title: Investigation of plasma induced electrical and chemical factors and their contribution processes to plasma gene transfection.
abstract: This study has been done to know what kind of factors in plasmas and processes on cells induce plasma gene transfection. We evaluated the contribution weight of three groups of the effects and processes, i.e. electrical, chemical and biochemical ones, inducing gene transfection. First, the laser produced plasma (LPP) was employed to estimate the contribution of the chemical factors. Second, liposomes were fabricated and employed to evaluate the effects of plasma irradiation on membrane under the condition without biochemical reaction. Third, the clathrin-dependent endocytosis, one of the biochemical processes was suppressed. It becomes clear that chemical factors (radicals and reactive oxygen/nitrogen species) do not work by itself alone and electrical factors (electrical current, charge and field) are essential to plasma gene transfection. It turned out the clathrin-dependent endocytosis is the process of the transfection against the 60% in all the transfected cells. The endocytosis and electrical poration are dominant in plasma gene transfection, and neither permeation through ion channels nor chemical poration is dominant processes. The simultaneous achievement of high transfection efficiency and high cell survivability is attributed to the optimization of the contribution weight among three groups of processes by controlling the weight of electrical and chemical factors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Ehime University, 3 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, 790-8577, Japan. Electronic address: mjin@mayu.ee.ehime-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Masafumi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jinno
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Ehime University, 3 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, 790-8577, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshihisa
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ikeda
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Ehime University, 3 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, 790-8577, Japan.
authors.forename: Hideki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Motomura
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Ehime University, 3 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, 790-8577, Japan; Pearl Kogyo Co., Ltd., 3-8-13 Minami-Kagaya, Suminoe, Osaka, 559-0015, Japan.
authors.forename: Yugo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kido
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Ehime University, 3 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, 790-8577, Japan; Y's Corp., 2-31-17 Minamino, Tama, Tokyo, 206-0032, Japan.
authors.forename: Susumu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Satoh
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival; D002966:Clathrin / Q000737:chemistry*; D004563:Electrochemistry; D004705:Endocytosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000166:cytology; D008081:Liposomes / Q000737:chemistry*; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D051379:Mice; D058626:Plasma Gases / Q000737:chemistry*; D026361:Reactive Nitrogen Species / Q000737:chemistry; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000737:chemistry; D014162:Transfection / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D002966:Clathrin; D008081:Liposomes; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D058626:Plasma Gases; D026361:Reactive Nitrogen Species; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species
keywords: Endocytosis; Membrane permeation; Membrane poration; Plasma gene transfection; Plasma medicine; Synergy effect