title: Phylogeographical structure in mitochondrial DNA of whitefly, Bemisia tabaci Gennadius (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) in southern India and Southeast Asia.
abstract: South and Southeast Asia endure high vegetable production losses due to begomovirus diseases mainly transmitted by the insect vector, whitefly (Bemisia tabaci). Control over the spread of virus infection can be achieved through a better understanding of genetic diversity among B. tabaci. A total of 64 populations of B. tabaci collected from Tamil Nadu (India), Vietnam, Thailand, and Indonesia were investigated based on mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I (coxI) sequences. Populations from Tamil Nadu are distributed into three clades (Asia I, Asia II 7, and Asia II 8), whereas Indonesian populations settle along with Asia I population of India in the phylogenetic tree. Vietnam populations align with the Middle East-Asia Minor 1 (MEAM1) clade, and interestingly MEAM1 invades northern Vietnam quite recently. Samples from Thailand made a unique clade between the outgroup and the remaining B. tabaci, representing the possibility of a new subspecies. AMOVA analysis among populations from various districts in Tamil Nadu exhibits significant differences, which represent each district's individuality. This study proves that the use of coxI as a marker for molecular identification of B. tabaci can provide a better estimate of diversity. We provide important clues for developing insight into the genetic structure of B. tabaci, and suggest strategies for control.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Plant Biotechnology , Tamil Nadu Agricultural University , Coimbatore , Tamil Nadu , India.|b AVRDC - The World Vegetable Center , Shanhua , Taiwan.
authors.forename: Nikhil
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ram Kumar
authors.affiliation: b AVRDC - The World Vegetable Center , Shanhua , Taiwan.
authors.forename: Jian-Cheng
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: a Department of Plant Biotechnology , Tamil Nadu Agricultural University , Coimbatore , Tamil Nadu , India.|c Department of Fruit Crops , Horticultural College & Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University , Periyakulam , Tamil Nadu , India.
authors.forename: Manikanda Boopathi
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Narayanan
authors.affiliation: b AVRDC - The World Vegetable Center , Shanhua , Taiwan.
authors.forename: Srinivasan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ramasamy
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001210:Asia, Southeastern; D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial / Q000235:genetics; D003576:Electron Transport Complex IV / Q000235:genetics*; D006430:Hemiptera / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics; D007194:India; D010802:Phylogeny; D058974:Phylogeography; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial; D003576:Electron Transport Complex IV
keywords: Bemisia tabaci; haplotype network; mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I; phylogeny; population structure