title: The blunted effect of glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide in subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue in obese subjects is partly reversed by weight loss.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) appears to have impaired effect on subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue metabolism in obese subjects. The aim of the present study was to examine whether weight loss may reverse the impaired effect of GIP on subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue in obese subjects.
  
  
  METHODS
  Five obese males participated in a 12-week weight loss program, which consisted of caloric restriction (800 Cal day(-)(1)) followed by 4 weeks of weight-maintenance diet. Before and after weight loss, subcutaneous adipose tissue lipid metabolism was studied by conducting regional measurements of arterio-venous plasma concentrations of metabolites and blood flow (adipose tissue blood flow, ATBF) across a segment of the abdominal adipose tissue in the fasting state and during GIP infusion (1.5 pmol kg(-)(1 )min(-)(1)) in combination with a hyperinsulinemic-hyperglycemic clamp.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After weight loss (7.5±0.8 kg), glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity increased significantly as expected. No significant differences were seen in basal ATBF before (1.3±0.4 ml min(-1) 100 g tissue(-1)) and after weight loss (2.1±0.4 ml min(-1) 100 g tissue)(-1); however, a tendency to increase was seen. After weight loss, GIP infusion increased ATBF significantly (3.2±0.1 ml min(-1) 100 g tissue(-1)) whereas there was no increase before weight loss. Triacylglycerol (TAG) uptake did not change after weight loss. Baseline free fatty acid (FFA) and glycerol output increased significantly after weight loss, P<0.001. During the clamp period, FFA and glycerol output declined significantly, P<0.05, with no differences before and after weight loss. Weight loss increased glucose uptake and decreased FFA/glycerol ratio during the clamp period, P<0.05.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In obese subjects, weight loss, induced by calorie restriction, improves the blunted effect of GIP on subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue metabolism.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Physiology/Nuclear Medicine, Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Asmar
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Physiology/Nuclear Medicine, Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Arngrim
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Physiology/Nuclear Medicine, Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Simonsen
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Physiology/Nuclear Medicine, Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Asmar
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Physiology/Nuclear Medicine, Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Nordby
authors.affiliation: NNF Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.|Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Holst
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Physiology/Nuclear Medicine, Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.|Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bülow
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D001823:Body Composition; D015992:Body Mass Index; D031204:Caloric Restriction; D004032:Diet; D005215:Fasting; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified / Q000378:metabolism; D005749:Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000628:therapy*; D050507:Subcutaneous Fat, Abdominal / Q000378:metabolism*; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000378:metabolism; D015431:Weight Loss; D061217:Weight Reduction Programs
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; D007328:Insulin; D014280:Triglycerides; D005749:Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide