title: Lysosomal ATP imaging in living cells by a water-soluble cationic polythiophene derivative.
abstract: Lysosomes in astrocytes and microglia can release ATP as the signaling molecule for the cells through ca(2+)-dependent exocytosis in response to various stimuli. At present, fluorescent probes that can detect ATP in lysosomes have not been reported. In this work, we have developed a new water-soluble cationic polythiophene derivative that can be specifically localized in lysosomes and can be utilized as a fluorescent probe to sense ATP in cells. PEMTEI exhibits high selectivity and sensitivity to ATP at physiological pH values and the detection limit of ATP is as low as 10(-11)M. The probe has low cytotoxicity, good permeability and high photostability in living cells and has been applied successfully to real-time monitoring of the change in concentrations of ATP in lysosomes though fluorescence microscopy. We also demonstrated that lysosomes in Hela cells can release ATP through Ca(2+)-dependent exocytosis in response to drug stimuli.
authors.affiliation: State key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, PR China.
authors.forename: Bing-Huan
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: State key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, PR China. Electronic address: gengzr@nju.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Zhi-Rong
authors.initials: ZR
authors.lastname: Geng
authors.affiliation: State key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, PR China.
authors.forename: Xiao-Yan
authors.initials: XY
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: State key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, PR China.
authors.forename: Cui
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: State key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, PR China.
authors.forename: Zhi-Yang
authors.initials: ZY
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: State key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, PR China. Electronic address: wangzl@nju.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Zhi-Lin
authors.initials: ZL
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000032:analysis*; D015374:Biosensing Techniques; D002470:Cell Survival; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes / Q000737:chemistry*; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D008247:Lysosomes / Q000737:chemistry; D061848:Optical Imaging; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry*; D012995:Solubility; D013876:Thiophenes / Q000737:chemistry*; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D011108:Polymers; D013876:Thiophenes; D014867:Water; C066730:polythiophene; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate
keywords: ATP; Detection; Fluorescence imaging; Lysosome; Water-soluble cationic polythiophene derivative