title: Protective effect of n-butyl alcohol extracts from Rhizoma Pinelliae Pedatisectae against cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Rhizoma Pinelliae Pedatisectae (RPP) has been commonly used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for treatment of various neurological related diseases. However, the mechanisms have not been fully clarified yet. The present study was designed to investigate the therapeutic effect of RPP against cerebral ischemic/reperfusion (I/R) injury in rats models, and more importantly, to explore the underlying mechanism.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cerebral ischemia and reperfusion was established through the classic middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) for 2h, followed by 24h reperfusion. Rats were orally given different doses of n-butyl alcohol extracts (NBES) of RPP or saline for one week before induction of ischemia. Neurological defect scoring, cerebral infarct volume, oxidative stress markers, inflammatory reaction and nerve cell apoptosis were then estimated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  It showed that NBES could alleviate in a dose-dependent manner neurological deficit and reduce the infarct volume in vivo. The protective effects of NBES were associated with increased Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and decreased malonaldehyde (MDA), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) levels. In addition, ischemia-induced neuron apoptosis was inhibited by NBES pretreatment, and western blot showed NBES upregulated expressions of B-cell leukemia-2 (Bcl-2) and downregulated Bcl-2-associated X (Bax) expression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  NBES prevent cerebral I/R injury by alleviating neuronal oxidative injury, inflammatory reaction and neuron apoptosis. The research for the traditional use of RPP provided certain theoretical basis.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education on Traditional Chinese Medicine Resource and Compound Prescription & College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, PR China; The Department of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, PR China.
authors.forename: Yujie
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education on Traditional Chinese Medicine Resource and Compound Prescription & College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, PR China.
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: The Department of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, PR China.
authors.forename: Xiaolu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.affiliation: The Department of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, PR China.
authors.forename: Yajun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education on Traditional Chinese Medicine Resource and Compound Prescription & College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, PR China.
authors.forename: Congjin
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education on Traditional Chinese Medicine Resource and Compound Prescription & College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, PR China. Electronic address: kelichen@126.com.
authors.forename: Keli
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D020001:1-Butanol / Q000737:chemistry*; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D020244:Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D009474:Neurons / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D008517:Phytotherapy; D030021:Pinellia / Q000737:chemistry*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010946:Plants, Medicinal; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D012997:Solvents / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; D015415:Biomarkers; D016207:Cytokines; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D010936:Plant Extracts; D012997:Solvents; D020001:1-Butanol
keywords: Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury; Pretreatment; Rhizoma Pinelliae Pedatisectae; Stroke