title: Hemodynamic Bedside Ultrasound Image Quality and Interpretation After Implementation of a Training Curriculum for Pediatric Critical Care Medicine Providers.
abstract: Bedside ultrasound for hemodynamic evaluation in critically ill children is increasingly recognized as an important skill for pediatric critical care medicine providers. Our institution implemented a training curriculum leading to institutional credentialing for pediatric critical care providers in nonprocedural bedside ultrasound core applications. We hypothesized that hemodynamic studies performed or supervised by credentialed providers (credentialed providers group) have better image quality and greater accuracy in interpretation than studies performed by non-credentialed providers without supervision (non-credentialed providers group).
  
  
  
  Retrospective descriptive study.
  
  
  
  Single-center tertiary non-cardiac 55-bed PICU in a children's hospital.
  
  
  
  Patients from October 2013 to January 2015, with hemodynamic bedside ultrasound performed and interpreted by pediatric critical care providers exposed to bedside ultrasound training.
  
  
  
  A cardiologist blinded to performer scored hemodynamic bedside ultrasound image quality for five core cardiac views (excellent = 3, good = 2, fair = 1, unacceptable = 0; median = quality score) and interpretation within 5 hemodynamic domains (agreement = 3, minor disagreement = 2, major disagreement = 1; median = interpretation score), as well as a global assessment of interpretation.
  
  
  
  Eighty-one studies (45 in the credentialed providers group and 36 in the non-credentialed providers group) were evaluated. There was no statistically significant difference in quality score between groups (median: 1.4 [interquartile range: 0.8-1.8] vs median: 1.2 [interquartile range: 0.75-1.6]; p = 0.14]. Studies in the credentialed providers group had higher interpretation score than those in the non-credentialed providers group (median: 3 [interquartile range: 2.5-3) vs median: 2.67 [interquartile range: 2.25-3]; p = 0.04). Major disagreement between critical care provider and cardiology review occurred in 25 of 283 hemodynamic domains assessed (8.8%), with no statistically significant difference between credentialed providers and non-credentialed providers groups (6.1% vs 11.9%; p = 0.12).
  
  
  
  Hemodynamic bedside ultrasound performed or supervised by credentialed pediatric critical care providers had more accurate interpretation than studies performed by unsupervised non-credentialed providers. A rigorous pediatric critical care medicine bedside ultrasound credentialing program can train intensivists to attain adequate images and interpret those images appropriately.
authors.affiliation: 1Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA. 2Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA. 3Center for Simulation, Advanced Education and Innovation at The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA. 4Division of Cardiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA.
authors.forename: Thomas W
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Conlon
authors.forename: Maki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ishizuka
authors.forename: Adam S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Himebauch
authors.forename: Meryl S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.forename: Robert A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Berg
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nishisaki
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002983:Clinical Competence; D003422:Critical Care / Q000379:methods*; D003479:Curriculum; D004503:Education, Medical, Graduate / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006439:Hemodynamics; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D015278:Intensive Care Units, Pediatric; D008297:Male; D010372:Pediatrics / Q000193:education*; D015143:Philadelphia; D019095:Point-of-Care Systems; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014463:Ultrasonography; D055815:Young Adult