title: Lactic acid polarizes macrophages to a tumor-promoting state.
abstract: Tumor-associated macrophages have been associated with a poor prognosis in most types of tumors. However, tumor-derived signals that activate macrophages have not been well defined. We review our recent finding that tumor-derived lactic acid is necessary and sufficient to polarize tumor-associated macrophages to a tumor-promoting state.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Dermatology and Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine; New Haven, CT, USA; Yale-New Haven Transplantation Center, Yale University School of Medicine; New Haven, CT, USA; Yale Cancer Center, Yale University School of Medicine; New Haven, CT, USA.
authors.forename: Oscar R
authors.initials: OR
authors.lastname: Colegio