title: Differences in galectin-3, a biomarker of fibrosis, between participants with peripheral artery disease and participants with normal ankle-brachial index.
abstract: The aim of this study was to determine if galectin-3 levels were different between participants with peripheral artery disease (PAD) and controls, and to describe its relationship with markers of early atherosclerosis. Sixty participants were recruited into two groups: a PAD group (n=31), ankle-brachial index (ABI) ⩽0.90 and a normal ABI group (n=29), ABI 1.0-1.4. PAD participants were older (68.6 vs 61.8 years, p=0.037), more commonly men (68% vs 38%, p=0.02), and with more cardiovascular risk factors (p<0.001). Galectin-3 was 22% higher in PAD participants (mean±SD: 17.6±4.7 vs 14.4±4.1 ng/mL, p<0.01). The odds ratio for galectin-3 in PAD to be 1 ng/mL higher than the participants with normal ABI was 1.19, after adjusting by age and gender (p=0.014). High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and homeostatic model assessment (HOMA) were positively associated with galectin-3 in the age- and gender-adjusted model, while arterial elasticity and microalbuminuria were not. In conclusion, galectin-3 levels were higher in participants with PAD.
authors.affiliation: Vascular Medicine Program, Cardiovascular Section, Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center (OUHSC), Oklahoma City, OK, USA casanegra.ana@mayo.edu.
authors.forename: Ana I
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Casanegra
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center (OUHSC), Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
authors.forename: Julie A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Stoner
authors.affiliation: Vascular Medicine, Northshore University Health System, Evanston, IL, USA.
authors.forename: Alfonso J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Tafur
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Cell Biology and Department of Pathology, Oklahoma Center for Neuroscience, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center (OUHSC), Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
authors.forename: H Anne
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Pereira
authors.affiliation: Vascular Medicine Program, Cardiovascular Section, Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center (OUHSC), Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
authors.forename: Suman W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Rathbun
authors.affiliation: Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Donald W. Reynolds Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center (OUHSC), Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
authors.forename: Andrew W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Gardner
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D055109:Ankle Brachial Index; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001798:Blood Proteins; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000032:analysis; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D005355:Fibrosis; D037502:Galectin 3 / Q000097:blood*; D037161:Galectins; D006801:Humans; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D016014:Linear Models; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D058729:Peripheral Arterial Disease / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D015854:Up-Regulation; D059289:Vascular Stiffness
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D001798:Blood Proteins; D037502:Galectin 3; D037161:Galectins; C428445:LGALS3 protein, human; D002097:C-Reactive Protein
keywords: atherosclerosis; biomarker; galectin-3; hs-CRP; peripheral artery disease