title: A double-layer patch design for local and controlled drug delivery as an intraoperative custom-made implant-coating technology.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The specific biological need of patients frequently becomes obvious just in the intraoperative setting. We hypothesized that a double-layer patch approach that allowed rapid attachment to an implant surface would represent a potential solution for technically challenging intraoperative personalized local drug delivery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Dexamethasone-loaded poly[(rac-lactide)-co-glycolide] (PLGA) microparticles were embedded within a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) patch that was attached to metal implant surfaces by in situ polymerization of alkyl-2-cyanoacrylates (CAs). Hydroxyapatite (HA) nanoparticles were also embedded in the PVA patch.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Very rapid dexamethasone-release profiles were observed from the PLGA microparticles / PVA patches. The incorporation of HA nanoparticles into the PVA enabled control of CA penetration within the patch, and improved significantly its attachment, while no interference with the drug release was observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Double-layered patches with 1 layer for drug delivery and 1 as gluing interface could represent a solution for safe and controlled local drug delivery from implant surfaces or other, even biological, materials. The technology platform presented here opens the opportunity for personalized medicine by allowing local administration of drugs with customized release based on an intraoperative application.
authors.affiliation: Julius Wolff Institute, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin - Germany.|Berlin-Brandenburg School for Regenerative Therapies, Berlin - Germany.
authors.forename: Branko
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Trajkovski
authors.affiliation: Julius Wolff Institute, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin - Germany.|Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Berlin and Teltow - Germany.
authors.forename: Ansgar
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Petersen
authors.affiliation: Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Berlin and Teltow - Germany.|Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin - Germany.
authors.forename: Carsten
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Perka
authors.affiliation: Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Berlin and Teltow - Germany.|Institute of Biomaterial Science, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Teltow - Germany.
authors.forename: Nico
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Scharnagl
authors.affiliation: Berlin-Brandenburg School for Regenerative Therapies, Berlin - Germany.|Institute of Biomaterial Science, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Teltow - Germany.
authors.forename: Simi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mathew
authors.affiliation: Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Berlin and Teltow - Germany.|Institute of Biomaterial Science, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Teltow - Germany.
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wischke
authors.affiliation: Berlin-Brandenburg School for Regenerative Therapies, Berlin - Germany.|Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Berlin and Teltow - Germany.|Institute of Biomaterial Science, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Teltow - Germany.
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lendlein
authors.affiliation: Julius Wolff Institute, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin - Germany.|Berlin-Brandenburg School for Regenerative Therapies, Berlin - Germany.|Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Berlin and Teltow - Germany.|Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin - Germany.
authors.forename: Georg N
authors.initials: GN
authors.lastname: Duda
mesh_terms: D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D003907:Dexamethasone / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D004343:Drug Implants / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D011100:Polyglycolic Acid / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D000077182:Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer; D011142:Polyvinyl Alcohol / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics
chemical_list: D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D004343:Drug Implants; D000077182:Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer; D011100:Polyglycolic Acid; D019344:Lactic Acid; D003907:Dexamethasone; D011142:Polyvinyl Alcohol