title: Pancreatic islet blood flow and its measurement.
abstract: Pancreatic islets are richly vascularized, and islet blood vessels are uniquely adapted to maintain and support the internal milieu of the islets favoring normal endocrine function. Islet blood flow is normally very high compared with that to the exocrine pancreas and is autonomously regulated through complex interactions between the nervous system, metabolites from insulin secreting β-cells, endothelium-derived mediators, and hormones. The islet blood flow is normally coupled to the needs for insulin release and is usually disturbed during glucose intolerance and overt diabetes. The present review provides a brief background on islet vascular function and especially focuses on available techniques to measure islet blood perfusion. The gold standard for islet blood flow measurements in experimental animals is the microsphere technique, and its advantages and disadvantages will be discussed. In humans there are still no methods to measure islet blood flow selectively, but new developments in radiological techniques hold great hopes for the future.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Medical Cell Biology , Uppsala University , Uppsala , Sweden ;
authors.forename: Leif
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Jansson
authors.affiliation: a Department of Medical Cell Biology , Uppsala University , Uppsala , Sweden ;
authors.forename: Andreea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Barbu
authors.affiliation: a Department of Medical Cell Biology , Uppsala University , Uppsala , Sweden ;
authors.forename: Birgitta
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bodin
authors.affiliation: a Department of Medical Cell Biology , Uppsala University , Uppsala , Sweden ;
authors.forename: Carl Johan
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Drott
authors.affiliation: a Department of Medical Cell Biology , Uppsala University , Uppsala , Sweden ;|b Department of Medical Sciences , Uppsala University , Uppsala , Sweden.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Espes
authors.affiliation: a Department of Medical Cell Biology , Uppsala University , Uppsala , Sweden ;
authors.forename: Xiang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: a Department of Medical Cell Biology , Uppsala University , Uppsala , Sweden ;
authors.forename: Liza
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Grapensparr
authors.affiliation: a Department of Medical Cell Biology , Uppsala University , Uppsala , Sweden ;
authors.forename: Örjan
authors.initials: Ö
authors.lastname: Källskog
authors.affiliation: a Department of Medical Cell Biology , Uppsala University , Uppsala , Sweden ;
authors.forename: Joey
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lau
authors.affiliation: a Department of Medical Cell Biology , Uppsala University , Uppsala , Sweden ;
authors.forename: Hanna
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Liljebäck
authors.affiliation: a Department of Medical Cell Biology , Uppsala University , Uppsala , Sweden ;
authors.forename: Fredrik
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Palm
authors.affiliation: a Department of Medical Cell Biology , Uppsala University , Uppsala , Sweden ;
authors.forename: My
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Quach
authors.affiliation: a Department of Medical Cell Biology , Uppsala University , Uppsala , Sweden ;
authors.forename: Monica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sandberg
authors.affiliation: a Department of Medical Cell Biology , Uppsala University , Uppsala , Sweden ;
authors.forename: Victoria
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Strömberg
authors.affiliation: a Department of Medical Cell Biology , Uppsala University , Uppsala , Sweden ;
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ullsten
authors.affiliation: a Department of Medical Cell Biology , Uppsala University , Uppsala , Sweden ;|b Department of Medical Sciences , Uppsala University , Uppsala , Sweden.
authors.forename: Per-Ola
authors.initials: PO
authors.lastname: Carlsson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D001794:Blood Pressure; D002196:Capillaries / Q000378:metabolism; D006439:Hemodynamics; D006728:Hormones / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000378:metabolism; D050417:Insulin-Secreting Cells / Q000378:metabolism; D007515:Islets of Langerhans / Q000098:blood supply*; D008863:Microspheres; D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents / Q000378:metabolism; D010179:Pancreas / Q000378:metabolism; D010477:Perfusion; D012039:Regional Blood Flow; D014680:Veins / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D006728:Hormones; D007328:Insulin; D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents
keywords: Blood flow measurements; islet blood flow; microspheres; pancreatic islets