title: Extended spectrum β-lactamase and plasmid mediated quinolone resistance in Escherichia coli fecal isolates from healthy companion animals in Algeria.
abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the rate of fecal carriage of Escherichia coli strains producing Extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) and plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) isolated from healthy pets (dogs and cats) in Algeria. Fecal samples from 171 healthy pets (102 dogs and 69 cats) in one veterinary practice and private owners were included. After isolates identification, antibiotic susceptibility was determined by disk diffusion procedure. ESBL were detected by combination disk tests. PCR and sequencing were used to characterize genes encoding ESBLs and PMQR. Transfer of ESBL and PMQR genes was assessed by conjugation experiments. Phylogenetic groups of E. coli were determined by PCR. Of the 171 animals, 20 carried an ESBL producing E. coli giving a prevalence of ESBL fecal carriage of 11.7%. All isolates were susceptible to carbapenems, cefoxitin, piperacillin-tazobactam, amikacin and fosfomycine. For the rest of the tested β-lactams, susceptibility rates ranged from 35% to 70% for cefepime and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid respectively. Concerning the non-beta-lactams antibiotics, the rates of susceptibility ranged between 5% to trimethoprim and 95% for chloramphenicol. The beta-lactamase genes identified in E. coli isolates were blaCTX-M-15, blaCTX-M-1, blaSHV-12 and blaTEM-1. The PMQR determinants aac(6')-Ib-cr, qnrS1 and qnrB5 genes were identified in 15 isolates. Transconjugants were obtained for two isolates. Phylogenetic analysis showed that E. coli isolates belong to commensal phylogroups of A and B1. We reported here for the first time in Algeria ESBL and PMQR-producing E. coli in healthy cats and dogs.
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire d'Ecologie Microbienne, FSNV, Université de Bejaia, 06000 Bejaia, Algeria.
authors.forename: Massilia
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yousfi
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire d'Ecologie Microbienne, FSNV, Université de Bejaia, 06000 Bejaia, Algeria.
authors.forename: Assia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mairi
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire d'Ecologie Microbienne, FSNV, Université de Bejaia, 06000 Bejaia, Algeria. Electronic address: ziz1999@yahoo.fr.
authors.forename: Abdelaziz
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Touati
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire d'Ecologie Microbienne, FSNV, Université de Bejaia, 06000 Bejaia, Algeria.
authors.forename: Lila
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hassissene
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Bactériologie-Virologie-Hygiène Hospitalière, CHU Reims, Hôpital Robert DEBRE, EA4687 SFR CAP-Santé (FED 4231), Université de Reims-Champagne-Ardenne, Avenue du Général Koenig, 51092 Reims Cedex, France.
authors.forename: Lucien
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Brasme
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Bactériologie-Virologie-Hygiène Hospitalière, CHU Reims, Hôpital Robert DEBRE, EA4687 SFR CAP-Santé (FED 4231), Université de Reims-Champagne-Ardenne, Avenue du Général Koenig, 51092 Reims Cedex, France.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Guillard
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Bactériologie-Virologie-Hygiène Hospitalière, CHU Reims, Hôpital Robert DEBRE, EA4687 SFR CAP-Santé (FED 4231), Université de Reims-Champagne-Ardenne, Avenue du Général Koenig, 51092 Reims Cedex, France.
authors.forename: Christophe
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: De Champs
mesh_terms: D000462:Algeria; D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002415:Cats; D004285:Dogs; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000302:isolation & purification; D005243:Feces / Q000382:microbiology; D057805:Pets / Q000382:microbiology*; D010957:Plasmids / Q000378:metabolism*; D015363:Quinolones / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001618:beta-Lactamases / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D015363:Quinolones; D001618:beta-Lactamases
keywords: Algeria; ESBL; Escherichia coli; Fecal carriage; Healthy pets; PMQR