title: Oral versus vaginal prostaglandin for labor induction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the efficacy and safety of oral prostaglandin (PG) in solution versus vaginal PG gel for labor induction.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data from original obstetric records at a university hospital in Sweden 2012-2013.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In all women, oral PG resulted in vaginal birth (VB) < 24 h in 66% compared to 80% with vaginal PG (p < 0.001), and cesarean section (CS) in 19% versus 32% (p = 0.02). In primiparous women, oral PG was followed by VB  <24 h in 54% compared to 71% (p = 0.01), and CS in 25% versus 41% (p = 0.03). In women with an unripe cervix, oral PG lead to VB  <24 h in 66% compared to 79% (p = 0.01), and CS in 21% versus 33% (p = 0.04). Despite a longer induction to vaginal delivery interval with oral PG, the rates of obstetric bleeding, chorioamnionitis, and neonatal asphyxia were not increased.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Oral PG in solution was less effective than vaginal PG gel in achieving VB  <24 h. However, oral PG was safer, since it resulted in fewer CSs without increasing maternal morbidity or neonatal asphyxia.
authors.affiliation: a Educational Programme in Gynecology and Obstetrics and.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Thorbiörnson
authors.affiliation: b Department of Women's and Children's Health , Karolinska Institute , Stockholm , Sweden.
authors.forename: Tomislav
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Vladic
authors.affiliation: b Department of Women's and Children's Health , Karolinska Institute , Stockholm , Sweden.
authors.forename: Ylva Vladic
authors.initials: YV
authors.lastname: Stjernholm
mesh_terms: D000282:Administration, Intravaginal; D000284:Administration, Oral; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002585:Cesarean Section / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D015232:Dinoprostone / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007751:Labor, Induced / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008875:Middle Aged; D016595:Misoprostol / Q000008:administration & dosage; D010120:Oxytocics / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome / Q000453:epidemiology; D011453:Prostaglandins / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013548:Sweden / Q000453:epidemiology; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D010120:Oxytocics; D011453:Prostaglandins; D016595:Misoprostol; D015232:Dinoprostone
keywords: Cesarean section; dinoprostone; misoprostol; vaginal birth