title: A network-based framework for assessing infrastructure resilience: a case study of the London metro system.
abstract: Modern society is increasingly dependent on the stability of a complex system of interdependent infrastructure sectors. It is imperative to build resilience of large-scale infrastructures like metro systems for addressing the threat of natural disasters and man-made attacks in urban areas. Analysis is needed to ensure that these systems are capable of withstanding and containing unexpected perturbations, and develop heuristic strategies for guiding the design of more resilient networks in the future. We present a comprehensive, multi-pronged framework that analyses information on network topology, spatial organization and passenger flow to understand the resilience of the London metro system. Topology of the London metro system is not fault tolerant in terms of maintaining connectivity at the periphery of the network since it does not exhibit small-world properties. The passenger strength distribution follows a power law, suggesting that while the London metro system is robust to random failures, it is vulnerable to disruptions on a few critical stations. The analysis further identifies particular sources of structural and functional vulnerabilities that need to be mitigated for improving the resilience of the London metro network. The insights from our framework provide useful strategies to build resilience for both existing and upcoming metro systems.
authors.affiliation: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.
authors.forename: Shauhrat S
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-9067-4321
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Chopra
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.
authors.forename: Trent
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Dillon
authors.affiliation: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.
authors.forename: Melissa M
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-6101-6263
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Bilec
authors.affiliation: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA khannav@pitt.edu.
authors.forename: Vikas
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-7211-5195
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Khanna
mesh_terms: D008131:London; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D014186:Transportation; D014506:Urban Renewal
keywords: London metro system; complex systems; network analysis; resilience; urban infrastructure