title: RETRACTED: Electrical Stimulation for Hemiplegic Shoulder Function: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of 15 Randomized Controlled Trials.
abstract: This article has been retracted: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (https://www.elsevier.com/about/our-business/policies/article-withdrawal).
  
  This article has been retracted at the request of the co-Editors-in-Chief. The article plagiarizes a paper that was published in BioMed Research International, Volume 2015 (2015), Article ID 729768, 14 pages, http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/729768. Nearly the entire introduction and sections of the methods, limitations and conclusions duplicate the BioMed Research International paper. One of the conditions of submission of a paper to Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation is that authors declare explicitly that the paper is an original work and not duplicative of prior work unless that work is cited properly. The duplication in this manuscript is a severe abuse of the scientific publishing system. The scientific community takes a very strong view on this matter.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Wuxi Fifth People's Hospital, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Wuxi Fifth People's Hospital, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.
authors.forename: Juan-Juan
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Ran
keywords: Electrical stimulation; Hemiplegia; Meta-analysis; Pain; Rehabilitation; Shoulder