title: [Urinary iodine levels and dairy consumption in pre-school children in Southwest Asturias (Spain)].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  For decades dairy products have been a major source of iodine for decades. The purpose of this study was to determine the iodine nutritional status and its relationship with dairy consumption in pre-schooler children between 2 to 5 years old in a rural area with 27,847 inhabitants.
  
  
  METHODS
  It was planned to study 200 participants, selected by random sampling, proportional to the size of the municipality, age, and sex. Parents provided urine samples to analyse urinary iodine, as well as the nutritional information through an interview. A glass of milk or a slice of cheese was considered as a ration, and a portion of other milk derivatives were considered as half rations. The nutritional status of iodine was interpreted with the median (P[percentile]50) of the urinary iodine levels, and iodine intake was estimated using the mean of ration/day of milk and dairy products, fish, and eggs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the total of 198 subjects that took part, 193 provide urine specimens for the determination of iodine levels. The mean dairy ration/day was 3.8 (SD:1.4). More than two-thirds (69.9%) drank ≥ 2 glasses of milk/day, and 88.1% consumed a dairy ration of another dairy product. The median urinary iodine level was 184 μg/l, but was dependent on glasses of milk/day (282.5 μg/l ≥ 4 glasses) and/or the type of milk (233.0 μg/l in semi-skimmed). An intake of 115.1 μg/day to 170.2 μg/day of iodine was estimated, and that milk was the food which provided more iodine (89.9 μg/day).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Iodine intake was adequate, although higher than necessary when four or more glasses of milk were consumed, and/or when the milk was skimmed. The consumption of dairy products should be monitored to prevent both excessive and deficient intake of iodine.
authors.affiliation: Área Sanitaria 2 del Servicio de Salud del Principado de Asturias (SESPA), Hospital Carmen y Severo Ochoa, Cangas del Narcea, Asturias, España. Electronic address: esther.arbesu@sespa.es.
authors.forename: Esther
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Arbesú Fernández
authors.affiliation: Área Sanitaria 2 del Servicio de Salud del Principado de Asturias (SESPA), Centro de Salud de Cangas del Narcea, Asturias, España.
authors.forename: M Haydee
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Serrano Peraza
authors.affiliation: Área Sanitaria 2 del Servicio de Salud del Principado de Asturias (SESPA), Centro de Salud de Cangas del Narcea, Asturias, España.
authors.forename: Hans Abdón
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Eguia Angeles
authors.affiliation: Área Sanitaria 2 del Servicio de Salud del Principado de Asturias (SESPA), Centro de Salud de Cangas del Narcea, Asturias, España.
authors.forename: César Oliver
authors.initials: CO
authors.lastname: Sotelo García
authors.affiliation: Área Sanitaria 2 del Servicio de Salud del Principado de Asturias (SESPA), Centro de Salud de Cangas del Narcea, Asturias, España.
authors.forename: Claude Henrry
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Saint Jean
authors.affiliation: Área Sanitaria 2 del Servicio de Salud del Principado de Asturias (SESPA), Centro de Salud de Cangas del Narcea, Asturias, España.
authors.forename: Nache Ismael
authors.initials: NI
authors.lastname: Musa Martín
mesh_terms: D002675:Child, Preschool; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003611:Dairy Products / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D004032:Diet; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007455:Iodine / Q000652:urine*; D008297:Male; D009752:Nutritional Status; D012423:Rural Health; D013030:Spain
chemical_list: D007455:Iodine
keywords: Child Pre-school; Iodine; Leche; Milk; Necesidades nutricionales; Nutritional requirements; Preescolar; Yodo