title: Simultaneous detection of platelet-specific antibodies based on a photonic crystal-encoded suspension array.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The appearance of antibodies to platelets in the blood is an important cause of immune thrombocytopenia (ITP), and platelet glycoprotein (GP)-specific antibody detection may be helpful to diagnose this condition.
  
  
  METHODS
  Photonic crystal microspheres with different distinct reflection spectra were coated with anti-GPIIb, -GPIIIa, -GPIb and -GPIX monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) to create a photonic crystal-encoded suspension array (PCSA). Fluorescein isothiocyanate-labelled goat anti-human IgG was added to detect human IgG simultaneously. The detection results were analysed by fluorescence microscopy. Parallel MoAb immobilization of platelet antigen (MAIPA) was used as a reference test. Both methods were used to analyse 63 clinical samples including serum from 32 ITP patients and 31 healthy humans.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The PCSA showed greater sensitivity than MAIPA in detecting anti-GPIIb (75.0% vs 31.1%) and GPIIIa (84.4% vs 40.6%) antibodies and similar sensitivity as MAIPA in detecting anti-GPIb (37.5% vs 34.4%) and GPIX (50.0% vs 40.8%) antibodies. The MAIPA and PCSA tests had similar specificity. The PCSA detected higher dilutions of serum containing anti-GPIIIa antibody or anti-GPIIb antibody than did MAIPA. The entire testing process was controlled within 3.5h.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The PCSA assay described has comparable or better sensitivity and specificity compared to the MAIPA and is more rapid.
authors.affiliation: The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213000, China.
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Kong
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.
authors.forename: Baofen
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China; Department of Hematology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.
authors.forename: Zixue
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Hematology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.
authors.forename: Baoan
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213000, China; Department of Hematology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China. Electronic address: a110426007@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Yun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ling
mesh_terms: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000097:blood* / Q000276:immunology*; D001792:Blood Platelets / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D008863:Microspheres; D017785:Photons; D016553:Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal
keywords: Photonic crystal technology; Platelet-specific antibody; Simultaneous detection