title: Don't forget the lyrics! Spatiotemporal dynamics of neural mechanisms spontaneously evoked by gaps of silence in familiar and newly learned songs.
abstract: The vast majority of people experience musical imagery, the sensation of reliving a song in absence of any external stimulation. Internal perception of a song can be deliberate and effortful, but also may occur involuntarily and spontaneously. Moreover, musical imagery is also involuntarily used for automatically completing missing parts of music or lyrics from a familiar song. The aim of our study was to explore the onset of musical imagery dynamics that leads to the automatic completion of missing lyrics. High-density electroencephalography was used to record the cerebral activity of twenty healthy volunteers while they were passively listening to unfamiliar songs, very familiar songs, and songs previously listened to for two weeks. Silent gaps inserted into these songs elicited a series of neural activations encompassing perceptual, attentional and cognitive mechanisms (range 100-500ms). Familiarity and learning effects emerged as early as 100ms and lasted 400ms after silence occurred. Although participants reported more easily mentally imagining lyrics in familiar rather than passively learnt songs, the onset of neural mechanisms and the power spectrum underlying musical imagery were similar for both types of songs. This study offers new insights into the musical imagery dynamics evoked by gaps of silence and on the role of familiarity and learning processes in the generation of these dynamics. The automatic and effortless method presented here is a potentially useful tool to understand failure in the familiarity and learning processes of pathological populations.
authors.affiliation: Centre d'investigation Clinique-Innovation Technologique CIC-IT 1431, Inserm, CHRU Besançon, F-25000 Besançon, France; Neurosciences intégratives et cliniques EA 481, Univ. Franche-Comté, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-25000 Besançon, France. Electronic address: dgabriel@chu-besancon.fr.
authors.forename: Damien
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gabriel
authors.affiliation: Centre d'investigation Clinique-Innovation Technologique CIC-IT 1431, Inserm, CHRU Besançon, F-25000 Besançon, France.
authors.forename: Thian Chiew
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.affiliation: Centre d'investigation Clinique-Innovation Technologique CIC-IT 1431, Inserm, CHRU Besançon, F-25000 Besançon, France; Neurosciences intégratives et cliniques EA 481, Univ. Franche-Comté, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-25000 Besançon, France; Service de psychiatrie de l'adulte, CHRU Besançon, F-25000 Besançon, France.
authors.forename: Magali
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nicolier
authors.affiliation: Service de psychiatrie de l'adulte, CHRU Besançon, F-25000 Besançon, France.
authors.forename: Julie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Giustiniani
authors.affiliation: Centre d'investigation Clinique-Innovation Technologique CIC-IT 1431, Inserm, CHRU Besançon, F-25000 Besançon, France.
authors.forename: Coralie
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mignot
authors.affiliation: Centre Mémoire de Ressource et de Recherche de Franche-Comté, CHRU Besançon, F-25000 Besançon, France; Laboratoire de psychologie EA 3188, Université de Franche-Comté, Besançon, France.
authors.forename: Nicolas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Noiret
authors.affiliation: Centre d'investigation Clinique-Innovation Technologique CIC-IT 1431, Inserm, CHRU Besançon, F-25000 Besançon, France; Neurosciences intégratives et cliniques EA 481, Univ. Franche-Comté, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-25000 Besançon, France; Service de psychiatrie de l'adulte, CHRU Besançon, F-25000 Besançon, France.
authors.forename: Julie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Monnin
authors.affiliation: Centre Mémoire de Ressource et de Recherche de Franche-Comté, CHRU Besançon, F-25000 Besançon, France; Service de neurologie, CHRU Besançon, F-25000 Besançon, France.
authors.forename: Eloi
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Magnin
authors.affiliation: Centre d'investigation Clinique-Innovation Technologique CIC-IT 1431, Inserm, CHRU Besançon, F-25000 Besançon, France; Neurosciences intégratives et cliniques EA 481, Univ. Franche-Comté, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-25000 Besançon, France.
authors.forename: Lionel
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Pazart
authors.affiliation: Centre d'investigation Clinique-Innovation Technologique CIC-IT 1431, Inserm, CHRU Besançon, F-25000 Besançon, France; Neurosciences intégratives et cliniques EA 481, Univ. Franche-Comté, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-25000 Besançon, France; Service de neurologie, CHRU Besançon, F-25000 Besançon, France.
authors.forename: Thierry
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Moulin
authors.affiliation: Centre d'investigation Clinique-Innovation Technologique CIC-IT 1431, Inserm, CHRU Besançon, F-25000 Besançon, France; Neurosciences intégratives et cliniques EA 481, Univ. Franche-Comté, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-25000 Besançon, France; Service de psychiatrie de l'adulte, CHRU Besançon, F-25000 Besançon, France.
authors.forename: Emmanuel
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Haffen
authors.affiliation: Centre d'investigation Clinique-Innovation Technologique CIC-IT 1431, Inserm, CHRU Besançon, F-25000 Besançon, France; Neurosciences intégratives et cliniques EA 481, Univ. Franche-Comté, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-25000 Besançon, France; Service de psychiatrie de l'adulte, CHRU Besançon, F-25000 Besançon, France; Centre Mémoire de Ressource et de Recherche de Franche-Comté, CHRU Besançon, F-25000 Besançon, France.
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Vandel
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001307:Auditory Perception / Q000502:physiology*; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000502:physiology*; D004569:Electroencephalography / Q000379:methods*; D005071:Evoked Potentials / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007092:Imagination / Q000502:physiology*; D007858:Learning / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D009146:Music / Q000523:psychology*; D011037:Poetry as Topic; D021641:Recognition, Psychology / Q000502:physiology*
keywords: EEG; Event-related potentials; Familiarity; Learning; Musical imagery