title: Effect of organochlorine pesticides exposure on the maize root metabolome assessed using high-resolution magic-angle spinning (1)H NMR spectroscopy.
abstract: (1)H-HRMAS NMR-based metabolomics was used to better understand the toxic effects on maize root tips of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), namely lindane (γHCH) and chlordecone (CLD). Maize seedlings were exposed to 2.5 μM γHCH (mimicking basic environmental contaminations) for 7 days and compared to 2.5 μM CLD and 25 μM γHCH for 7 days (mimicking hot spot contaminations). The (1)H-HRMAS NMR-based metabolomic profiles provided details of the changes in carbohydrates, amino acids, tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle intermediates and fatty acids with a significant separation between the control and OCP-exposed root tips. First of all, alterations in the balance between glycolysis/gluconeogenesis were observed with sucrose depletion and with dose-dependent fluctuations in glucose content. Secondly, observations indicated that OCPs might inactivate the TCA cycle, with sizeable succinate and fumarate depletion. Thirdly, disturbances in the amino acid composition (GABA, glutamine/glutamate, asparagine, isoleucine) reflected a new distribution of internal nitrogen compounds under OCP stress. Finally, OCP exposure caused an increase in fatty acid content, concomitant with a marked rise in oxidized fatty acids which could indicate failures in cell integrity and vitality. Moreover, the accumulation of asparagine and oxidized fatty acids with the induction of LOX3 transcription levels under OCP exposure highlighted an induction of protein and lipid catabolism. The overall data indicated that the effect of OCPs on primary metabolism could have broader physiological consequences on root development. Therefore, (1)H-HRMAS NMR metabolomics is a sensitive tool for understanding molecular disturbances under OCP exposure and can be used to perform a rapid assessment of phytotoxicity.
authors.affiliation: Université Grenoble Alpes, LECA, F-38000 Grenoble, France; CNRS, LECA, F-38000 Grenoble, France.
authors.forename: Claire
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Blondel
authors.affiliation: Université Grenoble Alpes, LECA, F-38000 Grenoble, France; CNRS, LECA, F-38000 Grenoble, France.
authors.forename: Farid
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Khelalfa
authors.affiliation: Université Grenoble Alpes, LECA, F-38000 Grenoble, France; CNRS, LECA, F-38000 Grenoble, France.
authors.forename: Stéphane
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Reynaud
authors.affiliation: IRBA, BP 73, 91220 Bretigny sur Orge, France.
authors.forename: Florence
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Fauvelle
authors.affiliation: Université Grenoble Alpes, LECA, F-38000 Grenoble, France; CNRS, LECA, F-38000 Grenoble, France. Electronic address: muriel.raveton@ujf-grenoble.fr.
authors.forename: Muriel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Raveton
mesh_terms: D000596:Amino Acids / Q000378:metabolism; D050260:Carbohydrate Metabolism; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000378:metabolism; D006843:Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*; D050356:Lipid Metabolism; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy / Q000379:methods; D055442:Metabolome / Q000187:drug effects*; D055432:Metabolomics / Q000379:methods; D010575:Pesticides / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D036226:Seedlings / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D003313:Zea mays / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D005227:Fatty Acids; D006843:Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated; D010575:Pesticides
keywords: Maize; Metabolomic; Organochlorines; Roots; Transcriptomic