title: CeasIng Cpap At standarD criteriA (CICADA): Implementation improves neonatal outcomes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A previous randomised controlled trial (RCT) in babies born < 30 weeks gestation found the so-called CICADA method (ceasing continuous positive airways pressure (CPAP) with a view to remain off rather than slow weaning) significantly reduced CPAP time. Post-RCT we introduced the CICADA method and evaluated whether the improved outcomes of the CICADA method during the RCT were replicated in clinical practice.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the study is to compare cardio-respiratory outcomes in PBs < 30 weeks GA over three epochs: (i) pre RCT, (ii) during RCT and (iii) post RCT implementation.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study used prospective data to compare baseline characteristics and cardio-respiratory outcomes over the three epochs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 270/393(69%) PBs < 30 weeks GA who fulfilled the inclusion criteria over the three epochs. No significant differences were found in GA or birthweight between the three epochs (27.9 ± 1.3, 27.7 ± 1.4, 28.0 ± 1.3 (weeks ± 1 standard deviation); and 1100 ± 252, 1086 ± 251, 1094 ± 320 (grams ± 1 standard deviation)). There were significant decreases in CPAP days and corrected GA to cease CPAP post implementation (20.5 ± 2.1, 21.1 ± 2.1, 16.5 ± 1.8 (days ± SE); P = 0.006 and 33.3 ± 0.4, 33.5 ± 0.4, 32.6 ± 0.4 (weeks ± SE); P = 0.01). Compared with the pre RCT epoch, there were significant reductions in patent ductus arteriosus (36/78 (46%), 33/87 (37%), 18/103 (17%); P < 0.001) and chronic lung disease (40/78 (51%), 19/87 (21%), 30/103 (29%); P < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CPAP time, corrected GA to cease CPAP, patent ductus arteriosus and chronic lung disease significantly reduced following the introduction of the CICADA method. Early cessation of CPAP expedites the transition from neonatal intensive care to special care.
authors.affiliation: Australian National University Medical School, Canberra.
authors.forename: Rachael C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Heath Jeffery
authors.affiliation: Department of Neonatology, Centenary Hospital, Canberra.
authors.forename: Margaret
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Broom
authors.affiliation: Australian National University Medical School, Canberra.|Centre for Advances in Epidemiology and IT, Canberra Hospital Garran, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia.
authors.forename: Bruce
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Shadbolt
authors.affiliation: Australian National University Medical School, Canberra.|Department of Neonatology, Centenary Hospital, Canberra.
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Todd
mesh_terms: D001034:Apgar Score; D001724:Birth Weight; D045422:Continuous Positive Airway Pressure / Q000379:methods*; D016208:Databases, Factual; D004374:Ductus Arteriosus, Patent / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature; D007363:Intensive Care Units, Neonatal; D008171:Lung Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis; D008297:Male; D011247:Pregnancy; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012127:Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D015300:Ventilator Weaning / Q000592:standards*
keywords: continuous positive airway pressure; premature infant; respiratory