title: Nurses' communication with patients who are mechanically ventilated in intensive care: the Botswana experience.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Communication is an integral part of nursing practice not just only for therapeutic reasons but also for sharing information. Nurses working in intensive care experience challenges when communicating with patients who are mechanically ventilated due to lack of knowledge and skill. These challenges infringe on the patients' rights to receive information and as such they may impact negatively on the patients' outcomes.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study determined the existing knowledge and skills of intensive care nurses working with mechanically ventilated patients in Botswana.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective descriptive and explorative research design with a quantitative approach was used to audit patients' records. This was augmented by further interviewing nurses for their knowledge and skills when communicating with ventilated patients within the two intensive care units in Botswana. The American Association of Critical Nurses Synergy Model was used to guide the study. One hundred and fifty-nine (159) patients' files were audited and 50 nurses chosen by purposive sampling completed a self-administered 42-item questionnaire. Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 10 and Microsoft Excel were used to analyse the data.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Assessment of patients' ability to communicate was recorded in more than 90% of files audited. Four per cent (4%) of the respondents only communicated essential information and no other strategies or devices were used to aid communication.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Communication with ventilated patients can be quite challenging to nurses working in the intensive care unit. There is a need for communication skills training to ensure that all nurses working with mechanically ventilated patients are properly trained, equipped and capable of communicating effectively with the patient.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A greater understanding of communication dynamics with the intensive care unit with patients who are mechanically ventilated is crucial to enable nurses to improve their care and improve patients' comfort. Incorporating communication in the nursing standards would ensure that patients are treated with dignity which would help improve patient outcomes.
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, University of Botswana, Pretoria, South Africa.
authors.forename: K S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Dithole
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Studies, University of South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sibanda
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Studies, University of South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa.
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Moleki
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Studies, University of South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Thupayagale-Tshweneagae
mesh_terms: D001902:Botswana; D003142:Communication; D003422:Critical Care; D064648:Critical Care Nursing; D006801:Humans; D007362:Intensive Care Units; D012121:Respiration, Artificial; D012189:Retrospective Studies
keywords: Botswana; Communication; Intensive Care Units; Mechanical Ventilation; Patients