title: Systematic review and meta-analysis for the association of bone mineral density and osteoporosis/osteopenia with vascular calcification in women.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The relationships of osteoporosis/osteopenia and bone mineral density (BMD) with vascular calcification (VC) remain controversial. Thus, we performed this systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the association between BMD, osteoporosis/osteopenia risk and VC.
  
  
  METHODS
  PubMed, Embase and Springer databases were searched from inception to March, 2015 for studies involving the association of vascular calcification with BMD and osteopenia/osteoporosis in women. A manual search of the references cited in the publications was also employed for more relevant studies. The heterogeneity was assessed using Cochran's Q statistic and I2test. Weighted mean difference (WMD) or odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) in the VC group and control group were appropriately pooled.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Four studies were enrolled in the meta-analysis. The pooled effects indicated that the spine BMD (WMD = -0.08, 95% CI: -0.11 to -0.06) and hip BMD (WMD = -0.06, 95% CI: -0.10 to -0.07) in VC group were significantly lower than those in control group, respectively. Moreover, patients with VC were prone to develop osteoporosis (OR = 4.39, 95% CI: 2.82-6.83) and osteopenia (OR = 1.72, 95% CI: 1.14-2.60).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results suggest that patients with VC have lower lumbar spine and hip BMD levels and increased risk for developing osteoporosis/osteopenia. Thus, VC patients should be evaluated for the presence of osteoporosis/osteopenia, as well as susceptibility to fractures.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China.
authors.forename: Yiyun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China.
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Feng
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015519:Bone Density; D001851:Bone Diseases, Metabolic / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D006621:Hip Joint / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D008159:Lumbar Vertebrae / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D010024:Osteoporosis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011379:Prognosis; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D061205:Vascular Calcification / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology*
keywords: low bone mineral density; meta-analysis; osteopenia; osteoporosis; vascular calcification