title: Coupling Microbial Growth with Nanoparticles: A Universal Strategy To Produce Functional Fungal Hyphae Macrospheres.
abstract: Macroscale assembly of nanoscale building blocks is an intriguing way to translate the unique characteristics of individual nanoparticles into macroscopic materials. However, the lack of the efficient universal assembly strategy seriously hinders the possibility of macroscale architectures in practical applications. Herein, we develop a general, environment-friendly, and scalable microbial growth method for the construction of macroscopic composite assemblies with excellent mechanical strength by in situ integrating various types of nanoparticles into fungal hyphae (FH) macrospheres. Notably, the size of the FH-based composite spheres and the loading amount of the nanoparticles with different dimensions can be well tuned by controlling the cultivation time and the dosage of nanoparticles, respectively. Interestingly, bifunctional FH-based core-shell macrospheres can also be achieved by programmed assembling two different kinds of nanoparticles in the cultivation process. The produced multifunctional FH-based composite spheres exhibit wide potential applications in magnetic actuation, photothermal therapy, and contaminant adsorption, etc.
authors.affiliation: Division of Nanomaterials and Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China.|Joint Laboratory for Extreme Conditions Matter Properties, Southwest University of Science and Technology , Mianyang, Sichuan 621000, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Wen-Kun
authors.initials: WK
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Division of Nanomaterials and Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China.|School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology , Hefei, Anhui 230009, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Huai-Ping
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Cong
authors.affiliation: Division of Nanomaterials and Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Qing-Fang
authors.initials: QF
authors.lastname: Guan
authors.affiliation: Joint Laboratory for Extreme Conditions Matter Properties, Southwest University of Science and Technology , Mianyang, Sichuan 621000, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Wei-Tang
authors.initials: WT
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.affiliation: Division of Nanomaterials and Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Hai-Wei
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.affiliation: Division of Nanomaterials and Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Division of Nanomaterials and Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Shu-Hong
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Yu
mesh_terms: D005658:Fungi / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development*; D025301:Hyphae / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D053758:Nanoparticles; D036103:Nanotechnology / Q000379:methods*
keywords: functionality; fungal hyphae; macroscale; nanocomposite; self-assembly