title: Cytomegalovirus non-primary infection during pregnancy. Can serology help with diagnosis?
abstract: Diagnosis of cytomegalovirus (CMV) primary infection is reliable, but diagnosis of CMV non-primary infection (NPI) is questionable. Our aim is to highlight the difficulties met in diagnosis of CMV NPI. We illustrate that in proven cases of CMV NPI, very different serologic and molecular patterns may be observed and that routine serologic testing may fail to help with diagnosis. These results point out that many data available in literature concerning the prevalence of NPI, materno-fetal transmission rates and consequences of NPI may be wrong. We need to know how frequently they occur, are transmitted and cause fetal damages. Diagnosis of NPI must be improved, along with our understanding of the mechanisms leading to intrauterine CMV transmission and congenital infection in babies born to women with preexisting immunity.
authors.affiliation: a Service de Gynécologie-Obstétrique et Médecine de la Reproduction, Hôpital Foch , Suresnes , France.|b Collège Français d'échographie Foetale (CFEF) , Chateaubriant, France.|c EA2493, UFR des Sciences de la Santé Simone Veil, UVSQ , Montigny le Bretonneux, France.
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Picone
authors.affiliation: d AP-HP, Hôpital Paul Brousse, Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire Paris-Sud, Virologie, WHO Rubella NRL, National Reference Laboratory for Maternofetal Rubella Infections, Univ Paris-Sud, INSERM U1193 , Villejuif , France.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Grangeot-Keros
authors.affiliation: e Service de Gynécologie-Obstétrique, Hôpital Kremlin Bicêtre (AP-HP), Université Paris Sud , Bicetre , France , and.
authors.forename: Mv
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Senat
authors.affiliation: e Service de Gynécologie-Obstétrique, Hôpital Kremlin Bicêtre (AP-HP), Université Paris Sud , Bicetre , France , and.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Fuchs
authors.affiliation: d AP-HP, Hôpital Paul Brousse, Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire Paris-Sud, Virologie, WHO Rubella NRL, National Reference Laboratory for Maternofetal Rubella Infections, Univ Paris-Sud, INSERM U1193 , Villejuif , France.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bouthry
authors.affiliation: a Service de Gynécologie-Obstétrique et Médecine de la Reproduction, Hôpital Foch , Suresnes , France.|c EA2493, UFR des Sciences de la Santé Simone Veil, UVSQ , Montigny le Bretonneux, France.
authors.forename: Jm
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ayoubi
authors.affiliation: f Service de Gynécologie-Obstétrique, Hôpital Antoine Béclère (AP-HP), Université Paris Sud , Clamart , France.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Benachi
authors.affiliation: d AP-HP, Hôpital Paul Brousse, Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire Paris-Sud, Virologie, WHO Rubella NRL, National Reference Laboratory for Maternofetal Rubella Infections, Univ Paris-Sud, INSERM U1193 , Villejuif , France.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Vauloup-Fellous
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003587:Cytomegalovirus / Q000276:immunology*; D003586:Cytomegalovirus Infections / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000276:immunology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D018445:Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical; D008875:Middle Aged; D011247:Pregnancy; D011251:Pregnancy Complications, Infectious / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000276:immunology; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D012698:Serologic Tests / Q000379:methods*
keywords: Cytomegalovirus; congenital infection; non-primary infection; secondary infection; serology