title: Updated French guidelines for diagnosis and management of pelvic inflammatory disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is commonly encountered in clinical practice.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To provide up-to-date guidelines on management of PID.
  
  
  METHODS
  An initial search of the Cochrane database, PubMed, and Embase was performed using keywords related to PID to identify reports in any language published between January 1990 and January 2012, with an update in May 2015.
  
  
  METHODS
  All identified reports relevant to the areas of focus were included.
  
  
  METHODS
  A level of evidence based on the quality of the data available was applied for each area of focus and used for the guidelines.
  
  
  RESULTS
  PID must be suspected when spontaneous pelvic pain is associated with induced adnexal or uterine pain (grade C). Pelvic ultrasonography is necessary to exclude tubo-ovarian abscess (grade B). Microbiological diagnosis requires vaginal and endocervical sampling for molecular and bacteriological analysis (grade B). First-line treatment for uncomplicated PID combines ofloxacin and metronidazole for 14days (grade B). Treatment of tubo-ovarian abscess is based on drainage if the collection measures more than 3cm (grade B), with combined ceftriaxone, metronidazole, and doxycycline for 14-21days.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Current management of PID requires easily reproducible investigations and treatment, and thus can be applied worldwide.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Pellegrin University Hospital, Bordeaux, France. Electronic address: jean-luc.brun@chu-bordeaux.fr.
authors.forename: Jean-Luc
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Brun
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Alix-de-Champagne University Hospital, Reims, France.
authors.forename: Olivier
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Graesslin
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Poissy-St-Germain University Hospital, Poissy, France.
authors.forename: Arnaud
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fauconnier
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Caen, France.
authors.forename: Renaud
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Verdon
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, La Conception University Hospital, Marseille, France.
authors.forename: Aubert
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Agostini
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Cochin University Hospital, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Antoine
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bourret
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Alix-de-Champagne University Hospital, Reims, France.
authors.forename: Emilie
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Derniaux
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Strasbourg University Hospital, Schiltigheim, France.
authors.forename: Olivier
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Garbin
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Poissy-St-Germain University Hospital, Poissy, France.
authors.forename: Cyrille
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Huchon
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital, Nancy, France.
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lamy
authors.affiliation: Department of Bacteriology, Bretonneau University Hospital, Tours, France.
authors.forename: Roland
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Quentin
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital, Nancy, France.
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Judlin
mesh_terms: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002443:Ceftriaxone / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019468:Disease Management; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D005602:France; D006801:Humans; D008795:Metronidazole / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015242:Ofloxacin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000292:Pelvic Inflammatory Disease / Q000145:classification / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000188:drug therapy*; D010388:Pelvis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D012955:Societies, Medical; D014463:Ultrasonography
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D008795:Metronidazole; D002443:Ceftriaxone; D015242:Ofloxacin
keywords: Antibiotic prophylaxis; Antibiotic therapy; Bacteriological sampling; Pelvic inflammatory disease; Tubo-ovarian abscess