title: Migration of photoinitiators from cardboard into dry food: evaluation of Tenax® as a food simulant.
abstract: Photoinitiators are widely used to cure ink on packaging materials used in food applications such as cardboards for the packaging of dry foods. Conventional migration testing for long-term storage at ambient temperature with Tenax(®) was applied to paperboard for the following photoinitiators: benzophenone (BP), 4,4'-bis(diethylamino)benzophenone (DEAB), 2-chloro-9H-thioxanthen-9-one (CTX), 1-chloro-4-propoxy-9H-thioxanthen-9-one (CPTX), 4-(dimethylamino)benzophenone (DMBP), 2-ethylanthraquinone (EA), 2-ethylhexyl-4-dimethylaminobenzoate (EDB), ethyl-4-dimethylaminobenzoate (EDMAB), 4-hydroxybenzophenone (4-HBP), 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone (HMBP), 2-hydroxy-4'-(2-hydroxyethoxy)-2-methylpropiophenone (HMMP), 2-isopropyl-9H-thioxanthen-9-one (ITX), 4-methylbenzophenone (MBP) and Michler's ketone (MK). Test conditions (10 days at 60°C) were according to Regulation (EU) No. 10/2011 and showed different migration patterns for the different photoinitiators. The results were compared with the migration in cereals after a storage of 6 months at room temperature. The simulation with Tenax at 60°C overestimated actual migration in cereals up to a maximum of 92%. In addition, the effect of a lower contact temperature and the impact of the Tenax pore size were investigated. Analogous simulation performed with rice instead of Tenax resulted in insufficiently low migration rates, showing Tenax is a much stronger adsorbent than rice and cereals.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Food, Medicines and Consumer Safety , Scientific Institute of Public Health , Brussels , Belgium.
authors.forename: Kathy
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Van Den Houwe
authors.affiliation: a Department of Food, Medicines and Consumer Safety , Scientific Institute of Public Health , Brussels , Belgium.
authors.forename: Caroline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Evrard
authors.affiliation: a Department of Food, Medicines and Consumer Safety , Scientific Institute of Public Health , Brussels , Belgium.
authors.forename: Joris
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Van Loco
authors.affiliation: b Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry , Ghent University , Ghent , Belgium.
authors.forename: Frederic
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lynen
authors.affiliation: a Department of Food, Medicines and Consumer Safety , Scientific Institute of Public Health , Brussels , Belgium.
authors.forename: Els
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Van Hoeck
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D000880:Anthraquinones / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D001530:Belgium; D001577:Benzophenones / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D002523:Edible Grain / Q000737:chemistry; D005062:European Union; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000517:prevention & control*; D018857:Food Packaging / Q000592:standards; D061353:Food Storage; D006358:Hot Temperature; D007281:Ink; D007700:Kinetics; D008422:Materials Testing / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D008956:Models, Chemical; D012275:Oryza / Q000737:chemistry; D010209:Paper / Q000592:standards; D017319:Photosensitizing Agents / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry*; D016062:Porosity; D012639:Seeds / Q000737:chemistry; D013892:Thioxanthenes / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D062366:para-Aminobenzoates / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000880:Anthraquinones; D001577:Benzophenones; D017319:Photosensitizing Agents; D011108:Polymers; D013892:Thioxanthenes; D062366:para-Aminobenzoates; C010514:tenax
keywords: Tenax®; board; cereals; food-contact material; kinetics; migration; photoinitiators