title: Serum microRNA-1233 is a specific biomarker for diagnosing acute pulmonary embolism.
abstract: Circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) emerge as novel biomarkers in cardiovascular diseases. Diagnosing acute pulmonary embolism (PE) remains challenging due to a diverse clinical presentation and the lack of specific biomarkers. Here we evaluate serum miRNAs as potential biomarkers in acute PE.
  
  
  
  We enrolled 30 patients with acute, CT (computed tomography)-angiographically confirmed central PE and collected serum samples on the day of emergency room admission (1st day) and from 22 of these patients 9 months thereafter. For comparison, we examined serum samples from patients with acute non ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI, n = 30) and healthy individuals (n = 12).
  
  
  
  We randomly selected 16 out of 30 PE patients and screened sera from the acute (1st day) and chronic stages (9 months) for 754 miRNAs using microarrays and found 37 miRNAs to be differentially regulated. Across all miRNAs, miRNA-1233 displayed the highest fold change (FC) from acute to chronic stage (log2FC 11.5, p < 0.004). We validated miRNA-1233 by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). In acute PE (1st day) we found elevated levels of miRNA-1233 in comparison to NSTEMI (log2FC 5.7, p < 0.0001) and healthy controls (log2FC 7.7, p < 0.0001). miRNA-1233 differentiated acute PE from NSTEMI patients and healthy individuals with 90 and 90 % sensitivity, and 100 and 92 % specificity [area under the curve (AUC) 0.95, p < 0.001 and 0.91, p < 0.001], respectively.
  
  
  
  This is the first report that identifies a miRNA that allows distinguishing acute PE from acute NSTEMI and healthy individuals with high specificity and sensitivity.
authors.affiliation: Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Klinik für Herz- und Kreislauferkrankungen, Technische Universität München, Lazarettstr. 36, 80636, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Thorsten
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kessler
authors.affiliation: Institut für Integrative und Experimentelle Genomik, Universität zu Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.|Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung (DZHK) e.V., partner site Hamburg/Lübeck/Kiel, Lübeck, Germany.
authors.forename: Jeanette
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Erdmann
authors.affiliation: Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Klinik für Herz- und Kreislauferkrankungen, Technische Universität München, Lazarettstr. 36, 80636, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Baiba
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Vilne
authors.affiliation: Institut für Integrative und Experimentelle Genomik, Universität zu Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.
authors.forename: Petra
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bruse
authors.affiliation: Innere Medizin, DRK-Krankenhaus Mölln-Ratzeburg, Ratzeburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Volkhard
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Kurowski
authors.affiliation: Medizinische Klinik II, Westküstenklinikum, Heide, Germany.
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Diemert
authors.affiliation: Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Klinik für Herz- und Kreislauferkrankungen, Technische Universität München, Lazarettstr. 36, 80636, Munich, Germany.|Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung (DZHK) e.V., partner site Munich Heart Alliance (MHA), Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Heribert
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Schunkert
authors.affiliation: Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Klinik für Herz- und Kreislauferkrankungen, Technische Universität München, Lazarettstr. 36, 80636, Munich, Germany. hendrik.sager@tum.de.
authors.forename: Hendrik B
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Sager
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000097:blood*; D008875:Middle Aged; D011655:Pulmonary Embolism / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis*; D012372:ROC Curve; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; C000597075:MIRN-1233 microRNA, human; C569273:MIRN134 microRNA, human; C531388:MIRN27 microRNA, human; D035683:MicroRNAs
keywords: Biomarker; Non ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction micro-RNA; Pulmonary embolism