title: Active nano/microbilayer hemostatic agents for diabetic rat bleeding model.
abstract: Patients with diabetes mellitus have an increased cardiovascular risk due to the abnormality of hemostatic system components. Therefore, hemostasis is an important concept when considering that diabetics are under risk due to potential bleeding complications during surgical operation. The aim of our study was to examine the efficiency of a fabricated nano/microbilayer hemostatic dressing for bleeding control in diabetic patients. For this purpose, we prepared a nano/microbilayer hemostatic dressing that has a porous sublayer, including chitosan (CTS), bacterial cellulose (BC) as basement and active agents in coagulation cascade, such as vitamin K (Vit K), protamine sulfate (PS), and kaolin (Kao) as a filler and an upper layer consisting of silk fibroin (SF) or SF/phosphatidylcholine (PC) blend to achieve complete hemostasis in diabetic rats. Coagulative performances of the prepared hemostatic dressings were examined by the determination of bleeding time, blood loss, and mortality rate through diabetic rat femoral artery injury model. The percent of diabetic rat blood absorption was found to be 247 ± 5% for gauze as opposed to 2214 ± 56% for SF-coated PS/BC/CTS. Vit K-reinforced within 138 s and SF-coated BC/CTS hemostatic dressings within 144 s showed a rapid coagulation time. In vivo coagulation studies demonstrated that hemostatic agent-reinforced BC/CTS hemostatic dressing, especially PS/BC/CTS showed a significant hemostatic plug formation. This study suggests that the high positive charge and porosity give to these hemostatic agents reinforced hemostatic dressings the ability to rapidly swell and to promote the accumulation of red blood cells and platelets through electrostatic interactions. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 105B: 1573-1585, 2017.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Arts, Aksaray University, Aksaray, Turkey.
authors.forename: Zeynep
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Karahaliloğlu
authors.affiliation: Advanced Technologies Research and Application Center, Hacettepe University, Beytepe, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Murat
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Demirbilek
authors.affiliation: Adacell, Yıldırım Beyazıt Training and Research Hospital, Dışkapı, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: İbrahim
authors.initials: İ
authors.lastname: Ulusoy
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Bilkent, Ankara, Turkey.|Department of Pathology, Atatürk Training and Research Hospital, Bilkent, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Berrak
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gümüşkaya
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hacettepe University, Beytepe, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Emir Baki
authors.initials: EB
authors.lastname: Denkbaş
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001458:Bandages; D002482:Cellulose / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D048271:Chitosan / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D005263:Femoral Artery / Q000293:injuries*; D005349:Fibroins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000628:therapy*; D006490:Hemostatics / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007616:Kaolin / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D011479:Protamines / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
chemical_list: D006490:Hemostatics; D011479:Protamines; D007616:Kaolin; D002482:Cellulose; D005349:Fibroins; D048271:Chitosan
keywords: bacterial cellulose; chitosan; diabetes mellitus; hemostasis; nanofiber