title: [Pioneering surgical innovations in Germany : Part 2: public funding and origins of surgical innovations].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In recent years research that conforms with evidence-based medicine (EBM) has been demanded even in surgery. Uniform studies were carried out to prove the benefits of new procedures; however, compared to other research sectors, public third party funding for surgical research was significantly cut back.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Collation of special features in surgery with respect to external funding of surgical top level research. Examination of the benefits of a continuous promotion and of organizations involved in research.
  
  
  METHODS
  Part one of this investigation presented the methods used to identify and analyze pioneering research in surgery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Out of a total of 15 revolutionary innovations only 3 projects were financed by external funding and 2 projects received indirect financial support as a result of a cooperation with the medical industry. This demonstrates that the majority of projects were neither directly nor indirectly subsidized. Apart from one instance the majority of innovations were generated by university hospitals highly active in research.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In effect, the non-existing external funding for outstanding surgical innovations and hospitals suggests that a reformation of surgical research is required. To strengthen the quality of innovations in surgery a concentration of funding to institutions that are highly active in research makes sense. Institutional funding directly linked to a project should form a key component of support particularly in the early stages of development.
authors.affiliation: Klinik für Thorax-, Herz- und Gefäßchirurgie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Deutschland.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Weber
authors.affiliation: Klinik für Thorax-, Herz- und Gefäßchirurgie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Deutschland. Haverich.Axel@mh-hannover.de.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Haverich
mesh_terms: D004059:Diffusion of Innovation; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine / Q000191:economics*; D005380:Financing, Government / Q000191:economics*; D005858:Germany; D006801:Humans; D011643:Publishing / Q000191:economics*; D012109:Research Support as Topic / Q000191:economics*; D012955:Societies, Medical; D013514:Surgical Procedures, Operative / Q000191:economics*
keywords: Evidence based medicine; Origin of innovations; Research; Surgery; Third party funding