title: Cardiovascular imaging in the diagnosis and monitoring of cardiotoxicity: cardiovascular magnetic resonance and nuclear cardiology.
abstract: Chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity (CTX) is a determining factor for the quality of life and mortality of patients administered potentially cardiotoxic drugs and in long-term cancer survivors. Therefore, prevention and early detection of CTX are highly desirable, as is the exploration of alternative therapeutic strategies and/or the proposal of potentially cardioprotective treatments. In recent years, cardiovascular imaging has acquired a pivotal role in this setting. Although echocardiography remains the diagnostic method most used to monitor cancer patients, the need for more reliable, reproducible and accurate detection of early chemotherapy-induced CTX has encouraged the introduction of second-line advanced imaging modalities, such as cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) and nuclear techniques, into the clinical setting. This review of the Working Group on Drug Cardiotoxicity and Cardioprotection of the Italian Society of Cardiology aims to afford an overview of the most important findings from the literature about the role of CMR and nuclear techniques in the management of chemotherapy-treated patients, describe conventional and new parameters for detecting CTX from both diagnostic and prognostic perspectives and provide integrated insight into the role of CMR and nuclear techniques compared with other imaging tools and versus the positions of the most important international societies.
authors.affiliation: aU.O.C. Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Fondazione Toscana G. Monasterio C.N.R., Pisa bDepartment of Clinical and Experimental Medicine. Section of Cardiology A.O.U. Policlinico 'G. Martino' University of Messina, Messina cSDN, Institute of Diagnostic and Nuclear Development dDepartment of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, 'Federico II' University, Naples eDepartment of Medical Sciences 'Mario Aresu', University of Cagliari, Cagliari fCardiology Unit, University Hospital of Ferrara, Ferrara gDepartment of General Surgery and Medical-Surgery Specialities, University of Catania, Catania hChair and Division of Cardiology, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.
authors.forename: Alessia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pepe
authors.forename: Fausto
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pizzino
authors.forename: Paola
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gargiulo
authors.forename: Pasquale
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Perrone-Filardi
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cadeddu
authors.forename: Donato
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mele
authors.forename: Ines
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Monte
authors.forename: Giuseppina
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Novo
authors.forename: Concetta
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zito
authors.forename: Gianluca
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Di Bella
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D066126:Cardiotoxicity / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy; D010100:Oxygen / Q000378:metabolism; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D010100:Oxygen