title: Solanum diploconos fruits: profile of bioactive compounds and in vitro antioxidant capacity of different parts of the fruit.
abstract: Solanum diploconos is an unexploited Brazilian native fruit that belongs to the same genus of important food crops, such as tomato (Solanum lycorpersicum) and potato (Solanum tuberosum). In this study, we determined, for the first time, the profile of bioactive compounds (phenolic compounds, carotenoids, ascorbic acid and tocopherols) of the freeze-dried pulp and peel of Solanum diploconos fruits, as well as of an extract obtained from the whole fruit. Additionally, the antioxidant potential of the whole fruit extract was evaluated in vitro, against reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS). Eighteen phenolic compounds were identified in the peel and pulp and 6 compounds were found in the whole fruit extract. Coumaric, ferulic and caffeic acid derivatives were revealed to be the major phenolic constituents. All-trans-β-carotene was the major carotenoid (17-38 μg g(-1), dry basis), but all-trans-lutein and 9-cis-β-carotene were also identified. The peel and pulp presented <2 μg per mL of tocopherols, and ascorbic acid was not detected. The whole fruit extract exhibited scavenging capacity against all tested ROS and RNS (IC50 = 14-461 μg mL(-1)) with high antioxidant efficiency against HOCl. Thus, Solanum diploconos fruits may be seen as a promising source of bioactive compounds with high antioxidant potential against the most physiologically relevant ROS and RNS.
authors.affiliation: UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal. egracas@ff.up.pt alessandra.bragaribeiro@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Alessandra Braga
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Ribeiro
authors.forename: Renan Campos
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Chisté
authors.forename: José L F C
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Lima
authors.forename: Eduarda
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Fernandes
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D001205:Ascorbic Acid / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics; D001938:Brazil; D002109:Caffeic Acids / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D002338:Carotenoids / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D003373:Coumaric Acids / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry*; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D006997:Hypochlorous Acid; D014975:Lutein / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D030421:Peroxynitrous Acid; D010636:Phenols / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry*; D026361:Reactive Nitrogen Species / Q000737:chemistry; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000737:chemistry; D026082:Singlet Oxygen; D032322:Solanum / Q000737:chemistry*; D013481:Superoxides; D024505:Tocopherols / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D002109:Caffeic Acids; D003373:Coumaric Acids; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D010636:Phenols; D010936:Plant Extracts; D026361:Reactive Nitrogen Species; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D013481:Superoxides; D030421:Peroxynitrous Acid; D026082:Singlet Oxygen; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D002338:Carotenoids; D006997:Hypochlorous Acid; C004999:ferulic acid; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D001205:Ascorbic Acid; D024505:Tocopherols; C040048:caffeic acid; D014975:Lutein