title: Highly selective and efficient biotransformation of linarin to produce tilianin by naringinase.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To develop a practical method to prepare tilianin by highly selective and efficient hydrolysis of the C-7 rhamnosyl group from linarin.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Naringinase was utilized to selectively catalyze the formation of tilianin using linarin as the starting material. The reaction conditions, including temperature, pH, metal ions, substrate concentration and enzyme concentration, were optimized. At 60 °C, naringinase showed enhanced α-L-rhamnosidase activity while the β-D-glucosidase activity was abrogated. The addition of Mg(2+), Fe(2+) and Co(2+) was also beneficial for selective biotransformation of linarin to tilianin. Under the optimized conditions (pH 7.0 at 60 °C), linarin could be nearly completely transformed to tilianin with excellent selectivity (>98.9 %), while that of the by-product acacetin was less than 1.1 %. In addition, the structure of target product tilianin was fully characterized by HR-MS and (1)H-NMR.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A highly selective and efficient biotransformation of linarin to tilianin was developed by the proper control of incubation temperature, which enhanced the α-L-rhamnosidase activity of naringinase and blocked its β-D-glucosidase activity.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Resource Discovery, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China.|University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100043, China.
authors.forename: Pan
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Resource Discovery, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China.|University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100043, China.
authors.forename: Tong-Yi
authors.initials: TY
authors.lastname: Dou
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Resource Discovery, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China.
authors.forename: Shi-Yang
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Resource Discovery, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China.
authors.forename: Jun-Xia
authors.initials: JX
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Resource Discovery, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China.
authors.forename: Li-Wei
authors.initials: LW
authors.lastname: Zou
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Resource Discovery, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China.
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Resource Discovery, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China.
authors.forename: Yan-Ping
authors.initials: YP
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: School of Environment and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Jiaotong University, Dalian, 116028, China.
authors.forename: Da-Cheng
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Hao
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Resource Discovery, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China. geguangbo@dicp.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Guang-Bo
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Ge
mesh_terms: D005419:Flavonoids / Q000378:metabolism*; D006027:Glycosides / Q000378:metabolism*; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D009097:Multienzyme Complexes / Q000378:metabolism*; D013696:Temperature; D001617:beta-Glucosidase / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D005419:Flavonoids; D006027:Glycosides; D009097:Multienzyme Complexes; C426884:tilianin; C039827:naringinase; D001617:beta-Glucosidase; C008282:linarin
keywords: Linarin; Naringinase; Selective biotransformation; Tilianin; α-L-Rhamnosidase