title: Comparison of Implant Stability Using Resonance Frequency Analysis: Osteotome Versus Conventional Drilling.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Implant primary stability is one of the important factors in achieving implant success. The osteotome technique may improve primary stability in patients with poor bone quality. The aim of this study was to compare implant stability using two different techniques namely osteotome versus conventional drilling in the posterior maxilla.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this controlled randomized clinical trial, 54 dental implants were placed in 32 patients; 29 implants were placed in the osteotome group and 25 in the conventional drilling group. Implant stability was assessed at four time intervals namely at baseline, one, two and three months after implant placement using resonance frequency analysis (RFA).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Primary stability based on implant stability quotient (ISQ) units was 71.4±7 for the osteotome group and 67.4±10 for the control group. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in implant stability at any of the measurement times. In each group, changes in implant stability from baseline to one month and also from two months to three months post-operatively were not significant but from one month to two months after implant placement, implant stability showed a significant increase in both groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of this study revealed that in both techniques, good implant stability was achieved and osteotome technique did not have any advantage compared to conventional drilling in this regard.
authors.affiliation: Assistant Professor, Department of Periodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Rokhsareh
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sadeghi
authors.affiliation: Professor, Dental Implant Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Periodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Amir Reza
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Rokn
authors.affiliation: Associate Professor, Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Asghar
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Miremadi
keywords: Bone; Dental Implants; Maxilla; Osteotomy