title: Idiopathic bronchial hemorrhage: a rare but catastrophic complication in cardiac surgery.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hemoptysis is a common complication in all kinds of surgery. However, it is rarely critical because it resolves with or without intervention.
  
  
  METHODS
  Here the authors present what is believed to be an unprecedented report of a case involving a fatal idiopathic bronchial hemorrhage complication during cardiac surgery. Eighty-five-year-old female with severe aorticvalve stenosis had elective aortic valve replacement. Subsequently, she developed diffuse bilateral severe idiopathic bronchial hemorrhage which required maximum intervention such as external bronchial ligation, V-A ECMO, coil embolization of bronchial artery and internal airway blockage by spigot.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Airway bleeding is not a rare complication in cardiac surgery, but this case should increase awareness of this potentially life threatening perioperative complication.
authors.affiliation: Cardiothoracic Surgery, Sapporo City General Hospital, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8604, Japan. Uzuka@aol.com.|Cardiovascular Surgery, Sapporo City General Hospital, North 11 West 13 Chuo-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8604, Japan. Uzuka@aol.com.
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Uzuka
authors.affiliation: Cardiothoracic Surgery, Sapporo City General Hospital, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8604, Japan.
authors.forename: Masanori
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.affiliation: Cardiothoracic Surgery, Sapporo City General Hospital, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8604, Japan.
authors.forename: Tomohiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakajima
authors.affiliation: Cardiothoracic Surgery, Sapporo City General Hospital, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8604, Japan.
authors.forename: Shinichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kusudoh
authors.affiliation: Cardiothoracic Surgery, Sapporo City General Hospital, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8604, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Usubuchi
authors.affiliation: Cardiothoracic Surgery, Sapporo City General Hospital, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8604, Japan.
authors.forename: Akihiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.affiliation: Cardiothoracic Surgery, Sapporo City General Hospital, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8604, Japan.
authors.forename: Noriyasu
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Watanabe
mesh_terms: D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001024:Aortic Valve Stenosis / Q000601:surgery*; D001982:Bronchial Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery; D004621:Embolization, Therapeutic / Q000009:adverse effects; D017809:Fatal Outcome; D005260:Female; D019918:Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation; D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D011183:Postoperative Complications
keywords: Cardiac surgery; Complication; Hemoptysis; Idiopathic bronchial hemorrhage