title: Silibinin and indocyanine green-loaded nanoparticles inhibit the growth and metastasis of mammalian breast cancer cells in vitro.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To improve the therapeutic efficacy of cancer treatments, combinational therapies based on nanosized drug delivery system (NDDS) has been developed recently. In this study we designed a new NDDS loaded with an anti-metastatic drug silibinin and a photothermal agent indocyanine green (ICG), and investigated its effects on the growth and metastasis of breast cancer cells in vitro.
  
  
  METHODS
  Silibinin and ICG were self-assembled into PCL lipid nanoparticles (SIPNs). Their physical characteristics including the particle size, zeta potential, morphology and in vitro drug release were examined. 4T1 mammalian breast cancer cells were used to evaluate their cellular internalization, cytotoxicity, and their influences on wound healing, in vitro cell migration and invasion.
  
  
  RESULTS
  SIPNs showed a well-defined spherical shape with averaged size of 126.3±0.4 nm and zeta potential of -10.3±0.2 mV. NIR laser irradiation substantially increased the in vitro release of silibinin from the SIPNs (58.3% at the first 8 h, and 97.8% for the total release). Furthermore, NIR laser irradiation markedly increased the uptake of SIPNs into 4T1 cells. Under the NIR laser irradiation, both SIPNs and IPNs (PCL lipid nanoparticles loaded with ICG alone) caused dose-dependent ablation of 4T1 cells. The wound healing, migration and invasion experiments showed that SIPNs exposed to NIR laser irradiation exhibited dramatic in vitro anti-metastasis effects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  SIPNs show temperature-sensitive drug release following NIR laser irradiation, which can inhibit the growth and metastasis of breast cancer cells in vitro.
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China.|State Key Laboratory of Drug Research & Center of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China.
authors.forename: Hui-Ping
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China.
authors.forename: Jing-Han
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Su
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China.
authors.forename: Qing-Shuo
authors.initials: QS
authors.lastname: Meng
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China.
authors.forename: Qi
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China.
authors.forename: Zhi-Wen
authors.initials: ZW
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China.
authors.forename: Hai-Jun
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China.
authors.forename: Peng-Cheng
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China.
authors.forename: Si-Ling
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Drug Research & Center of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China.
authors.forename: Ya-Ping
authors.initials: YP
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D065546:Drug Liberation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007208:Indocyanine Green / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000528:radiation effects; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology*; D010316:Particle Size; D000077385:Silybin; D012838:Silymarin / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D012838:Silymarin; D000077385:Silybin; D007208:Indocyanine Green