title: The effect of silane applied to glass ceramics on surface structure and bonding strength at different temperatures.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effect of various surface treatments on the surface structure and shear bond strength (SBS) of different ceramics.
  
  
  METHODS
  288 specimens (lithium-disilicate, leucite-reinforced, and glass infiltrated zirconia) were first divided into two groups according to the resin cement used, and were later divided into four groups according to the given surface treatments: G1 (hydrofluoric acid (HF)+silane), G2 (silane alone-no heat-treatment), G3 (silane alone-then dried with 60℃ heat-treatment), and G4 (silane alone-then dried with 100℃ heat-treatment). Two different adhesive luting systems were applied onto the ceramic discs in all groups. SBS (in MPa) was calculated from the failure load per bonded area (in N/mm(2)). Subsequently, one specimen from each group was prepared for SEM evaluation of the separated-resin-ceramic interface.
  
  
  RESULTS
  SBS values of G1 were significantly higher than those of the other groups in the lithium disilicate ceramic and leucite reinforced ceramic, and the SBS values of G4 and G1 were significantly higher than those of G2 and G3 in glass infiltrated zirconia. The three-way ANOVA revealed that the SBS values were significantly affected by the type of resin cement (P<.001). FIN ceramics had the highest rate of cohesive failure on the ceramic surfaces than other ceramic groups. AFM images showed that the surface treatment groups exhibited similar topographies, except the group treated with HF.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The heat treatment was not sufficient to achieve high SBS values as compared with HF acid etching. The surface topography of ceramics was affected by surface treatments.
authors.affiliation: Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Abant Izzet Baysal University, Bolu, Turkey.
authors.forename: Tevfik
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-9507-4552
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yavuz
authors.affiliation: Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey.
authors.forename: Oguz
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Eraslan
keywords: AFM; Bond strength; Heat treatment; SEM analysis; Silane treatment; Surface treatment