title: Pilot Study of Kano "Attractive Quality" Techniques to Identify Change in Emergency Department Patient Experience.
abstract: We describe the use of the Kano Attractive Quality analytic tool to improve an identified patient experience gap in perceived compassion by emergency department (ED) providers.
  
  
  
  In phase 1, point-of-service surveying assessed baseline patient perception of ED provider compassion. Phase 2 deployed Kano surveys to predict the effect of 4 proposed interventions on patient perception. Finally, phase 3 compared patients receiving standard care versus the Kano-identified intervention to assess the actual effect on patient experience.
  
  
  
  In phase 1, 193 of 200 surveys (97%) were completed, showing a baseline median score of 4 out of 5 (interquartile range [IQR] 3 to 5), with top box percentage of 33% for patients' perception of receiving compassionate care. In phase 2, 158 of 180 surveys (88%) using Kano-formatted questions were completed, and the data predicted that increasing shared decisionmaking would cause the greatest improvement in the patient experience. Finally, in phase 3, 45 of 49 surveys (92%) were returned and demonstrated a significant improvement in perceived concern and sensitivity, 5 (IQR 5 to 5) versus 4 (IQR 3 to 5) with a difference of 1 (95% CI 0.1-1.9) and a top box rating of 79% versus 35% with a difference of 44% (95% CI 12-66) by patients who received dedicated shared decisionmaking interventions versus those receiving standard of care.
  
  
  
  Kano analysis is likely predictive of change in patient experience. Kano methods may prove as useful in changing management of the health care industry as it has been in other industries.
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN. Electronic address: bellamkonda.venkatesh@mayo.edu.
authors.forename: Venkatesh R
authors.initials: VR
authors.lastname: Bellamkonda
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN.
authors.forename: Rishi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN.
authors.forename: Lori N
authors.initials: LN
authors.lastname: Scanlan-Hanson
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN.
authors.forename: Jennifer J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Hess
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN.
authors.forename: Thomas R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Hellmich
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN.
authors.forename: Erica
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bellamkonda
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN.
authors.forename: Ronna L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Campbell
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN.
authors.forename: Erik P
authors.initials: EP
authors.lastname: Hess
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN.
authors.forename: David M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Nestler
mesh_terms: D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital / Q000458:organization & administration*; D006801:Humans; D009936:Organizational Innovation; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D010865:Pilot Projects; D058996:Quality Improvement / Q000458:organization & administration; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires