title: Ozone and carbon monoxide budgets over the Eastern Mediterranean.
abstract: The importance of the long-range transport (LRT) on O3 and CO budgets over the Eastern Mediterranean has been investigated using the state-of-the-art 3-dimensional global chemistry-transport model TM4-ECPL. A 3-D budget analysis has been performed separating the Eastern from the Western basins and the boundary layer (BL) from the free troposphere (FT). The FT of the Eastern Mediterranean is shown to be a strong receptor of polluted air masses from the Western Mediterranean, and the most important source of polluted air masses for the Eastern Mediterranean BL, with about 40% of O3 and of CO in the BL to be transported from the FT aloft. Regional anthropogenic sources are found to have relatively small impact on regional air quality in the area, contributing by about 8% and 18% to surface levels of O3 and CO, respectively. Projections using anthropogenic emissions for the year 2050 but neglecting climate change calculate a surface O3 decrease of about 11% together with a surface CO increase of roughly 10% in the Eastern Mediterranean.
authors.affiliation: Environmental Chemical Processes Laboratory (ECPL), Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, P.O. Box 2208, 70013 Heraklion, Greece. Electronic address: stelios@uoc.gr.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Myriokefalitakis
authors.affiliation: Environmental Chemical Processes Laboratory (ECPL), Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, P.O. Box 2208, 70013 Heraklion, Greece; Institute of Chemical Engineering, Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas (FORTH/ICE-HT), 26504 Patras, Greece.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Daskalakis
authors.affiliation: Environmental Chemical Processes Laboratory (ECPL), Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, P.O. Box 2208, 70013 Heraklion, Greece.
authors.forename: G S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Fanourgakis
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London, UK.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Voulgarakis
authors.affiliation: Meteorology and Air Quality Section, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands; Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands; SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Krol
authors.affiliation: SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: J M J
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Aan de Brugh
authors.affiliation: Environmental Chemical Processes Laboratory (ECPL), Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, P.O. Box 2208, 70013 Heraklion, Greece. Electronic address: mariak@uoc.gr.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kanakidou
keywords: Carbon monoxide (CO); Eastern Mediterranean (EM); Free Troposphere (FT); Long-range transport (LRT); Ozone (O(3))