title: Emerging Trends in Nonsurgical Female Genital Rejuvenation.
abstract: Aging, childbearing, and hormonal changes can lead to vulvovaginal laxity and mucosal atrophy that negatively affect a woman's quality of life. As more minimally and noninvasive options for genital rejuvenation become available in the outpatient setting, it becomes increasingly important for the dermatologic surgeon to be familiar with these popular procedures.
  
  
  
  To familiarize dermatologists with the nonsurgical options available for female genital rejuvenation, patient motivations for pursuing these procedures, relevant anatomy, and potential adverse events.
  
  
  
  A MEDLINE search was performed on nonsurgical female genital rejuvenation from 1989 to 2015, and results are summarized.
  
  
  
  Reports of nonsurgical female genital rejuvenation procedures using fractional carbon dioxide lasers, nonablative lasers, monopolar radiofrequency devices, hyaluronic acid fillers, and fat transfer are concisely summarized for the practicing dermatologist.
  
  
  
  Review of the literature revealed expanding options for nonsurgical female genital rejuvenation.
authors.affiliation: *Department of Dermatology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; †Goldman, Butterwick, Groff, Fabi & Wu, Cosmetic Laser Dermatology, San Diego, California; ‡Associated Plastic Surgeons, S.C. (Arlington Heights and Chicago), Arlington Heights and Chicago, Illinois; Department of Surgery (Plastic), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine Chicago, Illinois; §University of California San Diego, San Diego, California.
authors.forename: Monique
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vanaman
authors.forename: Joanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bolton
authors.forename: Otto
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Placik
authors.forename: Sabrina Guillen
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Fabi
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000637:transplantation; D000287:Administration, Topical; D000067548:Dermal Fillers / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004967:Estrogens / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D053685:Laser Therapy; D053657:Platelet-Rich Plasma; D000078702:Radiofrequency Therapy; D012060:Rejuvenation; D063465:Skin Cream; D014621:Vagina / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology* / Q000528:radiation effects; D014844:Vulva / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology* / Q000528:radiation effects
chemical_list: D000067548:Dermal Fillers; D004967:Estrogens