title: ["Holtos," a Patented Medicine of the Late Edo Era--Wrapping Style, Statement of Medicine Efficacy, and Tablet Form].
abstract: Holtos is a medicine that was patented by Kan-sei-do, a pharmacy in Osaka, and sold as a Western medicine from the late Edo era to the Meiji era. It is similar to the patented medicine Uluus, which sold well using the katakana brand name. This article introduces HOLTOS products marketed beginning in the late Edo era and makes a comparative study with Uluus products. The features of Holtos include more indications of what the drug can be used to treat in order to emphasize its versatility. There was also a slight increase in size of the tablet sold at the same price as Uluus, and other improvements such as embossing the name "Holtos" on the surface of the tablet. These reasons lead to the conclusion that Holtos was a patented medicine that imitated Uluus. Furthermore, it has been confirmed that strategic measures were taken by Holtos to outlast competition in the market.
authors.forename: Kayoko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nojiri
mesh_terms: D004348:Drug Labeling / Q000266:history*; D004349:Drug Packaging / Q000266:history*; D049672:History, 19th Century; D004366:Nonprescription Drugs / Q000266:history*; D010330:Patents as Topic; D013607:Tablets
chemical_list: D004366:Nonprescription Drugs; D013607:Tablets