title: Reaction kinetics and oxidation product formation in the degradation of acetaminophen by ferrate (VI).
abstract: This paper investigates the degradation of acetaminophen (AAP) in aqueous solutions by ferrate (VI), aiming to propose the kinetics, pathways and the oxidation products' formation in the AAP degradation. A series of jar tests were undertaken over ferrate (VI) dosages (molar ratios of ferrate (VI):AAP, 5:1 to 25:1) and pH values (4-11). The effects of co-existing ions (0.2-5 mM) and humic acid (10-50 mg l(-1)) on the AAP removal were investigated. Ferrate (VI) can remove 99.6% AAP (from 1000 μg l(-1)) in 60 min under study conditions when majority of the AAP reduction occurred in the first 5 min. The treatment performance depended on the ferrate(VI) dosage, pH and the type and strength of co-existing ions and humic acid. Raising ferrate (VI) dosage with optimal pH 7 improved the AAP degradation. In the presence of humic acid, the AAP degradation by ferrate (VI) was promoted in a short period (<30 min) but then inhibited with increasing in humic acid contents. The presence of Al(3+), CO3(2-) and PO4(3-) ions declined but the existence of K(+), Na(+), Mg(2+) and Ca(2+) ions can improve the AAP removal. The catalytic function of Al(3+) on the decomposition of ferrate (VI) in aqueous solution was found. The kinetics of the reaction between ferrate (VI) and AAP was pseudo first-order for ferrete (VI) and pseudo second-order for AAP. The pseudo rate constant of ferrate (VI) with AAP was 1.4 × 10(-5) L(2) mg(-2) min(-1). Three oxidation products (OPs) were identified and the AAP degradation pathways were proposed.
authors.affiliation: School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China. Electronic address: hywang@zjut.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Hongyu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yibing
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: School of Engineering and Built Environment, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow G4 0BA, Scotland, United Kingdom. Electronic address: jiaqian.jiang@gcu.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Jia-Qian
authors.initials: JQ
authors.lastname: Jiang
mesh_terms: D000082:Acetaminophen / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D002384:Catalysis; D006812:Humic Substances; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007501:Iron / Q000737:chemistry*; D007700:Kinetics; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D014876:Water Pollution
chemical_list: D006812:Humic Substances; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C017311:ferrate ion; D000082:Acetaminophen; D007501:Iron
keywords: Acetaminophen; Influence factors; Oxidation products; Potassium ferrate (VI); Reaction mechanism