title: Short Communication: Effect of Antiretroviral Therapy on Circulating Damage-Associated Molecular Pattern Molecules and CD4 Immune Reconstitution in HIV-Infected Individuals.
abstract: We examined levels of the damage-associated molecular pattern molecules, HMGB1 and S100A9, in individuals for whom stored samples were available before and after antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation, to determine their association with CD4 reconstitution. Mean HMGB1 levels (1.95 ng/ml vs. 3.02 ng/ml) and the proportion of individuals with detectable S100A9 (19.6% vs. 43.1%) significantly increased after ART. Detectable post-ART S100A9 was independently associated with impaired immune reconstitution.
authors.affiliation: 1 Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington.
authors.forename: Daniel R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Drozd
authors.affiliation: 1 Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington.|2 Department of Global Health, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington.|3 Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington.
authors.forename: Susan M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Graham
authors.affiliation: 1 Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington.
authors.forename: Heidi M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Crane
authors.affiliation: 3 Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington.
authors.forename: Joseph A C
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Delaney
authors.affiliation: 1 Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington.
authors.forename: Mari M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Kitahata
authors.affiliation: 1 Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington.|2 Department of Global Health, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington.
authors.forename: Wayne Conrad
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Liles
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000067531:Alarmins / Q000097:blood*; D044966:Anti-Retroviral Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D040502:Calgranulin B / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy*; D024243:HMGB1 Protein / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D000074243:Immune Reconstitution; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged
chemical_list: D000067531:Alarmins; D044966:Anti-Retroviral Agents; D040502:Calgranulin B; D024243:HMGB1 Protein; C585491:HMGB1 protein, human