title: Copy number variations in urine cell free DNA as biomarkers in advanced prostate cancer.
abstract: Genetic profiling of urine cell free DNA (cfDNA) has not been evaluated in advanced prostate cancer. We performed whole genome sequencing of urine cfDNAs to identify tumor-associated copy number variations in urine before and after initiating androgen deprivation therapy in HSPC stage and docetaxel chemotherapy in CRPC stage. A log2 ratio-based copy number analysis detected common genomic abnormalities in prostate cancer including AR amplification in 5/10 CRPC patients. Other abnormalities identified included TMPRSS2-ERG fusion, PTEN gene deletion, NOTCH1 locus amplification along with genomic amplifications at 8q24.3, 9q34.3, 11p15.5 and 14q11.2, and deletions at 4q35.2, 5q31.3, 7q36.3, 12q24.33, and 16p11.2. By comparing copy number between pre- and post-treatment, we found significant copy number changes in 34 genomic loci. To estimate the somatic tumor DNA fraction in urine cfDNAs, we developed a Urine Genomic Abnormality (UGA) score algorithm that summed the top ten most significant segments with copy number changes. The UGA scores correlated with tumor burden and the change in UGA score after stage-specific therapies reflected disease progression status and overall survival. The study demonstrates the potential clinical utility of urine cfDNAs in predicting treatment response and monitoring disease progression.
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.|Department of Pathology and MCW Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
authors.forename: Yun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xia
authors.affiliation: Joseph J. Zilber School of Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
authors.forename: Chiang-Ching
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and MCW Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
authors.forename: Rachel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dittmar
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and MCW Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
authors.forename: Meijun
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Du
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and MCW Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
authors.forename: Yuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and MCW Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
authors.forename: Hongyan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
authors.forename: Niraj
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Shenoy
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and MCW Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
authors.forename: Liang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
authors.forename: Manish
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kohli
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000726:Androgen Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000235:genetics* / Q000652:urine; D000073888:Cell-Free Nucleic Acids / Q000235:genetics* / Q000652:urine; D002869:Chromosome Aberrations / Q000187:drug effects; D056915:DNA Copy Number Variations; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm / Q000235:genetics* / Q000652:urine; D000077143:Docetaxel; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care / Q000379:methods; D051059:PTEN Phosphohydrolase / Q000235:genetics; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics* / Q000652:urine; D051881:Receptor, Notch1 / Q000235:genetics; D011944:Receptors, Androgen / Q000235:genetics; D043823:Taxoids / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000726:Androgen Antagonists; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D000073888:Cell-Free Nucleic Acids; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm; C497761:NOTCH1 protein, human; D051881:Receptor, Notch1; D011944:Receptors, Androgen; D043823:Taxoids; D000077143:Docetaxel; D051059:PTEN Phosphohydrolase; C494929:PTEN protein, human
keywords: cell free DNA; liquid biopsy; next generation sequencing; prostate cancer; urine