title: Identification of Serum miR-146a and miR-155 as Novel Noninvasive Complementary Biomarkers for Ankylosing Spondylitis.
abstract: METHODS
  Prospective serum microRNAs study.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate differentially expressed serum microRNAs (miRNAs) between ankylosing spondylitis (AS) patients and controls, and to evaluate the potential of miRNAs as biomarkers for AS.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  There is an urgent need to explore novel biomarkers with more high sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of AS, especially for early-stage AS. Recently, the discovery of miRNAs has paved a new avenue for the diagnosis of cancers and other diseases, However, the global serum miRNAs pattern in AS patients has never been determined.
  
  
  METHODS
  An initial screening of miRNA expression by Solexa sequencing was performed using serum samples pooled from 10 AS patients and 10 controls, respectively. Subsequently, differential expression was validated using hydrolysis probe-based stem-loop quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Furthermore, AS patients were divided into group A (kyphosis <70°) and group B (kyphosis ≥70°). Disease activity and functional status were evaluated by Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI) and the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index (BASFI), respectively. The areas under the receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curves of identified miRNAs were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nineteen serum miRNAs were differentially expressed in AS patients compared with controls. After qRT-PCR confirmation, miR-146a and miR-155 were significantly upregulated in AS patients. The areas under the ROC curves using miR-146a and miR-155 were 0.917 and 0.964, respectively. Importantly, the miR-155 expression level in group B was significantly higher than that in group A. In addition, significant correlation was observed between miR-155 expression level and BASDAI (r = 0.5, P < 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Detection of serum miRNAs (miR-146a and miR-155) may serve as novel complementary biomarkers for AS. Moreover, the expression level of miR-155 is suggested to be associated with disease activity and the severity of thoracolumbar kyphosis secondary to AS.
  
  
  METHODS
  NA.
authors.affiliation: *Department of Spine Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, China †Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine Program, Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California.
authors.forename: Bang-Ping
authors.initials: BP
authors.lastname: Qian
authors.forename: Ming-Liang
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Ji
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Qiu
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.forename: Yong-Feng
authors.initials: YF
authors.lastname: Luo
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000097:blood* / Q000235:genetics; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013167:Spondylitis, Ankylosing / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; C542542:MIRN146 microRNA, human; C524942:MIRN155 microRNA, human; D035683:MicroRNAs