title: Cytoskeleton reorganization/disorganization is a key feature of induced inaccessibility for defence to successive pathogen attacks.
abstract: In this work, we investigated the involvement of the long-term dynamics of cytoskeletal reorganization on the induced inaccessibility phenomenon by which cells that successfully defend against a previous fungal attack become highly resistant to subsequent attacks. This was performed on pea through double inoculation experiments using inappropriate (Blumeria graminis f. sp. avenae, Bga) and appropriate (Erysiphe pisi, Ep) powdery mildew fungi. Pea leaves previously inoculated with Bga showed a significant reduction of later Ep infection relative to leaves inoculated only with Ep, indicating that cells had developed induced inaccessibility. This reduction in Ep infection was higher when the time interval between Bga and Ep inoculation ranged between 18 and 24 h, although increased penetration resistance in co-infected cells was observed even with time intervals of 24 days between inoculations. Interestingly, this increase in resistance to Ep following successful defence to the inappropriate Bga was associated with an increase in actin microfilament density that reached a maximum at 18-24 h after Bga inoculation and very slowly decreased afterwards. The putative role of cytoskeleton reorganization/disorganization leading to inaccessibility is supported by the suppression of the induced resistance mediated by specific actin (cytochalasin D, latrunculin B) or general protein (cycloheximide) inhibitors.
authors.affiliation: CSIC, Institute for Sustainable Agriculture, Córdoba, E-14004, Spain.
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Moral
authors.affiliation: CSIC, Institute for Sustainable Agriculture, Córdoba, E-14004, Spain.
authors.forename: Gracia
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Montilla-Bascón
authors.affiliation: CSIC, Institute for Sustainable Agriculture, Córdoba, E-14004, Spain.
authors.forename: Francisco J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Canales
authors.affiliation: CSIC, Institute for Sustainable Agriculture, Córdoba, E-14004, Spain.
authors.forename: Diego
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rubiales
authors.affiliation: CSIC, Institute for Sustainable Agriculture, Córdoba, E-14004, Spain.
authors.forename: Elena
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-0717-4532
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Prats
mesh_terms: D008841:Actin Cytoskeleton / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D019086:Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic / Q000494:pharmacology; D003513:Cycloheximide / Q000494:pharmacology; D015638:Cytochalasin D / Q000494:pharmacology; D003599:Cytoskeleton / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D060467:Disease Resistance / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology; D018532:Pisum sativum / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology*; D053778:Thiazolidines / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D019086:Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic; D053778:Thiazolidines; D015638:Cytochalasin D; D003513:Cycloheximide; C037068:latrunculin B
keywords: cell memory; cytoskeleton; disease resistance; inaccessibility; papilla; pea; powdery mildew