title: Anti-N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor Antibody Mediated Neurologic Relapse Post Herpes Simplex Encephalitis: A Case Series.
abstract: Despite the advent of antiviral therapy, herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE) remains a devastating condition with significant morbidity and mortality. Neurologic relapse after initial improvement is generally attributed to herpes simplex virus reactivation. In 2013, inflammation caused by anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antibodies was reported in association with cases of neurologic relapse after herpes simplex encephalitis. We present 3 such cases and discuss diagnostic and management dilemmas.
authors.affiliation: From the *Departments of Paediatric Infectious Disease and Immunology, †Paediatric Neurology and ‡Paediatric Radiology, Children's University Hospital Temple Street, Dublin, Ireland; §Departments of Paediatric Infectious Disease and Immunology and ¶Paediatric Neurology, Our Lady's Children's Hospital Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland; and ‖Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine and Medical Sciences University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Geoghegan
authors.forename: Aoibhinn
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Walsh
authors.forename: Mary D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: King
authors.forename: Bryan
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lynch
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Webb
authors.forename: Eilish
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Twomey
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ronan Leahy
authors.forename: Karina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Butler
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gavin
mesh_terms: D001264:Athetosis; D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid*; D002819:Chorea; D020803:Encephalitis, Herpes Simplex; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate / Q000276:immunology*; D012008:Recurrence
chemical_list: D001323:Autoantibodies; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate