title: Effects of interleukin 6 and tumor necrosis factor-α on the proliferation of porcine theca interna cells: Possible role of these cytokines in the pathogenesis of polycystic ovary syndrome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We studied the effects of interleukin 6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) on the proliferation of porcine theca interna (TI) cells and further elucidated the roles of IL-6 and TNF-α in the pathogenesis of polycystic ovary syndrome.
  
  
  METHODS
  TI cells were treated with 10 pg/mL, 100 pg/mL, and 1000 pg/mL IL-6 or TNF-α. TI cell proliferation was then examined by carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester labeling and flow cytometry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cell proliferation was not significantly different in TI cells cultured in medium alone (control) or in the presence of IL-6. At 72 hours of treatment, the mean fluorescence intensity was significantly lower in TI cells treated with 100 pg/mL and 1000 pg/mL TNF-α than in the control (p < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  TNF-α, but not IL-6, was able to promote TI cell proliferation. Our results suggest that TNF-α might play a role in hyperandrogenism, cortex thickness, and the increased ovary volume observed in polycystic ovaries.
authors.affiliation: Reproductive Medicine Center, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Ling
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.affiliation: Pathology Department, Weifang People's Hospital of Shandong Province, Weifang, Shandong, China.
authors.forename: Yunxiang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing of Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China.
authors.forename: Qinghua
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Reproductive Medicine Center, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Yibing
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: Reproductive Medicine Center, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China. Electronic address: hongling789@163.com.
authors.forename: Xiaoming
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Teng
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects*; D005260:Female; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011085:Polycystic Ovary Syndrome / Q000378:metabolism; D061251:Primary Cell Culture; D013552:Swine; D013799:Theca Cells / Q000187:drug effects*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D015850:Interleukin-6; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
keywords: cell proliferation; interleukin-6; polycystic ovary syndrome; theca interna cells; tumor necrosis factor-α