title: Adipokine Imbalance in the Pericardial Cavity of Cardiac and Vascular Disease Patients.
abstract: Obesity and especially hypertrophy of epicardial adipose tissue accelerate coronary atherogenesis. We aimed at comparing levels of inflammatory and atherogenic hormones from adipose tissue in the pericardial fluid and circulation of cardiovascular disease patients.
  
  
  
  Venous plasma (P) and pericardial fluid (PF) were obtained from elective cardiothoracic surgery patients (n = 37). Concentrations of leptin, adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein (A-FABP) and adiponectin (APN) were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). The median concentration of leptin in PF (4.3 (interquartile range: 2.8-9.1) μg/L) was comparable to that in P (5.9 (2.2-11) μg/L) and these were significantly correlated to most of the same patient characteristics. The concentration of A-FABP was markedly higher (73 (28-124) versus 8.4 (5.2-14) μg/L) and that of APN was markedly lower (2.8 (1.7-4.2) versus 13 (7.2-19) mg/L) in PF compared to P. APN in PF was unlike in P not significantly related to age, body mass index, plasma triglycerides or coronary artery disease. PF levels of APN, but not A-FABP, were related to the size of paracardial adipocytes. PF levels of APN and A-FABP were not related to the immunoreactivity of paracardial adipocytes for these proteins.
  
  
  
  In cardiac and vascular disease patients, PF is enriched in A-FABP and poor in APN. This adipokine microenvironment is more likely determined by the heart than by the circulation or paracardial adipose tissue.
authors.affiliation: Dept. Cardiovascular and Renal Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
authors.forename: Atlanta G I M
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-8805-4879
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Elie
authors.affiliation: Dept. Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.
authors.forename: Pia S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Jensen
authors.affiliation: Dept. Cardiovascular and Renal Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
authors.forename: Katrine D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Nissen
authors.affiliation: Dept. Cardiovascular and Renal Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.|Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Ilvy M E
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Geraets
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Dept. Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
authors.forename: Aimin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Dept. Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
authors.forename: Erfei
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: Dept. Cardio-Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.|Centre for Individualized Medicine in Arterial Diseases (CIMA), Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.
authors.forename: Maria L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Hansen
authors.affiliation: Dept. Cardio-Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.|Centre for Individualized Medicine in Arterial Diseases (CIMA), Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.
authors.forename: Akhmadjon
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Irmukhamedov
authors.affiliation: Dept. Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.|Centre for Individualized Medicine in Arterial Diseases (CIMA), Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.
authors.forename: Lars M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Rasmussen
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Dept. Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Dept. Cardiovascular and Renal Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.|Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht, the Netherlands.|Dept. Cardio-Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.|Centre for Individualized Medicine in Arterial Diseases (CIMA), Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.
authors.forename: Jo G R
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: De Mey
mesh_terms: D054392:Adipokines / Q000378:metabolism*; D052242:Adiponectin / Q000378:metabolism; D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000378:metabolism; D000368:Aged; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D050556:Fatty Acid-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D020738:Leptin / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D000069236:Pericardial Fluid / Q000378:metabolism; D010496:Pericardium / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D054392:Adipokines; D052242:Adiponectin; C493410:FABP4 protein, human; D050556:Fatty Acid-Binding Proteins; D020738:Leptin