title: Impact of insect growth regulators on the predator Ceraeochrysa cincta (Schneider) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae).
abstract: The generalist predator Ceraeochrysa cincta (Schneider) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) is an important biological control agent of several arthropod pests in different agroecosystems. This study assessed the lethal and sublethal effects of six insect growth regulators sprayed on first-instar larvae of C. cincta. Lufenuron and diflubenzuron were highly harmful to first-instar larvae of C. cincta, causing 100 % of mortality before they reached the second instar. Buprofezin caused ~25 % mortality of the larvae and considerably reduced the fecundity and longevity of the insects, but substantially increased the proportion of females in the surviving population of C. cincta. Methoxyfenozide and tebufenozide did not affect the duration and survival of the immature stages, but methoxyfenozide significantly reduced the fecundity and longevity of the insects. Pyriproxyfen reduced the survival of the larval stage by 19.5 %, but did not affect the development, survival and reproduction of the surviving individuals. Based on reduction coefficient, the insecticides diflubenzuron and lufenuron were considered harmful to C. cincta, whereas buprofezin and methoxyfenozide were slightly harmful and tebufenozide and pyriproxyfen were harmless. The estimation of life-table parameters indicated that buprofezin and methoxyfenozide significantly reduced the R o , r and λ of C. cincta, whereas pyriproxyfen and tebufenozide caused no adverse effect on population parameters, indicating that these insecticides could be suitable for use in pest management programs towards the conservation and population increase of the predator in agroecosystems. However, more studies should be conducted to evaluate the compatibility of these insecticides with the predator C. cincta under semi-field and field conditions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Entomology and Acarology, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture/University of São Paulo (ESALQ/USP), Av. Pádua Dias, 11 - Agronomia, Piracicaba, São Paulo, CEP 13418-900, Brazil. gabrielrugno@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Gabriel Rodrigo
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Rugno
authors.affiliation: Department of Entomology and Acarology, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture/University of São Paulo (ESALQ/USP), Av. Pádua Dias, 11 - Agronomia, Piracicaba, São Paulo, CEP 13418-900, Brazil.
authors.forename: Odimar Zanuzo
authors.initials: OZ
authors.lastname: Zanardi
authors.affiliation: Department of Entomology and Acarology, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture/University of São Paulo (ESALQ/USP), Av. Pádua Dias, 11 - Agronomia, Piracicaba, São Paulo, CEP 13418-900, Brazil.
authors.forename: Johanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bajonero Cuervo
authors.affiliation: Department of Entomology and Acarology, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture/University of São Paulo (ESALQ/USP), Av. Pádua Dias, 11 - Agronomia, Piracicaba, São Paulo, CEP 13418-900, Brazil.
authors.forename: Matheus Rovere
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: de Morais
authors.affiliation: Department of Entomology and Acarology, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture/University of São Paulo (ESALQ/USP), Av. Pádua Dias, 11 - Agronomia, Piracicaba, São Paulo, CEP 13418-900, Brazil.
authors.forename: Pedro Takao
authors.initials: PT
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004132:Diflubenzuron / Q000633:toxicity; D006834:Hydrazines / Q000633:toxicity; D007313:Insecta / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D007306:Insecticides / Q000633:toxicity*; D007605:Juvenile Hormones / Q000633:toxicity*; D011725:Pyridines / Q000633:toxicity; D013829:Thiadiazines / Q000633:toxicity; D018675:Toxicity Tests / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D006834:Hydrazines; D007306:Insecticides; D007605:Juvenile Hormones; D011725:Pyridines; D013829:Thiadiazines; C083997:buprofezin; C055613:pyriproxyfen; C406712:methoxyfenozide; D004132:Diflubenzuron; C082026:tebufenozide
keywords: Insecticides; Lacewings; Lethal and sublethal effects; Life-table