title: Comparison of Oxygen Plasma Treatment and Sandblasting of Titanium Implant-Abutment Surface on Bond Strength and Surface Topography.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This in vitro study was designed to compare the effects of oxygen plasma and sandblasting treatment of the surface of titanium implant abutments on retention of implant-supported fixed prostheses using eugenol-free provisional cement and surface topography. Cement failure mode and elemental composition were surveyed.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty implant abutments were used. They were divided into three groups (n = 10 implants) according to the surface treatment made (no treatment, sandblasting with 50 μm Al2O3, and oxygen plasma). Thirty metal copings were fabricated with an occlusal metal O-ring and cemented using eugenol-free cement. The tensile bond strength was recorded using a universal testing machine, cement failure was recorded, surface topography was determined using the optical method, and elemental composition was determined using energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy. Data from all the groups were compared with a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA; P < .05) and Tukey test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean values of tensile bond strength of metal copings bonded to three implant-abutment surface groups with either control, sandblasting, or oxygen plasma were 138.8 ± 10.2, 261.3 ± 20.6, and 264.7 ± 12.8 N, respectively. The cements failed adhesively in the control and oxygen plasma groups and cohesively for sandblasting. The mean values of surface roughness were 1.1 ± 0.2, 2.3 ± 0.5, and 1.0 ± 0.1, respectively. The oxygen plasma-treated group evidenced a decreased level of C and increased levels of O2.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The retention of cast crown copings to titanium implant abutments using eugenol-free provisional cement in the sandblasting and oxygen plasma groups was more improved than in the control group.
authors.forename: Nahla Gamal
authors.initials: NG
authors.lastname: El-Helbawy
authors.forename: Abeer Abd
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: El-Hatery
authors.forename: Mohammed Hassan
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Ahmed
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000044:Dental Abutments / Q000592:standards*; D003738:Dental Cements / Q000737:chemistry; D045662:Dental Etching / Q000379:methods*; D017268:Dental Prosthesis Retention / Q000592:standards*; D019094:Dental Prosthesis, Implant-Supported / Q000379:methods; D003799:Dental Stress Analysis / Q000379:methods; D005899:Glass Ionomer Cements / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D008422:Materials Testing; D010100:Oxygen; D019279:Resin Cements / Q000737:chemistry; D013499:Surface Properties; D013718:Tensile Strength; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D003738:Dental Cements; D005899:Glass Ionomer Cements; D019279:Resin Cements; D014025:Titanium; D010100:Oxygen