title: Dental Implants Placed in Periodontally Infected Sites in Humans.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The purpose of the present study was to evaluate fresh socket implant outcome leaving granulomatous tissue into the bone defects.
  
  
  METHODS
  Subjects requiring tooth extractions in periodontal infected sites were selected for this prospective study. Only patients with 4-wall defects and asymptomatic ones were included. The fresh sockets were randomly scheduled into two groups: In one group (Removal Group, RG) granulomatous tissue was removed and, in the other group (Left Group, LG) granulomatous tissue was left. Implants were positioned immediately after tooth extraction, and were loaded after 3 months in both groups. Intraoral digital radiographs were performed at temporary prosthesis placement; at 12, 24 and 36 months to evaluate marginal bone levels changes. Moreover, clinical parameters were acquired at the same time points.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sixty patients were included in this study. Three-hundred seventy-two implants were placed immediately after tooth extraction and, at 3-year follow-up, a survival rate of 98.66% was reported, 2 implants were lost in RG and 3 implants in LG. At 36-month follow-up, not statistically significant differences were found between RG and LG in marginal bone level changes and clinical parameters (p > 005). Moreover, not statistically significant differences were found in intragroup comparisons over time (p > 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  With the limits of this study it was concluded that granulomatous tissue left in infected fresh sockets doesn't injury dental implant outcome.
authors.affiliation: Dental School, Vita-Salute University, Milan, Italy.|Department of Dentistry, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Crespi
authors.affiliation: Dental School, Vita-Salute University, Milan, Italy.|Department of Dentistry, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Capparé
authors.affiliation: Insubria University, Varese, Italy.
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Crespi
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical, Surgical and Dental Experimental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.|"G.Martino" Hospital, V. Cons. Valeria Gazzi, Messina, Italy.
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lo Giudice
authors.affiliation: Dental School, Vita-Salute University, Milan, Italy.|San Rocco Clinical Institute, Ome, Italy.
authors.forename: Giorgio
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gastaldi
authors.affiliation: Dental School, Vita-Salute University, Milan, Italy.|Department of Dentistry, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Enrico
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gherlone
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003758:Dental Implantation, Endosseous / Q000379:methods*; D019232:Dental Restoration Failure; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010484:Periapical Granuloma / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D010518:Periodontitis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D011446:Prospective Studies; D019252:Radiography, Dental, Digital; D020390:Tooth Socket / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*
keywords: fresh socket implant; granulomatous tissue; periodontitis