title: Improving Capture of Vaccine History: Case Study from an Evaluation of 10-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine Introduction in Kenya.
abstract: With the accelerated introduction of new vaccines in low-income settings, understanding immunization program performance is critical. We sought to improve immunization history acquisition from Ministry of Health vaccination cards during a vaccine impact study of 10-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine on pneumococcal carriage among young children in Kenya in 2012 and 2013. We captured immunization history in a low proportion of study participants in 2012 using vaccination cards. To overcome this challenge, we implemented a household-based reminder system in 2013 using community health workers (CHWs), and increased the retrieval of vaccine cards from 62% in 2012 to 89% in 2013 (P < 0.001). The home-based reminder system using CHWs is an example of an approach that improved immunization history data quality in a resource-poor setting.
authors.affiliation: Epidemic Intelligence Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Division of Bacterial Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Kenya Medical Research Institute/Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Research and Public Health Collaboration, Kisumu, Kenya; Division of Global Health Protection, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Nairobi, Kenya; Emory Global Health Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia ieo9@cdc.gov.
authors.forename: Aaron M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Harris
authors.affiliation: Epidemic Intelligence Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Division of Bacterial Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Kenya Medical Research Institute/Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Research and Public Health Collaboration, Kisumu, Kenya; Division of Global Health Protection, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Nairobi, Kenya; Emory Global Health Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia.
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Aol
authors.affiliation: Epidemic Intelligence Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Division of Bacterial Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Kenya Medical Research Institute/Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Research and Public Health Collaboration, Kisumu, Kenya; Division of Global Health Protection, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Nairobi, Kenya; Emory Global Health Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia.
authors.forename: Dominic
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ouma
authors.affiliation: Epidemic Intelligence Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Division of Bacterial Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Kenya Medical Research Institute/Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Research and Public Health Collaboration, Kisumu, Kenya; Division of Global Health Protection, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Nairobi, Kenya; Emory Global Health Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia.
authors.forename: Godfrey
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bigogo
authors.affiliation: Epidemic Intelligence Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Division of Bacterial Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Kenya Medical Research Institute/Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Research and Public Health Collaboration, Kisumu, Kenya; Division of Global Health Protection, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Nairobi, Kenya; Emory Global Health Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia.
authors.forename: Joel M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Montgomery
authors.affiliation: Epidemic Intelligence Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Division of Bacterial Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Kenya Medical Research Institute/Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Research and Public Health Collaboration, Kisumu, Kenya; Division of Global Health Protection, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Nairobi, Kenya; Emory Global Health Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia.
authors.forename: Cynthia G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Whitney
authors.affiliation: Epidemic Intelligence Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Division of Bacterial Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Kenya Medical Research Institute/Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Research and Public Health Collaboration, Kisumu, Kenya; Division of Global Health Protection, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Nairobi, Kenya; Emory Global Health Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia.
authors.forename: Robert F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Breiman
authors.affiliation: Epidemic Intelligence Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Division of Bacterial Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Kenya Medical Research Institute/Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Research and Public Health Collaboration, Kisumu, Kenya; Division of Global Health Protection, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Nairobi, Kenya; Emory Global Health Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia.
authors.forename: Lindsay
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D002353:Carrier State / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007630:Kenya / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008499:Medical Records; D011008:Pneumococcal Infections / Q000517:prevention & control*; D022242:Pneumococcal Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology*; D018074:Vaccines, Conjugate / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: C538863:10-valent pneumococcal vaccine; D022242:Pneumococcal Vaccines; D018074:Vaccines, Conjugate