title: Physical Activity Level of Post-menopausal Women with Low Bone Mineral Density.
abstract: Introduction Proper physical activity is related to the prevention and the treatment of osteoporosis. Purpose To assess the level of physical activity (PA) in post-menopausal women with low bone mineral density (BMD). Methods This cross-sectional clinical study included 123 post-menopausal women. The inclusion criteria were: age of ≥ 45 years with last menses at least 12 months prior to the initiation of the study, and bone density scan (BDS) values measured over the preceding 12 months. Women with severe osteoarthritis were excluded. Women were allocated into three groups, according to BMD measured by BDS [osteoporosis (OP; 54 women), osteopenia (35 women), and normal bone density (NBD; 35 women)], and compared for general, clinical, and anthropometric data, and for PA level. The latter was assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), in metabolic equivalent of task (MET) units. Participants were classified as sedentary, active or very active. Quantitative variables were compared using ANOVA followed by Tukey's test. Associations between qualitative variables were tested by Chi-square (χ2) or Fisher's exact test. In order to check for differences among groups and IPAQ domains, a generalized linear model with Gamma distribution was adjusted for values in METs. Results The OP group differed from the NBD group regarding age (61.8 ± 10.1 and 52.9 ± 5.4 years), percentage of participants with self-declared white ethnicity (43.9 and 28.0%), body mass index (BMI - 25.7 ± 5.4 and 30.9 ± 5.1 kg/m(2)), and time since menopause (15.5 ± 7.5 and 5.8 ± 4.5 years). Smoking rates were higher in the OP (55.6%) and NBD groups (33.3%) than in the osteopenia group (11.1%). Within the OP group, the rate of subjects with sedentary lifestyles was higher (42.6%), and time spent sitting was greater (344.3 ± 204.8 METs) than in the groups with osteopenia (20.0% and 300.9 ± 230.6 METs) and NBD (17.7% and 303.2 ± 187.9 METs). Conclusions The rate of sedentary lifestyles was higher in post-menopausal women with OP than in those with either osteopenia or NBD. In order to change this physical inactivity profile, strategies should be created to address this group of patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Education, Faculdade de Educação Física de Barra Bonita (Faefi), Barra Bonita, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Glauber
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Dallanezi
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, Universidade Estadual Paulista - Unesp, Botucatu, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Beatriz Funayama Alvarenga
authors.initials: BF
authors.lastname: Freire
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, Universidade Estadual Paulista - Unesp, Botucatu, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Eliana Aguiar Petri
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Nahás
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, Universidade Estadual Paulista - Unesp, Botucatu, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Jorge
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nahás-Neto
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista - Unesp, Botucatu, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: José Eduardo
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Corrente
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, Universidade Estadual Paulista - Unesp, Botucatu, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Gláucia Maria Ferreira da Silva
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Mazeto
mesh_terms: D015519:Bone Density; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D015444:Exercise; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D017698:Postmenopause