title: Metabonomics Approach to Assessing the Metabolism Variation and Endoexogenous Metabolic Interaction of Ginsenosides in Cold Stress Rats.
abstract: Metabolic profiling technology, a massive information provider, has promoted the understanding of the metabolism of multicomponent medicines and its interactions with endogenous metabolites, which was previously a challenge in clarification. In this study, an untargeted GC/MS-based approach was employed to investigate the urinary metabolite profile in rats with oral administration of ginsenosides and the control group. Significant changes of urinary metabolites contents were observed in the total ginsenosides group, revealing the impact of ginsenosides as indicated by the up- or down-regulation of several pathways involving neurotransmitter-related metabolites, tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, fatty acids β-oxidation, and intestinal microflora metabolites. Meanwhile, a targeted UPLC-QQQ/MS-based metabonomic approach was developed to investigate the changes of urinary ginsenoside metabolites during the process of acute cold stress. Metabolic analysis indicated that upstream ginsenosides (rg1, re, and rf) increased significantly, whereas downstream ginsenosides (ck, ppd, and ppt) decreased correspondingly after cold exposure. Finally, the relationships between ginsenosides and significantly changed metabolites were investigated by correlation analysis.
authors.affiliation: Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine and ‡Instrumental Analysis Center of SJTU, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Zhihao
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine and ‡Instrumental Analysis Center of SJTU, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Xiaoyan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine and ‡Instrumental Analysis Center of SJTU, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Jingcheng
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine and ‡Instrumental Analysis Center of SJTU, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Zhiying
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Jia
authors.affiliation: Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine and ‡Instrumental Analysis Center of SJTU, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Yumin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine and ‡Instrumental Analysis Center of SJTU, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Xie
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.affiliation: Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine and ‡Instrumental Analysis Center of SJTU, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Chongchong
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine and ‡Instrumental Analysis Center of SJTU, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Jia
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D058639:Cold-Shock Response; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D036145:Ginsenosides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D053858:Metabolic Networks and Pathways / Q000187:drug effects; D055432:Metabolomics / Q000379:methods; D051381:Rats; D014556:Urine / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D036145:Ginsenosides
keywords: GC/MS; UPLC-QQQ/MS; acute cold stress; ginsenosides; metabonomics