title: [Muscle, tendon and joint injections : What is the evidence?].
abstract: Injections at tendon insertions, in muscles and in joints are an important instrument in the conservative treatment of musculoskeletal diseases, for acute injuries as well as for chronic degenerative diseases. Local anesthetic agents and glucocorticoids are well-established medications; however, severe side effects, such as chondrolysis have sometimes been reported, particularly for local anesthetic agents. In addition platelet rich plasma (PRP) and hyaluronic acid are also widely used; however, the clinical effectiveness has not always been proven. This article gives an overview on the most commonly used medications for injections and the mechanisms of action. The indications for treatment and the evidence for the clinical adminstration of muscle, tendon and joint injections are described based on the currently available literature.
authors.affiliation: Orthopädische Klinik und Poliklinik, Doberanerstr. 142, 18057, Universitätsmedizin Rostock, Deutschland.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lenz
authors.affiliation: Chirurgische Klinik, Ernst von Bergmann Hospital, Potsdam/Bad Belzig, Deutschland.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kieb
authors.affiliation: Orthopädische Klinik und Poliklinik, Doberanerstr. 142, 18057, Universitätsmedizin Rostock, Deutschland.|Orthopädiezentrum München Ost, München, Deutschland.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Diehl
authors.affiliation: Klinik für Orthopädie, Unfall- und Handchirurgie, Klinikum Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Deutschland.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Grim
authors.affiliation: Klinik für Sportorthopädie und arthroskopische Chirurgie, Hessing Stiftung, Augsburg, Deutschland.|Abteilung für Sportorthopädie, TU München, München, Deutschland.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vogt
authors.affiliation: Orthopädische Klinik und Poliklinik, Doberanerstr. 142, 18057, Universitätsmedizin Rostock, Deutschland. thomas.tischer@gmx.net.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tischer
mesh_terms: D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D007270:Injections, Intra-Articular / Q000379:methods; D007592:Joint Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D009465:Neuromuscular Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D053657:Platelet-Rich Plasma; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D005938:Glucocorticoids; D009465:Neuromuscular Agents; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid
keywords: Glucocorticoids; Hyaluronic acid; Indications; Local anesthetic; Platelet-rich plasma