title: The Effect of Garlic Derivatives (S-Allylmercaptocysteine, Diallyl Disulfide, and S-Allylcysteine) on Gentamicin Induced Ototoxicity: An Experimental Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Gentamicin is a potent aminoglycoside antibiotic. Ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity are the main side effects which restrict the use of gentamicin. Garlic with its intrinsic antioxidant activity may prove beneficial in prevention from ototoxicity. S-allylmercaptocysteine (SAMC), diallyl disulfide (DD), and S-allylcysteine (SAC) are three active compounds found in garlic. In this study, we investigated the effect of SAMC, DD, and SAC on the ototoxicity induced by gentamicin in rats, by using brainstem evoked response audiometry (BERA).
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty male Wistar rats with intact Preyer's reflex initially weighing 220-260 g were randomly assigned to either the gentamicin injection with SAMC treatment group (Genta-w SAMC), DD treatment group (Genta-w DD), SAC treatment group (Genta-w SAC), gentamicin injection without any active compounds (AC) treatment groups (Genta-w/o AC), or control group (n=6 rats each group). Gentamicin was given 120-mg/kg body weight, intraperitoneally once daily for 25 days to subjects in all groups except the control group. SAMC 100-mg/kg, and DD 50-mg/kg body weight were given intragastrically, and SAC 250-mg/kg body weight was given intraperitoneally once daily to subjects in Genta-w SAMC, and Genta-w DD, and Genta-w SAC groups, respectively during the study. After 25 days hearing thresholds were evaluated by using BERA test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean amplitude of auditory thresholds (sensation level [SL]) measured by using BERA for the Genta-w SAMC, Genta-w DD, Genta-w SAC, Genta-w/o AC, and control groups were 22±8, 25±5, 30±9, 54±11, and 10±7 dB SL, respectively (mean±SD). The differences between every active compound group (Genta-w SAMC, Genta-w DD, and Genta-w SAC) and Genta-w/o AC were statistically significant (P<0.016).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  SAMC, DD, and SAC are derivative of garlic seems to attenuate aminoglycoside-induced hearing loss. The effect of SAMC and DD seems to be more prominent than that of SAC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Goztepe Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul Medeniyet University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Lokman
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Uzun
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Goztepe Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul Medeniyet University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Numan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kokten
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Delta Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Osman Halit
authors.initials: OH
authors.lastname: Cam
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Goztepe Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul Medeniyet University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: M Tayyar
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Kalcioglu
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Gazi University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: M Birol
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Ugur
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Goztepe Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul Medeniyet University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Muhammet
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tekin
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Goztepe Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul Medeniyet University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Gul Ozbilen
authors.initials: GO
authors.lastname: Acar
keywords: Diallyl Disulfide; Drug Toxicity; Gentamicin; S-allylcysteine; S-allylmercaptocysteine