title: The Associations Between Helicobacter pylori Infection, Serum Vitamin D, and Metabolic Syndrome: A Community-Based Study.
abstract: The associations between Helicobacter pylori infection, serum vitamin D level, and metabolic syndrome (MS) are controversial. The present community-based study aimed to investigate the effect of H pylori infection and serum vitamin D deficiency on MS development.Individuals from the northeastern region of Taiwan were enrolled in a community-based study from March, 2014 to August, 2015. All participants completed a demographic survey and underwent the urea breath test (UBT) to detect H pylori infection as well as blood tests to determine levels of vitamin D, adiponectin, leptin, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein. The ATP III criteria for MS were used in this study.A total of 792 men and 1321 women were enrolled. The mean age was 56.4 ± 13.0 years. After adjusting for age and sex, the estimated odds of MS development for a UBT-positive subject were 1.503 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.206-1.872, P < 0.001) when compared to a UBT-negative subject. For participants with vitamin D deficiency (<20 ng/mL), the odds of MS development were 1.423 (95% CI: 1.029-1.967, P = 0.033) when compared to those with sufficient vitamin D level (>30 ng/mL). For participants with both H pylori infection and vitamin D deficiency, the odds of MS development were 2.140 (95% CI: 1.348-3.398, P = 0.001) when compared to subjects without H pylori infection and with sufficient vitamin D levels.H pylori infection and vitamin D deficiency could be predictors of MS. For individuals with both H pylori infection and vitamin D deficiency, the odds of MS development were 2.140 when compared to individuals without H pylori infection and with sufficient vitamin D levels.
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (L-WC, C-HC, C-LL, R-NC), Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital and University, Keelung, Taiwan; Community Medicine Research Center (L-WC, C-YC, CWH, S-FK, C-HC, C-LL, R-NC), Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital and University, Keelung, Taiwan; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Anatomic Pathology (L-CC, M-HH, W-YH), Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital and University, Keelung, Taiwan; and Metabolism and Endocrinology (S-FK), Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital and University, Keelung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Li-Wei
authors.initials: LW
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Chih-Yi
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Chien
authors.forename: Chia-Wen
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Hsieh
authors.forename: Liang-Che
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Mei-Huei
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Wen-Yuan
authors.initials: WY
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Sheng-Fong
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Kuo
authors.forename: Cheng-Hung
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Chien
authors.forename: Chih-Lang
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Rong-Nan
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Chien
mesh_terms: D052242:Adiponectin / Q000097:blood; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001944:Breath Tests; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D016481:Helicobacter Infections / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis; D016480:Helicobacter pylori; D006801:Humans; D020738:Leptin / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000097:blood* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D013624:Taiwan / Q000453:epidemiology; D014508:Urea / Q000032:analysis; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000097:blood; D014808:Vitamin D Deficiency / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications
chemical_list: D052242:Adiponectin; D020738:Leptin; D014807:Vitamin D; D014508:Urea; D002097:C-Reactive Protein