title: Patient Perceptions of Expression of Empathy From Chinese Medicine Clinicians in a Chinese Population: A Cross-Sectional Study.
abstract: This study aims to examine the level of empathy perceived by patients receiving care from herbalists, acupuncturists and massage therapists and to investigate the factors that influence levels of perceived empathy.Participants who were 18 years or above; able to provide written informed consent; and able to read and write in Chinese without assistance were included. A total of 514 participants sampled from charity and semipublic Chinese medicine (CM) clinics in Hong Kong were recruited to assess levels of empathy perceived during various length of consultations (1-20 minutes) by the Chinese Consultation and Relational Empathy Measure (Chinese CARE). Multiple linear regressions were conducted to evaluate the associations between perceived levels of empathy and the type of CM practitioner consulted and participants' demographic and health characteristics.The average Chinese CARE total score for participants consulting CM practitioners was 34.3 of a maximum of 50. After adjusting for participants' health and demographic characteristics, acupuncturists received the highest ratings (P < 0.001), whereas massage therapists (P < 0.001) scored the lowest of the 3 modalities. Participants receiving social benefits (P = 0.013), those with longer waiting times (P = 0.002), and those with shorter consultation durations (P = 0.020) scored significantly lower on the Chinese CARE.The level of empathy perceived by participants using CM was similar to results found for those in conventional care, in contrast to findings in other geographical settings, where a high level of perceived empathy was a major motivator for participants to choose complementary medicine.
authors.affiliation: From the Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care (VCHC, BHKY, ELMY, SL, RSTH, RWSS, SYSW), Hong Kong Institute of Integrative Medicine (VCHC, RWSS, JCYW, SYSW), and School of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China (AWNL).
authors.forename: Vincent C H
authors.initials: VCH
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.forename: Benjamin H K
authors.initials: BHK
authors.lastname: Yip
authors.forename: Ellen L M
authors.initials: ELM
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Siya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Robin S T
authors.initials: RST
authors.lastname: Ho
authors.forename: Regina W S
authors.initials: RWS
authors.lastname: Sit
authors.forename: Albert W N
authors.initials: AWN
authors.lastname: Leung
authors.forename: Justin C Y
authors.initials: JCY
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Samuel Y S
authors.initials: SYS
authors.lastname: Wong
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D044466:Asian People / Q000523:psychology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004645:Empathy; D005260:Female; D006723:Hong Kong; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008516:Medicine, Chinese Traditional / Q000523:psychology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D011369:Professional-Patient Relations; D012938:Social Perception; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult