title: Nuclear-mitochondrial incompatibility in interorder rhesus monkey-cow embryos derived from somatic cell nuclear transfer.
abstract: Monkey interorder somatic cell nuclear transfer (iSCNT) using enucleated cow oocytes yielded poor blastocysts development and contradictory results among research groups. Determining the reason for this low blastocyst development is a prerequisite for optimizing iSCNT in rhesus monkeys. The aim of this study was to elucidate nuclear-mitochondrial incompatibility of rhesus monkey-cow iSCNT embryos and its relationship to low blastocyst development. Cytochrome b is a protein of complex III of the electron transport chain (ETC). According to meta-analysis of amino acid sequences, the homology of cytochrome b is 75 % between rhesus monkeys and cattle. To maintain the function of ETC after iSCNT, 4n iSCNT embryos were produced by fusion of non-enucleated cow oocytes and rhesus monkey somatic cells. The blastocyst development rate of 4n iSCNT embryos was higher than that of 2n embryos (P < 0.01). Formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is an indirect indicator of ETC activity of cells. The ROS levels of 4n iSCNT embryos was higher than that of 2n embryos (P < 0.01). Collectively, rhesus monkey iSCNT embryos reconstructed with cow oocytes have nuclear-mitochondrial incompatibility due to fundamental species differences between rhesus monkeys and cattle. Nuclear-mitochondrial incompatibility seems to correlate with low ETC activity and extremely low blastocyst development of rhesus monkey-cow iSCNT embryos.
authors.affiliation: Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, 599 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 151-742, Korea.
authors.forename: Daekee
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.affiliation: Laboratory Animal Research Center, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Suwon, 440-746, Korea.
authors.forename: Ok-Jae
authors.initials: OJ
authors.lastname: Koo
authors.affiliation: Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, 599 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 151-742, Korea.
authors.forename: Min-Jung
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, 599 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 151-742, Korea.|Emergency Center for Personalized Food-Medicine Therapy System, Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon, 443-270, Korea.
authors.forename: Goo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Jang
authors.affiliation: Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, 599 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 151-742, Korea. bclee@snu.ac.kr.|Institute of Green Bio Science Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang, 232-916, Korea. bclee@snu.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Byeong Chun
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001755:Blastocyst / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*; D002417:Cattle; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000235:genetics*; D014450:Electron Transport Complex III / Q000235:genetics; D008253:Macaca mulatta / Q000196:embryology*; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000235:genetics*; D053652:Nuclear Transfer Techniques; D009865:Oocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D014450:Electron Transport Complex III
keywords: Blastocysts; Cow; Electron transport chain; Interorder somatic cell nuclear transfer; Rhesus monkey