title: N(ϵ) -Carboxymethyllysine Increases the Expression of miR-103/143 and Enhances Lipid Accumulation in 3T3-L1 Cells.
abstract: Advanced glycation endproducts, formed in vivo, but also by the Maillard reaction upon thermal treatment of foods, have been associated with the progression of pathological conditions such as diabetes mellitus. In addition to the accumulation with age, exogenous AGEs are introduced into the circulation from dietary sources. In this study, we investigated the effects of addition of free N(ϵ) -carboxymethyllysine (CML), a well-characterized product of the Maillard reaction, on adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Treatment with 5, 50, or 500 μM CML resulted in increased lipid accumulation to similar extents, by 11.5 ± 12.6%, 12.9 ± 8.6%, and 12.8 ± 8.5%, respectively. Long-term treatment with 500 μM CML during adipogenesis resulted in increases in miR-103 and miR-143 levels, two miRNAs described to be involved in impaired glucose homeostasis and increased lipid accumulation. Furthermore, the expression of genes associated with these miRNAs, consisting of Akt1, PI3k, and Cav1 was regulated by CML. Short-term treatment of mature 3T3-L1 adipocytes with CML resulted in decreased basal glucose uptake. These results, indicate that the addition of protein-free CML to 3T3-L1 cells influence parameters associated with adipogenesis and glucose homeostasis at transcriptional, and functional level; this indicates that free CML derived from exogenous sources, in addition to protein-bound CML may be relevant in this context. J. Cell. Biochem. 117: 2413-2422, 2016. © 2016 The Authors. Journal of Cellular Biochemistry Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Nutritional and Physiological Chemistry, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14, Vienna 1090, Austria.
authors.forename: Ann-Katrin
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Holik
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Chemistry, Christian Doppler Laboratory for Bioactive Aroma Compounds, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14, Vienna 1090, Austria.
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lieder
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14, Vienna 1090, Austria.
authors.forename: Nicole
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kretschy
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14, Vienna 1090, Austria.
authors.forename: Mark M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Somoza
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin.
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Held
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Nutritional and Physiological Chemistry, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14, Vienna 1090, Austria.|Faculty of Chemistry, Christian Doppler Laboratory for Bioactive Aroma Compounds, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14, Vienna 1090, Austria.
authors.forename: Veronika
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Somoza
mesh_terms: D041721:3T3-L1 Cells; D017667:Adipocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D050156:Adipogenesis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D015153:Blotting, Western; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000378:metabolism*; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D050356:Lipid Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects*; D008239:Lysine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D051379:Mice; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: D005227:Fatty Acids; C555364:MIRN103 microRNA, mouse; D035683:MicroRNAs; C532884:MIRN143 microRNA, mouse; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C048496:N(6)-carboxymethyllysine; D005947:Glucose; D008239:Lysine
keywords: 3T3-L1; ADIPOGENESIS; N-epsilon-carboxymethyllysine; microRNA