title: Yeast culture collections in the twenty-first century: new opportunities and challenges.
abstract: The twenty-first century has brought new opportunities and challenges to yeast culture collections, whether they are long-standing or recently established. Basic functions such as archiving, characterizing and distributing yeasts continue, but with expanded responsibilities and emerging opportunities. In addition to a number of well-known, large public repositories, there are dozens of smaller public collections that differ in the range of species and strains preserved, field of emphasis and services offered. Several collections have converted their catalogues to comprehensive databases and synchronize them continuously through public services, making it easier for users worldwide to locate a suitable source for specific yeast strains and the data associated with these yeasts. In-house research such as yeast taxonomy continues to be important at culture collections. Because yeast culture collections preserve a broad diversity of species and strains within a species, they are able to make discoveries in many other areas as well, such as biotechnology, functional, comparative and evolution genomics, bioprocesses and novel products. Due to the implementation of the Convention of Biological Diversity (CBD) and the Nagoya Protocol (NP), there are new requirements for both depositors and users to ensure that yeasts were collected following proper procedures and to guarantee that the country of origin will be considered if benefits arise from a yeast's utilization. Intellectual property rights (IPRs) are extremely relevant to the current access and benefit-sharing (ABS) mechanisms; most research and development involving genetic resources and associated traditional knowledge will be subject to this topic. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
authors.affiliation: Phaff Yeast Culture Collection. Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Kyria L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Boundy-Mills
authors.affiliation: World Intellectual Property Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Ewald
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Glantschnig
authors.affiliation: National Collection of Yeast Cultures, Institute of Food Research, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK.
authors.forename: Ian N
authors.initials: IN
authors.lastname: Roberts
authors.affiliation: Leibniz Institute DSMZ - German Collection of Micro-organisms and Cell Cultures, Braunschweig, Germany.
authors.forename: Andrey
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-1072-5166
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yurkov
authors.affiliation: Micalis Institute INRA, AgroParisTech, CIRM-Levures, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, Thiverval-Grignon, France.
authors.forename: Serge
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Casaregola
authors.affiliation: Mycothéque de l'Université Catholique de Louvain (BCCM/MUCL), Earth and Life Institute, Applied Microbiology, Laboratory of Mycology, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
authors.forename: Heide-Marie
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Daniel
authors.affiliation: CBS Fungal Biodiversity Centre (CBS-KNAW), Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Marizeth
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Groenewald
authors.affiliation: Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Science, Industrial Yeasts Collection DBVPG, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.
authors.forename: Benedetta
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Turchetti
mesh_terms: D044822:Biodiversity; D018070:Biological Specimen Banks / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence / Q000639:trends*; D001709:Biotechnology; D023281:Genomics / Q000639:trends; D007391:International Cooperation; D015003:Yeasts / Q000145:classification* / Q000166:cytology / Q000235:genetics
keywords: Convention of Biological Diversity; Nagoya Protocol; culture collection; yeast biotechnology; yeasts