title: Spermatogenesis in humans and its affecting factors.
abstract: Spermatogenesis is an extraordinary complex process. The differentiation of spermatogonia into spermatozoa requires the participation of several cell types, hormones, paracrine factors, genes and epigenetic regulators. Recent researches in animals and humans have furthered our understanding of the male gamete differentiation, and led to clinical tools for the better management of male infertility. There is still much to be learned about this intricate process. In this review, the critical steps of human spermatogenesis are discussed together with its main affecting factors.
authors.affiliation: Center for Male Reproductive Medicine and Microsurgery, Department of Urology and Institute of Reproductive Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States.
authors.forename: Filipe Tenorio Lira
authors.initials: FT
authors.lastname: Neto
authors.affiliation: Center for Male Reproductive Medicine and Microsurgery, Department of Urology and Institute of Reproductive Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States.
authors.forename: Phil Vu
authors.initials: PV
authors.lastname: Bach
authors.affiliation: Center for Male Reproductive Medicine and Microsurgery, Department of Urology and Institute of Reproductive Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States.
authors.forename: Bobby B
authors.initials: BB
authors.lastname: Najari
authors.affiliation: Center for Male Reproductive Medicine and Microsurgery, Department of Urology and Institute of Reproductive Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States.
authors.forename: Philip S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Center for Male Reproductive Medicine and Microsurgery, Department of Urology and Institute of Reproductive Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States. Electronic address: mgoldst@med.cornell.edu.
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Goldstein
mesh_terms: D044127:Epigenesis, Genetic; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008954:Models, Biological; D019899:Paracrine Communication; D013091:Spermatogenesis / Q000235:genetics
keywords: Genetics; Germ cells; Human spermatogenesis; Male infertility; Reproduction; Sperm; Testis; Testosterone; Varicocele