title: Species-Specific Immunodetection of an Entamoeba histolytica Cyst Wall Protein.
abstract: Entamoeba histolytica causes intestinal disease in endemic settings throughout the world. Diagnosis of E. histolytica infection would be improved by the identification of biomarkers that are expressed by cysts of E. histolytica, but not by cysts of closely related commensal species of Entamoeba. Herein, we describe two novel monoclonal antibodies (1A4 and 1D3) produced against a spacer region of the E. histolytica Jacob2 lectin, an outer cyst wall protein. These reagents demonstrated no cross-reaction to E. dispar recombinant antigen and low picomolar molecular detection limits when paired in ELISA sandwich assays. In an immunofluorescence microscopy assay, the α-Jacob2 murine antibodies labeled cysts of three xenically cultured E. histolytica isolates but did not label cysts of three E. bangladeshi isolates. Monoclonal antibody 1A4 did not cross-react with xenic cultures of three E. dispar isolates, demonstrating specificity to E. histolytica, while monoclonal antibody 1D3 cross-reacted with two out of three E. dispar isolates. Both antibodies labeled cysts in formalin-fixed slides, a potential logistical advantage in some settings. The monoclonal antibody 1A4 was also used in an immunofluorescence microscopy assay with formalin-fixed stool specimens. Seven out of ten ELISA-positive stool specimens exhibited 1A4-labeled cyst-like objects, compared to one out of seven ELISA-negative specimens. These results demonstrate that antibodies generated against the flexible spacer of E. histolytica Jacob2 lectin recognize and bind to Jacob2 protein in whole cysts and are capable of differentiating Entamoeba species in fixed specimens. Thus, Jacob2 is a promising biomarker for use in diagnosing E. histolytica infection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America.
authors.forename: Lauren J
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-7349-4350
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Spadafora
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America.
authors.forename: Moira R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Kearney
authors.affiliation: International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
authors.forename: Abdullah
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Siddique
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America.
authors.forename: Ibne K
authors.initials: IK
authors.lastname: Ali
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America.
authors.forename: Carol A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Gilchrist
authors.affiliation: International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
authors.forename: Tuhinur
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Arju
authors.affiliation: Antibody Technology Core, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America.
authors.forename: Benjamin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hoffstrom
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America.
authors.forename: Felicia K
authors.initials: FK
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America.
authors.forename: William A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Petri
authors.affiliation: International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
authors.forename: Rashidul
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Haque
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America.
authors.forename: Gerard A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Cangelosi
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000276:immunology*; D000913:Antibodies, Protozoan / Q000276:immunology*; D015415:Biomarkers; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D004748:Entamoeba histolytica / Q000276:immunology*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D051379:Mice; D000069289:Parasite Encystment / Q000502:physiology; D015800:Protozoan Proteins / Q000276:immunology*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013045:Species Specificity
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D000913:Antibodies, Protozoan; D015415:Biomarkers; D015800:Protozoan Proteins