title: Enhanced detection of respiratory pathogens with nanotrap particles.
abstract: The Influenza virus is a leading cause of respiratory disease in the United States each year. While the virus normally causes mild to moderate disease, hospitalization and death can occur in many cases. There are several methodologies that are used for detection; however problems such as decreased sensitivity and high rates of false-negative results may arise. There is a crucial need for an effective sample preparation technology that concentrates viruses at low abundance while excluding resident analytes that may interfere with detection. Nanotrap particles are hydrogel particles that are coupled to chemical dye affinity baits that bind a broad range of proteins and virions. Within minutes (<30 minutes), Nanotrap particles concentrate low abundant proteins and viruses from clinically complex matrices. Nanotrap particles with reactive red baits concentrated numerous respiratory viruses including various strains and subtypes of Influenza virus, Coronavirus, and Respiratory Syncytial Virus from saliva, nasal fluid swab specimens, and nasal aspirates. Detection was enhanced more than 10-fold when coupled to plaque assays and qRT-PCR. Importantly, Nanotrap particle can efficiently capture and concentrate multiple viral pathogens during a coinfection scenario. These results collectively demonstrate that Nanotrap particles are an important tool that can easily be integrated into various detection methodologies.
authors.affiliation: a National Center for Biodefense and Infectious Diseases, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University , Manassas , VA , USA.
authors.forename: Nazly
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Shafagati
authors.affiliation: a National Center for Biodefense and Infectious Diseases, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University , Manassas , VA , USA.
authors.forename: Katherine
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fite
authors.affiliation: b Ceres Nanosciences Inc. , Manassas , VA , USA.
authors.forename: Alexis
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Patanarut
authors.affiliation: a National Center for Biodefense and Infectious Diseases, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University , Manassas , VA , USA.
authors.forename: Alan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Baer
authors.affiliation: a National Center for Biodefense and Infectious Diseases, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University , Manassas , VA , USA.
authors.forename: Chelsea
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pinkham
authors.affiliation: a National Center for Biodefense and Infectious Diseases, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University , Manassas , VA , USA.
authors.forename: Soyeon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: An
authors.affiliation: a National Center for Biodefense and Infectious Diseases, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University , Manassas , VA , USA.
authors.forename: Benjamin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Foote
authors.affiliation: b Ceres Nanosciences Inc. , Manassas , VA , USA.
authors.forename: Benjamin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lepene
authors.affiliation: a National Center for Biodefense and Infectious Diseases, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University , Manassas , VA , USA.
authors.forename: Kylene
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kehn-Hall
mesh_terms: D060085:Coinfection / Q000821:virology; D017934:Coronavirus / Q000302:isolation & purification; D018352:Coronavirus Infections / Q000175:diagnosis; D006801:Humans; D007251:Influenza, Human / Q000175:diagnosis*; D036103:Nanotechnology / Q000379:methods*; D009666:Nose / Q000821:virology; D009975:Orthomyxoviridae / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D012136:Respiratory Syncytial Viruses / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D012141:Respiratory Tract Infections / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000821:virology; D012463:Saliva / Q000821:virology
keywords: diagnostics; influenza; nanotrap particles; respiratory pathogens; respiratory syncytial virus; viruses