title: Dengue Virus Immunopathogenesis: Lessons Applicable to the Emergence of Zika Virus.
abstract: Dengue is the leading mosquito-transmitted viral infection in the world. There are more than 390 million new infections annually; while the majority of infected individuals are asymptomatic or develop a self-limited dengue fever, up to 1 million clinical cases develop severe manifestations, including dengue hemorrhagic fever and shock syndrome, resulting in ~25,000 deaths annually, mainly in children. Gaps in our understanding of the mechanisms that contribute to dengue infection and immunopathogenesis have hampered the development of vaccines and antiviral agents. Some of these limitations are highlighted by the explosive re-emergence of another arthropod-borne flavivirus-Zika virus-spread by the same vector, the Aedes aegypti mosquito, that also carries dengue, yellow fever and chikungunya viruses. This review will discuss the early virus-host interactions in dengue infection, with emphasis on the interrelationship between oxidative stress and innate immune pathways, and will provide insight as to how lessons learned from dengue research may expedite therapeutic strategies for Zika virus.
authors.affiliation: Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University Montreal, Canada.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Olagnier
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Donatella
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Amatore
authors.affiliation: Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Luciano
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Castiello
authors.affiliation: Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Matteo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ferrari
authors.affiliation: Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Enrico
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Palermo
authors.affiliation: Departments of Medicine, Molecular Microbiology, Pathology & Immunology, Washington University at St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.
authors.forename: Michael S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Diamond
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy; Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Anna Teresa
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Palamara
authors.affiliation: Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy. Electronic address: john.hiscott@istitutopasteur.it.
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hiscott
mesh_terms: D000330:Aedes / Q000821:virology; D000818:Animals; D003716:Dengue Virus / Q000276:immunology* / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D000071244:Zika Virus / Q000276:immunology* / Q000472:pathogenicity*
keywords: Zika; dengue; innate immunity; oxidative stress; pathogenesis