title: The interplay between human herpes simplex virus infection and the apoptosis and necroptosis cell death pathways.
abstract: Human herpes simplex virus (HSV) is a ubiquitous human pathogen that establishes a lifelong latent infection and is associated with mucocutaneous lesions. In multicellular organisms, cell death is a crucial host defense mechanism that eliminates pathogen-infected cells. Apoptosis is a well-defined form of programmed cell death executed by a group of cysteine proteases, called caspases. Studies have shown that HSV has evolved strategies to counteract caspase activation and apoptosis by encoding anti-apoptotic viral proteins such as gD, gJ, Us3, LAT, and the ribonucleotide reductase large subunit (R1). Recently, necroptosis has been identified as a regulated form of necrosis that can be invoked in the absence of caspase activity. Receptor-interacting kinase 3 (RIP3 or RIPK3) has emerged as a central signaling molecule in necroptosis; it is activated via interaction with other RIP homotypic interaction motif (RHIM)-containing proteins such as RIP1 (or RIPK1). There is increasing evidence that HSV R1 manipulates necroptosis via the RHIM-dependent inactivation or activation ofRIP3 in a species-specific manner. This review summarizes the current understanding of the interplay between HSV infection and cell death pathways, with an emphasis on apoptosis and necroptosis.
authors.affiliation: Cyrus Tang Hematology Center and Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow UniversitY, Suzhou, China.|Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
authors.forename: Xiaoliang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Cyrus Tang Hematology Center and Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow UniversitY, Suzhou, China. hesudan@suda.edu.cn.|Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, China. hesudan@suda.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Sudan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: He
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis; D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D016923:Cell Death; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions; D006801:Humans; D057131:Immune Evasion; D018139:Simplexvirus / Q000276:immunology* / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; D014764:Viral Proteins
keywords: Apoptosis; Cell death; Herpes simplex virus; Host defense; Necroptosis