title: Nuclear factor XIIIa staining (clone AC-1A1 mouse monoclonal) is a highly sensitive marker of sebaceous differentiation in normal and neoplastic sebocytes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Sebaceous proliferations are common and may be confused with other cutaneous neoplasms. Few useful or specific immunohistochemical markers for sebaceous differentiation are available. We incidentally observed strong factor XIIIa (Ventana clone AC-1A1 on Ventana Benchmark Ultra stainer) nuclear staining in normal sebaceous glands and hypothesized that this might be a useful marker in sebaceous proliferations.
  
  
  METHODS
  Immunohistochemistry for factor XIIIa (AC-1A1) was performed on seven sebaceous hyperplasias, eight sebaceous adenomas, five sebaceomas, seven sebaceous carcinomas.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Strong nuclear factor XIIIa (AC-1A1) staining was present in 100% of normal sebaceous glands, 100% of sebaceous hyperplasia, adenoma and carcinoma, and 80% of sebaceoma. Moderately or poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) (n = 26) were also stained for factor XIIIa (AC-1A1); two showed focal strong staining (8%), but the remainder showed only weak or negative staining (92%). In contrast, factor XIIIa clones from Abcam, Cambridge, MA, USA (EP3372) and Vector Laboratories, Burlingame, CA, USA (E980.1) were negative in sebocyte nuclei.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We report the novel finding of consistent nuclear factor XIIIa (AC-1A1) staining in normal, hyperplastic and neoplastic sebocytes. Factor XIIIa (AC-1A1) is a highly sensitive marker of sebaceous differentiation. It may have potential clinical utility as a specific marker to distinguish sebaceous carcinoma from poorly differentiated SCC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA.|Department of Dermatology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA.
authors.forename: Lindsey N
authors.initials: LN
authors.lastname: Clark
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, USA.
authors.forename: Hillary R
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Elwood
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA.|Department of Dermatology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA.
authors.forename: Elizabeth E
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Uhlenhake
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Bruce R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Smoller
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA.|Department of Dermatology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA.
authors.forename: Sara C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Shalin
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA.|Department of Dermatology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA.
authors.forename: Jerad M
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7397-2159
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Gardner
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis*; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D026122:Factor XIIIa / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D051379:Mice; D012626:Sebaceous Gland Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis*; D012627:Sebaceous Glands / Q000473:pathology; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis*
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D026122:Factor XIIIa
keywords: Muir-Torre syndrome; adnexal; factor XIIIa; sebaceous carcinoma; sweat gland