title: Intradermal vaccination for infants and children.
abstract: Intradermal (ID) vaccination induces a more potent immune response and requires lower vaccine doses as compared with standard vaccination routes. To deliver ID vaccines effectively and consistently, an ID delivery device has been developed and is commercially available for adults. The clinical application of ID vaccines for infants and children is much anticipated because children receive several vaccines, on multiple occasions, during infancy and childhood. However, experience with ID vaccines is limited and present evidence is sparse and inconsistent. ID delivery devices are not currently available for infants and children, but recent studies have examined skin thickness in this population and reported that it did not differ in proportion to body size in infants, children, and adults. These results are helpful in developing new ID devices and for preparing new vaccines in infants and children.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Pediatrics , Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences , Niigata , Japan.
authors.forename: Akihiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Saitoh
authors.affiliation: a Department of Pediatrics , Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences , Niigata , Japan.
authors.forename: Yuta
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Aizawa
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems / Q000295:instrumentation*; D004864:Equipment and Supplies; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007271:Injections, Intradermal / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*; D014611:Vaccination / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*
keywords: child; device; infant; intradermal vaccination; intramuscular vaccination; needle length; skin thickness; subcutaneous vaccination; ultrasonography