title: User Evaluation of Neonatology Ward Design.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The object of this article is to identify the set of affective and emotional factors behind users' assessments of a space in a neonatology unit and to propose design guidelines based on these.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  The importance of the neonatology service and the variety of users place great demands on the space at all levels. Despite the repercussions, the emotional aspects of the environment have received less attention.
  
  
  METHODS
  To avoid incurring limitations in the user mental scheme, this study uses two complementary methodologies: focus group and semantic differential. The (qualitative) focus group methodology provides exploratory information and concepts. The (quantitative) semantic differential methodology then uses these concepts to extract the conceptual structures that users employ in their assessment of the space. Of the total 175 subjects, 31 took part in focus groups and 144 in semantic differential.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Five independent concepts were identified: privacy, functionality and professional nature, spaciousness, lighting, and cleanliness. In relation to the importance of the overall positive assessment of the space, the perception of privacy and sensations of dominance and pleasure are fundamental. Six relevant design aspects were also identified: provide spacious surroundings, facilitate sufficient separation between the different posts or cots, use different colors from those usually found in health-care centers, as some aversion was found to white and especially green, design areas with childhood themes, use warm artificial light, and choose user-friendly equipment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results provide design recommendations of interest and show the possibilities offered by combining both systems to analyze user response.
authors.affiliation: 1 Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación en Bioingeniería y Tecnología Orientada al Ser Humano (I3BH)-LabHuman, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: Juan Luis Higuera
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Trujillo
authors.affiliation: 1 Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación en Bioingeniería y Tecnología Orientada al Ser Humano (I3BH)-LabHuman, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: Antoni Montañana I
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Aviñó
authors.affiliation: 1 Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación en Bioingeniería y Tecnología Orientada al Ser Humano (I3BH)-LabHuman, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: Carmen Llinares
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Millán
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D005260:Female; D017144:Focus Groups / Q000379:methods*; D006282:Health Personnel; D006749:Hospital Design and Construction / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009359:Neonatology; D009725:Nurseries, Hospital / Q000458:organization & administration* / Q000592:standards; D010290:Parents
keywords: Kansei engineering; children’s designs; children’s hospitals; environmental design; focus groups; interior design; neonatal intensive care; quantitative research; semantic differential; wellness