title: The relationship between dental implant stability and trabecular bone structure using cone-beam computed tomography.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was to investigate the relationships between primary implant stability as measured by impact response frequency and the structural parameters of trabecular bone using cone-beam computed tomography(CBCT), excluding the effect of cortical bone thickness.
  
  
  METHODS
  We measured the impact response of a dental implant placed into swine bone specimens composed of only trabecular bone without the cortical bone layer using an inductive sensor. The peak frequency of the impact response spectrum was determined as an implant stability criterion (SPF). The 3D microstructural parameters were calculated from CT images of the bone specimens obtained using both micro-CT and CBCT.
  
  
  RESULTS
  SPF had significant positive correlations with trabecular bone structural parameters (BV/TV, BV, BS, BSD, Tb.Th, Tb.N, FD, and BS/BV) (P<0.01) while SPF demonstrated significant negative correlations with other microstructural parameters (Tb.Sp, Tb.Pf, and SMI) using micro-CT and CBCT (P<0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There was an increase in implant stability prediction by combining BV/TV and SMI in the stepwise forward regression analysis. Bone with high volume density and low surface density shows high implant stability. Well-connected thick bone with small marrow spaces also shows high implant stability. The combination of bone density and architectural parameters measured using CBCT can predict the implant stability more accurately than the density alone in clinical diagnoses.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Radiation Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea .
authors.forename: Se-Ryong
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-0016-1790
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea .
authors.forename: Sung-Chul
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-0740-9215
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Bok
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea .
authors.forename: Soon-Chul
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-9846-9936
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea .
authors.forename: Sam-Sun
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-7223-9262
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea .
authors.forename: Min-Suk
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-3406-0645
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Heo
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea .
authors.forename: Kyung-Hoe
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-8771-0392
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Huh
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea .
authors.forename: Tae-Il
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-4087-8021
authors.initials: TI
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea .
authors.forename: Won-Jin
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-5977-6634
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Yi
keywords: Bone and bones; Cone-beam computed tomography; Dental implants; X-ray microtomography