title: IL-32: A Novel Pluripotent Inflammatory Interleukin, towards Gastric Inflammation, Gastric Cancer, and Chronic Rhino Sinusitis.
abstract: A vast variety of nonstructural proteins have been studied for their key roles and involvement in a number of biological phenomenona. Interleukin-32 is a novel cytokine whose presence has been confirmed in most of the mammals except rodents. The IL-32 gene was identified on human chromosome 16 p13.3. The gene has eight exons and nine splice variants, namely, IL-32α, IL-32β, IL-32γ, IL-32δ, IL-32ε, IL-32ζ, IL-32η, IL-32θ, and IL-32s. It was found to induce the expression of various inflammatory cytokines including TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β as well as macrophage inflammatory protein-2 (MIP-2) and has been reported previously to be involved in the pathogenesis and progression of a number of inflammatory disorders, namely, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), gastric inflammation and cancer, rheumatoid arthritis, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). In the current review, we have highlighted the involvement of IL-32 in gastric cancer, gastric inflammation, and chronic rhinosinusitis. We have also tried to explore various mechanisms suspected to induce the expression of this extraordinary cytokine as well as various mechanisms of action employed by IL-32 during the mediation and progression of the above said problems.
authors.affiliation: Cell and Molecular Biology Lab, Department of Zoology, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Muhammad Babar
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-1812-0591
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Khawar
authors.affiliation: Cell and Molecular Biology Lab, Department of Zoology, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan; Department of Zoology, Government College of Science, Wahdat Road, Lahore, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Muddasir Hassan
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-7856-7013
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Abbasi
authors.affiliation: Cell and Molecular Biology Lab, Department of Zoology, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Nadeem
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-9503-9538
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sheikh
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D002908:Chronic Disease; D005756:Gastritis / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D015212:Inflammatory Bowel Diseases / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D007378:Interleukins / Q000378:metabolism*; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D012852:Sinusitis / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: C496971:IL32 protein, human; D007378:Interleukins