title: Response surface methodology applied to Supercritical Fluid Extraction (SFE) of carotenoids from Persimmon (Diospyros kaki L.).
abstract: Supercritical carbon dioxide with ethanol as co-solvent was used to extract carotenoids from persimmon fruits (Diospyros kaki L.). Based on a response surface methodology (RSM), a predicting model describing the effects of CO2 temperature, pressure, flow rate, ethanol percentage and extraction time was set up for each of the four carotenoids of interest. The best extraction yields in our experimental domain were found at 300 bars, 60°C, 25% (w/w) ethanol, 3mL/min flow rate and 30min for xanthophylls (all-trans-lutein, all-trans-zeaxanthin and all-trans-β-cryptoxanthin). The yields were 15.46±0.56, 16.81±1.74 and 33.23±2.91μg/g of persimmon powder for all-trans-lutein, all-trans-zeaxanthin and all-trans-β-cryptoxanthin, respectively. As a non-oxygenated carotenoid, all-trans-β-carotene was better extracted using 100 bars, 40°C, 25% (w/w) ethanol, 1mL/min flow rate and 30min extraction time, with an extraction yield of 11.19±0.47μg/g of persimmon powder.
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés (LRGP), UMR 7274, CNRS-Université de Lorraine, ENSIC, 1 rue Grandville, 54001 Nancy, France; Laboratoire de Chimie Physique Macromoléculaire (LCPM), UMR 7375, CNRS-Université de Lorraine, ENSIC, 1 rue Grandville, 54001 Nancy, France; Laboratoire d'Application de la Chimie aux Ressources et Substances Naturelles et à l'Environnement, LACReSNE, Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte, 7021 Bizerte, Université de Carthage, Tunisia.
authors.forename: Khalil
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Zaghdoudi
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés (LRGP), UMR 7274, CNRS-Université de Lorraine, ENSIC, 1 rue Grandville, 54001 Nancy, France.
authors.forename: Xavier
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Framboisier
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés (LRGP), UMR 7274, CNRS-Université de Lorraine, ENSIC, 1 rue Grandville, 54001 Nancy, France.
authors.forename: Céline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Frochot
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Chimie Physique Macromoléculaire (LCPM), UMR 7375, CNRS-Université de Lorraine, ENSIC, 1 rue Grandville, 54001 Nancy, France.
authors.forename: Régis
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Vanderesse
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés (LRGP), UMR 7274, CNRS-Université de Lorraine, ENSIC, 1 rue Grandville, 54001 Nancy, France.
authors.forename: Danielle
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Barth
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire d'Application de la Chimie aux Ressources et Substances Naturelles et à l'Environnement, LACReSNE, Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte, 7021 Bizerte, Université de Carthage, Tunisia.
authors.forename: Jamila
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kalthoum-Cherif
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés (LRGP), UMR 7274, CNRS-Université de Lorraine, ENSIC, 1 rue Grandville, 54001 Nancy, France.
authors.forename: Fabrice
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Blanchard
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés (LRGP), UMR 7274, CNRS-Université de Lorraine, ENSIC, 1 rue Grandville, 54001 Nancy, France. Electronic address: yann.guiavarch@univ-lorraine.fr.
authors.forename: Yann
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Guiavarc'h
mesh_terms: D002338:Carotenoids / Q000032:analysis*; D025924:Chromatography, Supercritical Fluid / Q000379:methods*; D065366:Cryptoxanthins / Q000032:analysis; D029788:Diospyros / Q000737:chemistry*; D000431:Ethanol / Q000737:chemistry; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry*; D057230:Limit of Detection; D014975:Lutein / Q000032:analysis; D013696:Temperature; D024341:Xanthophylls / Q000032:analysis; D065146:Zeaxanthins / Q000032:analysis; D019207:beta Carotene / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D065366:Cryptoxanthins; D024341:Xanthophylls; D065146:Zeaxanthins; D019207:beta Carotene; D002338:Carotenoids; D000431:Ethanol; D014975:Lutein
keywords: Carotenoids; Modeling; Persimmon; Supercritical Fluid Extraction (SFE); Surface response methodology (SRM); all-trans-lutein (PubChem CID: 6433159); all-trans-zeaxanthin (PubChem CID: 5280899); all-trans-β-carotene (PubChem CID: 5280489); all-trans-β-cryptoxanthin (PubChem CID: 5281235)