title: Use of Databases for Early Recognition of Risk of Diabetic Complication by Analysis of Liver Enzymes in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Because of increasing prevalence of T2MD worldwide, it's very important to recognize risk factors for diabetic complications, as soon as possible. Symptoms of complications appear a few or many years after tissue damage. So, it's imperative to establish surveillance of diabetics with laboratory and other diagnostic procedures for early recognition of diabetic complications. Follow up of clinical curs of diabetes, by using databases of patients, provide possibility for permanent analysis of important laboratory parameters and any changes could be registered. Although an emerging evidence suggests a strong association of ALT (alanine aminotransferase) and γGT (gamma glutamyl transferase) activity with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), only a limited number of studies have analyzed the association of AST (aspartate aminotransferase), ALT, γGT, and ALP (alkaline phosphatase) activities in controlled T2DM.
  
  
  METHODS
  Gender differences are of special interest in trying to follow diabetes progression and development of its complications. Here the activities of ALT, AST, γGT, ALP were analyzed as well as levels of glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and fasting plasma glucose (FPG) in 40 T2DM patients and 40 age-matched healthy subjects. Blood samples were collected from all participants in regular 3-months intervals up to 6 months period. Standard IFCC enzyme protocols were used to determine enzyme activities.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In first measured interval, significantly higher activities of ALT (p= 0,050) and glucose levels (p=0,045) were shown in male. A significant correlation was shown between ALT and AST activity with FPG and HbA1c levels in first and third measured interval. ALT activity was much higher in the group of patients with poor glycemia control. Average levels of activities of enzymes stay nearly in normal limits, but changes of enzymes activities should be recognized as soon as possible, earlier than tissue changes and diabetic complications become irreversible.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
authors.forename: Maja
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Malenica
authors.affiliation: General Hospital Tesanj, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
authors.forename: Besim
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Prnjavorac
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
authors.forename: Adlija
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Causevic
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
authors.forename: Tanja
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Dujic
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
authors.forename: Tamer
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Bego
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina; Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, International University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
authors.forename: Sabina
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Semiz
keywords: Type 2 diabetes; aminotransferases; complication; databases; gamma glutamyl transferase