title: Risk factors in patients with oral pemphigus vulgaris: a case-control study.
abstract: Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) is considered a chronic disease with a potentially fatal outcome. Studies have suggested that environmental factors and personal habits play an important role in the pathogenesis of PV, but more studies are required to elaborate their connection to the disease. The goal of this multicenter case-control study was to determine some of the environmental factors related to PV. Cases (n = 99) were patients with PV, and controls (n = 198) were individuals who did not have PV. Data about demographics, history, clinical findings, occupational exposures to pesticides, smoking status, number of births (parity), herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection, and fast food consumption were collected using a structured questionnaire. Chi-square and logistic regression analyses were used for data analysis. Univariate logistic regression analysis indicated that the statistically significant factors related to PV were infection with HSV in recent weeks (odds ratio [OR], 3.35; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.75-6.43), parity (OR, 0.50; 95% CI, 0.39-0.63), and lack of occupational exposure to pesticides (OR, 0.36; 95% CI, 0.21-0.60). Multivariate analysis revealed that significant factors were cessation of smoking (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 4.36; 95% CI, 1.50-12.66), HSV infection (AOR, 2.91; 95% CI, 1.47-5.75), and lack of occupational exposure to pesticides (AOR, 0.35; 95% CI, 0.20-0.63). The findings indicated that cessation of smoking and HSV infection in recent weeks are risk factors for PV, while lack of occupational exposure to pesticides and increasing parity (a greater number of births) are protective factors against PV.
authors.forename: Mahin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bakhshi
authors.forename: Soheila
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Manifar
authors.forename: Nemat
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Azizi
authors.forename: Hamid
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Asayesh
authors.forename: Parvin
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mansouri
authors.forename: Soheila
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nasiri
authors.forename: Zeynab
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Hashemi
authors.forename: Aida
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mehdipour
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D057140:Fast Foods / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D006561:Herpes Simplex / Q000150:complications; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009059:Mouth Diseases / Q000209:etiology*; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects; D010298:Parity; D010392:Pemphigus / Q000209:etiology*; D010575:Pesticides / Q000009:adverse effects; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D010575:Pesticides
keywords: Iran; case-control study; pemphigus vulgaris; risk factors