title: Hydrazine-Free Solution-Deposited CuIn(S,Se)2 Solar Cells by Spray Deposition of Metal Chalcogenides.
abstract: Solution processing of semiconductors, such as CuInSe2 and its alloys (CIGS), can significantly reduce the manufacturing costs of thin film solar cells. Despite the recent success of solution deposition approaches for CIGS, toxic reagents such as hydrazine are usually involved, which introduce health and safety concerns. Here, we present a simple and safer methodology for the preparation of high-quality CuIn(S, Se)2 absorbers from metal sulfide solutions in a diamine/dithiol mixture. The solutions are sprayed in air, using a chromatography atomizer, followed by a postdeposition selenization step. Two different selenization methods are explored resulting in power conversion efficiencies of up to 8%.
authors.forename: Panagiota
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Arnou
authors.affiliation: National Renewable Energy Laboratory , 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, Colorado 80401-3305, United States.
authors.forename: Maikel F A M
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: van Hest
authors.forename: Carl S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Cooper
authors.forename: Andrei V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Malkov
authors.forename: John M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Walls
authors.forename: Jake W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Bowers
keywords: CIGS; atmospheric process; chalcopyrite; solar cells; thin film