title: Determination of Pb(II) by sequential injection/stripping analysis at all-plastic electrochemical fluidic cells with integrated composite electrodes.
abstract: This work reports the development of a sequential injection/stripping analysis method for the determination of trace Pb(II) at injection-moulded electrochemical fluidic cells. Conducting carbon fibre-loaded polystyrene electrodes were integrated within the plastic cells. The flow-through cells were incorporated into a home-made sequential injection analysis (SIA) manifold. Different experimental parameters for the detection of Pb(II) were investigated including the type and concentration of the supporting electrolyte, the conditions of the stripping step, the volume of the sample, the flow rate and the accumulation potential. The LOD for Pb(II) was 0.5μgL(-1), the within-cell % relative standard deviation (n=8) was 3.1% and the between-cell % relative standard deviation (n=5) was 8.9% for 25μgL(-1) Pb(II). The cells were applied to the determination of Pb(II) in tapwater and a phosphate fertilizer sample.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Athens, Athens 157 71, Greece.
authors.forename: Christos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kokkinos
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Athens, Athens 157 71, Greece. Electronic address: aeconomo@chem.uoa.gr.
authors.forename: Anastasios
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Economou
authors.affiliation: School of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK.
authors.forename: Nicholas G
authors.initials: NG
authors.lastname: Goddard
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YB, UK.
authors.forename: Peter R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Fielden
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YB, UK.
authors.forename: Sara J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Baldock
keywords: Conductive electrode; Injection moulding; Pb(II); Sequential injection; Stripping analysis