title: The DNA Structure-Specific Endonuclease MUS81 Mediates DNA Sensor STING-Dependent Host Rejection of Prostate Cancer Cells.
abstract: Self-DNA is present in the cytosol of many cancer cells and can promote effective immune rejection of tumor cells, but the mechanisms leading to the presence of cytosolic DNA are unknown. Here, we report that the cleavage of genomic DNA by DNA structure-specific endonuclease MUS81 and PARP-dependent DNA repair pathways leads to the accumulation of cytosolic DNA in prostate cancer cells. The number of nuclear MUS81 foci and the amount of cytosolic dsDNA increased in tandem from hyperplasia to clinical stage II prostate cancers and decreased at stage III. Cytosolic DNA generated by MUS81 stimulated DNA sensor STING-dependent type I interferon (IFN) expression and promoted phagocytic and T cell responses, resulting in type I and II IFN-mediated rejection of prostate tumor cells via mechanisms that partly depended on macrophages. Our results demonstrate that the tumor suppressor MUS81 alerts the immune system to the presence of transformed host cells.
authors.affiliation: Immunology Programme, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore.
authors.forename: Samantha S W
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Ho
authors.affiliation: Immunology Programme, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore.
authors.forename: Wendy Y L
authors.initials: WY
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Immunology Programme, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore.
authors.forename: Nikki Yi Jie
authors.initials: NY
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.affiliation: Immunology Programme, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore.
authors.forename: Muznah
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Khatoo
authors.affiliation: Immunology Programme, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore.
authors.forename: Manuel A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Suter
authors.affiliation: Immunology Programme, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore.
authors.forename: Shubhita
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tripathi
authors.affiliation: Immunology Programme, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore.
authors.forename: Florence S G
authors.initials: FS
authors.lastname: Cheung
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Cancer Epigenome, Division of Medical Sciences, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 11 Hospital Drive, Singapore 169610, Singapore; Division of Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore 169857, Singapore.
authors.forename: Weng Khong
authors.initials: WK
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore 169608, Singapore; Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597 Singapore.
authors.forename: Puay Hoon
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.affiliation: Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597 Singapore; Divsion of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 11 Hospital Drive, Singapore 169610, Singapore; Oncology Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore 169857, Singapore.
authors.forename: Joanne
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ngeow
authors.affiliation: Immunology Programme, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore; NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore. Electronic address: stgasser1@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Stephan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gasser
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001324:Autoantigens / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D004247:DNA / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D004720:Endonucleases / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007370:Interferon Type I / Q000378:metabolism; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D008297:Male; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D009374:Neoplasms, Experimental; D010587:Phagocytosis; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D000099197:STING Protein
chemical_list: D001324:Autoantigens; D004247:DNA; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D004720:Endonucleases; D007370:Interferon Type I; D008565:Membrane Proteins; C530855:Sting1 protein, mouse; D000099197:STING Protein; C498773:Mus81 protein, mouse
keywords: Cytosolic DNA; DNA repair; Endonuclease; Innate immunity; Prostate cancer