title: Antimycotic Activity and Genotoxic Evaluation of Citrus sinensis and Citrus latifolia Essential Oils.
abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the antifungal activity of essential oils (EOs) of Citrus sinensis (C. sinensis) and Citrus latifolia (C. latifolia) against five Candida species: Candida albicans, Candida tropicalis, Candida glabrata, Candida lusitaniae and Candida guilliermondii; and perform its genotoxic evaluation. The EOs of C. sinensis and C. latifolia were obtained from the peel by hydro-distillation. The major components determined by GC-MS were in C. sinensis, d-limonene (96%) and α-myrcene (2.79%); and in C. latifolia, d-limonene (51.64%), β-thujene (14.85%), β-pinene (12.79%) and γ-terpinene (12.8%). Antifungal properties were studied by agar diffusion method, where C. sinensis presented low activity and C. latifolia essential oil was effective to inhibit growing of C. lusitaniae and C. guilliermondii with IC50 of 6.90 and 2.92 μg respectively. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) for C. sinensis were in a range of 0.42-3.71 μg and for C. latifolia of 0.22-1.30 μg. Genotoxic evaluation was done by Ames test where none of the oils induced point mutations. Flow cytometry was used to measure toxicity in human oral epithelial cells, C. sinensis was not cytotoxic and C. latifolia was toxic at 21.8 μg. These properties might bestow different odontological applications to each essential oil.
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Investigación microbiológica, Hospital Juárez de México, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional # 5160 Col. Magdalena de las Salinas, México D.F. C.P. 07650.
authors.forename: Nancy J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Ruiz-Pérez
authors.affiliation: Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco A.C. Av. Normalistas # 800 Col. Colinas de la Normal, Guadalajara, Jal. México C.P. 44270.
authors.forename: Marisela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: González-Ávila
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Investigación microbiológica, Hospital Juárez de México, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional # 5160 Col. Magdalena de las Salinas, México D.F. C.P. 07650.
authors.forename: Jaime
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sánchez-Navarrete
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Medicina Regenerativa, Hospital Juárez de México, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional # 5160 Col. Magdalena de las Salinas, México D.F. C.P. 07650.
authors.forename: Julia D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Toscano-Garibay
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Inmunobiología, Hospital Juárez de México, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional # 5160 Col. Magdalena de las Salinas, México D.F. C.P. 07650.
authors.forename: Mario A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Moreno-Eutimio
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Inmunobiología, Hospital Juárez de México, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional # 5160 Col. Magdalena de las Salinas, México D.F. C.P. 07650.
authors.forename: Teresa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sandoval-Hernández
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Investigación microbiológica, Hospital Juárez de México, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional # 5160 Col. Magdalena de las Salinas, México D.F. C.P. 07650.
authors.forename: Myriam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Arriaga-Alba
mesh_terms: D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D002176:Candida albicans / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000472:pathogenicity; D002177:Candidiasis / Q000382:microbiology*; D032084:Citrus sinensis / Q000737:chemistry; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D006801:Humans; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D009822:Oils, Volatile / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents; D009822:Oils, Volatile; D010938:Plant Oils