title: Hybrid mechanosensing system to generate the polarity needed for migration in fish keratocytes.
abstract: Crawling cells can generate polarity for migration in response to forces applied from the substratum. Such reaction varies according to cell type: there are both fast- and slow-crawling cells. In response to periodic stretching of the elastic substratum, the intracellular stress fibers in slow-crawling cells, such as fibroblasts, rearrange themselves perpendicular to the direction of stretching, with the result that the shape of the cells extends in that direction; whereas fast-crawling cells, such as neutrophil-like differentiated HL-60 cells and Dictyostelium cells, which have no stress fibers, migrate perpendicular to the stretching direction. Fish epidermal keratocytes are another type of fast-crawling cell. However, they have stress fibers in the cell body, which gives them a typical slow-crawling cell structure. In response to periodic stretching of the elastic substratum, intact keratocytes rearrange their stress fibers perpendicular to the direction of stretching in the same way as fibroblasts and migrate parallel to the stretching direction, while blebbistatin-treated stress fiber-less keratocytes migrate perpendicular to the stretching direction, in the same way as seen in HL-60 cells and Dictyostelium cells. Our results indicate that keratocytes have a hybrid mechanosensing system that comprises elements of both fast- and slow-crawling cells, to generate the polarity needed for migration.
authors.affiliation: a Faculty of Science , Yamaguchi University , Yamaguchi , Japan.
authors.forename: Chika
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Okimura
authors.affiliation: a Faculty of Science , Yamaguchi University , Yamaguchi , Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshiaki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Iwadate
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects; D016764:Cell Polarity / Q000187:drug effects; D047630:Depsipeptides / Q000494:pharmacology; D004548:Elasticity; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects; D006054:Goldfish / Q000378:metabolism*; D006576:Heterocyclic Compounds, 4 or More Rings / Q000494:pharmacology; D040542:Mechanotransduction, Cellular; D022502:Stress Fibers / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D013314:Stress, Mechanical
chemical_list: D047630:Depsipeptides; D006576:Heterocyclic Compounds, 4 or More Rings; C057531:jasplakinolide; C472645:blebbistatin
keywords: amoeboid movement; cell migration; cell polarity; cell stretch; crawling cells; mechanosensing; stress fibers; traction forces; trajectory analysis