title: Efficacy and safety of botulinum toxin injection for interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the overall treatment efficacy and safety of botulinum toxin type A (BoNTA) injections compared with placebo in interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS).
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of the published literature in PubMed, Cochrane Library, and EMBASE on BoNTA use in IC/BPS. Outcome measures included changes of OLS, ICSI, ICPI, VAS, frequency, nocturia, FBC, Qmax, and PVR from baseline and also included adverse events.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of five studies were included, with a total sample size of 252 subjects (133 subjects in the experimental group and 119 subjects in the control group). The duration of follow-up ranged from 8 to 12 weeks. The BoNTA dosage was from 50 to 200 U. The pooled overall SMD in the mean change of VAS for the BoNTA group versus the placebo group was -0.49 (95 % CI -0.74, -0.23). There were also significant improvements in ICPI and frequency. The other outcomes (ICSI, nocturia, Qmax, and FBC) were not statistically different between the two groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although BoNTA is not regulatory approved indication, this first evidence-based systematic review and meta-analysis of BoNTA injection for IC/BPS showed significant differences in efficacy of treatment compared with placebo, especially for pain control, and also showed no differences in the rate of procedure-related adverse events.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Clinical Molecular Biology Research, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Sung Ryul
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Shim
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Medical Informatics, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Young Joo
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.affiliation: Department of Education, College of Education, Jeonju University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: In-Soo
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Soonchunhyang University School of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, 140-743, Republic of Korea. piacekjh@hanmail.net.
authors.forename: Jae Heon
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000283:Administration, Intravesical; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018856:Cystitis, Interstitial / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010146:Pain / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000187:drug effects*; D061214:Patient Safety / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D056910:Republic of Korea; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013577:Syndrome; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014563:Urodynamics
chemical_list: D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A
keywords: Bladder pain syndrome; Botulinum toxin; Interstitial cystitis; Meta-analysis; Placebo