title: Design, Synthesis and Evaluation of 5-pyridin-4-yl-2-thioxo-[1,3,4]oxadiazol-3-yl Derivatives as Anti-angiogenic Agents Targeting VEGFR-2.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Angiogenesis is physiological process in embryogenesis, organ development, endometrial vasculature in menstrual cycle and wound healing. Angiogenesis has also been associated with several pathological conditions such as cancer, arthritis, atherosclerosis, etc. Out of the many growth factor responsible for angiogenesis, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is one of the most important and positive regulator of angiogenesis with its distinct specificity for vascular endothelial cells. The current work is the small efforts towards development of newer inhibitor of angiogenesis targeting VEGFR-2.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  With the view to develop inhibitors of angiogenesis, pharmacophore characteristics were used to design aromatic/ heteroaromatic ring containing compounds. These compounds were then docked in to the active side of VEGFR-2 with the aid of docking. They were then synthesize and spectrally characterized and carry out in-vitro and in-vivo anti-angiogenic evaluation studies to ascertain its angiogenesis inhibition potential.
  
  
  RESULTS
  3-substituted-5-(4-pyridin-4yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2-thiones designed as inhibitors of angiogenesis targeting VEGFR2. In docking study, all the molecules showed similar way of binding with VEGFR2 as that of the cocrystallised ligand. Compound 3i and 3j were found to be most active in the series showing good inhibition of angiogenesis in both CAM and in zebrafish embryo assays. The compound 3i was the most active in the series with IC50 of 0.5 μM for VEGR-2.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  To conclude the work we have successfully designed newer inhibitors of angiogenesis targeting VEGFR- 2. These compounds were then screen and found to inhibit angiogenesis of CAM and zebrafish at dose of 1 μM.
authors.forename: Umesh
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Bhanushali
authors.forename: Samidha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kalekar-Joshi
authors.forename: Renuka
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kulkarni-Munshi
authors.forename: Swapna
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yellanki
authors.forename: Raghavender
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Medishetty
authors.forename: Pushkar
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kulkarni
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Bharati Vidyapeeth's College of Pharmacy, C.B.D Belapur, Navi Mumbai 400614, Maharashtra, India. India.
authors.forename: Ramaa Subramanian
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Chelakara
mesh_terms: D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D002645:Chickens; D049033:Chorioallantoic Membrane / Q000098:blood supply / Q000187:drug effects; D015195:Drug Design; D006801:Humans; D062105:Molecular Docking Simulation; D010069:Oxadiazoles / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013871:Thiones / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D040301:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D015027:Zebrafish / Q000196:embryology
chemical_list: D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors; D010069:Oxadiazoles; D013871:Thiones; D040301:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2