title: Parameters affecting enzyme-assisted aqueous extraction of extruded sunflower meal.
abstract: Microscopic observation of sunflower meal before and after extraction indicated that extensive cellular disruption was achieved by extrusion, but that unextracted oil remained sequestered as coalesced oil within the void spaces of disrupted cotyledon cells. A full factorial design experiment was defined to develop aqueous extraction processing (AEP) with and without enzymes to improve vegetable oil extraction yields of extruded sunflower meal. This experimental design studied the influence of four parameters, agitation, liquid/solid (L/S) ratio, and cellulase and protease addition, on extraction yield of lipid and protein. Agitation and addition of cellulases increased oil extraction yield, indicating that emulsification of oil and alteration of the geometry of the confining cellular matrix were important mechanisms for improving yields. Protease and liquid-solid ratio of the extraction mixture did not have significant effects, indicating key differences with previously established soy oil extraction mechanisms. Maximum yields attained for oil and protein extraction were 39% and 90%, respectively, with the aid of a surfactant.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, United States; The Solae Company, 4272 S Mendenhall Rd., Memphis, TN 38141, United States.
authors.forename: Kerry A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Campbell
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Chimie Agro-industrielle (LCA), Université de Toulouse, INRA, INPT, Toulouse, France.
authors.forename: Guadalupe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Vaca-Medina
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, United States.
authors.forename: Charles E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Glatz
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Chimie Agro-industrielle (LCA), Université de Toulouse, INRA, INPT, Toulouse, France. Electronic address: pierreyves.pontalier@ensiacet.fr.
authors.forename: Pierre-Yves
authors.initials: PY
authors.lastname: Pontalier
mesh_terms: D002152:Calorimetry, Differential Scanning; D005504:Food Analysis; D005511:Food Handling; D006368:Helianthus / Q000737:chemistry*; D010316:Particle Size; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000032:analysis*; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D010936:Plant Extracts; D010938:Plant Oils
keywords: Aqueous extraction; Cellulase; Enzymes; Oil; Protease; Sunflower