title: Diesel exposure suppresses natural killer cell function and resolution of eosinophil inflammation: a randomized controlled trial of exposure in allergic rhinitics.
abstract: Exposure to diesel exhaust (DE) is known to exacerbate allergic inflammation, including virus-induced eosinophil activation in laboratory animals. We have previously shown that in human volunteers with allergic rhinitis a short-term exposure to DE prior to infection with the live attenuated influenza virus (LAIV) increases markers of allergic inflammation in the nasal mucosa. Specifically, levels of eosinophilic cationic protein (ECP) were significantly enhanced in individuals exposed to DE prior to inoculation with LAIV and this effect was maintained for at least seven days. However, this previous study was limited in its scope of nasal immune endpoints and did not explore potential mechanisms mediating the prolonged exacerbation of allergic inflammation caused by exposure to DE prior to inoculation with LAIV. In this follow-up study, the methods were modified to expand experimental endpoints and explore the potential role of NK cells. The data presented here suggest DE prolongs viral-induced eosinophil activation, which was accompanied by decreased markers of NK cell recruitment and activation. Separate in vitro studies showed that exposure to DE particles decreases the ability of NK cells to kill eosinophils. Taken together, these follow-up studies suggest that DE-induced exacerbation of allergic inflammation in the context of viral infections may be mediated by decreased activity of NK cells and their ability to clear eosinophils.
authors.affiliation: Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma and Lung Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 104 Mason Farm Rd, Campus Box 7310, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7310, USA.
authors.forename: Erica A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Pawlak
authors.affiliation: Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma and Lung Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 104 Mason Farm Rd, Campus Box 7310, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7310, USA.|Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
authors.forename: Terry L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Noah
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
authors.forename: Haibo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
authors.forename: Claire
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chehrazi
authors.affiliation: Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma and Lung Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 104 Mason Farm Rd, Campus Box 7310, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7310, USA.
authors.forename: Carole
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Robinette
authors.affiliation: United States Environmental Protection Agency, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Diaz-Sanchez
authors.affiliation: University Children's Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Loretta
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Müller
authors.affiliation: Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma and Lung Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 104 Mason Farm Rd, Campus Box 7310, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7310, USA. ilona_jaspers@med.unc.edu.|Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA. ilona_jaspers@med.unc.edu.
authors.forename: Ilona
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Jaspers
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000633:toxicity*; D000920:Antibody-Dependent Cell Cytotoxicity / Q000187:drug effects; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D002450:Cell Communication; D002460:Cell Line; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D018920:Coculture Techniques; D015331:Cohort Studies; D047150:Eosinophil Cationic Protein / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D004804:Eosinophils / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D018928:Immunity, Mucosal / Q000187:drug effects*; D019570:Inhalation Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects*; D007694:Killer Cells, Natural / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D009297:Nasal Mucosa / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D065631:Rhinitis, Allergic / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D001335:Vehicle Emissions / Q000633:toxicity*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D015415:Biomarkers; D001335:Vehicle Emissions; D047150:Eosinophil Cationic Protein; C479220:RNASE3 protein, human
keywords: Diesel exhaust; Eosinophil; Natural killer cell; Resolution of inflammation