title: Genetic diversity of Streptococcus suis serotype 2 isolated from pigs in Brazil.
abstract: Streptococcus suis is an emerging zoonotic pathogen that causes septicemia, meningitis, arthritis, and pneumonia in swine and humans. The present study aimed to characterize the genetic diversity of S. suis serotype 2 isolated from pigs showing signs of illness in Brazil using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), single-enzyme amplified fragment length polymorphism (SE-AFLP), and profiling of virulence-associated markers. A total of 110 isolates were studied, 62.7% of which were isolated from the central nervous system and 19.1% from the respiratory tract. Eight genotypes were obtained from the combination of virulence genes, with 43.6% and 5.5% frequencies for the mrp (+) /epf (+) /sly (+) and mrp (-) /epf (-) /sly (-) genotypes, respectively. The presence of isolates with epf gene variation with higher molecular weight also appears to be a characteristic of Brazilian S. suis serotype 2. The PFGE and SE-AFLP were able to type all isolates and, although they presented a slight tendency to cluster according to state and year of isolation, it was also evident the grouping of different herds in the same PFGE subtype and the existence of isolates originated from the same herd classified into distinct subtypes. No further correlation between the isolation sites and mrp/epf/sly genotypes was observed.
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Sanidade Suína e Virologia, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia (Sabatini Doto, Zanolli Moreno, Ferraro Calderaro, Cabrera Matajira, de Moura Gomes, Porfida Ferreira, Mesquita, Micke Moreno); Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil (Timenetsky); Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Québec (Gottschalk).
authors.forename: Daniela Sabatini
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Doto
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Sanidade Suína e Virologia, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia (Sabatini Doto, Zanolli Moreno, Ferraro Calderaro, Cabrera Matajira, de Moura Gomes, Porfida Ferreira, Mesquita, Micke Moreno); Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil (Timenetsky); Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Québec (Gottschalk).
authors.forename: Luisa Zanolli
authors.initials: LZ
authors.lastname: Moreno
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Sanidade Suína e Virologia, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia (Sabatini Doto, Zanolli Moreno, Ferraro Calderaro, Cabrera Matajira, de Moura Gomes, Porfida Ferreira, Mesquita, Micke Moreno); Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil (Timenetsky); Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Québec (Gottschalk).
authors.forename: Franco Ferraro
authors.initials: FF
authors.lastname: Calderaro
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Sanidade Suína e Virologia, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia (Sabatini Doto, Zanolli Moreno, Ferraro Calderaro, Cabrera Matajira, de Moura Gomes, Porfida Ferreira, Mesquita, Micke Moreno); Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil (Timenetsky); Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Québec (Gottschalk).
authors.forename: Carlos Emilio Cabrera
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Matajira
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Sanidade Suína e Virologia, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia (Sabatini Doto, Zanolli Moreno, Ferraro Calderaro, Cabrera Matajira, de Moura Gomes, Porfida Ferreira, Mesquita, Micke Moreno); Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil (Timenetsky); Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Québec (Gottschalk).
authors.forename: Vasco Tulio
authors.initials: VT
authors.lastname: de Moura Gomes
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Sanidade Suína e Virologia, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia (Sabatini Doto, Zanolli Moreno, Ferraro Calderaro, Cabrera Matajira, de Moura Gomes, Porfida Ferreira, Mesquita, Micke Moreno); Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil (Timenetsky); Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Québec (Gottschalk).
authors.forename: Thais Sebastiana Porfida
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Ferreira
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Sanidade Suína e Virologia, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia (Sabatini Doto, Zanolli Moreno, Ferraro Calderaro, Cabrera Matajira, de Moura Gomes, Porfida Ferreira, Mesquita, Micke Moreno); Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil (Timenetsky); Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Québec (Gottschalk).
authors.forename: Renan Elias
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Mesquita
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Sanidade Suína e Virologia, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia (Sabatini Doto, Zanolli Moreno, Ferraro Calderaro, Cabrera Matajira, de Moura Gomes, Porfida Ferreira, Mesquita, Micke Moreno); Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil (Timenetsky); Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Québec (Gottschalk).
authors.forename: Jorge
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Timenetsky
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Sanidade Suína e Virologia, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia (Sabatini Doto, Zanolli Moreno, Ferraro Calderaro, Cabrera Matajira, de Moura Gomes, Porfida Ferreira, Mesquita, Micke Moreno); Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil (Timenetsky); Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Québec (Gottschalk).
authors.forename: Marcelo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gottschalk
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Sanidade Suína e Virologia, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia (Sabatini Doto, Zanolli Moreno, Ferraro Calderaro, Cabrera Matajira, de Moura Gomes, Porfida Ferreira, Mesquita, Micke Moreno); Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil (Timenetsky); Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Québec (Gottschalk).
authors.forename: Andrea Micke
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Moreno
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001938:Brazil; D005819:Genetic Markers; D014644:Genetic Variation; D065288:Serogroup; D013290:Streptococcal Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D017011:Streptococcus suis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000472:pathogenicity; D013552:Swine; D013553:Swine Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology*; D059467:Transcriptome; D014774:Virulence
chemical_list: D005819:Genetic Markers