title: Possible Functional Moving Toes Syndrome.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Moving toes syndrome has been classically described as an organic movement disorder, on occasion related to peripheral nerve injuries. The association between nerve trauma and movement disorders has become a controversial topic, and the functional etiology of moving toes syndrome has recently been proposed.
  
  
  METHODS
  We describe two cases of moving toes syndrome with clinical features typically suggestive of a functional movement disorder.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The presence of entrainability and distractibility in the described patients is an indication of attentional influences on their involuntary movements. However, it is possible that if there is a subcortical origin, the toe movements could be influenced by voluntary commands.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Human Motor Control Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Nora
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Vanegas-Arroyave
authors.affiliation: Human Motor Control Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD, USA; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn Center of Excellence on Parkinson Disease and Related Disorders, Chulalongkorn University and King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, Thailand.
authors.forename: Pattamon
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Panyakaew
authors.affiliation: Illinois Neurological Institute, University of Illinois College of Medicine-Peoria, Peoria, IL, USA.
authors.forename: Dronacharya
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lamichhane
authors.affiliation: Parkinson Disease and Movement Disorders Center, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Lisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Shulman
authors.affiliation: Human Motor Control Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hallett
keywords: Functional movement disorder; moving toes syndrome; psychogenic movement disorder