title: Marine debris ingestion and Thayer's law - The importance of plastic color.
abstract: In recent years marine plastic pollution has gained considerable attention as a significant threat to marine animals. Despite the abundant literature related to marine debris ingestion, only a few studies attempted to understand the factors involved in debris ingestion. Plastic ingestion is commonly attributed to visual similarities of plastic fragments to animal's prey items, such as plastic bags and jellyfish. However, this simple explanation is not always coherent with the variety of debris items ingested and with the species' main prey items. We assess differences in the conspicuousness of plastic debris related to their color using Thayer's law to infer the likelihood that visual foragers detect plastic fragments. We hypothesize that marine animals that perceive floating plastic from below should preferentially ingest dark plastic fragments, whereas animals that perceive floating plastic from above should select for paler plastic fragments.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Oceanografia e Ecologia, CCHN, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Animal, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brazil; Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Maceió, AL, Brazil. Electronic address: robsongsantos@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Robson G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Oceanografia e Ecologia, CCHN, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Animal, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ryan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Andrades
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Oceanografia e Ecologia, CCHN, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brazil.
authors.forename: Lorena M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Fardim
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Oceanografia e Ecologia, CCHN, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brazil.
authors.forename: Agnaldo Silva
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Martins
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003116:Color; D004435:Eating; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D016013:Likelihood Functions; D010969:Plastics; D014426:Turtles / Q000502:physiology*; D014866:Waste Products; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical
chemical_list: D010969:Plastics; D014866:Waste Products; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical
keywords: Anthropogenic debris; Plastic ingestion; Plastic pollution; Sea turtles; Seabirds; Thayer's law