title: Preventing Complications from High-Dose Rate Brachytherapy when Treating Mobile Tongue Cancer via the Application of a Modular Lead-Lined Spacer.
abstract: To point out the advantages and drawbacks of high-dose rate brachytherapy in the treatment of mobile tongue cancer and indicate the clinical importance of modular lead-lined spacers when applying this technique to patients.
  
  
  
  First, all basic steps to construct the modular spacer are shown. Second, we simulate and evaluate the dose rate reduction for a wide range of spacer configurations.
  
  
  
  With increasing distance to the source absorbed doses dropped considerably. Significantly more shielding was obtained when lead was added to the spacer and this effect was most pronounced on shorter (i.e. more clinically relevant) distances to the source.
  
  
  
  The modular spacer represents an important addition to the planning and treatment stages of mobile tongue cancer using HDR-ISBT.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka, Japan.|Department of Radiation Oncology, Osaka University, Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: Shumei
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Murakami
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: Rinus G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Verdonschot
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka, Japan.|Department of Radiation Oncology, Osaka University, Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: Naoya
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kakimoto
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka, Japan.|Department of Radiation Oncology, Osaka University, Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: Iori
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Sumida
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Osaka University, Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: Masateru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fujiwara
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Osaka University, Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazuhiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ogawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: Souhei
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Furukawa
mesh_terms: D001918:Brachytherapy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007854:Lead; D008336:Mandibular Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D009010:Monte Carlo Method; D010025:Osteoradionecrosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D000069079:Radiation Exposure / Q000032:analysis / Q000517:prevention & control; D011832:Radiation Injuries / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011835:Radiation Protection / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D011874:Radiometry / Q000379:methods; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage; D011880:Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods; D014062:Tongue Neoplasms / Q000532:radiotherapy*
chemical_list: D007854:Lead