title: Fate and mass balance of triclosan and its degradation products: Comparison of three different types of wastewater treatments and aerobic/anaerobic sludge digestion.
abstract: Triclosan (TCS) as an antimicrobial agent has been ubiquitously found in wastewater and sewage sludge. TCS may undergo transformation/degradation during wastewater treatment. Some of the resulted products such as 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP), 2,8-dichlorodibenzoparadioxin (2,8-DCDD) and methyl triclosan (MTCS) are presumed toxic/persistent compounds. In this study, fate of TCS and the probability of formation of important degradation products were investigated in three susceptible wastewater/sludge treatment practices. 24.1% and 27.2% of the loading TCS was adsorbed to the generated sludge, whereas up to 60% of the loading TCS was biotransformed. Up to 9.9% and 13.0% of TCS loss was attributed to the formation of 2,4-DCP and 2,8-DCDD in chlorination and UV disinfection, respectively. Anaerobic and aerobic sludge digestion processes eliminated up to 23.0% and 56.0% of TCS, respectively. About 7.4% of TCS in aerobic digestion was transformed to methyl triclosan (MTCS). Significant temporal variation of TCS was observed in primary sedimentations, except for chemically enhanced primary treatment that was suggested to be governed by chemical-forced sedimentation. Distribution coefficient (Kd) of TCS was directly correlated to the total organic carbon of the sludge (TOC). Moreover, strong correlation was observed between elimination efficiency in primary sedimentation and loading concentration.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Environment and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China.
authors.forename: Fatemeh
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Tohidi
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Environment and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China. Electronic address: zwcai@hkbu.edu.hk.
authors.forename: Zongwei
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Cai
mesh_terms: D000332:Aerobiosis; D000465:Algorithms; D000693:Anaerobiosis; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D002244:Carbon / Q000032:analysis; D054879:Halogenation; D012621:Seasons; D012722:Sewage / Q000032:analysis*; D013696:Temperature; D014260:Triclosan / Q000032:analysis*; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D012722:Sewage; D014260:Triclosan; D002244:Carbon
keywords: 2,4-Dicholorophenol; 2,8-Dichlorodibenzoparadioxin; Biodegradation; Distribution coefficient; Mass balance; Sewage treatment plant; Triclosan