title: Do outdoor environmental noise and atmospheric NO2 levels spatially overlap in urban areas?
abstract: The urban environment holds numerous emission sources for air and noise pollution, creating optimum conditions for environmental multi-exposure situations. Evaluation of the joint-exposure levels is the main obstacle for multi-exposure studies and one of the biggest challenges of the next decade. The present study aims to describe the noise/NO2 multi-exposure situations in the urban environment by exploring the possible discordant and concordant situations of both exposures. Fine-scale diffusion models were developed in the European medium-sized city of Besançon (France), and a classification method was used to evaluate the multi-exposure situations in the façade perimeter of 10,825 buildings. Although correlated (Pearson's r = 0.64, p < 0.01), urban spatial distributions of the noise and NO2 around buildings do not overlap, and 30% of the buildings were considered to be discordant in terms of the noise and NO2 exposure levels. This discrepancy is spatially structured and associated with variables describing the building's environment. Our results support the presence of several co-existing, multi-exposure situations across the city impacted by both the urban morphology and the emission and diffusion/propagation phases of each pollutant. Identifying the mechanisms of discrepancy and convergence of multi-exposure situations could help improve the health risk assessment and public health.
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire Chrono-environnement, UMR6249 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Université de Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, France. Electronic address: quentin.tenailleau@univ-fcomte.fr.
authors.forename: Quentin M
authors.initials: QM
authors.lastname: Tenailleau
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire Chrono-environnement, UMR6249 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Université de Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, France; Laboratoire ThéMA, UMR6049 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Université de Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, France.
authors.forename: Nadine
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Bernard
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire Chrono-environnement, UMR6249 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Université de Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, France; Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Besançon, France.
authors.forename: Sophie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pujol
authors.affiliation: Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Besançon, France.
authors.forename: Anne-Laure
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Parmentier
authors.affiliation: AASQA, Atmo Franche-Comté, France.
authors.forename: Mathieu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Boilleaut
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire ThéMA, UMR6049 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Université de Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, France.
authors.forename: Hélène
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Houot
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire ThéMA, UMR6049 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Université de Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, France.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Joly
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire Chrono-environnement, UMR6249 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Université de Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, France; Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Besançon, France.
authors.forename: Frédéric
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Mauny
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000032:analysis*; D005602:France; D040362:Geographic Information Systems; D006801:Humans; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D009585:Nitrogen Dioxide / Q000032:analysis*; D009622:Noise; D011634:Public Health; D018570:Risk Assessment; D014505:Urban Population
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D009585:Nitrogen Dioxide
keywords: Air pollution; Co-exposure; Environmental exposure assessment; G.I.S.; Models; Multiple-exposure; Urban noise