title: HpDTC1, a Stress-Inducible Bifunctional Diterpene Cyclase Involved in Momilactone Biosynthesis, Functions in Chemical Defence in the Moss Hypnum plumaeforme.
abstract: Momilactones, which are diterpenoid phytoalexins with antimicrobial and allelopathic functions, have been found only in rice and the moss Hypnum plumaeforme. Although these two evolutionarily distinct plant species are thought to produce momilactones as a chemical defence, the momilactone biosynthetic pathway in H. plumaeforme has been unclear. Here, we identified a gene encoding syn-pimara-7,15-diene synthase (HpDTC1) responsible for the first step of momilactone biosynthesis in the moss. HpDTC1 is a bifunctional diterpene cyclase that catalyses a two-step cyclization reaction of geranylgeranyl diphosphate to syn-pimara-7,15-diene. HpDTC1 transcription was up-regulated in response to abiotic and biotic stress treatments. HpDTC1 promoter-GUS analysis in transgenic Physcomitrella patens showed similar transcriptional responses as H. plumaeforme to the stresses, suggesting that a common response system to stress exists in mosses. Jasmonic acid (JA), a potent signalling molecule for inducing plant defences, could not activate HpDTC1 expression. In contrast, 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid, an oxylipin precursor of JA in vascular plants, enhanced HpDTC1 expression and momilactone accumulation, implying that as-yet-unknown oxylipins could regulate momilactone biosynthesis in H. plumaeforme. These results demonstrate the existence of an evolutionarily conserved chemical defence system utilizing momilactones and suggest the molecular basis of the regulation for inductive production of momilactones in H. plumaeforme.
authors.affiliation: Biotechnology Research Center, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazunori
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Okada
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwaicho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kawaide
authors.affiliation: Department of Biosciences, Teikyo University, 1-1 Toyosatodai, Utsunomiya, 320-8551, Japan.
authors.forename: Koji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Miyamoto
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwaicho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan.
authors.forename: Sho
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Miyazaki
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwaicho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan.
authors.forename: Ryosuke
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kainuma
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwaicho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan.
authors.forename: Honoka
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kimura
authors.affiliation: Biotechnology Research Center, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan.
authors.forename: Kaoru
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fujiwara
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwaicho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan.
authors.forename: Masahiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Natsume
authors.affiliation: Biotechnology Research Center, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan.
authors.forename: Hideaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nojiri
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan.
authors.forename: Masatoshi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nakajima
authors.affiliation: Department of Biosciences, Teikyo University, 1-1 Toyosatodai, Utsunomiya, 320-8551, Japan.
authors.forename: Hisakazu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yamane
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Okayama University of Science, 1-1 Ridai-cho, Okayama 700-0005, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hatano
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Okayama University of Science, 1-1 Ridai-cho, Okayama 700-0005, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nozaki
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Okayama University of Science, 1-1 Ridai-cho, Okayama 700-0005, Japan.
authors.forename: Ken-Ichiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hayashi
mesh_terms: D019883:Alkyl and Aryl Transferases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D044002:Bryophyta / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D004224:Diterpenes / Q000378:metabolism*; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA
chemical_list: D004224:Diterpenes; C116023:momilactone A; D019883:Alkyl and Aryl Transferases