title: Meta-analysis of breast cancer mortality benefit and overdiagnosis adjusted for adherence: improving information on the effects of attending screening mammography.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Women require information about the impact of regularly attending screening mammography on breast cancer mortality and overdiagnosis to make informed decisions. To provide this information we aimed to meta-analyse randomised controlled trials adjusted for adherence to the trial protocol.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nine screening mammography trials used in the Independent UK Breast Screening Report were selected. Extending an existing approach to adjust intention-to-treat (ITT) estimates for less than 100% adherence rates, we conducted a random-effects meta-analysis. This produced a combined deattenuated prevented fraction and a combined deattenuated percentage risk of overdiagnosis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In women aged 39-75 years invited to screen, the prevented fraction of breast cancer mortality at 13-year follow-up was 0.22 (95% CI 0.15-0.28) and it increased to 0.30 (95% CI 0.18-0.42) with deattenuation. In women aged 40-69 years invited to screen, the ITT percentage risk of overdiagnosis during the screening period was 19.0% (95% CI 15.2-22.7%), deattenuation increased this to 29.7% (95% CI 17.8-41.5%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Adjustment for nonadherence increased the size of the mortality benefit and risk of overdiagnosis by up to 50%. These estimates are more appropriate when developing quantitative information to support individual decisions about attending screening mammography.
authors.affiliation: Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Edward Ford Building (A27), Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
authors.forename: Gemma
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Jacklyn
authors.affiliation: Centre for Research in Evidence Based Practice, Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, QLD 4229, Australia.|Screening & Test Evaluation Program (STEP), Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Edward Ford Building (A27), Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Glasziou
authors.affiliation: Screening & Test Evaluation Program (STEP), Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Edward Ford Building (A27), Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
authors.forename: Petra
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Macaskill
authors.affiliation: Centre for Medical Psychology & Evidence-based Decision-making (CeMPED), Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Edward Ford Building (A27), Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
authors.forename: Alexandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Barratt
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000401:mortality*; D002170:Canada / Q000453:epidemiology; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D055088:Early Detection of Cancer / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008327:Mammography / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D000069342:Medical Overuse; D008875:Middle Aged; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D009026:Mortality / Q000639:trends; D015337:Multicenter Studies as Topic; D010349:Patient Compliance; D018570:Risk Assessment; D013548:Sweden / Q000453:epidemiology; D006113:United Kingdom / Q000453:epidemiology