title: Dietary patterns and the risk of obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, asthma, and neurodegenerative diseases.
abstract: Diet and lifestyle play a significant role in the development chronic diseases; however the full complexity of this relationship is not yet understood. Dietary pattern investigation, which reflects the complexity of dietary intake, has emerged as an alternative and complementary approach for examining the association between diet and chronic diseases. Literature on this association has largely focused on individual nutrients, with conflicting outcomes, but individuals consume a combination of foods from many groups that form dietary patterns. Our objective was to systematically review the current findings on the effects of dietary patterns on chronic diseases. In this review, we describe and discuss the relationships between dietary patterns, such as the Mediterranean, the Dietary Approach to Stop Hypertension, Prudent, Seventh-day Adventists, and Western, with risk of obesity, type-2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, asthma, and neurodegenearive diseases. Evidence is increasing from both observational and clinical studies that plant-based dietary patterns, which are rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains, are valuable in preventing various chronic diseases, whereas a diet high in red and processed meat, refined grains and added sugar seems to increase said risk. Dietary pattern analysis might be especially valuable to the development and evaluation of food-based dietary guidelines.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Internal Medicine , Hospital Clinic, Biomedical Research Institute "August Pi i Sunyer" (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain.|b The Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN) . Institute of Health Carlos III , Madrid , Spain.
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Medina-Remón
authors.affiliation: a Department of Internal Medicine , Hospital Clinic, Biomedical Research Institute "August Pi i Sunyer" (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain.
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kirwan
authors.affiliation: b The Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN) . Institute of Health Carlos III , Madrid , Spain.|c Department of Nutrition, Food Science, and Gastronomy . School of Pharmacy and Food Science. INSA-UB. University of Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain.
authors.forename: Rosa M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Lamuela-Raventós
authors.affiliation: a Department of Internal Medicine , Hospital Clinic, Biomedical Research Institute "August Pi i Sunyer" (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain.|b The Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN) . Institute of Health Carlos III , Madrid , Spain.
authors.forename: Ramón
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Estruch
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001249:Asthma / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000401:mortality / Q000517:prevention & control; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000401:mortality / Q000517:prevention & control; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000401:mortality / Q000517:prevention & control; D000072001:Diet, Healthy; D038441:Diet, Mediterranean; D066273:Diet, Western / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000073601:Dietary Approaches To Stop Hypertension; D000073417:Dietary Sugars / Q000009:adverse effects; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008460:Meat / Q000009:adverse effects; D009026:Mortality; D019636:Neurodegenerative Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000401:mortality / Q000517:prevention & control; D009765:Obesity / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000401:mortality / Q000517:prevention & control; D012306:Risk
chemical_list: D000073417:Dietary Sugars
keywords: DASH diet; Mediterranean diet; prudent diet; seventh-day adventists diet; western diet