title: Saliendo Adelante: Stressors and Coping Strategies Among Immigrant Latino Men Who Have Sex With Men in a Nontraditional Settlement State.
abstract: Immigrant Latino men who have sex with men (MSM) are marginalized along multiple dimensions (e.g., ethnicity, sexual orientation, language use), which can negatively affect their health and well-being. As little is known about how this subgroup experiences the stress of marginalization and how, in turn, they cope with such stress, this study investigated stressors and coping strategies to better understand the factors shaping Latino MSM health. Assisted by a community advisory committee, we conducted in-depth interviews with 15 foreign-born Latino MSM in a nontraditional settlement state. Drawing on grounded theory methods, we analyzed transcripts iteratively to identify processes and characterize themes. Results were confirmed in member check interviews (n = 4) and findings were further contextualized through key informant interviews (n = 3). Participants reported ubiquitous, concurrent stressors due to being an immigrant, being a sexual minority, and being working poor. In particular, homophobia within families and local Latino communities was seen as pervasive. Some participants faced additional stressors due to being undocumented and not being Mexican. Participants drew on four types of coping strategies, with no dominant coping response: passive coping (i.e., not reacting to stressors); attempting to change stressors; seeking social support; and seeking distractions. Family ties, especially with mothers, provided key emotional support but could also generate stress related to participants' sexuality. This study lays a foundation for future work and is particularly relevant for Latino MSM in nontraditional settlement states. Findings may inform future interventions to reduce stressors and increase resiliency, which can positively affect multiple health outcomes.
authors.affiliation: University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA paul-gilbert@uiowa.edu.
authors.forename: Paul A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Gilbert
authors.affiliation: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
authors.forename: Clare
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Barrington
authors.affiliation: Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
authors.forename: Scott D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Rhodes
authors.affiliation: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
authors.forename: Eugenia
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Eng
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000328:Adult; D054242:Emigrants and Immigrants / Q000523:psychology*; D006630:Hispanic or Latino / Q000523:psychology*; D018451:Homosexuality, Male / Q000208:ethnology / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D057545:Social Stigma; D012944:Social Support; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000208:ethnology / Q000523:psychology*; D014481:United States
keywords: cultural disparity; gay; marginalization; qualitative research; social determinants of health