title: Toxic and essential elements in five tree nuts from Hangzhou market, China.
abstract: In this study, a total of 35 tree nut samples of walnut, pecan, pine seed, hickory nut and torreya were obtained from 5 farm product markets in Hangzhou, China, and investigated for essential (Cr, Mn, Fe, Mo, Cu, Zn, Se and Sr) and toxic (Al, As, Cd and Pb) elements by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectroscopy. Mean elemental concentrations of different tree nuts were in the following ranges: Cr 0.26-0.78 mg kg-1, Mn 42.1-174 mg kg-1, Fe 33.7-43.9 mg kg-1, Mo 0.11-0.48 mg kg-1, Cu 10.3-17.6 mg kg-1, Zn 21.6-56.1 mg kg-1, Se 0.015-0.051 mg kg-1, Al 1.44-37.6 mg kg-1, As 0.0062-0.047 mg kg-1, Cd 0.016-0.18 mg kg-1and Pb 0.0069-0.029 mg kg-1. The estimated provisional tolerable daily intake of Al, As, Cd and Pb was much lower than the provisional tolerable daily intake.
authors.affiliation: a Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry , Chinese Academy of Forestry , Fuyang , Zhejiang , P. R. China.
authors.forename: Zhanglin
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Ni
authors.affiliation: a Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry , Chinese Academy of Forestry , Fuyang , Zhejiang , P. R. China.
authors.forename: Fubin
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: a Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry , Chinese Academy of Forestry , Fuyang , Zhejiang , P. R. China.
authors.forename: Qing
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: a Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry , Chinese Academy of Forestry , Fuyang , Zhejiang , P. R. China.
authors.forename: Yihua
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000535:Aluminum / Q000032:analysis* / Q000633:toxicity; D001151:Arsenic / Q000032:analysis* / Q000633:toxicity; D002681:China; D004032:Diet / Q000009:adverse effects; D005506:Food Contamination; D005513:Food Inspection; D006801:Humans; D057230:Limit of Detection; D019216:Metals, Heavy / Q000032:analysis* / Q000633:toxicity; D009753:Nutritive Value; D009754:Nuts / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000191:economics; D064167:Recommended Dietary Allowances; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013054:Spectrophotometry, Atomic; D014131:Trace Elements / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D019216:Metals, Heavy; D014131:Trace Elements; D000535:Aluminum; D001151:Arsenic
keywords: Walnut; arsene; cadmium; hickory nut; lead; pecan; pine seed; torreya