title: EFFICACY OF NOVEL WATER DISINFECTION TECHNIQUES IN HORTICULTURAL NUTRIENT RECYCLING.
abstract: Hydroponic systems used for growing potted ornamentals in greenhouses are commonly ebb-and-flow irrigation systems. The drainage water is usually recycled to save water and nutrients. To avoid the spread of pathogens in these closed irrigation systems, disinfection of the recycled water is standard practice. Growers can use slow sand filtration or UV-radiation techniques, but these methods are often either not sulted for specific problems or they require an excessively large investment. The objective of this study was to test less expensive but effective alternative disinfection systems. The efficacy of five disinfection systems against fungi and oomycetes was determined: Aqua-Hort (based on Cu-ions), Reciclean (performic acid), D1-OX Forte (CIO2), ECA (electrochemically activated water = anodic oxidation: hypochlorite and free radicals) and Newtec (also anodic oxidation). These five systems and a no-sterilization control were integrated in small closed ebb-and-flow circuits with nutrient solution reservoirs of 400 L each. Activity against Fusarium was excellent with ECA, good with Newtec and DI-OX Forte, moderate with high doses of Reciclean (250 ppm H2O2 and poor with the Aqua-Hort. There was no Pythium in the ECA and Newtec systems, while still so in the Aqua-Hort system, even at high doses (up to 7 ppm Cu++). Although the Reciclean (up to 100 ppm H2O2) and Aqua-Hort systems did not perform well against the pathogens, they did very well against algae; especially Reciclean was also useful against duckweed in water and liverwort on soil substrates. Concentrations of total Cl were elevated in water, substrate and plants after treatments with ECA and Newtec; other accumulations were Cu (Aqua-Hort), Na and SO4 (DI-OX Forte). However, only on a limited number of plant species these accumulations produced phytotoxic effects.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Heungens
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Clierinck
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Inghelbrecht
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vissers
mesh_terms: D057914:Agricultural Irrigation; D004203:Disinfection / Q000379:methods*; D005618:Fresh Water / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000469:parasitology; D005670:Fusarium / Q000254:growth & development; D018527:Hydroponics / Q000295:instrumentation; D011775:Pythium / Q000254:growth & development; D059027:Recycling; D018508:Water Purification / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*