title: Pesticide regulations for agriculture: Chemically flawed regulatory practice.
abstract: Two categories of pesticide soil models now exist. Government regulatory agencies use pesticide fate and transport hydrology models, including versions of PRZM.gw. They have good descriptions of pesticide transport by water flow. Their descriptions of chemical mechanisms are unrealistic, having been postulated using the universally accepted but incorrect pesticide soil science. The objective of this work is to report experimental tests of a pesticide soil model in use by regulatory agencies and to suggest possible improvements. Tests with experimentally based data explain why PRZM.gw predictions can be wrong by orders of magnitude. Predictive spreadsheet models are the other category. They are experimentally based, with chemical stoichiometry applied to integral kinetic rate laws for sorption, desorption, intra-particle diffusion, and chemical reactions. They do not account for pesticide transport through soils. Each category of models therefore lacks what the other could provide. They need to be either harmonized or replaced. Some preliminary tests indicate that an experimental mismatch between the categories of models will have to be resolved. Reports of pesticides in the environment and the medical problems that overlap geographically indicate that government regulatory practice needs to account for chemical kinetics and mechanisms. Questions about possible cause and effect links could then be investigated.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Chemistry , Saint Mary's University , Halifax , Nova Scotia , Canada.
authors.forename: Donald S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Gamble
authors.affiliation: b Wee Yong Laboratory, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary , Calgary , Alberta , Canada.
authors.forename: Aldo G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Bruccoleri
mesh_terms: D000383:Agriculture / Q000592:standards*; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D010575:Pesticides / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000592:standards*; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry*; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000592:standards*
chemical_list: D010575:Pesticides; D012987:Soil; D012989:Soil Pollutants
keywords: PRZM.gw; intra-particle diffusion; kinetic rate coefficients; labile sorption sites; pesticide soil kinetics; pesticide soil mechanisms; pesticide spreadsheet models; soil stoichiometry