title: Transfer of Bacteria into the Internal Cavity of Dental Implants After Application of Disinfectant or Sealant Agents In Vitro.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Bacterial colonization of the inner part of dental implants has been reported in numerous studies. The aim of this in vitro study was to analyze the bacterial colonization of the implant lumen of two implant systems that were partly subjected to a thermal cycling regimen after three different approaches to reducing bacterial load: filling of the hollow parts with either a disinfectant agent, a setting sealing compound, or a nonsetting sealing compound.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two implant systems with internal connections (the Bego Semados RI implant, Bego, and the Xive S Plus Screw Implant, Dentsply) were used in this study. Before the corresponding abutments were fixed, the internal cavities were pretreated in four different ways (application of a 0.2% chlorhexidine gel, a special silicone, or a sealing grease, or no pretreatment). Half of the specimens were subjected to thermocycling. After incubation of the assemblies in a bacterial suspension of Escherichia coli for 1 week, the abutments were removed, and microbial samples of the internal aspects were collected; contamination was evaluated with quantitative realtime polymerase chain reaction (PCR).
  
  
  RESULTS
  No pretreatment could hinder bacterial leakage in all cases, but all applied agents could reduce bacterial burden significantly (P < .05). There was less bacterial colonization after thermocycling (P < .05), and the Xive implants showed better resistance against microbial contamination (P < .05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The application of products to reduce bacterial invasion can help reduce bacterial load to a minimum and therefore can be helpful in minimizing the cofactors that contribute to the development of peri-implantitis.
authors.forename: Anke
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Podhorsky
authors.forename: Stefanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Biscoping
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rehmann
authors.forename: Philipp
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Streckbein
authors.forename: Eugen
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Domann
authors.forename: Bernd
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wöstmann
mesh_terms: D058491:Bacterial Load; D002710:Chlorhexidine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000044:Dental Abutments / Q000382:microbiology*; D059605:Dental Implant-Abutment Design; D015921:Dental Implants / Q000382:microbiology*; D003763:Dental Leakage / Q000382:microbiology; D003764:Dental Materials; D004202:Disinfectants / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004203:Disinfection / Q000379:methods*; D004866:Equipment Contamination / Q000517:prevention & control*; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006801:Humans; D057873:Peri-Implantitis; D010895:Pit and Fissure Sealants / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction
chemical_list: D015921:Dental Implants; D003764:Dental Materials; D004202:Disinfectants; D010895:Pit and Fissure Sealants; D002710:Chlorhexidine