title: Preparation and Biological Activity of New Collagen Composites, Part I: Collagen/Zinc Titanate Nanocomposites.
abstract: The aim of this investigation was to develop new antimicrobial collagen/zinc titanate (ZnTiO3) biomaterials using a sol-gel cryogenic draying technology in keeping the native collagen activity. Broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity was demonstrated against Firmicutes (Staphylococcus epidermidis, Bacillus cereus, and Candida lusitaniae) and Gracilicutes (Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica, and Pseudomonas putida) microorganisms. The antimicrobial activity as well as the cytotoxicity were specific for the different test microorganisms (Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and fungi) and model eukaryotic cells (osteosarcoma, fibroblast, and keratinocyte cells), respectively, and both were depending on the ZnTiO3 concentration. Three mechanisms of the antimicrobial action were supposed, including (i) mechanical demolition of the cell wall and membrane by the crystal nanoparticles of the ZnTiO3 entrapped in the collagen matrix, (ii) chelation of its metal ions, and (iii) formation of free oxygen radicals due to the interaction between the microbial cells and antimicrobial agent. It was concluded that the optimal balance between antimicrobial activity and cytotoxicity could be achieved by a variation of the ZnTiO3 concentration. The antifungal and broad-spectrum antibacterial activity of the studied collagen/ZnTiO3 nanocomposites, combined with a low cytotoxicity, makes them a promising anti-infection biomaterial.
authors.affiliation: Division Leather and Footwear Research Institute (ICPI), INCDTP, 93, "Ion Minulesku" Str, Bucharest, Romania.
authors.forename: Madalina G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Albu
authors.affiliation: University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy, 8 "Kl. Ohridski" Blvd, 1756, Sofia, Bulgaria. tgv@uctm.edu.
authors.forename: Todorka G
authors.initials: TG
authors.lastname: Vladkova
authors.affiliation: Biological Faculty, Sofia University "St Kliment Ohridski", 8 "Dragan Tsankov" Str, 1164, Sofia, Bulgaria.
authors.forename: Iliana A
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Ivanova
authors.affiliation: University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy, 8 "Kl. Ohridski" Blvd, 1756, Sofia, Bulgaria.
authors.forename: Ahmed S A
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Shalaby
authors.affiliation: Biological Faculty, Sofia University "St Kliment Ohridski", 8 "Dragan Tsankov" Str, 1164, Sofia, Bulgaria.
authors.forename: Veselina S
authors.initials: VS
authors.lastname: Moskova-Doumanova
authors.affiliation: University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy, 8 "Kl. Ohridski" Blvd, 1756, Sofia, Bulgaria.
authors.forename: Anna D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Staneva
authors.affiliation: University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy, 8 "Kl. Ohridski" Blvd, 1756, Sofia, Bulgaria.
authors.forename: Yanko B
authors.initials: YB
authors.lastname: Dimitriev
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Investigations, BAS, "Acd. G. Bonchev" Str. Bl.21, 113, Sofia, Bulgaria.
authors.forename: Anelya S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Kostadinova
authors.affiliation: Biological Faculty, Sofia University "St Kliment Ohridski", 8 "Dragan Tsankov" Str, 1164, Sofia, Bulgaria.
authors.forename: Tanya I
authors.initials: TI
authors.lastname: Topouzova-Hristova
mesh_terms: D016475:3T3 Cells; D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D002417:Cattle; D016923:Cell Death / Q000187:drug effects; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D048430:Cell Shape / Q000187:drug effects; D003094:Collagen / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000201:enzymology; D006801:Humans; D006868:Hydrolysis; D051379:Mice; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D053761:Nanocomposites / Q000737:chemistry*; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry; D010088:Oxidoreductases / Q000378:metabolism; D016062:Porosity; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D013194:Staining and Labeling; D014025:Titanium / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction; D015032:Zinc / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D003094:Collagen; D014025:Titanium; D010088:Oxidoreductases; D015032:Zinc
keywords: Broad-spectrum antibacterial and antifungal activity; Collagen/ZnTiO3 nanocomposites; Cytotoxicity (osteosarcoma, fibroblast, and keratinocyte cells)