title: Persistent part-solid nodules with solid part of 5 mm or smaller: Can the 'follow-up and surgical resection after interval growth' policy have a negative effect on patient prognosis?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate whether "follow-up and surgical resection after interval growth" can negatively influence recurrence or mortality in patients with persistent part-solid nodules (PSNs) with solid components ≤5 mm.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred twenty five surgically resected persistent PSNs with solid components ≤5 mm in 125 individuals were evaluated. Of the 125 PSNs, 54 and 71 PSNs were categorized into interval growth and immediate surgery groups, respectively. Cox regression analysis was performed to evaluate the association of "follow-up until interval growth" with recurrence and survival, adjusted for initial clinical and CT features.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the interval growth group, 30 patients showed increased nodule size, 10 increased solid parts, and the remaining 14 both patterns. Five patients showed clinical stage shifts (stage T1a, initially, to T1b after interval growth). Post-operative disease recurrence occurred in six individuals (interval growth group, n = 2/54; immediate surgery group, n = 4/71), and four individuals died (interval growth group, n = 1/54; immediate surgery group, n = 3/71). There were no significant differences between these two groups in terms of recurrence-free survival (p = 0.451) and overall survival (p = 0.185).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  "Follow-up and surgical resection after interval growth" did not negatively influence the prognosis of patients with persistent PSNs with solid components ≤5 mm.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  • Incidences of post-operative recurrence or death in patients with PSN are low. • "Follow-up until interval growth" of PSNs does not negatively influence disease recurrence. • There was no survival disadvantage related with "follow-up until interval growth" in PSNs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, and Institute of Radiation Medicine, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Jong Hyuk
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, and Institute of Radiation Medicine, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Korea. cmpark.morphius@gmail.com.|Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea. cmpark.morphius@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Chang Min
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, and Institute of Radiation Medicine, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Korea.|Aerospace Medical Group, Air Force Education and Training Command, Jinju, Korea.
authors.forename: Hyungjin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, and Institute of Radiation Medicine, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Korea.|Armed Forces Seoul Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Eui Jin
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, and Institute of Radiation Medicine, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Juil
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, and Institute of Radiation Medicine, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Korea.|Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Jin Mo
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Goo
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods
keywords: Follow-up studies; Lung adenocarcinoma; Mortality; Operation; Recurrence