title: Reverse immunoediting: When immunity is edited by antigen.
abstract: Immune selective pressure occurring during cancer immunoediting shapes tumor features revealed at clinical presentation. However, in the "Escape" phase, the tumor itself has the chance to influence the immunological response. Therefore, the capacity of the immune response to sculpt the tumor characteristics is only one side of the coin and even the opposite is likely true, i.e. that an antigen can shape the immune response in a sort of "reverse immunoediting". This reciprocal modeling probably occurs continuously, whenever the immune system encounters a tumor/foreign antigen, and can be operative in the pathogen/immune system interplay, thus possibly permeating the protective immunity as a whole. In line with this view, the characterization of a T cell response as well as the design of both active and passive immunotherapy strategies should also take into account all Ag features (type, load and presentation). Overall, we suggest that the "reverse immunoediting" hypothesis could help to dissect the complex interplay between antigens and the immune repertoire, and to improve the outcome of immunotherapeutic approaches, where T cell responses are manipulated and reprogrammed.
authors.affiliation: Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Via Gattamelata, 64, 35128 Padua, Italy.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Merlo
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, Via Gattamelata, 64, University of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy.
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dalla Santa
authors.affiliation: CRO-IRCCS, National Cancer Institute, Via F. Gallini, 2, 33081 Aviano, PN, Italy; University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland 4102, Australia.
authors.forename: Riccardo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dolcetti
authors.affiliation: Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Via Gattamelata, 64, 35128 Padua, Italy; Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, Via Gattamelata, 64, University of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy.
authors.forename: Paola
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Zanovello
authors.affiliation: Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Via Gattamelata, 64, 35128 Padua, Italy; Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, Via Gattamelata, 64, University of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy. Electronic address: antonio.rosato@unipd.it.
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rosato
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm / Q000276:immunology; D001324:Autoantigens / Q000276:immunology; D019496:Cancer Vaccines / Q000276:immunology*; D065150:Cellular Reprogramming; D017637:Clonal Deletion; D006801:Humans; D007108:Immune Tolerance; D007111:Immunity, Cellular; D007157:Immunologic Surveillance; D016219:Immunotherapy, Adoptive / Q000379:methods*; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology* / Q000628:therapy; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology* / Q000637:transplantation; D019139:Tumor Escape
chemical_list: D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm; D001324:Autoantigens; D019496:Cancer Vaccines
keywords: Antigen; Cancer; Immunodominance; Immunoediting; Immunotherapy; Virus