title: Effects and mechanism of ball milling on torrefaction of pine sawdust.
abstract: The effects and mechanism of ball milling on the torrefaction process were studied. Ball- and hammer-milled (screen size 1mm) pine sawdust samples were torrefied at three temperatures (230, 260, and 290°C) and two durations (30 and 60min) to investigate into their torrefaction behavior and physicochemical properties. The results showed that, under identical torrefaction conditions, torrefied ball-milled pine sawdust had a higher carbon content and fixed carbon, and lower hydrogen and oxygen contents than torrefied hammer-milled pine sawdust. Torrefied ball-milled pine sawdust produced lower mass and energy yields, but higher heating values than torrefied hammer-milled pine sawdust. Ball milling destroyed the crystalline structure of cellulose and thus reduced the thermal stability of hemicellulose, cellulose, and lignin, causing them to degrade at relatively lower temperatures. In conclusion, biomass pretreated with a combination of ball milling and torrefaction has the potential to produce an alternative fuel to coal.
authors.affiliation: College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
authors.forename: Chunxiao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gong
authors.affiliation: College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Beijing Aerospace Propulsion Institute, Beijing 100076, China.
authors.forename: Chen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.affiliation: College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China. Electronic address: guanghui.wang@cau.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Guanghui
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, 57 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A9, Canada.
authors.forename: Lope
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tabil
authors.affiliation: College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
authors.forename: Decheng
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D056804:Biofuels; D018533:Biomass; D002244:Carbon / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D002482:Cellulose / Q000737:chemistry; D006361:Heating; D006859:Hydrogen / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D008031:Lignin / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D010100:Oxygen / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D028223:Pinus / Q000737:chemistry*; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000737:chemistry; D012037:Refuse Disposal / Q000379:methods*; D013696:Temperature; D013818:Thermogravimetry; D014934:Wood / Q000737:chemistry*; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction
chemical_list: D056804:Biofuels; D011134:Polysaccharides; D002244:Carbon; D006859:Hydrogen; C007916:hemicellulose; D002482:Cellulose; D008031:Lignin; D010100:Oxygen
keywords: Ball milling; Bioenergy; Biomass; Torrefaction; X-ray diffraction