title: Positive feedback during sulfide oxidation fine-tunes cellular affinity for oxygen.
abstract: Sulfide (H2S in the gas form) is the third gaseous transmitter found in mammals. However, in contrast to nitric oxide (NO) or carbon monoxide (CO), sulfide is oxidized by a sulfide quinone reductase and generates electrons that enter the mitochondrial respiratory chain arriving ultimately at cytochrome oxidase, where they combine with oxygen to generate water. In addition, sulfide is also a strong inhibitor of cytochrome oxidase, similar to NO, CO and cyanide. The balance between the electron donor and the inhibitory role of sulfide is likely controlled by sulfide and oxygen availability. The present study aimed to evaluate if and how sulfide release and oxidation impacts on the cellular affinity for oxygen.
  
  
  
  i) when sulfide delivery approaches the maximal sulfide oxidation rate cells become exquisitely dependent on oxygen; ii) a positive feedback makes the balance between sulfide-releasing and -oxidizing rates the relevant parameter rather than the absolute values of these rates, and; iii) this altered dependence on oxygen is detected with sulfide concentrations that remain in the low micromolar range.
  
  
  
  i) within the context of continuous release of sulfide stemming from cellular metabolism, alterations in the activity of the sulfide oxidation pathway fine-tunes the cell's affinity for oxygen, and; ii) a decrease in the expression of the sulfide oxidation pathway greatly enhances the cell's dependence on oxygen concentration.
authors.affiliation: Inserm U1016, Institut Cochin, 75014 Paris, France; CNRS UM8104, Institut Cochin, 75014 Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes UMR-S1016, Institut Cochin, 75014 Paris, France.
authors.forename: Abbas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Abou-Hamdan
authors.affiliation: Inserm U1016, Institut Cochin, 75014 Paris, France; CNRS UM8104, Institut Cochin, 75014 Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes UMR-S1016, Institut Cochin, 75014 Paris, France.
authors.forename: Céline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ransy
authors.affiliation: CNRS UMR8601, 45 rue des Saint Pères, 75006 Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Comue Sorbonne Paris Cité, 45 rue des Saint Pères, 75006 Paris, France.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Roger
authors.affiliation: Inserm U1016, Institut Cochin, 75014 Paris, France; CNRS UM8104, Institut Cochin, 75014 Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes UMR-S1016, Institut Cochin, 75014 Paris, France.
authors.forename: Hala
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Guedouari-Bounihi
authors.affiliation: CNRS UMR8601, 45 rue des Saint Pères, 75006 Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Comue Sorbonne Paris Cité, 45 rue des Saint Pères, 75006 Paris, France.
authors.forename: Erwan
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Galardon
authors.affiliation: Inserm U1016, Institut Cochin, 75014 Paris, France; CNRS UM8104, Institut Cochin, 75014 Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes UMR-S1016, Institut Cochin, 75014 Paris, France. Electronic address: frederic.bouillaud@inserm.fr.
authors.forename: Frédéric
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bouillaud
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016466:CHO Cells; D003412:Cricetulus; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010100:Oxygen / Q000378:metabolism*; D013440:Sulfides / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D013440:Sulfides; D010100:Oxygen
keywords: Hydrogen sulfide; Hypoxia; Mitochondria; Positive feedback; Sulfide quinone reductase