title: Comparisons of two protocols for early treatment of anterior open bite.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to compare the outcomes of the treatment with the quad-helix/crib (Q-H/C) appliance with those of a combination of transpalatal arch, high-pull headgear, and lip bumper (TPA/HG/LB) in growing patients with anterior open bite malocclusion.
  
  
  
  The TPA/HG/LB sample consisted of 22 subjects, 16 girls and 6 boys (mean age 7.5±1.4 years at the start of treatment, T1, and 8.7±1.5 years at the end of active treatment, T2). The Q-H/C sample consisted of 28 subjects, 17 girls and 11 boys (mean age 8.2±1.3 years at T1, and 8.7±1.6 years at T2). Both treated groups were compared with a control group of 20 untreated subjects matched for dentoskeletal disharmony and observation interval. The changes from T2 to T1 between the three groups were compared with the analysis of variance.
  
  
  
  Both TPA/HG/LB and Q-H/C groups exhibited greater reduction of the palatal plane to mandibular plane angle (-1.7° and -1.9°, respectively) and a significantly greater increase in overbite (2.2 and 2.3mm, respectively) with respect to controls.
  
  
  
  Q-H/C and TPA/HG/LB protocols were equally effective in correcting the anterior open bite.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, Università degli Studi di Roma Tor Vergata, Roma.
authors.forename: Manuela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mucedero
authors.affiliation: Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli, Napoli.
authors.forename: Maddalena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vitale
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Firenze, Italy.
authors.forename: Lorenzo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Franchi
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, Università degli Studi di Roma Tor Vergata, Roma.|Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University Nostra Signora del Buon Consiglio, Tirana, Albania.
authors.forename: Paola
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Cozza
authors.affiliation: Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli, Napoli.
authors.forename: Letizia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Perillo
mesh_terms: D002508:Cephalometry; D002648:Child; D005115:Extraoral Traction Appliances; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D024343:Open Bite / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D009971:Orthodontics, Corrective / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D057887:Overbite / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D055502:Secondary Prevention / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D016896:Treatment Outcome