title: The effectiveness of interventions designed to reduce medication administration errors: a synthesis of findings from systematic reviews.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this overview was to examine the effectiveness of interventions designed to improve patient safety by reducing medication administration errors using data from systematic reviews.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Medication administration errors remain unacceptably high despite the introduction of a range of interventions aimed at enhancing patient safety. Systematic reviews of strategies designed to improve medication safety report contradictory findings. A critical appraisal and synthesis of these findings are, therefore, warranted.
  
  
  METHODS
  A comprehensive three-step search strategy was employed to search across 10 electronic databases. Two reviewers independently examined the methodological rigour and scientific quality of included systematic reviews using the Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews protocol.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sixteen systematic reviews were eligible for inclusion. Evidence suggest that multifaceted approaches involving a combination education and risk management strategies and the use of bar code technology are effective in reducing medication errors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  More research is needed to determine the benefits of routine double-checking of medications during administration by nurses, outcomes of self-administration of medications by capable patients, and associations between interruptions and medications errors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Medication-related incidents must be captured in a way that facilitates meaningful categorisation including contributing factors, potential and actual/risk of harm and contextual information on the incident.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales, Australia. Samuel.lapkin@uts.edu.au.
authors.forename: Samuel
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1618-3812
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lapkin
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.
authors.forename: Tracy
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Levett-Jones
authors.affiliation: Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia.
authors.forename: Lynn
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chenoweth
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, North Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.|The Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, NSW, Australia.
authors.forename: Maree
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Johnson
mesh_terms: D004509:Education, Nursing, Continuing / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards*; D006801:Humans; D008508:Medication Errors / Q000451:nursing / Q000517:prevention & control*; D009726:Nurses / Q000523:psychology / Q000592:standards; D061214:Patient Safety / Q000592:standards; D012308:Risk Management / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards*
keywords: medication administration; medication errors; medication safety; patient safety; systematic reviews