title: EBI2 augments Tfh cell fate by promoting interaction with IL-2-quenching dendritic cells.
abstract: T follicular helper (Tfh) cells are a subset of T cells carrying the CD4 antigen; they are important in supporting plasma cell and germinal centre responses. The initial induction of Tfh cell properties occurs within the first few days after activation by antigen recognition on dendritic cells, although how dendritic cells promote this cell-fate decision is not fully understood. Moreover, although Tfh cells are uniquely defined by expression of the follicle-homing receptor CXCR5 (refs 1, 2), the guidance receptor promoting the earlier localization of activated T cells at the interface of the B-cell follicle and T zone has been unclear. Here we show that the G-protein-coupled receptor EBI2 (GPR183) and its ligand 7α,25-dihydroxycholesterol mediate positioning of activated CD4 T cells at the interface of the follicle and T zone. In this location they interact with activated dendritic cells and are exposed to Tfh-cell-promoting inducible co-stimulator (ICOS) ligand. Interleukin-2 (IL-2) is a cytokine that has multiple influences on T-cell fate, including negative regulation of Tfh cell differentiation. We demonstrate that activated dendritic cells in the outer T zone further augment Tfh cell differentiation by producing membrane and soluble forms of CD25, the IL-2 receptor α-chain, and quenching T-cell-derived IL-2. Mice lacking EBI2 in T cells or CD25 in dendritic cells have reduced Tfh cells and mount defective T-cell-dependent plasma cell and germinal centre responses. These findings demonstrate that distinct niches within the lymphoid organ T zone support distinct cell fate decisions, and they establish a function for dendritic-cell-derived CD25 in controlling IL-2 availability and T-cell differentiation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, USA.|Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, USA.|Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Jianhua
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, USA.|Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, USA.
authors.forename: Erick
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, USA.|Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, USA.
authors.forename: Tangsheng
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yi
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, USA.|Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, USA.
authors.forename: Jason G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Cyster
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000378:metabolism; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology*; D005260:Female; D018858:Germinal Center / Q000276:immunology; D006888:Hydroxycholesterols / Q000378:metabolism; D060889:Inducible T-Cell Co-Stimulator Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000276:immunology*; D053645:Interleukin-2 Receptor alpha Subunit / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000172:deficiency / Q000378:metabolism; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D010950:Plasma Cells / Q000276:immunology; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D012995:Solubility; D006377:T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer / Q000166:cytology* / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: C543809:Gpr183 protein, mouse; D006888:Hydroxycholesterols; D060889:Inducible T-Cell Co-Stimulator Protein; D007376:Interleukin-2; D053645:Interleukin-2 Receptor alpha Subunit; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled; C057657:7,25-dihydroxycholesterol