title: Photoprotection and photoreception of intraocular lenses under xenon and white LED illumination.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To analyze the photoprotection and phototransmission that various intraocular lenses (IOLs) provide under the illumination of a xenon (Xe) lamp and white LEDs (light emitting diode).
  
  
  METHODS
  The spectral transmission curves of six representative IOLs were measured using a Perkin-Elmer Lambda 35 UV/VIS spectrometer. Various filtering simulations were performed using a Xe lamp and white LEDs. The spectral emissions of these lamps were measured with an ILT-950 spectroradiometer.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The IOLs analyzed primarily show transmission of nearly 100% in the visible spectrum. In the ultraviolet (UV) region, the filters incorporated in the various IOLs did not filter equally, and some of them let an appreciable amount of UV through. The Xe lamp presented a strong emission of ultraviolet A (UVA), and its emission under 300nm was not negligible. The white LED did not present an appreciable emission under 380nm.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The cut-off wavelength of most filters is between 380 and 400nm (Physiol Hydriol60C(®), IOLTECH E4T(®), Alcon SA60AT(®), Alcon IQ SN60WF(®)), so that their UV protection is very effective. Nonetheless, the IOL OPHTEC Oculaid(®) contains a filter that, when a Xe lamp is used, lets through up to 20% for 350nm and up to 15% for 300nm, which at this point is ultraviolet B (UVB). The OPHTEC(®) Artisan IOL has a transmission peak below 300nm, which must be taken into account under Xe illumination. White LEDs do not emit energy below 380nm, so no special protection is required in the UV region.
authors.affiliation: Fisabio Oftalmología Médica (FOM), Valencia, Spain; Universidad de Valencia, Faculty of Physics, Department of Optics, C/Dr Moliner 50, E46100-Burjassot, Valencia, Spain. Electronic address: Jose.Artigas@uv.es.
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Artigas
authors.affiliation: Fisabio Oftalmología Médica (FOM), Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Navea
authors.affiliation: Fisabio Oftalmología Médica (FOM), Valencia, Spain; Universidad de Valencia, Faculty of Physics, Department of Optics, C/Dr Moliner 50, E46100-Burjassot, Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: García-Domene
authors.affiliation: University Cardenal Herrera-CEU, Moncada, Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Artigas
authors.affiliation: Fisabio Oftalmología Médica (FOM), Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lanzagorta
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D007910:Lenses, Intraocular; D008027:Light / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008029:Lighting / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D055095:Optics and Photonics; D011835:Radiation Protection / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards*; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays; D014978:Xenon / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D014978:Xenon
keywords: Implants intraoculaires; Intraocular lenses; LED (Light Emitting Diode) blanc lampes; Radiations ultraviolettes; Ultraviolet radiation; Xenon Lamp; Xenon light and white LED (light emitting diode) lamps