title: Influence of Conjunctival Folds on Calculated Tear Meniscus Volume Along the Lower Eyelid.
abstract: In calculating tear meniscus volume (TMV), tear meniscus height (TMH), radius (TMR) and cross-sectional area (TMA) are usually measured at the center of the lower lid margin, but lid-parallel conjunctival folds (LIPCOFs) are known to influence the tear meniscus regularity. The aim of this study was to analyze the influence of LIPCOFs on TMA measured by optical coherence tomography (OCT) and consequently, the calculated tear meniscus volume (TMV).
  
  
  
  Using OCT (Cirrus-HD; Carl Zeiss Meditec, Jena, Germany), the TMH, TMR and TMA in 42 subjects (13M, 29F; mean age 27.3 SD±8.4 years) were measured directly below the pupil center, plus at temporal and nasal locations perpendicularly below the limbus, where LIPCOFs were also evaluated and graded. TMV for the different locations was calculated. Correlations between LIPCOFs and the tear meniscus parameters were analyzed using the Spearman Rank-Order coefficients. Differences between tear meniscus parameters at the different locations were evaluated by the paired t-test.
  
  
  
  Central TMV (5.30±1.42 x10(-2)μl/mm) was significantly positively correlated to LIPCOF sum (grade 2.4±1.2) (r=0.422; P<.05). The calculated temporal TMV was greater by 0.53x10(-2)μl/mm compared to the central TMV (P=.037), while there was no significant difference in tear volume between the other locations.
  
  
  
  Using OCT it was possible to investigate the influence of LIPCOFs on TMH, TMR, and for the first time on TMA, at central and paracentral positions along the lower lid margin. The presence of LICPOF results in an irregularity of tear meniscus with a difference in the amount of predicted tear volume while measuring TMH or TMR at the different locations.
authors.affiliation: School of Optometry and Vision Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom; Cologne School of Optometry, Cologne, Germany. Electronic address: bandlitz@hfak.de.
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bandlitz
authors.affiliation: School of Optometry and Vision Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Purslow
authors.affiliation: School of Optometry and Vision Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom; University of Waterloo, School of Optometry and Vision Science, Waterloo, Canada.
authors.forename: Paul J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Murphy
authors.affiliation: School of Optometry and Vision Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom; Optometry and Vision Research, Weinheim, Germany.
authors.forename: Heiko
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Pult
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003228:Conjunctiva; D015352:Dry Eye Syndromes; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D000072600:Meniscus; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013666:Tears; D041623:Tomography, Optical Coherence; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: LIPCOFs; conjunctival folds; optical coherence tomography; tear meniscus; tear volume