title: The response of thyroid hormones, biochemical and enzymological biomarkers to pyrene exposure in common carp (Cyprinus carpio).
abstract: Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) are discharged into aquatic environments through anthropogenic activities mainly industrial and municipal effluents. There is little information on the adverse effects of pyrene, a member of the PAH family which is classified as a priority pollutant by the USEPA, on fish biochemical and physiological endpoints, particularly thyroid hormones. The present study investigated the effects of subacute semi-static pyrene exposure on biochemical, enzymological and ionoregulatory responses as well as thyroid hormones in common carp (Cyprinus carpio). The fish (140±10g, 1(+) year) were exposed to 10, 50 and 100µg/l nominal concentrations of pyrene for 35 days. The results revealed that pyrene at these concentrations significantly altered plasma levels of glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride, total protein, albumin, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). Moreover, plasma thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) were significantly decreased in fish exposed to pyrene. In contrast, plasma electrolytes (sodium, potassium and calcium) levels remained statistically unchanged after exposure to the various pyrene concentrations. In conclusion, the studied biomarkers may be used as monitoring tools to evaluate pyrene toxicity. Pyrene induced diverse effects on the physiological endpoints of common carp, thus this chemical should be considered in toxicity studies concerning PAHs. Furthermore, this study confirmed that there was an interaction between pyrene and the thyroid system in fish. Therefore, the thyroid system may be used to assess the impact of pyrene on fish.
authors.affiliation: Department of Fisheries, Marine Sciences Faculty, Tarbiat Modares University, Noor, Iran. Electronic address: imanshirdel@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Iman
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Shirdel
authors.affiliation: Department of Fisheries, Marine Sciences Faculty, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box 46414-356, Noor, Iran. Electronic address: kalbassi_m@modares.ac.ir.
authors.forename: Mohammad Reza
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Kalbassi
authors.affiliation: Department of Fisheries, Hormozgan University, Bandar Abbas, Iran.
authors.forename: Milad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shokri
authors.affiliation: Department of Marine Biology, Marine Sciences Faculty, Tarbiat Modares University, Noor, Iran.
authors.forename: Roya
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Olyaei
authors.affiliation: Department of Aquatic Animal Health and Diseases, Iranian Fisheries Research Organization, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Issa
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Sharifpour
mesh_terms: D000410:Alanine Transaminase / Q000097:blood; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000097:blood; D000818:Animals; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases / Q000097:blood; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000187:drug effects; D002347:Carps / Q000097:blood*; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D011721:Pyrenes / Q000633:toxicity*; D012709:Serum Albumin / Q000187:drug effects; D013963:Thyroid Hormones; D013974:Thyroxine / Q000097:blood*; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood; D014284:Triiodothyronine / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D001786:Blood Glucose; D011721:Pyrenes; D012709:Serum Albumin; D013963:Thyroid Hormones; D014280:Triglycerides; D014284:Triiodothyronine; D002784:Cholesterol; C030984:pyrene; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases; D000410:Alanine Transaminase; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase; D013974:Thyroxine
keywords: Common carp; Liver function enzymes; Plasma metabolites; Pyrene; Thyroid hormones