title: Factors influencing the nuclear targeting ability of nuclear localization signals.
abstract: A nuclear localization signal (NLS) is a short amino acid sequence derived from eukaryotic nuclear proteins and viral proteins. Many NLS peptides can efficiently mediate the intranucleus transport of cargo molecules, so they have been widely used for non-viral gene transfer and shown potential ability to improve nuclear delivery of DNA. In order to maximally utilize NLS peptides to enhance gene transfer, several factors such as methods of incorporating NLS peptide, type and property of NLS peptide, number of NLS peptide, and spacer between NLS peptide and DNA should be considered. This review article summarizes how these factors influence the ability of NLS peptides in enhancing non-viral gene delivery and aids in defining the requirements for successful NLS-enhanced transfection.
authors.affiliation: a School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , Shenyang , China.
authors.forename: Yanping
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: a School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , Shenyang , China.
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Xian
authors.affiliation: a School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , Shenyang , China.
authors.forename: Haonan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Xing
authors.affiliation: a School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , Shenyang , China.
authors.forename: Jiankun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: a School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , Shenyang , China.
authors.forename: Zhen
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: b Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences , School of Pharmacy, Husson University , Bangor , ME , USA.
authors.forename: Tianzhi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: a School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , Shenyang , China.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: a School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , Shenyang , China.
authors.forename: Pingtian
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ding
mesh_terms: D021581:Active Transport, Cell Nucleus / Q000235:genetics; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D004247:DNA / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000235:genetics; D004337:Drug Carriers / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity; D018014:Gene Transfer Techniques; D006801:Humans; D019913:Nuclear Localization Signals / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity; D014162:Transfection
chemical_list: D004337:Drug Carriers; D019913:Nuclear Localization Signals; D004247:DNA
keywords: Non-viral gene transfer; nuclear import; nuclear localization signal; transfection efficiency