title: Physical, psychosocial, and social health of men who identify as bears: a systematic review.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This article examines the existing qualitative and quantitative research on physical, psychosocial and social health of men who identify as Bears, a subcultural group in the gay community.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  During the 1980s, one of the first Bear communities emerged in San Francisco. Using the United States as an example, other Bear communities were created throughout the world. Today, Bear-related organizations and events are found globally.
  
  
  METHODS
  A systematic review was conducted exploring the health of men who identify as Bears.
  
  
  METHODS
  To identify articles addressing the health outcomes of men who identify as Bears, the researcher systematically reviewed articles indexed through CINAHL, PsycINFO, Humanities International Index, Cochrane Library, Medline, and LGBT Life.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The major findings across the 11 articles were systematically grouped into physical, psychosocial, and social health categories. Men identifying as Bears were more likely to have a higher body mass index, engage in risky sexual behaviours and have a lower self-esteem.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Future implications for research and practice regarding the health of men who identify as Bears are addressed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Men who identify as Bears have unique health care needs and respond to health care providers who are sensitive towards their needs. Health care providers should understand and acknowledge the unique health needs of men who identify as Bears to better care for these men.
authors.affiliation: University of Miami School of Nursing and Health Studies, Coral Gables, FL, USA.
authors.forename: Narciso
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Quidley-Rodriguez
authors.affiliation: University of Miami School of Nursing and Health Studies, Coral Gables, FL, USA.
authors.forename: Joseph P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: De Santis
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005783:Gender Identity; D018451:Homosexuality, Male / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012725:Sexual Behavior; D012944:Social Support
keywords: gay men; health disparities; health promotion; men who have sex with men; sexuality