title: Iron deficiency resistance mechanisms enlightened by gene expression analysis in Paenibacillus riograndensis SBR5.
abstract: Despite its importance in growth and cell division, iron metabolism is still poorly understood in microorganisms, especially in Gram-positive bacteria. In this work, we used RNA sequencing technology to elucidate global mechanisms involved in iron starvation resistance in Paenibacillus riograndensis SBR5, a potential plant growth-promoting bacterium. Iron deficiency caused several changes in gene expression, and 150 differentially expressed genes were found: 71 genes were overexpressed and 79 genes were underexpressed. Eight genes for which expression was at least twice as high or twice as low in iron-limited condition compared with iron-sufficient condition were chosen for RT-qPCR analysis to validate the RNA seq data. In general, most genes exhibited the same pattern of expression after 24 h of P. riograndensis growth under iron-limiting condition. Our results suggest that, during iron deficiency, bacteria express several genes related to nutrient uptake when they start to grow to obtain all of the molecules necessary for maintaining major cellular processes. However, once iron becomes highly limiting and is no longer able to sustain exponential growth, bacteria begin to express genes related to several processes, like sporulation and DNA protection, as a way of resisting this stress.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Prédio 43312, CEP 91501-970, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. Electronic address: edilena.sperb.1987@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Edilena Reis
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Sperb
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Centro Politécnico, C. P. 19046, CEP 81531-980, Curitiba, PR, Brazil. Electronic address: miztadra@yahoo.com.br.
authors.forename: Michelle Zibetti
authors.initials: MZ
authors.lastname: Tadra-Sfeir
authors.affiliation: Setor de Genética e Biologia Molecular do Museu de Ciências Naturais (MCN), Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde (CCBS), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia (PPGBiotec), Centro Universitário UNIVATES, Lajeado, RS, Brazil. Electronic address: raulsperotto@yahoo.com.br.
authors.forename: Raul Antônio
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Sperotto
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Prédio 43312, CEP 91501-970, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. Electronic address: gabrieladcf@yahoo.com.br.
authors.forename: Gabriela de Carvalho
authors.initials: Gde C
authors.lastname: Fernandes
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Centro Politécnico, C. P. 19046, CEP 81531-980, Curitiba, PR, Brazil. Electronic address: fpedrosa@ufpr.br.
authors.forename: Fábio de Oliveira
authors.initials: Fde O
authors.lastname: Pedrosa
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Centro Politécnico, C. P. 19046, CEP 81531-980, Curitiba, PR, Brazil. Electronic address: souzaem@ufpr.br.
authors.forename: Emanuel Maltempi
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: de Souza
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Prédio 43312, CEP 91501-970, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. Electronic address: luciane.passaglia@ufrgs.br.
authors.forename: Luciane Maria Pereira
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Passaglia
mesh_terms: D015964:Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; D059014:High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing; D007501:Iron / Q000378:metabolism*; D000090463:Iron Deficiencies; D056507:Paenibacillus / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism*; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
chemical_list: D007501:Iron
keywords: Iron deficiency; Paenibacillus genus; RNA seq; RT-qPCR