title: Too-long calcaneal process: Results of surgical treatment and prognostic factors.
abstract: The too-long anterior process (TLAP) can be responsible for ankle pain or repeated sprains in children or adolescents. The objective of this study was to assess the results of TLAP surgical treatment and to analyze influencing factors in case of this surgery's failure.
  
  
  
  Retrospective single-center study conducted from 2009 to 2012 including all patients under 18 years of age for a TLAP with follow-up equal to or longer than 1 year. The results of surgical treatment were assessed using the AOFAS score. Failure was defined as no significant improvement in the AOFAS score at the last follow-up.
  
  
  
  Predictive factors of the result of surgical treatment for TLAP can be identified.
  
  
  
  At the mean follow-up of 2.5 years, 35 patients (43 feet) fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Thirteen feet (30%) presented surgical failure. According to the AOFAS score, the results were excellent in 30 feet (70%), good in four (9%), fair in five (12%), and poor in four (9%). Surgical failure was influenced by the patient's age at the onset of symptoms and at the time of surgery, the degree of functional limitation, the duration of symptoms before surgery, the number of sprains, and gender (P<0.05).
  
  
  
  Firstly, in this pediatric population with its high functional demand, the overall rate of failure of TLAP surgery was 30%. Secondly, the factors associated with failure demonstrated made it possible to identify the ideal patient for this surgery: male, with symptom onset between 7 and 10 years of age, who had experienced fewer than 15 sprains, and undergone surgery in the 3 years following the beginning of symptoms.
  
  
  
  IV.
authors.affiliation: Service d'orthopédie pédiatrique, Hôpitaux pédiatriques de Nice CHU-Lenval, 57, avenue de la Californie, 06000 Nice, France.
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Rosello
authors.affiliation: Service d'orthopédie pédiatrique, Hôpitaux pédiatriques de Nice CHU-Lenval, 57, avenue de la Californie, 06000 Nice, France.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Solla
authors.affiliation: Service d'orthopédie pédiatrique, Hôpitaux pédiatriques de Nice CHU-Lenval, 57, avenue de la Californie, 06000 Nice, France.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Oborocianu
authors.affiliation: Service d'orthopédie pédiatrique, Hôpitaux pédiatriques de Nice CHU-Lenval, 57, avenue de la Californie, 06000 Nice, France; Institut Monégasque de Médecine du Sport, 11, avenue d'Ostende, 98000 Monaco, France.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Chau
authors.affiliation: Service d'orthopédie pédiatrique, Hôpitaux pédiatriques de Nice CHU-Lenval, 57, avenue de la Californie, 06000 Nice, France.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Yagoubi
authors.affiliation: Service d'orthopédie pédiatrique, Hôpitaux pédiatriques de Nice CHU-Lenval, 57, avenue de la Californie, 06000 Nice, France.
authors.forename: J-L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Clément
authors.affiliation: Service d'orthopédie pédiatrique, Hôpitaux pédiatriques de Nice CHU-Lenval, 57, avenue de la Californie, 06000 Nice, France. Electronic address: rocher-rampal.v@pediatrie-chulenval-nice.fr.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Rampal
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000367:Age Factors; D002111:Calcaneus / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012737:Sex Factors; D013180:Sprains and Strains / Q000209:etiology
keywords: Calcaneus; Prognostic factors; Surgical resection; Too-long anterior process