title: Quantification and Correlation of Angiogenesis with Macrophages by Histomorphometric Method in Central and Peripheral Giant Cell Granuloma: An Immunohistochemical Analysis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Angiogenesis is a fundamental process that affects physiologic reactions and pathological processes such as tumour development and metastasis. It is the process of formation of new microvessel from the preexisting vessels.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to evaluate angiogenesis, macrophage index and correlate the impact of macrophages on angiogenesis in the central and peripheral giant cell granulomas by evaluating immunohistochemically microvessel density, microvessel perimeter and macrophage index.
  
  
  METHODS
  Immunohistochemical analysis was carried on 20 cases of central and peripheral giant cell granulomas each for CD34 and CD68 proteins expression. Inferential statistical analysis was performed using Independent student t-test to assess the microvessel density, microvessel perimeter and macrophage index on continuous scale between Group I and Group II. Level of significance was determined at 5%. Further bivariate analysis using Pearson correlation test was carried out to see the relationship between microvessel density and macrophage index in each group.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Microvessel density, micro vessel perimeter and macrophage index was higher in central giant cell granuloma compared to that of peripheral giant cell granuloma. Correlation between microvessel density and macrophage index among these two lesions was statistically insignificant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Angiogenesis as well as the number of macrophages appeared to increase in Central Giant Cell Granuloma in present study. These findings suggest that macrophages may up regulate the angiogenesis in these giant cell granulomas and angiogenesis do have a role in clinical behaviour. However, we could not establish a positive correlation between microvessel density and macrophage index as the values were statistically insignificant. This insignificance may be presumed due to fewer samples taken for study.
authors.affiliation: Senior Lecturer, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, RRDCH , Bangalore, India .
authors.forename: Varsha Vimal
authors.initials: VV
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.affiliation: Reader, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, RRDCH , Bangalore, India .
authors.forename: Savita Jangal
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Krishanappa
authors.affiliation: Senior Lecturer, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, RRDCH , Bangalore, India .
authors.forename: Smitha Gowdra
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Prakash
authors.affiliation: Professor and Head, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, RRDCH , Bangalore, India .
authors.forename: Girish Hemdal
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Channabasaviah
authors.affiliation: Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, RRDCH , Bangalore, India .
authors.forename: Sanjay
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Murgod
authors.affiliation: Reader, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, RRDCH , Bangalore, India .
authors.forename: Ravikumar
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pujari
authors.affiliation: Reader, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Bharathiya Vidyapeet Dental College and Hospital , Sangali, India .
authors.forename: Mamata Sharad
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Kamat
keywords: CD34; CD68; Macrophage index; Microvessel density; Microvessel perimeter