title: Satiety effects of psyllium in healthy volunteers.
abstract: Controlling hunger between meals is a challenge for many individuals. This manuscript comprises 2 sequential clinical trials investigating the effects of psyllium (Metamucil) on satiety, both using a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled cross-over design. The first study determined the effects of 3.4 g, 6.8 g, and 10.2 g of psyllium taken before breakfast and lunch for 3 days. The second study determined the effects of 6.8 g (taken before breakfast and lunch on Days 1 and 2 and before breakfast on Day 3) on the satiety of participants receiving an energy restricted meal in the morning (breakfast) for 3 days. Efficacy endpoints were mean inter-meal hunger, desire to eat, and Satiety Labeled Intensity Magnitude Visual Analog Scale scores. In Study 1, all 3 psyllium doses resulted in directional or statistically significant mean reductions in hunger and desire to eat, and increased fullness between meals compared to placebo, with both higher doses better than placebo or 3.4 g. The 6.8 g dose provided more consistent (p ≤ 0.013) satiety benefits versus placebo. In Study 2, satiety was assessed similarly to Study 1. A significant (p ≤ 0.004) decrease in the 3-day mean hunger and desire to eat, as well as an increase in fullness for psyllium relative to placebo was observed. Most adverse events were mild gastrointestinal symptoms and were similar for psyllium compared to placebo. These results indicate that psyllium supplementation contributes to greater fullness and less hunger between meals.
authors.affiliation: Procter & Gamble Personal Health Care, 8700 Mason Montgomery Road, Mason, OH, 45040, USA.
authors.forename: Jose M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Brum
authors.affiliation: Procter & Gamble Personal Health Care, 8700 Mason Montgomery Road, Mason, OH, 45040, USA.
authors.forename: Roger D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Gibb
authors.affiliation: University of Colorado, Anschutz Health and Wellness Center, 12348 E. Montview Blvd, C263, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
authors.forename: John C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Peters
authors.affiliation: Purdue University, 212 Stone Hall, 700 W State Street, West Lafayette, IN, 47907-2059, USA. Electronic address: mattes@purdue.edu.
authors.forename: Richard D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Mattes
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001067:Appetite Depressants / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015992:Body Mass Index; D062408:Breakfast; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D002149:Energy Intake; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006815:Hunger; D057194:Intention to Treat Analysis; D062409:Lunch; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009325:Nausea / Q000209:etiology; D050177:Overweight / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000517:prevention & control*; D010352:Patient Dropouts; D056692:Prebiotics / Q000009:adverse effects; D011620:Psyllium / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012528:Satiety Response; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D001067:Appetite Depressants; D056692:Prebiotics; D011620:Psyllium
keywords: Appetite; Dietary fiber; Fullness; Hunger; Metamucil; Psyllium; Satiety