title: Recombinant human erythropoietin improves neurological outcomes in very preterm infants.
abstract: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of repeated low-dose human recombinant erythropoietin (rhEPO) in the improvement of neurological outcomes in very preterm infants.
  
  
  
  A total of 800 infants of ≤32-week gestational age who had been in an intensive care unit within 72 hours after birth were included in the trial between January 2009 and June 2013. Preterm infants were randomly assigned to receive rhEPO (500IU/kg; n = 366) or placebo (n = 377) intravenously within 72 hours after birth and then once every other day for 2 weeks. The primary outcome was death or moderate to severe neurological disability assessed at 18 months of corrected age.
  
  
  
  Death and moderate/severe neurological disability occurred in 91 of 338 very preterm infants (26.9%) in the placebo group and in 43 of 330 very preterm infants (13.0%) in the rhEPO treatment group (relative risk [RR] = 0.40, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.27-0.59, p < 0.001) at 18 months of corrected age. The rate of moderate/severe neurological disability in the rhEPO group (22 of 309, 7.1%) was significantly lower compared to the placebo group (57 of 304, 18.8%; RR = 0.32, 95% CI = 0.19-0.55, p < 0.001), and no excess adverse events were observed.
  
  
  
  Repeated low-dose rhEPO treatment reduced the risk of long-term neurological disability in very preterm infants with no obvious adverse effects. Ann Neurol 2016;80:24-34.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neonatology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China.
authors.forename: Huiqing
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Department of Neonatology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.|Key Laboratory of Neonatal Brain Injury of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.
authors.forename: Falin
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China.
authors.forename: Wenqing
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.affiliation: Department of Neonatology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
authors.forename: Liang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: Department of Neonatology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
authors.forename: Jiajia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: Department of Neonatology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
authors.forename: Yanhua
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Neonatology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Xia
authors.affiliation: Department of Neonatology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.|Perinatal Center, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
authors.forename: Xiaoyang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Neonatology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.|Department of Pediatrics, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China.|Key Laboratory of Neonatal Brain Injury of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.|Center for Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
authors.forename: Changlian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhu
mesh_terms: D001724:Birth Weight; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D004921:Erythropoietin / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D062071:Infant, Extremely Premature / Q000254:growth & development*; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature / Q000254:growth & development*; D008297:Male; D009026:Mortality; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D004921:Erythropoietin