title: Strongyloides infections of humans and great apes in Dzanga-Sangha Protected Areas, Central African Republic and in degraded forest fragments in Bulindi, Uganda.
abstract: DNA sequence analysis was carried out on Strongyloides spp. larvae obtained from fecal samples of local humans, a wild western lowland gorilla (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) and a central chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes troglodytes) inhabiting Dzanga-Sangha Protected Areas (DSPA), Central African Republic, and eastern chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii) living in degraded forest fragments on farmland in Bulindi, Uganda. From humans, both Strongyloides fuelleborni and Strongyloides stercoralis were recorded, though the former was predominant. Only S. fuelleborni was present in the great apes in both areas. Phylogenetic analysis of partial mtDNA cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 gene (Cox1) and comparison of 18S rDNA hyper variable region IV (HVR-IV) sequences implied that in DSPA S. fuelleborni populations in humans differ from those in the nonhuman great apes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Hasama, Yufu, Oita 879-5593, Japan. Electronic address: hasegawa@oita-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Hideo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hasegawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Palackeho tr. 1946/1, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic. Electronic address: barafrikacar@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Barbora
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kalousova
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Anthropology Centre for Conservation, Environment and Development, Oxford Brookes University, Gipsy Lane Campus, Oxford OX3 0BP, United Kingdom. Electronic address: mmclennan@brookes.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Matthew R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: McLennan
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Palackeho tr. 1946/1, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic; Biology Centre, Institute of Parasitology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Branisovska 31, 370 05 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic; Central European Institute for Technology (CEITEC), University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Palackeho tr. 1946/1, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic. Electronic address: modryd@vfu.cz.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Modry
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Palackeho tr. 1946/1, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic. Electronic address: ilona.psenkova@zoousti.cz.
authors.forename: Ilona
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Profousova-Psenkova
authors.affiliation: Department of Anthropology, Durham University, Stockton Rd., DH1 3LE Durham, United Kingdom; Fauna & Flora International, 4th Floor, Jupiter House, Station Road, Cambridge CB1 2JD, United Kingdom. Electronic address: Kathryn.Phillips@fauna-flora.org.
authors.forename: Kathryn A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Shutt-Phillips
authors.affiliation: WWF, Dzanga-Sangha Protected Areas, BP 1053 Bangui, Central African Republic. Electronic address: angeliqueftodd@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Angelique
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Todd
authors.affiliation: Section of Social Systems Evolution, Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Kanrin, Inuyama, Aichi 484-8506, Japan. Electronic address: huffman.michael.8n@kyoto-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Michael A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Huffman
authors.affiliation: Biology Centre, Institute of Parasitology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Branisovska 31, 370 05 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic; Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Kvetna 8, 603 65 Brno, Czech Republic; Liberec Zoo, Lidove sady 425/1, 460 01 Liberec, Czech Republic. Electronic address: petrzelkova@ivb.cz.
authors.forename: Klara J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Petrzelkova
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018420:Ape Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000469:parasitology; D001483:Base Sequence; D002488:Central African Republic / Q000453:epidemiology; D051545:Cyclooxygenase 1 / Q000235:genetics; D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial / Q000235:genetics; D016054:DNA, Protozoan / Q000235:genetics; D005243:Feces / Q000469:parasitology; D006071:Gorilla gorilla / Q000469:parasitology*; D006801:Humans; D007814:Larva / Q000235:genetics; D002679:Pan troglodytes / Q000469:parasitology*; D010802:Phylogeny; D012337:RNA, Ribosomal, 18S / Q000235:genetics; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D013321:Strongyloides / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D013322:Strongyloidiasis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000469:parasitology / Q000662:veterinary*; D014454:Uganda / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial; D016054:DNA, Protozoan; D012337:RNA, Ribosomal, 18S; D051545:Cyclooxygenase 1
keywords: Chimpanzee; Cox1; Gorilla; HVR-IV; Human; Strongyloides; Transmission