title: Once upon a Time - Chloroplast Protein Import Research from Infancy to Future Challenges.
abstract: Protein import into chloroplasts has been a focus of research for several decades. The first publications dealing with this fascinating topic appeared in the 1970s. From the initial realization that many plastid proteins are being encoded for in the nucleus and require transport into their target organelle to the identification of import components in the cytosol, chloroplast envelopes, and stroma, as well as elucidation of some mechanistic details, more fascinating aspects are still being unraveled. With this overview, we present a survey of the beginnings of chloroplast protein import research, the first steps on this winding road, and end with a glimpse into the future.
authors.affiliation: Department Biologie I-Botanik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Großhaderner Straße 2-4, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany; Munich Center for Integrated Protein Science CiPSM, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Feodor-Lynen-Strasse 25, 81377 Munich, Germany. Electronic address: boelter@bio.lmu.de.
authors.forename: Bettina
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bölter
authors.affiliation: Department Biologie I-Botanik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Großhaderner Straße 2-4, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany; Munich Center for Integrated Protein Science CiPSM, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Feodor-Lynen-Strasse 25, 81377 Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Jürgen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Soll
mesh_terms: D060365:Chloroplast Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D002736:Chloroplasts / Q000378:metabolism*; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D021381:Protein Transport / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D060365:Chloroplast Proteins; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D010940:Plant Proteins
keywords: Tic; Toc; chloroplast protein import; envelope membranes; evolution; historical perspective