title: Computational design and multivariate optimization of an electrochemical metoprolol sensor based on molecular imprinting in combination with carbon nanotubes.
abstract: This work describes the development of an electrochemical sensor based on a new molecularly imprinted polymer for detection of metoprolol (MTP) at ultra-trace level. The polypyrrole (PPy) was electrochemically synthesized on the tip of a pencil graphite electrode (PGE) which modified whit functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). The fabrication process of the sensor was characterized by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and the measurement process was carried out by differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). A computational approach was used to screening functional monomers and polymerization solvent for rational design of molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP). Based on computational results, pyrrole and water were selected as functional monomer and polymerization solvent, respectively. Several significant parameters controlling the performance of the MIP sensor were examined and optimized using multivariate optimization methods such as Plackett-Burman design (PBD) and central composite design (CCD). Under the selected optimal conditions, MIP sensor was showed a linear range from 0.06 to 490 μmol L(-1) MTP, a limit of detection of 2.88 nmol L(-1), a highly reproducible response (RSD 3.9%) and a good selectivity in the presence of structurally related molecules. Furthermore, the applicability of the method was successfully tested with determination of MTP in real samples (tablet, and serum).
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Payame Noor University (PNU), Mashhad, Iran; Department of Chemistry, Payame Noor University, PO. Box 19395-4697, Tehran 19569, Iran. Electronic address: aziz_nezhadali@pnu.ac.ir.
authors.forename: Azizollah
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nezhadali
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Payame Noor University (PNU), Mashhad, Iran.
authors.forename: Maliheh
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mojarrab
mesh_terms: D058671:Adrenergic beta-1 Receptor Antagonists / Q000032:analysis* / Q000097:blood; D055664:Electrochemical Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation*; D006801:Humans; D008790:Metoprolol / Q000032:analysis* / Q000097:blood; D054802:Molecular Imprinting / Q000379:methods*; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D037742:Nanotubes, Carbon; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D058671:Adrenergic beta-1 Receptor Antagonists; D037742:Nanotubes, Carbon; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations; D008790:Metoprolol
keywords: Carbon nano-tubes; Density functional theory; Electrochemical sensor; Metoprolol; Molecularly imprinted polymer; Multivariate optimization