title: Cadmium Removal from Rice by Separating and Washing Protein Isolate.
abstract: In this study detoxification of 3 Chinese Cd-contaminated cultivars (Jinyou463, Yuchi, and Xiangzaoxian 32) of rice was explored. By separation with an alkaline method, Cd concentrations of the starch isolates were decreased from 0.2769, 0.4037, and 0.5156 mg/kg in starting milled rice to 0.1056, 0.1585, and 0.1923 mg/kg, respectively. However, the Cd concentrations reached up to 2.5905, 3.1628, and 4.8593 mg/kg in the protein isolates, respectively. Therefore, 10 common acids in food industry were investigated to remove Cd from protein isolate by washing process. The optimal washing conditions were 0.5 M citric acid, acid to rice protein isolate ratio of 6:1 v/w, shaking time of 1 h at room temperature. The rice protein isolate showed a significant decrease in Cd concentration and the removal efficiency was more than 95% after 2 washings at optimized conditions. Rice proteins were not degraded at all and had very little loss during citric acid washing process. The study presents a promising way of depurating Cd-contaminated rice, and meanwhile it reduces the risk of heavy metal causing food safety issues effectively.
authors.affiliation: College of Food Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural Univ, Wuhan, 40070, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Yinqiang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Huo
authors.affiliation: College of Food Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural Univ, Wuhan, 40070, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Hongying
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Du
authors.affiliation: College of Food Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural Univ, Wuhan, 40070, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Bingying
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Xue
authors.affiliation: College of Food Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural Univ, Wuhan, 40070, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Meng
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Niu
authors.affiliation: College of Food Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural Univ, Wuhan, 40070, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Siming
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhao
mesh_terms: D002104:Cadmium / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D019343:Citric Acid / Q000737:chemistry; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis; D005511:Food Handling; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D019216:Metals, Heavy / Q000302:isolation & purification; D008970:Molecular Weight; D012275:Oryza / Q000737:chemistry*; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D013213:Starch / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification
chemical_list: D019216:Metals, Heavy; D010940:Plant Proteins; D002104:Cadmium; D019343:Citric Acid; D013213:Starch
keywords: cadmium removal; citric acid washing; protein isolate; rice; starch isolate