title: Biothiol Xenon MRI Sensor Based on Thiol-Addition Reaction.
abstract: Biothiols such as cysteine (Cys), homocysteine (Hcy), and glutathione (GSH) play an important role in regulating the vital functions of living organisms. Knowledge of their biodistribution in real-time could help diagnose a variety of conditions. However, existing methods of biothiol detection are invasive and require assays. Herein we report a molecular biosensor for biothiol detection using the nuclear spin resonance of (129)Xe. The (129)Xe biosensor consists of a cryptophane cage encapsulating a xenon atom and an acrylate group. The latter serves as a reactive site to covalently bond biothiols through a thiol-addition reaction. The biosensor enables discrimination of Cys from Hcy and GSH through the chemical shift and average reaction rate. This biosensor can be detected at a concentration of 10 μM in a single scan and it has been applied to detect biothiols in bovine serum solution. Our results indicate that this biosensor is a promising tool for the real-time imaging of biothiol distributions.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Wuhan, 430071, China.
authors.forename: Shengjun
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Wuhan, 430071, China.
authors.forename: Weiping
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Wuhan, 430071, China.
authors.forename: Lili
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ren
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Wuhan, 430071, China.
authors.forename: Yaping
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Wuhan, 430071, China.
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Wuhan, 430071, China.
authors.forename: Qing
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Wuhan, 430071, China.
authors.forename: Qianni
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California NanoSystems Institute, The Molecular Biology Institute, University of California , Los Angeles, California 90095, United States.
authors.forename: Louis-S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Bouchard
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Wuhan, 430071, China.
authors.forename: Maili
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Wuhan, 430071, China.
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhou
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015374:Biosensing Techniques; D002417:Cattle; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D013438:Sulfhydryl Compounds / Q000097:blood*; D014978:Xenon / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D013438:Sulfhydryl Compounds; D014978:Xenon