title: Automotive airborne brake wear debris nanoparticles and cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay in peripheral blood lymphocytes: A pilot study.
abstract: Motor vehicle exhaust and non-exhaust processes play a significant role in environmental pollution, as they are a source of the finest particulate matter. Emissions from non-exhaust processes include wear-products of brakes, tires, automotive hardware, road surface, and traffic signs, but still are paid little attention to. Automotive friction composites for brake pads are composite materials which may consist of potentially hazardous materials and there is a lack of information regarding the potential influence of the brake wear debris (BWD) on the environment, especially on human health. Thus, we focused our study on the genotoxicity of the airborne fraction of BWD using a brake pad model representing an average low-metallic formulation available in the EU market. BWD was generated in the laboratory by a full-scale brake dynamometer and characterized by Raman microspectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy showing that it contains nano-sized crystalline metal-based particles. Genotoxicity tested in human lymphocytes in different testing conditions showed an increase in frequencies of micronucleated binucleated cells (MNBNCs) exposed for 48h to BWD nanoparticles (NPs) (with 10% of foetal calf serum in culture medium) compared with lymphocytes exposed to medium alone, statistically significant only at the concentration 3µg/cm(2) (p=0.032).
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Slovak Medical University, Limbova 12, 833 03 Bratislava, Slovakia. Electronic address: alena.kazimirova@szu.sk.
authors.forename: Alena
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kazimirova
authors.affiliation: Nanotechnology Centre, VŠB - Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 15, 708 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic; IT4Innovations, VŠB - Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 15, 708 33 Ostrava-Poruba, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Pavlina
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Peikertova
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Slovak Medical University, Limbova 12, 833 03 Bratislava, Slovakia.
authors.forename: Magdalena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Barancokova
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Slovak Medical University, Limbova 12, 833 03 Bratislava, Slovakia.
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Staruchova
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Slovak Medical University, Limbova 12, 833 03 Bratislava, Slovakia.
authors.forename: Jana
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tulinska
authors.affiliation: Nanotechnology Centre, VŠB - Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 15, 708 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Miroslav
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vaculik
authors.affiliation: Nanotechnology Centre, VŠB - Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 15, 708 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic; Institute of Electrical Engineering, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská Cesta 9, 841 03 Bratislava, Slovakia.
authors.forename: Ivo
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Vavra
authors.affiliation: Nanotechnology Centre, VŠB - Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 15, 708 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Jana
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kukutschova
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering and Energy Processes, Southern Illinois University, Lincoln Drive 1263, 62901 Carbondale, USA.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Filip
authors.affiliation: Health Effects Laboratory, Department of Environmental Chemistry, NILU-Norwegian Institute for Air Research, Instituttveien 18, 2007 Kjeller, Norway.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dusinska
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D048749:Cytokinesis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D018986:Motor Vehicles; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D052638:Particulate Matter / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity*; D010865:Pilot Projects; D013059:Spectrum Analysis, Raman
chemical_list: D052638:Particulate Matter
keywords: Blood lymphocytes; Brake wear debris nanoparticles; Cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay; Genotoxicity