title: An Evidence-Based Review on Medicinal Plants Used as Insecticide and Insect Repellent in Traditional Iranian Medicine.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Insects can be the cause of major ecological problems; they can transmit microbes and parasites that affect humans, and damage food crops, trees, and homes. The total economic cost of insect-related damage and disease is immeasurable. In traditional Iranian medicine (TIM), several medicinal plants have been identified as insecticides or insect repellents, but many of them are still unknown. Therefore, the aim of this study was to review the insecticidal or insect repellent activity of certain medicinal plants described in TIM.
  
  
  METHODS
  Information about medicinal plants proposed as insecticides and insect repellents in the TIM was collected from the TIM literature, and searched in modern medical databases to find studies that confirmed their efficacy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Modern investigations have supported the claims of the insecticidal activity of several plants, including Allium sativum, Artemisia absinthium, Citrullus colocynthis, Laurus nobilis, Mentha pulegium, Myrtus communis, Nerium oleander, Ocimum basilicum, and Origanum majorana. However, in the cases of plants like Iris florentina and Malva sylvestris, there is not enough evidence in modern medicine to prove their effectiveness with regard to their insecticidal and insect repellent activities.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study confirmed the Iranian traditional medicine claims of the insecticidal and insect repellent activity of certain plants. Further pharmacological and clinical studies are recommended to evaluate the overall efficacy and possible mechanisms underlying these herbs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Traditional Pharmacy, Faculty of Traditional Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran; Persian Medicine and Pharmacy Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran.
authors.forename: Mina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cheraghi Niroumand
authors.affiliation: Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, IR Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammad Hosein
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Farzaei
authors.affiliation: Persian Medicine and Pharmacy Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran.
authors.forename: Elahe
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Karimpour Razkenari
authors.affiliation: Department of Traditional Pharmacy, Faculty of Traditional Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran; Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran.
authors.forename: Gholamreza
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Amin
authors.affiliation: Department of Traditional Pharmacy, Faculty of Traditional Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran; Persian Medicine and Pharmacy Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran; Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran.
authors.forename: Mahnaz
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Khanavi
authors.affiliation: Persian Medicine and Pharmacy Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran; Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran.
authors.forename: Tahmineh
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Akbarzadeh
authors.affiliation: Department of Traditional Pharmacy, Faculty of Traditional Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran; Persian Medicine and Pharmacy Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran; Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammad Reza
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Shams-Ardekani
keywords: Insect Repellent; Insecticide; Medicinal Plants; Traditional Medicine