title: Initial peptidomic profiling of Brazilian sea urchins: Arbacia lixula, Lytechinus variegatus and Echinometra lucunter.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Sea urchins can be found throughout the Brazilian coast and are reported to be one of the major causes of marine accidents on the shoreline. Although not lethal, these accidents are reported to be extremely painful. In order to understand the toxinology of the Brazilian urchins, a peptidomic approach was performed aiming to characterize the naturally occurring peptides in both the coelomic fluid and the spine.
  
  
  METHODS
  Animals were collected without gender distinction and samples of the coelomic fluid and spines extracted were analyzed by RP-HPLC and mass spectrometry for peptide de novo sequencing.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Several peptides were identified either in the coelomic fluid or the spine extract (except for E. lucunter). The peptide sequences were aligned with public deposited sequences and possible functions were inferred. Moreover, some peptides can be cryptides, since their sequences were identified within functional proteins, for example thymosin from Strongylocentrotus purpuratus.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although preliminary, the peptidomic approach presented here reports, for the first time, the abundance of novel biological molecules derived from these animals. The discovery of such molecules may be of potential biotechnological application, as described for other organisms; nevertheless, further studies are required.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Butantan Institute, Av. Vital Brasil, 1500, São Paulo, SP CEP 05503-900 Brazil.
authors.forename: Juliana Mozer
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Sciani
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Evolutionary Histophysiology, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP Brazil.
authors.forename: Andrews Krupinski
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Emerenciano
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Evolutionary Histophysiology, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP Brazil.
authors.forename: José Roberto Machado
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Cunha da Silva
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Butantan Institute, Av. Vital Brasil, 1500, São Paulo, SP CEP 05503-900 Brazil.
authors.forename: Daniel Carvalho
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Pimenta
keywords: Peptides; Peptidomics; Sea urchin; Toxins