title: Strong, Twist-Stable Carbon Nanotube Yarns and Muscles by Tension Annealing at Extreme Temperatures.
abstract: A high-speed incandescent tension annealing process (ITAP) is used to increase the modulus and strength of twist-spun carbon nanotube yarns by up to 12-fold and 2.6-fold, respectively, provide remarkable resistance to oxidation and powerful protonating acids, and freeze yarn untwist. This twist stability enables torsional artificial-muscle motors having improved performance and minimizes problematic untwist during weaving nanotube yarns.
authors.affiliation: The Alan G. MacDiarmid NanoTech Institute, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, 75080, USA.
authors.forename: Jiangtao
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Di
authors.affiliation: The Alan G. MacDiarmid NanoTech Institute, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, 75080, USA.
authors.forename: Shaoli
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.affiliation: Applied Physics Department, State University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, 13081-970, Brazil.
authors.forename: Francisco A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Moura
authors.affiliation: Applied Physics Department, State University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, 13081-970, Brazil.
authors.forename: Douglas S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Galvão
authors.affiliation: Nano-Science & Technology Center, Lintec of America, Richardson, TX, 75081, USA.
authors.forename: Julia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bykova
authors.affiliation: The Alan G. MacDiarmid NanoTech Institute, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, 75080, USA.
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Aliev
authors.affiliation: The Alan G. MacDiarmid NanoTech Institute, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, 75080, USA.
authors.forename: Mônica Jung
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: de Andrade
authors.affiliation: The Alan G. MacDiarmid NanoTech Institute, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, 75080, USA.
authors.forename: Xavier
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Lepró
authors.affiliation: The Alan G. MacDiarmid NanoTech Institute, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, 75080, USA.
authors.forename: Na
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: The Alan G. MacDiarmid NanoTech Institute, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, 75080, USA.
authors.forename: Carter
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Haines
authors.affiliation: Nano-Science & Technology Center, Lintec of America, Richardson, TX, 75081, USA.
authors.forename: Raquel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ovalle-Robles
authors.affiliation: Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, 75080, USA.
authors.forename: Dong
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Qian
authors.affiliation: The Alan G. MacDiarmid NanoTech Institute, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, 75080, USA.
authors.forename: Ray H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Baughman
keywords: artificial muscles; carbon nanotube yarns; cross-linking