title: Gas chromatography-mass spectrometric method-based urine metabolomic profile of rats with pelvic inflammatory disease.
abstract: Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) can lead to a poor outcome of severe sequelae, and the current methods of clinical diagnosis are not satisfactory. Metabolomics is an effective method for the identification of disease-related metabolite biomarkers to facilitate disease diagnosis. However, to the best of our knowledge, no PID-associated metabolomic study has yet been carried out. The metabolomic changes of rats with PID were investigated in the present study. A PID model was constructed by the multi-pathogenic infection of the upper genital tract in rats. Infiltration of inflammatory cells and elevated expression levels of the cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 in the uterus and fallopian tubes validated the disease model. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry coupled with derivatization was used to determine the urine metabolomic profile. Principal component analysis and partial least squares-discriminant analysis of the data sets showed a clear separation of metabolic profiles between rats with PID and control rats. Eighteen differentiating metabolites were found, including four amino acids, three fatty acids, nine organic acids, and two sugars, which indicated alterations in sugar metabolism, the citric acid cycle, amino acid metabolism and fatty acid metabolism. These metabolites could be potential biomarkers of PID, and this research may offer a new approach to evaluate the effect of anti-PID drugs in pre-clinical or clinical trials.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Traditional Chinese Medicine in Obstetrics and Gynecology Research, The Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zou
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Traditional Chinese Medicine in Obstetrics and Gynecology Research, The Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Xiaoke
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wen
authors.affiliation: Technical Research Centre of Clinical Preventive and Treatment for Children, The Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Xiaoqi
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Sheng
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Traditional Chinese Medicine in Obstetrics and Gynecology Research, The Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Y I
authors.initials: YI
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Traditional Chinese Medicine in Obstetrics and Gynecology Research, The Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Zuoqi
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410007, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Jieying
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.affiliation: Traditional Chinese Medicine Department of Gynecology, The Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Shuqiong
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Technical Research Centre of Clinical Preventive and Treatment for Children, The Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Yichao
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Zeneng
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: Clinic Pharmacy Research Laboratory, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Daxiong
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Xiang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Yichu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nie
keywords: GC-MS; biomarker; metabolomic; pelvic inflammatory disease; rats; urine