title: Measurements of bone mineral density and stiffness index in young Saudi females.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the ability to use Quantitative Ultrasonography (QUS) densitometer for screening of osteoporosis and osteopenia by comparing QUS values obtained at the calcaneus region to bone mineral density (BMD) values measured at the spine and the neck of the femur using Dual Energy X-ray Absorbemetry (DXA).
  
  
  METHODS
  QUS (in the calcaneus region) and DXA (the spine and the neck of femur respectively) measurements were performed in 101 females.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The precision of the QUS parameters varied from 1.77-1.78, whereas the reliability ranged from 92.2%-98.6%. For the QUS parameters variability between subjects was greater than that within subjects. Positive correlation were found between stiffness index (SI) and BMDspine and BMDN.femur (r= 0.29 & r=0.25 respectively, P < 0.05) and a strong positive correlation between T-scorecalcaneus and both T-scoreSpine and T-scoreN.femur (r= 0.5 & r=0.58 respectively, P < 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  QUS is a reliable technique to be used in combination with DXA for the investigation of osteopenia and osteoporosis.
authors.affiliation: Dr. Lina Fahmi Hammad, Department of Radiological Science, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Lina Fahmi
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Hammad
keywords: BMD; DXA; QUS; SI; Saudi Female; T-score