title: Three radiation-induced metachronous pelvic tumors in a patient who underwent radiotherapy for cervical cancer: a case report.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Patients treated with radiotherapy are under increased long-term risk of developing radiation-induced tumors. In this report we present an exceptionally rare case of a patient who, following radiotherapy for cervical cancer, developed 3 radiation-induced metachronous pelvic tumors.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 1997, a 37-year-old patient with cervical adenocarcinoma (FIGO stage IB2) was subjected to adjuvant conventionally fractionated external-beam radiation therapy and brachytherapy following surgical treatment. Eleven, 14 and 15 years later, 3 radiation-induced malignant tumors developed: a leiomyosarcoma of the gluteus and 2 separate carcinomas of the rectum.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Radiotherapy for cervical carcinoma increases the standardized incidence ratios for rectal cancer and soft tissue sarcoma. Unfortunately, the current guidelines on contraindications to radiotherapy appear insufficient as they take into account a very limited number of clinical states and associated conditions, which is in disproportion to the rather high risk of radiation-induced malignancies of 0.45%. Information on the molecular characteristics of human radiation-induced tumors is still of no relevance for everyday clinical practice. Although radiotherapy is one of the most important modalities of oncological treatment, it should be judiciously used in cases where the benefits clearly outweigh the risk of serious untoward effects. In the case of patients undergoing pelvic irradiation, careful follow-up is needed for years.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology, University Hospital Split, School of Medicine, University of Split, Split - Croatia.
authors.forename: Marijo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Boban
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology, University Hospital Split, School of Medicine, University of Split, Split - Croatia.
authors.forename: Snjezana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tomic
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology, University Hospital, Mostar - Bosnia and Hercegovina.
authors.forename: Marija
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sulic
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology, University Hospital Split, School of Medicine, University of Split, Split - Croatia.
authors.forename: Eduard
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Vrdoljak
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001706:Biopsy; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D017809:Fatal Outcome; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007890:Leiomyosarcoma / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D009381:Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy; D016609:Neoplasms, Second Primary / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy; D010386:Pelvic Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy; D000072078:Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography; D011878:Radiotherapy / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage; D012004:Rectal Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000628:therapy