title: Diversity and associations between Drosophilidae (Diptera) species and Basidiomycetes in a Neotropical forest.
abstract: Drosophilidae is one of the most representative families of insects that occurs in fungal fruiting bodies of Basidiomycetes; however, the diversity and community structure of mycophagous Drosophilidae in the Neotropical region is poorly known. The aims of the present study were to describe the diversity of mycophagous Drosophilidae and to investigate its colonization of fungal hosts in a forest of southern Brazil. From 120 fungal samples (patches of mushrooms) of 17 Basidiomycetes genera, flies were recorded emerging from 70 samples and collected in adult stages of 25 fungal samples, for a total of 4897 drosophilids belonging to 31 species and 5 genera. Drosophila Fallén was the most species-rich genus, whereas Hirtodrosophila Duda was the dominant genus. Studies performed in the Holarctic region indicate that mycophagous drosophilid have generalist habits; however, our results showed that most drosophilids use fewer than two fungal hosts, and most species of Hirtodrosophila and Leucophenga were restricted to abundant fungal species, suggesting a specialization for these resources. The most specialized fauna emerged from Auricularia, which was the most frequent fungal genus in our collection, and this result supports the assumption that specialization depends on the availability of fungal resources over time.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular e Bioagentes Patogênicos, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Avenida Bandeirantes, 3900, 14049-900 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil, Universidade de São Paulo, Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular e Bioagentes Patogênicos, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto SP , Brazil.
authors.forename: Felipe B
authors.initials: FB
authors.lastname: Valer
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Instituto de Biologia, Campus Capão do Leão, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Caixa Postal 354, 96010-000 Pelotas, RS, Brasil, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas RS , Brazil.
authors.forename: Eduardo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bernardi
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Ecologia, Zoologia e Genética, Instituto de Biologia, Campus Capão do Leão, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Caixa Postal 354, 96010-000 Pelotas, RS, Brasil, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Departamento de Ecologia, Zoologia e Genética, Instituto de Biologia, Campus Capão do Leão, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas RS , Brazil.
authors.forename: Mayara F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Mendes
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Ecologia, Zoologia e Genética, Instituto de Biologia, Campus Capão do Leão, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Caixa Postal 354, 96010-000 Pelotas, RS, Brasil, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Departamento de Ecologia, Zoologia e Genética, Instituto de Biologia, Campus Capão do Leão, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas RS , Brazil.
authors.forename: Monica L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Blauth
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Ecologia, Zoologia e Genética, Instituto de Biologia, Campus Capão do Leão, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Caixa Postal 354, 96010-000 Pelotas, RS, Brasil, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Departamento de Ecologia, Zoologia e Genética, Instituto de Biologia, Campus Capão do Leão, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas RS , Brazil.
authors.forename: Marco S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Gottschalk
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001487:Basidiomycota; D001938:Brazil; D004330:Drosophila / Q000145:classification*; D065928:Forests