title: Bioavailability of long chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids from phospholipid-rich herring roe oil in men and women with mildly elevated triacylglycerols.
abstract: This randomized, single-blind, crossover trial assessed the bioavailability of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) from two different sources, each examined over a 12h period following consumption of a single serving and after 2-weeks of daily supplementation. Thirty-two adults with fasting triacylglycerol (TAG) concentrations between 100 and 399mg/dL were randomly assigned, with stratification by sex and age, to receive 12 capsules/day containing either phospholipid (PL)-rich herring roe oil (Romega® 30, 628mg/day EPA; 1810mg/day DHA; 137mg/day DPA) or TAG-rich fish oil (575mg/day EPA; 1843mg/day DHA; 259mg/day DPA) each for a 2-week period separated by a 4 week washout. The net incremental area under the curve from 0 to 12h for EPA, DHA, and EPA+DHA in plasma phosphatidylcholine (PC) were significantly higher (p<0.01 for all) after Romega 30 supplementation compared to fish oil. Similar results were observed when the data for the Romega 30 condition were normalized to fish oil EPA and DHA intakes (p<0.001 for all). After the 2-week supplementation period, fasting plasma PC EPA+ DHA was elevated by ~2.8 to 3.0-fold relative to baseline in both conditions (p<0.0001 for each), but there was no significant difference in the change from baseline (p=0.422) between Romega 30 (baseline=62.2±3.8µg/mL vs. end of study=172.9±11.7µg/mL) and fish oil (baseline=62.0±3.4µg/mL vs. end of study=185.4±11.2µg/mL) conditions. Similar results were observed for each individual LC n-3 PUFA in plasma PC after 2 weeks of supplementation. These data demonstrate that PL-rich herring roe is a well-tolerated and bioavailable source of LC n-3 PUFA.
authors.affiliation: Biofortis Clinical Research, Addison, IL, United States. Electronic address: chad.cook@mxns.com.
authors.forename: Chad M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Cook
authors.affiliation: Arctic Nutrition AS, Ørsta N-6155, Norway.
authors.forename: Hogne
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hallaråker
authors.affiliation: Arctic Nutrition AS, Ørsta N-6155, Norway.
authors.forename: Per Christian
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Sæbø
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada V5Z4H4; Child and Family Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada V5Z4H4.
authors.forename: Sheila M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Innis
authors.affiliation: Biofortis Clinical Research, Addison, IL, United States.
authors.forename: Kathleen M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Kelley
authors.affiliation: Biofortis Clinical Research, Addison, IL, United States.
authors.forename: Kristen D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Sanoshy
authors.affiliation: Arctic Nutrition AS, Ørsta N-6155, Norway.
authors.forename: Alvin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Berger
authors.affiliation: Biofortis Clinical Research, Addison, IL, United States.
authors.forename: Kevin C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Maki
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001682:Biological Availability; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004281:Docosahexaenoic Acids / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D015118:Eicosapentaenoic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3 / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D005260:Female; D005395:Fish Oils / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010743:Phospholipids / Q000097:blood*; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated; D005395:Fish Oils; D010743:Phospholipids; D014280:Triglycerides; D004281:Docosahexaenoic Acids; D015118:Eicosapentaenoic Acid; C026219:docosapentaenoic acid
keywords: DHA; EPA; Omega-3 fatty acids; fish oil; phosphatidylcholine