title: Tenogenic modulating insider factor: Systematic assessment on the functions of tenomodulin gene.
abstract: Tenomodulin (TNMD, Tnmd) is a gene highly expressed in tendon known to be important for tendon maturation with key implications for the residing tendon stem/progenitor cells as well as for the regulation of endothelial cell migration in chordae tendineae cordis in the heart and in experimental tumour models. This review aims at providing an encompassing overview of this gene and its protein. In addition, its known expression pattern as well as putative signalling pathways will be described. A chronological overview of the discovered functions of this gene in tendon and other tissues and cells is provided as well as its use as a tendon and ligament lineage marker is assessed in detail and discussed. Last, information about the possible connections between TNMD genomic mutations and mRNA expression to various diseases is delivered. Taken together this review offers a solid synopsis on the up-to-date information available about TNMD and aids at directing and focusing the future research to fully uncover the roles and implications of this interesting gene.
authors.affiliation: Experimental Surgery and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dex
authors.affiliation: Experimental Surgery and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Dasheng
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Division of Basic Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.
authors.forename: Chisa
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Shukunami
authors.affiliation: Experimental Surgery and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Munich, Germany; Department of Medical Biology, Medical University-Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria. Electronic address: denitsa.docheva@med.uni-muenchen.de.
authors.forename: Denitsa
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Docheva
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015870:Gene Expression; D006801:Humans; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000378:metabolism*; D013710:Tendons / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D008565:Membrane Proteins; C422444:TNMD protein, human
keywords: BRICHOS; Cell differentiation; Chordae tendineae cordis; Eye; Gene marker; Knockout mice; Metabolic syndrome; Obesity; Periodontal ligament; Single nucleotide polymorphism; Tendon; Tendon stem/progenitor cells; Tenomodulin; Vasculature