title: Mentor experiences of international healthcare students' learning in a clinical environment: A systematic review.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Globalisation has brought new possibilities for international growth in education and professional mobility among healthcare professionals. There has been a noticeable increase of international degree programmes in non-English speaking countries in Europe, creating clinical learning challenges for healthcare students.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this systematic review was to describe mentors' experiences of international healthcare students' learning in a clinical environment. The objective of the review was to identify what influences the success or failure of mentoring international healthcare students when learning in the clinical environment, with the ultimate aim being to promote optimal mentoring practice.
  
  
  METHODS
  A systematic review was conducted according to the guidelines of the Centre for Reviews and Dissemination.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seven electronic databases were used to search for the published results of previous research: CINAHL, Medline Ovid, Scopus, the Web of Science, Academic Search Premiere, Eric, and the Cochrane Library.
  
  
  METHODS
  Search inclusion criteria were planned in the PICOS review format by including peer-reviewed articles published in any language between 2000 and 2014. Five peer-reviewed articles remained after the screening process. The results of the original studies were analysed using a thematic synthesis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results indicate that a positive intercultural mentor enhanced reciprocal learning by improving the experience of international healthcare students and reducing stress in the clinical environment. Integrating international healthcare students into work with domestic students was seen to be important for reciprocal learning and the avoidance of discrimination.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Many healthcare students were found to share similar experiences of mentoring and learning irrespective of their cultural background. However, the role of a positive intercultural mentor was found to make a significant difference for international students: such mentors advocated and mediated cultural differences and created a welcoming environment for international students by helping to minimise feelings of social isolation.
authors.affiliation: Research Unit of Nursing Science and Health Management, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland. Electronic address: kristina.mikkonen@oulu.fi.
authors.forename: Kristina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mikkonen
authors.affiliation: Research Unit of Nursing Science and Health Management, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
authors.forename: Satu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Elo
authors.affiliation: Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
authors.forename: Anna-Maria
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Tuomikoski
authors.affiliation: Research Unit of Nursing Science and Health Management, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kääriäinen
mesh_terms: D002983:Clinical Competence; D018864:Cultural Diversity; D003695:Delivery of Health Care; D014943:Global Health; D006801:Humans; D038622:Internationality; D007802:Language; D007858:Learning; D008611:Mentors / Q000523:psychology*; D015402:Nursing Education Research; D013336:Students, Health Occupations / Q000523:psychology*; D013338:Students, Nursing / Q000523:psychology
keywords: Clinical environment; Clinical learning; Clinical mentors; Clinical practice; Cultural and linguistic diversity; Healthcare students