title: Physiological Motion Axis for the Seat of a Dynamic Office Chair.
abstract: The aim of this study was to determine and verify the optimal location of the motion axis (MA) for the seat of a dynamic office chair.
  
  
  
  A dynamic seat that supports pelvic motion may improve physical well-being and decrease the risk of sitting-associated disorders. However, office work requires an undisturbed view on the work task, which means a stable position of the upper trunk and head. Current dynamic office chairs do not fulfill this need. Consequently, a dynamic seat was adapted to the physiological kinematics of the human spine.
  
  
  
  Three-dimensional motion tracking in free sitting helped determine the physiological MA of the spine in the frontal plane. Three dynamic seats with physiological, lower, and higher MA were compared in stable upper body posture (thorax inclination) and seat support of pelvic motion (dynamic fitting accuracy). Spinal kinematics during sitting and walking were compared.
  
  
  
  The physiological MA was at the level of the 11th thoracic vertebra, causing minimal thorax inclination and high dynamic fitting accuracy. Spinal motion in active sitting and walking was similar.
  
  
  
  The physiological MA of the seat allows considerable lateral flexion of the spine similar to walking with a stable upper body posture and a high seat support of pelvic motion.
  
  
  
  The physiological MA enables lateral flexion of the spine, similar to walking, without affecting stable upper body posture, thus allowing active sitting while focusing on work.
authors.affiliation: ZHAW Zurich University of Applied SciencesRehabilitation Centre, Valens, Switzerland roman.kuster@alumni.ethz.ch.
authors.forename: Roman Peter
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Kuster
authors.affiliation: ZHAW Zurich University of Applied SciencesRehabilitation Centre, Valens, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Christoph Markus
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Bauer
authors.affiliation: ZHAW Zurich University of Applied Sciences.
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Oetiker
authors.affiliation: Rehabilitation Centre, Valens, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kool
mesh_terms: D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D006804:Ergonomics; D006801:Humans; D009038:Motion; D011187:Posture / Q000502:physiology*; D013131:Spine / Q000502:physiology*; D017132:Workplace
keywords: active sitting; biomechanics; dynamic office seat; kinematics; low back; measures; motion axis; occupational sitting; physical ergonomics; spine