title: Adipose Tissue Depots and Their Cross-Sectional Associations With Circulating Biomarkers of Metabolic Regulation.
abstract: Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and fatty liver differ in their associations with cardiovascular risk compared with subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT). Several biomarkers have been linked to metabolic derangements and may contribute to the pathogenicity of fat depots. We examined the association between fat depots on multidetector computed tomography and metabolic regulatory biomarkers.
  
  
  
  Participants from the Framingham Heart Study (n=1583, 47% women) underwent assessment of SAT, VAT, and liver attenuation. We measured circulating biomarkers secreted by adipose tissue or liver (adiponectin, leptin, leptin receptor, fatty acid binding protein 4, fetuin-A, and retinol binding protein 4). Using multivariable linear regression models, we examined relations of fat depots with biomarkers. Higher levels of fat depots were positively associated with leptin and fatty acid binding protein 4 but negatively associated with adiponectin (all P<0.001). Associations with leptin receptor, fetuin-A, and retinol binding protein 4 varied according to fat depot type or sex. When comparing the associations of SAT and VAT with biomarkers, VAT was the stronger correlate of adiponectin (β=-0.28 [women]; β=-0.30 [men]; both P<0.001), whereas SAT was the stronger correlate of leptin (β=0.62 [women]; β=0.49 [men]; both P<0.001; P<0.001 for comparing VAT versus SAT). Although fetuin-A and retinol binding protein 4 are secreted by the liver in addition to adipose tissue, associations of liver attenuation with these biomarkers was not stronger than that of SAT or VAT.
  
  
  
  SAT, VAT, and liver attenuation are associated with metabolic regulatory biomarkers with differences in the associations by fat depot type and sex. These findings support the possibility of biological differences between fat depots.
authors.affiliation: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA.
authors.forename: Jane J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.
authors.forename: Kathryn A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Britton
authors.affiliation: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA.
authors.forename: Alison
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pedley
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics, Boston University, Boston, MA.
authors.forename: Joseph M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Massaro
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI.
authors.forename: Elizabeth K
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Speliotes
authors.affiliation: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA Section of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA.
authors.forename: Joanne M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Murabito
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA.
authors.forename: Udo
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Hoffmann
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA.
authors.forename: Cheryl
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ingram
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA.
authors.forename: John F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Keaney
authors.affiliation: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA Sections of Cardiology and Preventive Medicine, Evans Department of Medicine, Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA.
authors.forename: Ramachandran S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Vasan
authors.affiliation: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA Division of Endocrinology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA.
authors.forename: Caroline S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Fox
mesh_terms: D052242:Adiponectin / Q000378:metabolism; D000273:Adipose Tissue; D000328:Adult; D000410:Alanine Transaminase / Q000378:metabolism; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases / Q000378:metabolism; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000378:metabolism; D015331:Cohort Studies; D050556:Fatty Acid-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D050152:Intra-Abdominal Fat / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D020738:Leptin / Q000378:metabolism; D016014:Linear Models; D008099:Liver / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D061330:Multidetector Computed Tomography; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D054411:Receptors, Leptin / Q000378:metabolism; D054839:Retinol-Binding Proteins, Plasma / Q000378:metabolism; D050151:Subcutaneous Fat / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D060749:alpha-2-HS-Glycoprotein / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C499918:ADIPOQ protein, human; C556354:AHSG protein, human; D052242:Adiponectin; D015415:Biomarkers; C493410:FABP4 protein, human; D050556:Fatty Acid-Binding Proteins; C515448:LEPR protein, human; D020738:Leptin; C101326:RBP4 protein, human; D054411:Receptors, Leptin; D054839:Retinol-Binding Proteins, Plasma; D060749:alpha-2-HS-Glycoprotein; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases; D000410:Alanine Transaminase
keywords: adipokines; adipose tissue; biomarkers; epidemiology; obesity