title: Small Intestinal Infections.
abstract: Small intestinal infections are extremely common worldwide. They may be bacterial, viral, or parasitic in etiology. Most are foodborne or waterborne, with specific etiologies differing by region and with diverse pathophysiologies. Very young, very old, and immune-deficient individuals are the most vulnerable to morbidity or mortality from small intestinal infections. There have been significant advances in diagnostic sophistication with the development and early application of molecular diagnostic assays, though these tests have not become mainstream. The lack of rapid diagnoses combined with the self-limited nature of small intestinal infections has hampered the development of specific and effective treatments other than oral rehydration. Antibiotics are not indicated in the absence of an etiologic diagnosis, and not at all in the case of some infections.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine and Division of Gastroenterology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Mount Sinai Health System, Mount Sinai St. Luke's and Mount Sinai West Hospitals, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Khushboo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Munot
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine and Division of Gastroenterology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Mount Sinai Health System, Mount Sinai St. Luke's and Mount Sinai West Hospitals, New York, NY, USA. dkotler@chpnet.org.
authors.forename: Donald P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Kotler
mesh_terms: D003428:Cross Infection / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000382:microbiology / Q000628:therapy; D003967:Diarrhea / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D005517:Foodborne Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000382:microbiology / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D016867:Immunocompromised Host; D007410:Intestinal Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000628:therapy; D007421:Intestine, Small / Q000382:microbiology*; D014195:Travel; D000069578:Waterborne Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000382:microbiology / Q000628:therapy
keywords: Diarrhea; Dysentery; Epidemiology; Foodborne infections; Molecular diagnostics; Nosocomial infections; Traveler’s diarrhea