title: Fast, Temperature-Sensitive and Clathrin-Independent Endocytosis at Central Synapses.
abstract: The fusion of neurotransmitter-filled vesicles during synaptic transmission is balanced by endocytotic membrane retrieval. Despite extensive research, the speed and mechanisms of synaptic vesicle endocytosis have remained controversial. Here, we establish low-noise time-resolved membrane capacitance measurements that allow monitoring changes in surface membrane area elicited by single action potentials and stronger stimuli with high-temporal resolution at physiological temperature in individual bona-fide mature central synapses. We show that single action potentials trigger very rapid endocytosis, retrieving presynaptic membrane with a time constant of 470 ms. This fast endocytosis is independent of clathrin but mediated by dynamin and actin. In contrast, stronger stimuli evoke a slower mode of endocytosis that is clathrin, dynamin, and actin dependent. Furthermore, the speed of endocytosis is highly temperature dependent with a Q10 of ∼3.5. These results demonstrate that distinct molecular modes of endocytosis with markedly different kinetics operate at central synapses.
authors.affiliation: Carl-Ludwig-Institute for Physiology, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Liebigstrasse 27, 04103 Leipzig, Germany. Electronic address: igor.delvendahl@medizin.uni-leipzig.de.
authors.forename: Igor
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Delvendahl
authors.affiliation: The Vollum Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA.
authors.forename: Nicholas P
authors.initials: NP
authors.lastname: Vyleta
authors.affiliation: The Vollum Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA.
authors.forename: Henrique
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: von Gersdorff
authors.affiliation: Carl-Ludwig-Institute for Physiology, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Liebigstrasse 27, 04103 Leipzig, Germany. Electronic address: hallermann@medizin.uni-leipzig.de.
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hallermann
mesh_terms: D000200:Action Potentials / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D002966:Clathrin / Q000378:metabolism*; D004705:Endocytosis / Q000502:physiology*; D004964:Estriol / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000502:physiology; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000378:metabolism; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D051381:Rats; D009435:Synaptic Transmission / Q000502:physiology; D013696:Temperature; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D002966:Clathrin; C009341:estriol succinate; D004964:Estriol