title: Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Symptomatic Children With Hereditary Multiple Exostoses of the Hip.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is useful in evaluating nontraumatic hip pain. It provides information about associated injuries like labral/chondral tears or ischiofemoral impingement (IFI). However, in hereditary multiple exostoses (HME) there has been no report about MRI findings in symptomatic children with hip involvement.
  
  
  METHODS
  Records of children with HME and hip osteochondromas, who had hip MRI/magnetic resonance arthrography, were reviewed. The presence of chondral lesions and labral tears, as well the presence of IFI, was recorded. IFI was defined as edema or fatty replacement/atrophy in the quadratus femoris muscle or decrease of the space for this muscle between the ischium and the proximal femur. The measurements used to determine the space included the ischiofemoral space, the quadratus femoris space, and the minimum ischiofemoral space (MIFS). All measurements were performed on axial T1-weighted images.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ten children were included (4 males, 6 females). In 2 patients, MRI was unilateral, therefore a total of 18 hips were analyzed. The indication for MRI was hip pain. Mean age, when MRI was performed, was 11.7 years. Labral tears were found in 44% (8/18) and chondral lesions in 33% (6/18) of the hips. The mean ischiofemoral space was 17.2 mm (SD, 7.3), the mean quadratus femoris space was 14.9 mm (SD, 5.3), and the mean MIFS was of 12.8 mm (SD, 5.9). IFI was seen in 44% (8/18) of hips. Two patients had bilateral IFI. MIFS was <10 mm in all hips with IFI (8/8). Of these hips, 88% (7/8) had edema of the quadratus femoris muscle and 38% (3/8) had fatty replacement/atrophy in the muscle. Osteochondromas were seen in the lesser trochanter in all hips with IFI (8/8) and in the ischium in 50% of them (4/8).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In symptomatic children with HME of the hip, MRI is helpful in detecting the source of pain. A high percentage of these children have IFI and intra-articular lesions. These findings can play an important role in the indication and planning of the surgical approach.
  
  
  METHODS
  Level IV-diagnostic study.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedics, Nemours/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE.
authors.forename: Maria D P
authors.initials: MDP
authors.lastname: Duque Orozco
authors.forename: Oussama
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Abousamra
authors.forename: Kenneth J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Rogers
authors.forename: Mihir M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Thacker
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D018771:Arthralgia / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology; D001859:Bone Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D002648:Child; D005097:Exostoses, Multiple Hereditary / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D005269:Femur / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D006621:Hip Joint / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D007512:Ischium; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D015831:Osteochondroma / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D012189:Retrospective Studies