title: Implantation of juvenile human chondrocytes demonstrates no adverse effect on spinal nerve tissue in rats.
abstract: Degenerative disc disease (DDD) is a common disabling condition for millions of individuals. Injection of xenogenic juvenile chondrocytes (XJC) into the disc space has been shown to have a therapeutic potential for disc repair. In the current study, XJC were injected extra-discally on neural structures in an in vivo rat hemilaminectomy model to compare the histological and behavioral effects on XJC and fibrin glue carrier.
  
  
  
  Twenty-four rats were assigned to four groups: cells plus carrier, carrier alone, sham hemi-laminectomy, and a positive control (nerve root ligation). A right-sided hemilaminectomy was performed and the study material was placed on and around the exposed L4 nerve root and the spinal cord. Pre- and postoperatively mechanical allodynia was tested on the ipsilateral hind paw using the von Frey up-down method. The lumbar spines were harvested after 6 and 12 weeks for nerve histology and TNF-α quantification.
  
  
  
  After a brief period of hyperalgesia, the von Frey data indicate there are no adverse effects of placing XJC on spinal nerve roots in rats. However ligation of nerve root showed significant allodynia compared to the other groups. These behavioral data were supported by histological analyses.
  
  
  
  While these results need to be confirmed over a larger period of time, they suggest that XJC transplantation into the disc space shows no adverse effect on nerve tissue.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Orthopaedic Bioengineering Laboratory, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA. fabrice.kuelling@kssg.ch.|Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, 9007 St., Gallen, Switzerland. fabrice.kuelling@kssg.ch.
authors.forename: Fabrice A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Külling
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Orthopaedic Bioengineering Laboratory, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.
authors.forename: Jane J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Orthopaedic Bioengineering Laboratory, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.
authors.forename: Ellen
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Liebenberg
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Orthopaedic Bioengineering Laboratory, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.
authors.forename: Jeffrey C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Lotz
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D019902:Chondrocytes / Q000473:pathology / Q000637:transplantation*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D055959:Intervertebral Disc Degeneration / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D008161:Lumbosacral Region / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000473:pathology; D013126:Spinal Nerve Roots / Q000473:pathology; D013127:Spinal Nerves / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
keywords: Degenerative disc disease; Disc regeneration; Xenogenic juvenile chondrocytes