title: Three dimensional alginate-fucoidan composite hydrogel augments the chondrogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stromal cells.
abstract: Presence of sulfated polysaccharides like heparan sulphate has often been implicated in the regulation of chondrogenesis. However, recently there has been a plethora of interest in the use of non-animal extracted analogs of heparan sulphate. Here we remodeled alginate (1.5%) by incorporating fucoidan (0.5%), a natural sulphated polysaccharide extracted from seaweeds to form a composite hydrogel (Al-Fu), capable of enhancing chondrogenesis of human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs). We confirmed the efficiency of fucoidan incorporation by FTIR and EDX analysis. Further, its ability to support hMSC attachment and chondrogenic differentiation was confirmed by SEM, biochemical glycosaminoglycan quantification, real-time quantitative PCR and immunocytochemical analyses of chondrogenic markers Sox-9, Collagen II, Aggrecan and COMP. Effect of Al-Fu hydrogel on hMSC hypertrophy was also confirmed by the downregulation of hypertrophic genes Collagen X and Runx2. This composite scaffold can hence be used as a cartilage biomimetic biomaterial to drive hMSC chondrogenesis and for other cartilage repair based therapies.
authors.affiliation: Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, NOCERAL, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Puvanan
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Karunanithi
authors.affiliation: Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, NOCERAL, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Electronic address: drmurali@um.edu.my.
authors.forename: Malliga Raman
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Murali
authors.affiliation: Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, NOCERAL, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Shani
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Samuel
authors.affiliation: Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, NOCERAL, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Hanumanantha Rao Balaji
authors.initials: HRB
authors.lastname: Raghavendran
authors.affiliation: Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, NOCERAL, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Azlina Amir
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Abbas
authors.affiliation: Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, NOCERAL, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Electronic address: tkzrea@um.edu.my.
authors.forename: Tunku
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kamarul
mesh_terms: D000464:Alginates / Q000737:chemistry*; D000818:Animals; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D020219:Chondrogenesis; D020723:Glucuronic Acid / Q000737:chemistry; D006603:Hexuronic Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D020136:Hydrogel, Polyethylene Glycol Dimethacrylate / Q000737:chemistry*; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology*; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000464:Alginates; D006603:Hexuronic Acids; D011134:Polysaccharides; D020136:Hydrogel, Polyethylene Glycol Dimethacrylate; D020723:Glucuronic Acid; C007789:fucoidan
keywords: Alginate; Cartilage; Chondrogenesis; Fucoidan; Mesenchymal stromal cells; Microenvironment