title: Natural products for treatment of bone erosive diseases: The effects and mechanisms on inhibiting osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption.
abstract: Excessive bone resorption plays a central role on the development of bone erosive diseases, including osteoporosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and periodontitis. Osteoclasts, bone-resorbing multinucleated cells, are differentiated from hemopoietic progenitors of the monocyte/macrophage lineage. Regulation of osteoclast differentiation is considered an effective therapeutic target to the treatment of pathological bone loss. Natural plant-derived products, with potential therapeutic and preventive activities against bone-lytic diseases, have received increasing attention in recent years because of their whole regulative effects and specific pharmacological activities, which are more suitable for long-term use than chemically synthesized medicines. In this review, we summarized the detailed research progress on the active compounds derived from medical plants with potential anti-resorptive effects and their molecular mechanisms on inhibiting osteoclast formation and function. The active ingredients derived from natural plants that are efficacious in suppressing osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption include flavonoids, terpenoids (sesquiterpenoids, diterpenoids, triterpenoids), glycosides, lignans, coumarins, alkaloids, polyphenols, limonoids, quinones and others (steroid, oxoxishhone, fatty acid). Studies have shown that above natural products exert the inhibitory effects via regulating many factors involved in the process of osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption, including the essential cytokines (RANKL, M-CSF), transcription factors (NFATc1, c-Fos), signaling pathways (NF-κB, MAPKs, Src/PI3K/Akt, the calcium ion signaling), osteoclast-specific genes (TRAP, CTSK, MMP-9, integrin β3, OSCAR, DC-STAMP, Atp6v0d2) and local factors (ROS, LPS, NO). The development of osteoclast-targeting natural products is of great value for the prevention or treatment of bone diseases and for bone regenerative medicine.
authors.affiliation: Translational Medicine Centre, Hong-Hui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi'an 710054, China.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: An
authors.affiliation: Translational Medicine Centre, Hong-Hui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi'an 710054, China.
authors.forename: Dingjun
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hao
authors.affiliation: Translational Medicine Centre, Hong-Hui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi'an 710054, China.
authors.forename: Qian
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Translational Medicine Centre, Hong-Hui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi'an 710054, China.
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Translational Medicine Centre, Hong-Hui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi'an 710054, China.
authors.forename: Rui
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Translational Medicine Centre, Hong-Hui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi'an 710054, China.
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Translational Medicine Centre, Hong-Hui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi'an 710054, China. Electronic address: yanghao.71_99@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Hao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001861:Bone Regeneration; D001862:Bone Resorption / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D010010:Osteoclasts / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000187:drug effects; D008517:Phytotherapy; D053245:RANK Ligand / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*
chemical_list: D053245:RANK Ligand
keywords: Bone resorption; Medical plants; Molecular mechanism; Natural products; Osteoclastogenesis