title: Daily Mean Temperature Affects Urolithiasis Presentation in Seoul: a Time-series Analysis.
abstract: This study aimed to investigate the overall cumulative exposure-response and the lag response relationships between daily temperature and urolithiasis presentation in Seoul. Using a time-series design and distributing lag nonlinear methods, we estimated the relative risk (RR) of urolithiasis presentation associated with mean daily temperature, including the cumulative RR for a 20 days period, and RR for individual daily lag through 20 days. We analyzed data from 14,518 patients of 4 hospitals emergency department who sought medical evaluation or treatment of urolithiasis from 2005-2013 in Seoul. RR was estimated according to sex and age. Associations between mean daily temperature and urolithiasis presentation were not monotonic. Furthermore, there was variation in the exposure-response curve shapes and the strength of association at different temperatures, although in most cases RRs increased for temperatures above the 13°C reference value. The RRs for urolothiasis at 29°C vs. 13°C were 2.54 in all patients (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.67-3.87), 2.59 in male (95% CI, 1.56-4.32), 2.42 in female (95% CI, 1.15-5.07), 3.83 in male less than 40 years old (95% CI, 1.78-8.26), and 2.47 in male between 40 and 60 years old (95% CI, 1.15-5.34). Consistent trends of increasing RR of urolithiasis presentation were observed within 5 days of high temperatures across all groups. Urolithiasis presentation increased with high temperature with higher daily mean temperatures, with the strongest associations estimated for lags of only a few days, in Seoul, a metropolitan city in Korea.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Seonam University College of Medicine, Myongji Hospital, Goyang, Korea .
authors.forename: SeoYeon
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-3397-5595
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Seoul Medical Center, Seoul, Korea .
authors.forename: Min-Su
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-6139-7388
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, KEPCO Medical Center, Seoul, Korea .
authors.forename: Jung Hoon
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-0947-876X
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Health promotion, Severance Check-up, Health Promotion Center, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, Korea .
authors.forename: Jong Kyou
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-6143-7586
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Severance Hospital, Urological Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea .
authors.forename: Byung Hoon
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-4184-7780
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Chi
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea .
authors.forename: Jin Wook
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-4157-9365
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea .
authors.forename: In Ho
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-0240-1310
authors.initials: IH
authors.lastname: Chang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D016208:Databases, Factual; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012044:Regression Analysis; D056910:Republic of Korea; D012306:Risk; D066106:Seoul; D012737:Sex Factors; D013696:Temperature; D013997:Time Factors; D052878:Urolithiasis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*
keywords: Interrupted Time Series Analysis; Temperature; Urolithiasis