title: Frequency of hypovitaminosis D and its associated risk factors in newly diagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To find out the frequency of hypovitaminosis D and its associated risk factors in newly diagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis patients prior to administration of standard anti tuberculosis therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  This cross-sectional study was carried out in Ojha Institute of Chest Diseases-DUHS. After approval from BASR and following written informed consent eighty newly diagnosed, as per WHO criteria, tuberculosis patients were enrolled. Prior to the initiation of anti tuberculosis therapy, the serum vitamin D level was determined by 25-OH Vitamin D kit using the chemiluminescent immunoassay (CLIA) method. A cut off value of >30 ng/mL of serum vitamin D was taken as normal whereas a range between 10-30 ng/mL and <10 ng/mL were considered insufficient and deficient respectively. Frequency of socio-demographic associated risk factors of hypovitaminosis D was also determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Out of eighty newly diagnosed tuberculosis patients 33 (41.25%) were males and 47(58.75%) were females with their ages ranging from 18-50 years. 54 patients (26 male and 28 female patients) were smokers. BMI of all the patients was found to be less than the normal ranges. Hypovitaminosis was present in all the cases. Vitamin D insufficiency was found in 49 participants (20 male and 29 female) whereas 31 patients (13 male and 18 female) were found to be vitamin D deficient.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Prevalence of serum vitamin D level derangement is very high in newly diagnosed patients with pulmonary tuberculosis in our local setting which necessitates administration of adjuvant vitamin D along with standard anti tuberculosis therapy.
authors.affiliation: Dr. Fahad Azam, Shifa College of Medicine, Shifa Tamer e Millat University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Fahad
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Azam
authors.affiliation: Dr. Abida Shaheen, Shifa College of Medicine, Shifa Tamer e Millat University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Abida
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shaheen
authors.affiliation: Dr. Rabia Arshad, Altamash Institute of Dental Medicine, Karachi, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Rabia
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Arshad
keywords: Associated risk factors; Deficiency; Insufficiency; Tuberculosis; Vitamin D