title: Single-indicator-based Multidimensional Sensing: Detection and Identification of Heavy Metal Ions and Understanding the Foundations from Experiment to Simulation.
abstract: Multidimensional sensing offers advantages in accuracy, diversity and capability for the simultaneous detection and discrimination of multiple analytes, however, the previous reports usually require complicated synthesis/fabrication process and/or need a variety of techniques (or instruments) to acquire signals. Therefore, to take full advantages of this concept, simple designs are highly desirable. Herein, a novel concept is conceived to construct multidimensional sensing platforms based on a single indicator that has capability of showing diverse color/fluorescence responses with the addition of different analytes. Through extracting hidden information from these responses, such as red, green and blue (RGB) alterations, a triple-channel-based multidimensional sensing platform could consequently be fabricated, and the RGB alterations are further applicable to standard statistical methods. As a proof-of-concept study, a triple-channel sensing platform is fabricated solely using dithizone with assistance of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) for hyperchromicity and sensitization, which demonstrates superior capabilities in detection and identification of ten common heavy metal ions at their standard concentrations of wastewater-discharge of China. Moreover, this sensing platform exhibits promising applications in semi-quantitative and even quantitative analysis individuals of these heavy metal ions with high sensitivity as well. Finally, density functional theory calculations are performed to reveal the foundations for this analysis.
authors.affiliation: Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology &Engineering (NIMTE), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China.|College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, China.
authors.forename: Yumin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Leng
authors.affiliation: Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology &Engineering (NIMTE), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China.
authors.forename: Sihua
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Qian
authors.affiliation: Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology &Engineering (NIMTE), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China.
authors.forename: Yuhui
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, China.
authors.forename: Cheng
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, China.
authors.forename: Xiaoxu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Ji
authors.affiliation: College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, China.
authors.forename: Zhiwen
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology &Engineering (NIMTE), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China.
authors.forename: Hengwei
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lin
mesh_terms: D000077286:Cetrimonium; D002593:Cetrimonium Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D003198:Computer Simulation; D004230:Dithizone / Q000737:chemistry; D019216:Metals, Heavy / Q000032:analysis*; D062065:Wastewater / Q000032:analysis*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical
chemical_list: D000077286:Cetrimonium; D002593:Cetrimonium Compounds; D004230:Dithizone; D019216:Metals, Heavy; D062065:Wastewater; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical