title: Brain Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I Directs the Transition from Stem Cells to Mature Neurons During Postnatal/Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis.
abstract: The specific actions of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and the role of brain-derived IGF-I during hippocampal neurogenesis have not been fully defined. To address the influence of IGF-I on the stages of hippocampal neurogenesis, we studied a postnatal/adult global Igf-I knockout (KO) mice (Igf-I(-/-) ) and a nervous system Igf-I conditional KO (Igf-I(Δ/Δ) ). In both KO mice we found an accumulation of Tbr2(+) -intermediate neuronal progenitors, some of which were displaced in the outer granule cell layer (GCL) and the molecular layer (ML) of the dentate gyrus (DG). Similarly, more ectopic Ki67(+) - cycling cells were detected. Thus, the GCL was disorganized with significant numbers of Prox1(+) -granule neurons outside this layer and altered morphology of radial glial cells (RGCs). Dividing progenitors were also generated in greater numbers in clonal hippocampal stem cell (HPSC) cultures from the KO mice. Indeed, higher levels of Hes5 and Ngn2, transcription factors that maintain the stem and progenitor cell state, were expressed in both HPSCs and the GCL-ML from the Igf-I(Δ/Δ) mice. To determine the impact of Igf-I deletion on neuronal generation in vivo, progenitors in Igf-I(-/-) and Igf-I(+/+) mice were labeled with a GFP-expressing vector. This revealed that in the Igf-I(-/-) mice more GFP(+) -immature neurons were formed and they had less complex dendritic trees. These findings indicate that local IGF-I plays critical roles during postnatal/adult hippocampal neurogenesis, regulating the transition from HPSCs and progenitors to mature granule neurons in a cell stage-dependent manner. Stem Cells 2016;34:2194-2209.
authors.affiliation: Instituto Cajal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC).|Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Vanesa
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Nieto-Estévez
authors.affiliation: Instituto Cajal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC).|Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Carlos O
authors.initials: CO
authors.lastname: Oueslati-Morales
authors.affiliation: Instituto Cajal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC).
authors.forename: Lingling
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Transgenic Core, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pickel
authors.affiliation: Instituto Cajal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC).
authors.forename: Aixa V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Morales
authors.affiliation: Instituto Cajal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC).|Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Vicario-Abejón
mesh_terms: D000375:Aging / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D002452:Cell Count; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000235:genetics; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000235:genetics; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D048430:Cell Shape; D002999:Clone Cells; D018891:Dentate Gyrus / Q000166:cytology; D000089622:Doublecortin Domain Proteins; D017353:Gene Deletion; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000378:metabolism*; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D008869:Microtubule-Associated Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D058953:Neural Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism; D055495:Neurogenesis / Q000235:genetics; D009474:Neurons / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism; D009479:Neuropeptides / Q000378:metabolism; D017526:Receptor, IGF Type 1 / Q000378:metabolism; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D000098551:Prospero-Related Homeobox 1 Protein
chemical_list: D000089622:Doublecortin Domain Proteins; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; D008869:Microtubule-Associated Proteins; D009479:Neuropeptides; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins; D000098551:Prospero-Related Homeobox 1 Protein; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; D017526:Receptor, IGF Type 1
keywords: Brain IGF-I; Conditional knockout; Hippocampus; Neural stem cells; Neurogenesis