title: Correlation of E-selectin concentrations with carotid intima-media thickness and cardio-metabolic profile of mixed ancestry South Africans: a cross-sectional study.
abstract: Background E-selectin, an adhesion molecule, is a specific marker of endothelial dysfunction. High concentrations have been reported in type 2 diabetes and disorders with high risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Measurement of carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) is a surrogate marker of early atherosclerosis. We examined the relationship between E-selectin concentrations, CIMT and cardio-metabolic traits in normo- and hyperglycaemic mixed ancestry South Africans. Methods E-selectin concentrations were determined in 308 subjects from the Cape Town Bellville South Community-based study on a mixed ancestry population. Their correlation with CIMT and cardio-metabolic profile used robust correlations and linear regression models. Results E-selectin concentrations were significantly higher in the hyperglycaemic (median 139.8 µg/L) compared to the normoglycaemic group (median 118.8 µg/L), ( p = 0.0007). Significant differences between the two groups were found for markers of glycaemia and adiposity, but not for CIMT. Significant correlations were found between E-selectin and age, markers of glycaemia and inflammation, central obesity and lipid variables. Associations remained significant only with age, hyperglycaemia and C-reactive protein in robust linear regression models. In similar regressions models, age and gender were the main predictors of CIMT, which was not associated with E-selectin. Conclusions E-selectin concentrations in this study were associated with hyperglycaemia, possibly reflecting early endothelial damage. However, E-selectin was not useful to assess CIMT, a marker of subclinical atherosclerosis, which appeared to be determined by ageing and male gender.
authors.affiliation: 1 Division of Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, National Health Laboratory Service (NHLS) and Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa.
authors.forename: Annalise E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Zemlin
authors.affiliation: 2 Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Wellness Science, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Cape Town, South Africa.
authors.forename: Tandi E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Matsha
authors.affiliation: 3 Non-communicable Diseases Research Unit, South Africa Medical Research Council and University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
authors.forename: Andre P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Kengne
authors.affiliation: 2 Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Wellness Science, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Cape Town, South Africa.
authors.forename: Gloudina M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Hon
authors.affiliation: 1 Division of Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, National Health Laboratory Service (NHLS) and Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa.
authors.forename: Rajiv T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Erasmus
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000208:ethnology / Q000473:pathology; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D044383:Black People; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D059168:Carotid Intima-Media Thickness; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000208:ethnology / Q000473:pathology; D019040:E-Selectin / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression; D006801:Humans; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000208:ethnology / Q000473:pathology; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012737:Sex Factors; D013019:South Africa; D044465:White People
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D019040:E-Selectin; C546936:SELE protein, human; D002097:C-Reactive Protein
keywords: CIMT; E-selectin; atherosclerosis; endothelial dysfunction; hyperglycaemia