title: Dietary Protein, Metabolism, and Aging.
abstract: Dietary restriction (DR), a moderate reduction in food intake, improves health during aging and extends life span across multiple species. Specific nutrients, rather than overall calories, mediate the effects of DR, with protein and specific amino acids (AAs) playing a key role. Modulations of single dietary AAs affect traits including growth, reproduction, physiology, health, and longevity in animals. Epidemiological data in humans also link the quality and quantity of dietary proteins to long-term health. Intricate nutrient-sensing pathways fine tune the metabolic responses to dietary AAs in a highly conserved manner. In turn, these metabolic responses can affect the onset of insulin resistance, obesity, neurodegenerative disease, and other age-related diseases. In this review we discuss how AA requirements are shaped and how ingested AAs regulate a spectrum of homeostatic processes. Finally, we highlight the resulting opportunity to develop nutritional strategies to improve human health during aging.
authors.affiliation: Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Department of Biological Mechanisms of Ageing, Cologne 50931, Germany; email: gsoultoukis@age.mpg.de , partridge@age.mpg.de.
authors.forename: George A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Soultoukis
authors.affiliation: Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Department of Biological Mechanisms of Ageing, Cologne 50931, Germany; email: gsoultoukis@age.mpg.de , partridge@age.mpg.de.|Institute of Healthy Ageing and Department of Genetics, Evolution, and Environment, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Linda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Partridge
mesh_terms: D000375:Aging / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D000596:Amino Acids / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D031204:Caloric Restriction; D018753:Diet, Protein-Restricted / Q000379:methods*; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism*; D015852:Eukaryotic Initiation Factor-2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D006706:Homeostasis / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000076222:Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 1; D046912:Multiprotein Complexes / Q000378:metabolism; D019636:Neurodegenerative Diseases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D009765:Obesity / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D057165:Proteostasis Deficiencies / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D015398:Signal Transduction; D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D004044:Dietary Proteins; D015852:Eukaryotic Initiation Factor-2; D046912:Multiprotein Complexes; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; C529271:EIF2AK4 protein, human; D000076222:Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 1; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases
keywords: aging; anabolism; dietary restriction; macronutrients; nutrient-sensing signaling; protein and amino acid requirement