title: An evaluation of UK foundation trainee doctors' learning behaviours in a technology-enhanced learning environment.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Technology-Enhanced Learning (TEL) can be used to educate Foundation Programme trainee (F1 and F2) doctors. Despite the advantages of TEL, learning behaviours may be exhibited that are not desired by system developers or educators. The aim of this evaluation was to investigate how learner behaviours (e.g. time spent on task) were affected by temporal (e.g. time of year), module (e.g. word count), and individual (e.g. knowledge) factors for 16 mandatory TEL modules related to prescribing and therapeutics.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were extracted from the SCRIPT e-Learning platform for first year Foundation trainee (F1) doctors in the Health Education England's West Midland region from 1(st) August 2013 to 5(th) August 2014. Generalised Estimating Equation models were used to examine the relationship between time taken to complete modules, date modules were completed, pre- and post-test scores, and module factors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Over the time period examined, 688 F1 doctors interacted with the 16 compulsory modules 10,255 times. The geometric mean time taken to complete a module was 28.9 min (95% Confidence Interval: 28.4-29.5) and 1,075 (10.5%) modules were completed in less than 10 min. In February and June (prior to F1 progression reviews) peaks occurred in the number of modules completed and troughs in the time taken. Most modules were completed, and the greatest amount of time was spent on the learning on a Sunday. More time was taken by those doctors with greater pre-test scores and those with larger improvements in test scores.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Foundation trainees are exhibiting unintended learning behaviours in this TEL environment, which may be attributed to several factors. These findings can help guide future developments of this TEL programme and the integration of other TEL programmes into curricula by raising awareness of potential behavioural issues that may arise.
authors.affiliation: College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
authors.forename: Hannah L
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Brooks
authors.affiliation: College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
authors.forename: Sarah K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Pontefract
authors.affiliation: University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TH, UK.
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hodson
authors.affiliation: OCB Media Ltd, The Crescent, 27 King Street, Leicester, LE1 6RX, UK.
authors.forename: Nicholas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Blackwell
authors.affiliation: Health Education England's West Midlands team, St Chads Court, 213 Hagley Road, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B16 9RG, UK.
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hughes
authors.affiliation: College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
authors.forename: John F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Marriott
authors.affiliation: College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK. j.j.coleman@bham.ac.uk.|University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TH, UK. j.j.coleman@bham.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Jamie J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Coleman
mesh_terms: D002983:Clinical Competence; D004502:Education, Medical, Continuing; D005582:Foundations; D006801:Humans; D007858:Learning; D008505:Medical Staff, Hospital / Q000523:psychology*; D011380:Programmed Instructions as Topic; D013337:Students, Medical / Q000523:psychology*; D013997:Time Factors; D006113:United Kingdom
keywords: Doctors; Foundation trainees; Learning behaviours; Prescribing; Technology enhanced learning; eLearning