title: Expression and clinicopathological significance of antiapoptotis protein survivin in gallbladder cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Clinical significance of survivin (antiapoptosis protein) in gallbladder cancer is not yet established.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study was performed to assess the expression pattern of survivin in benign and malignant gallbladder lesions using immunohistochemistry (IHC), and to assess its clinicopathological significance.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective study from July 2012 to July 2014 was performed as a part of intramural research project.
  
  
  METHODS
  Tissue samples from resected gallbladder for cholelithiasis (n = 27) and carcinoma gallbladder (n= 24) were evaluated for survivin expression by IHC using a scoring system. Their expression was correlated with different clinicopathological parameters.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fisher's exact test, Student's t-test, and Chi-square test were used as appropriate for data analysis. Kaplan-Meier methods were used to calculate overall and disease-free survival rates among different groups. Two-sided P< 0.05 was considered as significant.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Benign group (19 females, age [mean ± standard deviation [SD] 45 ± 14 years) and malignant group (20 females, age [mean ± SD] 48.9 ± 13.4 years) were comparable with respect to menopausal status, presence, size and types of stones. However, survivin expression was significantly higher (66.7%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 24-75) in gallbladder cancer than in cholelithiasis group (33%, CI 46-83), P= 0.025). Its expression did not correlate with gender, age, menopausal status, presence of gallstones or their size, number and type, tumor differentiation, and tumor stage.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Significantly higher expression of survivin protein in gallbladder cancer as compared to cholelithiasis group suggests its role in gallbladder carcinogenesis though it may not have prognostic value.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical Gastroenterology, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Vishal
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Madhu Mati
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Goel
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical Gastroenterology, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Abhijit
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chandra
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Era's Lucknow Medical College, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Parul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical Gastroenterology, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Saket
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical Gastroenterology, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Jaya
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nigam
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis*; D005260:Female; D005706:Gallbladder Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D051034:Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins / Q000032:analysis*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D000077022:Survivin; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: C107489:BIRC5 protein, human; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D051034:Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins; D000077022:Survivin