title: Rational Design of Bioelectrochemically Multifunctional Film with Oxidase, Ferrocene, and Graphene Oxide for Development of in Vivo Electrochemical Biosensors.
abstract: This study demonstrates a new strategy to develop in vivo electrochemical biosensors through rational design and simple formation of bioelectrochemically multifunctional film (BMF). The BMF is rationally designed by first efficiently incorporating oxidase, ferrocene mediator, and graphene oxide into polymaleimidostyrene/polystyrene (PMS/PS) matrix to form a homogeneous mixture and then simply formed by drop-coating the mixture onto solid conducting substrate. By using the as-formed BMF, electrochemical biosensors could be constructed with a technical simplicity and high reproducibility. To illustrate the BMF-based biosensors for in vivo applications, we directly couple the biosensors to in vivo microdialysis to establish an online electrochemical system (OECS) for in vivo monitoring of glucose in rat auditory cortex during salicylate-induced tinnitus model. The OECS with the BMF-based biosensor as the detector shows a linear response toward glucose within a concentration range from 50 to 500 μM with a detection limit of 10 μM (S/N = 3). Additionally, the OECS is stable and does not suffer from the interference from the electroactive species endogenously coexisting in the brain microdialysate. With the BMF-based OECS, the basal level of glucose in the microdialysate continuously sampled from rat auditory cortex is determined to be 120 ± 10 μM (n = 5). After the rats were administrated with salicylate to induce transient tinnitus, the microdialysate glucose concentration in the rat auditory cortex remarkably increased to 433 ± 190 μM (n = 5) at the time point of 1.5 h. This study essentially offers a new, technically simple and reproducible approach to development of in vivo electrochemical biosensors, which is envisaged to be relatively useful for understanding of the molecular basis of brain functions.
authors.affiliation: School of Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical, Environmental and Biological Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology , Dalian 116024, China.
authors.forename: Xiuyun
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: School of Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical, Environmental and Biological Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology , Dalian 116024, China.
authors.forename: Qian
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: School of Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical, Environmental and Biological Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology , Dalian 116024, China.
authors.forename: Jingjing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: School of Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical, Environmental and Biological Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology , Dalian 116024, China.
authors.forename: Shuo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, The Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) , Beijing 100190, China.
authors.forename: Tongfang
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.affiliation: Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, The Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) , Beijing 100190, China.
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hao
authors.affiliation: Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, The Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) , Beijing 100190, China.
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, The Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) , Beijing 100190, China.
authors.forename: Lanqun
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mao
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001303:Auditory Cortex / Q000737:chemistry / Q000473:pathology; D015374:Biosensing Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D055664:Electrochemical Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation; D004867:Equipment Design; D005947:Glucose / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D006108:Graphite / Q000737:chemistry*; D000075163:Metallocenes / Q000737:chemistry*; D010087:Oxides / Q000737:chemistry*; D010088:Oxidoreductases / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D012459:Salicylates; D014012:Tinnitus / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D000075163:Metallocenes; D010087:Oxides; D012459:Salicylates; D006108:Graphite; D010088:Oxidoreductases; D005947:Glucose