title: Behavioral, Ventilatory and Thermoregulatory Responses to Hypercapnia and Hypoxia in the Wistar Audiogenic Rat (WAR) Strain.
abstract: We investigated the behavioral, respiratory, and thermoregulatory responses elicited by acute exposure to both hypercapnic and hypoxic environments in Wistar audiogenic rats (WARs). The WAR strain represents a genetic animal model of epilepsy.
  
  
  
  Behavioral analyses were performed using neuroethological methods, and flowcharts were constructed to illustrate behavioral findings. The body plethysmography method was used to obtain pulmonary ventilation (VE) measurements, and body temperature (Tb) measurements were taken via temperature sensors implanted in the abdominal cavities of the animals.
  
  
  
  No significant difference was observed between the WAR and Wistar control group with respect to the thermoregulatory response elicited by exposure to both acute hypercapnia and acute hypoxia (p>0.05). However, we found that the VE of WARs was attenuated relative to that of Wistar control animals during exposure to both hypercapnic (WAR: 133 ± 11% vs. Wistar: 243 ± 23%, p<0.01) and hypoxic conditions (WAR: 138 ± 8% vs. Wistar: 177 ± 8%; p<0.01). In addition, we noted that this ventilatory attenuation was followed by alterations in the behavioral responses of these animals.
  
  
  
  Our results indicate that WARs, a genetic model of epilepsy, have important alterations in their ability to compensate for changes in levels of various arterial blood gasses. WARs present an attenuated ventilatory response to an increased PaCO2 or decreased PaO2, coupled to behavioral changes, which make them a suitable model to further study respiratory risks associated to epilepsy.
authors.affiliation: Physiology Department, Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, 14049-900, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Érica Maria
authors.initials: ÉM
authors.lastname: Granjeiro
authors.affiliation: Physiology Department, Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, 14049-900, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Glauber S F
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: da Silva
authors.affiliation: Physiology Department, Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, 14049-900, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Humberto
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Giusti
authors.affiliation: Physiology Department, Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, 14049-900, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: José Antonio
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Oliveira
authors.affiliation: Physiology Department, Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, 14049-900, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Mogens Lesner
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Glass
authors.affiliation: Physiology Department, Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, 14049-900, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Norberto
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Garcia-Cairasco
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000502:physiology; D001833:Body Temperature Regulation / Q000502:physiology*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D020195:Epilepsy, Reflex / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology; D006935:Hypercapnia / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology; D000860:Hypoxia / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012143:Respiratory Physiological Phenomena