular Enterobacteriaceae is increasing in higher frequency. Therefore, studies are being carried out to understand their multidrug resistance pattern. A total of 101 Enterobacteriaceae isolates recovered from various ocular diseases in a tertiary eye care center at Chennai, India during the period of January 2011 to June 2014 were studied. Forty one randomly chosen isolates were subjected to antibiotic susceptibility by minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and genotypic analysis. Of them, 16 were ESBL producers, one was carbapenemase producer and four were resistant to ertapenem which could be due to porin loss associated with AmpC production, and 17 were resistant to fluoroquinolones. Sixteen isolates harbored ESBL genes in which 14 had more than one gene and none of them were positive for blaNDM-1 gene. QNR genes were detected in 18 isolates. ESBL producers were predominantly isolated from conjunctiva. A high degree of ESBL production and fluoroquinolone resistance is seen among the genus Klebsiella sp. Hence, monitoring the rate of ESBL prevalence plays a vital role in the administration of appropriate intravitreal antibiotics to save the vision and also to reduce the development of drug resistance in ocular pathogens.
authors.affiliation: Orchid Chemicals and Pharmaceuticals Ltd., 476/14, OMR, Chennai, India; Samrud Foundation for Health and Research, Bengaluru 560 001, India; St. Martha's Hospital, 5, Nrupatunga Road, Bengaluru 560 001, India.
authors.forename: Maneesh
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Paul-Satyaseela
authors.affiliation: L&T Microbiology Research Center, Kamal Nayan Bajaj Institute for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology Vision Research Foundation, Chennai, India; Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS), Pilani, Rajasthan, India.
authors.forename: Sowmiya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Murali
authors.affiliation: Orchid Chemicals and Pharmaceuticals Ltd., 476/14, OMR , Chennai, India.
authors.forename: Bharani
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Thirunavukkarasu
authors.affiliation: L&T Microbiology Research Center, Kamal Nayan Bajaj Institute for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology Vision Research Foundation , Chennai, India.
authors.forename: Madhavan Hajib
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Naraharirao
authors.affiliation: L&T Microbiology Research Center, Kamal Nayan Bajaj Institute for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology Vision Research Foundation , Chennai, India.
authors.forename: Malathi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jambulingam
keywords: extended-spectrum β-lactamase; fluoroquinolones; gene; minimum inhibitory concentration; multidrug resistance; ocular Enterobacteriaceae; prevalence