title: Effect of Topical and Intravenously Applied Tranexamic Acid Compared to Control Group on Bleeding in Primary Unilateral Total Knee Arthroplasty.
abstract: We aimed to answer the following three questions in this study: (1) Does tranexamic acid (TA) reduce the amount of bleeding in total knee arthroplasty (TKA)? (2) Does TA reduce requirement for blood transfusion? (3) Is there any difference on reliability and efficacy between topical and intravenous (IV) applications of TA? Patients were allocated into three groups randomly by a software program as topical, IV, and control group. TA was applied as 20 mg/kg to the IV group and as 3 g/100 mL saline to the topical group. The hemoglobin values were recorded preoperatively and postoperatively on the same day and on day 1 and day 2. Removal of the drain postoperatively and length of hospital stay, as well as any complications such as pulmonary embolism or deep venous thrombosis, were also noted. The study comprised 40 patients in the IV group, 42 in the topical group, and 41 in the control group. The drain output values were similar in the IV and topical groups (p= 0.161), while those of the control group were significantly higher than both the IV and topical groups (p< 0.001 and < 0.001). Transfusion was applied to 19.5% of cases in the control group, 4.8% in the topical group, and 5.1% of the IV group (χ2= 6.522;p= 0.038). The results of the study showed that 20 mg/kg single-dose IV bolus or 3 g topical TA application reduced blood loss and transfusion requirement without increasing the rate of thromboembolic complications in unilateral primary TKA.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yıldırım Beyazıt University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Mahmut
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Uğurlu
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yıldırım Beyazıt University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Mehmet Atıf Erol
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Aksekili
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yıldırım Beyazıt University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ceyhun
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Çağlar
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yıldırım Beyazıt University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Kağan
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yüksel
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Bulent Ecevit University Faculty of Medicine, Zonguldak, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ercan
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Şahin
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics, Yıldırım Beyazıt University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Mesut
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Akyol
mesh_terms: D061605:Administration, Intravenous; D000287:Administration, Topical; D000368:Aged; D000933:Antifibrinolytic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D019645:Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee; D016063:Blood Loss, Surgical / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020370:Osteoarthritis, Knee / Q000601:surgery*; D019106:Postoperative Hemorrhage / Q000517:prevention & control*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D014148:Tranexamic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D000933:Antifibrinolytic Agents; D014148:Tranexamic Acid