title: Chemically sulfated natural galactomannans with specific antiviral and anticoagulant activities.
abstract: Naturally occurring galactomannans were sulfated to give sulfated galactomannans with degrees of substitution of 0.7-1.4 per sugar unit and molecular weights of M¯n=0.6×10(4)-2.4×10(4). Sulfated galactomannans were found to have specific biological activities in vitro such as anticoagulant, anti-HIV and anti-Dengue virus activities. The biological activities were compared with those of standard dextran and curdlan sulfates, which are polysaccharides with potent antiviral activity and low cytotoxicity. It was found that sulfated galactomannans had moderate to high anticoagulant activity, 13.4-36.6unit/mg, compared to that of dextran and curdlan sulfates, 22.7 and 10.0unit/mg, and high anti-HIV and anti-Dengue virus activities, 0.04-0.8μg/mL and 0.2-1.1μg/mL, compared to those curdlan sulfates, 0.1μg/mL, respectively. The cytotoxicity on MT-4 and LCC-MK2 cells was low. Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) of sulfated galactomannans revealed strong interaction with poly-l-lysine as a model compound of virus proteins, and suggested that the specific biological activities might originate in the electrostatic interaction of negatively charged sulfate groups of sulfated galactomannans and positively charged amino groups of surface proteins of viruses. These results suggest that sulfated galactomannans effectively prevented the infection of cells by viruses and the degree of substitution and molecular weights played important roles in the biological activities.
authors.affiliation: Department of Bio and Environmental Chemistry, Kitami Institute of Technology, 165 Koen-cho Kitami 090-8507, Hokkaido, Japan; College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Green catalysis, Inner Mongolia Normal University, Hohhot 010022, China.
authors.forename: Tegshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Muschin
authors.affiliation: Department of Bio and Environmental Chemistry, Kitami Institute of Technology, 165 Koen-cho Kitami 090-8507, Hokkaido, Japan.
authors.forename: Davaanyam
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Budragchaa
authors.affiliation: St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Miyamae-ku, Kawasaki 216-8511, Japan.
authors.forename: Taisei
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kanamoto
authors.affiliation: St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Miyamae-ku, Kawasaki 216-8511, Japan.
authors.forename: Hideki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nakashima
authors.affiliation: Translational ID Lab, Department of Microbiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 14 Medical Drive, #15-02 Centre for Translational Medicine (MD6), Singapore 117599, Singapore, Singapore.
authors.forename: Koji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ichiyama
authors.affiliation: Translational ID Lab, Department of Microbiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 14 Medical Drive, #15-02 Centre for Translational Medicine (MD6), Singapore 117599, Singapore, Singapore.
authors.forename: Naoki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.affiliation: Department of Bio and Environmental Chemistry, Kitami Institute of Technology, 165 Koen-cho Kitami 090-8507, Hokkaido, Japan.
authors.forename: Han
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shuqin
authors.affiliation: Department of Bio and Environmental Chemistry, Kitami Institute of Technology, 165 Koen-cho Kitami 090-8507, Hokkaido, Japan. Electronic address: yoshida@chem.kitami-it.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yoshida
mesh_terms: D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003715:Dengue / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000821:virology; D003716:Dengue Virus / Q000187:drug effects*; D005690:Galactose / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D006678:HIV / Q000187:drug effects*; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000821:virology; D006801:Humans; D008351:Mannans / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011107:Polylysine / Q000737:chemistry; D013431:Sulfates / Q000737:chemistry; D047071:beta-Glucans / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants; D000998:Antiviral Agents; D008351:Mannans; D013431:Sulfates; D047071:beta-Glucans; C012990:galactomannan; D011107:Polylysine; C063130:curdlan sulfate; D005690:Galactose
keywords: Antiviral activity; SPR; Sulfated natural galactomannan