title: The Influence of Manganese and Glutamine Intake on Antioxidants and Neurotransmitter Amino Acids Levels in Rats' Brain.
abstract: Depending on the concentration, Mn can exert protective or toxic effect. Potential mechanism for manganese neurotoxicity is manganese-induced oxidative stress. Glutamine supplementation could reduce manganese-induced neurotoxicity and is able to influence the neurotransmission processes. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the long term administration of manganese (alone or in combination with glutamine) in dose and time dependent manner could affect the selected parameters of oxidative-antioxidative status (superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities, concentrations of vitamin C and malonic dialdehyde) and concentrations of excitatory (Asp, Glu) and inhibitory amino acids (GABA, Gly) in the brain of rats. The experiments were carried out on 2-months-old albino male rats randomly divided into 6 group: Mn300 and Mn500-received solution of MnCl2 to drink (dose 300 and 500 mg/L, respectively), Gln group-solution of glutamine (4 g/L), Mn300-Gln and Mn500-Gln groups-solution of Mn at 300 and 500 mg/L and Gln at 4 g/L dose. The control group (C) received deionized water. Half of the animals were euthanized after three and the other half-after 6 weeks of experiment. The exposure of rats to Mn in drinking water contributes to diminishing of the antioxidant enzymes activity and the increase in level of lipid peroxidation. Glutamine in the diet admittedly increases SOD and GPx activity, but it is unable to restore the intracellular redox balance. The most significant differences in the examined amino acids levels in comparison to both control and Gln group were observed in the group of rats receiving Mn at 500 mg/L dose alone or with Gln. It seems that Gln is amino acid which could improve antioxidant status and affect the concentrations of the neurotransmitters.
authors.affiliation: Chair and Department of Medical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, 4A Chodźki Street, 20-093, Lublin, Poland.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Szpetnar
authors.affiliation: Chair and Department of Medical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, 4A Chodźki Street, 20-093, Lublin, Poland. dorota.luchowska-kocot@umlub.pl.
authors.forename: Dorota
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Luchowska-Kocot
authors.affiliation: Chair and Department of Medical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, 4A Chodźki Street, 20-093, Lublin, Poland.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Boguszewska-Czubara
authors.affiliation: Chair and Department of Medical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, 4A Chodźki Street, 20-093, Lublin, Poland.
authors.forename: Jacek
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kurzepa
mesh_terms: D000596:Amino Acids / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism*; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005973:Glutamine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008297:Male; D008345:Manganese / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D000975:Antioxidants; D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D005973:Glutamine; D008345:Manganese
keywords: Antioxidants; Glutamine; Manganese; Neurotransmitter amino acids; Oxidative stress