title: Bilateral complete duplication of the ureters, with calculi simultaneously obstructing the four ureters.
abstract: Bilateral complete duplication of the ureters is a rare condition. We report a case of an adult male patient with bilateral complete duplication of the ureters, with a single stone simultaneously obstructing each of the four ureteral limbs. Multiple bilateral renal stones were awlso demonstrated in the imaging studies. The ureteral stones ranged from 7 to 23 mm in length and 5-11 mm in width. Ureteroscopy and holmium laser lithotripsy for the ureteral stones were done sequentially in the four ureteral limbs, in a single session. Four double-J stents were inserted after removal of all ureteric stones, one in each ureter. The patient passed uneventful postoperative course. The patient has received extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy sessions for the bilateral renal stones. The double-J stents were removed under local anesthesia after clearance of all stones. To the best of our knowledge, there are no data in the literature representing an identical case.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Ahmed Jalal
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Alsayyad
keywords: Calculus; duplication; ureter; ureteroscopy