title: Patients With Celiac Disease Reported Higher Consumption of Added Sugar and Total Fat Than Healthy Individuals.
abstract: The aim of the study was to compare the dietary pattern between subjects with celiac disease (CD) (cases) and subjects without (healthy controls) CD.
  
  
  
  A case-control design study was conducted. A total of 98 subjects with CD (age 10-23 years) were matched by age, sex, and body mass index with 98 nonceliac participants. A nonconsecutive 3-day food record was completed to assess energy, nutrient, and food intake and evaluate the participant's adherence to recommendations. Differences in energy, nutrients, food consumption, and compliance with general recommendations between cases and control groups were assessed by Student t test. Pearson chi-squared test was used to compare categorical variables. Sociodemographic, personal, and family history data were collected.
  
  
  
  Compared with the control group, the cases with CD reported a significantly higher consumption of added sugar (P < 0.001) and total fat (P < 0.017). Mean fiber consumption was below the nutritional recommendations in both groups. Participants with CD consumed significantly lower amounts of foods rich in starch (P < 0.001) and higher amounts of foods rich in protein such as meat, fish, and eggs (P = 0.007). Subjects with CD showed a significantly lower percentage of adherence to recommendations for folic acid (53.2 vs 70.5; P < 0.001), calcium (49.0 vs 56.3; P = 0.025), iron (57.4 vs 78.0; P < 0.001), and magnesium (50.0 vs 63.9; P < 0.001).
  
  
  
  The subjects with CD showed a more unbalanced diet than controls in terms of added sugars, total fat, and micronutrient consumption.
authors.affiliation: *Human Nutrition Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Biochemistry & Biotechnology Department, Rovira i Virgili University, and Sant Joan de Reus Hospital, IISPV, Reus, Spain †Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain ‡Pediatrics Gastronterology Unit, Sant Joan de Reus Hospital, Paeditrics Research Unit, Rovira i Virgili University, IISPV, Spain §Service of Adult Gastroenterology, Sant Joan de Reus Hospital, Reus, Spain ||Faculty of Health Sciences and Welfare, Research Group of Food, Health and Welfare, University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia, Spain.
authors.forename: Nancy
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Babio
authors.forename: Mireia
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Alcázar
authors.forename: Gemma
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Castillejo
authors.forename: Miriam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Recasens
authors.forename: Francesc
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Martínez-Cerezo
authors.forename: Vanessa
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Gutiérrez-Pensado
authors.forename: Guiomar
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Masip
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Vaqué
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vila-Martí
authors.forename: Miriam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Torres-Moreno
authors.forename: Enric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sánchez
authors.forename: Jordi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Salas-Salvadó
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002446:Celiac Disease; D002648:Child; D004032:Diet; D015930:Diet Records; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004043:Dietary Fiber / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000073417:Dietary Sugars / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002149:Energy Intake; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D018977:Micronutrients / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D009749:Nutrition Surveys; D010349:Patient Compliance; D064167:Recommended Dietary Allowances; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D004041:Dietary Fats; D004043:Dietary Fiber; D004044:Dietary Proteins; D000073417:Dietary Sugars; D018977:Micronutrients