title: Elevated AQP1 Expression Is Associated With Unfavorable Oncologic Outcome in Patients With Hilar Cholangiocarcinoma.
abstract: Hilar cholangiocarcinomas are malignant tumors with a poor prognosis. An early prediction of prognosis for patients may help us determine treatment strategies. Aquaporin 1 is a cell membrane channel involved in water transport, cell motility, and proliferation. Increasing evidences showed that aquaporin 1 played a role in tumor prognosis and diagnosis. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the role of aquaporin 1 in hilar cholangiocarcinoma.
  
  
  
  Here, we analyzed messenger RNA expression data of genes function as bile secretion in a data set of 169 samples using the R2 bioinformatic platform ( http://r2.amc.nl ). Quantitative polymerase chain reaction was performed to verify the gene expression in 17 hilar cholangiocarcinoma samples. Immunohistochemistry was also performed in a series of specimens from 62 hilar cholangiocarcinoma tissues, and its clinical significance was assessed by clinical correlation and Kaplan-Meier analyses.
  
  
  
  All data were analyzed using the R2 web application, aquaporin 1 was selected for further analysis. The significant expression variation of aquaporin 1 among 17 cases with cholangiocarcinoma was also found using quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The expression level of aquaporin 1 protein significantly correlated with tumor-node-metastasis stage ( P = .002) and overall survival time ( P = .010). Higher aquaporin 1 expression indicated poor prognostic outcomes ( P <.05, log-rank test). Multivariate analysis also showed strong aquaporin 1 protein expression was an independent adverse prognosticator in hilar cholangiocarcinoma ( P = .002).
  
  
  
  This study highlighted the prognostic value of aquaporin 1 in hilar cholangiocarcinoma. Strong aquaporin 1 expression predicts poor survival, regardless of pathological features. Immunohistochemical detection of aquaporin 1, as a prognostic marker, may contribute to predicting clinical outcome for patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma.
authors.affiliation: 1 Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
authors.forename: Chunxiang
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: 2 Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.
authors.forename: Xiaofu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: 3 Department of Liver, Gall, Pancreas Surgery, The 1st Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
authors.forename: Linfeng
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: 4 Department of Colorectal Cancer Surgery, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.|5 Department of Colorectal Surgery, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Zheng
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Jiang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D051398:Aquaporin 1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D001650:Bile Duct Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D018285:Klatskin Tumor / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000401:mortality / Q000556:secondary; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D059467:Transcriptome
chemical_list: C496020:AQP1 protein, human; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D051398:Aquaporin 1
keywords: AQP1; hilar cholangiocarcinoma; prognosis