title: Moisture-Driven Ceramic Bilayer Actuators from a Biotemplating Approach.
abstract: The former ovuliferous scales of biotemplated cones of Pinus nigra show moisture-driven actuation similar to their biological templates, demonstrating a facile route to obtain ceramic moisture-sensitive bilayer actuators. Based on comparative analysis of their hierarchical nanometer-precision replica structures, using, e.g., spatially resolved small-angle X-ray scattering, the origin of the actuation is explained.
authors.affiliation: Professur für Biogene Polymere, Technische Universität München, Straubing Center of Science for Renewable Resources, Schulgasse 16, D-94315, Straubing, Germany.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Van Opdenbosch
authors.affiliation: Institut für Physik, Montanuniversität Leoben, Franz-Josef-Straße 18, A-8700, Leoben, Austria.
authors.forename: Gerhard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Fritz-Popovski
authors.affiliation: Max-Planck-Institut für Kolloid- und Grenzflächenforschung, Abteilung Biomaterialien, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476, Potsdam, Germany.
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wagermaier
authors.affiliation: Institut für Physik, Montanuniversität Leoben, Franz-Josef-Straße 18, A-8700, Leoben, Austria.
authors.forename: Oskar
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Paris
authors.affiliation: Professur für Biogene Polymere, Technische Universität München, Straubing Center of Science for Renewable Resources, Schulgasse 16, D-94315, Straubing, Germany.
authors.forename: Cordt
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zollfrank
mesh_terms: D040761:Biomimetic Materials / Q000737:chemistry*; D002516:Ceramics / Q000737:chemistry*; D028223:Pinus / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D016062:Porosity; D017155:Wettability
keywords: bioinspired materials; biotemplated silica; moisture-driven actuation; nanometer-scale precision hierarchical replica; porous ceramic bilayer actuators