title: Nontraumatic posterior urethral stenosis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Posterior urethral stenoses and contractures are complications after treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), localised prostate cancer (PCa), and orthotopic neobladder formation, compromising prognosis and functional outcomes.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To identify factors related to aetiology, prevention and treatment of non-traumatic posterior urethral stenosis and contractures.
  
  
  METHODS
  Review of the published evidence related to posterior urethral stenosis and contractures after PCa treatment, BPH therapies and orthotopic neobladder formation. PubMed database search with English and Spanish papers considered. Cohort studies, case series, prospective and retrospective studies and review papers were included.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Posterior urethral stenoses and contractures are common, leading to significant morbidity. A worsening on voiding quality should rise some concerns. Careful surgical and/or radiotherapic techniques prevent their development. Endoscopic therapies are the initial approach, with complex urethroplasties often required. Subsequent urinary incontinence, the most important sequelae, may need artificial sphincters.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Non-traumatic posterior urethral stenoses could be important complications, potentially compromising the outcomes of initial therapy. They could require complex surgeries leading to urinary incontinence.
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Urología, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, España. Electronic address: fcampos@humv.es.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Campos-Juanatey
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Urología, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, España; Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, España.
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Portillo Martín
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Urología, Hospital del Trabajador, Santiago, Chile; Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gómez Illanes
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Urología, Hospital del Trabajador, Santiago, Chile.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Velarde Ramos
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D011468:Prostatectomy; D014525:Urethral Stricture / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D013520:Urologic Surgical Procedures
keywords: Estenosis de uretra posterior; Estenosis posprostatectomía; Posterior urethral stenosis; Postprostatectomy stenosis; Tratamiento de estenosis no traumáticas de uretra posterior; Treatment of nontraumatic posterior urethral stenosis