title: Multilocus phylogenetic analyses reveal unexpected abundant diversity and significant disjunct distribution pattern of the Hedgehog Mushrooms (Hydnum L.).
abstract: Hydnum is a fungal genus proposed by Linnaeus in the early time of modern taxonomy. It contains several ectomycorrhizal species which are commonly consumed worldwide. However, Hydnum is one of the most understudied fungal genera, especially from a molecular phylogenetic view. In this study, we extensively gathered specimens of Hydnum from Asia, Europe, America and Australasia, and analyzed them by using sequences of four gene fragments (ITS, nrLSU, tef1α and rpb1). Our phylogenetic analyses recognized at least 31 phylogenetic species within Hydnum, 15 of which were reported for the first time. Most Australasian species were recognized as strongly divergent old relics, but recent migration between Australasia and the Northern Hemisphere was also detected. Within the Northern Hemisphere, frequent historical biota exchanges between the Old World and the New World via both the North Atlantic Land Bridge and the Bering Land Bridge could be elucidated. Our study also revealed that most Hydnum species found in subalpine areas of the Hengduan Mountains in southwestern China occur in northeastern/northern China and Europe, indicating that the composition of the mycobiota in the Hengduan Mountains reigion is more complicated than what we have known before.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China.
authors.forename: Bang
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China.
authors.forename: Xiang-Hua
authors.initials: XH
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, and School of Plant Science, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ratkowsky
authors.affiliation: Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, and School of Plant Science, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia.
authors.forename: Genevieve
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gates
authors.affiliation: Tanarimba, Janda Baik, Bentong 28750 Bentong, Pahang, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Su See
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Slovenian Forestry Institute, Večna pot 2, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
authors.forename: Tine
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Grebenc
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China.
authors.forename: Zhu L
authors.initials: ZL
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D000363:Agaricales / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics*; D030541:Databases, Genetic; D056426:Genetic Loci; D014644:Genetic Variation; D005843:Geography; D016013:Likelihood Functions; D010802:Phylogeny; D013045:Species Specificity; D013997:Time Factors