title: Cerebrospinal Nematodiasis in 20 Camelids.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Information about the clinical and clinicopathologic aspects of cerebrospinal nematodiasis (CN) in camelids is limited.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Clinical and therapeutic variables will be identified as factors predictive of survival.
  
  
  METHODS
  Client-owned camelids suspected of having CN admitted to Purdue University between 1995 and 2015.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective study was performed. A diagnosis of CN was based on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) eosinophilic pleocytosis or postmortem findings.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eleven alpacas and 9 llamas met the inclusion criteria. Seventy-five percent of the camelids were male (27% castrated and 73% intact). Common clinical abnormalities included proprioceptive deficits (100% of animals), recumbency (55%), tachypnea (55%), and ataxia (40%). Among the 85% of treated animals, 100% received PO fenbendazole, and 88% received a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug. The survival rate to discharge was 45%. Plasma fibrinogen concentration, creatine kinase activity, and serum creatinine concentration were significantly higher in nonsurvivors. Blood eosinophil count, platelet count, and total CO2 were significantly lower in nonsurvivors. Factors associated with survival were species, sex, absence of treatment with corticosteroids, and clinical improvement. There was no association between recumbency at admission and survival. A plasma fibrinogen concentration above >266 mg/dL was an excellent diagnostic test to predict survival in the presence of neurological signs or CSF eosinophilia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although prognosis for CN in camelids is guarded, presence of recumbency at admission is not predictive of nonsurvival. Male camelids and llamas appear more likely to die from CN. Corticosteroid treatment is contraindicated in animals diagnosed with CN.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
authors.forename: F R
authors.initials: FR
authors.lastname: Bertin
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN.
authors.forename: S D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Taylor
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000871:Anthelmintics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002161:Camelids, New World / Q000469:parasitology*; D002493:Central Nervous System Diseases / Q000469:parasitology / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy / Q000662:veterinary*; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D009349:Nematode Infections / Q000469:parasitology / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy / Q000662:veterinary*; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D000871:Anthelmintics
keywords: Camelid; Eosinophil; Meningeal; Myelopathy; Neurological; Parasite