title: A fast, easy circumcision procedure combining a CO2 laser and cyanoacrylate adhesive: a non-randomized comparative trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Circumcision is performed as a routine operation in many countries, more commonly for religious and cultural reasons than for indicated conditions, such as phimosis and balanitis. There are many techniques available, and recently electrocautery and both Nd:YAG and CO2 lasers, instead of blades, have been used for skin and mucosal incisions. However, the infection risk in circumcisions performed using a CO2 laser was 10% higher. There are also reports of sutureless procedures using cyanoacrylate, but these have higher risks of hematoma and hemorrhage. We combined a CO2 laser and cyanoacrylate to shorten the operation time and to decrease bleeding complications.
  
  
  METHODS
  Circumcisions were performed under general anesthesia with CO2 laser and cyanoacrylate combination in 75 6-9-year-old boys between May 2013 and August 2014 only for religious reasons. As a control, we compared them retrospectively with 75 age-matched patients who were circumcised using the conventional guillotine method in our clinic.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No hematomas, bleeding, or wound infections were observed. One wound dehiscence (1.33%) occurred during the early postoperative period and healed without any additional procedures. The median operating time was 7 (range 6-9) minutes. The conventional guillotine group comprised one hematoma (1.3%), two wound dehiscences (2.6%), and two hemorrhages (2.6%), and the median operating time was 22 (range 20-26) minutes. The difference in surgical time was significant (p<0.001), with no significant difference in the rate of complications between the two groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The combined CO2 laser and cyanoacrylate procedure not only decreased the operating time markedly, but also eliminated the disadvantages associated with each individual procedure alone.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Bulent Ecevit University Medical Faculty, Zonguldak, Turkey.
authors.forename: Tahsin
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Gorgulu
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Bulent Ecevit University Medical Faculty, Zonguldak, Turkey.
authors.forename: Abdulkerim
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Olgun
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Bulent Ecevit University Medical Faculty, Zonguldak, Turkey.
authors.forename: Merve
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Torun
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Bulent Ecevit University Medical Faculty, Zonguldak, Turkey.
authors.forename: Eksal
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kargi
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002944:Circumcision, Male / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D003487:Cyanoacrylates / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D054020:Lasers, Gas / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D061646:Operative Time; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D013536:Suture Techniques; D014014:Tissue Adhesives / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D003487:Cyanoacrylates; D014014:Tissue Adhesives