title: Deeper than skin deep - The effect of botulinum toxin-A on emotion processing.
abstract: The effect of facial botulinum Toxin-A (BTX) injections on the processing of emotional stimuli was investigated. The hypothesis, that BTX would interfere with processing of slightly emotional stimuli and less with very emotional or neutral stimuli, was largely confirmed. BTX-users rated slightly emotional sentences and facial expressions, but not very emotional or neutral ones, as less emotional after the treatment. Furthermore, they became slower at categorizing slightly emotional facial expressions under time pressure.
authors.affiliation: SISSA, Cognitive Neuroscience Department, Via Bonomea 265, Trieste, Italy. Electronic address: J.C.Baumeist@gmail.com.
authors.forename: J-C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Baumeister
authors.affiliation: Ospedale di Cattinara, Plastic Surgery Department, Strada di Fiume 447, Trieste, Italy.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Papa
authors.affiliation: SISSA, Cognitive Neuroscience Department, Via Bonomea 265, Trieste, Italy.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Foroni
mesh_terms: D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003357:Cosmetic Techniques / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000523:psychology; D000066498:Emotional Adjustment / Q000187:drug effects*; D004644:Emotions; D005145:Face; D005149:Facial Expression; D030141:Feedback, Psychological / Q000187:drug effects*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007279:Injections, Subcutaneous; D007558:Italy; D007802:Language; D008606:Mental Processes / Q000187:drug effects; D008875:Middle Aged; D009465:Neuromuscular Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D009465:Neuromuscular Agents; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A
keywords: Botox-treatment; Botulinum toxin-A; Embodiment; Emotion processing; Facial feedback