title: Two C-C Family Chemokines, Eotaxin and RANTES, Are Novel Independent Plasma Biomarkers for Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm.
abstract: Inflammation of the aortic wall is recognised as a key pathogenesis of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). This study was undertaken to determine whether inflammatory cytokines could be used as biomarkers for the presence of AAA.
  
  
  
  Tissue profiles of 27 inflammatory cytokine were examined in AAA (n=14) and nonaneurysmal (n=14) aortic tissues. Three cytokines, regulated upon activation normally T-cell expressed and secreted (RANTES), eotaxin, and macrophage inflammatory protein 1 beta (MIP-1b), had increased expression in AAA, particularly within the adventitial layer of the aortic wall. Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) had reduced expression in all layers of the AAA wall. Examination of the circulating plasma profiles of AAA (n=442) and AAA-free controls (n=970) suggested a (risk factor adjusted) AAA-association with eotaxin, RANTES, and high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP). A plasma inflammatory cytokine score, calculated using these three markers, suggested a strong risk association with AAA (odds ratio, 4.8; 95% CI, 3.5-6.7; P<0.0001), independent of age, sex, history of ischemic heart disease, and smoking.
  
  
  
  Contrary to reports suggesting a distinct T helper 2-associated inflammatory profile in AAA, this current study suggests a more-generalized pattern of inflammation, albeit with some potentially distinct features, including elevated plasma eotaxin and decreased plasma RANTES. In combination with hsCRP, these markers may have potential utility as AAA biomarkers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand greg.jones@otago.ac.nz.
authors.forename: Gregory T
authors.initials: GT
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
authors.forename: L Victoria
authors.initials: LV
authors.lastname: Phillips
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Michael J A
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Andre M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: van Rij
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Tasnuva D
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Kabir
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001012:Aorta, Abdominal / Q000378:metabolism*; D017544:Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism*; D054413:Chemokine CCL11 / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics*; D054423:Chemokine CCL24 / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics*; D000075906:Chemokine CCL26 / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics*; D054407:Chemokine CCL4 / Q000235:genetics*; D018946:Chemokine CCL5 / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D016222:Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C515456:CCL11 protein, human; C515484:CCL24 protein, human; C120429:CCL26 protein, human; C066507:CCL4 protein, human; C483024:CCL5 protein, human; D054413:Chemokine CCL11; D054423:Chemokine CCL24; D000075906:Chemokine CCL26; D054407:Chemokine CCL4; D018946:Chemokine CCL5; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D016222:Fibroblast Growth Factor 2; D002097:C-Reactive Protein
keywords: C‐reactive protein; RANTES; abdominal aortic aneurysm; aorta; eotaxin; inflammation; plasma