title: Toll-Like Receptor-4 Dependent Intestinal Gene Expression During Arcobacter Butzleri Infection of Gnotobiotic Il-10 Deficient Mice.
abstract: We have previously shown that Arcobacter butzleri infection induces Toll-like receptor (TLR) -4 dependent immune responses in perorally infected gnotobiotic IL-10(-/-) mice. Here, we analyzed TLR-4-dependent expression of genes encoding inflammatory mediators and matrix-degrading gelatinases MMP-2 and -9 in the small and large intestines of gnotobiotic TLR-4-deficient IL-10(-/-) mice that were perorally infected with A. butzleri strains CCUG 30485 or C1, of human and chicken origin, respectively. At day 6 following A. butzleri infection, colonic mucin-2 mRNA, as integral part of the intestinal mucus layer, was downregulated in the colon, but not ileum, of IL-10(-/-) but not TLR-4(-/-) IL-10(-/-) mice. CCUG 30485 strain-infected TLR-4-deficient IL-10(-/-) mice displayed less distinctly upregulated IFN-γ, IL-17A, and IL-1β mRNA levels in ileum and colon, which was also true for colonic IL-22. These changes were accompanied by upregulated colonic MMP-2 and ileal MMP-9 mRNA exclusively in IL-10(-/-) mice. In conclusion, TLR-4 is essentially involved in A. butzleri mediated modulation of gene expression in the intestines of gnotobiotic IL-10(-/-) mice.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Food Hygiene, Free University Berlin , Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Greta
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gölz
authors.affiliation: Institute of Food Hygiene, Free University Berlin , Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Alter
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Charité - University Medicine Berlin , Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bereswill
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Charité - University Medicine Berlin , Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Markus M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Heimesaat
keywords: Arcobacter butzleri; IL-22/IL-18 axis; IL-23/Th17 axis; TLR-4; gelatinases; gnotobiotic IL-10–/– mouse infection model; intestinal innate and adaptive immunity; lipooligosaccharide; lipopolysaccharide; pro-inflammatory immune responses