title: Rapid fabrication of ionic liquid-functionalized monolithic column via in-situ urea-formaldehyde polycondensation for pressurized capillary electrochromatography.
abstract: A novel strategy for rapidly fabricating ionic liquid (IL)-bonded multifunctional monolithic stationary phase has been developed by an in-situ polycondensation of urea-formaldehyde (UF) and a lab-made acylamino-functionalized IL (1-acetylamino-propyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide, [AAPMIm]Br). Two polycondensation processes of UF with 1-amino-propyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide or [AAPMIm]Br were evaluated. Several parameters including mass ratio of urea-formaldehyde, amount of [AAPMIm]Br, polycondensation time and reaction temperature were optimized, and the [AAPMIm]Br-bonded monolithic stationary phase could be rapidly synthesized in 10min with a satisfactory permeability and mechanical stability. Used for pressurized capillary electrochromatography (pCEC), a typical hydrophilic interaction (HI) retention could be obtained in the resultant [AAPMIm]Br-bonded monolith when the content of acetonitrile (ACN) in mobile phase exceeded 20%. Multiple retention mechanisms such as hydrophilic interaction (HI), hydrogen bond (HH), anion-exchange and cation-exclude interactions, were acheived in the [AAPMIm]Br-bonded monolith. Various polar compounds including phenols, benzoic acid and its homologues, and enkephalins have been well separated and thus demonstrated a satisfactory separation performance of the obtained monolith. A facile access is lighted for rapid preparation of ionic liquid-bonded monoliths with multiple retention mechanisms for pCEC.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Food Safety and Environment Monitoring, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China; Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
authors.forename: Jiabin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
authors.forename: Fangling
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Institute of Food Safety and Environment Monitoring, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China.
authors.forename: Ruirui
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Xia
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
authors.forename: Qi
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Institute of Food Safety and Environment Monitoring, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China. Electronic address: xulin@fzu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Xucong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Institute of Food Safety and Environment Monitoring, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China.
authors.forename: Zenghong
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Xie
mesh_terms: D000097:Acetonitriles; D019817:Benzoic Acid / Q000302:isolation & purification; D053801:Capillary Electrochromatography / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D004745:Enkephalins / Q000302:isolation & purification; D005557:Formaldehyde / Q000737:chemistry*; D057927:Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000737:chemistry; D007474:Ion Exchange; D052578:Ionic Liquids / Q000737:chemistry*; D010636:Phenols / Q000302:isolation & purification; D058105:Polymerization; D014508:Urea / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000097:Acetonitriles; D004745:Enkephalins; D007093:Imidazoles; D052578:Ionic Liquids; D010636:Phenols; D005557:Formaldehyde; D019817:Benzoic Acid; D014508:Urea; C032159:acetonitrile
keywords: Ionic liquid-functionalized monolith; Pressurized capillary electrochromatography; Rapid fabrication; Urea-formaldehyde polycondensation