title: Changes over 12 months in eye glances during secondary task engagement among novice drivers.
abstract: During their first year of driving, crash rates among novice drivers are very high but decline rapidly. However, it is not clear what skills or knowledge they are acquiring in this period. Secondary task engagement while driving is a contributing factor to many traffic collisions and some of the elevated crash risk among novices could be explained by greater prevalence or longer periods of eyes off the road while engaging in these non-driving tasks. The current study looked at the eye glances of novice teen drivers engaging in secondary tasks on a test track at 0 and 12 months of licensure and compared their performance with their parents. Novices improved from 0 to 12 months on their longest single glance off the forward roadway and total percentage of time for eyes off the forward roadway, but parents remained stable. Compared with their parents, the longest single glance off the forward roadway was longer for novices at 0 months, but by 12 months there was no difference between the groups. However, for total percentage of time for eyes off the forward roadway, novices performed the same as their parents at 0 months and actually had shorter times at 12 months. These findings could reflect the combined development of driving skills over 12 months and the relative experience that modern teenagers have with portable electronic devices. The results suggest that novice drivers are particularly poor at engaging with secondary tasks while driving.
authors.affiliation: Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institute of Health, 6100 Executive Blvd, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States. Electronic address: obrienfk@mail.nih.gov.
authors.forename: Fearghal
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: O'Brien
authors.affiliation: Virginia Tech Transportation Institute, 3500 Transportation Research Plaza, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States.
authors.forename: Sheila G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Klauer
authors.affiliation: Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institute of Health, 6100 Executive Blvd, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States.
authors.forename: Johnathon
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ehsani
authors.affiliation: Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institute of Health, 6100 Executive Blvd, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States.
authors.forename: Bruce G
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: Simons-Morton
mesh_terms: D000063:Accidents, Traffic / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D000293:Adolescent; D000294:Adolescent Behavior / Q000523:psychology*; D001288:Attention; D001334:Automobile Driving / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005133:Eye Movements / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011597:Psychomotor Performance; D013997:Time Factors; D014768:Virginia
keywords: Experience; Eye glances; Secondary task engagement; Test track; Young novice drivers