title: Beyond the brain: Optogenetic control in the spinal cord and peripheral nervous system.
abstract: Optogenetics offers promise for dissecting the complex neural circuits of the spinal cord and peripheral nervous system and has therapeutic potential for addressing unmet clinical needs. Much progress has been made to enable optogenetic control in normal and disease states, both in proof-of-concept and mechanistic studies in rodent models. In this Review, we discuss challenges in using optogenetics to study the mammalian spinal cord and peripheral nervous system, synthesize common features that unite the work done thus far, and describe a route forward for the successful application of optogenetics to translational research beyond the brain.
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
authors.forename: Kate L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Montgomery
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
authors.forename: Shrivats M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Iyer
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
authors.forename: Amelia J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Christensen
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
authors.forename: Karl
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Deisseroth
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. delp@stanford.edu.
authors.forename: Scott L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Delp
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D062308:Optogenetics / Q000379:methods*; D017933:Peripheral Nervous System / Q000378:metabolism*; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000378:metabolism*