title: Pharmacokinetics of Compound D, the Major Bioactive Component of Zingiber cassumunar, in Rats.
abstract: Rhizomes of Zingiber cassumunar have been used for many years in traditional Thai medicine as an anti-inflammatory agent. The major bioactive component of this plant is Compound D [E-4-(3', 4'-dimethoxyphenyl)but-3-en-1-ol], which is a strong smooth muscle relaxant, and has antihistamine and anti-inflammatory actions. There is, however, incomplete information available for the pharmacokinetics of Compound D in mammals. In this study, we examined the pharmacokinetic profiles of Compound D in male Wistar rats. A standardized extract of Z. cassumunar containing 4 % w/w Compound D was administered intravenously at 25 mg/kg or by oral gavage at 25, 75, or 250 mg/kg to Wistar rats. Blood, tissues, urine, and feces were collected from 0 to 48 h after dosing and the level of Compound D was determined by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The concentration of Compound D ranged from 10-100 µg/L, reached a maximum approximately 0.15 h after oral dosing. Compound D exhibited an excellent tissue to plasma ratio, ranging from 1- to 1000 in several organs at 1-4 h after oral dosing. Less than 1 % of unchanged Compound D was excreted in the urine and feces. Further studies on tissue uptake and metabolite identification are required to obtain complete pharmacokinetic information and to develop appropriate dosing strategies of Compound D and the standardized extract of Z. cassumunar.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
authors.forename: Phisit
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Khemawoot
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
authors.forename: Natthaphon
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hunsakunachai
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
authors.forename: Tosapol
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Anukunwithaya
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
authors.forename: Kunan
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bangphumi
authors.affiliation: Chulalongkorn University Drug and Health Products Innovation Promotion Center, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
authors.forename: Boonsri
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ongpipattanakul
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
authors.forename: Weena
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Jiratchariyakul
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Huachiew Chalermprakiet University, Samut Prakan, Thailand.
authors.forename: Ruedee
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Soawakontha
authors.affiliation: Oral Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, Thailand.
authors.forename: Thanakorn
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Inthachart
authors.affiliation: Medicinal Herb Research Unit for Asthma, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, Thailand.
authors.forename: Thaweephol
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Dechatiwongse Na Ayudhya
authors.affiliation: Oral Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, Thailand.
authors.forename: Sittichai
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Koontongkaew
authors.affiliation: Medicinal Herb Research Unit for Asthma, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, Thailand.
authors.forename: Orapan
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Poachanukoon
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000440:Butanols / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D008297:Male; D015394:Molecular Structure; D010276:Parasympatholytics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000652:urine; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013785:Thailand; D030521:Zingiberaceae / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000440:Butanols; D010276:Parasympatholytics; D010936:Plant Extracts; C053776:4-(3',4'-dimethoxyphenyl)but-3-en-1-ol