title: Effects of obesity on lung volume and capacity in children and adolescents: a systematic review.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the effects of obesity on lung volume and capacity in children and adolescents.
  
  
  METHODS
  This is a systematic review, carried out in Pubmed, Lilacs, Scielo and PEDro databases, using the following Keywords: Plethysmography; Whole Body OR Lung Volume Measurements OR Total Lung Capacity OR Functional Residual Capacity OR Residual Volume AND Obesity. Observational studies or clinical trials that assessed the effects of obesity on lung volume and capacity in children and adolescents (0-18 years) without any other associated disease; in English; Portuguese and Spanish languages were selected. Methodological quality was assessed by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 1,030 articles, only four were included in the review. The studies amounted to 548 participants, predominantly males, with sample size ranging from 45 to 327 individuals. 100% of the studies evaluated nutritional status through BMI (z-score) and 50.0% reported the data on abdominal circumference. All demonstrated that obesity causes negative effects on lung volume and capacity, causing a reduction mainly in functional residual capacity in 75.0% of the studies; in the expiratory reserve volume in 50.0% and in the residual volume in 25.0%. The methodological quality ranged from moderate to high, with 75.0% of the studies classified as having high methodological quality.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Obesity causes deleterious effects on lung volume and capacity in children and adolescents, mainly by reducing functional residual capacity, expiratory reserve volume and residual volume.
authors.affiliation: Universidade de Caxias do Sul (UCS), Caxias do Sul, RS, Brasil.
authors.forename: Aline Dill
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Winck
authors.affiliation: Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUC-RS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil. Electronic address: joaopauloheinzmann@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: João Paulo
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Heinzmann-Filho
authors.affiliation: Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUC-RS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil.
authors.forename: Rafaela Borges
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Soares
authors.affiliation: Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUC-RS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil.
authors.forename: Juliana Severo
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: da Silva
authors.affiliation: Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUC-RS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil.
authors.forename: Cristhiele Taís
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Woszezenki
authors.affiliation: Instituto Cenecista de Ensino Superior de Santo Ângelo (Iesa), Santo Ângelo, RS, Brasil.
authors.forename: Letiane Bueno
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Zanatta
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D006801:Humans; D008168:Lung / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008176:Lung Volume Measurements; D063766:Pediatric Obesity / Q000503:physiopathology*
keywords: Lung function tests; Lung volume measurements; Medidas de volume pulmonar; Obesidade; Obesity; Pediatria; Pediatrics; Pletismografia total; Testes de função pulmonar; Total plethysmography