title: Serologic and molecular characteristics of hepatitis B virus infection in vaccinated schizophrenia patients in China.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Previous studies have indicated that the patients with psychiatric illness were at higher risk of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. However, the efficacy of hepatitis B vaccine in schizophrenia patients remains unclear.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between June 2014 and January 2015, 415 schizophrenia patients and 3,038 controls who had been routinely immunized as infants were recruited in the present study. Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), HBsAb, and HBV DNA were detected with commercial methods according to the manufacturer's protocol. A 600-bp region of the S gene (region nt236-nt835) was amplified by nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The genotypes of isolated HBV were identified using phylogenetic analysis by the neighbor-joining algorithm in the software MEGA version 4.1.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The seroprevalence of HBsAg in schizophrenia patients was 6.75%, which was significantly higher than 3.32% measured in controls. HBsAg prevalence was 7.94% in male schizophrenia patients and 5.47% in female schizophrenia patients, while it was only 4.04% in males and 2.08% in females in the control group. The HBsAb seroprevalence rate was 58.31% in schizophrenia patients and 59.94% in non-schizophrenia controls. Moreover, one HBV strain in the schizophrenia group presented I126S vaccine escape mutation (5.88%), while three HBV isolates showed Q129H, M133L, and G145R vaccine escape mutations in the control group (6.81%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Schizophrenia patients are at higher risk for HBV infection, even those who had received routine immunization. Therefore, a booster HB vaccination targeted at schizophrenia patients should be considered in the future.
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China. 1185203644@qq.com.
authors.forename: Yiying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Lugang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Zhiwei
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Huijuan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Yinghui
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Zhi
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.forename: Xinxin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Chen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dong
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D006509:Hepatitis B / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000821:virology*; D006510:Hepatitis B Antibodies / Q000097:blood; D006514:Hepatitis B Surface Antigens / Q000097:blood; D017325:Hepatitis B Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006515:Hepatitis B virus / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D010802:Phylogeny; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000150:complications*; D017385:Sequence Homology; D016036:Seroepidemiologic Studies; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D004279:DNA, Viral; D006510:Hepatitis B Antibodies; D006514:Hepatitis B Surface Antigens; D017325:Hepatitis B Vaccines