title: Recommendations for the imaging assessment of prosthetic heart valves: a report from the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging endorsed by the Chinese Society of Echocardiography, the Inter-American Society of Echocardiography, and the Brazilian Department of Cardiovascular Imaging.
abstract: Prosthetic heart valve (PHV) dysfunction is rare but potentially life-threatening. Although often challenging, establishing the exact cause of PHV dysfunction is essential to determine the appropriate treatment strategy. In clinical practice, a comprehensive approach that integrates several parameters of valve morphology and function assessed with 2D/3D transthoracic and transoesophageal echocardiography is a key to appropriately detect and quantitate PHV dysfunction. Cinefluoroscopy, multidetector computed tomography, cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, and to a lesser extent, nuclear imaging are complementary tools for the diagnosis and management of PHV complications. The present document provides recommendations for the use of multimodality imaging in the assessment of PHVs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, GIGA-Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Liège Hospital, Liège, Belgium Gruppo Villa Maria Care and Research, Anthea Hospital, Bari, Italy plancellotti@chu.ulg.ac.be.
authors.forename: Patrizio
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lancellotti
authors.affiliation: Québec Heart and Lung Institute/Institut Universitaire de Cardiology et de Pneumologie de Québec, Québec, Canada Department of Cardiology, Laval University and Canada Research Chair in Valvular Heart Disease, Québec, Canada.
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pibarot
authors.affiliation: Guy's and St Thomas' Hospitals, London, UK.
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chambers
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Thor
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Edvardsen
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Heart Lung Center Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Victoria
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Delgado
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, GIGA-Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Liège Hospital, Liège, Belgium.
authors.forename: Raluca
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dulgheru
authors.affiliation: Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Mauro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pepi
authors.affiliation: Cardiology, Centrum voor Hart en Vaatziekten, UZ Brussel, Bruxelles, Belgium.
authors.forename: Bernard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Cosyns
authors.affiliation: BHF/University Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
authors.forename: Mark R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Dweck
authors.affiliation: King's Health Partners, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
authors.forename: Madalina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Garbi
authors.affiliation: CHU Limoges, Hôpital Dupuytren, Service Cardiologie, Limoges F-87042, France INSERM 1094, Faculté de médecine de Limoges, 2, rue Marcland, 87000 Limoges, France.
authors.forename: Julien
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Magne
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands Department of Radiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Koen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nieman
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Raphael
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rosenhek
authors.affiliation: Cardiology department, CHRU de Tours, F-37000 Tours, France François Rabelais University, Faculty of Medicine, F-37000 Tours, France.
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bernard
authors.affiliation: Servicio Cardiodiagnostico Investigaciones Médicas de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
authors.forename: Jorge
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lowenstein
authors.affiliation: Heart Institute (InCor), São Paulo University Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marcelo Luiz Campos
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Vieira
authors.affiliation: Hospital Pro Cardíaco Echocardiography Department Coordinator, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Arnaldo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rabischoffsky
authors.affiliation: Hospital Fuerza Aérea de Chile, Cardiología Clínica Las Condes, Valparaíso University, Valparaíso, Chile.
authors.forename: Rodrigo Hernández
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Vyhmeister
authors.affiliation: Cardiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital in Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Xiao
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Shandong University Qilu Hospital in Jinan, Shandong, China.
authors.forename: Yun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: University Alcala de Henares, Hospital Ramon y Cajal, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Jose-Luis
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Zamorano
authors.affiliation: Aix-Marseille Université, 13005 - Marseille, France Cardiology Department, APHM, La Timone Hospital, 13005 - Marseille, France.
authors.forename: Gilbert
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Habib
mesh_terms: D001705:Bioprosthesis; D001938:Brazil; D057791:Cardiac Imaging Techniques; D002681:China; D002933:Cineradiography / Q000379:methods; D004452:Echocardiography / Q000379:methods; D019560:Echocardiography, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods*; D017548:Echocardiography, Transesophageal / Q000379:methods; D006350:Heart Valve Prosthesis; D019918:Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D038622:Internationality; D019028:Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Cine / Q000379:methods; D061330:Multidetector Computed Tomography / Q000379:methods; D064847:Multimodal Imaging / Q000379:methods; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D011475:Prosthesis Failure; D012955:Societies, Medical; D014481:United States
keywords: cardiac magnetic resonance; cinefluoroscopy; computed tomography; echocardiography; nuclear imaging; prosthetic heart valve