title: Microstructural and micromechanical tests of titanium biomaterials intended for prosthetic reconstructions.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the present paper was a question of structural identification and evaluation of strength parameters of Titanium (Ticp - grade 2) and its alloy (Ti6Al4V) which are used to serve as a base for those permanent prosthetic supplements which are later manufactured employing CAD/CAM systems.
  
  
  METHODS
  Microstructural tests of Ticp and Ti6Al4V were conducted using an optical microscope as well as a scanning microscope. Hardness was measured with the Vickers method. Micromechanical properties of samples: microhardness and Young's modulus value, were measured with the Oliver and Pharr method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Based on studies using optical microscopy it was observed that the Ticp from the milling technology had a single phase, granular microstructure. The Ti64 alloy had a two-phase, fine-grained microstructure with an acicular-lamellar character. The results of scanning tests show that titanium Ticp had a single phase structure. On its grain there was visible acicular martensite. The structure of the two phase Ti64 alloy consists of a β matrix as well as released α phase deposits in the shape of extended needles. Micromechanical tests demonstrated that the alloy of Ti64 in both methods showed twice as high the microhardness as Ticp. In studies of Young's modulus of Ti64 alloy DMLS technology have lower value than titanium milling technology.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  According to the results obtained, the following conclusion has been drawn: when strength aspect is discussed, the DMLS method is a preferred one in manufacturing load structures in dentistry and may be an alternate way for the CAD/CAM system used in decrement processing.
authors.affiliation: AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Robotics, Kraków, Poland.
authors.forename: Anna M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Ryniewicz
authors.affiliation: AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Robotics, Kraków, Poland.
authors.forename: Łukasz
authors.initials: Ł
authors.lastname: Bojko
authors.affiliation: Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Kraków, Poland.
authors.forename: Wojciech I
authors.initials: WI
authors.lastname: Ryniewicz
mesh_terms: D000497:Alloys; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry*; D008422:Materials Testing / Q000379:methods*; D055595:Mechanical Phenomena; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D019736:Prostheses and Implants; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000497:Alloys; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; C031462:titanium alloy (TiAl6V4); D014025:Titanium