title: Lupus pneumonitis as the initial presentation of systemic lupus erythematosus: case series from a single institution.
abstract: Objective The aim of this study was to examine the clinical features, treatment and outcome of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients in our centre who presented with lupus pneumonitis as the initial manifestation. Methods We performed a retrospective review of all patients who presented with lupus pneumonitis during the initial SLE manifestation from March 2006 to March 2015. Results There were a total of five patients in our study who presented with fever and cough as the main clinical features. All patients had pulmonary infiltrates on chest radiographs. High-resolution computed tomography, which was performed in two patients, showed ground glass opacities with patchy consolidations bilaterally. All patients received high-dose steroids, 80% received intravenous cyclophosphamide and 60% received intravenous immunoglobulin. Two patients died from severe lupus pneumonitis within 2 weeks of admission despite treatment with ventilation, steroids, cyclophosphamide and intravenous immunoglobulin. Conclusions Acute lupus pneumonitis is an uncommon presentation of SLE. Mortality in this case series is 40%.
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Medicine, Sarawak General Hospital, Sarawak, Malaysia.
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Wan
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Medicine, Sarawak General Hospital, Sarawak, Malaysia.
authors.forename: C L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Teh
authors.affiliation: 2 Radiology Department, University Malaysia Sarawak, Sarawak, Malaysia.
authors.forename: A T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Jobli
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D003520:Cyclophosphamide / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017809:Fatal Outcome; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016756:Immunoglobulins, Intravenous / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality; D011014:Pneumonia / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality; D013902:Radiography, Thoracic / Q000379:methods; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013256:Steroids / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D016756:Immunoglobulins, Intravenous; D013256:Steroids; D003520:Cyclophosphamide
keywords: Lupus pneumonitis; systemic lupus erythematosus