title: Consequences of 'tiger' parenting: a cross-cultural study of maternal psychological control and children's cortisol stress response.
abstract: Parenting strategies involving psychological control are associated with increased adjustment problems in children. However, no research has examined the extent to which culture and psychological control predict children's stress physiology. We examine cultural differences in maternal psychological control and its associations with children's cortisol. Chinese (N = 59) and American (N = 45) mother-child dyads participated in the study. Mothers reported on psychological control. Children's cortisol was collected during a stressor and two indices of Area Under the Curve (AUC) were computed: AUCg which accounts for total output, and AUCi, which captures reactivity. Results indicate that Chinese mothers reported higher levels of psychological control and Chinese children had higher levels of AUCg than their American counterparts. Across both cultures, psychological control was significantly associated with increased cortisol levels as indexed by AUCg. There were no associations for AUCi. Finally, mediation analyses demonstrated that psychological control fully explained cultural differences in children's cortisol stress response as indexed by AUCg.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Claremont McKenna College, USA.
authors.forename: Stacey N
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Doan
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, University of Michigan, USA.
authors.forename: Twila
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tardif
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, USA.
authors.forename: Alison
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, University of Michigan, USA.
authors.forename: Sheryl
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Olson
authors.affiliation: Departments of Psychiatry and Philosophy, University of Michigan, USA.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-2052-025X
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kessler
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan, USA.
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Felt
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology and Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, Peking University, China.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D044466:Asian People / Q000523:psychology; D002648:Child; D003431:Cross-Cultural Comparison; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000032:analysis*; D009035:Mothers / Q000523:psychology; D016487:Parenting / Q000208:ethnology*; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000208:ethnology / Q000209:etiology*; D044465:White People / Q000523:psychology
chemical_list: D006854:Hydrocortisone