title: The Opportunity To Eradicate Peste des Petits Ruminants.
abstract: Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is a highly infectious disease of sheep and goats that is caused by PPR virus, a member of the genus Morbillivirus that includes the viruses that cause rinderpest (RP) in cattle. RP was the first animal disease to be globally eradicated in 2011 and is only the second disease, after smallpox, to have ever been eradicated. PPR is one of the principal constraints to small ruminant production in Africa, Asia, and the Middle East. The epidemiology of PPR and RP as well as the technologies available for their diagnosis and control are similar. The conditions that favored the eradication of RP are also largely present for PPR. In this work, we outline the evolving strategy for eradication in light of current opportunities and challenges, as well as the lessons from other eradication programs in animal and human health. The global PPR situation and technology for its control are summarized. A strategy based on the lessons from previous eradication efforts that integrate epidemiology, social science, and economics as tools to target and motivate vaccination is summarized. Major aspects of the cost and benefit-cost analysis of the indicated program are presented. The overall undiscounted cost of eradication was estimated as $3.1 billion, and the benefit-cost ratio for the most likely scenario was estimated at 33.8. We close with a discussion of the possible next steps.
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Disease and Global Health, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, North Grafton, MA 01535; Jeffrey.mariner@tufts.edu.
authors.forename: Jeffrey C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Mariner
authors.affiliation: Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Hatfield AL9 7TA, United Kingdom;
authors.forename: Bryony A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.affiliation: Lab 863 Ltd., Pinner HA5 2EX, United Kingdom; Lincoln University, Lincoln 7647, New Zealand; Norwegian Institute of International Affairs, 0033 Oslo, Norway;
authors.forename: Karl M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Rich
authors.affiliation: Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, WA 98109;
authors.forename: Samuel
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Thevasagayam
authors.affiliation: The Nelson Mandela African Institute of Science and Technology, Arusha, Tanzania;
authors.forename: John
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-9592-6137
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.affiliation: Geelong Centre for Emerging Infectious Disease, Medical Faculty, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria 3216, Australia;
authors.forename: Martyn
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jeggo
authors.affiliation: Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, WA 98109;
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.affiliation: Scotland's Rural College, Edinburgh EH9 3JG, United Kingdom; and.
authors.forename: Andrew R
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-6273-2862
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Peters
authors.affiliation: Taurus Animal Health, Hampshire GU35 8SY, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Peter L
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-2981-6113
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Roeder
mesh_terms: D000349:Africa / Q000453:epidemiology; D000818:Animals; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood; D001208:Asia / Q000453:epidemiology; D002417:Cattle / Q000821:virology; D002418:Cattle Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000821:virology; D060740:Disease Eradication / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005060:Europe / Q000453:epidemiology; D015511:Goat Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000821:virology; D006041:Goats / Q000821:virology; D029021:Peste-des-Petits-Ruminants / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D018107:Peste-des-petits-ruminants virus / Q000276:immunology* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D012756:Sheep / Q000821:virology; D012757:Sheep Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000821:virology; D014611:Vaccination / Q000662:veterinary; D014765:Viral Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D014765:Viral Vaccines