title: Biofilms and Cyclic di-GMP (c-di-GMP) Signaling: Lessons from Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Other Bacteria.
abstract: The cyclic di-GMP (c-di-GMP) second messenger represents a signaling system that regulates many bacterial behaviors and is of key importance for driving the lifestyle switch between motile loner cells and biofilm formers. This review provides an up-to-date compendium of c-di-GMP pathways connected to biofilm formation, biofilm-associated motilities, and other functionalities in the ubiquitous and opportunistic human pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa This bacterium is frequently adopted as a model organism to study bacterial biofilm formation. Importantly, its versatility and adaptation capabilities are linked with a broad range of complex regulatory networks, including a large set of genes involved in c-di-GMP biosynthesis, degradation, and transmission.
authors.affiliation: MRC Centre for Molecular Microbiology and Infection, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom. Electronic address: m.valentini@imperial.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Martina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Valentini
authors.affiliation: MRC Centre for Molecular Microbiology and Infection, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom. Electronic address: a.filloux@imperial.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Alain
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Filloux
mesh_terms: D001419:Bacteria / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D018441:Biofilms / Q000254:growth & development*; D053898:Biosynthetic Pathways / Q000235:genetics; D006152:Cyclic GMP / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008954:Models, Biological; D011550:Pseudomonas aeruginosa / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D015290:Second Messenger Systems / Q000502:physiology*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; C062025:bis(3',5')-cyclic diguanylic acid; D006152:Cyclic GMP
keywords: Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa); antibiotic resistance; biofilm; cyclic di-GMP (c-di-GMP); signaling