title: Replacement of Soybean Meal with Animal Origin Protein Meals Improved Ramoplanin A2 Production by Actinoplanes sp. ATCC 33076.
abstract: Ramoplanin A2 is the last resort antibiotic for treatment of many high morbidity- and mortality-rated hospital infections, and it is expected to be marketed in the forthcoming years. Therefore, high-yield production of ramoplanin A2 gains importance. In this study, meat-bone meal, poultry meal, and fish meal were used instead of soybean meal for ramoplanin A2 production by Actinoplanes sp. ATCC 33076. All animal origin nitrogen sources stimulated specific productivity. Ramoplanin A2 levels were determined as 406.805 mg L(-1) in fish meal medium and 374.218 mg L(-1) in poultry meal medium. These levels were 4.25- and 4.09-fold of basal medium, respectively. However, the total yield of poultry meal was higher than that of fish meal, which is also low-priced. In addition, the variations in pH levels, protein levels, reducing sugar levels, extracellular protease, amylase and lipase activities, and intracellular free amino acid levels were monitored during the incubation period. The correlations between ramoplanin production and these variables with respect to the incubation period were determined. The intracellular levels of L-Phe, D-Orn, and L-Leu were found critical for ramoplanin A2 production. The strategy of using animal origin nitrogen sources can be applied for large-scale ramoplanin A2 production.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, The Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Dokuz Eylül University, 35160, Buca-Izmir, Turkey.
authors.forename: Deniz
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Erkan
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Division of Biochemistry, Science Faculty, Dokuz Eylül University, 35160, Buca-Izmir, Turkey. hulya.kayali@deu.edu.tr.|Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, Health Campus, Dokuz Eylül University, 35340, Balcova-Izmir, Turkey. hulya.kayali@deu.edu.tr.
authors.forename: Hulya Ayar
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Kayali
mesh_terms: D000596:Amino Acids / Q000032:analysis; D000818:Animals; D002241:Carbohydrates / Q000032:analysis; D047630:Depsipeptides / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D005110:Extracellular Space / Q000201:enzymology; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D042541:Intracellular Space / Q000378:metabolism; D008848:Micromonosporaceae / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000494:pharmacology; D011506:Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013025:Glycine max / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D002241:Carbohydrates; D047630:Depsipeptides; D006023:Glycoproteins; D011506:Proteins; C416073:ramoplanin A2; D009584:Nitrogen
keywords: Fish meal; Meat-bone meal; Poultry meal; Ramoplanin A2 production; Soybean meal