title: Influence of cognitive function on cerebrovascular disease among the elderly.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the interrelationships between baseline Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score and overall long-term risk of cerebrovascular disease (CBVD).
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a prospective cohort study of subjects aged 55 years or more who were enrolled in the Beijing Longitudinal Study of Aging (BLSA) and had a baseline MMSE score available. Baseline MMSE score was divided into four categories: ≥28, 26-27, 23-25, and ≤22. Participants were followed for 23 years. Cox regression models were used to examine the association between MMSE score and CBVD.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 2101 participants were included in this analysis, 335 (15.9%) with an MMSE score ≥28, 365 (17.4%) with a score of 26-27, 579 (27.6%) with a score of 23-25, and 822 (7.4%) with a score ≤22. There were 576 cases of CBVD. The overall risk of CBVD increased with decreasing MMSE score. The impact of MMSE score on the risk of CBVD was much stronger in women than in men. The hazard ratio for CBVD risk was 1.76 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.29-2.39, P < 0.05) for subjects with an MMSE score ≤22, and 1.21 (95% CI, 0.91-1.61, P < 0.05) for those with an MMSE score of 23-25. Higher MMSE scores were less strongly associated with the risk of CBVD.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Elderly people with lower MMSE scores, especially women, are at higher long-term risk of CBVD.
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.|Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: Beijing Geriatric Healthcare Center, Xuan Wu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.|Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tao
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.|Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.|Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.|Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.|Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Beijing Geriatric Healthcare Center, Xuan Wu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.|Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Guo
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology*; D000068476:Beijing / Q000453:epidemiology; D002561:Cerebrovascular Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology*; D060825:Cognitive Dysfunction / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015897:Comorbidity; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012306:Risk
keywords: Mini-Mental State Examination; cerebrovascular disease; cognitive function; elderly; epidemiology