title: Cryopreservation of lar gibbon semen collected by manual stimulation.
abstract: We confirmed ejaculation as a result of manual stimulation in a lar gibbon, and attempted to cryopreserve the semen using TES-Tris-egg yolk-based (TTE) extender. After measuring the amount of semen (g), we first diluted the semen with TTE extender, and calculated sperm concentration (sperm/ml), total sperm count (sperm), and progressive sperm motility (%). Then, we cooled diluted semen slowly to 4 °C over 2 h, and added an equal volume of secondary extender containing glycerol over 30 min. Finally, we flash-froze the semen solution by plunging into liquid nitrogen. In addition, we freeze-thawed the solution to determine the recovery rate of the motile sperm. Collection of semen was successful on four of the five occasions. The median (min-max) quantity of ejaculate was 0.19 g (0.09-0.26 g), the median sperm concentration was 1.38 × 10(9) sperm/ml (1.20-1.53 × 10(9) sperm/ml), and the median total sperm count was 0.26 × 10(9) sperm (0.11-0.40 × 10(9) sperm). Moreover, the median sperm motility immediately after ejaculation was 65 % (60-75 %), the median sperm motility after freeze-thawing was 30 % (25-35 %), and the median recovery rate was 42.3 % (40.0-58.3 %). We were able to (1) collect semen from a lar gibbon by manual stimulation, (2) reveal andrological findings regarding semen characteristics, and (3) preserve the genetic resource using TTE cryopreservation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan. takasu@gifu-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Masaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Takasu
authors.affiliation: Kanazawa Zoological Park, 5-15-1 Kamariyahigashi, Kanazawa, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 236-0042, Japan.
authors.forename: Natsumi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Morita
authors.affiliation: Kanazawa Zoological Park, 5-15-1 Kamariyahigashi, Kanazawa, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 236-0042, Japan.
authors.forename: Shunichiro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tajima
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan.
authors.forename: Julio
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Almunia
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan.
authors.forename: Masami
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Maeda
authors.affiliation: Kanazawa Zoological Park, 5-15-1 Kamariyahigashi, Kanazawa, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 236-0042, Japan.
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kamiguchi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003247:Conservation of Natural Resources / Q000379:methods*; D015925:Cryopreservation / Q000662:veterinary*; D006922:Hylobates / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D012661:Semen / Q000502:physiology*; D012662:Semen Preservation / Q000662:veterinary*; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000502:physiology*
keywords: Lar gibbon; Manual stimulation; Semen cryopreservation