title: Blood brain barrier: An overview on strategies in drug delivery, realistic in vitro modeling and in vivo live tracking.
abstract: Blood brain barrier (BBB) is a group of astrocytes, neurons and endothelial cells, which makes restricted passage of various biological or chemical entities to the brain tissue. It gives protection to brain at one hand, but at the other hand it has very selective permeability for bio-actives and other foreign materials and is one of the major challenges for the drug delivery. Nanocarriers are promising to cross BBB utilizing alternative route of administration such as intranasal and intra-carotid drug delivery which bypasses BBB. In future more optimized drug delivery system can be achieved by compiling the best routes with the best carriers. Single photon emission tomography (SPECT) and different brain-on-a-chip in vitro models are being very reliable to study live in vivo tracking of BBB and its pathophysiology, respectively. In the current review we have tried to exploit mechanistically all these to understand and manage the various BBB disruptions in diseased condition along with crossing the hurdles occurring in drug or gene delivery across BBB.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy; School of Chemical Sciences and Pharmacy, Central University of Rajasthan ; Ajmer; Rajasthan, India.
authors.forename: Pawan Kumar
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Pandey
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy; School of Chemical Sciences and Pharmacy, Central University of Rajasthan ; Ajmer; Rajasthan, India.
authors.forename: Ashok Kumar
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy; School of Chemical Sciences and Pharmacy, Central University of Rajasthan ; Ajmer; Rajasthan, India.
authors.forename: Umesh
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Gupta
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001812:Blood-Brain Barrier / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D002199:Capillary Permeability; D004337:Drug Carriers / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D006801:Humans
chemical_list: D004337:Drug Carriers
keywords: blood brain barrier (BBB); brain on a chip; central nervous system; nanocarrier; strategies; tight junction