title: A polyphenol-rich fraction obtained from table grapes decreases adiposity, insulin resistance and markers of inflammation and impacts gut microbiota in high-fat-fed mice.
abstract: The objective of this study was to determine if consuming an extractable or nonextractable fraction of table grapes reduced the metabolic consequences of consuming a high-fat, American-type diet. Male C57BL/6J mice were fed a low fat (LF) diet, a high fat (HF) diet, or an HF diet containing whole table grape powder (5% w/w), an extractable, polyphenol-rich (HF-EP) fraction, a nonextractable, polyphenol-poor (HF-NEP) fraction or equal combinations of both fractions (HF-EP+NEP) from grape powder for 16weeks. Mice fed the HF-EP and HF-EP+NEP diets had lower percentages of body fat and amounts of white adipose tissue (WAT) and improved glucose tolerance compared to the HF-fed controls. Mice fed the HF-EP+NEP diet had lower liver weights and triglyceride (TG) levels compared to the HF-fed controls. Mice fed the HF-EP+NEP diets had higher hepatic mRNA levels of hormone sensitive lipase and adipose TG lipase, and decreased expression of c-reactive protein compared to the HF-fed controls. In epididymal (visceral) WAT, the expression levels of several inflammatory genes were lower in mice fed the HF-EP and HF-EP+NEP diets compared to the HF-fed controls. Mice fed the HF diets had increased myeloperoxidase activity and impaired localization of the tight junction protein zonula occludens-1 in ileal mucosa compared to the HF-EP and HF-NEP diets. Several of these treatment effects were associated with alterations in gut bacterial community structure. Collectively, these data demonstrate that the polyphenol-rich, EP fraction from table grapes attenuated many of the adverse health consequences associated with consuming an HF diet.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Greensboro (UNCG), Greensboro, NC.
authors.forename: Brian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Collins
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Greensboro (UNCG), Greensboro, NC.
authors.forename: Jessie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hoffman
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL.
authors.forename: Kristina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Martinez
authors.affiliation: Plants for Human Health Institute, NCSU-NCRC, Kannapolis, NC.
authors.forename: Mary
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Grace
authors.affiliation: Plants for Human Health Institute, NCSU-NCRC, Kannapolis, NC.
authors.forename: Mary Ann
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Lila
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL.
authors.forename: Chase
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cockrell
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL.
authors.forename: Anuradha
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nadimpalli
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL.
authors.forename: Eugene
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine/Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC.
authors.forename: Chia-Chi
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Chuang
authors.affiliation: Center for Translational Biomedical Research, UNCG-NCRC, Kannapolis, NC.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhong
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Greensboro (UNCG), Greensboro, NC.
authors.forename: Jessica
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mackert
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Greensboro (UNCG), Greensboro, NC.
authors.forename: Wan
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Greensboro (UNCG), Greensboro, NC.
authors.forename: Paula
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Cooney
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Greensboro (UNCG), Greensboro, NC.
authors.forename: Robin
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hopkins
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Greensboro (UNCG), Greensboro, NC. Electronic address: mkmcinto@uncg.edu.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: McIntosh
mesh_terms: D050154:Adiposity / Q000187:drug effects*; D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism*; D059305:Diet, High-Fat; D000069196:Gastrointestinal Microbiome / Q000187:drug effects*; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D059808:Polyphenols / Q000494:pharmacology*; D027843:Vitis / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D059808:Polyphenols
keywords: Grapes; Inflammation; Intestines; Microbiota; Obesity; Steatosis