title: Effect and mechanism of a High Gradient Magnetic Separation (HGMS) and Ultraviolet (UV) composite process on the inactivation of microbes in ballast water.
abstract: The patented technology of a High Gradient Magnetic Separation (HGMS)-Ultraviolet (UV) composite process was used to treat ballast water. Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) was selected as the reference bacteria. After treatment by the HGMS-UV process, the concentration of S. aureus on the log 10 scale was lower than 2 at different flow rates, S. aureus suffered the most serious damage, and K(+) leakage of the bacteria was 1.73mg/L higher than separate 60min UV irradiation (1.17mg/L) and HGMS (0.12mg/L) processes. These results demonstrated that the HGMS-UV composite process was an effective approach to treat ballast water. Further, the HGMS process had synergistic action on the subsequent UV irradiation process and accelerated cell membrane damage. Meanwhile, the results of superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities of bacteria and DNA band analyses indicated that the inactivation mechanisms were different for HGMS and UV irradiation.
authors.affiliation: College of Aerospace and Civil Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China. Electronic address: Renzhijun2003@126.com.
authors.forename: Zhijun
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Ren
authors.affiliation: College of Aerospace and Civil Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China.
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: College of Power and Energy Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China.
authors.forename: Yue
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.affiliation: College of Aerospace and Civil Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China.
authors.forename: Xiaodong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Leng
authors.affiliation: College of Aerospace and Civil Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China.
authors.forename: Jingchao
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shao
mesh_terms: D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000528:radiation effects; D005609:Free Radicals / Q000378:metabolism; D008280:Magnetics; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism / Q000528:radiation effects; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays; D062065:Wastewater / Q000737:chemistry / Q000382:microbiology; D014871:Water Microbiology; D018508:Water Purification / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D005609:Free Radicals; D062065:Wastewater
keywords: Ballast water; High Gradient Magnetic Separation (HGMS)-Ultraviolet (UV) radiation composite process; K(+) leakage; Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity