title: Effect of Home Visiting with Pregnant Teens on Maternal Health.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Determine the extent that participation in Resource Mothers Program (RMP) home visiting improves maternal health at 3 months postpartum.
  
  
  METHODS
  A randomized controlled trial using RMPs in two urban and one rural location in a mid-Atlantic state. Community health workers from these RMPs enrolled teens into the study and the research team assigned participants to either the intervention group or telephone support control group using computerized randomization assignments. Data collection from baseline and 3 months postpartum using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) and the Prenatal Psychosocial Profile (PPP) is reported.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The sample included 150 pregnant teens with a mean age of 17 years. Mean self-esteem scores between groups were not significantly different at baseline, but the RMP group self-esteem scores improved significantly at the 3 months postpartum interview (36.40 ± 5.63 for RMP vs. 34.10 ± 4.29 telephone control group, p = 0.049). Neither group was at risk for depression at baseline or 3 months postpartum. Because 60% of the total sample identified as Hispanic, post hoc analysis revealed significantly different baseline stress mean scores between Hispanic and non-Hispanic teens (p = 0.038); however, these differences were no longer significant by 3 months postpartum (p = 0.073). The EPDS scores by ethnicity were not different at baseline (p = 0.875) but were significantly different at 3 months (p = 0.007).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The RMP home-visiting intervention can lead to improved self-esteem scores in teens, particularly in Hispanic teens. Improved self-esteem has been shown to lead to better parenting.
authors.affiliation: Wilaiporn Samankasikornm, Amanda St. Ivany and Seok Hyon are doctoral students at the University of Virginia, School of Nursing. Brittany Pierce was a baccalaureate distinguished major student at the University of Virginia, School of Nursing at the time the manuscript was written and is now a staff nurse at Virginia Commonwealth Health System in Richmond, VA. Donna Schminkey is an Assistant Professor at the University of Virginia, School of Nursing. Linda Bullock is Jeanette Lancaster Alumni Professor of Nursing, Associate Dean of Research, University of Virginia School of Nursing, Charlottesville, VA. Dr. Bullock is the corresponding author. She can be reached via e-mail at lbullock@virginia.edu.
authors.forename: Wilaiporn
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Samankasikorn
authors.forename: Brittany
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Pierce
authors.forename: Amanda
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: St Ivany
authors.forename: Seok Hyun
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Gwon
authors.forename: Donna
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Schminkey
authors.forename: Linda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bullock
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D003863:Depression / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D015277:Hotlines / Q000592:standards; D006792:House Calls; D006801:Humans; D008427:Maternal Health Services / Q000592:standards*; D011181:Postnatal Care / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D011247:Pregnancy; D011253:Pregnancy in Adolescence / Q000523:psychology*; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014768:Virginia