title: Evidence for reliability, validity and responsiveness of Turkish Foot and Ankle Ability Measure (FAAM).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To translate and culturally adapt the Foot and Ankle Ability Measure (FAAM) into Turkish and assess the psychometric properties of the translated version.
  
  
  METHODS
  The FAAM was translated into Turkish according to Beaton's recommendations and it is called FAAM-T. Ninety-eight patients (39 males, mean ± SD age 35.0 ± 14.0 years; range 16-71 years) with different foot and ankle complaints were included, and the score was completed twice by each participant after 7 days of the first assessment to assess test-retest reliability based on the inter-rater correlation coefficient, whereas Cronbach's alpha evaluated internal consistency. External validity was evaluated with correlations between the FAAM-T, Foot Function Index (FFI) and Short Form-36 (SF-36). The distribution of floor and ceiling effects was determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The test-retest reliability was 0.90 for both FAAM-T subscales. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.95 and 0.91 for FAAM-T activity of daily living (ADL) and FAAM-T Sport subscales, respectively. The FAAM-T ADL and Sport subscales demonstrated very good correlation with the FFI (r = 0.70 and 0.63, respectively). The FAAM-T ADL and Sport subscales had a high level of association with physical functioning and the physical component scale (r = 0.71, r = 0.70 and r = 0.51, r = 0.55, respectively; P = 0.001) of the SF-36. The weakest associations were found between the FAAM-T ADL, FAAM-T Sport subscales and the SF-36 the vitality (r = 0.27, P = 0.008 and r = 0.28, P = 0.01, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study provides preliminary evidence that the FAAM-T is reliable, valid and responsive outcome measurement of patients with foot and ankle pathologies.
authors.affiliation: Division of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Science, Istanbul University, 34740, Bakirkoy, Istanbul, Turkey. ptderya@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Derya
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Çelik
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Melih
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Malkoç
authors.affiliation: Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
authors.forename: RobRoy
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Martin
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000843:Ankle Joint / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D005260:Female; D005528:Foot / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D014421:Turkey; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Ankle and foot; Cross-cultural adaptation; Outcome measurement; Psychometric properties