title: [Tonsillectomy for PANDAS?].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders associated with streptococcal infections (PANDAS) is a disease attributed to children with obsessive compulsive or tic disorders associated with streptococcal infections. Because otolaryngologists evaluate a large number of pediatric patients with recurrent streptococcal infections, tonsillectomy (TE) is a common option of therapy. This study was undertaken to evaluate the efficacy of tonsillectomy in patients presenting with a verified PANDAS.
  
  
  METHODS
  A PubMed research was performed using search terms "tonsillectomy" and "PANDAS", "OCD", "compulsive", "pediatric autoimmune", "Chorea" and "Tic" limited by publication date January 1, 1995 to July 31, 2015. Reviews without patients were not included in the review.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nine papers matched our search terms, including 6 case reports with 8 patients and 3 case series. Most case reports were in favor for TE, but this was by far not supported by the findings in the case series. The follow-up ranged form 2-36 months (case reports) and 24-36 months (case series).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  establishing the diagnosis of PANDAS is complicated by underlying co-morbidities in the field of neurology-psychiatry and the lack of a reliable biomarker. The positive outcome after TE as reported in case studies may be influenced by the postoperative medication and is not supported by the results of large-scale studies. In the light of the considerable postoperative morbidity and unavoidable mortality rate it appears wise to indicate TE only in clinical studies with standardized inclusion criteria.
authors.affiliation: Klinik für HNO-Krankheiten, Plastische Kopf- und Hals-Chirurgie, Allergologie, Kliniken Maria Hilf, Mönchengladbach.
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Windfuhr
mesh_terms: D001327:Autoimmune Diseases / Q000601:surgery*; D002648:Child; D006801:Humans; D009771:Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder; D013290:Streptococcal Infections / Q000601:surgery*; D013981:Tic Disorders; D014068:Tonsillectomy