title: Perceived functional impairment and spirituality/religiosity as predictors of depression in a Sri Lankan spinal cord injury patient population.
abstract: METHODS
  Cross-sectional, questionnaire-based study.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To test the hypothesis that self-perceived functional impairment and religiosity/spirituality (S/R) predict depression among traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) patients in Sri Lanka.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ragama Rheumatology and Rehabilitation Hospital, Ragama, Sri Lanka.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Spinal Cord Independence Measure, Benefit Through Spirituality/Religiosity Scale, Sheehan Disability Inventory and Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) were administered to 61 consenting in-patients with traumatic SCI between June and July 2014. A linear regression model on BDI-II score was developed to examine the impact of self-perceived functional impairment and S/R activities on psychiatric outcomes in context of various sociodemographic variables.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Psychiatric consequences of SCI were reflected in a 41% prevalence of depression. Thirty-six percent (R2=0.36) of the variance in BDI-II scores (F(5, 55)=6.07, P<0.001) was explained by the regression model. Functional impairment (β=0.54, t(55)=4.73, P<0.001) and perceived benefit through S/R activities (β=-0.31, t(55)=-2.55, P<0.05) emerged as the strongest predictors for depression severity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Perceived functional impairment in work, social and family domains predicted depressive symptomatology among SCI inpatients in Sri Lanka, while perceived benefit through S/R protected against depression. The findings emphasize the need for rehabilitative programming to support patients' S/R activities and mental wellbeing, promoting reintegration into their community roles.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Xue
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Arya
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya, Ragama, Sri Lanka.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Embuldeniya
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya, Ragama, Sri Lanka.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Narammalage
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.|Division of Mood and Anxiety Disorders, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: da Silva
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya, Ragama, Sri Lanka.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.affiliation: Division of Mood and Anxiety Disorders, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON, Canada.|Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ravindran
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003863:Depression / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D010243:Paralysis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology; D015995:Prevalence; D011379:Prognosis; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012047:Rehabilitation Centers; D012649:Self Concept; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology*; D029181:Spirituality; D013188:Sri Lanka / Q000453:epidemiology