title: Emerging Applications of Abdominal 4D Flow MRI.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Comprehensive assessment of abdominal hemodynamics is crucial for many clinical diagnoses but is challenged by a tremendous complexity of anatomy, normal physiology, and a wide variety of pathologic abnormalities. This article introduces 4D flow MRI as a powerful technique for noninvasive assessment of the hemodynamics of abdominal vascular territories.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Four-dimensional flow MRI provides clinicians with a more extensive and straightforward approach to evaluate disorders that affect blood flow in the abdomen. This review presents a series of clinical cases to illustrate the utility of 4D flow MRI in the comprehensive assessment of the abdominal circulation.
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin Madison, 1111 Highland Ave, 2494 WIMR2, Madison, WI 53705.|2 Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI.|3 Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI.
authors.forename: Alejandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Roldán-Alzate
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin Madison, 1111 Highland Ave, 2494 WIMR2, Madison, WI 53705.
authors.forename: Christopher J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Francois
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin Madison, 1111 Highland Ave, 2494 WIMR2, Madison, WI 53705.|4 Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI.
authors.forename: Oliver
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Wieben
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin Madison, 1111 Highland Ave, 2494 WIMR2, Madison, WI 53705.|2 Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI.|3 Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI.|4 Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI.|5 Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI.
authors.forename: Scott B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Reeder
mesh_terms: D000005:Abdomen / Q000098:blood supply*; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity / Q000502:physiology; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D018810:Magnetic Resonance Angiography / Q000379:methods*
keywords: 4D flow MRI; abdominal hemodynamics; cirrhosis; meal challenge; renal artery stenosis