title: β1 Tubulin Rather Than β2 Tubulin Is the Preferred Binding Target for Carbendazim in Fusarium graminearum.
abstract: Tubulins are the proposed target of anticancer drugs, anthelminthics, and fungicides. In Fusarium graminearum, β2 tubulin has been reported to be the binding target of methyl benzimidazole carbamate (MBC) fungicides. However, the function of F. graminearum β1 tubulin, which shares 76% amino acid sequence identity with β2 tubulin, in MBC sensitivity has been unclear. In this study, MBC sensitivity relative to that of a parental strain (2021) was significantly reduced in a β1 tubulin deletion strain but increased in a β2 tubulin deletion strain, suggesting that β1 tubulin was involved in the MBC sensitivity of F. graminearum. When strain 2021 was grown in a medium with a low or high concentration of the MBC fungicide carbendazim (0.5 or 1.4 μg/ml), the protein accumulation levels were reduced by 47 and 87%, respectively, for β1 tubulin but only by 6 and 24%, respectively, for β2 tubulin. This result was consistent with observations that MBC fungicides are more likely to disrupt β1 tubulin microtubules rather than β2 tubulin microtubules in GFP-β tubulin fusion mutants in vivo. Furthermore, sequence analysis indicated that a difference in tubulin amino acid 240 (240L in β1 versus 240F in β2) may explain the difference in MBC binding affinity; this result was consistent with the result that an F240L mutation in β2 tubulin greatly increased sensitivity to carbendazim in F. graminearum. We suggest that β1 tubulin rather than β2 tubulin is the preferred binding target for MBC fungicides in F. graminearum.
authors.affiliation: College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Pesticide, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, 210095, China.
authors.forename: Yujun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Pesticide, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, 210095, China.
authors.forename: Yuanye
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Pesticide, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, 210095, China.
authors.forename: Yanjun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Pesticide, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, 210095, China.
authors.forename: Yabing
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Duan
authors.affiliation: College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Pesticide, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, 210095, China.
authors.forename: Rongsheng
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Pesticide, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, 210095, China.
authors.forename: Mingguo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhou
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000918:Antibody Specificity; D001562:Benzimidazoles / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002219:Carbamates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005656:Fungal Proteins / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D005659:Fungicides, Industrial / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005670:Fusarium / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics; D017930:Genes, Reporter; D008870:Microtubules / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D009154:Mutation; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000382:microbiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D014404:Tubulin / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D001562:Benzimidazoles; D002219:Carbamates; D005656:Fungal Proteins; D005659:Fungicides, Industrial; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D014404:Tubulin; C036868:methyl carbamate; C031000:benzimidazole; C006698:carbendazim
keywords: benzimidazole resistance; drug-binding affinity