title: PreSMA stimulation changes task-free functional connectivity in the fronto-basal-ganglia that correlates with response inhibition efficiency.
abstract: Previous work using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) demonstrated that the right presupplementary motor area (preSMA), a node in the fronto-basal-ganglia network, is critical for response inhibition. However, TMS influences interconnected regions, raising the possibility of a link between the preSMA activity and the functional connectivity within the network. To understand this relationship, we applied single-pulse TMS to the right preSMA during functional magnetic resonance imaging when the subjects were at rest to examine changes in neural activity and functional connectivity within the network in relation to the efficiency of response inhibition evaluated with a stop-signal task. The results showed that preSMA-TMS increased activation in the right inferior-frontal cortex (rIFC) and basal ganglia and modulated their task-free functional connectivity. Both the TMS-induced changes in the basal-ganglia activation and the functional connectivity between rIFC and left striatum, and of the overall network correlated with the efficiency of response inhibition and with the white-matter microstructure along the preSMA-rIFC pathway. These results suggest that the task-free functional and structural connectivity between the rIFCop and basal ganglia are critical to the efficiency of response inhibition. Hum Brain Mapp 37:3236-3249, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
authors.affiliation: Human Cortical Physiology and Neurorehabilitation Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892.|Center for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, 20814.
authors.forename: Benjamin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Human Cortical Physiology and Neurorehabilitation Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892.|Center for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, 20814.
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sandrini
authors.affiliation: Center for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, 20814.
authors.forename: Wen-Tung
authors.initials: WT
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Maryland College Park, Maryland, 20742-4411.
authors.forename: Jason F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.affiliation: NIH MRI Research Facility, National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892.
authors.forename: Joelle E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Sarlls
authors.affiliation: Human Cortical Physiology and Neurorehabilitation Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892.
authors.forename: Oluwole
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Awosika
authors.affiliation: Center for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, 20814.|Radiology and Imaging Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Clinical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892.
authors.forename: John A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Butman
authors.affiliation: Section on Brain Imaging and Modeling, National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892.
authors.forename: Barry
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Horwitz
authors.affiliation: Human Cortical Physiology and Neurorehabilitation Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892.
authors.forename: Leonardo G
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Cohen
mesh_terms: D001931:Brain Mapping; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D007266:Inhibition, Psychological; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D009434:Neural Pathways / Q000502:physiology*; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000502:physiology; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000502:physiology; D050781:Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: TMS; concurrent; fMRI; stop-signal; task-free