title: Effect of benzophenone-1 and octylphenol on the regulation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition via an estrogen receptor-dependent pathway in estrogen receptor expressing ovarian cancer cells.
abstract: Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is an important process in embryonic development and cancer progression and metastasis. EMT is influenced by 17β-estradiol (E2), an endogenous estrogen. Benzophenone-1 (2,4-dihydroxybenzophenone, BP-1) and 4-tert-octylphenol (OP) are suspected endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) because they can exhibit estrogenic properties. In this study, we examined whether BP-1 and OP can lead to EMT of BG-1 ovarian cancer cells expressing estrogen receptors (ERs). A wound healing assay and western blot assay were conducted to show the effect of BP-1 and OP on the migration of BG-1 cells and protein expression of EMT-related genes. BP-1 (10(-6) M) and OP (10(-6) M) significantly enhanced the migration capability of BG-1 cells by reducing the wounded area in the cell monolayer relative to the control, similar to E2 (10(-9) M). However, when BG-1 cells were co-treated with ICI 182,780, an ER antagonist, the uncovered area was maintained at the level of the control. N-cadherin, snail, and slug were increased by BP-1 and OP while E-cadherin was reduced compared to the control. However, this effect was also restored by co-treatment with ICI 182,780. Taken together, these results indicate that BP-1 and OP, the potential EDCs, may have the ability to induce ovarian cancer metastasis via regulation of the expression of EMT markers and migration of ER-expressing BG-1 ovarian cancer cells.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Sam
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Ryeo-Eun
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Go
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Cho-Won
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Kyung-A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.affiliation: Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 30 Yeongudanji-ro, Ochang-eup, Cheongwon-gun, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Ki-Hoan
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Nam
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: kchoi@cbu.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Kyung-Chul
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Choi
mesh_terms: D001577:Benzophenones / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D058750:Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition / Q000187:drug effects*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D010051:Ovarian Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D010636:Phenols / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects*; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D001577:Benzophenones; D010636:Phenols; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen; C474055:octylphenol
keywords: Benzophenone-1; EMT; Octylphenol; Ovarian cancer