title: Dynamic online peer evaluations to improve group assignments in nursing e-learning environment.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this research was to evaluate the use of online peer evaluation forms for online group activities in improving group project outcomes.
  
  
  METHODS
  The investigator developed and used a web-based Google Forms® self and peer evaluation form of 2 group assignments' rubric for junior and senior nursing students. The form covered elements of the assignments including: research activity, analysis of the literature, writing of report, participation in making of presentation, overall contribution to the project, and participation in the weekly group discussions. Items were rated from 1 (did not contribute) to 5 (outstanding contribution) in addition to NA when one activity did not apply.
  
  
  METHODS
  The self and peer evaluation process was conducted twice: once after group assignment 1 and once after group assignment 2. The group assignments final products were done in the form of VoiceThread online presentations that were shared with the rest of the class reflecting the groups' work on a health informatics topic of interest.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data collected as the students completed self and peer evaluations for group assignments 1 and 2. Also, optional comments regarding member performance were collected to add contextual information in addition to ratings. Students received credit for completing the peer evaluations and the grade for the particular assignment was affected by their performance based on peer evaluations of their contributions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Students' peer evaluations showed in a color-coded spreadsheet which enabled the course faculty to view real time results of students' ratings after each assignment. The faculty provided timely and tailored feedback to groups or individuals as needed, using positive feedback and commending high performance while urging struggling individual students and groups to improve lower ratings in specific areas. Comparing evaluations of both assignments, there were statistically significant improvements among all students. The mean scores of the entire sample were skewed toward the higher end of the scale, suggesting an overall high performance group. However, analysis of the lower performing individuals showed consistent and statistically significant improvements in all areas of the evaluation criteria.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Anonymous peer evaluation activities and timely faculty feedback in e-Learning environment can be a useful tool to faculty to improve group performance over time by engaging the learners within their groups. Peer evaluations provided real time view of group mid-semester formative evaluations that allowed the faculty to provide timely and tailored feedback on student performance which allowed for better outcomes.
authors.affiliation: University of Minnesota School of Nursing, Child and Family Health Co-op, 5-140 Weaver-Densford Hall, 308 Harvard St. S.E., Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States. Electronic address: jehad@umn.edu.
authors.forename: Jehad
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Adwan
mesh_terms: D003194:Computer-Assisted Instruction; D004506:Education, Nursing; D004521:Educational Measurement / Q000379:methods*; D005246:Feedback; D006801:Humans; D020407:Internet; D008490:Medical Informatics / Q000193:education*; D010379:Peer Group
keywords: Group assignment; Nursing students; Peer evaluations; Real-time feedback