title: Maternal-fetal transfer of indocyanine green across the perfused human placenta.
abstract: Indocyanine green (ICG) is an FDA-approved near-infrared imaging probe, given also to pregnant women. We aimed to characterize ICG's transplacental transfer using the ex-vivo perfusion model. Placentas were obtained from caesarean deliveries. Cotyledons were cannulated and dually perfused. ICG, 9.6μg/mL and antipyrine (50μg/mL) were added to the maternal circulation in the absence (n=4) or the presence of the organic anion transporting polypeptide (OATPs) inhibitor rifampin (10μg/mL; n=5) or the P-glycoprotein inhibitor valspodar (2μg/mL; n=3). ICG's maternal-to-fetal transfer was evaluated over 180min. The cumulative percent of ICG in the fetal reservoir was minor. When ICG transfer was normalized to that of antipyrine, it was lower in the presence of rifampin (a 41% decrease; p<0.05). Valspodar did not appear to modify the kinetics of ICG. ICG's transplacental transfer is minimal and is probably OATP-mediated. The placenta is an effective protective barrier to ICG's distribution into the fetus.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel. Electronic address: inessa.m.r@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Miriam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rubinchik-Stern
authors.affiliation: Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel. Electronic address: mirishmuel55@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Miriam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shmuel
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Edith Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, Affiliated with Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel. Electronic address: jbar@wolfson.health.gov.il.
authors.forename: Jacob
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bar
authors.affiliation: Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel. Electronic address: sarae@ekmd.huji.ac.il.
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Eyal
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Edith Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, Affiliated with Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel. Electronic address: michalkovo@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Michal
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kovo
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004396:Coloring Agents / Q000378:metabolism*; D003524:Cyclosporins / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007208:Indocyanine Green / Q000378:metabolism*; D008431:Maternal-Fetal Exchange; D010477:Perfusion; D010920:Placenta / Q000378:metabolism*; D011247:Pregnancy; D012293:Rifampin / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D004396:Coloring Agents; D003524:Cyclosporins; D007208:Indocyanine Green; C070272:valspodar; D012293:Rifampin
keywords: Indocyanine green; Near infrared imaging; Organic anion transporting polypeptides; P-Glycoprotein; Placenta; Pregnancy