title: Investigation of bacterial inactivation in apheresis platelets with 24 or 30 hours between inoculation and inactivation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Blood Centre logistics, staffing and donor scheduling may be optimized if pathogen inactivation (PI) of platelets can be delayed until Day 1, but bacteria may rapidly grow during this time. This study evaluates bacterial PI performed 24 and 30 h after collection.
  
  
  METHODS
  PAS-3 platelet units were collected on the Amicus and subsequently inoculated (3-53 CFU/unit) with 1of 5 transfusion relevant bacterial species (n = 3/organism). Units were then stored for either 24 ± 0·3 or 30 ± 0·3 h at 20-24°C with agitation, subsequently treated with amotosalen and UVA, and stored for 7 days. Samples were taken before and after inactivation, on Days 2, 5 and 7 for BacT/ALERT testing, and on Days 5 and 7 for plate counts.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All samples from units taken prior to inactivation either demonstrated positive plate culture counts, or, in untreated positive controls, were culture-positive during storage. All contaminated units treated with amotosalen and UVA 24 after inoculation were culture-negative on all days tested. With inactivation performed 30 h following inoculation, one of 15 units (1-of-3 replicates) was culture-positive with Klebsiella pneumonia (1 × 109CFU/ml) by Day 5.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Photochemical treatment did not inactivate 1 of 15 units to sterility in apheresis platelets stored in PAS with a 30-h delay between contamination and treatment, but did inactivate 15 of 15 units with a 24-h delay.
authors.affiliation: Transfusion Innovation Department, American Red Cross Holland Laboratory, Rockville, MD, USA. stephen.wagner@redcross.org.
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Wagner
authors.affiliation: Cerus Corporation, Concord, CA, USA.
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Benjamin
authors.affiliation: Transfusion Innovation Department, American Red Cross Holland Laboratory, Rockville, MD, USA.
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Hapip
authors.affiliation: Transfusion Innovation Department, American Red Cross Holland Laboratory, Rockville, MD, USA.
authors.forename: N S
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Kaelber
authors.affiliation: Transfusion Innovation Department, American Red Cross Holland Laboratory, Rockville, MD, USA.
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Turgeon
authors.affiliation: Transfusion Innovation Department, American Red Cross Holland Laboratory, Rockville, MD, USA.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Skripchenko
authors.affiliation: Cerus Corporation, Concord, CA, USA.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Stassinopoulos
mesh_terms: D001419:Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000528:radiation effects; D001792:Blood Platelets / Q000166:cytology* / Q000382:microbiology; D011564:Furocoumarins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D007711:Klebsiella pneumoniae / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D017319:Photosensitizing Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010976:Platelet Count; D017713:Platelet Transfusion; D010983:Plateletpheresis; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays
chemical_list: D011564:Furocoumarins; D017319:Photosensitizing Agents; C118577:amotosalen
keywords: bacteria; inactivation; platelet