title: Effects of lactoferrin and lactoperoxidase-containing food on the oral hygiene status of older individuals: A randomized, double blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Lactoferrin and lactoperoxidase have antimicrobial effects against oral pathogens. This randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled parallel group study tested the efficacy of a lactoferrin and lactoperoxidase-containing tablet (LF + LPO tablet) in improving the oral hygiene status of older individuals.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 46 participants (31 nursing home residents and 15 healthy older individuals) were randomly assigned to receive either lactoferrin and lactoperoxidase-containing tablets or placebo tablets, and were asked to suck on a tablet after every meal for 8 weeks. Oral and bacteriological assessments were carried out at baseline, 4 weeks and 8 weeks.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 47 participants (test group n = 20; mean age 80.4 ± 6.4 years; placebo group n = 17; mean age 85.9 ± 6.7 years) were included in the efficacy analysis. In the test group, the total number of bacteria in the tongue coating was significantly reduced at 4 and 8 weeks compared with that at baseline, and the number of Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum was significantly reduced at 8 weeks. The total number of bacteria and the number of P. gingivalis in the supragingival plaque were significantly reduced at 8 weeks. Furthermore, there was a significant difference in the change in the number of P. gingivalis in supragingival plaque at 8 weeks between the two groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Lactoferrin and lactoperoxidase-containing tablet ingestion showed antibacterial effects on periodontal bacteria present in the tongue coating and supragingival plaque, indicating that long-term ingestion could improve the oral hygiene of older individuals. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2017; 17: 714-721.
authors.affiliation: Department of Special Needs Dentistry, Division of Hygiene and Oral Health, Showa University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Morita
authors.affiliation: Department of Special Needs Dentistry, Division of Hygiene and Oral Health, Showa University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Kentaro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ishikawa
authors.affiliation: Food Ingredients & Technology Institute, Morinaga Milk Industry, Saitama, Japan.
authors.forename: Manabu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nakano
authors.affiliation: Food Ingredients & Technology Institute, Morinaga Milk Industry, Saitama, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wakabayashi
authors.affiliation: Food Ingredients & Technology Institute, Morinaga Milk Industry, Saitama, Japan.
authors.forename: Koji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yamauchi
authors.affiliation: Food Ingredients & Technology Institute, Morinaga Milk Industry, Saitama, Japan.
authors.forename: Fumiaki
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Abe
authors.affiliation: Department of Special Needs Dentistry, Division of Hygiene and Oral Health, Showa University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan.|Division of feeding and swallowing rehabilitation, Department of Restorative and Biomaterials Sciences, Meikai University School of Dentistry, Saitama, Japan.
authors.forename: Takafumi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ooka
authors.affiliation: Department of Special Needs Dentistry, Division of Hygiene and Oral Health, Showa University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Shouji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hironaka
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000382:microbiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005502:Food; D005504:Food Analysis / Q000379:methods*; D005891:Gingivitis / Q000382:microbiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006801:Humans; D007781:Lactoferrin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007784:Lactoperoxidase / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D009061:Mouth Mucosa / Q000187:drug effects / Q000382:microbiology*; D009910:Oral Hygiene; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012463:Saliva / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D007784:Lactoperoxidase; D007781:Lactoferrin
keywords: lactoferrin; lactoperoxidase; older individuals; periodontal bacteria; randomized clinical trial