title: HIV testing among social media-using Peruvian men who have sex with men: correlates and social context.
abstract: HIV remains concentrated among men who have sex with men (MSM) in Peru, and homophobia and AIDS-related stigmas have kept the epidemic difficult to address. Gay self-identity has been associated with increased HIV testing, though this relationship has not been examined extensively. Social media use has been rapidly increasing in Peru, yet little is known about MSM social media users in Peru. This study sought to investigate the demographic, behavioral, and stigma-related factors associated with HIV testing among social media-using Peruvian MSM. Five hundred and fifty-six MSM from Lima and surrounding areas were recruited from social networking websites to complete a survey on their sexual risk behaviors. We examined the demographic and social correlates of HIV testing behavior among this sample. Younger age and non-gay identity were significantly associated with lower likelihood of getting tested in univariate analysis. After controlling for key behaviors and AIDS-related stigma, younger age remained significantly associated with decreased testing. Participants who engaged in discussions online about HIV testing were more likely to get tested, while AIDS-related stigma presented a significant barrier to testing. Stigma severity also varied significantly by sexual identity. Youth appear to be significantly less likely than older individuals to test for HIV. Among Peruvian MSM, AIDS-related stigma remains a strong predictor of willingness to get tested. Social media-based intervention work targeting Peruvian youth should encourage discussion around HIV testing, and must also address AIDS-related stigma.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Community Health Sciences , University of California, Los Angeles , Los Angeles , CA , USA.
authors.forename: Evan A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Krueger
authors.affiliation: b Department of Family Medicine, Center for Behavioral and Addiction Medicine , University of California, Los Angeles , Los Angeles , CA , USA.
authors.forename: ChingChe J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Chiu
authors.affiliation: c Unit of Epidemiology, HIV and STD , Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia , Lima , Peru.
authors.forename: Luis A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Menacho
authors.affiliation: d Department of Family Medicine , Institute for Prediction Technology, University of California, Los Angeles , Los Angeles , CA , USA.
authors.forename: Sean D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Young
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000175:diagnosis*; D018451:Homosexuality, Male; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010342:Patient Acceptance of Health Care; D010568:Peru; D012309:Risk-Taking; D061108:Social Media; D060756:Social Networking; D057545:Social Stigma; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D047568:Unsafe Sex; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: HIV prevention; HIV/AIDS; Peru; behavior intervention; online social networks; stigma reduction