title: Extension and Application of High-Speed Digital Imaging Analysis Via Spatiotemporal Correlation and Eigenmode Analysis of Vocal Fold Vibration Before and After Polyp Excision.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the spatiotemporal correlation of vocal fold vibration using eigenmode analysis before and after polyp removal and explore the potential clinical relevance of spatiotemporal analysis of correlation length and entropy as quantitative voice parameters. We hypothesized that increased order in the vibrating signal after surgical intervention would decrease the eigenmode-based entropy and increase correlation length.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective case series.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty subjects (23 males, 17 females) with unilateral (n = 24) or bilateral (n = 16) polyps underwent polyp removal. High-speed videoendoscopy was performed preoperatively and 2 weeks postoperatively. Spatiotemporal analysis was performed to determine entropy, quantification of signal disorder, correlation length, size, and spatially ordered structure of vocal fold vibration in comparison to full spatial consistency. The signal analyzed consists of the vibratory pattern in space and time derived from the high-speed video glottal area contour.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Entropy decreased (Z = -3.871, P < .001) and correlation length increased (t = -8.913, P < .001) following polyp excision. The intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) for correlation length and entropy were 0.84 and 0.93.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Correlation length and entropy are sensitive to mass lesions. These parameters could potentially be used to augment subjective visualization after polyp excision when evaluating procedural efficacy.
authors.affiliation: Fudan University, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, EENT Hospital, Shanghai, China Jun-Sheng Wang and Emily Olszewski are co-first authors of the article.
authors.forename: Jun-Sheng
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Madison, Wisconsin, USA Jun-Sheng Wang and Emily Olszewski are co-first authors of the article.
authors.forename: Emily
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Olszewski
authors.affiliation: University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
authors.forename: Erin E
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Devine
authors.affiliation: University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
authors.forename: Matthew R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Hoffman
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Underwater Acoustic Communication and Marine Information Technology of the Ministry of Education, Xiamen University, Xiamen, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Fudan University, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, EENT Hospital, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shao
authors.affiliation: Fudan University, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, EENT Hospital, Shanghai, China University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Madison, Wisconsin, USA jjjiang@wisc.edu.
authors.forename: Jack J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Jiang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D019277:Entropy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D007818:Laryngeal Diseases / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D007828:Laryngoscopy / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011127:Polyps / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D062211:Spatio-Temporal Analysis; D014732:Vibration; D014741:Video Recording / Q000379:methods; D014827:Vocal Cords / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: correlation length; eigenmode analysis; entropy; high-speed digital imaging (HSDI); polyp; spatiotemporal analysis; vocal fold oscillation