title: Psychometric Validation of the Traditional Chinese Version of the Early Onset Scoliosis-24 Item Questionnaire (EOSQ-24).
abstract: METHODS
  Questionnaire translation and validation.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to translate and cross-culturally adapt the Early Onset Scoliosis-24 item Questionnaire (EOSQ-24) into traditional Chinese, and to assess its validity, reliability, and sensitivity in Southern-Chinese patients diagnosed with early onset scoliosis (EOS).
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Relying on radiographs alone for assessing treatment outcomes in EOS patients is inadequate. To properly gauge health-related quality of life, a disease-specific instrument that assesses patient quality of life and the burden of primary caregivers is necessary. The EOSQ-24 was created for this purpose, but it has not been adapted to the Chinese language.
  
  
  METHODS
  The translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the original English EOSQ-24 were performed using the method of double forward and single backward translations, followed by a panel review. EOS patients of Southern-Chinese descent were recruited, via convenience sampling from a scoliosis specialty clinic. These patients' parents/caretakers were then administered the traditional Chinese EOSQ-24, Likert Scale regarding the understanding of completed EOSQ-24, and the Child Health Questionnaire Parent Form 50 (CHQ-PF50) (Traditional Chinese). Reliability was analyzed using Cronbach alpha. Construct validity of domains and subdomains was assessed using Spearman correlation test against CHQ-PF50 domains with similar constructs. Sensitivity of the EOSQ-24 scores was determined by performing known group comparisons.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 100 EOS patients were recruited. A very good reliability was demonstrated (Cronbach α: 0.896) and internal consistency of all domains was excellent (Cronbach α: 0.829-0.919). Subdomain scores of EOSQ-24 and CHQ-PF50 had significant correlations (P < 0.001), indicating a good construct validity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is the first psychometric study to translate and adapt the EOSQ-24 questionnaire for Chinese EOS patients and it has been found to have satisfactory validity, reliability, and sensitivity. It is a useful disease-specific instrument for assessing patients' quality of life and the burden of caregivers.
  
  
  METHODS
  2.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
authors.forename: Jason Pui Yin
authors.initials: JPY
authors.lastname: Cheung
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
authors.forename: Prudence Wing Hang
authors.initials: PWH
authors.lastname: Cheung
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Medicine and Primary Care, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
authors.forename: Carlos King Ho
authors.initials: CKH
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
authors.forename: Dino
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Samartzis
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
authors.forename: Keith Dip-Kei
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Luk
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Medicine and Primary Care, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
authors.forename: Cindy Lo Kuen
authors.initials: CLK
authors.lastname: Lam
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
authors.forename: Kenneth Man Chee
authors.initials: KMC
authors.lastname: Cheung
mesh_terms: D044466:Asian People; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003469:Culture; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care / Q000379:methods; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000379:methods; D011788:Quality of Life; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012600:Scoliosis / Q000175:diagnosis*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014177:Translations