title: Hydrazide d-luciferin for in vitro selective detection and intratumoral imaging of Cu(2.).
abstract: Copper is an essential micronutrient involved in fundamental life processes but using a bioluminescence (BL) probe to selectively sense Cu(2+)in vitro or image Cu(2+)in vivo is still unavailable. Herein, a latent BL probe hydrazide d-luciferin (1) was rationally designed and successfully applied it for selective detection of Cu(2+)in vitro and imaging Cu(2+) in living cells and in tumors. Upon the catalysis of Cu(2+), 1 was converted to d-luciferin and turned on the BL in the presence of firefly luciferase (fLuc). In vitro tests indicated that 1 could be applied for highly selective sensing Cu(2+) within the range of 0-80μM with a limit of detection (LOD) of 39.0nM. Cell and animal experiments indicated that 1 could be applied for specific BL imaging of Cu(2+) in living cells and tumors and the BL signal of 1 was more stable and longer than that of d-luciferin. We envision that this unique probe 1 might serve as an elucidative tool for further exploration of the biological roles of Cu(2+) in physiological and pathological processes in the near future.
authors.affiliation: CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China.
authors.forename: Zhen
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.affiliation: School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China.
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China.
authors.forename: Peiyao
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China.
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China.
authors.forename: Yue
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.affiliation: CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China.
authors.forename: Gongyu
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China.
authors.forename: Huafeng
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China. Electronic address: gliang@ustc.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Gaolin
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Liang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D052160:Benzothiazoles / Q000737:chemistry*; D002413:Cations, Divalent / Q000032:analysis; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D003300:Copper / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D006834:Hydrazines / Q000737:chemistry; D049409:Luciferases, Firefly / Q000737:chemistry; D049408:Luminescent Agents / Q000737:chemistry*; D008163:Luminescent Measurements / Q000379:methods*; D051379:Mice; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D061848:Optical Imaging / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D052160:Benzothiazoles; D002413:Cations, Divalent; C532924:D-luciferin; D006834:Hydrazines; D049408:Luminescent Agents; D003300:Copper; D049409:Luciferases, Firefly
keywords: (D)-luciferin; Bioluminescence; Copper ion; Imaging