title: Textile Functionalization and Its Effects on the Release of Silver Nanoparticles into Artificial Sweat.
abstract: This study addresses the release of total silver (Ag) and silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) from textiles into artificial sweat, particularly considering the functionalization technology used in textile finishing. Migration experiments were conducted for four commercially available textiles and for six laboratory-prepared textiles. Two among these lab-prepared textiles represent materials in which Ag-NPs were embedded within the textile fibers (composites), whereas the other lab-prepared textiles contain Ag particles on the respective fiber surfaces (coatings). The results indicate a smaller release of total Ag from composites in comparison to surface-coated textiles. The particulate fraction determined within the artificial sweat was negligible for most textiles, meaning that the majority of the released Ag is present as dissolved Ag. It is also relevant to note that nanotextiles do not release more particulate Ag than conventional Ag textiles. The results rather indicate that the functionalization type is the most important parameter affecting the migration. Furthermore, after measuring different Ag-NP types in their pristine form with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry in the single particle mode, there is evidence that particle modifications, like surface coating, may also influence the dissolution behavior of the Ag-NPs in the sweat solutions. These factors are important when discussing the likelihood of consumer exposure.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR) , Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, D-10589, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wagener
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR) , Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, D-10589, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Nils
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Dommershausen
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR) , Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, D-10589, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Harald
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jungnickel
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR) , Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, D-10589, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Laux
authors.affiliation: Technology and Society Laboratory, EMPA - Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology , Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, CH-9014, St. Gallen, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Denise
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mitrano
authors.affiliation: Technology and Society Laboratory, EMPA - Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology , Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, CH-9014, St. Gallen, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Bernd
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Nowack
authors.affiliation: rent a scientist GmbH , An der Irler Höhe 3a, D-93055, Regensburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Gregor
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Schneider
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR) , Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, D-10589, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Luch
mesh_terms: D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry; D012834:Silver / Q000737:chemistry*; D013542:Sweat / Q000737:chemistry*; D013784:Textiles
chemical_list: D012834:Silver