title: Altered Expression of Imprinted Genes in Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Genomic imprinting is associated with many human diseases, including various types of cancers, however, no studies on gene imprinting are related to squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN) directly.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this study, the expression of a panel of 15 imprinted genes in cancerous and non-cancerous tissues from 73 patients with SCCHN were investigated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Altered expression of carboxypeptidase A4 (CPA4); protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 9A (PPP1R9A); H19, imprinted maternally expressed transcript (non-protein coding) (H19); paternally expressed gene 3 antisense RNA 1 (PEG3-AS1); retrotransposon-like 1 (RTL1), insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2); solute carrier family 22 member 3 (SLC22A3); and gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor beta3 subunit (GABRB3) was observed. Down-regulation of PPP1R9A (p<0.05) and GABRB3 (p<0.05) was correlated with more advanced cancer stages. Down-regulation of PEG3-AS1 (p<0.05) and GABRB3 (p<0.01) was correlated with lymph node metastasis. Poor survival was related to higher expression of CPA4 (p<0.01) and lower expression of PEG3-AS1 (p<0.05) and IGF2 (p<0.05). Chemotherapy was also found to have an impact on the expression of imprinted genes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Loss of imprinting is involved in tumorigenesis of SCCHN.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan, R.O.C. Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan, R.O.C.
authors.forename: Cheng-Ming
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.affiliation: Department of Nursing, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan, R.O.C.
authors.forename: Pai-Mei
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan, R.O.C.
authors.forename: Hsin-Ching
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan, R.O.C.
authors.forename: Chi-Chih
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Lai
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan, R.O.C. Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan, R.O.C.
authors.forename: Chao-Hui
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan, R.O.C. Faculty of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan, R.O.C. shlin@cc.kmu.edu.tw yangmy@mail.cgu.edu.tw.
authors.forename: Sheng-Fung
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan, R.O.C. shlin@cc.kmu.edu.tw yangmy@mail.cgu.edu.tw.
authors.forename: Ming-Yu
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000556:secondary; D005260:Female; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D018392:Genomic Imprinting; D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*; D009367:Neoplasm Staging
chemical_list: D009363:Neoplasm Proteins
keywords: Squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN); genomic imprinting; imprinted genes; real-time quantitative RT-PCR