title: Factors hindering clinical training of students in selected nursing educational institutions in Southeastern Nigeria.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Clinical training is an integral part of professional nursing education as it equips students with the required knowledge, skills, attitudes, and values needed for optimal practice in real-life situations. Inappropriate professional attributes have been observed among nursing graduates, while challenges to acquisition of clinical skills have been understudied in Nigeria.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study investigated system factors related to the provision of infrastructure/equipment, training/supervisory activities, and students' factors that may hinder clinical training of nursing students in two selected institutions in Southeastern Nigeria.
  
  
  METHODS
  This cross-sectional descriptive study purposively enlisted 283 students from a diploma and a degree nursing education program. Data were collected with researchers' developed questionnaire and analyzed in percentages, and means, with a mean decision criterion of <3.0 for identifying significant hindering factors. T-test was used for inferential statistics at p<0.05 level of significance.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Major hindering factors identified include: non participation of teachers in students' clinical supervision; non-completion of relevant level classroom instructions and practical demonstrations before each clinical experience, inadequate equipment to practice in the clinical areas, with no preceptors to coach them at each shift (mean scores <3.0). Significant differences (p-value<0.05) exist in the deficiencies identified between the institutions. While the degree program students had significantly less opportunity for return demonstration under supervision and independent practice in the laboratory; the diploma program students had significantly fewer teachers in their school and patients in their clinical area, clinical nurses as role models were not following the standard procedures in practice and students were not evaluated by supervisors at the end of each clinical experience.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Identified factors in these training environments could hinder learners' interest and acquisition of professional attributes. Rectifying these situations could enhance the acquisition and display of appropriate professional performance behavior in practice by nursing graduates.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nursing Sciences, University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus, Nsukka, Nigeria. Electronic address: agnes.anarado@unn.edu.ng.
authors.forename: Agnes N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Anarado
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing Mater Misericordiae Hospital, Afikpo, Ebonyi State, Nigeria. Electronic address: srgrace2010@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Grace U
authors.initials: GU
authors.lastname: Agu
authors.affiliation: Department of Nursing Sciences, University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus, Nsukka, Nigeria. Electronic address: eunwonu@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Eunice I
authors.initials: EI
authors.lastname: Nwonu
mesh_terms: D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D002983:Clinical Competence / Q000592:standards*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004508:Education, Nursing, Baccalaureate / Q000592:standards; D004510:Education, Nursing, Diploma Programs / Q000592:standards; D005181:Faculty, Nursing / Q000592:standards; D005260:Female; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009549:Nigeria; D015402:Nursing Education Research; D009745:Nursing, Supervisory / Q000592:standards*; D013338:Students, Nursing / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: Clinical training; Hindering factors; Nursing students; Professional attribute acquisition; Training environment