title: Man-made rotary nanomotors: a review of recent developments.
abstract: The development of rotary nanomotors is an essential step towards intelligent nanomachines and nanorobots. In this article, we review the concept, design, working mechanisms, and applications of state-of-the-art rotary nanomotors made from synthetic nanoentities. The rotary nanomotors are categorized according to the energy sources employed to drive the rotary motion, including biochemical, optical, magnetic, and electric fields. The unique advantages and limitations for each type of rotary nanomachines are discussed. The advances of rotary nanomotors is pivotal for realizing dream nanomachines for myriad applications including microfluidics, biodiagnosis, nano-surgery, and biosubstance delivery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA. dfan@austin.utexas.edu.
authors.forename: Kwanoh
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Materials Science and Engineering Program, Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
authors.forename: Jianhe
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: Materials Science and Engineering Program, Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
authors.forename: Z X
authors.initials: ZX
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.affiliation: NovaMinds, LLC, 9535 Ketona Cv., Austin, TX 78759, USA.
authors.forename: F Q
authors.initials: FQ
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA. dfan@austin.utexas.edu and Materials Science and Engineering Program, Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Fan