title: Normative data for subcortical regional volumes over the lifetime of the adult human brain.
abstract: Normative data for volumetric estimates of brain structures are necessary to adequately assess brain volume alterations in individuals with suspected neurological or psychiatric conditions. Although many studies have described age and sex effects in healthy individuals for brain morphometry assessed via magnetic resonance imaging, proper normative values allowing to quantify potential brain abnormalities are needed. We developed norms for volumetric estimates of subcortical brain regions based on cross-sectional magnetic resonance scans from 2790 healthy individuals aged 18 to 94years using 23 samples provided by 21 independent research groups. The segmentation was conducted using FreeSurfer, a widely used and freely available automated segmentation software. Models predicting subcortical regional volumes of each hemisphere were produced including age, sex, estimated total intracranial volume (eTIV), scanner manufacturer, magnetic field strength, and interactions as predictors. The mean explained variance by the models was 48%. For most regions, age, sex and eTIV predicted most of the explained variance while manufacturer, magnetic field strength and interactions predicted a limited amount. Estimates of the expected volumes of an individual based on its characteristics and the scanner characteristics can be obtained using derived formulas. For a new individual, significance test for volume abnormality, effect size and estimated percentage of the normative population with a smaller volume can be obtained. Normative values were validated in independent samples of healthy adults and in adults with Alzheimer's disease and schizophrenia.
authors.affiliation: Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Québec, 2601, de la Canardière, Québec G1J 2G3, Canada.
authors.forename: Olivier
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Potvin
authors.affiliation: Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Québec, 2601, de la Canardière, Québec G1J 2G3, Canada.
authors.forename: Abderazzak
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mouiha
authors.affiliation: Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Québec, 2601, de la Canardière, Québec G1J 2G3, Canada.
authors.forename: Louis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Dieumegarde
authors.affiliation: Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Québec, 2601, de la Canardière, Québec G1J 2G3, Canada; Département de radiologie, Université Laval, 1050, avenue de la Médecine, Québec G1V 0A6, Canada. Electronic address: Simon.Duchesne@fmed.ulaval.ca.
authors.forename: Simon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Duchesne
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000375:Aging / Q000473:pathology*; D000465:Algorithms; D001921:Brain / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods*; D016247:Information Storage and Retrieval / Q000379:methods*; D008136:Longevity; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009929:Organ Size; D012016:Reference Values; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013382:Subtraction Technique; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Aging; Atrophy; Magnetic resonance imaging; Morphometry; Normality; Sex