title: Determination of aminoglycoside residues in milk and muscle based on a simple and fast extraction procedure followed by liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry and time of flight mass spectrometry.
abstract: Antibiotics are widely used in veterinary medicine mainly for treatment and prevention of diseases. The aminoglycosides are one of the antibiotics classes that have been extensively employed in animal husbandry for the treatment of bacterial infections, but also as growth promotion. The European Union has issued strict Maximum Residue Levels (MRLs) for aminoglycosides in several animal origin products including bovine milk, bovine, swine and poultry muscle. This paper describes a fast and simple analytical method for the determination of ten aminoglycosides (spectinomycin, tobramycin, gentamicin, kanamycin, hygromycin, apramycin, streptomycin, dihydrostreptomycin, amikacin and neomycin) in bovine milk and bovine, swine and poultry muscle. For sample preparation, an extraction method was developed using trichloroacetic acid and clean up with low temperature precipitation and C18 bulk. Liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was used to carry out quantitative analysis and liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time of flight-mass spectrometry (LC-QTOF-MS) was used to screening purposes. Both methods were validated according to the European Union Commission Directive 2002/657/EC. Good performance characteristics were obtained for recovery, precision, calibration curve, specificity, decision limits (CCα) and detection capabilities (CCβ) in all matrices evaluated. The detection limit (LOD) and quantification limit (LOQ) were ranging from 5 to 100ngg(-1) and 12.5 to 250ngg(-1), respectively. Good linearity (r)-above 0.99-was achieved in concentrations ranging from 0.0 to 2.0×MRL. Recoveries ranged from 36.8% to 98.0% and the coefficient of variation from 0.9 to 20.2%, noting that all curves have been made into their own matrices in order to minimize the matrix effects. The CCβ values obtained in qualitative method were between 25 and 250ngg(-1). The proposed method showed to be simple, easy, and adequate for high-throughput analysis of a large number of samples per day at low cost.
authors.affiliation: Laboratório Nacional Agropecuário - LANAGRO/RS, Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento do Brasil, Estrada da Ponta Grossa 3036, ZIP 91780-580 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500, ZIP 91501-970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. Electronic address: juarsand@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Juliana Bazzan
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Arsand
authors.affiliation: Laboratório Nacional Agropecuário - LANAGRO/RS, Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento do Brasil, Estrada da Ponta Grossa 3036, ZIP 91780-580 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500, ZIP 91501-970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Louíse
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Jank
authors.affiliation: Laboratório Nacional Agropecuário - LANAGRO/RS, Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento do Brasil, Estrada da Ponta Grossa 3036, ZIP 91780-580 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Magda Targa
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Martins
authors.affiliation: Laboratório Nacional Agropecuário - LANAGRO/RS, Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento do Brasil, Estrada da Ponta Grossa 3036, ZIP 91780-580 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rodrigo Barcellos
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Hoff
authors.affiliation: Laboratório Nacional Agropecuário - LANAGRO/RS, Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento do Brasil, Estrada da Ponta Grossa 3036, ZIP 91780-580 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Fabiano
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Barreto
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500, ZIP 91501-970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Tânia Mara
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Pizzolato
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500, ZIP 91501-970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Carla
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sirtori
mesh_terms: D000617:Aminoglycosides; D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid; D008892:Milk; D013552:Swine; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry
chemical_list: D000617:Aminoglycosides; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents
keywords: Aminoglycosides; LC–MS/MS; Milk; Muscle; Residues; Time of flight mass spectrometry