title: Persistence of fipronil residues in Eucalyptus seedlings and its concentration in the insecticide solution after treatment in the nursery.
abstract: Eucalyptus seedlings are normally protected from underground termites (Isoptera: Termitidae) by immersing them in insecticide solutions. Fipronil (phenylpyrazole) is the most frequently used product to protect seedlings in the field for up to 6 months after application. This is performed just prior to planting. However, the persistence of this product in seedlings that are treated and subjected to irrigation several days prior to planting has not yet been evaluated. This study aims to quantify the fipronil concentration in the substratum and roots of the seedlings treated and subjected to irrigation for up to 56 days prior to planting and to quantify this insecticide concentration in the solutions, without continuous stirring, for 120 min. The quantitative determination of fipronil in the seedlings and in the insecticide solution was done by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with an ultraviolet (UV) detector. It was found that irrigation up to 56 days, performed in the nurseries, did not decrease the fipronil concentration in the seedlings. The absence of stirring reduced the fipronil concentration in the insecticide solution, necessitating a homogenization system to maintain the recommended concentration of this product, to effectively treat the eucalyptus seedlings. The seedling treatment with fipronil can be conducted strictly in the nursery, reducing cost and environmental risks.
authors.affiliation: Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia de Mato Grosso - Campus Cáceres, Avenida dos Ramires, s/n, 78200-000, Cáceres, Mato Grosso, Brazil.
authors.forename: Alexandre
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: dos Santos
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Entomologia, Universidade Federal de Lavras, 37200-000, Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ronald
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zanetti
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Entomologia, Universidade Federal de Lavras, 37200-000, Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
authors.forename: Juliana Cristina
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: dos Santos
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Entomologia, Universidade Federal de Lavras, 37200-000, Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
authors.forename: Gabriel
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Biagiotti
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Entomologia, Universidade Federal de Lavras, 37200-000, Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
authors.forename: André Luís
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Evangelista
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
authors.forename: José Eduardo
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Serrão
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Entomologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-000, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil. zanuncio@ufv.br.
authors.forename: José Cola
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Zanuncio
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D005052:Eucalyptus / Q000737:chemistry*; D007306:Insecticides / Q000032:analysis*; D020049:Isoptera; D010573:Pesticide Residues / Q000032:analysis*; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000737:chemistry; D011720:Pyrazoles / Q000032:analysis*; D036226:Seedlings / Q000737:chemistry; D012996:Solutions
chemical_list: D007306:Insecticides; D010573:Pesticide Residues; D011720:Pyrazoles; D012996:Solutions; C082360:fipronil
keywords: Chemical control; Forest pests; Integrated management; Termite