title: Kidney Injury Molecule Levels in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study was designed to determine the diagnostic role of urinary kidney injury molecule (KIM)-1 levels in renal damage in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus according to the urinary albumin/creatinine ratio.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus admitted to different polyclinics in our hospital enrolled in the study and were subdivided into three groups according to albumin/creatinine ratio - normalbuminuric (n: 20); microalbuminuric (n: 20); albuminuric (n: 18) - and compared with the control group. Urine albumin was analyzed using the immunoturbidimetric method (Architect C16000, Abbott Diagnostics). uKIM-1 was determined using a commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay test kit (USCN Life Science, Hankou, Wuhan, China). One-sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, Spearman correlation and Kruskal-Wallis non-parametric tests were performed. Post hoc comparisons were made using Bonferroni-corrected Mann-Whitney U tests.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The differences between the controls and normalbuminuric, microalbuminuric and albuminuric groups were highly significant for KIM-1. Positive correlation was found between KIM-1 and urine microalbumin-urine microalbumin/creatinine (r = 0.479 P < 0.001; r = 0. 400, P < 0.001; respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In our study, KIM-1 levels were significantly different suggesting that urinary KIM-1 levels may be an early marker in patients with diabetic nephropathy. J. Clin. Lab. Anal. 00:1-6, 2016.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Chemistry Laboratory, Diyarbakır Maternity and Children Hospital, Diyarbakir, Turkey. ozguraslan44@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Ozgur
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Aslan
authors.affiliation: Clinical Chemistry Laboratory, Gaziantep. Dr Ersin Arslan State Hospital, Gaziantep, Turkey.
authors.forename: Metin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Demir
authors.affiliation: Department of II. Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, Ataturk Training and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey.
authors.forename: Mehmet
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Koseoglu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000419:Albuminuria / Q000378:metabolism; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications* / Q000652:urine*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D000072596:Hepatitis A Virus Cellular Receptor 1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000209:etiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric
chemical_list: C491143:HAVCR1 protein, human; D000072596:Hepatitis A Virus Cellular Receptor 1
keywords: KIM-1 protein; diabetic nephropathy; microalbuminuria