title: Antibiotic Resistance, RAPD- PCR Typing of Multiple Drug Resistant Strains of Escherichia Coli From Urinary Tract Infection (UTI).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Global spreading of multidrug resistant strains of Escherichia coli is responsible for Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) which is a major health problem in of concern. Among the gram negative bacteria, the major contributors for UTI belongs to the family Enterobacteriaceae, which includes E. coli, Klebsiella, Citrobacter and Proteus. However, E. coli accounts for the major cause of Urinary tract infections (UTIs) and accounts for 75% to 90% of UTI isolates.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The main aim of this study is to analyse the phylogenetic grouping of clinical isolates of UTI E. coli.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this study nearly 58 E. coli strains were isolated and confirmed through microbiological, biochemical characterization. The urine samples were collected from outpatients having symptoms of UTI, irrespective of age and sex in Tamil Nadu, India. The isolates were subjected to analyse for ESBL and AmpC β-lactamase production. To understand its genetic correlation, molecular typing was carried out using RAPD-PCR method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Here we noted phenotypically twenty seven isolates were positive for ESBL and seven for AmpC β-lactamase production. However, among the ESBL isolates higher sensitivity was noted for Nitrofurantoin and Cefoxitin. It is worth to note that the prevalence of UTIs was more common among female and elderly male. Phylogenetic grouping revealed the presence of 24 isolates belonged to B2 group followed by 19 isolates to group A, eight isolates to group B1 and Seven isolates to group D.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Phenotypically most of the strains were positive for ESBL and showed high sensitivity for Nitrofurantoin and cefoxitin.
authors.affiliation: Research Scholar, Department of Genetic Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Madurai Kamaraj University , Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India .
authors.forename: Xavier Alexander
authors.initials: XA
authors.lastname: Marialouis
authors.affiliation: Professor, National Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, University of Madras , Guindy Campus, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India .
authors.forename: Amutha
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Santhanam
keywords: Antibiogram profiling; Molecular typing; Random amplified polymorphic DNA; β-lactamase