title: Disaccharidase activity in children undergoing esophagogastroduodenoscopy: A systematic review.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the utility of intestinal disaccharide analysis during esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) in children, we performed a systematic review of studies examining disaccharide activity.
  
  
  METHODS
  All full-length articles published in English during 1966-2014 were included if: (1) participants had small intestinal biopsy evaluation of disaccharide activity; (2) levels of lactase, sucrase, maltase or palatinase were reported; and (3) age of participants was under 18 years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty articles examining 34753 disaccharide assays fulfilled the specific search, inclusion, and exclusion criteria. All of the studies were observational in design and 57% (17) were prospective. Sixteen studies were conducted in the United States and 9 European studies were identified. The biggest study enrolled about 30, 314 procedures and 13 studies investigated fewer than 50 procedures. Eleven studies examined Caucasian subjects, 3 studies examined Asian subjects, and 6 examined African subjects. Only one Hispanic subject was included. In studies reporting disaccharide deficiency, the overall proportion of lactase deficiency was 39.2%, sucrase deficiency was 9.0%, maltase deficiency was 12.6% and palatinase deficiency was 9.1%. The prevalence of duodenal inflammatory changes ranged from 6% to 24% for non-specific histological lesions (e.g., duodenitis). Sixteen studies examined the association of histologic findings with disaccharide activities, and 12 studies reported an inverse association between degree of histologic inflammation and disaccharide levels.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We reviewed 30 studies including 34753 biopsy specimens with disaccharide analysis from children undergoing EGD. Our findings advocate a large study is to further illuminate the importance of EGD with disaccharide analysis in children.
authors.affiliation: Taylor Daileda, Peter Baek, Morgan E Sutter, Kalpesh Thakkar, the SONIC Gut Research Group, Houston, TX 77479, United States.
authors.forename: Taylor
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Daileda
authors.affiliation: Taylor Daileda, Peter Baek, Morgan E Sutter, Kalpesh Thakkar, the SONIC Gut Research Group, Houston, TX 77479, United States.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Baek
authors.affiliation: Taylor Daileda, Peter Baek, Morgan E Sutter, Kalpesh Thakkar, the SONIC Gut Research Group, Houston, TX 77479, United States.
authors.forename: Morgan E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Sutter
authors.affiliation: Taylor Daileda, Peter Baek, Morgan E Sutter, Kalpesh Thakkar, the SONIC Gut Research Group, Houston, TX 77479, United States.
authors.forename: Kalpesh
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Thakkar
keywords: Children; Disaccharidase; Endoscopy