title: Iron homeostasis: transport, metabolism, and regulation.
abstract: Iron is essential for normal cellular function and many diseases result from disturbances in iron homeostasis. This review describes some of the recent key advances in iron transport and its regulation, how this relates to iron-related disorders, and emerging therapies for these diseases.
  
  
  
  The iron-regulatory hormone hepcidin and its target, the iron exporter ferroportin (FPN), play central roles in iron homeostasis. Recent studies have expanded our understanding of how hepcidin is regulated in response to stimulated erythropoiesis and have added some new players to the complex network of factors that influences hepcidin expression. Novel structural insights into how FPN transports iron have been an important addition to the field, as has the recognition that some zinc transporters such as ZIP14 can transport iron. Investigations into cardiac iron homeostasis have revealed a key role for FPN, and transferrin receptor 1, which is essential for cellular iron uptake, has been shown to be critical for normal immune function.
  
  
  
  The increased understanding of mechanisms of iron homeostasis that has resulted from recent research has greatly improved our ability to diagnose and manage iron-related disorders, and has offered new therapies for this important class of human diseases.
authors.affiliation: aIron Metabolism Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia bCAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Shanshan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: David M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Frazer
authors.forename: Gregory J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Anderson
mesh_terms: D018798:Anemia, Iron-Deficiency / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000628:therapy; D000818:Animals; D001692:Biological Transport; D027682:Cation Transport Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D004920:Erythropoiesis; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D064451:Hepcidins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D006706:Homeostasis; D006801:Humans; D007408:Intestinal Absorption; D019190:Iron Overload / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000628:therapy; D019266:Iron, Dietary / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008664:Metal Metabolism, Inborn Errors / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000628:therapy; D009154:Mutation; D009928:Organ Specificity; D036361:Peptide Hormones / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011990:Receptors, Transferrin / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000098742:Ferroportin
chemical_list: D027682:Cation Transport Proteins; C000600298:Erfe protein, human; D064451:Hepcidins; D019266:Iron, Dietary; D036361:Peptide Hormones; D011990:Receptors, Transferrin; C497524:SLC39A14 protein, human; D000098742:Ferroportin