title: Flexible Intramedullary Nailing of Pediatric Humeral Fractures: Indications, Techniques, and Tips.
abstract: Most proximal and diaphyseal pediatric humeral fractures can be treated successfully by closed means; however, certain patient factors or fracture characteristics may make surgical stabilization with flexible intramedullary nails (FIN) a better choice. Common indications for FIN of pediatric humeral fractures include unstable proximal-third fractures in children nearing skeletal maturity, unstable distal metaphyseal-diaphyseal junction fractures, shaft fractures in polytraumatized patients or patients with ipsilateral both-bone forearm fractures (floating elbow), and prophylactic stabilization of benign diaphyseal bone cysts or surgical stabilization of pathologic fractures. FIN can be safely inserted in an antegrade or retrograde manner depending on the fracture location and configuration. Careful dissection at the location of rod insertion can prevent iatrogenic nerve injuries. Rapid fracture union and return to full function can be expected in most cases. Implant prominence is the most common complication.
authors.affiliation: Campbell Clinic Orthopaedics and Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Collierville, TN.
authors.forename: Derek M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Kelly
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001858:Bone Nails; D002648:Child; D004551:Elbow Joint / Q000503:physiopathology; D005543:Forearm Injuries / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D005594:Fracture Fixation, Intramedullary / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D005598:Fractures, Spontaneous / Q000517:prevention & control; D006801:Humans; D006810:Humeral Fractures / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery; D007431:Intraoperative Complications / Q000517:prevention & control*; D007593:Joint Instability / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology; D059348:Peripheral Nerve Injuries / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D000092464:Elbow Injuries