title: High Yield Synthesis of Aspect Ratio Controlled Graphenic Materials from Anthracite Coal in Supercritical Fluids.
abstract: This paper rationalizes the green and scalable synthesis of graphenic materials of different aspect ratios using anthracite coal as a single source material under different supercritical environments. Single layer, monodisperse graphene oxide quantum dots (GQDs) are obtained at high yield (55 wt %) from anthracite coal in supercritical water. The obtained GQDs are ∼3 nm in lateral size and display a high fluorescence quantum yield of 28%. They show high cell viability and are readily used for imaging cancer cells. In an analogous experiment, high aspect ratio graphenic materials with ribbon-like morphology (GRs) are synthesized from the same source material in supercritical ethanol at a yield of 6.4 wt %. A thin film of GRs with 68% transparency shows a surface resistance of 9.3 kΩ/sq. This is apparently the demonstration of anthracite coal as a source for electrically conductive graphenic materials.
authors.affiliation: CNRS, University of Bordeaux, ICMCB , UPR 9048, Pessac 33600, France.
authors.forename: Suchithra Padmajan
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Sasikala
authors.affiliation: CNRS, University of Bordeaux, ICMCB , UPR 9048, Pessac 33600, France.
authors.forename: Lucile
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Henry
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts , Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States.
authors.forename: Gulen
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Yesilbag Tonga
authors.affiliation: Centre de Recherche Paul Pascal, CNRS, University of Bordeaux , Pessac 33600, France.
authors.forename: Kai
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts , Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States.
authors.forename: Riddha
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Das
authors.affiliation: CNRS, University of Bordeaux, ICMCB , UPR 9048, Pessac 33600, France.
authors.forename: Baptiste
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Giroire
authors.affiliation: CNRS, University of Bordeaux, ICMCB , UPR 9048, Pessac 33600, France.
authors.forename: Samuel
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Marre
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts , Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States.
authors.forename: Vincent M
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Rotello
authors.affiliation: Centre de Recherche Paul Pascal, CNRS, University of Bordeaux , Pessac 33600, France.
authors.forename: Alain
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Penicaud
authors.affiliation: Centre de Recherche Paul Pascal, CNRS, University of Bordeaux , Pessac 33600, France.
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Poulin
authors.affiliation: CNRS, University of Bordeaux, ICMCB , UPR 9048, Pessac 33600, France.
authors.forename: Cyril
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Aymonier
keywords: bioimaging; coal; conductive graphenic ribbons; emissive graphene oxide quantum dots; supercritical fluids