title: Muscle fatigability in type 2 diabetes.
abstract: Patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) may be subject to premature muscle fatigue. However, the effect of diabetes on muscle fatigability has not yet been thoroughly examined. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of T2D on muscle fatigability at the upper and lower body.
  
  
  
  Thirty-three T2D patients (18 men and 15 women; mean age, 59.3 ± 5.3 years) and 34 matched healthy control participants (17 men and 17 women; mean age, 60.1 ± 6.1 years) were recruited. Clinical characteristics of diabetic patients were assessed by considering a wide range of vascular and neurological parameters in order to exclude the presence of micro- and macro-vascular complications. Gender-specific muscle function was evaluated measuring the maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC), and the endurance time at 50% of the MVIC at the shoulder and at the knee extensor muscles.
  
  
  
  Muscle strength in the upper body was similar among groups, whereas in the lower body, it was significantly reduced in T2D men (-16%) and women (-22%) compared with the controls. Additionally, the endurance time in both upper and lower body was significantly lower in T2D men (-18% and -29%) and women (-19% and -25%, respectively) than controls.
  
  
  
  Besides the reduction in strength, muscle dysfunction in T2D is characterized by a higher fatigability that affects both upper and lower body muscles. This effect is independent to the presence of diabetic complications and may represent a more sensitive marker of muscular dysfunction than muscle strength. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
authors.affiliation: Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome 'Foro Italico', Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Giorgio
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Orlando
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, 'La Sapienza' University, and Diabetes Unit, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy.|Metabolic Fitness Association, Monterotondo, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Balducci
authors.affiliation: Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome 'Foro Italico', Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Ilenia
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Bazzucchi
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, 'La Sapienza' University, and Diabetes Unit, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pugliese
authors.affiliation: Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome 'Foro Italico', Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Massimo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sacchetti
mesh_terms: D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018763:Muscle Fatigue; D053580:Muscle Strength; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000503:physiopathology*; D009468:Neuromuscular Diseases / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D010807:Physical Endurance; D011379:Prognosis
keywords: muscle fatigue; muscle strength; type 2 diabetes