title: Origin, fate and dynamics of macrophages at central nervous system interfaces.
abstract: Perivascular, subdural meningeal and choroid plexus macrophages are non-parenchymal macrophages that mediate immune responses at brain boundaries. Although the origin of parenchymal microglia has recently been elucidated, much less is known about the precursors, the underlying transcriptional program and the dynamics of the other macrophages in the central nervous system (CNS). It was assumed that they have a high turnover from blood-borne monocytes. However, using parabiosis and fate-mapping approaches in mice, we found that CNS macrophages arose from hematopoietic precursors during embryonic development and established stable populations, with the notable exception of choroid plexus macrophages, which had dual origins and a shorter life span. The generation of CNS macrophages relied on the transcription factor PU.1, whereas the MYB, BATF3 and NR4A1 transcription factors were not required.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Neuropathology, Freiburg University Medical Centre, Freiburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Tobias
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-9754-9144
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Goldmann
authors.affiliation: Institute of Neuropathology, Freiburg University Medical Centre, Freiburg, Germany.|Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wieghofer
authors.affiliation: Institute of Neuropathology, Freiburg University Medical Centre, Freiburg, Germany.|Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Marta Joana Costa
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Jordão
authors.affiliation: Institute of Neuropathology, Freiburg University Medical Centre, Freiburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Fabiola
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Prutek
authors.affiliation: Institute of Neuropathology, Freiburg University Medical Centre, Freiburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Nora
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hagemeyer
authors.affiliation: Institute of Neuropathology, Freiburg University Medical Centre, Freiburg, Germany.|Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Kathrin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Frenzel
authors.affiliation: Institute of Neuropathology, Freiburg University Medical Centre, Freiburg, Germany.|Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Lukas
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Amann
authors.affiliation: Institute of Neuropathology, Freiburg University Medical Centre, Freiburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Ori
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Staszewski
authors.affiliation: Institute of Neuropathology, Freiburg University Medical Centre, Freiburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Katrin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kierdorf
authors.affiliation: Institute of Anatomy, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Krueger
authors.affiliation: Institut für Klinische Neuroimmunologie, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Locatelli
authors.affiliation: Division of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Hannah
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hochgerner
authors.affiliation: Department of Hematology and Oncology, Freiburg University Medical Centre, Freiburg, Germany.|BIOSS Centre for Biological Signaling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zeiser
authors.affiliation: Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Slava
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Epelman
authors.affiliation: Centre for Molecular and Cellular Biology of Inflammation, King's College London, London, UK.
authors.forename: Frederic
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Geissmann
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuropsychiatry and Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Cluster of Excellence NeuroCure, DZNE &BIH, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Josef
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Priller
authors.affiliation: The Biomedical Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
authors.forename: Fabio M V
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-0368-2620
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Rossi
authors.affiliation: Institute of Anatomy, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
authors.forename: Ingo
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Bechmann
authors.affiliation: Institut für Klinische Neuroimmunologie, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Munich, Germany.|Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kerschensteiner
authors.affiliation: Division of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Sten
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Linnarsson
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
authors.forename: Steffen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.affiliation: Institute of Neuropathology, Freiburg University Medical Centre, Freiburg, Germany.|BIOSS Centre for Biological Signaling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Prinz
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002490:Central Nervous System / Q000276:immunology*; D006412:Hematopoietic Stem Cells / Q000502:physiology*; D008264:Macrophages / Q000502:physiology*; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D017628:Microglia / Q000502:physiology*; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D009000:Monocytes / Q000276:immunology; D010227:Parabiosis; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D000099232:Proto-Oncogene Protein Spi-1
chemical_list: D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D015534:Trans-Activators; D000099232:Proto-Oncogene Protein Spi-1