title: Gestational hypertension and chronic hypertension on the risk of diabetes among gestational diabetes women.
abstract: We aimed to examine the association of gestational hypertension and chronic hypertension at the inter-conception examination with type 2 diabetes risk among women with a history of gestational diabetes.
  
  
  
  We conducted a population-based study among 1261 women who had a history of gestational diabetes at 1-5years after delivery in Tianjin, China. Logistic regression or Cox regression was used to assess the associations of gestational hypertension and chronic hypertension at the inter-conception examination with pre-diabetes and type 2 diabetes risks.
  
  
  
  Gestational diabetic women who had a history of gestational hypertension but did not use antihypertensive drugs during pregnancy had a 3.94-fold higher risk (95% CI: 1.94-8.02) of developing type 2 diabetes compared with those who were normotensive in index pregnancy. Compared with gestational diabetic women who had normal blood pressure at the inter-conception examination, hypertensive women at the inter-conception examination were 3.38 times (95% CI: 1.66-6.87) and 2.97 times (95% CI: 1.75-5.05) more likely to develop diabetes and prediabetes, respectively. The odds ratios of type 2 diabetes and prediabetes associated with each 5mmHg increase in systolic blood pressure were 1.25 (95% CI: 1.03-1.51) and 1.20 (95% CI: 1.06-1.35). Each 5mmHg increase in diastolic blood pressure contributed to a 1.49-fold higher risk (95% CI: 1.18-1.88) for type 2 diabetes and a 1.42-fold higher risk (95% CI: 1.22-1.65) for prediabetes.
  
  
  
  For women with prior gestational diabetes, gestational hypertension and chronic hypertension at the inter-conception examination were risk factors for type 2 diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA.
authors.forename: Xiaojing
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.affiliation: Tianjin Women's and Children's Health Center, Tianjin, China.
authors.forename: Huikun
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Tianjin Women's and Children's Health Center, Tianjin, China.
authors.forename: Leishen
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Tianjin Women's and Children's Health Center, Tianjin, China.
authors.forename: Shuang
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Tianjin Women's and Children's Health Center, Tianjin, China.
authors.forename: Cuiping
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Tianjin Women's and Children's Health Center, Tianjin, China.
authors.forename: Junhong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Leng
authors.affiliation: Tianjin Women's and Children's Health Center, Tianjin, China.
authors.forename: Ling
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.affiliation: Tianjin Women's and Children's Health Center, Tianjin, China.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lv
authors.affiliation: Tianjin Women's and Children's Health Center, Tianjin, China.
authors.forename: Fengjun
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lv
authors.affiliation: Tianjin Women's and Children's Health Center, Tianjin, China.
authors.forename: Huiguang
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA; Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Lu
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Qi
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Centre for Vascular Prevention, Danube-University Krems, Krems, Austria; Diabetes Prevention Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland; Diabetes Research Group, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman, Kuwait.
authors.forename: Jaakko
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tuomilehto
authors.affiliation: Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA. Electronic address: gang.hu@pbrc.edu.
authors.forename: Gang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001794:Blood Pressure; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016640:Diabetes, Gestational / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000453:epidemiology*; D046110:Hypertension, Pregnancy-Induced / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D012307:Risk Factors
keywords: Diabetes; Gestational diabetes; Gestational hypertension; Hypertension; Incidence