title: [Insulitis in type 1 diabetes].
abstract: Insulitis is considered to be the key morphological lesion of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) for which the diagnostic criteria were recently defined. From the immunophenotype of the lymphocytic infiltration, its frequency and extent during the course of T1DM and the presence of autoantibodies against beta cell proteins, it has been deduced that T1DM is a chronic autoimmune disease leading to gradual destruction of the insulin-producing cells of the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas, profound insulin deficiency and chronic hyperglycemia. This review article presents the morphological findings that support this hypothesis and addresses questions that need to be answered in order to further clarify the pathogenesis and to develop specific treatment options.
authors.affiliation: Dept of Pathology, Diabetes Research Center, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussel, Belgien.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: In't Veld
authors.affiliation: Institut für Pathologie, Konsultationszentrum für Pankreas- und endokrine Tumoren, TU, München, Ismaningerstr. 22, 81675, München, Deutschland. guenter.kloeppel@alumni.uni-kiel.de.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Klöppel
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000097:blood; D001327:Autoimmune Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology*; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology*; D050417:Insulin-Secreting Cells / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology*; D007515:Islets of Langerhans / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D018655:Lymphocyte Count; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D001323:Autoantibodies; D007328:Insulin
keywords: Diabetes mellitus, type 1; Morphological findings; Pancreas; Pathogenesis; Therapy