title: Effects of pectin supplementation on the fermentation patterns of different structural carbohydrates in rats.
abstract: We aimed to investigate and compare the effects of four types of pectins on dietary fiber (DF) fermentation, microbiota composition, and short chain fatty acid (SCFA) production throughout the large intestine in rats.
  
  
  
  Male Wistar rats were given diets supplemented with or without 3% structurally different pectins for 7 weeks. Different fermentation patterns of pectins and different location of fermentation of pectin and diet arabinoxylans (AXs) in the large intestine were observed. During cecal fermentation, sugar beet pectin significantly stimulated Lactobacillus (p < 0.01) and Lachnospiraceae (p < 0.05). The stimulating effects of sugar beet pectin on these two groups of microbes are stronger than both other pectins. In the cecum, low-methyl esterified citrus pectin and complex soy pectin increased (p < 0.05) the production of total SCFAs, propionate and butyrate, whereas high-methyl esterified pectin and sugar beet pectin did not. The fermentation patterns of cereal AXs in the cecum were significantly different upon supplementation of different pectins. These differences, however, became smaller in the colon due to an enhanced fermentation of the remaining DFs.
  
  
  
  Dietary supplementation of pectin is a potential strategy to modulate the location of fermentation of DFs, and consequently microbiota composition and SCFA production for health-promoting effects.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Lingmin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.affiliation: Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Science, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Scholte
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Klaudyna
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Borewicz
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Bartholomeus
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: van den Bogert
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Hauke
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Smidt
authors.affiliation: Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Science, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Anton J W
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Scheurink
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Harry
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gruppen
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands. henk.schols@wur.nl.
authors.forename: Henk A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Schols
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D027461:Beta vulgaris / Q000737:chemistry; D002432:Cecum / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology; D002957:Citrus / Q000737:chemistry; D003106:Colon / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology; D004043:Dietary Fiber / Q000378:metabolism*; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004063:Digestion; D000069196:Gastrointestinal Microbiome / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics; D008297:Male; D010368:Pectins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013025:Glycine max / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D004043:Dietary Fiber; D011134:Polysaccharides; D010368:Pectins
keywords: Digestibility; Gut microbiota; MiSeq sequencing; Pectin; SCFA