title: A network meta-analysis of the risk of immune-related renal toxicity in cancer patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors.
abstract: We performed a network meta-analysis of the risk of immune-related renal toxicity associated with immune checkpoint inhibitors.
  
  
  
  Eligible studies included randomized trials of patients with immune checkpoint inhibitors; describing events of immune-related renal toxicity.
  
  
  
  Compared with chemotherapy control, immune checkpoint inhibitors carry a higher risk of all-grade (but not high-grade) immune-related renal toxicity. The risk with both nivolumab/ipilimumab combination was higher than the risk with either ipilimumab or nivolumab alone (odds ratio: 0.47 [95% credible interval: 0.21-0.99] and 0.11 [95% credible interval: 0.03-0.29]); for nivolumab/ipilimumab combination versus ipilimumab or nivolumab monotherapy).
  
  
  
  Our meta-analysis demonstrated that the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors is associated with an increased risk of all-grade immune-related renal toxicity compared with chemotherapy control.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Oncology Department, Faculty of medicine, Ain Shams University, Lotfy Elsayed Street, Cairo, 11331, Egypt.
authors.forename: Omar
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Abdel-Rahman
authors.affiliation: Medical Microbiology & Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
authors.forename: Mona
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fouad
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D060908:CTLA-4 Antigen / Q000276:immunology; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D064420:Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006801:Humans; D000074324:Ipilimumab; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D000077594:Nivolumab; D061026:Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor / Q000276:immunology; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D012306:Risk
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D060908:CTLA-4 Antigen; C556706:CTLA4 protein, human; D000074324:Ipilimumab; C105992:PDCD1 protein, human; D061026:Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor; D000077594:Nivolumab
keywords: ipilimumab; nephritis; nivolumab; pembrolizumab