title: Objective Morphological Quantification of Microscopic Images Using a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) Analysis.
abstract: Quantification of immunohistochemistry (IHC) and immunofluorescence (IF) using image intensity depends on a number of variables. These variables add a subjective complexity in keeping a standard within and between laboratories. Fast Fourier Transformation (FFT) algorithms, however, allow for a rapid and objective quantification (via statistical analysis) using cell morphologies when the microscopic structures are oriented or aligned. Quantification of alignment is given in terms of a ratio of FFT intensity to the intensity of an orthogonal angle, giving a numerical value of the alignment of the microscopic structures. This allows for a more objective analysis than alternative approaches, which rely upon relative intensities.
authors.affiliation: University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom; Spinal Cord & Brain Injury Research Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky; Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky.
authors.forename: Samuel E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.affiliation: Spinal Cord & Brain Injury Research Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky; Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky.
authors.forename: Tuoxin
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.affiliation: Spinal Cord & Brain Injury Research Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky; Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky.
authors.forename: Pooja M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Talauliker
authors.affiliation: Spinal Cord & Brain Injury Research Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky; Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky; Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky.
authors.forename: Jonathan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lifshitz
keywords: fast Fourier transformation; immunohistochemistry; microscopy; quantification