title: Intravenous lipid emulsion in the resuscitation of cocaine-induced cardiovascular arrest in a rat model.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Intravenous lipid emulsion (ILE) is a potential antidote for severe overdose of certain lipophilic drugs. Cocaine overdose is often fatal and has no antidote. The use of ILE after cocaine-induced cardiac arrest has been suggested but is not well characterized.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The objective of the study is to determine if ILE would reverse cocaine-induced cardiac arrest in a rat model.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twelve Sprague-Dawley rats with intra-arterial and intravenous access were sedated with isoflurane and split into 2 cocaine dose groups, then given either ILE or normal saline (NS) intravenously (IV)-group A, 7 animals received cocaine (10 mg/kg IV) with 6 of 7 given ILE (15 mg/kg IV) and 1 of 7 given NS (equal volume); group B, 5 animals received cocaine (5 mg/kg IV) with 3 of 5 given ILE (15 mg/kg IV) and 2 of 5 given NS (equal volume). Closed chest compressions were initiated for asystole and continued for 15 minutes with rhythm checks every minute.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All 12 rats experienced cardiac arrest after cocaine bolus. Resuscitation was successful in 1 of 7 rats in group A and 0 of 5 in group B.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Intravenous lipid emulsion administration did not affect outcome of cocaine-induced cardiac arrest compared with control in this model.
authors.affiliation: Division of Medical Toxicology, Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655.
authors.forename: Peter R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Chai
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Alpert Medical School at Brown University/Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI 02903. Electronic address: Jason_hack@brown.edu.
authors.forename: Jason B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Hack
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003042:Cocaine / Q000633:toxicity; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005217:Fat Emulsions, Intravenous / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006323:Heart Arrest / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012151:Resuscitation / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D005217:Fat Emulsions, Intravenous; D003042:Cocaine