title: Evaluation of serum lipid profile, body mass index, and waistline in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  People with type 2 diabetes are at an increased risk of hypertension, arteriosclerosis, heart disease, and stroke. Glucose intolerance (insulin resistance) is the main feature of type 2 diabetes. Obesity leads to insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, etc. The aim of this study was to assess the biochemical parameters and measures of obesity in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 2,273 males and 6,547 females previously healthy volunteers (aged 41-95 years old) were recruited by open invitation. The basic information, including age, sex, height, weight, body mass index (BMI), waistline, hipline, menstrual cycle, and medical history, was collected by questionnaire survey and physical examination. Serum lipid profile, liver transaminase, blood glucose, postprandial blood glucose, and hemoglobin A1c were obtained after 12 hours of fasting.
  
  
  RESULTS
  According to our results, diabetic patients presented serum lipid abnormality. Elevated triglyceride (TG) levels (≥1.7 mmol/L) were noted in 19.69% of males and 20.40% of females, and reduced high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels (≤1.15 mmol/L) were noted in 21.96% of males and 15.74% of females. The combination of elevated TG and reduced HDL-C was the most prevalent of the combined lipid abnormalities. In contrast, no differences were observed in the levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and total cholesterol. Moreover, there were statistically significant differences in the levels of BMI and waistline between T2DM and non-T2DM participants. After adjustment for BMI, logistic regression analysis revealed that the subjects with BMI ≤20 kg/m(2) and >30 kg/m(2) had a significantly elevated hazard ratio of T2DM compared with participants having a BMI range of 20-30 kg/m(2) in both males and females. However, there was a significant difference between T2DM patients and non-T2DM patients in waistline (χ (2)=8.57, P<0.001) than in BMI parameter (χ (2)=6.29, P<0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study shows for the first time that low levels of HDL-C, high levels of TG, and abnormal levels in BMI and waistline increase the risk of type 2 T2DM in Chinese people.
authors.affiliation: Surgical Research, Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Duisburg-Essen University Hospital, Essen, Germany.
authors.forename: Rongtao
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedics, Dalian Central Hospital, Dalian, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Zhiming
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Qi
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedics, Dalian Central Hospital, Dalian, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedics, Dalian Central Hospital, Dalian, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Zuohong
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedics, Dalian Central Hospital, Dalian, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Qing
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Jinan, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Junyong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D044466:Asian People; D001786:Blood Glucose; D015992:Body Mass Index; D001835:Body Weight; D002681:China; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000503:physiopathology*; D050171:Dyslipidemias / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018570:Risk Assessment; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood*; D055105:Waist Circumference
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D014280:Triglycerides
keywords: HDL-C; T2DM; TG; body mass index; risk assessment; waistline