title: The impact of theaflavins on systemic-and microcirculation alterations: The murine and randomized feasibility trials.
abstract: Theaflavins are polyphenols found in black tea; their physiological activities were not well investigated. The present study in rats evaluated the influence of theaflavins on circulation. In addition, an intervention pilot study examined the influence of a theaflavin drink on postprandial hemodynamic change. In an animal study, a single oral dose of theaflavin rich fraction (TF, 10mg/kg) caused transient increase in mean blood pressure (MBP) and heart rate (HR). TF also elevated cremastric blood flow significantly, and the magnitude of this effect was in this order: theaflavin 3'-O-gallate (TF2B) >>theaflavin-3-O-gallate (TF2A) >>theaflavin (TF1)=theaflavin-3, 3'-di-O-gallate (TF3). In addition, these hemodynamic alterations in mammals totally disappeared when pretreated with carvedilol as an adrenaline blocker. We also treated 10-mg/kg/day TF to the rats for 2 weeks. At the end of the ingestion period, MBP was reduced significantly, and aortic eNOS level was elevated by the repeated ingestion of TF compared with distilled water. In the intervention trial, blood pressure of the volunteers was increased significantly 2 and 4h after ingestion of the TF drink (45mg/drink) compared with before treatment. A significant difference was observed in FMD between the placebo and theaflavin groups 4h after ingestion. These results suggested that theaflavin has potent activity to alter hemodynamics in both murine and healthy subjects. Further studies is needed to elucidate the details; however, the results of animal study suggested that the possible involvement of sympathetic nervous system in the hemodynamic changes caused by TF.
authors.affiliation: Department of Bio-science and Engineering, Shibaura Institute of Technology, 307 Fukasaku, Munumaku, Saitama, 337-8570, Japan.
authors.forename: Akiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Saito
authors.affiliation: Department of Bio-science and Engineering, Shibaura Institute of Technology, 307 Fukasaku, Munumaku, Saitama, 337-8570, Japan.
authors.forename: Risa
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nakazato
authors.affiliation: Department of Bio-science and Engineering, Shibaura Institute of Technology, 307 Fukasaku, Munumaku, Saitama, 337-8570, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshitomo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Suhara
authors.affiliation: Department of Bio-science and Engineering, Shibaura Institute of Technology, 307 Fukasaku, Munumaku, Saitama, 337-8570, Japan.
authors.forename: Masahiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shibata
authors.affiliation: NTT West Takamatsu Hospital, 649-8 Kanko-cho, Takamatsu, Kagawa, 760-0076, Japan.
authors.forename: Toshiki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fukui
authors.affiliation: Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan.
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ishii
authors.affiliation: Industrial Research Institute of Shizuoka Prefecture, Aoi-ku, Shizuoka, 421-1298, Japan.
authors.forename: Toshimichi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Asanuma
authors.affiliation: Industrial Research Institute of Shizuoka Prefecture, Aoi-ku, Shizuoka, 421-1298, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazuo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mochizuki
authors.affiliation: School of Food Science and Technology, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Musashinoshi, Tokyo, 180-8602, Japan.
authors.forename: Tsutomu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakayama
authors.affiliation: Department of Bio-science and Engineering, Shibaura Institute of Technology, 307 Fukasaku, Munumaku, Saitama, 337-8570, Japan. Electronic address: nao-osa@sic.shibaura-it.ac.
authors.forename: Naomi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Osakabe
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D044946:Biflavonoids / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001775:Blood Circulation; D028241:Camellia sinensis / Q000737:chemistry; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D002392:Catechin / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D019587:Dietary Supplements / Q000009:adverse effects; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D006027:Glycosides / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008833:Microcirculation; D008875:Middle Aged; D010865:Pilot Projects; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D044946:Biflavonoids; D006027:Glycosides; C056068:theaflavin; D002392:Catechin
keywords: Adrenalin receptor blocker; Circulation; FMD; Theaflavin; eNOS