title: Measuring Scale Errors in a Laser Tracker's Horizontal Angle Encoder Through Simple Length Measurement and Two-Face System Tests.
abstract: We describe a method to estimate the scale errors in the horizontal angle encoder of a laser tracker in this paper. The method does not require expensive instrumentation such as a rotary stage or even a calibrated artifact. An uncalibrated but stable length is realized between two targets mounted on stands that are at tracker height. The tracker measures the distance between these two targets from different azimuthal positions (say, in intervals of 20° over 360°). Each target is measured in both front face and back face. Low order harmonic scale errors can be estimated from this data and may then be used to correct the encoder's error map to improve the tracker's angle measurement accuracy. We have demonstrated this for the second order harmonic in this paper. It is important to compensate for even order harmonics as their influence cannot be removed by averaging front face and back face measurements whereas odd orders can be removed by averaging. We tested six trackers from three different manufacturers. Two of those trackers are newer models introduced at the time of writing of this paper. For older trackers from two manufacturers, the length errors in a 7.75 m horizontal length placed 7 m away from a tracker were of the order of ± 65 μm before correcting the error map. They reduced to less than ± 25 μm after correcting the error map for second order scale errors. Newer trackers from the same manufacturers did not show this error. An older tracker from a third manufacturer also did not show this error.
authors.affiliation: Precision Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Muralikrishnan
authors.affiliation: Precision Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Blackburn
authors.affiliation: Precision Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sawyer
authors.affiliation: Precision Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Phillips
authors.affiliation: FARO Technologies, Kennett Square, PA 19348.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bridges
keywords: ASME B89.4.19; encoder scale error; geometric misalignment; laser tracker; second order harmonic