title: Reliability of Computer-Assisted and Manual Measurement Methods for Assessment of Graf Type 1 and Type 2 Hip Sonograms.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to investigate the interobserver, intraobserver, and intermethod reliability of computer-assisted digital and manual measurements of hip sonograms.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventy-four hip sonograms were evaluated in this retrospective study. Five evaluators measured digital images and manual paper printouts according to the Graf method (Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 1984; 102:248-255). Interobserver and intraobserver reliability rates were calculated. Reliability criteria were graded on a numeric scale.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The interobserver reliability of both computer-based and manual methods for alpha angle measurements was good to excellent, but the interobserver reliability was fair to poor for beta angle measurements. Intraobserver reliability was varied. Alpha angle measurements by both manual and computer-based methods had high concordance with each other, whereas beta angle measurements had low concordance. The intermethod variability did not differ between observers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The alpha angle measurements had high concordance with each other for both manual and computer-based methods, whereas the beta angle measurements had low concordance. This information should be taken into account in clinical practice. Overall, the two measurement methods were reliable and consistent with each other.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey fuatbilgili@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Fuat
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bilgili
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Haseki Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Çiğdem Özkara
authors.initials: ÇÖ
authors.lastname: Bilgili
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Baltalimanı Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Engin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Çetinkaya
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Taksim Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Abdulkadir
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Polat
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Haseki Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: İbrahim
authors.initials: İ
authors.lastname: Sungur
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Bahcelievler State Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Yavuz
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Saglam
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Kamber
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kasali
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Taksim Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Atilla Sancar
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Parmaksızoğlu
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D006618:Hip Dislocation, Congenital / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006621:Hip Joint / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D015588:Observer Variation; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014463:Ultrasonography / Q000379:methods*
keywords: hip sonography; interobserver reliability; intraobserver reliability; machine-based measurement; manual measurement; musculoskeletal ultrasound