title: Serum and Urinary Interferon-Gamma-Inducible Protein 10 in Lupus Nephritis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Lupus nephritis is a serious manifestation of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The objective of this study was to identify the sensitivity, specificity, and cut-off values of IP-10 in the serum and urine of patients with lupus nephritis compared to renal biopsy, albumin/creatinine ratio, and serum anti-dsDNA.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty female SLE patients were included. SLEDAI was calculated and blood and urine samples were collected. Patients were divided into 10 SLE patients with renal involvement (six active and four inactive), 10 active SLE, and 10 inactive SLE patients. Ten age-matched healthy (control) were included. Serum and urinary levels of IP-10 were measured by ELISA. Anti-dsDNA, urine albumin/creatinine ratio were performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Serum and urinary IP-10 in active SLE patients had significantly increased levels as compared to inactive SLE patients (P = 0.015, P = 0.033, respectively). However, there was no difference in serum and urinary levels between active renal and active non-renal patients. Albumin/creatinine ratio is a better marker in differentiating between lupus nephritis and SLE with no renal involvement. Any of serum and urinary IP-10, albumin/creatinine ratio, and anti-dsDNA did not correlate with the class of lupus nephritis in renal biopsy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Urinary and serum IP-10 are useful markers of lupus activity, but not indicative of renal activity. Albumin/creatinine ratio is superior in identifying lupus nephritis and renal activity.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt.
authors.forename: Ahmed
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: El-Gohary
authors.affiliation: Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt.
authors.forename: Ann
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hegazy
authors.affiliation: Community medicine and Public Health Department, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt.
authors.forename: Mostafa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Abbas
authors.affiliation: Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt. nkamel30@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Noha
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8990-2312
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kamel
authors.affiliation: Rheumatology and Rehabilitation Department, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt.
authors.forename: Samah Ismail
authors.initials: SI
authors.lastname: Nasef
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D054357:Chemokine CXCL10 / Q000097:blood* / Q000652:urine*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007677:Kidney Function Tests; D008181:Lupus Nephritis / Q000097:blood* / Q000652:urine*; D008875:Middle Aged; D012372:ROC Curve; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: C114753:CXCL10 protein, human; D054357:Chemokine CXCL10
keywords: IP-10; albumin/creatinine ratio; lupus nephritis; systemic lupus erythematosus