title: Ultrastructural aspects of foreign body giant cells generated on different substrates.
abstract: Implantation of biomaterials into the body, e.g. for tissue engineering purposes, induces a material-dependent inflammatory response called the foreign body reaction (FBR). A hallmark feature of this response is the formation of large multinucleated cells: foreign body giant cells (FBGCs). Biomaterials like cross-linked and non-cross-linked collagen often induce the formation of FBGCs. It is unknown whether different biomaterials result in the formation of different FBGCs. To investigate this, we implanted cross-linked and non-cross-linked dermal sheep collagen subcutaneously in mice. After 21 days the implanted material was collected and prepared for ultrastructural analysis. More FBGCs formed on and between implants of cross-linked collagen compared to non-cross-linked material. The ultrastructural aspects of the FBGCs present on the two types of implants proved to be similar. On both materials, they formed long slender protrusions on the basolateral membrane, they were very rich in mitochondria, contained numerous nuclei, and showed signs of the presence of a clear zone facing the implanted material. Similar clear zones, that resemble osteoclastic features, were also seen in FBGCs generated in vitro on bone slices, but these cells did not form a ruffled border. However, similarities in ultrastructure such as the occurrence of slender protrusions and high mitochondrion content were also found in the FBGCs generated in vitro. These data indicate that FBGCs formed on different substrates share many morphological characteristics. The formation of long finger-like protrusions seemed typical for the FBGCs, in vivo as well as in vitro, however the function of these structures needs further analysis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Cell Biology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, Gustav Mahlerlaan 3004, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Electronic address: b.t.harkel@acta.nl.
authors.forename: Bas
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ten Harkel
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Cell Biology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, Gustav Mahlerlaan 3004, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Amsterdam University College (AUC), Science Park 113, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Jelle
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Koopsen
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Sander M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: van Putten
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Core Facility Cellular Imaging, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Henk
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: van Veen
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Core Facility Cellular Imaging, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Daisy I
authors.initials: DI
authors.lastname: Picavet
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, Gustav Mahlerlaan 3004, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Teun J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: de Vries
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Ruud A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Bank
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Cell Biology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, Gustav Mahlerlaan 3004, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Vincent
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Everts
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002448:Cell Adhesion; D048430:Cell Shape; D005549:Foreign-Body Reaction; D015743:Giant Cells, Foreign-Body / Q000166:cytology / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D020007:Implants, Experimental; D051379:Mice; D008928:Mitochondria; D010010:Osteoclasts; D012756:Sheep
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials
keywords: Biomaterial; Collagen; Cross-linking; FBGC; Foreign body giant cell; Sealing zone