title: Does Celiac Disease Influence Survival in Sepsis? A Nationwide Longitudinal Study.
abstract: Individuals with celiac disease (CD) are at increased risk of sepsis. The aim of this study was to examine whether CD influences survival in sepsis of bacterial origin.
  
  
  
  Nationwide longitudinal registry-based study. Through data on small intestinal biopsies from Sweden's 28 pathology departments, we identified 29,096 individuals with CD (villous atrophy, Marsh stage III). Each individual with CD was matched with five population-based controls. Among these, 5,470 had a record of sepsis according to the Swedish Patient Register (1,432 celiac individuals and 4,038 controls). Finally we retrieved data on mortality in sepsis patients through the Swedish Cause of Death Registry.
  
  
  
  CD was associated with a 19% increase in overall mortality after sepsis (95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.09-1.29), with the highest relative risk occurring in children (adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) = 1.62; 95%CI = 0.67-3.91). However, aHR for death from sepsis was lower (aHR = 1.10) and failed to reach statistical significance (95%CI = 0.72-1.69). CD did not influence survival within 28 days after sepsis (aHR = 0.98; 95%CI = 0.80-1.19).
  
  
  
  Although individuals with CD seem to be at an increased risk of overall death after sepsis, that excess risk does not differ from the general excess mortality previously seen in celiac patients in Sweden. CD as such does not seem to influence short-term or sepsis-specific survival in individuals with sepsis and therefore is not an independent risk factor for poor prognosis in sepsis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Kalmar County Hospital, Kalmar, Sweden.|School of Health and Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Röckert Tjernberg
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases, Kalmar County Hospital, Kalmar, Sweden.|Zoonotic Ecology and Epidemiology, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden.
authors.forename: Jonas
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bonnedahl
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.|Department of Pediatrics, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro, Sweden.
authors.forename: Jonas F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Ludvigsson
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001419:Bacteria / Q000145:classification*; D002446:Celiac Disease / Q000473:pathology*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D000069196:Gastrointestinal Microbiome; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012042:Registries; D018805:Sepsis / Q000382:microbiology / Q000401:mortality* / Q000473:pathology; D013548:Sweden; D055815:Young Adult