title: Validity and Reliability of Behavior and Theory-Based Psychosocial Determinants Measures, Using Audience Response System Technology in Urban Upper-Elementary Schoolchildren.
abstract: To examine the validity and reliability of a questionnaire administered with an audience response system (ARS).
  
  
  
  Cross-sectional study.
  
  
  
  Two New York City public elementary schools.
  
  
  
  Fourth- and fifth-grade students.
  
  
  
  A Food, Health, and Choices questionnaire (FHC-Q) assessed energy balance-related behaviors (EBRBs) including intake of fruits and vegetables, sugar-sweetened beverages, processed packaged snacks, and fast food; physical activity; recreational screen time; and associated psychosocial determinants (≥ 3 questions/outcome scale). Previously validated reference instruments were used for relative validation. The ARS format was compared with a paper-and-pencil format. All measures were administered in a classroom setting.
  
  
  
  Pearson correlation coefficients between the reference instruments and the FHC-Q were calculated. Internal consistency reliabilities were evaluated with Cronbach α. Spearman rank correlation, intra-class correlation, and percent agreement were used for test-retest reliability between paper-and-pencil and ARS, and between 2 ARS FHC-Q administrations.
  
  
  
  Correlations for EBRBs with reference instruments ranged from 0.38 to 0.61 (P < .01). Cronbach α ranged from .77 to .92 for EBRBs and .74 to .90 for psychosocial determinants. Test-retest reliability correlations ranged from 0.36 to 0.87 (P < .001). Agreement for knowledge questions ranged from 69.8% to 84.8%.
  
  
  
  The ARS FHC-Q has acceptable validity and reliability for collecting data on EBRBs and associated psychosocial determinants for upper-elementary students.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health and Behavior Studies, Teachers College Columbia University, New York, NY. Electronic address: hl2001@tc.columbia.edu.
authors.forename: Heewon Lee
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Gray
authors.affiliation: Department of Health and Behavior Studies, Teachers College Columbia University, New York, NY.
authors.forename: Pamela A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Koch
authors.affiliation: Department of Health and Behavior Studies, Teachers College Columbia University, New York, NY.
authors.forename: Isobel R
authors.initials: IR
authors.lastname: Contento
authors.affiliation: GENYOUth Foundation, New York, NY.
authors.forename: Lorraine N
authors.initials: LN
authors.lastname: Bandelli
authors.affiliation: Department of Health and Behavior Studies, Teachers College Columbia University, New York, NY.
authors.forename: Ian Yi Han
authors.initials: IYH
authors.lastname: Ang
authors.affiliation: Department of Sociology, William Paterson University, Wayne, NJ.
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Di Noia
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D015444:Exercise; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D063766:Pediatric Obesity; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012574:Schools; D013334:Students / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data
keywords: childhood obesity; energy balance-related behaviors; instrument development; reliability; validation