title: Lifestyle changes for the treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a review of observational studies and intervention trials.
abstract: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is emerging as a major public health problem because of its association with increased cardiovascular and liver-related morbidity and mortality. Both genetic factors and lifestyle contribute to the pathogenesis of NAFLD. Lifestyle, including dietary habits and physical activity, is a modifiable risk factor and thus represents the main target for the prevention and treatment of NAFLD. In this review, we summarize the evidence regarding nutritional aspects (i.e. total energy intake, saturated fat and carbohydrates intake, certain foods or drinks and dietary patterns as a whole) in the treatment of NAFLD. In addition, we analyze the evidence concerning the independent effect of physical activity, including aerobic and resistance training, in the treatment of NAFLD. A therapeutic algorithm according to results from intervention trials is also provided for clinicians and other healthcare professionals involved in the management of NAFLD.
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, Faculty of Social Welfare and Health Sciences, University of Haifa.
authors.forename: Shira
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zelber-Sagi
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.
authors.forename: Justyna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Godos
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, Ospedale di Acireale, Azienda Sanitaria Provinciale di Catania, Catania, Italy.
authors.forename: Federico
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Salomone
keywords: coffee; diet; lifestyle; nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; physical activity