title: 25-Hydroxy Vitamin D, Vitamin D Receptor and Toll-like Receptor 2 Polymorphisms in Spinal Tuberculosis: A Case-Control Study.
abstract: Vitamin D deficiency and vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene abnormalities confer susceptibility to tuberculosis. Toll-like receptors (TLRs), such asTLR-2, are also important mediators of inflammatory response against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. We evaluated serum vitamin D, and VDR and TLR-2 gene polymorphisms in patients with spinal tuberculosis.This study comprised of 3 groups: spinal tuberculosis, pulmonary tuberculosis, and controls (each with 106 subjects). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to measure vitamin D levels, and polymerase chain reaction-sequencing method was used to analyze VDR and TLR-2 gene polymorphisms. Patients were followed up for 6 months.Vitamin D deficiency was significantly more prevalent in patients with spinal tuberculosis (P < 0.001) and pulmonary tuberculosis (P = 0.011), versus controls. The heterozygous and mutant genotypes of VDR TaqI gene were significantly associated with spinal tuberculosis (P < 0.001; odds ratio [OR] 4.74 [2.45-9.18]) and pulmonary tuberculosis (P < 0.001; OR 3.52 [1.80-6.88]) when compared with controls. The heterozygous and mutant variants of VDR ApaI gene were significantly more common in patients with spinal tuberculosis in comparison with patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (P < 0.001; OR 2.90 [1.65-5.10]) and controls (P < 0.001; OR 6.56 [3.41-12.61]). We did not observe any significantly different results for TLR-2 gene polymorphisms. Vitamin D deficiency, VDR, and TLR-2 polymorphisms did not affect the 6-month disability.Vitamin D deficiency and VDR gene polymorphisms are significantly more prevalent in people with pulmonary and spinal tuberculosis. They may, in isolation or collectively, confer susceptibility to pulmonary and spinal tuberculosis.
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Neurology (AP, RKG, HSM, NK, RV, PKS); Department of Microbiology (AJ, AKS, SP); Department of Pulmonary Medicine (RG); and Department of Biochemistry (AAM), King George Medical University, Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow, India.
authors.forename: Ajay
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Panwar
authors.forename: Ravindra Kumar
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Garg
authors.forename: Hardeep Singh
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Malhotra
authors.forename: Amita
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jain
authors.forename: Arvind Kumar
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: Shantanu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Prakash
authors.forename: Neeraj
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: Rajiv
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Garg
authors.forename: Abbas Ali
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Mahdi
authors.forename: Rajesh
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Verma
authors.forename: Praveen Kumar
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Sharma
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006580:Genetic Carrier Screening; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease / Q000235:genetics; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D007194:India; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D018167:Receptors, Calcitriol / Q000097:blood* / Q000235:genetics*; D051195:Toll-Like Receptor 2 / Q000097:blood* / Q000235:genetics*; D014397:Tuberculosis, Pulmonary / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics; D014399:Tuberculosis, Spinal / Q000097:blood* / Q000235:genetics*; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000097:blood; D014808:Vitamin D Deficiency / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D018167:Receptors, Calcitriol; C495342:TLR2 protein, human; D051195:Toll-Like Receptor 2; D014807:Vitamin D; C104450:25-hydroxyvitamin D