title: Feedback Amplification of Neutrophil Function.
abstract: As the first line of innate immune defense, neutrophils need to mount a rapid and robust antimicrobial response. Recent studies implicate various positive feedback amplification processes in achieving that goal. Feedback amplification ensures effective migration of neutrophils in shallow chemotactic gradients, multiple waves of neutrophil recruitment to the site of inflammation, and the augmentation of various effector functions of the cells. We review here such positive feedback loops including intracellular and autocrine processes, paracrine effects mediated by lipid (LTB4), chemokine, and cytokine mediators, and bidirectional interactions with the complement system and with other immune and non-immune cells. These amplification mechanisms are not only involved in antimicrobial immunity but also contribute to neutrophil-mediated tissue damage under pathological conditions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University School of Medicine, 1094 Budapest, Hungary; MTA-SE 'Lendület' Inflammation Physiology Research Group of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences and Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary. Electronic address: nemeth.tamas@med.semmelweis-univ.hu.
authors.forename: Tamás
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Németh
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University School of Medicine, 1094 Budapest, Hungary; MTA-SE 'Lendület' Inflammation Physiology Research Group of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences and Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary. Electronic address: mocsai.attila@med.semmelweis-univ.hu.
authors.forename: Attila
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mócsai
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002450:Cell Communication; D002633:Chemotaxis; D003165:Complement System Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D025461:Feedback, Physiological; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D007239:Infections / Q000276:immunology*; D007249:Inflammation / Q000276:immunology*; D007975:Leukotriene B4 / Q000378:metabolism; D018375:Neutrophil Activation; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D007975:Leukotriene B4; D003165:Complement System Proteins