title: Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA): Normative data for old and very old Czech adults.
abstract: The principal aim of our study was to present norms for old and very old Czech adults on the Czech version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and investigate the influence of social and demographic factors on MoCA performance. We analyzed 540 adults aged ≥ 60 years (5-year age categories; nationally representative sample in terms of sex and educational level), who met strict inclusion criteria for the absence of neurodegenerative disorders and performed within normal range in neuropsychological assessment. Using multiple regression model, we found that MoCA performance was affected by age and education (both p < .001) but not sex. The study provides normed percentile estimates for MoCA performance stratified by age (60-74 years; ≥ 75 years) and education lower versus higher. We also present percentile equivalents for the MoCA and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) for use in clinical practice. We found age- and education-related effects on MoCA performance which support the use of culturally adapted normative data.
authors.affiliation: a National Institute of Mental Health , Klecany , Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Miloslav
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kopecek
authors.affiliation: a National Institute of Mental Health , Klecany , Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Hana
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Stepankova
authors.affiliation: a National Institute of Mental Health , Klecany , Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Jiri
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lukavsky
authors.affiliation: a National Institute of Mental Health , Klecany , Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Daniela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ripova
authors.affiliation: b Department of Neurology and Centre of Clinical Neuroscience, First Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital in Prague , Charles University in Prague , Prague , Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Tomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nikolai
authors.affiliation: a National Institute of Mental Health , Klecany , Czech Republic.|b Department of Neurology and Centre of Clinical Neuroscience, First Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital in Prague , Charles University in Prague , Prague , Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Ondrej
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Bezdicek
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000375:Aging / Q000523:psychology*; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D003071:Cognition / Q000502:physiology*; D018153:Czech Republic; D005260:Female; D015577:Geriatric Assessment; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008609:Mental Status Schedule; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D012016:Reference Values
keywords: Ageing; Mini-Mental State Examination; Montreal Cognitive Assessment; cognition; normative data; screening