title: Brain-gut Axis and Pentadecapeptide BPC 157: Theoretical and Practical Implications.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Brain-gut interaction involves, among others, peptidergic growth factors which are native in GI tract and have strong antiulcer potency and thus could from periphery beneficially affect CNS-disorders. We focused on the stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157, an antiulcer peptidergic agent, safe in inflammatory bowel disease trials and now in multiple sclerosis trial, native and stable in human gastric juice.
  
  
  METHODS
  Review of our research on BPC 157 in terms of brain-gut axis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  BPC 157 may serve as a novel mediator of Robert's cytoprotection, involved in maintaining of GI mucosa integrity, with no toxic effect. BPC 157 was successful in the therapy of GI tract, periodontitis, liver and pancreas lesions, and in the healing of various tissues and wounds. Stimulated Egr-1 gene, NAB2, FAK-paxillin and JAK-2 pathways are hitherto implicated. Initially corresponding beneficial central influence was seen when BPC 157 was given peripherally and a serotonin release in particular brain areas, mostly nigrostriatal, was changed. BPC 157 modulates serotonergic and dopaminergic systems, beneficially affects various behavioral disturbances that otherwise appeared due to specifically (over)stimulated/damaged neurotransmitters systems. Besides, BPC 157 has neuroprotective effects: protects somatosensory neurons; peripheral nerve regeneration appearent after transection; after traumatic brain injury counteracts the otherwise progressing course, in rat spinal cord compression with tail paralysis, axonal and neuronal necrosis, demyelination, cyst formation and rescues tail function in both short-terms and long-terms; after NSAIDs or insulin overdose or cuprizone encephalopathies were attenuated along with GI, liver and vascular injuries.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  BPC 157, a gastric peptide, may serve as remedy in various CNS-disorders.
authors.affiliation: Medical Faculty, University of Zagreb, Šalata 3, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
authors.forename: Predrag
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sikiric
authors.forename: Sven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Seiwerth
authors.forename: Rudolf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rucman
authors.forename: Danijela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kolenc
authors.forename: Lovorka Batelja
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Vuletic
authors.forename: Domagoj
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Drmic
authors.forename: Tihomir
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Grgic
authors.forename: Sanja
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Strbe
authors.forename: Goran
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zukanovic
authors.forename: Dalibor
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Crvenkovic
authors.forename: Goran
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Madzarac
authors.forename: Iva
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Rukavina
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sucic
authors.forename: Marko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Baric
authors.forename: Neven
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Starcevic
authors.forename: Zoran
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Krstonijevic
authors.forename: Martina Lovric
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Bencic
authors.forename: Igor
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Filipcic
authors.forename: Dinko Stancic
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Rokotov
authors.forename: Josipa
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vlainic
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism*; D002491:Central Nervous System Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D041981:Gastrointestinal Tract / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000378:metabolism / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011506:Proteins / Q000378:metabolism / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D002491:Central Nervous System Agents; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D011506:Proteins; C083833:BPC 157