title: Influence of Toxoplasma Gondii Infection on Symptoms and Signs of Menopause.
abstract: Some symptoms of menopause have also been described in patients with toxoplasmosis. Whether Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) infection has any influence on clinical manifestations of menopause is yet unknown. We sought to determine whether T. gondii exposure is associated with symptoms and signs of menopause. We performed a cross-sectional study of women attending a public health center in Durango City, Mexico. Participants were examined for the presence of anti-Toxoplasma IgG and IgM antibodies using enzyme-linked immunoassays. A questionnaire including 47 symptoms and signs potentially associated with menopause was applied. Association of seroprevalence for T. gondii with clinical characteristics of women was assessed by bivariate and multivariate analyses. Bivariate analysis showed that bouts of rapid heartbeat, breast pain, electric shock sensation, dizziness, digestive problems, low back pain, and migraine were associated with seropositivity to either IgG anti-T. gondii alone or both IgG and IgM anti-T. gondii. Breast pain was the only variable that was found to be associated with IgG seropositivity to T. gondii by multivariate analysis: (OR = 2.84; 95% CI: 1.35-5.90; P = 0.005). Our results suggest that T. gondii exposure may influence on the clinical manifestations of menopause. Results deserve further research.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine and Nutrition, Juárez University of Durango State , Avenida Universidad S/N, 34000 Durango, Dgo, Mexico.
authors.forename: Cosme
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Alvarado-Esquivel
authors.affiliation: Institute for Scientific Research "Dr. Roberto Rivera Damm," Juárez University of Durango State . Avenida Universidad S/N, 34000 Durango, Durango, Mexico.
authors.forename: Luis Francisco
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Sánchez-Anguiano
authors.affiliation: Institute for Scientific Research "Dr. Roberto Rivera Damm," Juárez University of Durango State . Avenida Universidad S/N, 34000 Durango, Durango, Mexico.
authors.forename: Jesús
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hernández-Tinoco
authors.affiliation: Facultad de Enfermería y Obstetricia, Juárez University of Durango State , Cuauhtémoc 223 norte, 34000 Durango, Mexico.
authors.forename: Edwin Adiel
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Calzada-Torres
authors.affiliation: Institute for Scientific Research "Dr. Roberto Rivera Damm," Juárez University of Durango State . Avenida Universidad S/N, 34000 Durango, Durango, Mexico.
authors.forename: Sergio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Estrada-Martínez
authors.affiliation: Institute for Scientific Research "Dr. Roberto Rivera Damm," Juárez University of Durango State . Avenida Universidad S/N, 34000 Durango, Durango, Mexico.
authors.forename: Alma Rosa
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Pérez-Álamos
authors.affiliation: Health Center No. 2 "Dr. Carlos Santamaría", Servicios de Salud de Durango , Durango, Mexico, Talpa S/N, 34170 Durango, Mexico.
authors.forename: Raquel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Vaquera-Enriquez
authors.affiliation: Health Center No. 2 "Dr. Carlos Santamaría", Servicios de Salud de Durango , Durango, Mexico, Talpa S/N, 34170 Durango, Mexico.
authors.forename: Arturo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Díaz-Herrera
authors.affiliation: Health Center No. 2 "Dr. Carlos Santamaría", Servicios de Salud de Durango , Durango, Mexico, Talpa S/N, 34170 Durango, Mexico.
authors.forename: Raúl
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Segura-Moreno
authors.affiliation: Health Center No. 2 "Dr. Carlos Santamaría", Servicios de Salud de Durango , Durango, Mexico, Talpa S/N, 34170 Durango, Mexico.
authors.forename: María
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: de Lourdes Guerrero-Carbajal
authors.affiliation: Health Center No. 2 "Dr. Carlos Santamaría", Servicios de Salud de Durango , Durango, Mexico, Talpa S/N, 34170 Durango, Mexico.
authors.forename: María Guadalupe
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Rentería-López
authors.affiliation: Facultad de Enfermería y Obstetricia, Juárez University of Durango State , Cuauhtémoc 223 norte, 34000 Durango, Mexico.
authors.forename: Isabel Beristain
authors.initials: IB
authors.lastname: García
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine and Nutrition, Juárez University of Durango State, Avenida Universidad S/N, 34000 Durango, Dgo, Mexico; General Hospital, Secretary of Health, Avenida 5 de febrero 220, 34000 Durango, Mexico.
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Rábago-Sánchez
authors.affiliation: Institute for Microbiology and Hygiene, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité Medical School , Hindenburgdamm 27, D-12203 Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Oliver
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Liesenfeld
keywords: Toxoplasma gondii; cross-sectional study; menopause; perimenopause; seroprevalence