title: Raman spectroscopy and coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering imaging: prospective tools for monitoring skeletal cells and skeletal regeneration.
abstract: The use of skeletal stem cells (SSCs) for cell-based therapies is currently one of the most promising areas for skeletal disease treatment and skeletal tissue repair. The ability for controlled modification of SSCs could provide significant therapeutic potential in regenerative medicine, with the prospect to permanently repopulate a host with stem cells and their progeny. Currently, SSC differentiation into the stromal lineages of bone, fat and cartilage is assessed using different approaches that typically require cell fixation or lysis, which are invasive or even destructive. Raman spectroscopy and coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) microscopy present an exciting alternative for studying biological systems in their natural state, without any perturbation. Here we review the applications of Raman spectroscopy and CARS imaging in stem-cell research, and discuss the potential of these two techniques for evaluating SSCs, skeletal tissues and skeletal regeneration as an exemplar.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Highfield Campus, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK Bone and Joint Research Group, Centre for Human Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration, Institute of Developmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK.
authors.forename: Catarina Costa
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Moura
authors.affiliation: Bone and Joint Research Group, Centre for Human Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration, Institute of Developmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK.
authors.forename: Rahul S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Tare
authors.affiliation: Bone and Joint Research Group, Centre for Human Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration, Institute of Developmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK.
authors.forename: Richard O C
authors.initials: RO
authors.lastname: Oreffo
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Highfield Campus, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK s.mahajan@soton.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Sumeet
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mahajan
mesh_terms: D001847:Bone Diseases / Q000378:metabolism / Q000628:therapy; D001861:Bone Regeneration; D058948:Cell Tracking / Q000379:methods*; D044968:Regenerative Medicine / Q000379:methods*; D013059:Spectrum Analysis, Raman / Q000379:methods*; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000378:metabolism*
keywords: Raman; coherent; coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering; skeletal; stem cells