title: Origins of Semisulcospira libertina (gastropoda: semisulcospiridae) in Taiwan.
abstract: The most accepted hypothesis has suggested that the fauna in Taiwan Island originated from South China, but some studies supported the Japan, Ryukyu Archipelago, and Taiwan Islands as a unique biogeographical district. This study examines whether the populations of freshwater snail Semisulcospira libertina in Taiwan are closer to those in Japan based on the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene sequences. Our study shows the populations in North Taiwan originated from Japan and the cyclic glacial caused the migrations among islands and continent repeatedly; the populations in South Taiwan might originate from South China or South Asia. Our results will not only affect the conclusions in phylogeography of freshwater species in Taiwan but also change the sampling plans in the future studies about evolutionary of freshwater species in East Asia.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Science Education, National Museum of Marine Biology and Aquarium , Pingtung , Taiwan.|b Graduate Institute of Marine Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, National Dong Hwa University , Pingtung , Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yuh-Wen
authors.initials: YW
authors.lastname: Chiu
authors.affiliation: c Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology , Kaohsiung Medical University , Kaohsiung , Taiwan.
authors.forename: Hor
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bor
authors.affiliation: d Department of Industrial Management , National Taiwan University of Science and Technology , Taipei , Taiwan.
authors.forename: Po-Hsun
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Kuo
authors.affiliation: d Department of Industrial Management , National Taiwan University of Science and Technology , Taipei , Taiwan.
authors.forename: Kui-Ching
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.affiliation: c Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology , Kaohsiung Medical University , Kaohsiung , Taiwan.
authors.forename: Mian-Shin
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.affiliation: e Department of Environmental Engineering and Science , Feng Chia University , Taichung , Taiwan.
authors.forename: Wei-Kuang
authors.initials: WK
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: f Department of Biology, The Affiliated School of National Tainan First Senior High School , Tainan , Taiwan.
authors.forename: Hung-Du
authors.initials: HD
authors.lastname: Lin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003576:Electron Transport Complex IV / Q000235:genetics*; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D054629:Genome, Mitochondrial; D007564:Japan; D010802:Phylogeny; D058974:Phylogeography; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA / Q000379:methods*; D012908:Snails / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics; D013624:Taiwan
chemical_list: D003576:Electron Transport Complex IV
keywords: Cryptic species; East Asia islands; Semisulcospira libertina