title: Left ventricular metabolism, function, and sympathetic innervation in men and women with type 1 diabetes.
abstract: In type I diabetes (T1DM), alterations in LV function may occur due to changes in innervation, metabolism, and efficiency.
  
  
  
  We evaluated the association between sympathetic nerve function, oxidative metabolism, resting blood flow, LV efficiency and function in healthy diabetics, and assessed gender differences.
  
  
  
  Cross-sectional study of 45 subjects with T1DM, 60% females, age 34 ± 13 years, and 10 age-matched controls. Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging with [(11)C]acetate and [(11)C]meta-hydroxyephedrine was performed, in addition to cardiac magnetic resonance imaging.
  
  
  
  There were no significant differences in LV function, innervation, or oxidative metabolism between T1DM and controls. Cardiac oxidative metabolism was positively associated with higher levels of sympathetic activation, particularly in women. Diabetic women had significantly lower efficiency compared with diabetic men. Resting flow was significantly higher in diabetic women compared with diabetic men, and tended to be higher in female controls as well.
  
  
  
  Measures of myocardial function, metabolism, blood flow, and sympathetic activation were preserved in young, otherwise healthy, T1DM patients. However, T1DM women presented with greater myocardial oxidative metabolism requirements than men. Ongoing studies are evaluating changes over time.
authors.affiliation: Cardiology Section, VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.|Division of Cardiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
authors.forename: Claire S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Duvernoy
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
authors.forename: David M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Raffel
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
authors.forename: Scott D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Swanson
authors.affiliation: Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Michigan, 5329 Brehm Tower, 1000 Wall Street, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA.
authors.forename: Mamta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jaiswal
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
authors.forename: Gisela
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mueller
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
authors.forename: El-Sayed
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Ibrahim
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
authors.forename: Subramaniam
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pennathur
authors.affiliation: Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Michigan, 5329 Brehm Tower, 1000 Wall Street, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA.
authors.forename: Cynthia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Plunkett
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
authors.forename: Jadranka
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Stojanovska
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
authors.forename: Morton B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.affiliation: Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Michigan, 5329 Brehm Tower, 1000 Wall Street, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA. rpbusui@umich.edu.
authors.forename: Rodica
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pop-Busui
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity; D003326:Coronary Circulation; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D058065:Diabetic Cardiomyopathies / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004809:Ephedrine / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D005260:Female; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D013318:Stroke Volume; D013564:Sympathetic Nervous System / Q000503:physiopathology*; D018487:Ventricular Dysfunction, Left / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology*
chemical_list: D004809:Ephedrine
keywords: Diabetes Mellitus; cardiac autonomic neuropathy; female; myocardium; positron emission tomography