title: Extraction and Separation of Active Ingredients in Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill and the Study of their Antifungal Effects.
abstract: Schisandra chinensis extracts (SEs) have traditionally been used as an oriental medicine for the treatment of various human diseases, however, their further application in the biocontrol of plant disease remains poorly understood. This study was conducted to develop eco-friendly botanical pesticides from extracts of S. chinensis and assess whether they could play a key role in plant disease defense. Concentrated active fractions (SE-I, SE-II, and SE-III) were obtained from S. chinensis via specific extraction and separation. Then, lignan-like substances, such as Schisanhenol B, were detected via High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-ElectroSpray Ionization-Mass Spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS) analyses of the active fractions. Moreover, the results from biological tests on colony growth inhibition and spore germination indicated that SE-I, SE-II, and SE-III could inhibit hyphal growth and spore generation of three important plant pathogenic fungi (Monilinia fructicola, Fusarium oxysporum, and Botryosphaeria dothidea). The study of the mechanisms of resistant fungi revealed that the oxidation resistance system, including reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD), was activated. The expression of genes related to defense, such as pathogenesis-related protein (PR4), α-farnesene synthase (AFS), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), and phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) were shown to be up-regulated after treatment with SEs, which suggested an increase in apple immunity and that fruits were induced to effectively defend against the infection of pathogenic fungi (B. dothidea). This study revealed that SEs and their lignans represent promising resources for the development of safe, effective, and multi-targeted agents against pathogenic fungi.
authors.affiliation: Plant Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China.|Beijing Key Laboratory of New Technology in Agriculture Application, Beijing University of Agriculture, 102206, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Haijing
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yi
authors.affiliation: Plant Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China.|Beijing Key Laboratory of New Technology in Agriculture Application, Beijing University of Agriculture, 102206, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Plant Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China.|Beijing Key Laboratory of New Technology in Agriculture Application, Beijing University of Agriculture, 102206, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Plant Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China.|Beijing Key Laboratory of New Technology in Agriculture Application, Beijing University of Agriculture, 102206, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China.
authors.forename: Weilie
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.affiliation: Plant Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China.|Beijing Key Laboratory of New Technology in Agriculture Application, Beijing University of Agriculture, 102206, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Yuncong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yao
mesh_terms: D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid; D032141:Schisandra / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000254:growth & development; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization; D013056:Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents