title: Predicting the bioaccumulation of polyaromatic hydrocarbons and polychlorinated biphenyls in benthic animals in sediments.
abstract: There were two main objectives in this study. The first was to compare the accuracy of different prediction methods for the chemical concentrations of polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in the organism, based on the measured chemical concentrations existing in sediment dry matter or pore water. The predicted tissue concentrations were compared to the measured ones after 28-day laboratory test using oligochaeta worms (Lumbriculus variegatus). The second objective was to compare the bioaccumulation of PAHs and PCBs in the laboratory test with the in situ bioaccumulation of these compounds. Using the traditional organic carbon-water partitioning model, tissue concentrations were greatly overestimated, based on the concentrations in the sediment dry matter. Use of an additional correction factor for black carbon with a two-carbon model, significantly improved the bioaccumulation predictions, thus confirming that black carbon was important in binding the chemicals and reducing their accumulation. The predicted PAH tissue concentrations were, however, high compared to the observed values. The chemical concentrations were most accurately predicted from their freely dissolved pore water concentrations, determined using equilibrium passive sampling. The patterns of PCB and PAH accumulation in sediments for laboratory-exposed L. variegatus were similar to those in field-collected Lumbriculidae worms. Field-collected benthic invertebrates and L. variegatus accumulated less PAHs than PCBs with similar lipophilicity. The biota to sediment accumulation factors of PAHs tended to decrease with increasing sediment organic carbon normalized concentrations. The presented data yields bioconcentration factors (BCF) describing the chemical water-lipid partition, which were found to be higher than the octanol-water partition coefficients, but on a similar level with BCFs drawn from relevant literature. In conclusion, using the two-carbon model method, or the measured freely dissolved pore water concentrations method is recommended for predicting the bioaccumulation of PAHs and PCBs.
authors.affiliation: University of Eastern Finland, Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, P.O. Box 111, FI-80101 Joensuu, Finland. Electronic address: anitat@student.uef.fi.
authors.forename: A I
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Tuikka
authors.affiliation: Finnish Environment Institute, Laboratories/Research and Innovation Laboratory, P.O. Box 35, University of Jyväskylä, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland. Electronic address: Matti.T.Leppanen@ymparisto.fi.
authors.forename: M T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Leppänen
authors.affiliation: University of Eastern Finland, Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, P.O. Box 111, FI-80101 Joensuu, Finland. Electronic address: jarkko.akkanen@uef.fi.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Akkanen
authors.affiliation: University of Eastern Finland, Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, P.O. Box 111, FI-80101 Joensuu, Finland. Electronic address: Arto.Sormunen@mamk.fi.
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Sormunen
authors.affiliation: Institute for Environmental Studies, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1087, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Electronic address: pim.leonards@vu.nl.
authors.forename: P E G
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Leonards
authors.affiliation: Institute for Environmental Studies, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1087, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Electronic address: bert.vanhattum@deltares.nl.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: van Hattum
authors.affiliation: Ministry of Transport, Public Works and Water Management, National Institute for Coastal and Marine Management/RIKZ, P.O. Box 207, 9750 AE Haren, The Netherlands. Electronic address: lavanvliet@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: van Vliet
authors.affiliation: Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department of Effect-Directed Analysis, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany. Electronic address: werner.brack@ufz.de.
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Brack
authors.affiliation: Ministry of Transport, Public Works and Water Management, National Institute for Coastal and Marine Management/RIKZ, P.O. Box 207, 9750 AE Haren, The Netherlands. Electronic address: smedes@recetox.muni.cz.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Smedes
authors.affiliation: University of Jyväskylä, Department of Biological and Environmental Science, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland. Electronic address: jussi.v.k.kukkonen@jyu.fi.
authors.forename: J V K
authors.initials: JV
authors.lastname: Kukkonen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D059001:Aquatic Organisms / Q000378:metabolism*; D001682:Biological Availability; D018153:Czech Republic; D019015:Geologic Sediments / Q000737:chemistry*; D008954:Models, Biological; D009835:Oligochaeta / Q000378:metabolism*; D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls / Q000378:metabolism*; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons / Q000378:metabolism*; D013030:Spain
chemical_list: D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons; D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls
keywords: Bioconcentration factor; Black carbon; Equilibrium passive sampling; Lumbriculus variegatus; PAH; PCB