title: Toward Better Genetically Encoded Sensors of Membrane Potential.
abstract: Genetically encoded optical sensors of cell activity are powerful tools that can be targeted to specific cell types. This is especially important in neuroscience because individual brain regions can include a multitude of different cell types. Optical imaging allows for simultaneous recording from numerous neurons or brain regions. Optical signals of membrane potential are useful because membrane potential changes are a direct sign of both synaptic and action potentials. Here we describe recent improvements in the in vitro and in vivo signal size and kinetics of genetically encoded voltage indicators (GEVIs) and discuss their relationship to alternative sensors of neural activity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
authors.forename: Douglas
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Storace
authors.affiliation: Center for Functional Connectomics, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 136-791, Korea.
authors.forename: Masoud
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sepehri Rad
authors.affiliation: Center for Functional Connectomics, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 136-791, Korea.
authors.forename: BokEum
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.affiliation: Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Center for Functional Connectomics, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 136-791, Korea. Electronic address: lawrence.b.cohen@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Lawrence B
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA.
authors.forename: Thom
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hughes
authors.affiliation: Center for Functional Connectomics, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 136-791, Korea. Electronic address: bradley.baker19@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Bradley J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Baker
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000502:physiology*; D008564:Membrane Potentials / Q000502:physiology*; D009474:Neurons / Q000502:physiology*; D056969:Voltage-Sensitive Dye Imaging
keywords: Ehud Isacoff; Thomas Knopfel; genetically encoded calcium indicators (GECIs); genetically encoded voltage indicators (GEVIs)