title: Role of 5 Saponins in Secretion of Cytokines by PRRSV-induced Endothelial Cells.
abstract: The aim of the research presented here was to investigate the immunoloregulatory effects of 5 saponins: Saikosaponins A (SSA) and D (SSD) from Bupleurum chinese DC (Umbelliferae), Panax Notoginseng Saponin (PNS) and Notoginsenoside R1 from Panax notoginseng (Araliaceae) (SR1), and Anemoside B4 from Pulsatilla chinensis Regel (Ranunculaceae) (AB4). To achieve this, endothelial cells were challenged with 10(5) TCID50/mL PRRSV for 24 h then treated respectively with 5 saponins at 3 concentrations (1, 5 and 10 μg/mL). The cells were incubated at 37°C in a cell incubator for 24 h. The supernatants were collected and analyzed the levels of interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-10, IL-2, and γ-interferon (IFN-γ) by ELISA kits. The results revealed that PNS and SR1 inhibited the production of IL-4; PNS, SR1 and SSD inhibited the secretion of IL-10; SSA, SSD and AB4 up-regulated IL-2 expression; SSA and SSD increased the level of IFN-γ. All these changes were significant. Taken together, the data suggested that these 5 saponins might effectively regulate immune responses via changes in the levels of these select cytokines.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology of Ministry of Agriculture, National Center for Engineering Research of Veterinary Bio-products, Nanjing, China.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology of Ministry of Agriculture, National Center for Engineering Research of Veterinary Bio-products, Nanjing, China.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mao
authors.affiliation: Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology of Ministry of Agriculture, National Center for Engineering Research of Veterinary Bio-products, Nanjing, China.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.affiliation: Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology of Ministry of Agriculture, National Center for Engineering Research of Veterinary Bio-products, Nanjing, China.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology of Ministry of Agriculture, National Center for Engineering Research of Veterinary Bio-products, Nanjing, China.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: He
mesh_terms: D002478:Cells, Cultured; D016207:Cytokines / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000032:analysis; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000032:analysis; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000032:analysis; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000032:analysis; D019316:Porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus / Q000276:immunology*; D012503:Saponins / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D007376:Interleukin-2; D012503:Saponins; D016753:Interleukin-10; D015847:Interleukin-4; D007371:Interferon-gamma