title: An economically viable synthesis of biodiesel from a crude Millettia pinnata oil of Jharkhand, India as feedstock and crab shell derived catalyst.
abstract: Biodiesel has emerged as a prominent source to replace petroleum diesel. The cost incurred in the production of biodiesel is higher than that for refining of crude oil to obtain mineral diesel. The heterogeneous catalyst was prepared from crab shells by calcining the crushed mass at 800°C. The solid waste catalyst was characterized with XRD, XPS, BET, SEM-EDS, and FT-IR. Millettia pinnata (karanja) oil extracted from its seeds was used as a feedstock for the synthesis of biodiesel. Biodiesel was synthesized through esterification followed by transesterification in a two-step process. Characterization of biodiesel was done using proton NMR spectroscopy. Reaction parameters such as reaction time, reaction temperature, concentration of catalyst and stirrer speed were optimized. Reusability of catalyst was checked and found that there was no loss of catalytic activity up to five times.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU) Varanasi, Varanasi 221005, India.
authors.forename: Devarapaga
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Madhu
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Bhagwant University, Ajmer 305 004, Rajasthan, India.
authors.forename: Supriya B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Chavan
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU) Varanasi, Varanasi 221005, India.
authors.forename: Veena
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Sciences, Central University of Jharkhand, Ranchi 83400, India.
authors.forename: Bhaskar
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU) Varanasi, Varanasi 221005, India. Electronic address: ysharma.apc@itbhu.ac.in.
authors.forename: Yogesh C
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Sharma
mesh_terms: D060105:Animal Shells / Q000737:chemistry*; D000818:Animals; D055162:Biocatalysis; D056804:Biofuels / Q000191:economics; D003386:Brachyura / Q000737:chemistry*; D004951:Esterification; D007194:India; D033641:Millettia / Q000737:chemistry*; D010578:Petroleum; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared
chemical_list: D056804:Biofuels; D010578:Petroleum
keywords: Biodiesel; FTIR; Karanja oil; Reusability; Solid waste catalyst (SOD)