title: Photodynamic inactivation of a multispecies biofilm using curcumin and LED light.
abstract: This study evaluated the potential of curcumin-mediated antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation (API) on multispecies biofilms of Candida albicans, Candida glabrata, and Streptococcus mutans of different ages. Acrylic samples (n = 480) were made with standardized rough surfaces and incubated with bacteria and yeast for 24 or 48 h. API was performed with curcumin (80, 100, 120 μM) and LED light. Additional acrylic samples were treated with curcumin or LED light only. Positive control samples received neither light nor curcumin. After API, colony counts were quantified (CFU/mL), cell metabolism was determined by means of XTT assay, and the total biofilm biomass was evaluated using Crystal Violet (CV) staining assay and images were obtained by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). The data were analyzed by nonparametric two-way ANOVA and post hoc Tukey tests (α < 0.05). For 24-h biofilm, API resulted in statistically significant difference (ρ < 0.001) of viability of C. albicans compared with control (P-L-) for all Cur concentrations. For 48-h biofilm, API resulted in statistically significant difference (ρ < 0.001) compared with control only when Cur at 120 μM was used. API promoted statistically significant difference (ρ ≤ 0.001) in the viability of S. mutans and C. glabrata for all Cur concentrations in the two biofilm ages. In addition, API produced a statistically significant difference (ρ < 0.001) of metabolic activity and of total biomass (ρ < 0.001) of multispecies biofilms compared with control for all Cur concentrations. It can be concluded that both 24- and 48-h biofilms were susceptible to API mediated by Cur; however, 24-h biofilm was more sensitive than the 48-h biofilm.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Institute of Science and Technology, UNESP, Univ Estadual Paulista, São José dos Campos, School of Dentistry - Avenida Engenheiro Francisco José Longo 777, CEP 12245-000, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Cristiane Campos Costa
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Quishida
authors.affiliation: Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araraquara Dental School, UNESP, Univ Estadual Paulista, Rua Humaitá 1680, CEP 14801-903, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ewerton Garcia
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: De Oliveira Mima
authors.affiliation: Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araraquara Dental School, UNESP, Univ Estadual Paulista, Rua Humaitá 1680, CEP 14801-903, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Janaina Habib
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Jorge
authors.affiliation: Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araraquara Dental School, UNESP, Univ Estadual Paulista, Rua Humaitá 1680, CEP 14801-903, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Carlos Eduardo
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Vergani
authors.affiliation: Physics Institute of São Carlos, USP, University of São Paulo, Av. Trabalhador São-Carlense, 400, CEP 13566-590, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Vanderlei Salvador
authors.initials: VS
authors.lastname: Bagnato
authors.affiliation: Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araraquara Dental School, UNESP, Univ Estadual Paulista, Rua Humaitá 1680, CEP 14801-903, Araraquara, SP, Brazil. pavarina@foar.unesp.br.
authors.forename: Ana Cláudia
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Pavarina
mesh_terms: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018441:Biofilms / Q000187:drug effects*; D002175:Candida / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D003474:Curcumin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D010778:Photochemotherapy / Q000379:methods*; D013295:Streptococcus mutans / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D003474:Curcumin
keywords: Bacteria; Fungi; Multispecies biofilm; Photodynamic inactivation