title: Single nucleotide polymorphism coverage and inference of N-acetyltransferase-2 acetylator phenotypes in wordwide population groups.
abstract: Several algorithms have been proposed to reduce the genotyping effort and cost, while retaining the accuracy of N-acetyltransferase-2 (NAT2) phenotype prediction. Data from the 1000 Genomes (1KG) project and an admixed cohort of Black Brazilians were used to assess the accuracy of NAT2 phenotype prediction using algorithms based on paired single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (rs1041983 and rs1801280) or a tag SNP (rs1495741).
  
  
  
  NAT2 haplotypes comprising SNPs rs1801279, rs1041983, rs1801280, rs1799929, rs1799930, rs1208 and rs1799931 were assigned according to the arylamine N-acetyltransferases database. Contingency tables were used to visualize the agreement between the NAT2 acetylator phenotypes on the basis of these haplotypes versus phenotypes inferred by the prediction algorithms.
  
  
  
  The paired and tag SNP algorithms provided more than 96% agreement with the 7-SNP derived phenotypes in Europeans, East Asians, South Asians and Admixed Americans, but discordance of phenotype prediction occurred in 30.2 and 24.8% 1KG Africans and in 14.4 and 18.6% Black Brazilians, respectively. Paired SNP panel misclassification occurs in carriers of NATs haplotypes *13A (282T alone), *12B (282T and 803G), *6B (590A alone) and *14A (191A alone), whereas haplotype *14, defined by the 191A allele, is the major culprit of misclassification by the tag allele.
  
  
  
  Both the paired SNP and the tag SNP algorithms may be used, with economy of scale, to infer NAT2 acetylator phenotypes, including the ultra-slow phenotype, in European, East Asian, South Asian and American populations represented in the 1KG cohort. Both algorithms, however, perform poorly in populations of predominant African descent, including admixed African-Americans, African Caribbeans and Black Brazilians.
authors.affiliation: aCoordenação de Pesquisa, Instituto Nacional de Câncer bPrograma de Computacão Científica, Fundação Oswaldo-Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil cDepartment of Anthropology, University of Toronto at Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Guilherme
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Suarez-Kurtz
authors.forename: Mateus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fuchshuber-Moraes
authors.forename: Claudio J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Struchiner
authors.forename: Esteban J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Parra
mesh_terms: D000107:Acetylation; D000465:Algorithms; D001191:Arylamine N-Acetyltransferase / Q000235:genetics*; D005006:Ethnicity / Q000235:genetics*; D055106:Genome-Wide Association Study; D006801:Humans; D010641:Phenotype; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide / Q000235:genetics*; D044469:Racial Groups / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D001191:Arylamine N-Acetyltransferase; C478900:NAT2 protein, human