title: Does "transition shoe" promote an intermediate biomechanical condition compared to running in conventional shoe and in reduced protection condition?
abstract: This study evaluated if running in a "transition shoe" commercially available results in intermediate mechanical load upon lower extremities compared to conventional shoe and minimalist shoe/barefoot. Kinematic and kinetic parameters while running in different shoe conditions were compared. Fourteen runners (12 men, 2 women; age=28.4±7.3 years), inexperienced in minimalist shoes and barefoot running, ran on an instrumented treadmill within four experimental conditions (conventional shoe - CS, transition shoe - TrS, minimalist shoe - MS, and barefoot - BF). Running was performed at 9km/h for 10min in each experimental condition. Vertical ground reaction force (VGRF) and two-dimensional kinematic variables of lower limbs (both legs) were recorded. Nine data acquisitions (10s) were conducted for each footwear condition. Transition shoe lead to significant changes in VGRF variables related to impact control, while kinematic parameters were little affected. The TrS had smaller first peak of VGRF (Fy1) than CS (p≤0.001) and higher than MS (p=0.050) and BF (p≤0.001). Time to first peak of VGRF (tFy1) of TrS was smaller than CS (p≤0.001) and higher than MS (p≤0.001) and BF (p≤0.001). The TrS and MS induced to lesser knee flexion (p<0.001) and greater dorsiflexion (p<0.001) than CS and BF. Thus, results suggest the transition shoe (TrS) tested seem to promote an intermediate mechanical load condition only for VGRF parameters, presenting values of impact forces between those found for conventional shoe and minimalist shoe/barefoot. Such knowledge could be useful for the transition process from conventional running shoe to minimalist shoe/barefoot.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Biomechanics, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, 65 Professor Mello Moraes Avenue, Butantã, São Paulo 05508-030, Brazil. Electronic address: anaazevedo@usp.br.
authors.forename: Ana Paula
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: da Silva Azevedo
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Biomechanics, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, 65 Professor Mello Moraes Avenue, Butantã, São Paulo 05508-030, Brazil.
authors.forename: Bruno
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Mezêncio
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Biomechanics, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, 65 Professor Mello Moraes Avenue, Butantã, São Paulo 05508-030, Brazil.
authors.forename: Raísa
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Valvassori
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Biomechanics, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, 65 Professor Mello Moraes Avenue, Butantã, São Paulo 05508-030, Brazil.
authors.forename: Luis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mochizuki
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Biomechanics, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, 65 Professor Mello Moraes Avenue, Butantã, São Paulo 05508-030, Brazil.
authors.forename: Alberto Carlos
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Amadio
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Biomechanics, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, 65 Professor Mello Moraes Avenue, Butantã, São Paulo 05508-030, Brazil.
authors.forename: Júlio Cerca
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Serrão
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D001703:Biophysics; D005080:Exercise Test; D005260:Female; D005528:Foot / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007700:Kinetics; D035002:Lower Extremity; D008297:Male; D012420:Running / Q000502:physiology*; D012775:Shoes; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Barefoot; Biomechanics; Ground reaction force; Kinematic; Minimalist