title: Physiology of the Hypothalamic Pituitary Gonadal Axis in the Male.
abstract: Testosterone synthesis and male fertility are the results of the perfect coordination of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. A negative feedback finely controls the secretion of hormones at the 3 levels. Congenital or acquired disturbance at any level leads to an impairment of reproductive function and the clinical syndrome of hypogonadism. In some cases, this condition is reversible. Once the diagnosis is made, testosterone replacement therapy is the standard therapy; however, novel therapies may improve spermatogenesis while elevating testosterone levels.
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology, New York University School of Medicine, 650 First Avenue, 7th Floor, New York, NY 10016, USA.
authors.forename: Patricia Freitas
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Corradi
authors.affiliation: Urology Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 417 E 68th Street, New York, NY 10065, USA.
authors.forename: Renato B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Corradi
authors.affiliation: Bioethics and Medical Ethics, New York University School of Medicine, 650 First Avenue, 7th Floor, New York, NY 10016, USA. Electronic address: loren.greene@nyumc.org.
authors.forename: Loren Wissner
authors.initials: LW
authors.lastname: Greene
mesh_terms: D006066:Gonads / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007030:Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D013739:Testosterone / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D013739:Testosterone
keywords: Gonadotropin; Hypogonadism; Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism; Primary hypogonadism; Secondary hypogonadism; Testosterone