title: Trace element bioavailability, yield and seed quality of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) modulated by biochar incorporation into a contaminated technosol.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) is a Cd/Zn-accumulator whereas soil conditioners such as biochars may immobilize trace elements. These potentially complementary soil remediation options were trialed, singly and in combination, in a pot experiment with a metal(loid)-contaminated technosol.
  
  
  METHODS
  The technosol [total content in mg kg(-1) Zn 6089, Cd 9.4, Cu 110, and Pb 956] was either amended (2% w/w) or not with a poultry manure-derived biochar. Rapeseed was cultivated for both soil treatments during 24 weeks up to harvest under controlled conditions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Biochar incorporation into the technosol promoted the As, Cd, Cu, Mo, Ni, Pb and Zn solubility. It decreased foliar B, Cu and Mo concentrations, and Mo concentration in stems, pericarps and seeds. But, it did not impact neither the biomass of aerial rapeseed parts (except a decrease for seeds), nor their C (except a decrease for stems), seed fatty acid, seed starch and soluble sugar contents, and antioxidant capacity in both leaves and seeds. Biochar amendment increased the phytoextraction by aerial plant parts for K, P, and S, reduced it for N, Ca, B, Mo, Ni and Se, whereas it remained steady for Mg, Zn, Fe, Mn, Cu, Cd and Co.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The biochar incorporation into this technosol did not promote Cd, Cu and Zn phytoextraction by rapeseed and its potential oilseed production, but increased the solubility of several metal(loid)s. Here Zn and Cd concentrations in the soil pore water were decreased by rapeseed, showing the feasibility to strip available soil Zn and Cd in combination with seed production.
authors.affiliation: INRA, UMR 1202 BIOGECO, 69 Route d'Arcachon, FR-33612, Cestas cedex, France; Université de Bordeaux, UMR 1202 BIOGECO, Bât B2, Allée G. St-Hilaire, CS50023, FR-33615, Pessac cedex, France.
authors.forename: Lilian
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Marchand
authors.affiliation: INRA, UMR 1402 ECOSYS, F-78026, Versailles cedex, France; AgroParisTech, UMR 1402 ECOSYS, F-78850, Thiverval-Grignon, France.
authors.forename: Céline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pelosi
authors.affiliation: Université de Bordeaux, Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin, Unité de recherche Oenologie, EA 4577, USC 1366 INRA, IPB, 210, chemin de Leysotte, CS 50008, 33882, Villenave d'Ornon cedex, France.
authors.forename: María Reyes
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: González-Centeno
authors.affiliation: INRA, UMR 950 Ecophysiologie Végétale, Agronomie et nutritions N, C, S, Esplanade de la Paix, CS14032, 14032, Caen Cedex 5, France; Normandie Université, 14032, Caen, France; UNICAEN, UMR 950 Ecophysiologie Végétale, Agronomie et nutritions N, C, S, Esplanade de la Paix, CS14032, 14032, Caen Cedex 5, France.
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Maillard
authors.affiliation: INRA, UMR 950 Ecophysiologie Végétale, Agronomie et nutritions N, C, S, Esplanade de la Paix, CS14032, 14032, Caen Cedex 5, France; Normandie Université, 14032, Caen, France; UNICAEN, UMR 950 Ecophysiologie Végétale, Agronomie et nutritions N, C, S, Esplanade de la Paix, CS14032, 14032, Caen Cedex 5, France.
authors.forename: Alain
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ourry
authors.affiliation: Université de Bordeaux, UMR 1202 BIOGECO, Bât B2, Allée G. St-Hilaire, CS50023, FR-33615, Pessac cedex, France.
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Galland
authors.affiliation: Université de Bordeaux, Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin, Unité de recherche Oenologie, EA 4577, USC 1366 INRA, IPB, 210, chemin de Leysotte, CS 50008, 33882, Villenave d'Ornon cedex, France.
authors.forename: Pierre-Louis
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Teissedre
authors.affiliation: INRA, UMR 5200 CNRS-Université Bordeaux, Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire, 71, avenue Edouard Bourlaux, 33883, Villenave-d'Ornon Cedex, France.
authors.forename: Jean-Jacques
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Bessoule
authors.affiliation: INRA, UMR 5200 CNRS-Université Bordeaux, Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire, 71, avenue Edouard Bourlaux, 33883, Villenave-d'Ornon Cedex, France.
authors.forename: Sébastien
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mongrand
authors.affiliation: INRA, UMR 950 Ecophysiologie Végétale, Agronomie et nutritions N, C, S, Esplanade de la Paix, CS14032, 14032, Caen Cedex 5, France; Normandie Université, 14032, Caen, France; UNICAEN, UMR 950 Ecophysiologie Végétale, Agronomie et nutritions N, C, S, Esplanade de la Paix, CS14032, 14032, Caen Cedex 5, France.
authors.forename: Annette
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Morvan-Bertrand
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, Sino-Australian Joint Laboratory for Sustainable Agro-Ecosystems, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.
authors.forename: Qinzhong
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Florentaise, La grande Gâcherie, 44850, Saint Mars du Désert, France.
authors.forename: Claire
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Grosbellet
authors.affiliation: INERIS, Technologies and Sustainable and Clean Processes, Parc Technologique Alata, BP2, 60550, Verneuil en Halatte, France.
authors.forename: Valérie
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Bert
authors.affiliation: INRA, UMR 1202 BIOGECO, 69 Route d'Arcachon, FR-33612, Cestas cedex, France; Université de Bordeaux, UMR 1202 BIOGECO, Bât B2, Allée G. St-Hilaire, CS50023, FR-33615, Pessac cedex, France.
authors.forename: Nadège
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Oustrière
authors.affiliation: INRA, UMR 1202 BIOGECO, 69 Route d'Arcachon, FR-33612, Cestas cedex, France; Université de Bordeaux, UMR 1202 BIOGECO, Bât B2, Allée G. St-Hilaire, CS50023, FR-33615, Pessac cedex, France.
authors.forename: Michel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mench
authors.affiliation: INRA, UMR 950 Ecophysiologie Végétale, Agronomie et nutritions N, C, S, Esplanade de la Paix, CS14032, 14032, Caen Cedex 5, France; Normandie Université, 14032, Caen, France; UNICAEN, UMR 950 Ecophysiologie Végétale, Agronomie et nutritions N, C, S, Esplanade de la Paix, CS14032, 14032, Caen Cedex 5, France.
authors.forename: Sophie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Brunel-Muguet
mesh_terms: D064751:Ammonium Compounds / Q000633:toxicity*; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D001682:Biological Availability; D018533:Biomass; D029688:Brassica napus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism; D002606:Charcoal / Q000737:chemistry*; D008372:Manure; D008670:Metals / Q000378:metabolism; D010777:Photochemistry; D012639:Seeds / Q000737:chemistry*; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity*; D014131:Trace Elements / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D064751:Ammonium Compounds; D008372:Manure; D008670:Metals; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D014131:Trace Elements; C540010:biochar; D002606:Charcoal
keywords: Cadmium; Copper; Lead; Phytomanagement; Zinc