title: Obesity and Age-Related Changes in Markers of Oxidative Stress and Inflammation Across Four Generations.
abstract: The prevalence of obesity increases with age and is higher in each younger generation (unfavorable generation shift). This may influence patterns of oxidative stress and inflammation. Age-related changes and generation shifts in markers of oxidative stress and inflammation were investigated, specifically addressing the role of body mass index (BMI).
  
  
  
  Four generations (aged 26-35, 36-45, 46-55, and 56-65 at baseline) (N = 5,155) were examined every 5 years for 15 years between 1993 and 2012. Random coefficient analyses were used to study age-related changes and generation shifts in BMI, γ-glutamyltransferase (GGT), uric acid (UA), and C-reactive protein (CRP).
  
  
  
  Levels of BMI, UA, and CRP increased in all generations up to age 75, whereas GGT increased up to age 55. No consistent generation shifts were observed for GGT, UA, and CRP (P ≥ 0.05). Participants with a stable BMI (change ≤1 kg/m(2) /15 years) had either no or small increases with age in GGT, UA, and CRP, whereas participants with increasing BMI (increase >1 kg/m(2) /15 years) had much larger increases (P < 0.01).
  
  
  
  The unfavorable age-related changes in obesity-related biochemical markers, particularly among individuals with increasing BMI, show the importance of maintaining a healthy weight to improve population levels of oxidative stress and inflammation.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Nutrition, Prevention and Health Services, National Institute of Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands.|Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Gerben
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hulsegge
authors.affiliation: Centre for Nutrition, Prevention and Health Services, National Institute of Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands.|Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Institute, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Gerrie-Cor M
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Herber-Gast
authors.affiliation: Centre for Nutrition, Prevention and Health Services, National Institute of Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Annemieke M W
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Spijkerman
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Susan
authors.affiliation: Centre for Nutrition, Prevention and Health Services, National Institute of Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Picavet
authors.affiliation: Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Yvonne T
authors.initials: YT
authors.lastname: van der Schouw
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University Medical Center Groningen and University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Stephan J L
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Bakker
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University Medical Center Groningen and University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Ron T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Gansevoort
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Health Protection Research, National Institute of Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Martijn E T
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Dollé
authors.affiliation: Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Henriette A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Smit
authors.affiliation: Centre for Nutrition, Prevention and Health Services, National Institute of Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands.|Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: W M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Monique Verschuren
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000375:Aging; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood*; D001794:Blood Pressure; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009749:Nutrition Surveys; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology*; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D015995:Prevalence; D011446:Prospective Studies; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood; D014527:Uric Acid / Q000097:blood; D005723:gamma-Glutamyltransferase / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D014280:Triglycerides; D014527:Uric Acid; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D005723:gamma-Glutamyltransferase