title: Investigation of low back and shoulder demand during cardiopulmonary resuscitation.
abstract: Limited research has examined the effect of different compression-ventilation ratios on the ergonomic demand of performing cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) over time. This study aimed to compare the biomechanical demand of performing continuous chest compression CPR (CCC-CPR) and standard CPR (30:2 compression to breath ratio). Fifteen CPR certified individuals performed both standard CPR and CCC-CPR, randomly assigned, for three 2-min periods. Trunk and upper limb muscle activation, lumbar spine posture and compression force applied to a testing mannequin chest were measured throughout each CPR trial. No differences in muscle activation of spine posture were observed, however chest compression force decreased over the two minutes (p < 0.0001). Further, this drop in force was larger and initiated immediately during the CCC-CPR trials. This immediate drop in force during the CCC-CPR trials may be an anticipatory adjustment in order to be able to sustain continuous compressions for the full 2 min duration.
authors.affiliation: Department of Kinesiology and Physical Education, Wilfrid Laurier University, 75 University Ave West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3C5, Canada.
authors.forename: R Scott
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Dainty
authors.affiliation: Department of Kinesiology and Physical Education, Wilfrid Laurier University, 75 University Ave West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3C5, Canada; Department of Health Sciences, Wilfrid Laurier University, 75 University Ave West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3C5, Canada. Electronic address: dgregory@wlu.ca.
authors.forename: Diane E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Gregory
mesh_terms: D000071596:Abdominal Oblique Muscles / Q000502:physiology; D000328:Adult; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D016887:Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation; D004576:Electromyography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008159:Lumbar Vertebrae / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D008348:Manikins; D008875:Middle Aged; D018763:Muscle Fatigue; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000502:physiology*; D064170:Paraspinal Muscles / Q000502:physiology; D010369:Pectoralis Muscles / Q000502:physiology; D005082:Physical Exertion; D011187:Posture; D017568:Rectus Abdominis / Q000502:physiology; D014160:Transducers, Pressure; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Biomechanics; CPR; Electromyography; Experience; Spine