title: How Chimeric Antigen Receptor Design Affects Adoptive T Cell Therapy.
abstract: Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells have been developed to treat tumors and have shown great success against B cell malignancies. Exploiting modular designs and swappable domains, CARs can target an array of cell surface antigens and, upon receptor-ligand interactions, direct signaling cascades, thereby driving T cell effector functions. CARs have been designed using receptors, ligands, or scFv binding domains. Different regions of a CAR have each been found to play a role in determining the overall efficacy of CAR T cells. Therefore, this review provides an overview of CAR construction and common designs. Each CAR region is discussed in the context of its importance to a CAR's function. Additionally, the review explores how various engineering strategies have been applied to CAR T cells in order to regulate CAR T cell function and activity. J. Cell. Physiol. 231: 2590-2598, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Synthetic Immunity, The Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, One Medical Center Drive, Lebanon, New Hampshire.
authors.forename: Albert T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Gacerez
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Synthetic Immunity, The Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, One Medical Center Drive, Lebanon, New Hampshire.
authors.forename: Benjamine
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Arellano
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Synthetic Immunity, The Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, One Medical Center Drive, Lebanon, New Hampshire.
authors.forename: Charles L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Sentman
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D006801:Humans; D016219:Immunotherapy, Adoptive; D000072417:Protein Domains; D011948:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D011948:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell