title: Plasma soluble erythropoietin receptor is decreased during sleep in Andean highlanders with Chronic Mountain Sickness.
abstract: Excessive erythrocytosis (EE) is the main sign of Chronic Mountain Sickness (CMS), a highly prevalent syndrome in Andean highlanders. Low pulse O2 saturation (SpO2) during sleep and serum androgens have been suggested to contribute to EE in CMS patients. However, whether these factors have a significant impact on the erythropoietin (Epo) system leading to EE is still unclear. We have recently shown that morning soluble Epo receptor (sEpoR), an endogenous Epo antagonist, is decreased in CMS patients suggesting increased Epo availability (increased Epo/sEpoR). The present study aimed to characterize the nocturnal concentration profile of sEpoR and Epo and their relationship with SpO2, Hct, and serum testosterone in healthy highlanders (HH) and CMS patients. Epo and sEpoR concentrations were evaluated every 4 h (6 PM to 6 AM) and nighttime SpO2 was continuously monitored (10 PM to 6 AM) in 39 male participants (CMS, n = 23; HH, n = 16) aged 21-65 yr from Cerro de Pasco, Peru (4,340 m). CMS patients showed higher serum Epo concentrations throughout the night and lower sEpoR from 10 PM to 6 AM. Consequently, Epo/sEpoR was significantly higher in the CMS group at every time point. Mean sleep-time SpO2 was lower in CMS patients compared with HH, while the percentage of sleep time spent with SpO2 < 80% was higher. Multiple-regression analysis showed mean sleep-time SpO2 and Epo/sEpoR as significant predictors of hematocrit corrected for potential confounders (age, body mass index, and testosterone). Testosterone levels were associated neither with Hct nor with erythropoietic factors. In conclusion, our results show sustained erythropoietic stimulus driven by the Epo system in CMS patients, further enhanced by a continuous exposure to accentuated nocturnal hypoxemia.
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Fisiología Comparada, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas y Fisiológicas, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru francisco.villafuerte@upch.pe.
authors.forename: Francisco C
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-0731-8911
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Villafuerte
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Fisiología Comparada, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas y Fisiológicas, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru.
authors.forename: Noemí
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Corante
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Fisiología Comparada, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas y Fisiológicas, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru.
authors.forename: Cecilia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Anza-Ramírez
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Fisiología Comparada, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas y Fisiológicas, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru.
authors.forename: Rómulo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Figueroa-Mujíca
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Fisiología Comparada, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas y Fisiológicas, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru.
authors.forename: Gustavo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Vizcardo-Galindo
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Fisiología Comparada, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas y Fisiológicas, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru.
authors.forename: Andy
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mercado
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Fisiología Comparada, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas y Fisiológicas, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru.
authors.forename: José Luis
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Macarlupú
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Fisiología Comparada, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas y Fisiológicas, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru.
authors.forename: Fabiola
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: León-Velarde
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000531:Altitude; D000532:Altitude Sickness / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D000728:Androgens / Q000097:blood; D002908:Chronic Disease; D006400:Hematocrit / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D000860:Hypoxia / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010100:Oxygen / Q000378:metabolism; D010568:Peru; D011086:Polycythemia / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D017467:Receptors, Erythropoietin / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism*; D012890:Sleep / Q000502:physiology*; D013739:Testosterone / Q000097:blood; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000728:Androgens; D017467:Receptors, Erythropoietin; D013739:Testosterone; D010100:Oxygen
keywords: Andes; Chronic Mountain Sickness; excessive erythrocytosis; sleep; soluble erythropoietin receptor