title: Connective tissue growth factor is activated by gastrin and involved in gastrin-induced migration and invasion.
abstract: Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) has been reported in gastric adenocarcinoma and in carcinoid tumors. The aim of this study was to explore a possible link between CTGF and gastrin in gastric epithelial cells and to study the role of CTGF in gastrin induced migration and invasion of AGS-GR cells. The effects of gastrin were studied using RT-qPCR, Western blot and assays for migration and invasion. We report an association between serum gastrin concentrations and CTGF abundancy in the gastric corpus mucosa of hypergastrinemic subjects and mice. We found a higher expression of CTGF in gastric mucosa tissue adjacent to tumor compared to normal control tissue. We showed that gastrin induced expression of CTGF in gastric epithelial AGS-GR cells via MEK, PKC and PKB/AKT pathways. CTGF inhibited gastrin induced migration and invasion of AGS-GR cells. We conclude that CTGF expression is stimulated by gastrin and involved in remodeling of the gastric epithelium.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
authors.forename: Sabin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bhandari
authors.affiliation: Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
authors.forename: Ingunn
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Bakke
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.affiliation: Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
authors.forename: Vidar
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Beisvag
authors.affiliation: Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, St. Olav's University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway.
authors.forename: Arne K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Sandvik
authors.affiliation: Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
authors.forename: Liv
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Thommesen
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Varro
authors.affiliation: Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Central Norway Regional Health Authority (RHA), Stjørdal, Norway. Electronic address: kristin.norsett@ntnu.no.
authors.forename: Kristin G
authors.initials: KG
authors.lastname: Nørsett
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D000818:Animals; D002465:Cell Movement; D055513:Connective Tissue Growth Factor / Q000378:metabolism*; D005753:Gastric Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism; D005755:Gastrins / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness / Q000473:pathology; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013270:Stomach / Q000473:pathology*; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D005755:Gastrins; D055513:Connective Tissue Growth Factor
keywords: Connective tissue growth factor; Gastric epithelial cells; Gastrin; Invasion; Migration