title: Aqua Cycling Does Not Affect Recovery of Performance, Damage Markers, and Sensation of Pain.
abstract: Wahl, P, Sanno, M, Ellenberg, K, Frick, H, Böhm, E, Haiduck, B, Goldmann, J-P, Achtzehn, S, Brüggemann, G-P, Mester, J, and Bloch, W. Aqua cycling does not affect recovery of performance, damage markers, and sensation of pain. J Strength Cond Res 31(1): 162-170, 2017-To examine the effects of aqua cycling (AC) vs. passive recovery (P) on performance, markers of muscle damage, delayed onset of muscle soreness (DOMS), and the persons perceived physical state (PEPS) after 300 countermovement jumps (CMJs). Twenty male participants completed 300 CMJs. Afterward, they were randomly assigned to either the P group or the AC group, the latter performing 30 minutes of AC. Before, directly after the 300 CMJs, after the recovery session, and up to 72 hours post, performance of leg extensor muscles, damage markers, the PEPS, and DOMS were measured. Jumping height during 300 CMJs significantly decreased in both groups (AC: 13.4% and P: 14.6%). Maximal isometric strength (AC: 21% and P: 22%) and dynamic fatigue test (AC: 35% and P: 39%) of leg extensor muscles showed significant decreases in both groups. Myoglobin, creatine kinase, and lactate dehydrogenase significantly increased over time in both groups. Each of the 4 dimensions of the PEPS and DOMS showed significant changes over time. However, no significant differences between both groups were found for any of the parameters. Coaches and athletes should be aware that vertical jumping-induced fatigue decreases the ability to generate maximal isometric and submaximal dynamic force for more than 3 days after training. A single 30-minute session of AC was not able to attenuate the effects on muscular performance, markers of muscle damage, DOMS, or the PEPS compared with passive rest.
authors.affiliation: 1Institute of Training Science and Sport Informatics, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany; 2Department of Molecular and Cellular Sport Medicine, Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sport Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany; 3The German Research Centre of Elite Sport, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany; and 4Institute of Biomechanics and Orthopedics, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wahl
authors.forename: Maximilian
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sanno
authors.forename: Karoline
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ellenberg
authors.forename: Hosea
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Frick
authors.forename: Ezra
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Böhm
authors.forename: Björn
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Haiduck
authors.forename: Jan-Peter
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Goldmann
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Achtzehn
authors.forename: Gert-Peter
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Brüggemann
authors.forename: Joachim
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mester
authors.forename: Wilhelm
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Bloch
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D056352:Athletes; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D006339:Heart Rate; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000502:physiology*; D063806:Myalgia / Q000503:physiopathology*; D010146:Pain / Q000503:physiopathology*; D020127:Recovery of Function / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers