title: Removal of Gross Air Embolization from Cardiopulmonary Bypass Circuits with Integrated Arterial Line Filters: A Comparison of Circuit Designs.
abstract: Advances in technology, the desire to minimize blood product transfusions, and concerns relating to inflammatory mediators have lead many practitioners and manufacturers to minimize cardiopulmonary bypass (CBP) circuit designs. The oxygenator and arterial line filter (ALF) have been integrated into one device as a method of attaining a reduction in prime volume and surface area. The instructions for use of a currently available oxygenator with integrated ALF recommends incorporating a recirculation line distal to the oxygenator. However, according to an unscientific survey, 70% of respondents utilize CPB circuits incorporating integrated ALFs without a path of recirculation distal to the oxygenator outlet. Considering this circuit design, the ability to quickly remove a gross air bolus in the blood path distal to the oxygenator may be compromised. This in vitro study was designed to determine if the time required to remove a gross air bolus from a CPB circuit without a path of recirculation distal to the oxygenator will be significantly longer than that of a circuit with a path of recirculation distal to the oxygenator. A significant difference was found in the mean time required to remove a gross air bolus between the circuit designs (p = .0003). Additionally, There was found to be a statistically significant difference in the mean time required to remove a gross air bolus between Trial 1 and Trials 4 (p = .015) and 5 (p =.014) irrespective of the circuit design. Under the parameters of this study, a recirculation line distal to an oxygenator with an integrated ALF significantly decreases the time it takes to remove an air bolus from the CPB circuit and may be safer for clinical use than the same circuit without a recirculation line.
authors.affiliation: Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio; and University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska.
authors.forename: James A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Reagor
authors.affiliation: Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio; and University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska.
authors.forename: David W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Holt
mesh_terms: D002315:Cardiopulmonary Bypass / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D004618:Embolism, Air / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D004867:Equipment Design; D005374:Filtration / Q000295:instrumentation*; D006355:Heart-Lung Machine / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D010106:Oxygenators / Q000009:adverse effects; D062666:Vascular Access Devices / Q000009:adverse effects
keywords: cardiopulmonary bypass; gas embolism; integrated arterial filter; practice; safety