title: Mechanism Underlying Induction of Hyperglycemia in Rats by Single Administration of Olanzapine.
abstract: Acute administration of olanzapine rapidly elevates blood glucose levels. However, the mechanism underlying the rapid development of hyperglycemia with the administration of olanzapine remains unclear. The aim of the present study was to clarify the mechanism underlying olanzapine-induced acute hyperglycemia. Male Wistar rats received an intravenous infusion of saline (control) or olanzapine 2.5, 5, or 10 mg/kg. Blood samples were obtained periodically after olanzapine infusion to determine serum concentrations of glucose, olanzapine, and several endogenous substances. In a separate experiment, rats received an intravenous injection of propranolol (2 mg/kg) 30 min before infusion of olanzapine (10 mg/kg). The intravenous infusion of olanzapine induced dose-dependent increases in the serum concentrations of glucose, epinephrine, and insulin. Pretreatment with propranolol suppressed olanzapine-induced elevations in the serum concentration of glucose, but did not affect the serum concentration of olanzapine or olanzapine-induced increase in the serum concentration of epinephrine. Although the serum concentration of corticosterone increased after administration of olanzapine, no significant differences were observed among the olanzapine dose groups. Furthermore, administration of olanzapine did not affect the serum concentration of glucagon or histamine. We developed a pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic model assuming that the olanzapine-induced secretion of epinephrine leads to elevated serum glucose concentrations. This model appeared to satisfactorily characterize olanzapine-induced hyperglycemia. In conclusion, a single intravenous dose of olanzapine dose-dependently increased the serum concentration of glucose in rats, and epinephrine plays a role in olanzapine-induced acute hyperglycemia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Medical Hospital, Tokyo Medical and Dental University.
authors.forename: Masashi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nagata
authors.forename: Mayumi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nakajima
authors.forename: Yasuyoshi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ishiwata
authors.forename: Yutaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: Hiromitsu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: Kenichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Negishi
authors.forename: Masato
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yasuhara
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology; D001569:Benzodiazepines / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D003345:Corticosterone / Q000097:blood; D004837:Epinephrine / Q000097:blood; D005934:Glucagon / Q000097:blood; D006632:Histamine / Q000097:blood; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000097:blood / Q000139:chemically induced*; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008954:Models, Biological; D000077152:Olanzapine; D011433:Propranolol / Q000494:pharmacology; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D001786:Blood Glucose; D007328:Insulin; D001569:Benzodiazepines; D006632:Histamine; D005934:Glucagon; D011433:Propranolol; D000077152:Olanzapine; D003345:Corticosterone; D004837:Epinephrine