title: Immunology, epidemiology and mathematical modelling towards a better understanding of invasive non-typhoidal Salmonella disease and rational vaccination approaches.
abstract: Invasive non-typhoidal Salmonella (iNTS) infections cause a high burden of lethal sepsis in young children and HIV patients, often associated with malaria, anaemia, malnutrition and sickle-cell disease. Vaccines against iNTS are urgently needed but none are licensed yet. Areas covered: This review illustrates how immunology, epidemiology and within-host pathogen behaviour affect invasive Salmonella infections and highlights how this knowledge can assist the improvement and choice of vaccines. Expert Commentary: Control of iNTS disease requires approaches that reduce transmission and improve diagnosis and treatment. These are often difficult to implement due to the fragile ecology and economies in endemic countries. Vaccines will be key tools in the fight against iNTS disease. To optimise vaccine design, we need to better define protective antigens and mechanisms of resistance to disease in susceptible populations even in those individuals where innate immunity may be impaired by widespread comorbidities.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Veterinary Medicine , University of Cambridge , Cambridge , United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Pietro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mastroeni
authors.affiliation: a Department of Veterinary Medicine , University of Cambridge , Cambridge , United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Omar
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Rossi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D060467:Disease Resistance; D018562:Disease Transmission, Infectious / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006801:Humans; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D012480:Salmonella Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D022562:Salmonella Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000276:immunology*; D018805:Sepsis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D022562:Salmonella Vaccines
keywords: Salmonella; antibodies; epidemiology; immunity; immunosuppression; invasive disease; modeling; phagocytes; vaccines