title: Stereotactic body radiation therapy of liver tumors: post-treatment appearances and evaluation of treatment response: a pictorial review.
abstract: Stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) is a noninvasive treatment technique for selected patients with primary liver tumors and liver-confined oligometastatic disease. Recently, SBRT has emerged as an alternative treatment option in non-surgical candidates and in whom percutaneous treatment methods are not possible or contraindicated. The experience with SBRT continues to grow. There are currently no imaging guidelines for assessment of tumor response and follow-up schedule following SBRT. SBRT produces characteristic radiation-induced changes in the treated tumor and surrounding liver parenchyma. Knowledge of these changes is essential in the interpretation of follow-up imaging and assessment of treatment response. In this review, we will describe the CT, MRI, and PET imaging findings following SBRT of both the targeted liver tumor and surrounding hepatic parenchyma.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
authors.forename: Mustafa M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Haddad
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
authors.forename: Kenneth W
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Merrell
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
authors.forename: Christopher L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Hallemeier
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
authors.forename: Geoffrey B
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
authors.forename: Taofic
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mounajjed
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
authors.forename: Kenneth R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Olivier
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
authors.forename: Jeff L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Fidler
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA. Venkatesh.sudhakar@mayo.edu.
authors.forename: Sudhakar K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Venkatesh
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D016634:Radiosurgery; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: CT; Focal liver reaction; MRI; PET; Stereotactic body radiation therapy; Tumor response