title: Serum levels of HSP70 and other DAMP proteins can aid in patient diagnosis after traumatic injury.
abstract: Danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) are activated by endogenous signals that originate from stressed, injured, or necrotic cells, signifying "danger" to the host. In this study, we evaluated the expression of the DAMP heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) in trauma patients with and without secondary infections. Levels of glucose (GLU), procalcitonin (PCT), total cholesterol (T-Chol), and white blood cell (WBC) counts were also evaluated at three time stages after trauma. Our analysis showed that the levels of serum HSP70 in patients with minor, moderate, and severe injuries were significantly higher than in healthy patients at each time point post-injury (P < 0.01), and levels of serum HSP70 in the severe injury group were significantly higher than in the minor injury group at 1-6 h after trauma (P = 0.047). HSP70 was correlated with GLU and was negatively correlated with T-Chol in the period 1-6 h after injury (P = 0.008/0.032). WBC and GLU were elevated after trauma, with mutual positive correlation (P < 0.001). PCT levels increased later than WBC counts and GLU levels; these levels were correlated at the two later time periods, 24-48 h and 60-90 h (P = 0.008/0.041). PCT continued to rise in patients with secondary infection, but PCT dropped at the third time period in patients without secondary infection. In summary, our results suggest that danger and stress theory can be used to predict severity of trauma.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Laboratory, Hunan Provincial Second People's Hospital, 427 of Furong road of Changsha, Changsha, Hunan, 410007, China. 13808481211@163.com.|Clinical Medical School, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410007, China. 13808481211@163.com.|Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, China. 13808481211@163.com.
authors.forename: Biqiong
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ren
authors.affiliation: Clinical Laboratory, Hunan Provincial Second People's Hospital, 427 of Furong road of Changsha, Changsha, Hunan, 410007, China.|Clinical Medical School, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410007, China.|Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, China.
authors.forename: Guoying
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zou
authors.affiliation: Clinical Medical School, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410007, China.
authors.forename: Yiran
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Clinical Laboratory, Hunan Provincial Second People's Hospital, 427 of Furong road of Changsha, Changsha, Hunan, 410007, China.|Clinical Medical School, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410007, China.
authors.forename: Guofeng
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Clinical Laboratory, Hunan Provincial Second People's Hospital, 427 of Furong road of Changsha, Changsha, Hunan, 410007, China.|Clinical Medical School, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410007, China.
authors.forename: Fei
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Clinical Laboratory, Hunan Provincial Second People's Hospital, 427 of Furong road of Changsha, Changsha, Hunan, 410007, China.|Clinical Medical School, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410007, China.|Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, China.
authors.forename: Junyu
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: Clinical Laboratory, Hunan Provincial Second People's Hospital, 427 of Furong road of Changsha, Changsha, Hunan, 410007, China.|Clinical Medical School, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410007, China.
authors.forename: Haowen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, China.
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Yu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000067531:Alarmins / Q000097:blood*; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D002116:Calcitonin / Q000097:blood; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D018840:HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D007958:Leukocyte Count; D008297:Male; D008954:Models, Biological; D013997:Time Factors; D014947:Wounds and Injuries / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis*
chemical_list: D000067531:Alarmins; D015415:Biomarkers; D001786:Blood Glucose; D018840:HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins; D002116:Calcitonin; D002784:Cholesterol
keywords: Biomarkers; DAMPs; Diagnosis; HSP70; Infection; Trauma