title: Anxiety and stress among anaesthesiology and critical care residents during high-fidelity simulation sessions.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  High-fidelity simulation (HFS) calls heavily upon cognitive capacities and generates stress and anxiety. The objectives of this prospective, observational study were to assess trait anxiety and fear of negative evaluation (FNE) in anaesthesiology and critical care residents and appraise their state anxiety levels and cardiovascular responses during HFS training sessions.
  
  
  METHODS
  First-year anaesthesiology and critical care residents completed the French-Canadian adaptation of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (IASTA Y-1: state anxiety, IASTA Y-2: trait anxiety) and the French adaptation of the Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale (FNE). Their heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (BP) were assessed before and after the training session.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-three residents (8 women, 15 men) were included in the study. IASTA Y-1 and Y-2 scores were low (respectively 40.2±9.9 and 39.7±8) and FNE scores were moderate (16.7±5.5). HR measurements before and after the training sessions were significantly higher than at rest (respectively 78±19, 80±17 and 63±9b/min; P<0.001). BP measurements before and after the HFS sessions were not significantly different. The IASTA Y-2 and FNE scores of female residents were significantly higher than those of male residents (respectively P=0.004 and P=0.049).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  First-year anaesthesiology and critical care residents had low trait anxiety and FNE. HFS training increased their HR but not their BP. Their state anxiety also remained low. Several differences between individuals were noted, particularly between men and women.
authors.affiliation: Départements d'anesthésie-réanimation, hospices civils de Lyon, 69002 Lyon, France; Centre lyonnais d'enseignement par la simulation en santé (CLESS-SAMSEI), 69373 Lyon, France; Université Claude-Bernard Lyon 1, 69622 Lyon, France. Electronic address: christian.bauer@chu-lyon.fr.
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bauer
authors.affiliation: Départements d'anesthésie-réanimation, hospices civils de Lyon, 69002 Lyon, France; Centre lyonnais d'enseignement par la simulation en santé (CLESS-SAMSEI), 69373 Lyon, France; Université Claude-Bernard Lyon 1, 69622 Lyon, France.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Rimmelé
authors.affiliation: Université Claude-Bernard Lyon 1, 69622 Lyon, France; Hospices civils de Lyon, pôle information médicale évaluation recherche, 69424 Lyon, France.
authors.forename: Antoine
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Duclos
authors.affiliation: Centre lyonnais d'enseignement par la simulation en santé (CLESS-SAMSEI), 69373 Lyon, France; Université Claude-Bernard Lyon 1, 69622 Lyon, France; Hospices civils de Lyon, hôpital Édouard Herriot, cellule d'urgence médico-psychologique, 69003 Lyon, France.
authors.forename: Nathalie
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Prieto
authors.affiliation: Départements d'anesthésie-réanimation, hospices civils de Lyon, 69002 Lyon, France; Centre lyonnais d'enseignement par la simulation en santé (CLESS-SAMSEI), 69373 Lyon, France; Université Claude-Bernard Lyon 1, 69622 Lyon, France.
authors.forename: Jean-Christophe
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Cejka
authors.affiliation: Départements d'anesthésie-réanimation, hospices civils de Lyon, 69002 Lyon, France; Centre lyonnais d'enseignement par la simulation en santé (CLESS-SAMSEI), 69373 Lyon, France; Université Claude-Bernard Lyon 1, 69622 Lyon, France.
authors.forename: Pierre-Yves
authors.initials: PY
authors.lastname: Carry
authors.affiliation: Départements d'anesthésie-réanimation, hospices civils de Lyon, 69002 Lyon, France; Centre lyonnais d'enseignement par la simulation en santé (CLESS-SAMSEI), 69373 Lyon, France; Université Claude-Bernard Lyon 1, 69622 Lyon, France.
authors.forename: Sébastien
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Grousson
authors.affiliation: Départements d'anesthésie-réanimation, hospices civils de Lyon, 69002 Lyon, France; Centre lyonnais d'enseignement par la simulation en santé (CLESS-SAMSEI), 69373 Lyon, France; Université Claude-Bernard Lyon 1, 69622 Lyon, France.
authors.forename: Arnaud
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Friggeri
authors.affiliation: Université Claude-Bernard Lyon 1, 69622 Lyon, France.
authors.forename: Julien
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Secco
authors.affiliation: Départements d'anesthésie-réanimation, hospices civils de Lyon, 69002 Lyon, France; Centre lyonnais d'enseignement par la simulation en santé (CLESS-SAMSEI), 69373 Lyon, France; Université Claude-Bernard Lyon 1, 69622 Lyon, France.
authors.forename: Bernard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bui-Xuan
authors.affiliation: Départements d'anesthésie-réanimation, hospices civils de Lyon, 69002 Lyon, France; Centre lyonnais d'enseignement par la simulation en santé (CLESS-SAMSEI), 69373 Lyon, France; Université Claude-Bernard Lyon 1, 69622 Lyon, France.
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lilot
authors.affiliation: Départements d'anesthésie-réanimation, hospices civils de Lyon, 69002 Lyon, France; Centre lyonnais d'enseignement par la simulation en santé (CLESS-SAMSEI), 69373 Lyon, France; Université Claude-Bernard Lyon 1, 69622 Lyon, France.
authors.forename: Jean-Jacques
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Lehot
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000776:Anesthesiology / Q000193:education*; D001007:Anxiety / Q000523:psychology*; D001794:Blood Pressure; D003422:Critical Care; D005239:Fear / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate; D006801:Humans; D007396:Internship and Residency; D008297:Male; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D016544:Patient Simulation; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology*
keywords: Anxiety; Fear of negative evaluation; High-fidelity simulation; IASTA; Medical education; STAI; Stress