title: Vascular risk factors and progression of white matter hyperintensities in the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936.
abstract: We aimed to determine associations between multiple vascular risk factors (VRF) at ∼73 years and progression of white matter hyperintensities (WMH) from ∼73 years to ∼76 years. We calculated correlations and generalized estimating equation models of a comprehensive range of VRF at 73 years and change in WMH volume from 73 years to 76 years. Higher systolic (rho = 0.126, p = 0.009) and diastolic (rho = 0.120, p = 0.013) blood pressure at 73 years were significant predictors for greater WMH volume at 76 years in a simple correlation model. However, neither measured blood pressure nor self-reported hypertension at 73 years was significant predictors of WMH volume change in a fully adjusted model which accounted for initial WMH volume at 73 years. Lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (beta = -0.15 % intracranial, -1.80 mL; p < 0.05) and current smoking (beta = 0.43 % intracranial, 5.49 mL; p < 0.05) were the only significant VRF predictors of WMH volume change from 73 years to 76 years. A focus on smoking cessation and lipid lowering, not just antihypertensives, may lead to a reduction in WMH growth in the eighth decade of life.
authors.affiliation: Brain Research Imaging Centre, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; Neuroimaging Sciences, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; Scottish Imaging Network, A Platform for Scientific Excellence (SINAPSE) Collaboration, Glasgow, United Kingodm.
authors.forename: David Alexander
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Dickie
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
authors.forename: Stuart J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Ritchie
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
authors.forename: Simon R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Cox
authors.affiliation: Brain Research Imaging Centre, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; Neuroimaging Sciences, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; Scottish Imaging Network, A Platform for Scientific Excellence (SINAPSE) Collaboration, Glasgow, United Kingodm.
authors.forename: Eleni
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sakka
authors.affiliation: Brain Research Imaging Centre, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; Neuroimaging Sciences, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; Scottish Imaging Network, A Platform for Scientific Excellence (SINAPSE) Collaboration, Glasgow, United Kingodm.
authors.forename: Natalie A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Royle
authors.affiliation: Brain Research Imaging Centre, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; Neuroimaging Sciences, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; Scottish Imaging Network, A Platform for Scientific Excellence (SINAPSE) Collaboration, Glasgow, United Kingodm.
authors.forename: Benjamin S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Aribisala
authors.affiliation: Brain Research Imaging Centre, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; Neuroimaging Sciences, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; Scottish Imaging Network, A Platform for Scientific Excellence (SINAPSE) Collaboration, Glasgow, United Kingodm.
authors.forename: Maria Del C
authors.initials: Mdel C
authors.lastname: Valdés Hernández
authors.affiliation: Brain Research Imaging Centre, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; Neuroimaging Sciences, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; Scottish Imaging Network, A Platform for Scientific Excellence (SINAPSE) Collaboration, Glasgow, United Kingodm.
authors.forename: Susana Muñoz
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Maniega
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
authors.forename: Alison
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pattie
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
authors.forename: Janie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Corley
authors.affiliation: Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; Alzheimer Scotland Dementia Research Centre, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
authors.forename: John M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Starr
authors.affiliation: Brain Research Imaging Centre, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; Neuroimaging Sciences, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; Scottish Imaging Network, A Platform for Scientific Excellence (SINAPSE) Collaboration, Glasgow, United Kingodm; Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
authors.forename: Mark E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Bastin
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
authors.forename: Ian J
authors.initials: IJ
authors.lastname: Deary
authors.affiliation: Brain Research Imaging Centre, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; Neuroimaging Sciences, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; Scottish Imaging Network, A Platform for Scientific Excellence (SINAPSE) Collaboration, Glasgow, United Kingodm; Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK. Electronic address: joanna.wardlaw@ed.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Joanna M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Wardlaw
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000375:Aging / Q000473:pathology*; D001794:Blood Pressure; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000172:deficiency; D015331:Cohort Studies; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D015233:Models, Statistical; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects; D066127:White Matter / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: D008076:Cholesterol, HDL
keywords: Aging; MRI; Vascular risk factors; White matter damage; White matter hyperintensities