title: Concentrations of oligomers and polymers of proanthocyanidins in red and purple rice bran and their relationships to total phenolics, flavonoids, antioxidant capacity and whole grain color.
abstract: Proanthocyanidins, a flavonoids subgroup, are proposed to have chronic disease modulation properties. With the eventual goal of enhancing rice phytonutrient concentrations, we investigated the genotypic variation of the concentrations of individual oligomers and polymers of proanthocyanidins in red and purple rice brans. A 4.3-fold variation in total proanthocyanidins (sum of oligomers and polymers) in the extractable fraction was found and the concentration was highly correlated with total phenolics, total flavonoids and antiradical capacity. Variation in the proportion of oligomers and polymers existed, with monomers to trimers, 4-6mers, 7-10mers and polymers accounting for 7, 18, 26.5 and 48.7%, respectively, of the total. The redness value a(∗) of whole grain rice measured in CIE L(∗)a(∗)b(∗) color space was negatively and positively correlated with extractable and non-extractable proanthocyanidins, respectively. The variation found indicates it is possible to select rice with bran containing high levels of total proanthocyanidins and specific degree of polymerization profiles.
authors.affiliation: United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Dale Bumpers National Rice Research Center, Stuttgart, AR 72160, USA. Electronic address: ming.chen@ars.usda.gov.
authors.forename: Ming-Hsuan
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Dale Bumpers National Rice Research Center, Stuttgart, AR 72160, USA.
authors.forename: Anna M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: McClung
authors.affiliation: Department of Food and Beverage, University of Nevada-Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA.
authors.forename: Christine J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Bergman
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003116:Color; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D012275:Oryza / Q000737:chemistry*; D010636:Phenols / Q000032:analysis*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry*; D044945:Proanthocyanidins / Q000032:analysis*; D000067348:Whole Grains / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D005419:Flavonoids; D010636:Phenols; D010936:Plant Extracts; D011108:Polymers; D044945:Proanthocyanidins
keywords: Black rice; Flavonoids; Proanthocyanidins; Purple rice; Red rice; Rice bran; Tannins