title: CAIDE Dementia Risk Score and biomarkers of neurodegeneration in memory clinic patients without dementia.
abstract: The aim of this study was to explore cross-sectional associations between Cardiovascular Risk Factors, Aging and Dementia Study (CAIDE) Dementia Risk Score and dementia-related cerebrospinal fluid and neuroimaging biomarkers in 724 patients without dementia from the Memory Clinic at Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden. We additionally evaluated the score's capacity to predict dementia. Two risk score versions were calculated: one including age, gender, obesity, hyperlipidemia, and hypertension; and one additionally including apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 carrier status. Cerebrospinal fluid was analyzed for amyloid β (Aβ), total tau, and phosphorylated tau. Visual assessments of medial temporal lobe atrophy (MTA), global cortical atrophy-frontal subscale, and Fazekas scale for white matter changes (WMC) were performed. Higher CAIDE Dementia Risk Score (version without APOE) was significantly associated with higher total tau, more severe MTA, WMC, and global cortical atrophy-frontal subscale. Higher CAIDE Dementia Risk Score (version with APOE) was associated with reduced Aβ, more severe MTA, and WMC. CAIDE Dementia Risk Score version with APOE seemed to predict dementia better in this memory clinic population with short follow-up than the version without APOE.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Psychiatry Southwest, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden. Electronic address: daniela.enache@ki.se.
authors.forename: Daniela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Enache
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Institute of Clinical Medicine/Neurology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Aging Research Center, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Alina
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Solomon
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Radiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Lena
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cavallin
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Aging Research Center, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; Institute of Gerontology, School of Health and Welfare, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden.
authors.forename: Ingemar
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kåreholt
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
authors.forename: Milica Gregoric
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Kramberger
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Geriatric Medicine, Memory Clinic, Karolinska University Hospital-Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden; Center for Age-Related Diseases, Psychiatric Clinic, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway.
authors.forename: Dag
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Aarsland
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Institute of Clinical Medicine/Neurology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Aging Research Center, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Geriatric Medicine, Memory Clinic, Karolinska University Hospital-Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Miia
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kivipelto
authors.affiliation: Department of Geriatric Medicine, Memory Clinic, Karolinska University Hospital-Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Eriksdotter
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Geriatric Medicine, Memory Clinic, Karolinska University Hospital-Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Bengt
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Winblad
authors.affiliation: Department of Geriatric Medicine, Memory Clinic, Karolinska University Hospital-Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Vesna
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Jelic
mesh_terms: D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid; D001057:Apolipoproteins E / Q000235:genetics; D001284:Atrophy; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003704:Dementia / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006579:Heterozygote; D006801:Humans; D006949:Hyperlipidemias / Q000150:complications; D006973:Hypertension; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications; D012306:Risk; D013702:Temporal Lobe / Q000473:pathology; D066127:White Matter / Q000473:pathology; D016875:tau Proteins / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid
chemical_list: D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides; D001057:Apolipoproteins E; D015415:Biomarkers; D016875:tau Proteins
keywords: Amyloid beta; CAIDE dementia risk score; Mild cognitive impairment; Neurodegeneration; Subjective cognitive impairment; Tau