title: Degeneration and Instability and the Relation to Patients' Function Late After Lumbar Disc Surgery: Data from a 12-Year Follow-Up.
abstract: To investigate the excess risk of degeneration and segmental instability in operated segments late after lumbar disc surgery in patients with presurgically stable segments, and whether local pathological findings relate to patients' back health.
  
  
  
  This retrospective analysis reports on 69 patients 12 years after first-time, uncomplicated lumbar disc surgery. Two independent radiologists evaluated the patients' lumbar functional x-rays; the Back Pain Rating Score (LBP-RS) assessed back-specific function.
  
  
  
  At 12 years after lumbar disc surgery, degenerative changes as well as segmental instability occurred significantly more frequently in the operated than nonoperated lumbar segments, but there was no association between increased degeneration and segmental instability rates. The risk for acquiring segmental instability was significantly associated with surgery (odds ratio, 6.5; 95% confidence interval, 1.5-28.8). Prevalence of segmental instabilities was associated with better LBP-RS scores. Analyses of LBP-RS subscores revealed a clear association of segmental instability with physical function, but not with pain or activities of daily living.
  
  
  
  Lumbar disc surgery seems to be associated with an increased risk of degeneration and segmental instability in the long term. This structural impairment, however, seems functionally well compensated and does not seem to be a relevant causal factor for a chronic back pain syndrome.
  
  
  
  Complete the self-assessment activity and evaluation online at http://www.physiatry.org/JournalCME CME OBJECTIVES:: Upon completion of this article, the reader should be able to: (1) Describe the impact of lumbar disc surgery on segmental instability and degenerative changes; (2) Recognize the lack of association between degenerative changes and segmental instability after lumbar disc surgery; and (3) State the value of lumbar spinal functional tests in the evaluation of patients after lumbar disc surgery.
  
  
  
  Advanced ACCREDITATION:: The Association of Academic Physiatrists is accredited by the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education to provide continuing medical education for physicians. The Association of Academic Physiatrists designates this activity for a maximum of 1.5 AMA PRA Category 1 Credit(s)™. Physicians should only claim credit commensurate with the extent of their participation in the activity.
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria (GRE); Vienna Medical University, Vienna, Austria (JL, GA); Section for Medical Statistics, Institute for Statistics, Informatics and Intelligent Systems, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria (F König); Department of Neuroradiology and Musculoskeletal Radiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria (MS, F Kainberger); and German Institute of Health Research, Bad Elster and Dresden, Germany (KLR).
authors.forename: Gerold R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Ebenbichler
authors.forename: Jürgen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Leitgeb
authors.forename: Gabriele
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Amtmann
authors.forename: Franz
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: König
authors.forename: Melanie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schernthaner
authors.forename: Karl-Ludwig
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Resch
authors.forename: Franz
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kainberger
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D017586:Diskectomy; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D055959:Intervertebral Disc Degeneration / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000601:surgery*; D007593:Joint Instability / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D007796:Laminectomy; D017116:Low Back Pain / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000601:surgery; D008159:Lumbar Vertebrae; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010147:Pain Measurement; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors