title: A patient with Charlie M Syndrome: Differential diagnosis of Oromandibular Limb Hypogenesis Syndromes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In order to provide adequate treatment to a patient with a subtype of Oromandibular Limb Hypogenesis Syndromes (OLHS), this study aimed to review and to analyze the current literature and treatment options of OLHS.
  
  
  METHODS
  Literature review in PubMed and Sciencedirect. Due to the small number of results, all available references were analyzed precisely.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cases of OLHS are formerly rare and often incomplete. There are various classifications available, which, however, often seem confusing and are of little practical relevance. Furthermore, we present a complete case report of a patient with Charlie M syndrome, a type IV (Chicarilli)/ V (Hall) OLHS malformation. We also describe embryologic pathogenesis and differential diagnoses.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  As a result of our literature review, we recommend an adjusted classification for OLHS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic and Oral Surgery, Children´s Hospital Boston, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA.|Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Ole
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Ralf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Smeets
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Henning
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hanken
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Reinhard E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Friedrich
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Max
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Heiland
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic and Oral Surgery, Children´s Hospital Boston, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA.
authors.forename: Amir
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tagniha
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic and Oral Surgery, Children´s Hospital Boston, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA.
authors.forename: Brian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Labow
mesh_terms: D000015:Abnormalities, Multiple / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery; D019465:Craniofacial Abnormalities / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005532:Foot Deformities, Congenital / Q000175:diagnosis*; D006801:Humans; D008607:Intellectual Disability / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D008334:Mandible / Q000002:abnormalities*; D012174:Retinitis Pigmentosa / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Charlie M Syndrome; Oromandibular Limb Hypogenesis Syndromes (OLHS); Oromandibular and limb hypogenesis malformations (OLHM)