title: A validation study on the traditional Chinese version of Spinal Appearance Questionnaire for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis.
abstract: "Simplified Chinese" version of Spinal Appearance Questionnaire (SC-SAQ) for patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) was available but did not fit for communities using "Traditional Chinese" as their primary language. We developed a traditional Chinese version of SAQ (TC-SAQ) and evaluated its reliability and validity.
  
  
  
  TC-SAQ was administered to 112 AIS patients, of which 101 bilingual (English and Chinese) patients completed E-SAQ and the traditional Chinese version of Scoliosis Research Society-22 questionnaire (TC-SRS-22). Internal consistency and test-retest reliability were evaluated. Concurrent validity was evaluated by comparing TC-SAQ score with E-SAQ score, and convergent validity by comparing TC-SAQ score with TC-SRS-22 self-image domain score, and discriminant validity by analyzing the relationship between TC-SAQ score and patients' characteristics.
  
  
  
  Internal consistency of individual TC-SAQ domain was high (Cronbach's α = 0.785 to 0.940), except for general (Cronbach's α = 0.665) and shoulders (Cronbach's α = 0.421) domain. Test-retest reliability of TC-SAQ was good (ICCs of each domain from 0.798 to 0.865). Concurrent validity demonstrated an excellent correlation between TC-SAQ and E-SAQ scores (r = 0.820 to 0.954, P < 0.0001 for all domains). Correlation between TC-SAQ domains and TC-SRS-22 self-image domain was weak to moderate. TC-SAQ total score and individual domain scores (except waist and chest domains) were positively correlated to major curve magnitude.
  
  
  
  TC-SAQ had good internal consistency and test-retest reliability. Concurrent validity evaluated against the original English version was excellent. TC-SAQ was both reliable and valid for clinical use for AIS patients using traditional Chinese as their primary language.
authors.affiliation: Spine Surgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China.|Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong.|The Joint Scoliosis Research Center of The Chinese University of Hong Kong and Nanjing University, Hong Kong, China.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong.
authors.forename: Ajax Hong Yin
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Lau
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong.
authors.forename: Jack
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chau
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong.|The Joint Scoliosis Research Center of The Chinese University of Hong Kong and Nanjing University, Hong Kong, China.|SH Ho Scoliosis Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
authors.forename: Bobby Kin Wah
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Ng
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong.|The Joint Scoliosis Research Center of The Chinese University of Hong Kong and Nanjing University, Hong Kong, China.
authors.forename: Kwong Man
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Spine Surgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China.|The Joint Scoliosis Research Center of The Chinese University of Hong Kong and Nanjing University, Hong Kong, China.
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Qiu
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong.|The Joint Scoliosis Research Center of The Chinese University of Hong Kong and Nanjing University, Hong Kong, China.|SH Ho Scoliosis Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
authors.forename: Jack Chun Yiu
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong. tplam@ort.cuhk.edu.hk.|The Joint Scoliosis Research Center of The Chinese University of Hong Kong and Nanjing University, Hong Kong, China. tplam@ort.cuhk.edu.hk.|SH Ho Scoliosis Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China. tplam@ort.cuhk.edu.hk.
authors.forename: Tsz Ping
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: Lam
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008603:Mental Health; D011594:Psychometrics; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012600:Scoliosis / Q000523:psychology*; D012649:Self Concept; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014175:Translating
keywords: Psychometric properties; Scoliosis; Spinal Appearance Questionnaire; Traditional Chinese version