title: Brown Rot Strikes Prunus Fruit: An Ancient Fight Almost Always Lost.
abstract: Brown rot (BR) caused by Monilinia spp., has been an economic problem for the stone fruit market due to dramatic losses, mainly during the postharvest period. There is much literature about basic aspects of Monilinia spp. infection, which indicates that environment significantly influences its occurrence in the orchard. However, progress is needed to sustainably limit this disease: the pathogen is able to develop resistance to pesticides, and most of BR resistance research programs in plant models perish. Solving this problem becomes important due to the need to decrease chemical treatments and reduce residues on fruit. Thus, research has recently increased, exploring a wide range of disease control strategies (e.g., genetic, chemical, physical). Summarizing this information is difficult, as studies evaluate different Monilinia and Prunus model species, with diverse strategies and protocols. Thus, the purpose of this review is to present the diversity and distribution of agents causing BR, focusing on the biochemical mechanisms of Monilinia spp. infection both of the fungi and of the fruit, and report on the resistance sources in Prunus germplasm. This review comprehensively compiles the information currently available to better understand mechanisms related to BR resistance.
authors.affiliation: CAPES Foundation, Ministry of Education of Brazil , Brası́lia, DF 70040-020, Brazil.|GAFL, INRA , 84000, Avignon, France.
authors.forename: Leandro
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Oliveira Lino
authors.affiliation: INTA, Universidad de Chile , Avenida El Lı́bano, 5524 Macul, Santiago, Chile.|Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Milano , Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy.
authors.forename: Igor
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Pacheco
authors.affiliation: UERI, INRA , 26320, Saint Marcel-lès-Valence, France.
authors.forename: Vincent
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Mercier
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Milano , Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy.
authors.forename: Franco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Faoro
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Milano , Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy.
authors.forename: Daniele
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bassi
authors.affiliation: Unité de Pathologie Végétale, INRA , 84000, Avignon, France.
authors.forename: Isabelle
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Bornard
authors.affiliation: GAFL, INRA , 84000, Avignon, France.
authors.forename: Bénédicte
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Quilot-Turion
mesh_terms: D001203:Ascomycota / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000502:physiology*; D005638:Fruit / Q000382:microbiology; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D027861:Prunus / Q000382:microbiology*
keywords: Monilinia spp.; Prunus; QTL; brown rot