title: B-cell activating CpG ODN 1668 enhance the immune response of Pacific red snapper (Lutjanus peru) exposed to Vibrio parahaemolitycus.
abstract: B-class CpG ODN 1668 is known to possess clear immunostimulatory properties. In this study, we investigated the potential ability of CpG ODN 1668 to enhance the immune response of Pacific red snapper exposed to Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Four different treatments were evaluated in Pacific red snapper: (1) stimulatory CpG ODN 1668, (2) stimulatory CpG ODN 1668 and V. parahaemolyticus, (3) exposure only to V. parahaemolyticus and (4) PBS. Samples were taken at 24, 72, 168 and 240 h of stimulation/infection. The results show that intraperitoneal injection of CpG-ODN 1668 enhanced the anti-protease, superoxide dismutase and catalase activities in serum. CpG ODN 1668 upregulated TLR9 and IgM gene expression in head-kidney, intestine and skin, with higher expression in head-kidney. A higher correlation was observed between TLR9 and IgM in head-kidney and intestine. Finally, no histopathological damages were observed in fish stimulated with CpG ODN 1668. In contrast, melanomacrophages-like structures were present in higher numbers in infected fish. Taken together, these results indicate that CpG ODN 1668 activates innate immune response and upregulate the TLR9 and IgM-mediated immune response. These results may be exploited for the control of Vibriosis in farmed Pacific red snapper.
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Carretera San Felipe Km. 3.5, Fraccionamiento Laguna Campestre, Mexicali, Baja California 21386, Mexico.
authors.forename: Tomás
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Cárdenas-Reyna
authors.affiliation: Immunology & Vaccinology Group, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste (CIBNOR), Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, La Paz, B.C.S. 23090, Mexico.
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Angulo
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Carretera San Felipe Km. 3.5, Fraccionamiento Laguna Campestre, Mexicali, Baja California 21386, Mexico.
authors.forename: Sawako
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hori-Oshima
authors.affiliation: Immunology & Vaccinology Group, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste (CIBNOR), Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, La Paz, B.C.S. 23090, Mexico.
authors.forename: Esteban
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Velázquez-Lizárraga
authors.affiliation: Immunology & Vaccinology Group, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste (CIBNOR), Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, La Paz, B.C.S. 23090, Mexico. Electronic address: mreyes04@cibnor.mx.
authors.forename: Martha
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Reyes-Becerril
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D005393:Fish Diseases / Q000276:immunology*; D029941:Fish Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D007075:Immunoglobulin M / Q000378:metabolism; D007274:Injections, Intraperitoneal; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D009838:Oligodeoxyribonucleotides / Q000008:administration & dosage; D010473:Perciformes / Q000276:immunology*; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000097:blood; D051217:Toll-Like Receptor 9 / Q000378:metabolism; D014735:Vibrio Infections / Q000276:immunology*; D014736:Vibrio parahaemolyticus / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: C408982:CPG-oligonucleotide; D029941:Fish Proteins; D007075:Immunoglobulin M; D009838:Oligodeoxyribonucleotides; D051217:Toll-Like Receptor 9; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase
keywords: CpG ODN 1668; Gene expression; IgM; Innate immunity; TL9; Vibrio parahaemolyticus