title: Association of office-based frailty score with hypertensive end organ damage in the J-SHIPP cross-sectional study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Frailty, a geriatric syndrome reflecting a state of reduced physiological reserve and increased vulnerability, is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. However, the relationship between frailty and hypertensive end-organ damage is not fully established.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We performed a cross-sectional study to investigate the association between frailty and end-organ damage in 1125 apparently healthy middle-aged to elderly subjects. We performed a simple frailty (SF) score that was easily obtainable in the office, in combination with low hand grip power and short one-leg standing (OLS) time. The association between SF score and hypertensive end-organ damage and other frailty-related parameters was evaluated. Odds ratio of SF score 1 to score 0 for the presence of hypertension was 1.9 [1.4-2.5, p<.0001] and that of SF score 2 was 3.3 [2.1-5.3, p<.0001]. SF score was also significantly associated with brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) and central pulse pressure (PP2). SF score was significantly associated with higher frailty index calculated from 21 parameters, lower cognitive test score, % vital capacity, skeletal muscle mass, and thigh muscle cross-sectional area. SF score was positively associated with stage of brain white matter hyperintenisty, plasma levels of B-type natriuretic peptide, and urinary protein excretion, even after correction for confounding parameters including baPWV and PP2.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings indicate that frailty is significantly associated with end-organ damage in elderly subjects. SF score may be a useful clinical tool to identify frail subjects and advanced end-organ damage in elderly subjects.
authors.affiliation: Center for Genomic Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Yasuharu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tabara
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Collaborative Regional Innovation, Ehime University, Matsuyama City, Ehime, Japan. Electronic address: kohara.katsuhiko.ib@ehime-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Katsuhiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kohara
authors.affiliation: Department of Geriatrics and Neurology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon City, Japan.
authors.forename: Masayuki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ochi
authors.affiliation: Department of Geriatrics and Neurology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon City, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Okada
authors.affiliation: Department of Geriatrics and Neurology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon City, Japan.
authors.forename: Maya
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ohara
authors.affiliation: Department of Geriatrics and Neurology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon City, Japan.
authors.forename: Tokihisa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nagai
authors.affiliation: Department of Geriatrics and Neurology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon City, Japan.
authors.forename: Michiya
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Igase
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D055109:Ankle Brachial Index; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D016330:Frail Elderly; D015577:Geriatric Assessment / Q000379:methods*; D018737:Hand Strength / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal; D020097:Natriuretic Peptide, Brain / Q000097:blood*; D016017:Odds Ratio; D055948:Sarcopenia / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D066127:White Matter / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*
chemical_list: D020097:Natriuretic Peptide, Brain
keywords: End-organ damages; Frailty; Hand grip strength; One-leg standing time