title: Short- and Long-Term Effects of Weight Loss on the Complement Component C3 After Laparoscopic Gastric Bypass in Obese Patients.
abstract: The C3 complement component (C3c) is increasingly recognized as a cardiometabolic risk factor, but how it is affected after weight loss through gastric bypass is a question yet to be answered.
  
  
  
  A total of 66 obese patients underwent laparoscopic gastric bypass. Anthropometric parameters, total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLc), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLc), glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR, liver enzymes, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), and C3c levels were evaluated at baseline and at 1 and 5 years post-surgery.
  
  
  
  All anthropometric and biochemical parameters improved significantly after surgery, although a deterioration was detected with respect to the percentage of excess of weight loss, insulin, TC, LDLc, and lactate dehydrogenase 5 years post-surgery. Despite this, a remission rate of 84 % was observed in the presence of metabolic syndrome after 5 years follow-up. hsCRP and C3c were reduced significantly after surgery and maintained throughout the experimental period. In addition, C3c was correlated with BMI and insulin at all time points. The multivariate regression model, in which C3c was a dependent variable, revealed that aspartate aminotransferase and BMI were independent variables at baseline, alkaline phosphatase and insulin were independent at 1 year post-surgery, and insulin, BMI, and TC were independent at 5 years post-surgery.
  
  
  
  C3c may be a marker of the chronic inflammatory process underlying insulin resistance. Its association with BMI and liver enzymes supports a major role in metabolic activity, although future research is needed to clarify the nature of the molecular mechanisms involved and the physiological significance of these findings.
authors.affiliation: Department of General and Digestive Surgery, University Hospital Doctor Peset-FISABIO, Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: Segundo Á
authors.initials: SÁ
authors.lastname: Gómez-Abril
authors.affiliation: Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Doctor Peset-FISABIO, Av. Gaspar, Aguilar 90, 46017, Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Morillas-Ariño
authors.affiliation: Department of General and Digestive Surgery, University Hospital La Fe, Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: Jose L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Ponce-Marco
authors.affiliation: Department of General and Digestive Surgery, University Hospital Doctor Peset-FISABIO, Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: Teresa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Torres-Sánchez
authors.affiliation: Department of General and Digestive Surgery, University Hospital Doctor Peset-FISABIO, Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Delgado-Gomis
authors.affiliation: Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Doctor Peset-FISABIO, Av. Gaspar, Aguilar 90, 46017, Valencia, Spain. hernandez_antmij@gva.es.|Institute of Health Research INCLIVA, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain. hernandez_antmij@gva.es.|Department of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain. hernandez_antmij@gva.es.
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hernández-Mijares
authors.affiliation: Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Doctor Peset-FISABIO, Av. Gaspar, Aguilar 90, 46017, Valencia, Spain. milagros.rocha@uv.es.|Institute of Health Research INCLIVA, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain. milagros.rocha@uv.es.|CIBER CB06/04/0071 Research Group, CIBER Hepatic and Digestive Diseases, University of Valencia, Av Blasco Ibáñez 15, 46010, Valencia, Spain. milagros.rocha@uv.es.
authors.forename: Milagros
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rocha
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D003176:Complement C3 / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D015390:Gastric Bypass / Q000379:methods / Q000534:rehabilitation; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009767:Obesity, Morbid / Q000097:blood / Q000601:surgery*; D013997:Time Factors; D015431:Weight Loss / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; C038245:C3 protein, human; D003176:Complement C3
keywords: C3c; Gastric bypass; Humans; Insulin resistance; Long term