title: Assessment of human brown adipose tissue density during daily ingestion of thermogenic capsinoids using near-infrared time-resolved spectroscopy.
abstract: 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography combined with computed tomography (FDGPET/CT) is widely used as a standard method for evaluating human brown adipose tissue (BAT), a recognized therapeutic target of obesity. However, a longitudinal BAT study using FDG-PET/CT is lacking owing to limitations of the method. Near-infrared time-resolved spectroscopy (NIR(TRS)) is a technique for evaluating human BAT density noninvasively. This study aimed to test whether NIRTRS could detect changes in BAT density during or after long-term intervention. First, using FDG-PET/CT, we confirmed a significant increase (+48.8%, P < 0.05) in BAT activity in the supraclavicular region after 6-week treatment with thermogenic capsaicin analogs, capsinoids. Next, 20 volunteers were administered either capsinoids or placebo daily for 8 weeks in a double-blind design, and BAT density was measured using NIR(TRS) every 2 weeks during the 8-week treatment period and an 8-week period after stopping treatment. Consistent with FDG-PET/CT results, NIR(TRS) successfully detected an increase in BAT density during the 8-week treatment (+46.4%, P < 0.05), and a decrease in the 8-week follow-up period (-12.5%, P = 0.07), only in the capsinoid-treated, but not the placebo, group. Thus, NIR(TRS) can be applied for quantitative assessment of BAT in longitudinal intervention studies in humans.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Research Institute, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Division of Preventive Medicine, 1-1 Mukaihata-cho, Fukakusa, Kyoto, 612-8555, JapanbRitsumeikan University, Graduate School of Sport and Health Science, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi.
authors.forename: Shinsuke
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nirengi
authors.affiliation: Daito Bunka University, Faculty of Sports and Health Science, 1-9-1 Takashimadaira, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 175-8571, Japan.
authors.forename: Toshiyuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Homma
authors.affiliation: Ajinomoto Co., Inc., Institute of Food Science & Technologies, 1-1, Suzuki-cho, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki 210-8681, Japan.
authors.forename: Naohiko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Inoue
authors.affiliation: Ajinomoto Co., Inc., Health & Wellness Business Dept., 15-1, Kyobashi 1-chome, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-8315, Japan.
authors.forename: Hitoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.affiliation: Hokkaido University, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Kita 8, Nishi 5, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0808, Japan.
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yoneshiro
authors.affiliation: Tenshi College, Department of Nutrition, 1-30, Kita 13, Higashi 3, Higashi-ku, Sapporo 065-0013, Japan.
authors.forename: Mami
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Matsushita
authors.affiliation: LSI Sapporo Clinic, 2-50, Kita 13, Higashi 1, Higashi-ku, Sapporo 065-0013, Japan.
authors.forename: Toshimitsu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kameya
authors.affiliation: LSI Sapporo Clinic, 2-50, Kita 13, Higashi 1, Higashi-ku, Sapporo 065-0013, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sugie
authors.affiliation: Clinical Research Institute, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Division of Preventive Medicine, 1-1 Mukaihata-cho, Fukakusa, Kyoto, 612-8555, Japan.
authors.forename: Kokoro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tsuzaki
authors.affiliation: Hokkaido University, Kita 8, Nishi 5, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0808, Japan.
authors.forename: Masayuki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Saito
authors.affiliation: Clinical Research Institute, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Division of Preventive Medicine, 1-1 Mukaihata-cho, Fukakusa, Kyoto, 612-8555, Japan.
authors.forename: Naoki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sakane
authors.affiliation: Tokyo Medical University, Department of Sports Medicine for Health Promotion, 6-1-1 Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kurosawa
authors.affiliation: Tokyo Medical University, Department of Sports Medicine for Health Promotion, 6-1-1 Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan.
authors.forename: Takafumi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hamaoka
mesh_terms: D002001:Adipose Tissue, Brown / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D000284:Administration, Oral; D000328:Adult; D002211:Capsaicin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D000072078:Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography; D019265:Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared / Q000379:methods*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D002211:Capsaicin