title: Differential effects of P25 TiO2 nanoparticles on freshwater green microalgae: Chlorella and Scenedesmus species.
abstract: P25 TiO2 nanoparticles majorly used in cosmetic products have well known detrimental effects towards the aquatic environment. In a freshwater ecosystem, Chlorella and Scenedesmus are among the most commonly found algal species frequently used to study the effects of metal oxide nanoparticles. A comparative study has been conducted herein to investigate differences in the toxic effects caused by these nanoparticles towards the two algae species. The three different concentrations of P25 TiO2 NPs (0.01, 0.1 & 1μg/mL, i.e., 0.12, 1.25 and 12.52μM) were selected to correlate surface water concentrations of the nanoparticles, and filtered and sterilized fresh water medium was used throughout this study. There was significant increase (p<0.001) in hydrodynamic diameter of nanoparticles with respect to both, time (0, 24, 48 and 72h) as well as concentration under all the exposure conditions. Although, significant dose-dependent morphological (surface area & biovolume) interspecies variations were not observed, it was evident at the highest concentration of exposure within individuals. At 1μg/mL exposure concentration, a significant difference in toxicity was noted between Chlorella and Scenedesmus under only visible light (p<0.001) and UVA (p<0.01) irradiation conditions. The viability data were well supported by the results obtained for oxidative stress induced by NPs on the cells. At the highest exposure concentration, superoxide dismutase and reduced glutathione activities were assessed for both the algae under all the irradiation conditions. Increased catalase activity and LPO release complemented the cytotoxic effects observed. Significant interspecies variations were noted for these parameters under UVA and visible light exposed cells of Chlorella and Scenedesmus species, which could easily be correlated with the uptake of the NPs.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Nanobiotechnology, VIT University, Vellore, India.
authors.forename: Rajdeep
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Roy
authors.affiliation: Centre for Nanobiotechnology, VIT University, Vellore, India.
authors.forename: Abhinav
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Parashar
authors.affiliation: Centre for Nanobiotechnology, VIT University, Vellore, India.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bhuvaneshwari
authors.affiliation: Centre for Nanobiotechnology, VIT University, Vellore, India.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Chandrasekaran
authors.affiliation: Centre for Nanobiotechnology, VIT University, Vellore, India. Electronic address: amit.mookerjea@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Amitava
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mukherjee
mesh_terms: D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D002708:Chlorella / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D005618:Fresh Water; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D008027:Light; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000633:toxicity*; D058086:Microalgae / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D044444:Scenedesmus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D014025:Titanium / Q000633:toxicity*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C009495:titanium dioxide; D014025:Titanium; D002374:Catalase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D005978:Glutathione
keywords: Bio-uptake; Freshwater; Irradiation; Oxidative stress; P25 TiO(2) NPs; Species sensitivity