title: Concordance of actigraphy with polysomnography in children with and without attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.
abstract: This study sought to: (1) compare actigraphy-derived estimated sleep variables to the same variables based on the gold-standard of sleep assessment, polysomnography; (2) examine whether the correlations between the measures differ between children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and typically developing children; and (3) determine whether these correlations are altered when children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder are treated with medication. Participants (24 attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder; 24 typically developing), aged 6-12 years, completed a 1-week baseline assessment of typical sleep and daytime functioning. Following the baseline week, participants in the attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder group completed a 4-week blinded randomized control trial of methylphenidate hydrochloride, including a 2-week placebo and 2-week methylphenidate hydrochloride treatment period. At the end of each observation (typically developing: baseline; attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: baseline, placebo and methylphenidate hydrochloride treatment), all participants were invited to a sleep research laboratory, where overnight polysomnography and actigraphy were recorded concurrently. Findings from intra-class correlations and Bland-Altman plots were consistent. Actigraphy was found to provide good estimates (e.g. intra-class correlations >0.61) of polysomnography results for sleep duration for all groups and conditions, as well as for sleep-onset latency and sleep efficiency for the typically developing group and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder group while on medication, but not for the attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder group during baseline or placebo. Based on the Bland-Altman plots, actigraphy tended to underestimate for sleep duration (8.6-18.5 min), sleep efficiency (5.6-9.3%) and sleep-onset latency, except for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder during placebo in which actigraphy overestimated (-2.1 to 6.3 min). The results of the current study highlight the importance of utilizing a multimodal approach to sleep assessment in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.
authors.forename: Jessica
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Waldon
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.
authors.forename: Esmot
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Begum
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.
authors.forename: Melissa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gendron
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.|Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.
authors.forename: Benjamin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Rusak
authors.affiliation: Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.
authors.forename: Pantelis
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Andreou
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.
authors.forename: Malgorzata
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rajda
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada. Penny.Corkum@dal.ca.|Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada. Penny.Corkum@dal.ca.|Department of Pediatrics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada. Penny.Corkum@dal.ca.
authors.forename: Penny
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Corkum
mesh_terms: D056044:Actigraphy; D001288:Attention / Q000187:drug effects; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology*; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008774:Methylphenidate / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017286:Polysomnography; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012890:Sleep / Q000187:drug effects; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants; D008774:Methylphenidate
keywords: sleep; sleep duration; sleep efficiency; sleep onset latency; stimulant medication