title: Regional features of northern Italian sparkling wines, identified using solid-phase micro extraction and comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled with time-of-flight mass spectrometry.
abstract: We carried out comprehensive mapping of volatile compounds in 70 wines, from 48 wineries and 6 vintages, representative of the two main production areas for Italian sparkling wines, by HS-SPME-GCxGC-TOF-MS and multivariate analysis. The final scope was to describe the metabolomics space of these wines, and to verify whether the grape cultivar signature, the pedoclimatic influence of the production area, and the complex technology were measurable in the final product. The wine chromatograms provided a wealth of information, with 1695 compounds being found. A large number of putative markers influenced by the cultivation area was observed. A subset of 196 biomarkers fully discriminated between the two types of sparkling wines investigated. Among the new compounds, safranal and α-isophorone were observed. We showed how correlation-based network analysis could be used as a tool to detect the differences in compound behaviour based on external/environmental influences.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach (FEM), Via E. Mach 1, 38010-San Michele all'Adige, Italy.
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Carlin
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach (FEM), Via E. Mach 1, 38010-San Michele all'Adige, Italy.
authors.forename: Urska
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Vrhovsek
authors.affiliation: Biostatistics and Data Management, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach (FEM), Via E. Mach 1, 38010 San Michele all'Adige, TN, Italy.
authors.forename: Pietro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Franceschi
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach (FEM), Via E. Mach 1, 38010-San Michele all'Adige, Italy.
authors.forename: Cesare
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lotti
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach (FEM), Via E. Mach 1, 38010-San Michele all'Adige, Italy.
authors.forename: Luana
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bontempo
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach (FEM), Via E. Mach 1, 38010-San Michele all'Adige, Italy.
authors.forename: Federica
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Camin
authors.affiliation: French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands (FAAB), The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer, Israel.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Toubiana
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimentation and Technology Services, Technology Transfer Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach (FEM), Via E. Mach 1, 38010-San Michele all'Adige, Italy.
authors.forename: Fabio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zottele
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimentation and Technology Services, Technology Transfer Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach (FEM), Via E. Mach 1, 38010-San Michele all'Adige, Italy.
authors.forename: Giambattista
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Toller
authors.affiliation: French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands (FAAB), The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer, Israel.
authors.forename: Aaron
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fait
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach (FEM), Via E. Mach 1, 38010-San Michele all'Adige, Italy. Electronic address: fulvio.mattivi@fmach.it.
authors.forename: Fulvio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Mattivi
mesh_terms: D053138:Cyclohexenes; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*; D007558:Italy; D013058:Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods; D052617:Solid Phase Microextraction / Q000379:methods*; D013729:Terpenes; D055549:Volatile Organic Compounds / Q000032:analysis; D014920:Wine / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D053138:Cyclohexenes; D013729:Terpenes; D055549:Volatile Organic Compounds; C087963:safranal
keywords: Correlation-based network analysis; GCxGC-TOF-MS; Sparkling wines; Traceability; Untargeted metabolomics; Volatile compounds