title: Time Perception Mechanisms at Central Nervous System.
abstract: The five senses have specific ways to receive environmental information and lead to central nervous system. The perception of time is the sum of stimuli associated with cognitive processes and environmental changes. Thus, the perception of time requires a complex neural mechanism and may be changed by emotional state, level of attention, memory and diseases. Despite this knowledge, the neural mechanisms of time perception are not yet fully understood. The objective is to relate the mechanisms involved the neurofunctional aspects, theories, executive functions and pathologies that contribute the understanding of temporal perception. Articles form 1980 to 2015 were searched by using the key themes: neuroanatomy, neurophysiology, theories, time cells, memory, schizophrenia, depression, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and Parkinson's disease combined with the term perception of time. We evaluated 158 articles within the inclusion criteria for the purpose of the study. We conclude that research about the holdings of the frontal cortex, parietal, basal ganglia, cerebellum and hippocampus have provided advances in the understanding of the regions related to the perception of time. In neurological and psychiatric disorders, the understanding of time depends on the severity of the diseases and the type of tasks.
authors.affiliation: Brain Mapping and Plasticity Laboratory, Federal University of Piauí , Parnaíba, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rhailana
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Fontes
authors.affiliation: Brain Mapping and Plasticity Laboratory, Federal University of Piauí , Parnaíba, Brazil.
authors.forename: Jéssica
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ribeiro
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Camden County College , Blackwood, NJ, USA.
authors.forename: Daya S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Brain Mapping and Functionality, Federal University of Piauí , Parnaíba.
authors.forename: Dionis
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Machado
authors.affiliation: Brain Mapping and Plasticity Laboratory, Federal University of Piauí , Parnaíba, Brazil.
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lopes-Júnior
authors.affiliation: Brain Mapping and Plasticity Laboratory, Federal University of Piauí , Parnaíba, Brazil.
authors.forename: Francisco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Magalhães
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Brain Mapping and Functionality, Federal University of Piauí , Parnaíba.
authors.forename: Victor Hugo
authors.initials: VH
authors.lastname: Bastos
authors.affiliation: Brain Mapping and Plasticity Laboratory, Federal University of Piauí , Parnaíba, Brazil.
authors.forename: Kaline
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Rocha
authors.affiliation: Brain Mapping and Plasticity Laboratory, Federal University of Piauí , Parnaíba, Brazil.
authors.forename: Victor
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Marinho
authors.affiliation: Neurophisic Applied Laboratory, Federal University of Piauí , Parnaíba.
authors.forename: Gildário
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lima
authors.affiliation: Brain Mapping and and Sensory-Motor Integration Laboratory, Psychiatry Institute of Federal University of Rio de Janeiro , Rio de Janeiro.
authors.forename: Bruna
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Velasques
authors.affiliation: Brain Mapping and and Sensory-Motor Integration Laboratory, Psychiatry Institute of Federal University of Rio de Janeiro , Rio de Janeiro.
authors.forename: Pedro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ribeiro
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Orsini
authors.affiliation: Neurology Department, Federal Fluminense University , Niterói, Brazil.
authors.forename: Bruno
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Pessoa
authors.affiliation: Neurology Department, Federal Fluminense University , Niterói, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marco Antonio Araujo
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Leite
authors.affiliation: Brain Mapping and Plasticity Laboratory, Federal University of Piauí , Parnaíba, Brazil.
authors.forename: Silmar
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Teixeira
keywords: Time perception; memory; psychiatric diseases; time cells