title: A correlative imaging based methodology for accurate quantitative assessment of bone formation in additive manufactured implants.
abstract: A correlative imaging methodology was developed to accurately quantify bone formation in the complex lattice structure of additive manufactured implants. Micro computed tomography (μCT) and histomorphometry were combined, integrating the best features from both, while demonstrating the limitations of each imaging modality. This semi-automatic methodology registered each modality using a coarse graining technique to speed the registration of 2D histology sections to high resolution 3D μCT datasets. Once registered, histomorphometric qualitative and quantitative bone descriptors were directly correlated to 3D quantitative bone descriptors, such as bone ingrowth and bone contact. The correlative imaging allowed the significant volumetric shrinkage of histology sections to be quantified for the first time (~15 %). This technique demonstrated the importance of location of the histological section, demonstrating that up to a 30 % offset can be introduced. The results were used to quantitatively demonstrate the effectiveness of 3D printed titanium lattice implants.
authors.affiliation: School of Materials, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
authors.forename: Hua
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Geng
authors.affiliation: School of Biomedical Sciences, Centre for Molecular Biosciences (CMB), Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK.
authors.forename: Naomi M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Todd
authors.affiliation: School of Biomedical Sciences, Centre for Molecular Biosciences (CMB), Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK.
authors.forename: Aine
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Devlin-Mullin
authors.affiliation: School of Materials, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
authors.forename: Gowsihan
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Poologasundarampillai
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.
authors.forename: Taek Bo
authors.initials: TB
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: School of Materials, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
authors.forename: Kamel
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Madi
authors.affiliation: School of Materials, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cartmell
authors.affiliation: School of Biomedical Sciences, Centre for Molecular Biosciences (CMB), Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK.
authors.forename: Christopher A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Mitchell
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.
authors.forename: Julian R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.affiliation: School of Materials, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK. peter.lee@manchester.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Peter D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001861:Bone Regeneration; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D019736:Prostheses and Implants; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013499:Surface Properties; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds; D014025:Titanium; D055114:X-Ray Microtomography / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D014025:Titanium