title: Monohaloacetic acid drinking water disinfection by-products inhibit follicle growth and steroidogenesis in mouse ovarian antral follicles in vitro.
abstract: Water disinfection greatly reduced the incidence of waterborne diseases, but the reaction between disinfectants and natural organic matter in water leads to the formation of drinking water disinfection by-products (DBPs). DBPs have been shown to be toxic, but their effects on the ovary are not well defined. This study tested the hypothesis that monohalogenated DBPs (chloroacetic acid, CAA; bromoacetic acid, BAA; iodoacetic acid, IAA) inhibit antral follicle growth and steroidogenesis in mouse ovarian follicles. Antral follicles were isolated and cultured with either vehicle or DBPs (0.25-1.00mM of CAA; 2-15μM of BAA or IAA) for 48 and 96h. Follicle growth was measured every 24h and the media were analyzed for estradiol levels at 96h. Exposure to DBPs significantly inhibited antral follicle growth and reduced estradiol levels compared to controls. These data demonstrate that DBP exposure caused ovarian toxicity in vitro.
authors.affiliation: Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA; Molecular and Environmental Toxicology Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
authors.forename: Clara H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Jeong
authors.affiliation: Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
authors.forename: Liying
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
authors.forename: Tyler
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Dettro
authors.affiliation: Department of Crop Sciences and the Safe Global Water Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
authors.forename: Elizabeth D
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: Wagner
authors.affiliation: Molecular and Environmental Toxicology Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
authors.forename: William A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Ricke
authors.affiliation: Department of Crop Sciences and the Safe Global Water Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Plewa
authors.affiliation: Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA. Electronic address: jflaws@illinois.edu.
authors.forename: Jodi A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Flaws
mesh_terms: D000085:Acetates / Q000633:toxicity*; D000818:Animals; D004203:Disinfection; D004958:Estradiol / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D019807:Iodoacetic Acid / Q000633:toxicity*; D051379:Mice; D006080:Ovarian Follicle / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000633:toxicity*; D018508:Water Purification
chemical_list: D000085:Acetates; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D004958:Estradiol; C006972:chloroacetic acid; C016274:bromoacetate; D019807:Iodoacetic Acid
keywords: Disinfection by-products; Folliculogenesis; Haloacetic acids; Ovary; Steroidogenesis