title: Development of enzyme technology for Aspergillus oryzae, A. sojae, and A. luchuensis, the national microorganisms of Japan.
abstract: This paper describes the modern enzymology in Japanese bioindustries. The invention of Takadiastase by Jokiti Takamine in 1894 has revolutionized the world of industrial enzyme production by fermentation. In 1949, a new γ-amylase (glucan 1,4-α-glucosidase, EC 3.2.1.3) from A. luchuensis (formerly designated as A. awamori), was found by Kitahara. RNase T1 (guanyloribonuclease, EC 3.1.27.3) was discovered by Sato and Egami. Ando discovered Aspergillus nuclease S1 (single-stranded nucleate endonuclease, EC 3.1.30.1). Aspergillopepsin I (EC 3.4.23.18) from A. tubingensis (formerly designated as A. saitoi) activates trypsinogen to trypsin. Shintani et al. demonstrated Asp76 of aspergillopepsin I as the binding site for the basic substrate, trypsinogen. The new oligosaccharide moieties Man10GlcNAc2 and Man11GlcNAc2 were identified with α-1,2-mannosidase (EC 3.2.1.113) from A. tubingensis. A yeast mutant compatible of producing Man5GlcNAc2 human compatible sugar chains on glycoproteins was constructed. The acid activation of protyrosinase from A. oryzae at pH 3.0 was resolved. The hyper-protein production system of glucoamylase was established in a submerged culture.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Applied Biological Chemistry , Tohoku University , Sendai , Japan.|b Department of Agricultural Chemistry , Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology , Tokyo , Japan.
authors.forename: Eiji
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ichishima
mesh_terms: D016282:Aspartic Acid Endopeptidases / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism; D001236:Aspergillus oryzae / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000378:metabolism; D001709:Biotechnology; D005285:Fermentation; D005656:Fungal Proteins / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism; D005087:Glucan 1,4-alpha-Glucosidase / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D006163:Ribonuclease T1 / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism; D015719:Single-Strand Specific DNA and RNA Endonucleases / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism; D014362:Trypsinogen / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D005656:Fungal Proteins; D014362:Trypsinogen; D006163:Ribonuclease T1; C526098:Endonuclease S1, Aspergillus; D015719:Single-Strand Specific DNA and RNA Endonucleases; D005087:Glucan 1,4-alpha-Glucosidase; D016282:Aspartic Acid Endopeptidases; C029094:aspergillopepsin I
keywords: Aspergillus luchuensis; Aspergillus oryzae; Aspergillus sojae; Aspergillus tubingensis; national fungi