title: Evaluation of toxicity and estrogenicity of the landfill-concentrated leachate during advanced oxidation treatment: chemical analyses and bioanalytical tools.
abstract: Landfill-concentrated leachate from membrane separation processes is a potential pollution source for the surroundings. In this study, the toxicity and estrogenicity potentials of concentrated leachate prior to and during UV-Fenton and Fenton treatments were assessed by a combination of chemical (di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate and dibutyl phthalate were chosen as targets) and biological (Daphnia magna, Chlorella vulgaris, and E-screen assay) analyses. Removal efficiencies of measured di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate and dibutyl phthalate were more than 97 % after treatment with the two methods. Biological tests showed acute toxicity effects on D. magna tests in untreated concentrated leachate samples, whereas acute toxicity on C. vulgaris tests was not observed. Both treatment methods were found to be efficient in reducing acute toxicity effects on D. magna tests. The E-screen test showed concentrated leachate had significant estrogenicity, UV-Fenton and Fenton treatment, especially the former, were effective methods for reducing estrogenicity of concentrated leachate. The EEQchem (estradiol equivalent concentration) of all samples could only explain 0.218-5.31 % range of the EEQbio. These results showed that UV-Fenton reagent could be considered as a suitable method for treatment of concentrated leachate, and the importance of the application of an integrated (biological + chemical) analytical approach for a comprehensive evaluation of treatment suitability.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, No. 601, Huangpu Da Dao Xi, Guangzhou, 510632, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Guifang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Water/Soil Toxic Pollutants Control and Bioremediation of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Department of Environmental Engineering, Jinan University, No. 601, Huangpu Da Dao Xi, Guangzhou, 510632, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Gang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, No. 601, Huangpu Da Dao Xi, Guangzhou, 510632, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Jiandi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, No. 601, Huangpu Da Dao Xi, Guangzhou, 510632, People's Republic of China. tyinph@jnu.edu.cn.|Research Center of Analysis and Test, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, People's Republic of China. tyinph@jnu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Pinghe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Water/Soil Toxic Pollutants Control and Bioremediation of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Department of Environmental Engineering, Jinan University, No. 601, Huangpu Da Dao Xi, Guangzhou, 510632, People's Republic of China. zhaoling@jnu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Ling
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhao
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D048408:Chlorella vulgaris / Q000187:drug effects; D003621:Daphnia / Q000187:drug effects; D003993:Dibutyl Phthalate / Q000737:chemistry / Q000528:radiation effects / Q000633:toxicity; D004051:Diethylhexyl Phthalate / Q000737:chemistry / Q000528:radiation effects / Q000633:toxicity; D004967:Estrogens / Q000737:chemistry / Q000528:radiation effects / Q000633:toxicity; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000737:chemistry*; D007501:Iron / Q000737:chemistry*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays; D064091:Waste Disposal Facilities; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000737:chemistry / Q000528:radiation effects / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D004967:Estrogens; C045076:Fenton's reagent; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D003993:Dibutyl Phthalate; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D004051:Diethylhexyl Phthalate; D007501:Iron
keywords: Acute toxicity; Advanced treatment; Chemical analysis; Estrogenicity; Landfill-concentrated leachate; MCF-7 cell line