title: Toward an Automated Identification of Anastrepha Fruit Flies in the fraterculus group (Diptera, Tephritidae).
abstract: In this study, we assess image analysis techniques as automatic identifiers of three Anastrepha species of quarantine importance, Anastrepha fraterculus (Wiedemann), Anastrepha obliqua (Macquart), and Anastrepha sororcula Zucchi, based on wing and aculeus images. The right wing and aculeus of 100 individuals of each species were mounted on microscope slides, and images were captured with a stereomicroscope and light microscope. For wing image analysis, we used the color descriptor Local Color Histogram; for aculei, we used the contour descriptor Edge Orientation Autocorrelogram. A Support Vector Machine classifier was used in the final stage of wing and aculeus classification. Very accurate species identifications were obtained based on wing and aculeus images, with average accuracies of 94 and 95%, respectively. These results are comparable to previous identification results based on morphometric techniques and to the results achieved by experienced entomologists. Wing and aculeus images produced equally accurate classifications, greatly facilitating the identification of these species. The proposed technique is therefore a promising option for separating these three closely related species in the fraterculus group.
authors.affiliation: Dept of Genectis and Evolutionary Biology, Univ of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil. pperre01@gmail.com.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Perre
authors.affiliation: Institute of Science and Technology, Federal Univ of São Paulo, São José dos Campos, SP, Brasil.
authors.forename: F A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Faria
authors.affiliation: Dept of Animal Biology, Institute of Biology, Univ of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brasil.
authors.forename: L R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Jorge
authors.affiliation: Institute of Computing, Univ of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brasil.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rocha
authors.affiliation: Institute of Computing, Univ of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brasil.
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Torres
authors.affiliation: Economic Entomology Lab, Biological Institute, APTA, Campinas, SP, Brasil.
authors.forename: M F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Souza-Filho
authors.affiliation: Dept of Animal Biology, Institute of Biology, Univ of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brasil.
authors.forename: T M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Lewinsohn
authors.affiliation: Dept of Genectis and Evolutionary Biology, Univ of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil.
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Zucchi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004330:Drosophila; D033621:Tephritidae / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000145:classification; D014921:Wings, Animal
keywords: Identification; image analysis; machine learning; taxonomy