title: Adhesion of Streptococcus Mutans to Glass Ionomer, BisCem Cement and Enamel: An in Vitro Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Considering the adhesion of some microorganisms such as Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) to restorative materials and the unrecognized consequences of this phenomenon, and due to the controversies in this regard, it is important to discover the materials to which the lowest adhesion of S. mutans occurs. The objective of this study was to assess the level of adhesion of S. mutans to glass ionomer (GI), BisCem Cement and enamel.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this in vitro experimental study, 12 specimens including five GI blocks (GC America Inc., Alsip, IL, USA), five BisCem blocks (Bisco Inc., Schaumburg, IL, USA) and two enamel blocks were exposed to a bacterial suspension (1×10(6) mg/mL). After incubation for one hour at 37°C, the swab samples were taken and cultured in blood agar. The S. mutans colonies were counted by unaided vision after 48 hours of incubation. The results were analyzed using ANOVA followed by the Tukey's test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The number of colonies attributed to enamel, GI, and BisCem blocks was 24±2, 24.2±2.7 and 14.8±1.7 colonies/mm(2), respectively. There was no difference between enamel and GI in terms of adhesion of S. mutans (P=0.08 and P>0.001, respectively); however, the difference between these two and BisCem was statistically significant (P= 0.00075 and P<0.001, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Within the limitations of this study, BisCem cement is superior to GI for the cementation of indirect restorations.
authors.affiliation: Associate Professor, Department of Fix Prosthodontics, Member of Implant Research Center, Dental Branch, Azad University of Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Ezzatollah
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Jalalian
authors.affiliation: Dentist, MPH, University of Nevada, LV, School of Community Health Sciences, Nevada, USA.
authors.forename: Ghazal
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mofrad
authors.affiliation: Dentist, Resident of Oral & Maxillofacial Radiology, Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Radiology, Islamic Azad University, Tehran Dental Branch, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Sogol
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ahmadpour
keywords: Bacterial Adhesion; BisCem Cement; Glass Ionomer Cements; Streptococcus Mutans