title: Influence of zeolite shape and particle size on their capacity to adsorb uremic toxin as powders and as fillers in membranes.
abstract: Membranes with zeolites are promising for performing blood dialysis because zeolites can eliminate uremic toxins through molecular sieving. Although the size and the shape of zeolite particles can potentially influence the performance of the membranes with respect of creatinine uptake level, it is not clear what sizes and shapes lead to better performance. In this paper, we carry out experiments to answer this question. Spherical microparticle 840, spherical nanoparticle P-87 and rod-like nanoparticle P-371 zeolites were chosen to be used in all the experiments. Their creatinine uptake levels were first measured as powders in creatinine solutions with different concentrations, volumes and adsorption times. Then, nanofibrous membranes with zeolites were electrospun and their ability to adsorb creatinine was measured and compared against their respective powders' creatinine uptake level. The experiment shows that the zeolites have similar creatinine uptake ability as powders. However, they have significantly different creatinine uptake ability after being incorporated inside the membranes. Spherical microparticle 840 in the membrane presented the best creatinine uptake ability, at 8957 µg g-1, which was half of its powders'. On the other hand, P-87 presented largely decreased, while P-371 presented even lower creatinine uptake ability in membranes when compared to respective powders'. The results shows that microparticle and sphere shaped particles perform better inside the membranes. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 105B: 1594-1601, 2017.
authors.affiliation: Department of Systems Design Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Limin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Department of Systems Design Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Chen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Systems Design Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Champika
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Samarasekera
authors.affiliation: Department of Systems Design Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: John T W
authors.initials: JTW
authors.lastname: Yeow
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D003404:Creatinine / Q000737:chemistry; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D010316:Particle Size; D014118:Toxins, Biological / Q000737:chemistry*; D017641:Zeolites / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D014118:Toxins, Biological; D017641:Zeolites; D003404:Creatinine
keywords: creatinine; dialysis; electrospinning; molecular sieve; polyacrylonitrile nanofiber membrane; size effect