title: Nanoscale metal-organic frameworks for combined photodynamic & radiation therapy in cancer treatment.
abstract: Nanoscale metal organic frameworks (NMOFs) have shown great potential in biomedicine owing to their structural/chemical diversities, high molecular loading capacities, and intrinsic biodegradability. Herein, we report the rational design of a NMOF composed by hafnium (Hf(4+)) and tetrakis (4-carboxyphenyl) porphyrin (TCPP). In such Hf-TCPP NMOFs, while TCPP is a photosensitizer to allow photodynamic therapy (PDT), Hf(4+) with strong X-ray attenuation ability could serve as a radio-sensitizer to enhance radiotherapy (RT). Those NMOFs with polyethylene glycol (PEG) coating show efficient tumor homing upon intravenous injection, and thus could be used for in vivo combined RT & PDT, achieving a remarkable anti-tumor effect. Importantly, Hf-TCPP NMOFs show efficient clearance from the mouse body, minimizing concerns regarding their possible long-term toxicity. Our work thus presents a new concept of developing multifunctional NMOFs as a biodegradable carrier-free system, in which both metal ions and organic ligands are fully utilized to exert their therapeutic functions.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China.
authors.forename: Jingjing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidad, Taipa, Macau, China.
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China.
authors.forename: Wenwen
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: School of Radiation Medicine and Protection & School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China.
authors.forename: Xuan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yi
authors.affiliation: Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China.
authors.forename: Ziliang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.affiliation: Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China.
authors.forename: Xiaona
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidad, Taipa, Macau, China.
authors.forename: Meiwan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: School of Radiation Medicine and Protection & School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China.
authors.forename: Kai
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China.
authors.forename: Guang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated, No.6 Hospital Yishan Road 600, Shanghai, 200233, China. Electronic address: jinger_28@sina.com.
authors.forename: Lixin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China. Electronic address: zliu@suda.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Zhuang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D006195:Hafnium / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D000073396:Metal-Organic Frameworks / Q000737:chemistry*; D008665:Metalloporphyrins / Q000627:therapeutic use; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D041681:NIH 3T3 Cells; D049329:Nanostructures / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D010778:Photochemotherapy; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: C503831:5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-carboxyphenyl)porphyrin cobalt; D000073396:Metal-Organic Frameworks; D008665:Metalloporphyrins; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D006195:Hafnium
keywords: Combination therapy; Nanoscale metal−organic framework; Photodynamic therapy; Radiation therapy