title: Association of Bisphenol A Exposure with Breastfeeding and Perceived Insufficient Milk Supply in Mexican Women.
abstract: Introduction Estrogen inhibits lactation and bisphenol A (BPA) is a high production environmental estrogen. We hypothesize an inhibitory effect of BPA on lactation and aim to analyze the association between third trimester pregnancy urinary BPA and breastfeeding rates 1 month postpartum. Methods Odds ratios (OR) and 95 % confidence intervals (95 % CI) of breastfeeding and perceived insufficient milk supply (PIM) in relation to maternal peripartum urinary BPA concentrations were calculated in 216 mothers. Results 97.2 % of mothers in the lowest BPA tertile were breastfeeding at 1 month postpartum, compared to 89.9 % in highest (p = 0.01). Adjusted ORs (95 % CI) for not breastfeeding at 1 month were 1.9 (0.3, 10.7) and 4.3 (0.8, 21.6) for second and third BPA tertiles, respectively, compared to the lowest (p = 0.06, trend). 4.2 % reported PIM in the lowest BPA tertile, compared to 8.7 % in the highest (p = 0.03). Adjusted ORs (95 % CI) for PIM were 1.8 (0.4, 7.7) and 2.2 (0.5, 9.5), for the second and third BPA tertiles, respectively, compared to the lowest (p = 0.29, trend). Discussion These results suggest an association between maternal BPA exposure and decreased breastfeeding.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.|Department of Pediatrics, Section of Nutrition, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 13123 E. 16th Ave., Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
authors.forename: Nicole
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kasper
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA. karenep@umich.edu.|Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Ave., Boston, MA, 02115, USA. karenep@umich.edu.|Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Michigan, 300 N Ingalls St., Ann Arbor, MI, 48104, USA. karenep@umich.edu.
authors.forename: Karen E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Peterson
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.|Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
authors.forename: Zhenzhen
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.|Epidemiology Branch, Department of Health and Human Services, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA.
authors.forename: Kelly K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Ferguson
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
authors.forename: Brisa N
authors.initials: BN
authors.lastname: Sánchez
authors.affiliation: Center for Research on Nutrition and Health, National Institute of Public Health, Universidad No. 655 Colonia Santa Maria Ahuacatitlán, Cerrada Los Pinos y Caminera, C.P. 62100, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico.
authors.forename: Alejandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cantoral
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
authors.forename: John D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Meeker
authors.affiliation: Center for Research on Nutrition and Health, National Institute of Public Health, Universidad No. 655 Colonia Santa Maria Ahuacatitlán, Cerrada Los Pinos y Caminera, C.P. 62100, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico.
authors.forename: Maria M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Téllez-Rojo
authors.affiliation: Brandon Newborn Intensive Care Unit, C.S. Mott Children's Hospital, 1540 E Hospital Dr., Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
authors.forename: Carolyn M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Pawlowski
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
authors.forename: Adrienne S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Ettinger
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000652:urine; D001942:Breast Feeding / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000032:analysis; D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D004968:Estrogens, Non-Steroidal / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000652:urine; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007774:Lactation / Q000187:drug effects*; D018811:Maternal Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008800:Mexico; D008895:Milk, Human; D009035:Mothers; D016017:Odds Ratio; D010636:Phenols / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000652:urine; D011247:Pregnancy; D011263:Pregnancy Trimester, Third; D055815:Young Adult; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds
chemical_list: D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds; D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D004968:Estrogens, Non-Steroidal; D010636:Phenols; C006780:bisphenol A; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds
keywords: Bisphenol A; Breastfeeding; Environmental exposure; Infant health