title: Polysaccharide-capped silver Nanoparticles inhibit biofilm formation and eliminate multi-drug-resistant bacteria by disrupting bacterial cytoskeleton with reduced cytotoxicity towards mammalian cells.
abstract: Development of effective anti-microbial therapeutics has been hindered by the emergence of bacterial strains with multi-drug resistance and biofilm formation capabilities. In this article, we report an efficient green synthesis of silver nanoparticle (AgNP) by in situ reduction and capping with a semi-synthetic polysaccharide-based biopolymer (carboxymethyl tamarind polysaccharide). The CMT-capped AgNPs were characterized by UV, DLS, FE-SEM, EDX and HR-TEM. These AgNPs have average particle size of ~20-40 nm, and show long time stability, indicated by their unchanged SPR and Zeta-potential values. These AgNPs inhibit growth and biofilm formation of both Gram positive (B. subtilis) and Gram negative (E. coli and Salmonella typhimurium) bacterial strains even at concentrations much lower than the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) breakpoints of antibiotics, but show reduced or no cytotoxicity against mammalian cells. These AgNPs alter expression and positioning of bacterial cytoskeletal proteins FtsZ and FtsA. CMT-capped AgNPs can effectively block growth of several clinical isolates and MDR strains representing different genera and resistant towards multiple antibiotics belonging to different classes. We propose that the CMT-capped AgNPs can have potential bio-medical application against multi-drug-resistant microbes with minimal cytotoxicity towards mammalian cells.
authors.affiliation: School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Patia, Bhubaneswar 751024, India.
authors.forename: Sridhar
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sanyasi
authors.affiliation: School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research, Institute of Physics Campus, Sachivalaya Marg, Bhubaneswar 751005, India.
authors.forename: Rakesh Kumar
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Majhi
authors.affiliation: School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Patia, Bhubaneswar 751024, India.
authors.forename: Satish
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.affiliation: School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research, Institute of Physics Campus, Sachivalaya Marg, Bhubaneswar 751005, India.
authors.forename: Mitali
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mishra
authors.affiliation: Institute of Physics, Sachivalaya Marg, Bhubaneswar 751005, India.
authors.forename: Arnab
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ghosh
authors.affiliation: School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Patia, Bhubaneswar 751024, India.
authors.forename: Mrutyunjay
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Suar
authors.affiliation: Institute of Physics, Sachivalaya Marg, Bhubaneswar 751005, India.
authors.forename: Parlapalli Venkata
authors.initials: PV
authors.lastname: Satyam
authors.affiliation: School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research, Institute of Physics Campus, Sachivalaya Marg, Bhubaneswar 751005, India.
authors.forename: Harapriya
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mohapatra
authors.affiliation: School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research, Institute of Physics Campus, Sachivalaya Marg, Bhubaneswar 751005, India.
authors.forename: Chandan
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Goswami
authors.affiliation: School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Patia, Bhubaneswar 751024, India.
authors.forename: Luna
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Goswami
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000633:toxicity; D001412:Bacillus subtilis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D018441:Biofilms / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development*; D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D003599:Cytoskeleton / Q000187:drug effects*; D008322:Mammals; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D012486:Salmonella typhimurium / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D012834:Silver / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D012834:Silver