title: Substantial changes in hemocyte parameters of Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum two years after the Hebei Spirit oil spill off the west coast of Korea.
abstract: Two years after the Hebei Spirit oil spill occurred off the west coast of Korea, we determined sub-lethal effects of the spilled oil on hemocyte parameters of Ruditapes philippinarum in the damaged areas. Clams in the spilled sites displayed unusually high proportion of granulocytes, which may result in higher phagocytosis capacity and reactive oxygen species production. Hemocytes in clams from the polluted sites also displayed less DNA damage and mortality than in the control site, possibly due to a faster phagocytosis of the impaired cells. Glycogen, the major energetic reserve, was depleted in clams from the spilled sites, potentially due to energetic consumption for maintenance of a large pool of granulocytes, detoxification processes and oxidative stress. Modified hemocyte parameters in clams in the spilled area, may reflect sub-lethal physiological stresses caused by the residual oils in the sediment, in conjunction with environmental modifications such as food availability and pathogens pattern.
authors.affiliation: School of Marine Biomedical Science (BK21 PLUS), Jeju National University 102, Jejudaehakno, Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hyun-Ki
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.affiliation: School of Marine Biomedical Science (BK21 PLUS), Jeju National University 102, Jejudaehakno, Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Ludovic
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Donaghy
authors.affiliation: School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 500-712, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Chang-Keun
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.affiliation: School of Marine Biomedical Science (BK21 PLUS), Jeju National University 102, Jejudaehakno, Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hyun-Sil
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.affiliation: School of Marine Biomedical Science (BK21 PLUS), Jeju National University 102, Jejudaehakno, Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hee-Jung
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Marine Ecosystem and Environment Research Division, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology (KIOST), Ansan 425-600, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Heung-Sik
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: School of Marine Biomedical Science (BK21 PLUS), Jeju National University 102, Jejudaehakno, Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: skchoi@jejunu.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Kwang-Sik
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Choi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D049872:Bivalvia / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D006434:Hemocytes / Q000187:drug effects*; D059392:Petroleum Pollution / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis*; D010587:Phagocytosis / Q000187:drug effects; D056910:Republic of Korea; D013312:Stress, Physiological / Q000187:drug effects; D013997:Time Factors; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical
keywords: Cellular defense; Hebei Spirit oil spill; Hemocytes; Ruditapes philippinarum; Stresses