title: Intentions and willingness to drive while drowsy among university students: An application of an extended theory of planned behavior model.
abstract: A web-based questionnaire was used to assess the utility of constructs from the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) and the Prototype Willingness Model (PWM) to predict intentions and willingness to engage in drowsy driving in a sample of 450 university students. Those students who reported more favorable attitudes and subjective norm and greater perceived control and willingness in relation to drowsy driving behavior were more likely to report stronger intentions to engage in drowsy driving behavior. Augmenting the TPB constructs with the PWM construct of willingness significantly explained up to an additional 8 percent of the variance in drowsy driving intention. Perceived behavioral control and willingness were consistently the strongest predictors of drowsy driving intention in the augmented model, which together with the control (personal) variables explained up to 70 percent of the variance in intention. Thus, the Theory of Planned Behavior and the Prototype Willingness Model may be useful for understanding motivational influences on drowsy driving behavior in young people and present promising theoretical frameworks for designing more effective interventions against drowsy driving in this population.
authors.affiliation: Department of Behavioral and Community Health, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, MD 20742, USA; Center for Health Outcomes Research, University of Maryland, Baltimore, 655 West Lombard Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Center for Health and Homeland Security, University of Maryland, Baltimore, 500 West Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA. Electronic address: cjlee@umd.edu.
authors.forename: Clark J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Center for Health Outcomes Research, University of Maryland, Baltimore, 655 West Lombard Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
authors.forename: Jeanne
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Geiger-Brown
authors.affiliation: Department of Behavioral and Community Health, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
authors.forename: Kenneth H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Beck
mesh_terms: D001290:Attitude; D001334:Automobile Driving / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D033182:Intention; D009042:Motivation; D010465:Perception; D010934:Planning Techniques; D012309:Risk-Taking; D013334:Students / Q000523:psychology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014495:Universities
keywords: Behavioral intention; Behavioral willingness; Drowsy driving; Prototype willingness model; Theory of planned behavior; University students