title: Markers for the progression of IgA nephropathy.
abstract: We have summarized the latest findings on markers for progression of immunoglobulin A (IgA) nephropathy (IgAN), the most common primary glomerulonephritis with a high prevalence among end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients. The clinical predictors of renal outcome in IgAN nephropathy, such as proteinuria, hypertension, and decreased estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) at the time of the diagnosis, are well known. The Oxford classification of IgAN identified four types of histological lesions (known as the MEST score) associated with the development of ESRD and/or a 50 % reduction in eGFR. In addition, the role of genetic risk factors associated with IgAN is being elucidated by genome-wide association studies, with multiple risk alleles described. Recently, biomarkers in serum (galactose-deficient IgA1, IgA/IgG autoantibodies against galactose-deficient IgA1, and soluble CD 89-IgA complexes) and urine (soluble transferrin receptor, interleukin-6/epidermal growth factor ratio, fractalkine, laminin G-like 3 peptide, κ light chains, and mannan-binding lectin) have been identified. Some of these biomarkers may represent candidates for the development of noninvasive diagnostic tests, that would be useful for detection of subclinical disease activity, monitoring disease progression, assessment of treatment, and at the same time circumventing the complications associated with renal biopsies. These advances, along with future disease-specific therapy, will be helpful in improving the treatment effectiveness, prognosis, and the quality of life in connection with IgAN.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague 2, Czech Republic. ditama@centrum.cz.
authors.forename: Dita
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Maixnerova
authors.affiliation: Departments of Microbiology and Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA.
authors.forename: Colin
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Reily
authors.affiliation: Departments of Microbiology and Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA.|Department of Nephrology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 168 Changhai Road, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Qi
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Bian
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague 2, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Michaela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Neprasova
authors.affiliation: Departments of Microbiology and Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA.
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Novak
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague 2, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Vladimir
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Tesar
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis*; D001706:Biopsy; D018450:Disease Progression; D005922:Glomerulonephritis, IGA / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis*; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000378:metabolism; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000209:etiology*; D011379:Prognosis
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers
keywords: Biomarkers; End-stage renal disease; IgA nephropathy; Renal biopsy