title: Effect of timing and type of supplementary grain on herbage intake, nitrogen utilization and milk production in dairy cows grazed on perennial ryegrass pasture from evening to morning.
abstract: The present study aimed to clarify the effect of timing and type of supplementary grain in grazing dairy cows on herbage dry matter intake (HDMI), nitrogen utilization and milk production. Eight lactating cows were allowed to graze from evening to morning during three seasonal periods (spring, summer, autumn). They were randomly allocated to four treatments (timing: pre- (Pre) or post-grazing (Post), for large grain allotments consisting of 75% of daily grain offered; grain type: barley or corn) in 4 × 4 Latin square designs in each period. In the spring period, HDMI was greater for cows fed corn than those fed barley (P = 0.005), whereas cows in the Pre treatment had a similar HDMI, higher (P = 0.049) urinary purine derivative concentration and greater (P = 0.004) milk yield compared with cows in the Post treatment. In the summer and autumn periods, timing treatments did not affect HDMI, nitrogen utilization or milk production, but cows supplemented with barley had higher urinary purine derivatives concentration (P < 0.05) and milk yield (P < 0.05) compared with those supplemented with corn. The results indicate that large grain allotments immediately before evening grazing during early grazing seasons increased ruminal microbial protein synthesis and milk production without reducing HDMI regardless of grain type.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Animal Production System, Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
authors.forename: Koichiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ueda
authors.affiliation: Field Science Center for Northern Biosphere, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
authors.forename: Tomohiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mitani
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Animal Production System, Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
authors.forename: Seiji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kondo
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed; D000824:Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology*; D002940:Circadian Rhythm / Q000502:physiology*; D003612:Dairying; D004032:Diet / Q000662:veterinary*; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004435:Eating / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D060434:Herbivory / Q000502:physiology*; D001467:Hordeum; D007774:Lactation / Q000502:physiology*; D008129:Lolium; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000378:metabolism*; D014176:Protein Biosynthesis; D011687:Purines / Q000652:urine; D012417:Rumen / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000382:microbiology*; D012621:Seasons; D003313:Zea mays
chemical_list: D011687:Purines; D009584:Nitrogen; C030985:purine
keywords: dairy cow; grain; grazing; herbage intake; nitrogen utilization