title: Can a good tree bring forth evil fruit? The funding of medical research by industry.
abstract: Systematic reviews analysing the influence of funding on the conduct of research have shown how Conflicts of Interest (COIs) create bias in the production and dissemination of data.
  
  
  
  The following is a critical analysis of current opinions in respect to COIs created by industry funding of medical research in academic institutions.
  
  
  
  Effective mechanisms are necessary to manage COIs in medical research, and to prohibit COIs that clearly affect validity of research conduct and outcomes.
  
  
  
  While most hold that industry investment in university research is not a barrier to good science, there are questions about how securing funding opportunities might be prioritized over the risks of potential COIs. It is argued that COIs are inherent risks to research integrity, requiring the strengthening of current governance frameworks.
  
  
  
  The focus on COIs, created by the ostensibly categorical actions of industry, challenges the evolving research priorities within academic institutions.
  
  
  
  Less well-defined COIs are equally culpable to financial ones, in terms of the systemic damage they do to science. So, are they appropriately managed as risks within university research settings?
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioethics, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, 5849 University Avenue, Room C-312, CRC Bldg, PO Box 15000, Halifax NS, B3H 4R2, Canada Benjamin.Capps@dal.ca.
authors.forename: Benjamin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Capps
mesh_terms: D000047:Academies and Institutes / Q000191:economics / Q000941:ethics; D035843:Biomedical Research / Q000191:economics* / Q000941:ethics*; D032781:Codes of Ethics; D016265:Conflict of Interest / Q000191:economics; D004345:Drug Industry / Q000191:economics* / Q000941:ethics*; D006801:Humans; D033181:Information Dissemination / Q000941:ethics; D012109:Research Support as Topic / Q000941:ethics*; D019460:Tobacco Industry / Q000191:economics / Q000941:ethics
keywords: Conflicts of Interest; Tobacco Industry; bias; funding effect; industry; misconduct; pharmaceutical industry; public; university