title: Effect of soil biochar concentration on the mitigation of emerging organic contaminant uptake in lettuce.
abstract: Although crop uptake of emerging organic contaminants (EOC) from irrigation water and soils has been previously reported, successful mitigation strategies have not yet been established. In this study, soil was amended with a wood-based biochar (BC) at two rates (0, 2.5 and 5% w/w) to evaluate the effect on mitigation of EOC uptake (i.e. bisphenol A, caffeine, carbamazepine, clofibric acid, furosemide, ibuprofen, methyl dihydrojasmonate, tris(2-chloroethyl)phosphate, triclosan, and tonalide) in lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.). After 28 days of irrigation with water containing EOCs at 15μgL-1, the average EOC concentration in roots and leaves decreased by 20-76% in biochar amended soil relative to non BC-amended soil. In addition, the enantiomeric fractions (EF) of ibuprofen (IBU) in biochar amended soils (EF=0.58) and unamended soils (EF=0.76) suggest that the IBU sorbed fraction in BC is more recalcitrant to its biodegradation.
authors.affiliation: Environmental Chemistry Department, IDAEA-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-26, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hurtado
authors.affiliation: Department of Agri-Food Engineering and Biotechnology DEAB-UPC, Esteve Terrades 8, Building 4, E-08860 Castelldefels, Spain.
authors.forename: Núria
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Cañameras
authors.affiliation: Environmental Chemistry Department, IDAEA-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-26, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Carmen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Domínguez
authors.affiliation: Environmental Chemistry Department, IDAEA-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-26, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain; Department of Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, P.O. Box 550, Bible Hill, Nova Scotia, Canada.
authors.forename: Gordon W
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Price
authors.affiliation: Department of Agri-Food Engineering and Biotechnology DEAB-UPC, Esteve Terrades 8, Building 4, E-08860 Castelldefels, Spain.
authors.forename: Jordi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Comas
authors.affiliation: Environmental Chemistry Department, IDAEA-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-26, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain. Electronic address: josep.bayona@idaea.csic.es.
authors.forename: Josep M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Bayona
mesh_terms: D057914:Agricultural Irrigation; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D002606:Charcoal / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry*; D004350:Drug Residues / Q000032:analysis; D052918:Environmental Restoration and Remediation; D018545:Lactuca / Q000378:metabolism*; D009930:Organic Chemicals / Q000032:analysis; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry*; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D009930:Organic Chemicals; D012987:Soil; D012989:Soil Pollutants; C540010:biochar; D002606:Charcoal
keywords: Biochar; Biodegradation; Emerging organic contaminant; Plant uptake; Soil