title: Parkia javanica Extract Induces Apoptosis in S-180 Cells via the Intrinsic Pathway of Apoptosis.
abstract: Parkia javanica is a leguminous tree, various parts of which are used as food and folklore medicine by the ethnic groups of northeastern India. The present study investigates the in vitro and in vivo anticancer effect of aqueous methanol extract of P. javanica fruit (PJE). HPLC analysis was done to establish the fingerprint chromatogram of PJE and its in vitro radical scavenging activity was measured. PJE caused significant cytotoxicity in sarcoma-180 (S-180), A549, AGS, and MDA-MB435S cancer cells in vitro. Exploration of the mechanistic details in S-180 cells suggested that the reduced cell viability was mediated by induction of apoptosis. Increased expression of proapoptotic proteins such as p53, p21, Bax/Bcl2, cytochrome c (Cyt c), caspase 9, and cleaved poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase, and decrease in proliferative and antiapoptotic markers (Ki-67, Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen [PCNA], Bcl-2) validated the anticancer effect of PJE. A decline in the relative fluorescence emission upon staining S-180 cells with Rhodamine 123 (Rh 123), enhanced expression of cytosolic Cyt c and mitochondrial Bax, and inhibition of apoptosis in the presence of caspase-9 inhibitor in PJE-treated cells indicated intrinsic pathway of apoptosis. Liver function test and hepatic antioxidant enzymes demonstrated non-toxicity of PJE. Finally, the detection of PJE in sera by HPLC confirmed its bioavailability.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Zoology , West Bengal State University , Kolkata , India.
authors.forename: Kartick
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Patra
authors.affiliation: a Department of Zoology , West Bengal State University , Kolkata , India.
authors.forename: Samarjit
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jana
authors.affiliation: a Department of Zoology , West Bengal State University , Kolkata , India.
authors.forename: Arnab
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sarkar
authors.affiliation: a Department of Zoology , West Bengal State University , Kolkata , India.
authors.forename: Subrata
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Karmakar
authors.affiliation: b Department of Biophysics , Bose Institute , Kolkata , India.
authors.forename: Jagannath
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jana
authors.affiliation: c Department of Dravyaguna (Medicinal Plant Pharmacology) , Institute of Post Graduate Ayurvedic Education & Research , Kolkata , India.
authors.forename: Mradu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.affiliation: d Department of Pathology , Barasat District Hospital , Kolkata , India.
authors.forename: Gopeswar
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mukherjee
authors.affiliation: e Department of Chemistry , Tripura University , Suryamaninagar, Agartala , India.
authors.forename: Utpal Chandra
authors.initials: UC
authors.lastname: De
authors.affiliation: a Department of Zoology , West Bengal State University , Kolkata , India.
authors.forename: Deba Prasad
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Mandal
authors.affiliation: a Department of Zoology , West Bengal State University , Kolkata , India.
authors.forename: Shamee
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bhattacharjee
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D053453:Caspase 9 / Q000378:metabolism; D061945:Caspase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D007887:Fabaceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D053078:Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial / Q000187:drug effects; D051379:Mice; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000097:blood / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012510:Sarcoma 180 / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D023041:Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
chemical_list: D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D000975:Antioxidants; D061945:Caspase Inhibitors; D010936:Plant Extracts; D053453:Caspase 9