title: Physiological breeding.
abstract: Physiological breeding crosses parents with different complex but complementary traits to achieve cumulative gene action for yield, while selecting progeny using remote sensing, possibly in combination with genomic selection. Physiological approaches have already demonstrated significant genetic gains in Australia and several developing countries of the International Wheat Improvement Network. The techniques involved (see Graphical Abstract) also provide platforms for research and refinement of breeding methodologies. Recent examples of these include screening genetic resources for novel expression of Calvin cycle enzymes, identification of common genetic bases for heat and drought adaptation, and genetic dissection of trade-offs among yield components. Such information, combined with results from physiological crosses designed to test novel trait combinations, lead to more precise breeding strategies, and feed models of genotype-by-environment interaction to help build new plant types and experimental environments for future climates.
authors.affiliation: Global Wheat Program, International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Mexico, D.F., Mexico. Electronic address: M.Reynolds@cgiar.org.
authors.forename: Matthew
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Reynolds
authors.affiliation: School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Langridge
mesh_terms: D001947:Breeding; D055864:Droughts; D006358:Hot Temperature; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D010944:Plants / Q000378:metabolism*; D014908:Triticum / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D010940:Plant Proteins