title: Submillisecond X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy from a pixel array detector with fast dual gating and no readout dead-time.
abstract: Small-angle scattering X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy (XPCS) studies were performed using a novel photon-counting pixel array detector with dual counters for each pixel. Each counter can be read out independently from the other to ensure there is no readout dead-time between the neighboring frames. A maximum frame rate of 11.8 kHz was achieved. Results on test samples show good agreement with simple diffusion. The potential of extending the time resolution of XPCS beyond the limit set by the detector frame rate using dual counters is also discussed.
authors.affiliation: Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA.
authors.forename: Qingteng
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA.
authors.forename: Eric M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Dufresne
authors.affiliation: AGH University of Science and Technology, av. Mickiewicza 30, Krakow 30-059, Poland.
authors.forename: Pawel
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Grybos
authors.affiliation: AGH University of Science and Technology, av. Mickiewicza 30, Krakow 30-059, Poland.
authors.forename: Piotr
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kmon
authors.affiliation: AGH University of Science and Technology, av. Mickiewicza 30, Krakow 30-059, Poland.
authors.forename: Piotr
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Maj
authors.affiliation: Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA.
authors.forename: Suresh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Narayanan
authors.affiliation: Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510, USA.
authors.forename: Grzegorz W
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Deptuch
authors.affiliation: AGH University of Science and Technology, av. Mickiewicza 30, Krakow 30-059, Poland.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Szczygiel
authors.affiliation: Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA.
authors.forename: Alec
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sandy
keywords: X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy (XPCS); high frame rate; photon counting; pixel array detector (PAD); small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS); two counters