title: Low vibration high numerical aperture automated variable temperature Raman microscope.
abstract: Raman micro-spectroscopy is well suited for studying a variety of properties and has been applied to a wide range of areas. Combined with tuneable temperature, Raman spectra can offer even more insights into the properties of materials. However, previous designs of variable temperature Raman microscopes have made it extremely challenging to measure samples with low signal levels due to thermal and positional instabilities as well as low collection efficiencies. Thus contemporary Raman microscope has found limited applicability to probing the subtle physics involved in phase transitions and hysteresis. This paper describes a new design of a closed-cycle, Raman microscope with full polarization rotation. High collection efficiency, thermal stability, and mechanical stability are ensured by both deliberate optical, cryogenic, and mechanical design. Measurements on two samples, Bi2Se3 and V2O3, which are challenging due to low thermal conductivities, low signal levels, and/or hysteretic effects, are measured with previously undemonstrated temperature resolution.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics and Institute for Optical Sciences, University of Toronto, 60 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A7, Canada.
authors.forename: Yao
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.affiliation: Montana Instruments, 151 Evergreen Dr., Bozeman, Montana 59715, USA.
authors.forename: Anjan A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Reijnders
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, Boston College, 140 Commonwealth Ave., Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, USA.
authors.forename: Gavin B
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Osterhoudt
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics and Center for Advanced Nanoscience, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA.
authors.forename: Ilya
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Valmianski
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics and Center for Advanced Nanoscience, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA.
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Ramirez
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics and Center for Advanced Nanoscience, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA.
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Urban
authors.affiliation: Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA.
authors.forename: Ruidan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zhong
authors.affiliation: Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA.
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Schneeloch
authors.affiliation: Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA.
authors.forename: Genda
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.affiliation: Montana Instruments, 151 Evergreen Dr., Bozeman, Montana 59715, USA.
authors.forename: Isaac
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Henslee
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, Boston College, 140 Commonwealth Ave., Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, USA.
authors.forename: Kenneth S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Burch