title: Prevalence of anxiety and depression among doctors; the unscreened and undiagnosed clientele in Lahore, Pakistan.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To analyze prevalence of anxiety and depression among doctors serving in a tertiary care hospital in Lahore, with a study of impact of relevant demographic features.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross sectional study was conducted at Combined Military Hospital, Lahore, from February 2014 to Jan 2015. Participants were doctors serving in subject hospital for at least six months duration. Standardized Hospital Anxiety Depression Score (HADS) inventory was selected as inventory. Formal approval from hospital ethical committee and written informed consent from participants were obtained. Demographic characteristics of participants were recorded as independent variables; anxiety and depression scores being outcome variables. Data analysis was done via descriptive statistics (SPSS-20), qualitative data expressed as frequencies, percentages; quantitative as mean ± standard deviation(SD). Cross tabulation was done via chi-square, p-value < 0.05 considered as significant.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Out of 203 volunteers, 97(47.78%) responded. Score of anxiety was 7.04±4.470, maximum being 19, scores of depression was 4.94±3.605, maximum score being 15. Mild to moderate anxiety and depression were revealed in 33(34%) and 24(24.8%) respectively, while 7(7.2%) and 1(1.0%) had severe anxiety and depression respectively. There was strong positive relation between anxiety and depression (p<0.001). There was significant impact of service years on depression (p-0.011) and gender on anxiety (p-0.002), 9(17.31%) males and 24(53.33%) females had mild to moderate anxiety while 4(7.69%) males and 3(6.66%) females revealed severe anxiety and other variables did not reveal significant impact on HADS scores.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Doctors showed high grades of anxiety and depression. They must be promptly screened and managed at all medical institutions.
authors.affiliation: Dr. Khaula Atif, MBBS, MCPS (Family-Medicine), DPH, DMA. Department of General Administration, Combined Military Hospital, Peshawar Cantonment, Khyber Pakhtun Khwah, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Khaula
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Atif
authors.affiliation: Dr. Habib Ullah Khan, MBBS, FCPS (General Surgery), FCPS (Neurosurgery). Department of Neurosurgery, Combined Military Hospital, Abbotabad Cantonment, Khyber Pakhtun Khwah, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Habib Ullah
authors.initials: HU
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.affiliation: Dr. Muhammad Zia Ullah, MBBS, MCPS (Family Medicine). Department of General Administration, Combined Military Hospital, Peshawar Cantonment, Khyber Pakhtun Khwah, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Muhammad Zia
authors.initials: MZ
authors.lastname: Ullah
authors.affiliation: Dr. Farrukh Saleem Shah, MBBS, FCPS (Psychiatry). Department of Psychiatry, PNS Shifa Hospital, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Farrukh Saleem
authors.initials: FS
authors.lastname: Shah
authors.affiliation: Dr. Abdul Latif, MBBS, FCPS Trainee (Medicine). Department of Medicine, Khyber Teaching Hospital, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtun Khwah, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Abdul
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Latif
keywords: Developing Countries; Health Care Professional; Physician; Psychological Stress