title: Effects of cyclodextrins on the structure of LDL and its susceptibility to copper-induced oxidation.
abstract: Cyclodextrins (CDs) have long been widely used as drug/food carriers and were recently developed as drugs for the treatment of diseases (e.g. Niemann-Pick C1 and cancers). It is unknown whether cyclodextrins may influence the structure of low-density lipoprotein (LDL), its susceptibility to oxidation, and atherogenesis. In this study, four widely used cyclodextrins including α-CD, γ-CD, and two derivatives of β-CD (HPβCD and MβCD) were recruited. Interestingly, agarose gel electrophoresis (staining lipid and protein components of LDL with Sudan Black B and Coomassie brilliant blue, respectively but simultaneously) shows that cyclodextrins at relatively high concentrations caused disappearance of the LDL band and/or appearance of an additional protein-free lipid band, implying that cyclodextrins at relatively high concentrations can induce significant electrophoresis-detectable lipid depletion of LDL. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) detected that MβCD (as a representative of cyclodextrins) induced size decrease of LDL particles in a dose-dependent manner, further confirming the lipid depletion effects of cyclodextrins. Moreover, the data from agarose gel electrophoresis, conjugated diene formation, MDA production, and amino group blockage of copper-oxidized LDL show that cyclodextrins can impair LDL susceptibility to oxidation. It implies that cyclodextrins probably help to inhibit atherogenesis by lowering LDL oxidation.
authors.affiliation: Nanoscale Science and Technology Laboratory, Institute for Advanced Study, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031, PR China; Department of Pharmacy, Science and Technology College, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330025, PR China; College of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031, PR China.
authors.forename: Meiying
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ao
authors.affiliation: Nanoscale Science and Technology Laboratory, Institute for Advanced Study, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031, PR China; College of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031, PR China.
authors.forename: Chaoye
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gan
authors.affiliation: School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330025, PR China.
authors.forename: Wenxiang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Shao
authors.affiliation: Nanoscale Science and Technology Laboratory, Institute for Advanced Study, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031, PR China; College of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031, PR China.
authors.forename: Xing
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Nanoscale Science and Technology Laboratory, Institute for Advanced Study, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031, PR China; College of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031, PR China. Electronic address: dr_yongchen@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000596:Amino Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D003300:Copper / Q000737:chemistry*; D003505:Cyclodextrins / Q000737:chemistry*; D004587:Electrophoresis, Agar Gel; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL / Q000737:chemistry*; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000737:chemistry; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D003505:Cyclodextrins; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D003300:Copper
keywords: Atherosclerosis; Atomic force microscopy (AFM); Cyclodextrin; LDL oxidation; Low-density lipoprotein (LDL)