title: The Caregiver Perspective on Paediatric ADHD (CAPPA) survey: Understanding sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, treatment use and impact of ADHD in Europe.
abstract: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that affects the lives of patients and their families. The Caregiver Perspective on Paediatric ADHD (CAPPA) survey was conducted to evaluate the burden associated with ADHD in Europe and to identify unmet needs. Here, we describe sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, treatment use and impact of ADHD.
  
  
  
  The cross-sectional web-based CAPPA survey was fielded in 10 European countries among caregivers of children/adolescents (aged 6-17 years) with ADHD who were currently receiving or had received pharmacotherapy in the previous 6 months.
  
  
  
  Data on 3688 completed CAPPA surveys were evaluated. Children/adolescents were diagnosed with ADHD at a mean age of 6.9 years; 80% were male. Most children/adolescents (56%) had undergone behavioural therapy. Overall, 78% of children/adolescents currently received ADHD pharmacotherapy; high rates of atypical antipsychotic use were reported in some countries. Overall, 23% of children/adolescents had repeated a school year and 4% had been expelled recently. Most caregivers (68-88%) reported difficulty with schoolwork, social interactions/activities and family relationships, even when the child/adolescent was receiving ADHD medication. Almost one third (31%) of caregivers felt the need to change employment status despite their child/adolescent receiving ADHD medication in 53% of these cases.
  
  
  
  Information was reported by caregivers recruited through market research panels; reporting, recall and selection biases may be present.
  
  
  
  Variation across Europe was observed in characteristics of caregivers and children/adolescents with ADHD, and treatment use. Even with medication, ADHD compromised or negatively impacted caregivers' work and children/adolescents' schoolwork, their social interactions and family relationships.
authors.affiliation: ICON Clinical Research, LLC, Gaithersburg, MD, USA. Electronic address: emuella.flood@iconplc.com.
authors.forename: Emuella
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Flood
authors.affiliation: Global Health Economics Outcomes Research and Epidemiology, Shire, Wayne, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Kavita
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Gajria
authors.affiliation: Global Health Economics Outcomes Research and Epidemiology, Shire, Wayne, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Vanja
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Sikirica
authors.affiliation: ICON Clinical Research, LLC, Gaithersburg, MD, USA.
authors.forename: C Noelle
authors.initials: CN
authors.lastname: Dietrich
authors.affiliation: ICON Clinical Research, LLC, Gaithersburg, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Beverly
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Romero
authors.affiliation: Ryegate Children's Centre, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, UK.
authors.forename: Valerie
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Harpin
authors.affiliation: Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim of the University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany.
authors.forename: Tobias
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Banaschewski
authors.affiliation: Psychiatry Department, Hospital Universitario Infanta Leonor, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Javier
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Quintero
authors.affiliation: Global Health Economics Outcomes Research and Epidemiology, Shire, Wayne, PA, USA.
authors.forename: M Haim
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Erder
authors.affiliation: AMF Consulting, Inc., Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Moshe
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fridman
authors.affiliation: Global Health Economics Outcomes Research and Epidemiology, Shire, Lexington, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Kristina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000188:drug therapy*; D001521:Behavior Therapy; D017028:Caregivers; D002648:Child; D017281:Cost of Illness; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004651:Employment; D005060:Europe; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D008297:Male; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder; Burden of illness; Caregivers; Treatment