title: Resolving the brachytherapy challenges with government funded hospital.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study is to rationalize the feasibility and cost-effectiveness of high dose rate (HDR) cobalt 60 (Co-60) source versus 192-Iridium (192-Ir) source brachytherapy in government funded hospitals and treatment interruption gap because of exchange of sources.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective study of gynecological cancer patients, treated by radiotherapy with curative intent between April 2005 and September 2012 was conducted. We analyzed the total number of patients treated for external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) and brachytherapy (Intracavitary brachytherapy or cylindrical vaginal source). The dates for 192-Ir sources installation and the last date and first date of brachytherapy procedure before and after source installation respectively were also analyzed and calculated the gap in days for brachytherapy interruptions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The study was analyzed the records of 2005 to September 2012 year where eight 192-Ir sources were installed. The mean gap between treatment interruptions was 123.12 days (range 1-647 days). The Institutional incidence of gynecological cancer where radiotherapy was treatment modality (except ovary) is 34.9 percent. Around 52.25 percent of patients who received EBRT at this institute were referred to outside hospital for brachytherapy because of unavailability of Iridium source. The cost for 5 year duration for single cobalt source is approximately 20-22 lakhs while for 15 Iridium sources is approximately 52-53 lakhs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The combined HDR Co-60 brachytherapy and EBRT provide a useful modality in the treatment of gynecological cancer where radiotherapy is indicated, the treatment interruption because of source exchange is longer and can be minimized by using cobalt source as it is cost-effective and has 5 year working life. Thus, Co-60 source for brachytherapy is a feasible option for government funded hospitals in developing countries.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiotheraphy and Oncology, Cama and Albless Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.
authors.forename: D S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Nikam
authors.forename: A S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Jagtap
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Vinothraj
mesh_terms: D001918:Brachytherapy / Q000191:economics* / Q000379:methods*; D003037:Cobalt Radioisotopes / Q000191:economics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D004469:Economics, Hospital; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D005380:Financing, Government; D005833:Genital Neoplasms, Female / Q000191:economics* / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D007194:India; D007496:Iridium Radioisotopes / Q000191:economics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D003037:Cobalt Radioisotopes; D007496:Iridium Radioisotopes