title: Risk factor for first-incident hip fracture in Taiwanese postmenopausal women.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The variation in hip fracture risk between countries is greater than 10-fold. The present study aimed at identifying risk factors that resulted in the first occurrence of hip fracture in Taiwanese postmenopausal women.
  
  
  METHODS
  A case-control study with a patient group of 50 postmenopausal women, who were admitted to Keelung Chang Gung Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan due to the first incident of accidental hip fracture, was used to examine potential risk factors, including bone mass. Fifty women without hip fracture, selected from those undergoing general health evaluation at the Gynecology Outpatient Clinic at Keelung Chang Gung Hospital, were used as the control group and were matched to the case patients according to age. Evaluation consisted of a questionnaire, interview to document risk factors, physical examination (to record body height and body weight), and examination [dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry used to measure bone mineral density (BMD) of the hip and spine].
  
  
  RESULTS
  The average age of participants of both groups was 79.6 years. Lower level of education, younger age at menopause, increased body height, weight-bearing exercise less than three times per week, and lower BMD were associated with first-incident hip fracture. Total hip BMD was a stronger predictor than the BMD of different sites. Participants in the control group had a significantly higher prevalence of chronic diseases and a history of cataracts or glaucoma compared with those in the patient group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  While total hip BMD is the strongest predictor of hip fracture, increasing awareness of osteoporosis prevention by educating people about good lifestyle habits and how to maintain BMD is prioritized for preventing the first-incident hip fracture in Taiwanese women.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keelung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University, Taiwan. Electronic address: fangping@cgmh.org.tw.
authors.forename: Fang-Ping
authors.initials: FP
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Care Management, College of Management, Chang Gung University, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Kuang-Hung
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keelung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Tsai-Sheng
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keelung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University, Taiwan.
authors.forename: An-Shine
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Chao
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Research and Development, Keelung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yu-Wei
authors.initials: YW
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Keelung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chih-Ming
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Keelung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chen-Ming
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Sung
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Ingrid Ying-Yu
authors.initials: IY
authors.lastname: Chern
mesh_terms: D015502:Absorptiometry, Photon; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001827:Body Height; D015519:Bone Density; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004522:Educational Status; D015444:Exercise; D005260:Female; D005272:Femur Neck / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006620:Hip Fractures / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006621:Hip Joint / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D017698:Postmenopause; D012307:Risk Factors; D013624:Taiwan / Q000453:epidemiology; D016474:Weight-Bearing
keywords: Taiwanese postmenopausal women; bone mineral density; dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry; first occurrence of hip fracture; level of education