title: Sex Differences in Renal Proximal Tubular Cell Homeostasis.
abstract: Studies in human patients and animals have revealed sex-specific differences in susceptibility to renal diseases. Because actions of female sex hormones on normal renal tissue might protect against damage, we searched for potential influences of the female hormone cycle on basic renal functions by studying excretion of urinary marker proteins in healthy human probands. We collected second morning spot urine samples of unmedicated naturally ovulating women, postmenopausal women, and men daily and determined urinary excretion of the renal tubular enzymes fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase and glutathione-S-transferase-α Additionally, we quantified urinary excretion of blood plasma proteins α1-microglobulin, albumin, and IgG. Naturally cycling women showed prominent peaks in the temporal pattern of urinary fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase and glutathione-S-transferase-α release exclusively within 7 days after ovulation or onset of menses. In contrast, postmenopausal women and men showed consistently low levels of urinary fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase excretion over comparable periods. We did not detect changes in urinary α1-microglobulin, albumin, or IgG excretion. Results of this study indicate that proximal tubular tissue architecture, representing a nonreproductive organ-derived epithelium, undergoes periodical adaptations phased by the female reproductive hormone cycle. The temporally delimited higher rate of enzymuria in ovulating women might be a sign of recurring increases of tubular cell turnover that potentially provide enhanced repair capacity and thus, higher resistance to renal damage.
authors.affiliation: Department of Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology and.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Seppi
authors.affiliation: Division of Physiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
authors.forename: Sinikka
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Prajczer
authors.affiliation: Division of Physiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
authors.forename: Maria-Magdalena
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Dörler
authors.affiliation: Division of Physiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
authors.forename: Oliver
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Eiter
authors.affiliation: Department of Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology and.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hekl
authors.affiliation: Department of Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology and.
authors.forename: Meinhard
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nevinny-Stickel
authors.affiliation: Department of Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology and.
authors.forename: Iraida
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Skvortsova
authors.affiliation: Division of Physiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
authors.forename: Gerhard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gstraunthaler
authors.affiliation: Department of Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology and.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lukas
authors.affiliation: Division of Physiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria Judith.Lechner@i-med.ac.at.
authors.forename: Judith
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lechner
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006597:Fructose-Bisphosphatase / Q000652:urine*; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000652:urine*; D006706:Homeostasis; D006801:Humans; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000652:urine*; D007687:Kidney Tubules, Proximal / Q000166:cytology*; D008297:Male; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D007527:Isoenzymes; D005982:Glutathione Transferase; C119995:glutathione S-transferase alpha; D006597:Fructose-Bisphosphatase
keywords: nonreproductive functions, urinary marker proteins, Fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase, menstrual cycle; renal proximal tubule cell, sex and gender difference, sex hormones