title: A Computer-Aided Diagnosis System for Measuring Carotid Artery Intima-Media Thickness (IMT) Using Quaternion Vectors.
abstract: This study aims investigating adjustable distant fuzzy c-means segmentation on carotid Doppler images, as well as quaternion-based convolution filters and saliency mapping procedures. We developed imaging software that will simplify the measurement of carotid artery intima-media thickness (IMT) on saliency mapping images. Additionally, specialists evaluated the present images and compared them with saliency mapping images. In the present research, we conducted imaging studies of 25 carotid Doppler images obtained by the Department of Cardiology at Fırat University. After implementing fuzzy c-means segmentation and quaternion-based convolution on all Doppler images, we obtained a model that can be analyzed easily by the doctors using a bottom-up saliency model. These methods were applied to 25 carotid Doppler images and then interpreted by specialists. In the present study, we used color-filtering methods to obtain carotid color images. Saliency mapping was performed on the obtained images, and the carotid artery IMT was detected and interpreted on the obtained images from both methods and the raw images are shown in Results. Also these results were investigated by using Mean Square Error (MSE) for the raw IMT images and the method which gives the best performance is the Quaternion Based Saliency Mapping (QBSM). 0,0014 and 0,000191 mm(2) MSEs were obtained for artery lumen diameters and plaque diameters in carotid arteries respectively. We found that computer-based image processing methods used on carotid Doppler could aid doctors' in their decision-making process. We developed software that could ease the process of measuring carotid IMT for cardiologists and help them to evaluate their findings.
authors.affiliation: Engineering Faculty, Electrical & Electronics Engineering Department, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Uğurhan
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Kutbay
authors.affiliation: Engineering Faculty, Electrical & Electronics Engineering Department, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey. hardalac@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Fırat
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Hardalaç
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Fırat University, Elazığ, Turkey.
authors.forename: Mehmet
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Akbulut
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiodiagnostic, Fırat University, Elazığ, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ünsal
authors.initials: Ü
authors.lastname: Akaslan
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiodiagnostic, Fırat University, Elazığ, Turkey.
authors.forename: Selami
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Serhatlıoğlu
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D059168:Carotid Intima-Media Thickness; D003936:Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted
keywords: Biomedical image processing; Carotid artery intima-media thickness (IMT); Diagnosis system; Quaternion; Saliency map