title: Maternal diet quality in pregnancy and neonatal adiposity: the Healthy Start Study.
abstract: Poor maternal diet in pregnancy can influence fetal growth and development. We tested the hypothesis that poor maternal diet quality during pregnancy would increase neonatal adiposity (percent fat mass (%FM)) at birth by increasing the fat mass (FM) component of neonatal body composition.
  
  
  
  Our analysis was conducted using a prebirth observational cohort of 1079 mother-offspring pairs. Pregnancy diet was assessed via repeated Automated Self-Administered 24-h dietary recalls, from which Healthy Eating Index-2010 (HEI-2010) scores were calculated for each mother. HEI-2010 was dichotomized into scores of ⩽57 and >57, with low scores representing poorer diet quality. Neonatal %FM was assessed within 72 h after birth with air displacement plethysmography. Using univariate and multivariate linear models, we analyzed the relationship between maternal diet quality and neonatal %FM, FM, and fat-free mass (FFM) while adjusting for prepregnancy body mass index (BMI), physical activity, maternal age, smoking, energy intake, preeclampsia, hypertension, infant sex and gestational age.
  
  
  
  Total HEI-2010 score ranged between 18.2 and 89.5 (mean: 54.2, s.d.: 13.6). An HEI-2010 score of ⩽57 was significantly associated with higher neonatal %FM (β=0.58, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.07-1.1, P<0.05) and FM (β=20.74; 95% CI 1.49-40.0; P<0.05) but no difference in FFM.
  
  
  
  Poor diet quality during pregnancy increases neonatal adiposity independent of maternal prepregnancy BMI and total caloric intake. This further implicates maternal diet as a potentially important exposure for fetal adiposity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health (CSPH), Aurora, CO, USA.
authors.forename: A L B
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Shapiro
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Nutrition, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA.
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Kaar
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health (CSPH), Aurora, CO, USA.
authors.forename: T L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Crume
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health (CSPH), Aurora, CO, USA.
authors.forename: A P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Starling
authors.affiliation: Departments of Epidemiology and Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Siega-Riz
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, CSPH, Aurora, CO, USA.
authors.forename: B M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Ringham
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, CSPH, Aurora, CO, USA.
authors.forename: D H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Glueck
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health (CSPH), Aurora, CO, USA.
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Norris
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Department of Medicine University of Colorado, Denver, CO, USA.
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Barbour
authors.affiliation: Departments of Pediatrics and Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Denver, CO, USA.
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Friedman
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health (CSPH), Aurora, CO, USA.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Dabelea
mesh_terms: D050154:Adiposity / Q000502:physiology*; D000328:Adult; D001724:Birth Weight / Q000502:physiology; D001786:Blood Glucose; D015992:Body Mass Index; D004032:Diet; D004034:Diet Surveys; D002149:Energy Intake; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D047109:Fetal Development / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D039382:Maternal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D009035:Mothers; D011247:Pregnancy; D039401:Prenatal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose