title: Change in chemotherapy during concurrent radiation followed by surgery after a suboptimal positron emission tomography response to induction chemotherapy improves outcomes for locally advanced esophageal adenocarcinoma.
abstract: A positron emission tomography (PET) scan after induction chemotherapy before preoperative chemoradiation and surgery for esophageal adenocarcinoma predicts outcomes. Some patients with progression on PET after induction chemotherapy had long-term overall survival (OS) when they were changed to alternative chemotherapy during radiation.
  
  
  
  This study retrospectively reviewed esophageal adenocarcinoma patients who received induction chemotherapy and chemoradiation before planned surgery; all had undergone a PET scan before and after induction chemotherapy.
  
  
  
  There were 201 patients, and 113 (56%) were PET responders (≥35% decrease in the maximum standardized uptake value of the tumor). All PET responders received the same chemotherapy during radiation, whereas 38 of the 88 PET nonresponders (43%) changed chemotherapy. Among the 152 patients who underwent surgery, the pathologic complete response rate was 15% for PET responders and 3% for PET nonresponders who did not change chemotherapy (P = .046). The median progression-free survival (PFS; 18.9 vs 10.0 months, P < 0.01) and OS (37 vs 25.3 months, P = .02) were significantly better for PET responders versus PET nonresponders who did not change chemotherapy. The median PFS for PET nonresponders who changed chemotherapy was 17.9 months, and it was superior to the median PFS for PET nonresponders who did not change chemotherapy (P = .01). For PET nonresponders, the 5-year OS rates were 37% for those who changed chemotherapy and 25% for those who did not change chemotherapy (P = .18).
  
  
  
  A PET scan after induction chemotherapy predicts outcomes for locally advanced esophageal adenocarcinoma patients who undergo chemoradiation and surgery. The median PFS is improved, and trends toward improved OS appear possible in PET nonresponders who change chemotherapy during radiation. The fully accrued Cancer and Leukemia Group B 80803 study (NCT01333033) is evaluating this strategy. Cancer 2016;122:2083-90. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
authors.affiliation: Gastrointestinal Oncology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.
authors.forename: Geoffrey Y
authors.initials: GY
authors.lastname: Ku
authors.affiliation: Department of Hematology/Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.
authors.forename: Anuja
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kriplani
authors.affiliation: Gastrointestinal Oncology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.
authors.forename: Yelena Y
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Janjigian
authors.affiliation: Gastrointestinal Oncology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.
authors.forename: David P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Kelsen
authors.affiliation: Thoracic Surgery Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.
authors.forename: Valerie W
authors.initials: VW
authors.lastname: Rusch
authors.affiliation: Thoracic Surgery Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.
authors.forename: Manjit
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bains
authors.affiliation: Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.
authors.forename: Joanne
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chou
authors.affiliation: Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.
authors.forename: Marinela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Capanu
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.
authors.forename: Abraham J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Denver, Colorado.
authors.forename: Karyn A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Goodman
authors.affiliation: Gastrointestinal Oncology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.
authors.forename: David H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Ilson
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000628:therapy*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D060828:Induction Chemotherapy / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020360:Neoadjuvant Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography / Q000379:methods*; D011878:Radiotherapy; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: chemoradiation; chemotherapy; esophageal adenocarcinoma; induction; positron emission tomography (PET) scan