title: Partnerships in global health and collaborative governance: lessons learnt from the Division of Tropical and Humanitarian Medicine at the Geneva University Hospitals.
abstract: In 2007 the "Crisp Report" on international partnerships increased interest in Northern countries on the way their links with Southern partners operated. Since its establishment in 2007 the Division of Tropical and Humanitarian Medicine at the Geneva University Hospitals has developed a variety of partnerships. Frameworks to assess these partnerships are needed and recent attention in the field of public management on collaborative governance may provide a useful approach for analyzing international collaborations.
  
  
  
  Projects of the Division of Tropical and Humanitarian Medicine were analyzed by collaborators within the Division using the model proposed by Emerson and colleagues for collaborative governance, which comprises different components that assess the collaborative process.
  
  
  
  International projects within the Division of Tropical and Humanitarian Medicine can be divided into four categories: Human resource development; Humanitarian response; Neglected Tropical Diseases and Noncommunicable diseases. For each of these projects there was a clear leader from the Division of Tropical and Humanitarian Medicine as well as a local counterpart. These individuals were seen as leaders both due to their role in establishing the collaboration as well as their technical expertise. Across these projects the actual partners vary greatly. This diversity means a wide range of contributions to the collaboration, but also complexity in managing different interests. A common definition of the collaborative aims in each of the projects is both a formal and informal process. Legal, financial and administrative aspects of the collaboration are the formal elements. These can be a challenge based on different administrative requirements. Friendship is part of the informal aspects and helps contribute to a relationship that is not exclusively professional.
  
  
  
  Using collaborative governance allows the complexity of managing partnerships to be presented. The framework used highlights the process of establishing collaborations, which is an element often negated by other more traditional models used in international partnerships. Applying the framework to the projects of the Division of Tropical and Humanitarian Medicine highlights the importance of shared values and interests, credibility of partners, formal and informal methods of management as well as friendship.
authors.affiliation: Division of Tropical and Humanitarian Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland. David.Beran@unige.ch.|Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland. David.Beran@unige.ch.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Beran
authors.affiliation: Division of Tropical and Humanitarian Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Sigiriya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Aebischer Perone
authors.affiliation: Division of Tropical and Humanitarian Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Gabriel
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Alcoba
authors.affiliation: Division of Tropical and Humanitarian Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Alexandre
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bischoff
authors.affiliation: Division of Tropical and Humanitarian Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Claire-Lise
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Bussien
authors.affiliation: Division of Tropical and Humanitarian Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Gilles
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Eperon
authors.affiliation: Division of Tropical and Humanitarian Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Olivier
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Hagon
authors.affiliation: Division of Tropical and Humanitarian Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Olivia
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Heller
authors.affiliation: Division of Tropical and Humanitarian Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Frédérique
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Jacquerioz Bausch
authors.affiliation: Division of Tropical and Humanitarian Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Nicolas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Perone
authors.affiliation: Division of Tropical and Humanitarian Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Vogel
authors.affiliation: Division of Tropical and Humanitarian Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.|Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
authors.forename: François
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Chappuis
mesh_terms: D014943:Global Health / Q000592:standards*; D006801:Humans; D007391:International Cooperation; D007857:Leadership; D016730:Program Development; D012066:Relief Work / Q000458:organization & administration* / Q000592:standards; D013557:Switzerland; D014330:Tropical Medicine / Q000379:methods* / Q000458:organization & administration / Q000592:standards
keywords: Collaborations; Global health; Governance; Hospitals; Partnerships