title: Detection of heavy metal by paper-based microfluidics.
abstract: Heavy metal pollution has shown great threat to the environment and public health worldwide. Current methods for the detection of heavy metals require expensive instrumentation and laborious operation, which can only be accomplished in centralized laboratories. Various microfluidic paper-based analytical devices have been developed recently as simple, cheap and disposable alternatives to conventional ones for on-site detection of heavy metals. In this review, we first summarize current development of paper-based analytical devices and discuss the selection of paper substrates, methods of device fabrication, and relevant theories in these devices. We then compare and categorize recent reports on detection of heavy metals using paper-based microfluidic devices on the basis of various detection mechanisms, such as colorimetric, fluorescent, and electrochemical methods. To finalize, the future development and trend in this field are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA.
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA.
authors.forename: Dmitry
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gritsenko
authors.affiliation: Food, Nutrition and Health Program, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada.
authors.forename: Shaolong
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.affiliation: Food, Nutrition and Health Program, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada.
authors.forename: Yi Chen
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Teh
authors.affiliation: Food, Nutrition and Health Program, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada. Electronic address: xiaonan.lu@ubc.ca.
authors.forename: Xiaonan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA. Electronic address: jiexu@uic.edu.
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D004867:Equipment Design; D006801:Humans; D019216:Metals, Heavy / Q000032:analysis*; D046210:Microfluidic Analytical Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D010209:Paper
chemical_list: D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D019216:Metals, Heavy
keywords: Capillary flow; Detection; Heavy metal; Paper-based microfluidics