title: Biocompatibility of Portland Cement Modified with Titanium Oxide and Calcium Chloride in a Rat Model.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of the present study was to evaluate the biocompatibility of two modified formulations of Portland cement (PC) mixed with either titanium oxide or both titanium oxide and calcium chloride.
  
  
  METHODS
  Polyethylene tubes were filled with modified PCs or Angelus MTA as the control; the tubes were then implanted in 28 Wistar rats subcutaneously. One tube was left empty as a negative control in each rat. Histologic samples were taken after 7, 15, 30 and 60 days. Sections were assessed histologically for inflammatory responses and presence of fibrous capsule and granulation tissue formation. Data were analyzed using the Fisher's exact and Kruskal-Wallis tests.
  
  
  RESULTS
  PC mixed with titanium oxide showed the highest mean scores of inflammation compared with others. There was no statistically significant difference in the mean inflammatory grades between all groups in each of the understudy time intervals.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results showed favorable biocompatibility of these modified PC mixed with calcium chloride and titanium oxide.
authors.affiliation: Endodontic Department, Dental School, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran;
authors.forename: Narjes
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hoshyari
authors.affiliation: Endodontic Department, Dental School, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran;
authors.forename: Hossein
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Labbaf
authors.affiliation: Oral Pathology Department, Dental School, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran;
authors.forename: Nooshin
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Jalayer Naderi
authors.affiliation: Endodontic Department, Dental School, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran;
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kazemi
authors.affiliation: Research Institute of Dental Sciences, Dental School, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran;
authors.forename: Farshid
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bastami
authors.affiliation: Oral Medicine Department, Dental School, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Maryam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Koopaei
keywords: Biocompatibility; Mineral Trioxide Aggregate; Portland Cement