title: Phytochemical Composition and Antitumor Activities of New Salad Greens: Rucola (Diplotaxis tenuifolia) and Corn Salad (Valerianella locusta).
abstract: D. tenuifolia and V. locusta, two greens, were analyzed for active compounds and antitumor actions on colorectal cancer cells. Phenolics were determined by UHPLC-Orbitrap-MS; carotenoids and glucosinolates by HPLC-MS; and sterols and fatty acids by gas-liquid chromatography (GLC). For antitumor effects, the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) tests were run on HT-29 colorectal cancer cells, and in CCD-18 untransformed enterocyte cells. Six main carotenoids were identified in both vegetables, while total carotenoids accounted for 3520 and 2970 μg · g(-1) dry weight in D. tenuifolia and V. locusta, respectively. Six phenolics were detected in D. tenuifolia (68,600 μg · g(-1) dry weight) and five in V. locusta (139,000 μg · g(-1) dry weight). Three glucosinolates (GSL) were found in D. tenuifolia (1960 μg · g(-1) dry wt. total). Low-polarity extracts from V. locusta and D. tenuifolia showed IC50 ~ 150 and ~200 μg · mL(-1) on HT-29 cells, while both plants lacked actions on CCD-18 cells. V. locusta inhibited HT-29 cancer cells viability more efficiently than D. tenuiofolia, but induced less cytotoxicity. This work highlights the importance of functional foods for colorectal cancer prevention.
authors.affiliation: Food Technology Division, University of Almería, Almería, Spain.
authors.forename: R P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Ramos-Bueno
authors.affiliation: Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Rincón-Cervera
authors.affiliation: Food Technology Division, University of Almería, Almería, Spain.
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: González-Fernández
authors.affiliation: Food Technology Division, University of Almería, Almería, Spain. jlguil@ual.es.
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Guil-Guerrero
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019607:Brassicaceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D002338:Carotenoids / Q000032:analysis; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000032:analysis; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000032:analysis; D055951:Functional Food; D005961:Glucosinolates / Q000032:analysis; D019073:HT29 Cells; D006801:Humans; D010636:Phenols / Q000032:analysis; D064209:Phytochemicals / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry; D013261:Sterols / Q000032:analysis; D032406:Valerianella / Q000737:chemistry*; D014675:Vegetables / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D005227:Fatty Acids; D005419:Flavonoids; D005961:Glucosinolates; D010636:Phenols; D064209:Phytochemicals; D013261:Sterols; D002338:Carotenoids
keywords: Bioactive compounds; Cytotoxicity; Diplotaxis tenuifolia; HT-29 colorectal cancer cells; Valerianela locusta