title: Mimicked cartilage scaffolds of silk fibroin/hyaluronic acid with stem cells for osteoarthritis surgery: Morphological, mechanical, and physical clues.
abstract: Osteoarthritis is a critical disease that comes from degeneration of cartilage tissue. In severe cases surgery is generally required. Tissue engineering using scaffolds with stem cell transplantation is an attractive approach and a challenge for orthopedic surgery. For sample preparation, silk fibroin (SF)/hyaluronic acid (HA) scaffolds in different ratios of SF/HA (w/w) (i.e., 100:0, 90:10, 80:20, and 70:30) were formed by freeze-drying. The morphological, mechanical, and physical clues were considered in this research. The morphological structure of the scaffolds was observed by scanning electron microscope. The mechanical and physical properties of the scaffolds were analyzed by compressive and swelling ratio testing, respectively. For the cell experiments, scaffolds were seeded and cultured with human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (HUMSCs). The cultured scaffolds were tested for cell viability, histochemistry, immunohistochemistry, and gene expression. The SF with HA scaffolds showed regular porous structures. Those scaffolds had a soft and elastic characteristic with a high swelling ratio and water uptake. The SF/HA scaffolds showed a spheroid structure of the cells in the porous structure particularly in the SF80 and SF70 scaffolds. Cells could express Col2a, Agg, and Sox9 which are markers for chondrogenesis. It could be deduced that SF/HA scaffolds showed significant clues for suitability in cartilage tissue engineering and in surgery for osteoarthritis.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, 15 Karnjanavanich Road, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand 90110.
authors.forename: Jirayut
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jaipaew
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, 15 Karnjanavanich Road, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand 90110; Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, 15 Karnjanavanich Road, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand 90110.
authors.forename: Piyanun
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wangkulangkul
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, 15 Karnjanavanich Road, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand 90110. Electronic address: jirutmeesane999@yahoo.co.uk.
authors.forename: Jirut
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Meesane
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, 15 Karnjanavanich Road, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand 90110.
authors.forename: Pritsana
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Raungrut
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, 15 Karnjanavanich Road, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand 90110; Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, 15 Karnjanavanich Road, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand 90110.
authors.forename: Puttisak
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Puttawibul
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D012831:Bombyx; D002356:Cartilage / Q000737:chemistry*; D002470:Cell Survival; D005349:Fibroins / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid / Q000737:chemistry*; D008422:Materials Testing; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000378:metabolism*; D010003:Osteoarthritis / Q000601:surgery*; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D006820:Hyaluronic Acid; D005349:Fibroins
keywords: Cartilage tissue engineering; Hyaluronic acid; Mimicked scaffold; Silk fibroin