title: Postrigor citric acid enhancement can alter cooked color but not fresh color of dark-cutting beef.
abstract: In 2 experiments, dark-cutting (DC) beef strip loins were used to test the effects of citric acid-enhancement pH on visual and instrumental color of fresh and cooked steaks. In Exp. 1 and 2, each DC (mean pH = 6.57 and 6.65, respectively) and normal-pH, low USDA Choice (CH; mean pH = 5.48 and 5.51, respectively) strip loin was cut into 2 equal-length sections, and DC sections were injected to 111% of raw section weight with pH 3.5 to 5.0 (Exp. 1) or pH 2.0 to 3.5 (Exp. 2) solutions made by mixing citric acid in either 0.05% orthophosphate (PO) solution or tap water (HO) base solutions (Exp. 1) and 0.5% PO or 0.5% tripolyphosphate solution base solutions (Exp. 2). After enhancement, sections were cut into steaks, which were assigned to either 5 d of simulated retail display or cooked to 71°C for cooked color measurement. Postenhancement pH of DC steaks enhanced with pH 3.5 to 5.0 solutions did not ( ≥ 0.180) differ from that of nonenhanced DC steaks (Exp. 1) but linearly decreased ( < 0.001) as solution pH decreased from 3.5 to 2.0 (Exp. 2). Even though fresh color scores were increased ( < 0.001) by citric acid enhancement over untreated DC steaks during the first 3 d of display, fresh steak color never ( < 0.001) approached that of nonenhanced CH steaks. When compared with nonenhanced DC steaks, enhancement with pH 3.5 to 5.0 solutions received lower cooked color scores, whereas enhancing DC sections with pH 2.5 solutions produced cooked color and degree-of-doneness scores similar ( ≥ 0.113) to those of nonenhanced CH steaks (Exp. 2). Results indicated that the pH of citric acid enhancement solutions, regardless of base solution, were insufficient to improve the fresh color of DC beef; however, enhancement with pH 2.5 citric acid solutions effectively eliminated the persistent red cooked color typically associated with DC beef comparable with that of normal-pH beef.
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Stackhouse
authors.forename: J K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Apple
authors.forename: J W S
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Yancey
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Keys
authors.forename: T M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: L N
authors.initials: LN
authors.lastname: Mehall
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D019343:Citric Acid; D003296:Cooking; D011122:Polyphosphates; D000069466:Red Meat / Q000592:standards*; D014867:Water
chemical_list: D011122:Polyphosphates; D014867:Water; D019343:Citric Acid; C005692:triphosphoric acid