title: Quality decline and oxidative damage in sperm of freshwater crab Sinopotamon henanense exposed to lead.
abstract: Lead (Pb) induces male infertility in vertebrates. Whether lead is related to reproductive abnormalities in aquatic invertebrates remains uncertain. In this work, effects of Pb on the sperm quality and oxidative stress of the freshwater crab Sinopotamon henanense were investigated after 3, 5 and 7d exposure to different Pb concentrations (0, 3.675, 7.35, 14.7, 29.4 and 58.8mg/L). Sperm quality indices including sperm plasma-membrane integrity and acrosomal-membrane integrity were measured by flow cytometry. DNA integrity was measured by fluorescence microscopy. The results showed that Pb levels in sperm increased significantly upon Pb exposure in most treated groups, sperm plasma-membrane integrity, acrosomal-membrane integrity, and DNA integrity were reduced at higher concentrations after 5 d and 7d. Oxidative stress of sperm induced by Pb was reflected in significant up-regulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels after 3, 5 and 7d. A significant reduction of the total antioxidant capacity levels occurred after exposure to 14.7mg/L Pb and above at 7d compared to the control. The results of oxidative damage to lipids, proteins and DNA of sperm showed that malondialdehyde, protein carbonylation and DNA-protein crosslinks were increased in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. Our findings document that Pb can induce harmful effects on several reproductive endpoints in a freshwater crab.
authors.affiliation: School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China; School of Arts and Sciences, Shanxi Agriculture University, Taigu, Shanxi 030081, China.
authors.forename: Na
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China.
authors.forename: Yu-Hua
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Hou
authors.affiliation: School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China.
authors.forename: Wei-Xin
authors.initials: WX
authors.lastname: Jing
authors.affiliation: KMU - Kaohsiung Medical University, Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, No. 100, Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, No. 70, Lienhai Road, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Hans-Uwe
authors.initials: HU
authors.lastname: Dahms
authors.affiliation: School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China. Electronic address: lanwang@sxu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Lan
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000177:Acrosome / Q000187:drug effects; D000818:Animals; D003386:Brachyura / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism*; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000187:drug effects; D004247:DNA / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005618:Fresh Water; D007854:Lead / Q000633:toxicity*; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D050050:Protein Carbonylation; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000187:drug effects*; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D007854:Lead; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D004247:DNA
keywords: Crab; Lead(Pb); Oxidative damage; Sperm quality