title: Management of borderline ovarian tumors.
abstract: Borderline ovarian tumors (BOT) are epithelial tumors of the ovaries with both malignant and non-malignant aspects. On the one hand, they are characterized by cellular proliferation and nuclear atypia but, on the other hand, they usually do not show infiltrative growth pattern. Balancing radicality between oncologic safety and treatment burden has already led to remarkable changes in the management pattern over the last decades and is still a challenging task.
  
  
  
  This review is based on both a systematic review published by the authors and added with evidence gained from actually published literature.
  
  
  
  As they frequently affect younger patients, the clinical management of BOT is complicated by aspects as preserving fertility and reducing postoperative morbidity. Over the past decades, the surgical therapy shifted from a radical approach to more conservative treatment. Today, fertility-sparing surgery is first-choice treatment in younger patients. In addition, minimal-invasive surgery has become the preferred surgical approach in these patients. Even recurrences are curable in most patients because only a minority of relapses transform to invasive cancer.
  
  
  
  More studies on BOT are needed and longer follow-up and better characterization of high-risk subtypes are crucial to better understand long-term risk of BOT and avoid the rare but the fatal outcome in those few patients being undertreated by the current management strategies.
authors.affiliation: Kliniken Essen Mitte, Essen prof.dubois@googlemail.com.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: du Bois
authors.affiliation: University Hamburg, Hamburg.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Trillsch
authors.affiliation: LMU University München, München Germany.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mahner
authors.affiliation: Kliniken Essen Mitte, Essen.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Heitz
authors.affiliation: Kliniken Essen Mitte, Essen.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Harter
mesh_terms: D019468:Disease Management; D005260:Female; D059247:Fertility Preservation; D006801:Humans; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D010051:Ovarian Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D010052:Ovariectomy; D010053:Ovary / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery
keywords: borderline tumour; fertility sparing surgery; malignant transformation