title: Identification of Host Micro RNAs That Differentiate HIV-1 and HIV-2 Infection Using Genome Expression Profiling Techniques.
abstract: While human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and 2 (HIV-1 and HIV-2) share many similar traits, major differences in pathogenesis and clinical outcomes exist between the two viruses. The differential expression of host factors like microRNAs (miRNAs) in response to HIV-1 and HIV-2 infections are thought to influence the clinical outcomes presented by the two viruses. MicroRNAs are small non-coding RNA molecules which function in transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. MiRNAs play a critical role in many key biological processes and could serve as putative biomarker(s) for infection. Identification of miRNAs that modulate viral life cycle, disease progression, and cellular responses to infection with HIV-1 and HIV-2 could reveal important insights into viral pathogenesis and provide new tools that could serve as prognostic markers and targets for therapeutic intervention. The aim of this study was to elucidate the differential expression profiles of host miRNAs in cells infected with HIV-1 and HIV-2 in order to identify potential differences in virus-host interactions between HIV-1 and HIV-2. Differential expression of host miRNA expression profiles was analyzed using the miRNA profiling polymerase chain reaction (PCR) arrays. Differentially expressed miRNAs were identified and their putative functional targets identified. The results indicate that hsa-miR 541-3p, hsa-miR 518f-3p, and hsa-miR 195-3p were consistently up-regulated only in HIV-1 infected cells. The expression of hsa-miR 1225-5p, hsa-miR 18a* and hsa-miR 335 were down modulated in HIV-1 and HIV-2 infected cells. Putative functional targets of these miRNAs include genes involved in signal transduction, metabolism, development and cell death.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Division of Emerging and Transfusion Transmitted Diseases, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA. Krishnakumar.Devadas@fda.hhs.gov.
authors.forename: Krishnakumar
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Devadas
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Division of Emerging and Transfusion Transmitted Diseases, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA. Santanu.Biswas@fda.hhs.gov.
authors.forename: Santanu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Biswas
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Division of Emerging and Transfusion Transmitted Diseases, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA. Mohan.Haleyurgirisetty@fda.hhs.gov.
authors.forename: Mohan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Haleyurgirisetty
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Division of Emerging and Transfusion Transmitted Diseases, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA. Viswanath.Ragupathy@fda.hhs.gov.
authors.forename: Viswanath
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Ragupathy
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Division of Emerging and Transfusion Transmitted Diseases, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA. Xue.Wang@fda.hhs.gov.
authors.forename: Xue
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Division of Emerging and Transfusion Transmitted Diseases, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA. Sherwin.Lee@fda.hhs.gov.
authors.forename: Sherwin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Division of Emerging and Transfusion Transmitted Diseases, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA. Indira.Hewlett@fda.hhs.gov.
authors.forename: Indira
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Hewlett
mesh_terms: D002478:Cells, Cultured; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000821:virology; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000276:immunology* / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D015498:HIV-2 / Q000276:immunology* / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions; D006801:Humans; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D035683:MicroRNAs
keywords: HIV-1 and HIV-2 infection; host miRNAs; modulation of host factors