title: Endoscopic Variceal Ligation followed by Argon Plasma Coagulation Against Endoscopic Variceal Ligation Alone: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
abstract: Our aim was to study the efficacy and the safety of argon plasma coagulation (APC) in secondary prophylaxis against esophageal varices in view of many contraindications and side effects to β-blockers in cirrhotic patients.
  
  
  
  Rebleeding rates from esophageal varices after endoscopic variceal ligation (EVL) are high; thus, the current recommendation is to combine nonselective β-blockers to it, but side effects and relative contraindications to nonselective β-blockers hinder their usage or require discontinuation in 15% to 20% of the cirrhotic patients. Thus, it is important to find another combination.
  
  
  
  This study included all patients admitted to the Alexandria Main University Hospital during the period between April 2012 and October 2012 with variceal bleeding. After exclusions, the total number of included patients was 40. All participants were subjected to EVL and eradication of varices, and then they were randomized to either APC (group 1) or just observation (group 2). Both groups were followed up by endoscopy every 3 months for 30 months.
  
  
  
  During the 2.5-year follow-up, 21% of the participants in group 1 experienced esophageal variceal recurrence, but no one needed rebanding. In group 2, 68.4% of the participants experienced esophageal variceal recurrence (P=0.003) and 63.2% underwent rebanding (P<0.001).
  
  
  
  APC after esophageal variceal eradication using EVL can decrease the risk of recurrence of esophageal varices and the need for rebanding. This technique may be recommended in secondary prophylaxis against esophageal variceal bleeding in those who have contraindications, are intolerant, or are noncompliant to nonselective β-blockers.
authors.affiliation: *Hepatology Unit †Head and Neck Surgery Unit, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
authors.forename: Ahmed
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kamal
authors.forename: Amr A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Abd Elmoety
authors.forename: Yasser
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hamza
authors.forename: Ahmed
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zeid
mesh_terms: D057908:Argon Plasma Coagulation / Q000379:methods*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D004932:Esophageal and Gastric Varices / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000601:surgery*; D004945:Esophagoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D004947:Esophagus / Q000098:blood supply / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006471:Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008026:Ligation / Q000379:methods*; D008103:Liver Cirrhosis / Q000150:complications; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012008:Recurrence; D055502:Secondary Prevention / Q000379:methods; D016896:Treatment Outcome