title: The effect of polar auxin transport on adventitious branches formation in Gracilaria lichenoides in vitro.
abstract: Seaweed tissue culture (STC) is an important micropropagation tool that has been applied for strain improvement, micropropagation and genetic engineering. Because the mechanisms associated with STC are poorly understood, its application to these organisms lags far behind that of tissue culture propagation of higher plants. Auxin, calcium (Ca2+) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) fluxes all play key roles during plant growth and development. In this study, we therefore measured indole-3-acetic acid, Ca2+and H2O2fluxes of Gracilaria lichenoides explants during adventitious branches (ABs) formation for the first time using noninvasive micro-test technology. We confirmed that polar auxin transport (PAT) also occurs in the marine red alga G. lichenoides. We additionally found that N-1-naphthylphthalamic acid may suppress auxin efflux via ABCB1 transporters and then inhibit ABs formation from the apical region of G. lichenoides segments. The involvement of Ca2+and H2O2fluxes in PAT-mediated AB formation in G. lichenoides was also investigated. We propose that complex feedback among Ca2+, H2O2and auxin signaling and response systems may occur during ABs polar formation in G. lichenoides explants, similar to that in higher plants. Our results provide innovative insights that should aid future elucidation of mechanisms operative during STC.
authors.affiliation: Engineering Research Center of Marine Biological Resource Comprehensive Utilization, Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Xiamen, 361005, China.|Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China.
authors.forename: Wenlei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Engineering Research Center of Marine Biological Resource Comprehensive Utilization, Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Xiamen, 361005, China.|College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China.
authors.forename: Huanqin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Engineering Research Center of Marine Biological Resource Comprehensive Utilization, Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Xiamen, 361005, China.
authors.forename: Xiangzhi
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Engineering Research Center of Marine Biological Resource Comprehensive Utilization, Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Xiamen, 361005, China.
authors.forename: Fang
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China. fbs@xmu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Baishan
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.affiliation: Engineering Research Center of Marine Biological Resource Comprehensive Utilization, Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Xiamen, 361005, China. wang@tio.org.cn.
authors.forename: Zhaokai
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D044724:Gracilaria / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000502:physiology; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000378:metabolism; D007210:Indoleacetic Acids / Q000378:metabolism*; D055616:Microtechnology; D046509:Tissue Culture Techniques
chemical_list: D007210:Indoleacetic Acids; C030737:indoleacetic acid; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D002118:Calcium