title: A Three-Step Method for the Deposition of Large Cuboids of Organic-Inorganic Perovskite and Application in Solar Cells.
abstract: A three-step method for the deposition of CH3 NH3 PbI3 perovskite films with a high crystalline structure and large cuboid overlayer morphology is reported. The method includes PbI2 deposition, which is followed by dipping into a solution of C4 H9 NH3 I (BAI) and (BA)2 PbI4 perovskite formation. In the final step, the poorly thermodynamically stable (BA)2 PbI4 phase converts into the more stable CH3 NH3 PbI3 perovskite by dipping into a solution of CH3 NH3 I. The final product is characterized by XRD, SEM, UV/Vis, and photoluminescence analysis methods. The experimental results indicate that the prepared perovskite has cuboids with high crystallinity and large sizes (up to 1 μm), as confirmed by XRD and SEM data. Photovoltaic investigations show that the three-step method results in higher solar cell efficiency (15 % enhancement in efficiency) with a better reproducibility than the conventional two-step deposition method.
authors.affiliation: Chemistry Department, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, 1684613114, Iran.
authors.forename: Saeed
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shahbazi
authors.affiliation: School of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, 1417614411, Iran.
authors.forename: Mahdi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Malekshahi Byranvand
authors.affiliation: Department of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Materials and Energy Research Center, Karaj, 31787-316, Iran. f.tajabadi@merc.ac.ir.
authors.forename: Fariba
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Tajabadi
authors.affiliation: Chemistry Department, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, 1684613114, Iran. sh_afshar@iust.ac.ir.
authors.forename: Shahrara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Afshar
authors.affiliation: Physics Department and Institute for Nanoscience, and Nanotechnology, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, 14588, Iran. taghavinia@sharif.edu.
authors.forename: Nima
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0121-8469
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Taghavinia
keywords: electrochemistry; perovskite phases; solar cells; synthesis design; thin films