title: Morphology and staining behavior of neutrophilic and eosinophilic granulocytes of the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus).
abstract: Common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) are frequently used as translational animal models for human diseases. However, a comparative study of cytological and histochemical detection methods as well as morphometric and ultrastructural characterization of neutrophils and eosinophils in this species is lacking. Blood samples of house dust mite sensitized and allergen challenged as well as lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenged marmosets were analyzed with different cytological and histological staining methods. Furthermore, cell size and number of nuclear segments were compared between neutrophils and eosinophils. Electron microscopy was performed to characterize the ultrastructure of granulocytes. Of all applied cytological stains, three allowed differentiation of eosinophils and neutrophils and, thus, reliable quantification in blood smears: May-Grünwald-Giemsa stain, Congo Red and Naphthol AS-D Chloroacetate-Esterase. For histology, Hematoxylin-Eosin (H&E) could not demonstrate clear differences, whereas Sirius Red, Congo Red, and Naphthol AS-D Chloroacetate Esterase showed capable results for identification of eosinophils or neutrophils in lung tissue. Morphometry revealed that marmoset neutrophils have more nuclear segments and are slightly larger than eosinophils. Ultrastructurally, eosinophils presented with large homogeneous electron-dense granules without crystalloid cores, while neutrophils were characterized by heterogeneous granules of different size and density. Additionally, sombrero-like vesicles were detected in tissue eosinophils of atopic marmosets, indicative for hypersensitivity-related piecemeal degranulation. In conclusion, we provide a detailed overview of marmoset eosinophils and neutrophils, important for phenotypic characterization of marmoset models for human airway diseases.
authors.affiliation: Pathology Unit, German Primate Center, Leibniz-Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen, Germany. Electronic address: mbleyer@dpz.eu.
authors.forename: Martina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bleyer
authors.affiliation: Pathology Unit, German Primate Center, Leibniz-Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen, Germany; Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease (BREATH) Research Network, Member of the Cluster of Excellence Regenerative Biology to Reconstructive Therapy (REBIRTH), Hannover, Germany.
authors.forename: Christoph
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Curths
authors.affiliation: Pathology Unit, German Primate Center, Leibniz-Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen, Germany; Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease (BREATH) Research Network, Member of the Cluster of Excellence Regenerative Biology to Reconstructive Therapy (REBIRTH), Hannover, Germany.
authors.forename: Franziska
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Dahlmann
authors.affiliation: Pathology Unit, German Primate Center, Leibniz-Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen, Germany; Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease (BREATH) Research Network, Member of the Cluster of Excellence Regenerative Biology to Reconstructive Therapy (REBIRTH), Hannover, Germany.
authors.forename: Judy
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wichmann
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Clinical Pathophysiology and Clinical Pathology, Justus-Liebig-University Gießen, Germany.
authors.forename: Natali
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Bauer
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Clinical Pathophysiology and Clinical Pathology, Justus-Liebig-University Gießen, Germany.
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Moritz
authors.affiliation: Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease (BREATH) Research Network, Member of the Cluster of Excellence Regenerative Biology to Reconstructive Therapy (REBIRTH), Hannover, Germany.
authors.forename: Armin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Braun
authors.affiliation: Pathology Unit, German Primate Center, Leibniz-Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen, Germany; Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease (BREATH) Research Network, Member of the Cluster of Excellence Regenerative Biology to Reconstructive Therapy (REBIRTH), Hannover, Germany.
authors.forename: Sascha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Knauf
authors.affiliation: Pathology Unit, German Primate Center, Leibniz-Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Franz-Josef
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Kaup
authors.affiliation: Pathology Unit, German Primate Center, Leibniz-Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gruber-Dujardin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002144:Callithrix / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology*; D004804:Eosinophils / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D006098:Granulocytes / Q000648:ultrastructure; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D013194:Staining and Labeling
keywords: Common marmoset; Cytological staining; Eosinophil; Histology; Neutrophil; Ultrastructural morphology