title: Zn or O? An Atomic Level Comparison on Antibacterial Activities of Zinc Oxides.
abstract: For the first time, the influence of different types of atoms (Zn and O) on the antibacterial activities of nanosized ZnO was quantitatively evaluated with the aid of a 3D-printing-manufactured evaluation system. Two different outermost atomic layers were manufactured separately by using an ALD (atomic layer deposition) method. Interestingly, we found that each outermost atomic layer exhibited certain differences against gram-positive or gram-negative bacterial species. Zinc atoms as outermost layer (ZnO-Zn) showed a more pronounced antibacterial effect towards gram-negative E. coli (Escherichia coli), whereas oxygen atoms (ZnO-O) showed a stronger antibacterial activity against gram-positive S. aureus (Staphylococcus aureus). A possible antibacterial mechanism has been comprehensively discussed from different perspectives, including Zn(2+) concentrations, oxygen vacancies, photocatalytic activities and the DNA structural characteristics of different bacterial species.
authors.affiliation: College of Chemistry, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330031, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Fen
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory on High Power Semiconductor Lasers, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, Jilin, 130022, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Xuan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.affiliation: National Engineering Technology Research Center for LED on Si Substrate, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330047, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Huimin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jia
authors.affiliation: College of Chemistry, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330031, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Miaoxing
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330088, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Xiaotong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.affiliation: Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330088, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Chaowen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Xue
authors.affiliation: Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330088, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Tingtao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory on High Power Semiconductor Lasers, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, Jilin, 130022, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Zhipeng
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.affiliation: National Engineering Technology Research Center for LED on Si Substrate, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330047, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Fang
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.affiliation: College of Chemistry, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330031, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330088, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Hongbo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Xin
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, 130022, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.affiliation: College of Chemistry, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330031, P. R. China. wangxiaolei@ncu.edu.cn.|Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330088, P. R. China. wangxiaolei@ncu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Xiaolei
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D018625:Microscopy, Atomic Force; D010100:Oxygen / Q000737:chemistry*; D066330:Printing, Three-Dimensional; D012235:Rhodamines / Q000737:chemistry; D013056:Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays; D015032:Zinc / Q000737:chemistry*; D015034:Zinc Oxide / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D012235:Rhodamines; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D015032:Zinc; C029773:rhodamine B; D010100:Oxygen; D015034:Zinc Oxide
keywords: 3D printing; antibacterial activity; atomic layer deposition; atomic level studies; zinc oxide