title: Early Experience of Automated Intraventricular Type Intracranial Pressure Monitoring (LiquoGuard®) for Severe Traumatic Brain Injury Patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The LiquoGuard® system is a new ventricular-type monitoring device that facilitates intracranial pressure (ICP)-controlled or volume-controlled drainage of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The purpose of this study is to report the authors' experience with the LiquoGuard® ICP monitoring system, as well as the clinical safety, usefulness, and limitations of this device in the management of patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI).
  
  
  METHODS
  Intraventricular ICP monitoring was performed on 10 patients with TBI using the LiquoGuard® monitoring system. ICP measurements, volume of drained CSF, and clinical outcomes were analyzed and discussed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  ICP monitoring was performed on 10 patients for a mean duration of 6.9 days. With a mean 82,718 records per patient, the mean initial ICP was 16.4 mm Hg and the average ICP across the total duration of monitoring was 15.5 mm Hg. The mean volume of drained CSF was 29.2 cc/day, with no CSF drained in 4 patients. Seven of 10 patients showed 1 or 2 episodes of abnormal ICP measurements. No patient exhibited complications associated with ICP monitoring.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The LiquoGuard® system is a versatile tool in the management of TBI patients. Its use is both reliable and feasible for ICP monitoring and therapeutic drainage of CSF. However, episodes of abnormal ICP measurements were frequently observed in patients with slit ventricles, and further study may be needed to overcome this issue.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, National Health Insurance Service Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea.; Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea.
authors.forename: Young Sub
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, National Health Insurance Service Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea.
authors.forename: Yun Ho
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Catholic Kwandong University, International St. Mary's Hospital, Incheon, Korea.
authors.forename: Jin Mo
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Cho
keywords: Brain injuries; Cerebrospinal fluid leak; Injections, intraventricular; Intracranial pressure; Monitoring, physiologic