title: Clinical Characteristics, Oral Anticoagulation Patterns, and Outcomes of Medicaid Patients With Atrial Fibrillation: Insights From the Outcomes Registry for Better Informed Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation (ORBIT-AF I) Registry.
abstract: Whereas insurance status has been previously associated with care patterns, little is currently known about the association between Medicaid insurance and the clinical characteristics, treatment, or outcomes of patients with atrial fibrillation (AF).
  
  
  
  We used data from adults with AF enrolled in the Outcomes Registry for Better Informed Treatment of AF (ORBIT-AF), a national outpatient registry conducted at 176 community, multispecialty sites. The primary outcome of interest was the proportion of patients prescribed any oral anticoagulation (OAC; warfarin or novel oral anticoagulants [NOAC]). Secondary outcomes of interest included the proportion of patients prescribed NOACs (dabigatran or rivaroxaban); time in therapeutic range (TTR) for warfarin users, all-cause mortality, stroke/systemic embolism, and major bleed. Of 10 133 patients, N=470 (4.6%) had Medicaid insurance. Medicaid patients were similarly likely to receive OAC at baseline (72.8% vs 76.3%; unadjusted P=0.079), but less likely to receive NOAC at baseline or follow-up (12.1% vs 16.3%; unadjusted P=0.019). After risk adjustment, Medicaid status was associated with lower use of OAC at baseline among patients with high stroke risk (odds ratio [OR]=0.68; 95% CI=0.49, 0.94), but was not associated with OAC use overall (OR=0.82; 95% CI=0.61, 1.09). Among warfarin users, median TTR was lower among Medicaid patients (60% vs 68%; P<0.0001; adjusted TTR difference, -2.9; 95% CI=-5.7, -0.2; P=0.04). Use of an NOAC over 2 years of follow-up was not statistically different by insurance. Compared with non-Medicaid patients, Medicaid patients had higher unadjusted rates of mortality, stroke/systemic embolism, and major bleeding; however, these differences were attenuated following adjustment for clinical characteristics.
  
  
  
  In a contemporary AF cohort, use of OAC overall and use of NOACs were not significantly lower among Medicaid patients relative to others. However, among warfarin users, Medicaid patients spent less time in therapeutic range compared with those with other forms of insurance.
authors.affiliation: Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC emily.obrien@duke.edu.
authors.forename: Emily C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: O'Brien
authors.affiliation: Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC.
authors.forename: Sunghee
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC.
authors.forename: Laine
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.affiliation: UCLA Division of Cardiology, Los Angeles, CA.
authors.forename: Gregg C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Fonarow
authors.affiliation: Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, PA.
authors.forename: Peter R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Kowey
authors.affiliation: Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA.
authors.forename: Kenneth W
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Mahaffey
authors.affiliation: Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN.
authors.forename: Bernard J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Gersh
authors.affiliation: Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC.
authors.forename: Jonathan P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Piccini
authors.affiliation: Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC.
authors.forename: Eric D
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: Peterson
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001281:Atrial Fibrillation / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D002423:Cause of Death; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D000069604:Dabigatran / Q000627:therapeutic use; D029721:Drosophila Proteins; D004617:Embolism / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005260:Female; D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000139:chemically induced*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008484:Medicaid; D008875:Middle Aged; D009026:Mortality; D012042:Registries; D000069552:Rivaroxaban / Q000627:therapeutic use; D020521:Stroke / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D014157:Transcription Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014481:United States; D014859:Warfarin / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D029721:Drosophila Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors; C066735:odd protein, Drosophila; D014859:Warfarin; D000069552:Rivaroxaban; D000069604:Dabigatran
keywords: Medicaid; anticoagulation; atrial fibrillation; quality of care; stroke prevention