title: Stereotactic Ablative Body Radiotherapy for Primary Renal Cell Carcinoma in Non-surgical Candidates: Initial Clinical Experience.
abstract: To report the outcomes of a cohort of patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) treated using stereotactic ablative body radiotherapy (SABR).
  
  
  
  Patients treated with SABR for primary RCC from 1 January 2012 to 1 April 2015 were retrospectively reviewed. Patients were non-surgical candidates treated with doses ranging from 30 to 40 Gy in five fractions. The tumour sizes and serum creatinine were compared between the pre-treatment assessment and subsequent follow-up assessments. The worst acute and late grade ≥2 toxicity rates were recorded.
  
  
  
  In total, 16 patients were included in this study. The median follow-up was 19 months (range 7-30). Eleven patients had stable disease, four had partial responses and none had progressive disease, indicating a local control rate of 100%. One patient had grade 2 acute nausea and two patients had grade 4 renal toxicities (two patients with pre-existing stage 4-5 chronic kidney disease required dialysis following SABR). Four of four patients with pre-SABR symptoms (pain and/or haematuria) had symptomatic relief after SABR.
  
  
  
  SABR for RCC is safe, the toxicities are minimal, and the local control is excellent at early follow-up. This technique should be further evaluated in prospective clinical trials.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Odette Cancer Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada; University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Odette Cancer Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada; University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Cheung
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Odette Cancer Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada; University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Erler
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Odette Cancer Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada; University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sonier
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Odette Cancer Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada; University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Korol
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Odette Cancer Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada; University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada. Electronic address: william.chu@sunnybrook.ca.
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Chu
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016634:Radiosurgery / Q000379:methods*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: Carcinoma; intensity modulated; radiotherapy; renal cell; stereotactic body radiotherapy