title: Bone Repair with Differentiated Osteoblasts from Adipose-derived Stem Cells in Hydroxyapatite/Tricalcium Phosphate In vivo.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Recently, tissue engineering has developed approaches for repair and restoration of damaged skeletal system based on different scaffolds and cells. This study evaluated the ability of differentiated osteoblasts from adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) seeded into hydroxyapatite/tricalcium phosphate (HA-TCP) to repair bone.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this study, ADSCs of 6 canines were seeded in HA-TCP and differentiated into osteoblasts in osteogenic medium in vitro and bone markers evaluated by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was applied for detection of cells in the pores of scaffold. HA-TCP with differentiated cells as the test group and without cells as the cell-free group were implanted in separate defected sites of canine's tibia. After 8 weeks, specimens were evaluated by histological, immunohistochemical methods, and densitometry test. The data were analyzed using the SPSS 18 version software.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The expression of Type I collagen and osteocalcin genes in differentiated cells were indicated by RT-PCR. SEM results revealed the adhesion of cells in scaffold pores. Formation of trabecular bone confirmed by histological sections that revealed the thickness of bone trabecular was more in the test group. Production of osteopontin in extracellular matrix was indicated in both groups. Densitometry method indicated that strength in the test group was similar to cell-free group and natural bone (P > 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This research suggests that ADSCs-derived osteoblasts in HA-TCP could be used for bone tissue engineering and repairing.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
authors.forename: Batool
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hashemibeni
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad Branch, Isfahan, Iran.
authors.forename: Leila
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Dehghani
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
authors.forename: Farzaneh
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sadeghi
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
authors.forename: Ebrahim
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Esfandiari
authors.affiliation: Department of Tissue Engineering and Cell Therapy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Applied Biotechnology Center, Pajooheshgah Baqiatallah University and Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Masood
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gorbani
authors.affiliation: Torabinegad Dental Research Center, Dental School, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Akhavan
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad Branch, Isfahan, Iran; Isfahan Neurosciences Research Center, Al Zahra Hospital, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
authors.forename: Soheil T
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Tahani
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
authors.forename: Hamid
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bahramian
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Amine Hospital, Isfahan, Iran; Institute of Novin Tahlilgarane Nesfe-Jahan, Isfahan, Iran.
authors.forename: Vahid
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Goharian
keywords: Adipose-derived stem cells; animal model; bone repair; hydroxyapatite/tricalcium phosphate