title: [Development and Psychometric Evaluation of the Transcultural Self-efficacy Scale for Nurses].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This methodological study was conducted to develop and psychometrically test the Transcultural Self-efficacy scale (TCSEscale) for nurses.
  
  
  METHODS
  Initial 41 items for the TCSE-scale were generated based on extensive literature reviews and in-depth interviews with 18 nurses who had experience in caring for foreign patients. Cultural Competence and Confidence model was used as a conceptual framework. Content validity was evaluated by an expert panel. Psychometric testing was performed with a convenience sample of 242 nurses recruited from four general hospitals in the Seoul metropolitan area and Gyeonggi-do province of South Korea. To evaluate the reliability of TCSE-scale, a test-retest reliability and an internal consistency reliability were analyzed. Construct validity, concurrent validity, criterion validity, convergent validity and discriminative validity were used to evaluate the validity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The 25-item TCSE-scale was found to have three subscales-Cognitive, Practical, and Affective domain-explaining 91.5% of the total variance. TCSE-scale also demonstrated a concurrent validity with the Cultural Competence Scale. Criterion-related validity was supported by known-group comparison. Reliability analysis showed an acceptable-to-high Cronbach's alpha-.88 in total, and subscales ranged from .76 to .87. The ICC was .90, indicating that the TCSE-scale has internal consistency and stability of reliability.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This preliminary evaluation of the psychometric scale properties demonstrated an acceptable validity and reliability. The TCSE-scale is able to contribute to building up empirical and evidence based on data collection regarding the transcultural self-efficacy of clinical nurses. We suggest further testing of the applicability of TCSE-scale in different settings and community contexts.
authors.affiliation: College of Nursing, Korea University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Won Oak
authors.initials: WO
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.affiliation: College of Nursing, Korea University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Eun Sook
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: College of Nursing, Cha University, Pochon, Korea. chnursing@cha.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Min Hyun
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Suk
authors.affiliation: College of Nursing Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Yeo Jin
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Im
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003071:Cognition; D054521:Cultural Competency; D018864:Cultural Diversity; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009726:Nurses / Q000523:psychology*; D016730:Program Development; D011594:Psychometrics; D020377:Self Efficacy; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Cultural competence; Cultural diversity; Nurses; Reliability and validity; Self efficacy