title: Is the Nociceptive Blink Reflex Associated with Psychological Factors in Healthy Participants?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the possible association between the nociceptive blink reflex (nBR) and various pain-related psychological measures: the Anxiety Sensitivity Index-3 (ASI-3), the Fear of Pain Questionnaire III (FPQ-III), the Pain Vigilance and Awareness Questionnaire (PVAQ), the Somatosensory Amplification Scale (SSAS), the Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS), and the Situational Pain Catastrophizing Scale (S-PCS).
  
  
  METHODS
  The nBR was evaluated in 21 healthy participants. It was elicited by a nociceptive-specific electrode placed over the entry zone of the right supraorbital nerve, infraorbital nerve, and mental nerve, as well as the left infraorbital nerve. The outcomes were (1) nBR measurements: (a) individual electrical sensory threshold (I0) and pain threshold (IP); (b) root mean square (RMS), area under the curve (AUC), and onset latencies of R2 responses; (c) stimulus-evoked pain on a 0 to 10 numeric rating scale (NRS); and (2) the ASI-3, the FPQ-III, the PVAQ, the SSAS, the PCS, and the S-PCS. Pearson correlation coefficient was used to evaluate the association between the means of nBR measurements from all sites and the questionnaires The significance level was set up after a Bonferroni correction (adjusted α = .8%).
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no correlation for any pair of variables at the adjusted significance level (P > .008). There was only a single significant correlation at the standard significance level (P < .05), where the pain intensity (NRS) at 50% of IP presented a positive and small to moderate correlation with the PCS (r = 0.43, P = .04).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It appears that the nBR and its associated psychophysical measures are not associated with psychological factors in healthy participants.
authors.forename: Yuri Martins
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Costa
authors.forename: Lene
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Baad-Hansen
authors.forename: Leonardo Rigoldi
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Bonjardim
authors.forename: Paulo César
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Rodrigues Conti
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Svensson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001007:Anxiety / Q000523:psychology; D001143:Arousal; D001288:Attention; D001767:Blinking / Q000502:physiology*; D058443:Catastrophization / Q000523:psychology; D002680:Chin / Q000294:innervation; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D004576:Electromyography / Q000379:methods; D005239:Fear / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D059225:Nociception / Q000502:physiology*; D009915:Orbit / Q000294:innervation; D010146:Pain / Q000523:psychology*; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000379:methods; D017288:Pain Threshold / Q000523:psychology; D014276:Trigeminal Nerve / Q000502:physiology