title: Entamoeba histolytica induces human neutrophils to form NETs.
abstract: Entamoeba histolytica invades the intestine and other organs during the pathogenesis of amoebiasis. In the early stages, the host organism responds with an inflammatory infiltrate composed mostly of neutrophils. It has been reported that these immune cells, activated by E. histolytica, exert a protective role by releasing proteolytic enzymes and generating reactive oxygen/nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) and antimicrobial peptides. It is now known that neutrophils also produce neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), which are able to damage and kill pathogens. Studies have shown that intracellular protozoan pathogens, including Toxoplasma gondi, Plasmodium falciparum and Leishmania spp, induce neutrophils to release NETs and are damaged by them. However, the action of this mechanism has not been explored in relation to E. histolytica trophozoites. Through scanning electron, epifluorescence microscopy and viability assays, we show for first time that during in vitro interaction with E. histolytica trophozoites, human neutrophils released NETs that covered amoebas and reduced amoebic viability. These NETs presented histones, myeloperoxidase and decondensed chromatin. The results suggest that NETs participate in the elimination of the parasite.
authors.affiliation: Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Ags, México.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ventura-Juarez
authors.affiliation: Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Ags, México.
authors.forename: Mr
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Campos-Esparza
authors.affiliation: Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, México.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pacheco-Yepez
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Investigación Médica en Inmunoquímica, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional, IMSS, Ciudad de México, México.
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: López-Blanco
authors.affiliation: Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Ags, México.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Adabache-Ortíz
authors.affiliation: Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Ags, México.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Silva-Briano
authors.affiliation: Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, México.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Campos-Rodríguez
mesh_terms: D000562:Amebiasis / Q000276:immunology / Q000469:parasitology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002843:Chromatin / Q000378:metabolism; D004748:Entamoeba histolytica / Q000276:immunology*; D065206:Extracellular Traps / Q000276:immunology*; D006657:Histones / Q000378:metabolism; D006790:Host-Parasite Interactions / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000276:immunology*; D009195:Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D010587:Phagocytosis / Q000276:immunology; D053058:Trophozoites / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D002843:Chromatin; D006657:Histones; D009195:Peroxidase
keywords: Entamoeba histolytica trophozoites; NETosis; neutrophil extracellular traps; neutrophils; phagocytosis