title: Explaining the Red Fluorescence Evident on the Surface of Failed Dental Implants: Case Reports.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  It is important to identify the reasons for implant failure when planning future dental treatment. No studies have distinguished the factors that affect implant failure by evaluating the appearance of failed fixtures.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study investigated these factors by evaluating the surface of implant fixtures using quantitative light-induced fluorescence-digital (QLF-D), which involves detecting the red fluorescence emitted by porphyrin metabolized by oral bacteria in a mature biofilm.
  
  
  METHODS
  The areas of red fluorescence in QLF-D images obtained from all aspects of the fixture surface were then analyzed using quantitative analysis software.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Red fluorescence was evident on the surface of implants that failed after at least 2 years of occlusal loading and exhibited severe bone loss. Implants with no fluorescence exhibited a clean surface in blue-light images, and the bone loss could not be observed radiographically.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The cases presented that failed dental implant surfaces caused by periimplantitis can be detected by the red fluorescence evident as QLF-D.
authors.affiliation: *Graduate Student, Department of Preventive Dentistry & Public Oral Health, BK 21 PLUS Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea. †Assistant Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea. ‡Professor, Department of Preventive Dentistry & Public Oral Health, BK 21 PLUS Project, Oral Science Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Hye-Min
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Ku
authors.forename: Mi-Kyoung
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Jun
authors.forename: Jee-Hwan
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Ho-Keun
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.forename: Baek-Il
authors.initials: BI
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D018441:Biofilms; D015921:Dental Implants / Q000009:adverse effects*; D019232:Dental Restoration Failure; D005453:Fluorescence; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D057873:Peri-Implantitis / Q000175:diagnosis; D023861:Photography, Dental / Q000379:methods; D013499:Surface Properties
chemical_list: D015921:Dental Implants