title: Forsythoside A Controls Influenza A Virus Infection and Improves the Prognosis by Inhibiting Virus Replication in Mice.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was to observe the effects of forsythoside A on controlling influenza A virus (IAV) infection and improving the prognosis of IAV infection.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-eight SPF C57BL/6j mice were randomly divided into the following four groups: Group A: normal control group (normal con); Group B: IAV control group (V con); Group C: IAV+ oseltamivir treatment group (V oseltamivir; 0.78 mg/mL, 0.2 mL/mouse/day); Group D: IAV+ forsythoside A treatment group (V FTA; 2 μg/mL, 0.2 mL/mouse/day). Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) was used to measure mRNA expression of the TLR7, MyD88, TRAF6, IRAK4 and NF-κB p65 mRNA in TLR7 signaling pathway and the virus replication level in lung. Western blot was used to measure TLR7, MyD88 and NF-κB p65 protein. Flow cytometry was used to detect the proportion of the T cell subsets Th1/Th2 and Th17/Treg.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The body weight began to decrease after IAV infection, while FTA and oseltamivir could reduce the rate of body weight loss. The pathological damages in the FTA and oseltamivir group were less serious. TLR7, MyD88, TRAF6, IRAK4 and NF-κB p65 mRNA were up-regulated after virus infection (p < 0.01) while down-regulated after oseltamivir and FTA treatment (p < 0.01). The results of TLR7, MyD88 and NF-κB p65 protein consisted with correlative mRNA. Flow cytometry showed the Th1/Th2 differentiated towards Th2, and the Th17/Treg cells differentiated towards Treg after FTA treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study suggests forsythoside A can control influenza A virus infection and improve the prognosis of IAV infection by inhibiting influenza A virus replication.
authors.affiliation: Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China. dengli@stu2015.jnu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Deng
authors.affiliation: Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China. pangpeng@stu2014.jnu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Peng
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pang
authors.affiliation: Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China. zhengke@stu2014.jnu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Ke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.affiliation: Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China. 18819351723@163.com.
authors.forename: Jiao
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nie
authors.affiliation: Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China. xuhuachong@stu2015.jnu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Huachong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China. wusizhi@stu2015.jnu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Sizhi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China. fredy212@foxmail.com.
authors.forename: Jia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China. tchenxiaoyin@jnu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Xiaoyin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D006027:Glycosides / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D009980:Influenza A virus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D008168:Lung / Q000821:virology; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000235:genetics*; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009976:Orthomyxoviridae Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics / Q000662:veterinary; D053139:Oseltamivir / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D011379:Prognosis; D011897:Random Allocation; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000662:veterinary; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D051199:Toll-Like Receptor 7 / Q000235:genetics*; D014779:Virus Replication / Q000187:drug effects*; D015431:Weight Loss / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000998:Antiviral Agents; D006027:Glycosides; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; C477038:Tlr7 protein, mouse; D051199:Toll-Like Receptor 7; D053139:Oseltamivir; C058049:forsythiaside
keywords: TLR7 signaling pathway; forsythoside A; influenza A virus infection; oseltamivir