title: Nivolumab, anti-programmed death-1 (PD-1) monoclonal antibody immunotherapy: Role in advanced cancers.
abstract: The development of immune checkpoint inhibitors has altered the landscape of treatment of advanced cancers. These drugs are well tolerated and have shown clinical activity against a wide variety of solid tumors and hematological malignancies. The durability of response is particularly impressive when compared to other forms of systemic therapy. Nivolumab (Opdivo) is an IgG4 antibody that causes immune checkpoint blockade by diminishing inhibitory signaling through the programmed death receptor-1 pathway. It is approved for treatment of recurrent non-small cell lung cancer, melanoma, and renal cell carcinoma. Efforts to identify biomarkers of response to nivolumab are ongoing. Clinical trials are also being conducted to determine the benefits of combining nivolumab with other forms of treatment including chemotherapy, molecular-targeted therapy, radiation therapy, and other forms of immune therapy. This review outlines the clinical trials that have led to the emergence of nivolumab as a treatment option for patients with advanced cancers.
authors.affiliation: a Thoracic and Gastrointestinal Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , MD , USA.
authors.forename: Arun
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rajan
authors.affiliation: a Thoracic and Gastrointestinal Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , MD , USA.
authors.forename: Chul
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: b Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , MD , USA.
authors.forename: Christopher R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Heery
authors.affiliation: a Thoracic and Gastrointestinal Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , MD , USA.
authors.forename: Udayan
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Guha
authors.affiliation: b Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , MD , USA.|c Genitourinary Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , MD , USA.
authors.forename: James L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Gulley
mesh_terms: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000628:therapy*; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000628:therapy*; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D006801:Humans; D007167:Immunotherapy / Q000379:methods*; D008545:Melanoma / Q000628:therapy*; D000077594:Nivolumab; D061026:Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; C105992:PDCD1 protein, human; D061026:Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor; D000077594:Nivolumab
keywords: immune checkpoint inhibitors; immunotherapy; melanoma; nivolumab; non-small cell lung cancer; renal cell carcinoma