title: Factors Driving the HIV Epidemic in Southern Africa.
abstract: The HIV pandemic has disproportionately impacted sub-Saharan Africa and Southern Africa in particular. The concurrent presence of overlapping epidemic drivers likely underpins how and why the HIV epidemic is so explosive in this region, with implications for understanding approaches to reduce transmission. In this review, we discuss the relative contribution and interaction between epidemic drivers in the Southern African context, including factors both distally and proximally associated with the likelihood and degree of exposure to HIV and factors that increase the probability of transmission when exposure occurs. In particular, we focus on young women as a key population in need of HIV prevention and highlight factors that increase their risk on several levels.
authors.affiliation: Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), University of KwaZulu-Natal, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, 719 Umbilo Road, Private Bag X7, Congella, Durban, 4013, South Africa. Lyle.Mckinnon@caprisa.org.|Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada. Lyle.Mckinnon@caprisa.org.
authors.forename: Lyle R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: McKinnon
authors.affiliation: Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), University of KwaZulu-Natal, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, 719 Umbilo Road, Private Bag X7, Congella, Durban, 4013, South Africa.|Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Quarraisha Abdool
authors.initials: QA
authors.lastname: Karim
mesh_terms: D017954:Africa South of the Sahara / Q000453:epidemiology; D000353:Africa, Southern / Q000453:epidemiology; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000635:transmission*; D006266:Health Education / Q000592:standards*; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012725:Sexual Behavior / Q000523:psychology*; D012919:Social Behavior; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D016387:Women's Health
keywords: Adolescent mucosal immunology; Behavioral interventions; Conditional cash transfers; HIV; Phylogenetics; Sexually transmitted infections; Southern Africa; Structural risk factors; Transmission co-factors; Young women