title: Acute toxoplasmosis in pigs in Brazil caused by Toxoplasma gondii genotype Chinese 1.
abstract: This study reports the clinicopathological, immunohistochemical, and molecular findings from two cases of systemic toxoplasmosis in pigs showing apathy and dyspnea. In the post-mortem examination, severe diffuse necrotizing bronchointerstitial pneumonia with numerous intralesional tachyzoites of Toxoplasma gondii was observed. The lungs had not collapsed but were diffusely reddened, and the parenchyma showed friable whitish subpleural nodules with multifocal to coalescent distribution and diameters of 0.5-1.0 cm. The histopathological findings comprised mononuclear inflammation and multifocal areas of necrosis in alveolar septa (cases 1 and 2). In addition, esophagitis and ulcerations in the mucosa of the stomach and the small and large intestines were observed (case 1). Immunohistochemical analysis using anti-T. gondii antibodies on lung tissue in both cases revealed strong immunolabeling of free tachyzoites and tachyzoites in the cytoplasm of histiocytes and in cysts. Nested PCR targeting a 155-bp fragment of the B1 gene of T. gondii was positive for the DNA extracted from lung fragments from the two pigs. Genotyping of the samples by means of PCR-RFLP (10 markers) and by means of microsatellites (15 of them) revealed that these animals were infected with T. gondii that was molecularly characterized as the non-archetypal genotype Chinese 1. This presents worldwide circulation, but it had not previously been described in Brazil. The microsatellite analysis showed that the animals were infected with the same T. gondii isolate circulating in the environment.
authors.affiliation: Postgraduate Veterinary Medicine Programme, Veterinary Pathology Laboratory, Veterinary Hospital, Federal University of Campina Grande (UFCG), Avenida Universitária S/N, Bairro Santa Cecília, 58708-110, Patos, PB, Brazil.
authors.forename: Roberio G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Olinda
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science (FMVZ), University of São Paulo (USP), Avenida Orlando Marques de Paiva 87, Cidade Universitária, 05508-900, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Hilda F J
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: Pena
authors.affiliation: Postgraduate Veterinary Medicine Programme, Veterinary Pathology Laboratory, Veterinary Hospital, Federal University of Campina Grande (UFCG), Avenida Universitária S/N, Bairro Santa Cecília, 58708-110, Patos, PB, Brazil.
authors.forename: Maria T S
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Frade
authors.affiliation: Postgraduate Veterinary Medicine Programme, Veterinary Pathology Laboratory, Veterinary Hospital, Federal University of Campina Grande (UFCG), Avenida Universitária S/N, Bairro Santa Cecília, 58708-110, Patos, PB, Brazil.
authors.forename: Jefferson S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Ferreira
authors.affiliation: Postgraduate Veterinary Medicine Programme, Veterinary Pathology Laboratory, Veterinary Hospital, Federal University of Campina Grande (UFCG), Avenida Universitária S/N, Bairro Santa Cecília, 58708-110, Patos, PB, Brazil.
authors.forename: Lisanka Â
authors.initials: LÂ
authors.lastname: Maia
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science (FMVZ), University of São Paulo (USP), Avenida Orlando Marques de Paiva 87, Cidade Universitária, 05508-900, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Solange M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Gennari
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science (FMVZ), University of São Paulo (USP), Avenida Orlando Marques de Paiva 87, Cidade Universitária, 05508-900, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Solange
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Oliveira
authors.affiliation: Postgraduate Veterinary Medicine Programme, Veterinary Pathology Laboratory, Veterinary Hospital, Federal University of Campina Grande (UFCG), Avenida Universitária S/N, Bairro Santa Cecília, 58708-110, Patos, PB, Brazil.
authors.forename: Antônio F M
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Dantas
authors.affiliation: Postgraduate Veterinary Medicine Programme, Veterinary Pathology Laboratory, Veterinary Hospital, Federal University of Campina Grande (UFCG), Avenida Universitária S/N, Bairro Santa Cecília, 58708-110, Patos, PB, Brazil. franklin.riet@pq.cnpq.br.|National Institute of Agriculture Research (INIA), La Estanzuela, Colonia, Uruguay, CP 40.000. franklin.riet@pq.cnpq.br.
authors.forename: Franklin
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Riet-Correa
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001344:Autopsy; D001938:Brazil; D001996:Bronchopneumonia / Q000469:parasitology*; D005838:Genotype; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007422:Intestines / Q000469:parasitology / Q000473:pathology*; D008168:Lung / Q000469:parasitology / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D018895:Microsatellite Repeats / Q000235:genetics; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000662:veterinary; D012150:Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; D034421:Sus scrofa; D013552:Swine; D014122:Toxoplasma / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D014124:Toxoplasmosis, Animal / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000469:parasitology
keywords: Acute toxoplasmosis; Brazil; Chinese 1; Genotyping; Pigs; Toxoplasma gondii