title: Pregnancy outcome following frozen embryo transfer after artificial cycle or treatment by clomiphene citrate.
abstract: The optimal method to prepare endometrium before frozen embryo transfer (FET) is not yet established. We retrospectively studied 4496 FET and detailed pregnancy and miscarriage rates in three groups of patients according to the endometrium preparation they have followed before their successive FET: clomifene citrate (CC, group 1), artificial cycle (AC, group 2) or switch between CC and AC (group 3). The overall pregnancy rates per transfer were 24.3, 20.8 and 17.3% while the miscarriage rates reached 23.2, 29.8 and 42.5%, respectively. Group 1 experienced the highest ongoing pregnancy rate (18.6%), the lowest being observed in group 3 (10.0%, p < 0.001). Here we propose several alternatives to improve our AC protocol (group 2) that seemed less effective than CC (group 1) and we consider the use of a gonadotrophin-stimulated treatment for patients with the lowest reproductive outcomes (group 3).
authors.affiliation: a Centre de Procréation Médicalement Assistée (CPMA), University of Liège , Liège , Belgium and.
authors.forename: Caroline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Jouan
authors.affiliation: a Centre de Procréation Médicalement Assistée (CPMA), University of Liège , Liège , Belgium and.
authors.forename: Violaine
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Emonard
authors.affiliation: a Centre de Procréation Médicalement Assistée (CPMA), University of Liège , Liège , Belgium and.
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ruggeri
authors.affiliation: b Laboratoire Signalisation et Récepteurs Matriciels (SiRMa) , UMR CNRS 7369 MEDyC, University of Reims Champagne Ardenne, Reims , France.
authors.forename: Laurent
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Debelle
authors.affiliation: a Centre de Procréation Médicalement Assistée (CPMA), University of Liège , Liège , Belgium and.
authors.forename: Nadine
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hincourt
authors.affiliation: a Centre de Procréation Médicalement Assistée (CPMA), University of Liège , Liège , Belgium and.
authors.forename: Sophie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lorquet
authors.affiliation: a Centre de Procréation Médicalement Assistée (CPMA), University of Liège , Liège , Belgium and.
authors.forename: Valérie
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Dechenne
authors.affiliation: a Centre de Procréation Médicalement Assistée (CPMA), University of Liège , Liège , Belgium and.
authors.forename: Caroline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Giner
authors.affiliation: a Centre de Procréation Médicalement Assistée (CPMA), University of Liège , Liège , Belgium and.
authors.forename: Michel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dubois
authors.affiliation: a Centre de Procréation Médicalement Assistée (CPMA), University of Liège , Liège , Belgium and.
authors.forename: Sophie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Perrier d'Hauterive
authors.affiliation: a Centre de Procréation Médicalement Assistée (CPMA), University of Liège , Liège , Belgium and.
authors.forename: Michelle
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nisolle
mesh_terms: D000022:Abortion, Spontaneous / Q000453:epidemiology*; D000328:Adult; D002996:Clomiphene / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015925:Cryopreservation / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D004624:Embryo Transfer / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D005300:Fertility Agents, Female / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D005300:Fertility Agents, Female; D002996:Clomiphene
keywords: Assisted reproductive technology; clomiphene citrate introduction; endometrium; frozen embryo transfer; hormone replacement therapy