title: Trace metals in resuspended fraction of settled bus dust and assessment of non-occupational exposure.
abstract: Trace metals (TMs) within urban public transportation systems have rarely been studied and information on related health risks is scant. This study measured TM (arsenic, chromium, cadmium, nickel, zinc, copper and lead) concentrations in resuspended fractions of settled bus dust in Harbin, China, and estimated the exposure and health risks. The incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) for commuters was estimated for TM exposures. The average concentration of total TMs was 559μg/g (ranges from 312 to 787) among 45 bus routes in Harbin. The hazard quotient of three selected commuter groups increased in the following order: teenagers<children<adults. Pb had the highest hazard index among six non-carcinogenic risk TMs. The ILCR for passengers was estimated for TM exposure and was shown to be acceptable (1.00E-07-1.00E-05); the sequence of ILCR assessments followed this ascending trend: ingestion>dermal contact>inhalation.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China.
authors.forename: Tingting
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lei
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China. Electronic address: abcgp2006@163.com.
authors.forename: Peng
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: Environmental Monitoring Centre of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin 150056, China.
authors.forename: Liming
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Jia
authors.affiliation: China National Environmental Monitoring Centre, Beijing 100012, China.
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China.
authors.forename: Binyu
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: School of Transportation Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China.
authors.forename: Longhai
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China. Electronic address: yujief@hit.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Yujie
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Feng
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D001151:Arsenic / Q000032:analysis; D002104:Cadmium / Q000032:analysis; D002648:Child; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D002857:Chromium / Q000032:analysis; D003300:Copper / Q000032:analysis; D004391:Dust / Q000032:analysis*; D004435:Eating; D006801:Humans; D019570:Inhalation Exposure / Q000032:analysis*; D007854:Lead / Q000032:analysis; D008670:Metals / Q000032:analysis*; D018986:Motor Vehicles; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology*; D009532:Nickel / Q000032:analysis; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012867:Skin / Q000737:chemistry; D055815:Young Adult; D015032:Zinc / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D004391:Dust; D008670:Metals; D002104:Cadmium; D002857:Chromium; D007854:Lead; D003300:Copper; D009532:Nickel; D015032:Zinc; D001151:Arsenic
keywords: Commuter exposure; Ingestion; Microenvironment of bus; Particle size; Potential carcinogen metal; Risk assessment