title: Zinc fingers 1, 2, 5 and 6 of transcriptional regulator, PRDM4, are required for its nuclear localisation.
abstract: PRDM4 is a member of the PRDM family of transcriptional regulators which control various aspects of cellular differentiation and proliferation. PRDM proteins exert their biological functions both in the cytosol and the nucleus of cells. All PRDM proteins are characterised by the presence of two distinct structural motifs, the PR/SET domain and the zinc finger (ZF) motifs. We previously observed that deletion of all six zinc fingers found in PRDM4 leads to its accumulation in the cytosol, whereas overexpressed full length PRDM4 is found predominantly in the nucleus. Here, we investigated the requirements for single zinc fingers in the nuclear localisation of PRDM4. We demonstrate that ZF's 1, 2, 5 and 6 contribute to the accumulation of PRDM4 in the nucleus. Their effect is additive as deleting either ZF1-2 or ZF 5-6 redistributes PRDM4 protein from being almost exclusively nuclear to cytosolic and nuclear. We investigated the potential mechanism of nuclear shuttling of PRDM4 via the importin α/β-mediated pathway and find that PRDM4 nuclear targeting is independent of α/β-mediated nuclear import.
authors.affiliation: The Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK. Electronic address: h.tunbak@ucl.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Hale
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tunbak
authors.affiliation: The Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK. Electronic address: christiana.georgiou.10@ucl.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Christiana
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Georgiou
authors.affiliation: School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK. Electronic address: c.guan@qmul.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Cui
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Guan
authors.affiliation: The Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK. Electronic address: w.richardson@ucl.ac.uk.
authors.forename: William David
authors.initials: WD
authors.lastname: Richardson
authors.affiliation: The Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK. Electronic address: a.chittka@ucl.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Alexandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chittka
mesh_terms: D021581:Active Transport, Cell Nucleus / Q000502:physiology; D000818:Animals; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism*; D057809:HEK293 Cells; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D058953:Neural Stem Cells / Q000378:metabolism*; D016716:PC12 Cells; D051381:Rats; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology; D013347:Subcellular Fractions / Q000378:metabolism*; D016335:Zinc Fingers / Q000502:physiology*
keywords: Confocal microscopy; Neural stem cells; Nuclear transport; PC12 cells; PRDM4; Zinc finger