title: Effects of rutin on the redox reactions of hemoglobin.
abstract: Flavonoids are widely used to attenuate oxidative damage in vitro and in vivo. In this study, we investigated the influence of rutin (quercetin-3-rhamnosylglucoside) on hemoglobin (Hb)- dependent redox reactions, i.e. oxidative stability of Hb and its cytotoxic ferryl intermediate. It was found that rutin induced generation of H2O2, which in turn oxidized Hb rapidly. Meanwhile, rutin exhibited anti-oxidant effect by effectively reducing ferryl intermediate back to ferric Hb at physiological pH. In comparison with quercetin, rutin had stronger capability on reducing ferryl species while lesser pro-oxidant effect on H2O2 generation, thus it exhibited more protective effect on H2O2-induced Hb oxidation. Circular dichroism spectrum showed no significant change in the secondary structure of Hb after flavonoid addition, while molecular docking revealed different binding modes of quercetin and rutin with Hb. These results might provide new insights into the potential nutritional and physiological implications of rutin and quercetin with redox active heme proteins regarding their ani- and pro-oxidant effects.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Functional Small Organic Molecule, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry, Jiangxi Province and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China. Electronic address: naihaolu@jxnu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Naihao
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Functional Small Organic Molecule, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry, Jiangxi Province and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China.
authors.forename: Yun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Department of Physics and Texas Center of Superconductivity, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, United States.
authors.forename: Zhen
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: College of Chemistry and Life Science, Quanzhou Normal University, Quanzhou, China. Electronic address: gaopingzhang@126.com.
authors.forename: Pingzhang
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gao
mesh_terms: D002942:Circular Dichroism; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism*; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000633:toxicity; D008968:Molecular Conformation; D062105:Molecular Docking Simulation; D016877:Oxidants / Q000494:pharmacology; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction / Q000187:drug effects; D011794:Quercetin / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D012431:Rutin / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D006454:Hemoglobins; D016877:Oxidants; D012431:Rutin; D011794:Quercetin; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide
keywords: Hemoglobin; Redox reactions; Rutin