title: Virtual monoenergetic reconstruction of contrast-enhanced dual energy CT at 70keV maximizes mural enhancement in acute small bowel obstruction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In patients with small bowel obstruction (SBO), it is challenging to detect early ischemia. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the quantitative and qualitative benefits of virtual monoenergetic image (VMI) reconstruction in the assessment of small bowel mural enhancement on dual source dual energy computed tomography (CT) scans of the abdomen.
  
  
  METHODS
  Institutional review board approval was obtained, for this retrospective analysis. 72 consecutive patients with acute SBO were scanned using a second generation 128-slice dual source, CT system. Images were reconstructed at VMI energy levels from 40 to 110keV in 10keV increments and were analysed quantitatively and qualitatively. Contrast to noise ratios (CNR) and signal to noise ratios (SNR) for mural enhancement were recorded for all VMI datasets and compared to conventional polychromatic images (PCI) at 120kVp. Subjective analysis of mural enhancement on VMI and PCI was performed by 3 blinded readers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Optimal CNR values for small intestinal mural enhancement were observed at 70keV. Qualitative assessment revealed that there was no statistical difference in diagnostic accuracy between VMI and PCI. All readers reported improved confidence when assessing the contrast enhancement on the 70keV VMI dataset and in our series, 2 additional cases of ischemia were identified on this reconstruction.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Contrast-enhanced dual source dual energy CT with VMI reconstruction at 70keV maximizes the CNR of small bowel mural enhancement and increases the overall diagnostic confidence in assessing mural enhancement in patients with SBO.
authors.affiliation: Vancouver General Hospital, Department of Radiology, 3350-950 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 1M9, Canada. Electronic address: darraske@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Kathryn E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Darras
authors.affiliation: Vancouver General Hospital, Department of Radiology, 3350-950 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 1M9, Canada; University of British Columbia, 3350-950 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 1M9, Canada. Electronic address: mclaughlin.paddy@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Patrick D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: McLaughlin
authors.affiliation: Vancouver General Hospital, Department of Radiology, 3350-950 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 1M9, Canada. Electronic address: tkang@alumni.ubc.ca.
authors.forename: Heejun
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.affiliation: Vancouver General Hospital, Department of Radiology, 3350-950 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 1M9, Canada. Electronic address: brian.black@alumni.ubc.ca.
authors.forename: Brian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Black
authors.affiliation: University of British Columbia, 3350-950 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 1M9, Canada. Electronic address: walshetriona@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Triona
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Walshe
authors.affiliation: Vancouver General Hospital, Department of Radiology, 3350-950 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 1M9, Canada; University of British Columbia, 3350-950 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 1M9, Canada. Electronic address: silvia.chang@vch.ca.
authors.forename: Silvia D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Vancouver General Hospital, Department of Radiology, 3350-950 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 1M9, Canada; University of British Columbia, 3350-950 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 1M9, Canada. Electronic address: alison.harris@vch.ca.
authors.forename: Alison C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Harris
authors.affiliation: Vancouver General Hospital, Department of Radiology, 3350-950 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 1M9, Canada; University of British Columbia, 3350-950 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 1M9, Canada. Electronic address: savvas.nicolaou@vch.ca.
authors.forename: Savvas
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nicolaou
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003287:Contrast Media; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D007415:Intestinal Obstruction / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D007421:Intestine, Small / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011856:Radiographic Image Enhancement; D015900:Radiography, Dual-Energy Scanned Projection / Q000379:methods*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D059629:Signal-To-Noise Ratio; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media
keywords: Dual energy CT; Intestinal ischemia; Small bowel obstruction; Virtual monoenergetic imaging