title: Multiple Myeloma Mortality in Relation to Obesity Among African Americans.
abstract: Multiple myeloma (MM) incidence and mortality are higher among African Americans (AAs) than among other population groups. The prevalence of obesity is also elevated among AAs, but few studies have examined risk of this cancer in relation to body size among AAs. We combined data from seven prospective cohorts tracking mortality among 239 597 AA adults and used Cox proportional hazards regression to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for death because of MM according to body mass index (BMI) at cohort entry, adjusted for age (as time-scale) and sex. Relative to those with normal BMIs (18.5-25 kg/m(2)), mortality increased monotonically as BMI increased, with hazard ratios reaching 1.43 (95% CI = 1.03 to 1.97) for BMIs of 35 kg/m(2) or greater. The findings suggest that obesity is a risk factor for MM and a contributor to the elevated rates and rising incidence trends of MM among AAs in the United States.
authors.affiliation: International Epidemiology Institute, Rockville, MD (JSS, WJB); Slone Epidemiology Center, Boston University, Boston, MA (TNB, JRP); Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD (CMK, YP, MPP, RZSS); American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA (AVP, LRT); Epidemiology and Genomics Research Program, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD (CH, EMG); Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA (SFK, GEF); Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO (YP); University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI (SYP); Office of Public Health Studies, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI (LNK); Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN (WJB).
authors.forename: Jennifer S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Sonderman
authors.affiliation: International Epidemiology Institute, Rockville, MD (JSS, WJB); Slone Epidemiology Center, Boston University, Boston, MA (TNB, JRP); Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD (CMK, YP, MPP, RZSS); American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA (AVP, LRT); Epidemiology and Genomics Research Program, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD (CH, EMG); Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA (SFK, GEF); Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO (YP); University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI (SYP); Office of Public Health Studies, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI (LNK); Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN (WJB).
authors.forename: Traci N
authors.initials: TN
authors.lastname: Bethea
authors.affiliation: International Epidemiology Institute, Rockville, MD (JSS, WJB); Slone Epidemiology Center, Boston University, Boston, MA (TNB, JRP); Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD (CMK, YP, MPP, RZSS); American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA (AVP, LRT); Epidemiology and Genomics Research Program, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD (CH, EMG); Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA (SFK, GEF); Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO (YP); University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI (SYP); Office of Public Health Studies, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI (LNK); Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN (WJB).
authors.forename: Cari M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Kitahara
authors.affiliation: International Epidemiology Institute, Rockville, MD (JSS, WJB); Slone Epidemiology Center, Boston University, Boston, MA (TNB, JRP); Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD (CMK, YP, MPP, RZSS); American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA (AVP, LRT); Epidemiology and Genomics Research Program, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD (CH, EMG); Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA (SFK, GEF); Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO (YP); University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI (SYP); Office of Public Health Studies, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI (LNK); Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN (WJB).
authors.forename: Alpa V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.affiliation: International Epidemiology Institute, Rockville, MD (JSS, WJB); Slone Epidemiology Center, Boston University, Boston, MA (TNB, JRP); Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD (CMK, YP, MPP, RZSS); American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA (AVP, LRT); Epidemiology and Genomics Research Program, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD (CH, EMG); Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA (SFK, GEF); Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO (YP); University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI (SYP); Office of Public Health Studies, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI (LNK); Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN (WJB).
authors.forename: Chinonye
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Harvey
authors.affiliation: International Epidemiology Institute, Rockville, MD (JSS, WJB); Slone Epidemiology Center, Boston University, Boston, MA (TNB, JRP); Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD (CMK, YP, MPP, RZSS); American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA (AVP, LRT); Epidemiology and Genomics Research Program, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD (CH, EMG); Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA (SFK, GEF); Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO (YP); University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI (SYP); Office of Public Health Studies, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI (LNK); Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN (WJB).
authors.forename: Synnøve F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Knutsen
authors.affiliation: International Epidemiology Institute, Rockville, MD (JSS, WJB); Slone Epidemiology Center, Boston University, Boston, MA (TNB, JRP); Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD (CMK, YP, MPP, RZSS); American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA (AVP, LRT); Epidemiology and Genomics Research Program, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD (CH, EMG); Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA (SFK, GEF); Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO (YP); University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI (SYP); Office of Public Health Studies, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI (LNK); Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN (WJB).
authors.forename: Yikyung
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: International Epidemiology Institute, Rockville, MD (JSS, WJB); Slone Epidemiology Center, Boston University, Boston, MA (TNB, JRP); Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD (CMK, YP, MPP, RZSS); American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA (AVP, LRT); Epidemiology and Genomics Research Program, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD (CH, EMG); Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA (SFK, GEF); Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO (YP); University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI (SYP); Office of Public Health Studies, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI (LNK); Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN (WJB).
authors.forename: Song-Yi
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: International Epidemiology Institute, Rockville, MD (JSS, WJB); Slone Epidemiology Center, Boston University, Boston, MA (TNB, JRP); Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD (CMK, YP, MPP, RZSS); American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA (AVP, LRT); Epidemiology and Genomics Research Program, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD (CH, EMG); Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA (SFK, GEF); Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO (YP); University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI (SYP); Office of Public Health Studies, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI (LNK); Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN (WJB).
authors.forename: Gary E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Fraser
authors.affiliation: International Epidemiology Institute, Rockville, MD (JSS, WJB); Slone Epidemiology Center, Boston University, Boston, MA (TNB, JRP); Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD (CMK, YP, MPP, RZSS); American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA (AVP, LRT); Epidemiology and Genomics Research Program, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD (CH, EMG); Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA (SFK, GEF); Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO (YP); University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI (SYP); Office of Public Health Studies, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI (LNK); Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN (WJB).
authors.forename: Lauren R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Teras
authors.affiliation: International Epidemiology Institute, Rockville, MD (JSS, WJB); Slone Epidemiology Center, Boston University, Boston, MA (TNB, JRP); Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD (CMK, YP, MPP, RZSS); American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA (AVP, LRT); Epidemiology and Genomics Research Program, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD (CH, EMG); Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA (SFK, GEF); Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO (YP); University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI (SYP); Office of Public Health Studies, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI (LNK); Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN (WJB).
authors.forename: Mark P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Purdue
authors.affiliation: International Epidemiology Institute, Rockville, MD (JSS, WJB); Slone Epidemiology Center, Boston University, Boston, MA (TNB, JRP); Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD (CMK, YP, MPP, RZSS); American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA (AVP, LRT); Epidemiology and Genomics Research Program, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD (CH, EMG); Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA (SFK, GEF); Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO (YP); University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI (SYP); Office of Public Health Studies, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI (LNK); Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN (WJB).
authors.forename: Rachael Z
authors.initials: RZ
authors.lastname: Stolzenberg-Solomon
authors.affiliation: International Epidemiology Institute, Rockville, MD (JSS, WJB); Slone Epidemiology Center, Boston University, Boston, MA (TNB, JRP); Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD (CMK, YP, MPP, RZSS); American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA (AVP, LRT); Epidemiology and Genomics Research Program, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD (CH, EMG); Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA (SFK, GEF); Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO (YP); University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI (SYP); Office of Public Health Studies, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI (LNK); Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN (WJB).
authors.forename: Elizabeth M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Gillanders
authors.affiliation: International Epidemiology Institute, Rockville, MD (JSS, WJB); Slone Epidemiology Center, Boston University, Boston, MA (TNB, JRP); Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD (CMK, YP, MPP, RZSS); American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA (AVP, LRT); Epidemiology and Genomics Research Program, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD (CH, EMG); Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA (SFK, GEF); Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO (YP); University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI (SYP); Office of Public Health Studies, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI (LNK); Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN (WJB).
authors.forename: Julie R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Palmer
authors.affiliation: International Epidemiology Institute, Rockville, MD (JSS, WJB); Slone Epidemiology Center, Boston University, Boston, MA (TNB, JRP); Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD (CMK, YP, MPP, RZSS); American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA (AVP, LRT); Epidemiology and Genomics Research Program, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD (CH, EMG); Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA (SFK, GEF); Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO (YP); University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI (SYP); Office of Public Health Studies, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI (LNK); Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN (WJB).
authors.forename: Laurence N
authors.initials: LN
authors.lastname: Kolonel
authors.affiliation: International Epidemiology Institute, Rockville, MD (JSS, WJB); Slone Epidemiology Center, Boston University, Boston, MA (TNB, JRP); Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD (CMK, YP, MPP, RZSS); American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA (AVP, LRT); Epidemiology and Genomics Research Program, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD (CH, EMG); Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA (SFK, GEF); Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO (YP); University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI (SYP); Office of Public Health Studies, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI (LNK); Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN (WJB) william.j.blot@vanderbilt.edu.
authors.forename: William J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Blot
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015992:Body Mass Index; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009101:Multiple Myeloma / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000401:mortality*; D009765:Obesity / Q000208:ethnology*; D015995:Prevalence; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011446:Prospective Studies; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult