title: Effect of Commercial Enzymes on Berry Cell Wall Deconstruction in the Context of Intravineyard Ripeness Variation under Winemaking Conditions.
abstract: Significant intravineyard variation in grape berry ripening occurs within vines and between vines. However, no cell wall data are available on such variation. Here we used a checkerboard panel design to investigate ripening variation in pooled grape bunches for enzyme-assisted winemaking. The vineyard was dissected into defined panels, which were selected for winemaking with or without enzyme addition. Cell wall material was prepared and subjected to high-throughput profiling combined with multivariate data analysis. The study showed that significant ripening-related variation was present at the berry cell wall polymer level and occurred within the experimental vineyard block. Furthemore, all enzyme treatments reduced cell wall variation via depectination. Interestingly, cell wall esterification levels were unaffected by enzyme treatments. This study provides clear evidence that enzymes can positively influence the consistency of winemaking and provides a foundation for further research into the relationship between grape berry cell wall architecture and enzyme formulations.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Wine Biotechnology, Department of Viticulture and Oenology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Stellenbosch University , Matieland 7602, South Africa.
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen , DK-1001 Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Jonatan U
authors.initials: JU
authors.lastname: Fangel
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen , DK-1001 Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: William G T
authors.initials: WG
authors.lastname: Willats
authors.affiliation: Institute for Wine Biotechnology, Department of Viticulture and Oenology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Stellenbosch University , Matieland 7602, South Africa.
authors.forename: Melané A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Vivier
authors.affiliation: Institute for Wine Biotechnology, Department of Viticulture and Oenology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Stellenbosch University , Matieland 7602, South Africa.
authors.forename: John P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Moore
mesh_terms: D002473:Cell Wall; D004798:Enzymes / Q000378:metabolism*; D005638:Fruit; D014920:Wine
chemical_list: D004798:Enzymes
keywords: cell walls; fermentation; grape pomace; intravineyard variation; multivariate data analysis; ripening; wine enzymes