title: The Prognosis of Altered Sensation after Extrusion of Root Canal Filling Materials: A Systematic Review of the Literature.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this study was to systematically review and evaluate the literature regarding the prognosis of altered sensation after extrusion of root canal filling materials and the possible factors influencing it.
  
  
  METHODS
  A systematic search of the literature was performed to identify studies that reported on altered sensation after extrusion of root canal filling materials during endodontic treatments. The articles were evaluated for their relevance based on strict inclusion criteria, and the identified suitable articles were subject to data extraction and analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Initially, 109 possibly relevant articles were identified. After screening and full-text evaluations, 28 articles that met the inclusion criteria were analyzed, reporting on a total of 84 patients with altered sensation after extrusion of root canal filling materials. All the included studies, except 1 case series, were case reports. Under the limited available data, the extracted data showed that 91% of the patients had fully or partially recovered over time. Most of the cases in the lower molars as well as most of the cases in which the obturation was performed using paraformaldehyde-containing sealer or cases in which an immediate treatment was not performed did not fully recover.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The current scientific knowledge regarding the prognosis of nerve injuries caused by overextruded endodontic materials relies primarily on case reports. Within the limitations of the published data, it seems that the tooth locations, types of extruded materials and the obturation technique, and treatment after the injury may affect the nerve injury prognosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endodontology, Maurice and Gabriela Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel. Electronic address: dr.eyalrosen@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Eyal
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Rosen
authors.affiliation: Department of Endodontology, Maurice and Gabriela Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
authors.forename: Tomer
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Goldberger
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Research Centre in Oral Health, Università degliStudi di Milano, Milan, Italy; IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Silvio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Taschieri
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Research Centre in Oral Health, Università degliStudi di Milano, Milan, Italy; IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Massimo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Del Fabbro
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Research Centre in Oral Health, Università degliStudi di Milano, Milan, Italy; IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Corbella
authors.affiliation: Department of Endodontology, Maurice and Gabriela Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
authors.forename: Igor
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Tsesis
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003764:Dental Materials; D004853:Epoxy Resins / Q000009:adverse effects; D005557:Formaldehyde / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D008340:Mandibular Nerve / Q000187:drug effects; D008963:Molar; D050793:Orthodontic Extrusion / Q000009:adverse effects*; D011108:Polymers / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011379:Prognosis; D019279:Resin Cements; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials / Q000009:adverse effects*; D012389:Root Canal Obturation / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D018915:Root Canal Preparation / Q000009:adverse effects; D012677:Sensation; D061221:Trigeminal Nerve Injuries / Q000209:etiology
chemical_list: D003764:Dental Materials; D004853:Epoxy Resins; D011108:Polymers; C090340:Reliance resin cement; D019279:Resin Cements; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials; C534916:epoxy resin-based root canal sealer; D005557:Formaldehyde; C003043:paraform
keywords: Altered sensation; nerve injury; root canal filling materials; root canal treatment