title: Craniofacial CT findings of Gorham-Stout disease and generalized lymphatic anomaly.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The present study aimed to assess the craniofacial CT imaging features for differentiating between Gorham-Stout disease (GSD) and generalized lymphatic anomaly (GLA).
  
  
  METHODS
  Seven patients with GSD and four patients with GLA were included in this study. All patients underwent CT examinations that encompassed the craniofacial bones. The presence, distribution, and type of craniofacial osteolysis were assessed. The clinical symptoms that were associated with craniofacial osteolysis were also reviewed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Craniofacial osteolysis including cranial osteolysis was seen in four of seven (57 %) patients with GSD and in three of four (75 %) patients with GLA. Facial osteolysis was seen in two (29 %) patients with GSD, but this was not observed in patients with GLA. Among patients with craniofacial osteolysis, those with GSD showed diffuse involvement, whereas those with GLA showed multifocal involvement. The craniofacial osteolysis of GSD could be classified into three patterns: medullary involvement, thinning bone, and disappearing bone. The clinical symptoms of craniofacial osteolysis were observed in all patients with GSD but were not present in patients with GLA.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Craniofacial involvement was observed in both groups. The craniofacial osteolysis of GSD showed diffuse involvement with clinical symptoms, whereas that of GLA showed multifocal involvement without clinical symptoms.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Gifu University School of Medicine, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan. hkato@gifu-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Hiroki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Gifu University School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan.
authors.forename: Michio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ozeki
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Gifu University School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan.
authors.forename: Toshiyuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fukao
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Gifu University School of Medicine, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan.
authors.forename: Masayuki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Matsuo
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D019465:Craniofacial Abnormalities / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005147:Facial Bones / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D044148:Lymphatic Abnormalities / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D008297:Male; D010015:Osteolysis, Essential / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D012886:Skull / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: CT; Craniofacial; Generalized lymphatic anomaly; Gorham–Stout disease; Osteolysis