title: Therapeutic effects of Wharton jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells on rat abortion models.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to investigate the therapeutic effects and mechanism of Wharton jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells (WJ-MSC) in a spontaneous-abortion rat model.
  
  
  METHODS
  An abortion model was established using intravenous injection of bromocriptine. WJ-MSC were isolated and cultured from Wharton jelly of the human umbilical cord. The pathologic changes of placenta decidual tissues were observed after hematoxylin-eosin staining. The embryo absorption rate was counted. The protein and mRNA levels of interleukin (IL)-10, interferon (IFN)-γ and IL-17 in each group were tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, Western blot and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After bromocriptine injection, decidual cells degenerated and the connections between them loosened. Furthermore, some of the decidual cells were necrotic and the nuclei had disappeared. However, the transplantation of a large population of WJ-MSC prevented these damages from occurring. The changes of levels of IL-10, IFN-γ and IL-17 in serum and placenta decidual tissues induced by bromocriptine were well restored by a high, but not a low, dose of WJ-MSC engraft.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  WJ-MSC can ameliorate early pregnancy loss. The mechanism may be related to its upregulation of IL-10 and downregulation of IFN-γ and IL-17.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China.|Department of Gynecology, Tumor Hospital of Nantong, Nantong, China.
authors.forename: Xiaojing
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China.
authors.forename: Xiaoqing
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China.
authors.forename: Rongrong
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of Social Security, Medical University of Chongqing, Chongqing, China.
authors.forename: Weiwei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China.
authors.forename: Huihui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynecology, Tumor Hospital of Nantong, Nantong, China.
authors.forename: Xia
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Qian
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China.
authors.forename: Yuquan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000022:Abortion, Spontaneous / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D000818:Animals; D001971:Bromocriptine; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000378:metabolism; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000378:metabolism; D020381:Interleukin-17 / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D045164:Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*; D010920:Placenta / Q000378:metabolism; D011247:Pregnancy; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D059631:Wharton Jelly / Q000166:cytology
chemical_list: C515934:Il17a protein, rat; D020381:Interleukin-17; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D016753:Interleukin-10; D001971:Bromocriptine; D007371:Interferon-gamma
keywords: Th1/Th2/Th17 cell subsets; Wharton jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells; abortion; rat; transplantation