title: Optimization of a Virus-Induced Gene Silencing System with Soybean yellow common mosaic virus for Gene Function Studies in Soybeans.
abstract: Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) is an effective tool for the study of soybean gene function. Successful VIGS depends on the interaction between virus spread and plant growth, which can be influenced by environmental conditions. Recently, we developed a new VIGS system derived from the Soybean yellow common mosaic virus (SYCMV). Here, we investigated several environmental and developmental factors to improve the efficiency of a SYCMV-based VIGS system to optimize the functional analysis of the soybean. Following SYCMV: Glycine max-phytoene desaturase (GmPDS) infiltration, we investigated the effect of photoperiod, inoculation time, concentration of Agrobacterium inoculm, and growth temperature on VIGS efficiency. In addition, the relative expression of GmPDS between non-silenced and silenced plants was measured by qRT-PCR. We found that gene silencing efficiency was highest at a photoperiod of 16/8 h (light/dark) at a growth temperature of approximately 27°C following syringe infiltration to unrolled unifoliolate leaves in cotyledon stage with a final SYCMV:GmPDS optimal density (OD)600 of 2.0. Using this optimized protocol, we achieved high efficiency of GmPDS-silencing in various soybean germplasms including cultivated and wild soybeans. We also confirmed that VIGS occurred in the entire plant, including the root, stem, leaves, and flowers, and could transmit GmPDS to other soybean germplasms via mechanical inoculation. This optimized protocol using a SYCMV-based VIGS system in the soybean should provide a fast and effective method to elucidate gene functions and for use in large-scale screening experiments.
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon 441-707, Korea.
authors.forename: Kil Hyun
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 305-806, Korea; Biosystems and Bioengineering Program, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-350, Korea.
authors.forename: Seungmo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Science and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Korea.
authors.forename: Yang Jae
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Science and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Korea.
authors.forename: Min Young
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Yoon
authors.affiliation: School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Korea.
authors.forename: Moon
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nam
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Bioscience, College of Natural Resources & Life Science, Pusan National University, Pusan 627-706, Korea.
authors.forename: Tae Hwan
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Jun
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon 441-707, Korea.
authors.forename: Min-Jung
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Seo
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon 441-707, Korea.
authors.forename: Seong-Bum
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Baek
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon 441-707, Korea.
authors.forename: Jeom-Ho
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon 441-707, Korea.
authors.forename: Jung-Kyung
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Moon
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Science and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Korea.
authors.forename: Suk-Ha
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Korea.
authors.forename: Su-Heon
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Biology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Korea.
authors.forename: Hyoun-Sub
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.affiliation: Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 305-806, Korea; Biosystems and Bioengineering Program, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-350, Korea.
authors.forename: Jae Sun
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Moon
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon 441-707, Korea.
authors.forename: Chang-Hwan
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Park
keywords: GmPDS; SYCMV; VIGS; optimal condition; soybean