title: Graphene modified screen printed immunosensor for highly sensitive detection of parathion.
abstract: Due to indiscriminate use of pesticides, there is a growing need to develop sensors that can sensitively detect the trace amount of pesticides in food and water samples. Parathion, identified as an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, had been one of the most widely used pesticides throughout the world. Symptoms of its poisoning are found to be diverse enough to include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, muscle cramping/twitching, and shortness of breath. In this work, a graphene based impedimetric immunosensor has been fabricated and employed for highly sensitive and specific detection of parathion. The fabrication proceeded through the modification of the screen-printed carbon electrodes (SPE) with graphene sheets, followed by their functionalization with 2-aminobenzyl amine (2-ABA) via an electrochemical reaction. These amine functionalized graphene electrodes were then bio-interfaced with the anti-parathion antibodies. In the impedimetric mode, this biosensor detected parathion in a broad linear range, i.e. 0.1-1000ng/L with a very low limit of detection (52pg/L). It also showed high selectivity towards parathion in the presence of malathion, paraoxon, and fenitrothion. The viability of this biosensor was demonstrated by detecting parathion in real samples (e.g., tomato and carrot) and through cross-calibration against HPLC.
authors.affiliation: Central Scientific Instruments Organisation (CSIR-CSIO), Sector 30 C, Chandigarh 160030, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-CSIO, Sector 30 C, Chandigarh 160030, India.
authors.forename: Jyotsana
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mehta
authors.affiliation: Central Scientific Instruments Organisation (CSIR-CSIO), Sector 30 C, Chandigarh 160030, India; UIET, Panjab University, Sector 14, Chandigarh 160014, India.
authors.forename: Priya
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Vinayak
authors.affiliation: Central Scientific Instruments Organisation (CSIR-CSIO), Sector 30 C, Chandigarh 160030, India.
authors.forename: Satish K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Tuteja
authors.affiliation: Centre for Development of Advanced Computing, Phase VIII, Mohali 160071, India.
authors.forename: Varun A
authors.initials: VA
authors.lastname: Chhabra
authors.affiliation: Central Scientific Instruments Organisation (CSIR-CSIO), Sector 30 C, Chandigarh 160030, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-CSIO, Sector 30 C, Chandigarh 160030, India.
authors.forename: Neha
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Bhardwaj
authors.affiliation: Central Scientific Instruments Organisation (CSIR-CSIO), Sector 30 C, Chandigarh 160030, India.
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Paul
authors.affiliation: Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-Ro, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: kkim61@hanyang.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Ki-Hyun
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Central Scientific Instruments Organisation (CSIR-CSIO), Sector 30 C, Chandigarh 160030, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-CSIO, Sector 30 C, Chandigarh 160030, India. Electronic address: dr.akashdeep@csio.res.in.
authors.forename: Akash
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Deep
mesh_terms: D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors / Q000032:analysis; D017097:Electric Impedance; D055664:Electrochemical Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation*; D004566:Electrodes; D005504:Food Analysis / Q000295:instrumentation*; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis*; D006108:Graphite / Q000737:chemistry*; D007118:Immunoassay / Q000295:instrumentation; D057230:Limit of Detection; D010278:Parathion / Q000032:analysis*; D010575:Pesticides / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors; D010575:Pesticides; D010278:Parathion; D006108:Graphite
keywords: Graphene; Impedance; Parathion; Screen-printed electrode; Sensing