title: Chm-1 gene-modified bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells maintain the chondrogenic phenotype of tissue-engineered cartilage.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can differentiate into specific phenotypes, including chondrocytes, and have been widely used for cartilage tissue engineering. However, cartilage grafts from MSCs exhibit phenotypic alternations after implantation, including matrix calcification and vascular ingrowth.
  
  
  METHODS
  We compared chondromodulin-1 (Chm-1) expression between chondrocytes and MSCs. We found that chondrocytes expressed a high level of Chm-1. We then adenovirally transduced MSCs with Chm-1 and applied modified cells to engineer cartilage in vivo.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A gross inspection and histological observation indicated that the chondrogenic phenotype of the tissue-engineered cartilage graft was well maintained, and the stable expression of Chm-1 was detected by immunohistological staining in the cartilage graft derived from the Chm-1 gene-modified MSCs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings defined an essential role for Chm-1 in maintaining chondrogenic phenotype and demonstrated that Chm-1 gene-modified MSCs may be used in cartilage tissue engineering.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Faculty of Life Science, Northwest University, 229 TaiBai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710069, P.R. China.|Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Shaanxi, Northwest University, 229 TaiBai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710069, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Zhuoyue
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Faculty of Life Science, Northwest University, 229 TaiBai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710069, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Faculty of Life Science, Northwest University, 229 TaiBai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710069, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Faculty of Life Science, Northwest University, 229 TaiBai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710069, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Faculty of Life Science, Northwest University, 229 TaiBai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710069, P.R. China.|Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Shaanxi, Northwest University, 229 TaiBai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710069, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Jihong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Faculty of Life Science, Northwest University, 229 TaiBai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710069, P.R. China.|Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Shaanxi, Northwest University, 229 TaiBai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710069, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Hongmin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Faculty of Life Science, Northwest University, 229 TaiBai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710069, P.R. China. chenfl@nwu.edu.cn.|Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Shaanxi, Northwest University, 229 TaiBai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710069, P.R. China. chenfl@nwu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Fulin
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D037421:Anthozoa; D001854:Bone Marrow Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D002356:Cartilage / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002630:Chemotactic Factors / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D019902:Chondrocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D020219:Chondrogenesis / Q000235:genetics; D015870:Gene Expression; D006085:Graft Survival; D045164:Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D016062:Porosity; D061251:Primary Cell Culture; D011817:Rabbits; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000379:methods*; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds; D014161:Transduction, Genetic
chemical_list: D002630:Chemotactic Factors
keywords: Cartilage tissue; Chondrocytes; Chondromodulin-1; Mesenchymal stem cells