title: The effects of inbreeding on disease susceptibility: Gyrodactylus turnbulli infection of guppies, Poecilia reticulata.
abstract: Inbreeding can threaten population persistence by reducing disease resistance through the accelerated loss of gene diversity (i.e. heterozygosity). Such inbreeding depression can affect many different fitness-related traits, including survival, reproductive success, and parasite susceptibility. Empirically quantifying the effects of inbreeding on parasite resistance is therefore important for ex-situ conservation of vertebrates. The present study evaluates the disease susceptibility of individuals bred under three different breeding regimes (inbred, crossed with full siblings; control, randomly crossed mating; and fully outbred). Specifically, we examined the relationship between inbreeding coefficient (F-coefficient) and susceptibility to Gyrodactylus turnbulli infection in a live bearing vertebrate, the guppy Poecilia reticulata. Host-breeding regime significantly affected the trajectories of parasite population growth on individual fish. Inbred fish showed significantly higher mean parasite intensity than fish from the control and outbred breeding regimes, and in addition, inbred fish were slower in purging their gyrodactylid infections. We discuss the role of inbreeding on the various arms of the immune system, and argue that the increased disease susceptibility of inbred individuals could contribute to the extinction vortex. This is one of the first studies to quantify the effects of inbreeding and breeding regime on disease susceptibility in a captive bred vertebrate of wild origin, and it highlights the risks faced by small (captive-bred) populations when exposed to their native parasites.
authors.affiliation: School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Sir Martin Evans Building, Museum Avenue, Cardiff, CF10 3AX, UK. Electronic address: SmallboneW@cardiff.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Willow
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Smallbone
authors.affiliation: School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK.
authors.forename: Cock
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: van Oosterhout
authors.affiliation: School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Sir Martin Evans Building, Museum Avenue, Cardiff, CF10 3AX, UK.
authors.forename: Jo
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cable
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005393:Fish Diseases / Q000276:immunology / Q000469:parasitology*; D040961:Genetic Drift; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease / Q000235:genetics*; D007178:Inbreeding; D019656:Loss of Heterozygosity / Q000235:genetics; D010986:Platyhelminths / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D011036:Poecilia / Q000235:genetics / Q000469:parasitology*; D011897:Random Allocation; D014201:Trematode Infections / Q000276:immunology / Q000469:parasitology / Q000662:veterinary*
keywords: Captive-bred; Ectoparasite; Gyrodactylidae; Immunoresistance; Inbreeding coefficient; Outbred fish