title: Cell-cycle gene expression analysis using real time PCR in locally advanced squamous-cell head and neck cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The analysis of gene expression, especially those involved in cell cycle control, can help to discover mechanisms determining the outcome of radiation treatment. The main purpose of this study was to examine the expression level of genes responsible for cell cycle regulation in samples of the head and neck cancer, obtained during surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Postsurgical samples of SCC of head and neck region were collected. Over 80 genes were analysed using cell cycle quantitative real-time RT-PCR Array method. Presence of 14 high-risk HPV types DNA in frozen or paraffin-embedded tumour pathological samples was also assessed. To correlate gene expression with selected pathological features and clinical outcome we used different hierarchical clustering method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Hierarchical clustering demonstrated the association between gene expression within certain clusters and gender, tumour site, T stage, N stage, grade, pathological subtype or tumour recurrence.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite some limitations we were able to identify gene clusters that allowed to classify patients according to selected clinical features and occurrence of tumour recurrence. The results of the analysis also confirm that the incidence of HPV infection among the patients from Upper Silesia is relatively low, whereas HPV negative tumours, likely associated with smoking, appeared dominant.
authors.affiliation: Radiotherapy Department, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, Gliwice, Poland. Electronic address: gwozniak.md@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Grzegorz
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Woźniak
authors.affiliation: Center for Translational Research and Molecular Biology of Cancer, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, Gliwice, Poland.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Herok
authors.affiliation: Institute of Automatic Control, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland.
authors.forename: Roman
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jaksik
authors.affiliation: Clinical Department of Otolaryngology in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland.
authors.forename: Maciej
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Misiołek
authors.affiliation: Department of Laryngology, Upper Silesian Medical Center, Katowice-Ochojec, Poland.
authors.forename: Bogdan
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kolebacz
authors.affiliation: Center for Translational Research and Molecular Biology of Cancer, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, Gliwice, Poland.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fiszer-Kierzkowska
authors.affiliation: Clinical Department of Otolaryngology in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland.
authors.forename: Katarzyna
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Miśkiewicz-Orczyk
authors.affiliation: Clinic of Oncological and Reconstructive Surgery, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, Gliwice, Poland.
authors.forename: Cezary
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Szymczyk
authors.affiliation: Clinic of Oncological and Reconstructive Surgery, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, Gliwice, Poland.
authors.forename: Adam
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Maciejewski
authors.affiliation: Radiotherapy Department, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, Gliwice, Poland.
authors.forename: Grzegorz
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Głowacki
authors.affiliation: II Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy Clinic and Teaching Hospital, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, Gliwice, Poland.
authors.forename: Rafał
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Suwiński
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery / Q000821:virology; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery / Q000821:virology; D006801:Humans; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D060787:Neoplasm Grading; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000473:pathology; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D027383:Papillomaviridae / Q000502:physiology; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins
keywords: Cell cycle genes; Head and neck cancer; Quantitative real-time PCR