title: Heavy chain (LvH) and light chain (LvL) of lipovitellin (Lv) of zebrafish can both bind to bacteria and enhance phagocytosis.
abstract: Lipovitellin (Lv) is an apoprotein in oviparous animals. Lv consists of a heavy chain (LvH) and a light chain (LvL) which are traditionally regarded as energy reserves for developing embryos. Recently, Lv has been shown to be involved in immune defense of developing embryos in fish. However, it remains unknown if each of LvH and LvL possesses immune activity; and if so, whether or not they function similarly. Here we clearly demonstrated that recombinant LvH (rLvH) and LvL (rLvL) from zebrafish vg1 gene bound to both the Gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli and Vibrio anguillarum and the Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Micrococcus luteus as well as the pathogen-associated molecular patterns LPS, LTA and PGN. In addition, both rLvH and rLvL were able to enhance the phagocytosis of bacteria E. coli and S. aureus by macrophages. All these data suggest that both LvH and LvL, in addition to being energy reserves, are also maternal immune-relevant factors capable of interacting with invading bacteria in zebrafish embryos/larvae.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Evolution & Development, Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity and Department of Marine Biology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
authors.forename: Xue
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Evolution & Development, Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity and Department of Marine Biology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Evolution & Development, Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity and Department of Marine Biology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
authors.forename: Shuoqi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Evolution & Development, Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity and Department of Marine Biology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
authors.forename: Shicui
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Evolution & Development, Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity and Department of Marine Biology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China. Electronic address: yuzhang@ouc.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Evolution & Development, Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity and Department of Marine Biology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China. Electronic address: sunchen@ouc.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Chen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sun
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000276:immunology*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004527:Egg Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000276:immunology; D029941:Fish Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D007112:Immunity, Maternally-Acquired; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000378:metabolism; D008264:Macrophages / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology; D016982:Micrococcus luteus / Q000276:immunology; D000069452:Pathogen-Associated Molecular Pattern Molecules / Q000276:immunology; D010587:Phagocytosis; D021122:Protein Subunits / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000276:immunology; D015027:Zebrafish / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D004527:Egg Proteins; D029941:Fish Proteins; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D000069452:Pathogen-Associated Molecular Pattern Molecules; D021122:Protein Subunits; C001549:lipovitellin
keywords: Danio rerio; Lipovitellin; Maternal immunity; Zebrafish