title: Ex Vivo and In Vitro Studies on the Cytotoxicity and Immunomodulative Properties of Poly(2-isopropenyl-2-oxazoline) as a New Type of Biomedical Polymer.
abstract: Poly(2-alkenyl-2-oxazoline)s are promising functional polymers for a variety of biomedical applications, such as drug delivery systems, peptide conjugates, or gene delivery. In this study, poly(2-isopropenyl-2-oxazoline) (PIPOx) is prepared through free-radical polymerization initiated with azobisisobutyronitrile. Reactive 2-oxazoline units in the side chain support an addition reaction with different compounds containing a carboxylic group, which facilitates the preparation of polymers labeled with two different fluorescent dyes. The cytotoxicities of 2-oxazoline monomers, PIPOx, and fluorescently labeled PIPOx are evaluated in vitro using an 3-(4,5-Dimethyldiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay and ex vivo using a cell proliferation assay with adenosine triphosphate bioluminescence. The cell uptake of labeled PIPOx is used to determine the colocalization of PIPOx with cell organelles that are part of the endocytic pathway. For the first time, it is shown that poly(2-isopropenyl-2-oxazoline) is a biocompatible material and is suitable for biomedical applications; further, its immunomodulative properties are evaluated.
authors.affiliation: Department for Biomaterials Research, Polymer Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 41, Bratislava, Slovakia.
authors.forename: Zuzana
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Kroneková
authors.affiliation: Department for Biomaterials Research, Polymer Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 41, Bratislava, Slovakia.
authors.forename: Marcel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mikulec
authors.affiliation: Department for Biomaterials Research, Polymer Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 41, Bratislava, Slovakia.
authors.forename: Nadežda
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Petrenčíková
authors.affiliation: Institute of Chemistry, Center of Glycomics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 84236, Bratislava, Slovakia.
authors.forename: Ema
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Paulovičová
authors.affiliation: Institute of Chemistry, Center of Glycomics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 84236, Bratislava, Slovakia.
authors.forename: Lucia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Paulovičová
authors.affiliation: Institute of Experimental Pharmacology & Toxicology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 841 04, Bratislava, Slovakia.
authors.forename: Viera
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Jančinová
authors.affiliation: Institute of Experimental Pharmacology & Toxicology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 841 04, Bratislava, Slovakia.
authors.forename: Radomír
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nosál'
authors.affiliation: Centre of Polymer Systems, University Institute, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, Trˇída T. Bati 5678, Zlin, 760 01, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Palem S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Reddy
authors.affiliation: Centre of Polymer Systems, University Institute, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, Trˇída T. Bati 5678, Zlin, 760 01, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Ganesh D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Shimoga
authors.affiliation: International Laser Centre, Ilkovičova 3, 841 04, Bratislava, Slovakia.
authors.forename: Dušan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Chorvát
authors.affiliation: Department for Biomaterials Research, Polymer Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 41, Bratislava, Slovakia.
authors.forename: Juraj
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kronek
mesh_terms: D016475:3T3 Cells; D000818:Animals; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016923:Cell Death / Q000187:drug effects; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D004705:Endocytosis / Q000187:drug effects; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000166:cytology; D056747:Immunomodulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D015388:Organelles / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D010080:Oxazoles / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011108:Polymers / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011126:Polypropylenes / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013050:Spectrometry, Fluorescence; D013154:Spleen / Q000166:cytology
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D010080:Oxazoles; D011108:Polymers; D011126:Polypropylenes; C000624151:poly(2-isopropenyl-2-oxazoline)
keywords: biocompatibility; cell proliferation; fluorescence; functionalization of polymers; poly(2-isopropenyl-2-oxazoline); splenocytes