title: Comparability of the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Pediatric short form symptom measures across culture: examination between Chinese and American children with cancer.
abstract: Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Pediatric forms measure symptoms and function of pediatric patients experiencing chronic disease by using the same measures. Comparability is one of the most important purposes of the PROMIS initiative. This study aimed to test the factorial structures of four symptom measures (i.e., Anxiety, Depression, Fatigue, and Pain Interference) in the original English and the Chinese versions and examine the measurement invariance of the measures across two cultures.
  
  
  
  Four PROMIS Pediatric measures were used to assess symptoms, respectively, in Chinese (n = 232) and American (n = 200) children and adolescents (8-17 years old) in treatment for cancer or in survivorship. The categorical confirmatory factor analysis (CCFA) model was used to examine factorial structures, and multigroup CCFA was applied to test measurement invariance of these measures between the Chinese and American samples.
  
  
  
  The CCFA models of the four PROMIS Pediatric symptom measures fit the data well for both the Chinese and American children and adolescents. Minor partial measurement invariance was identified. Factor means and factor variances of the four PROMIS measures were not significantly different between the two populations.
  
  
  
  Our results provide evidence that the four PROMIS Pediatric symptom measures have valid factorial structures and a statistical property of measurement invariance across American and Chinese children and adolescents with cancer. This means that the items of these measures were interpreted in a conceptually similar manner by two groups. They could be readily used for meaningful cross-cultural comparisons involving pediatric oncology patients in these two countries.
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, Second Military Medical University, 800 Xiang Yin Rd, Shanghai, 200433, China.
authors.forename: Yanyan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, Second Military Medical University, 800 Xiang Yin Rd, Shanghai, 200433, China. yuancr510@aliyun.com.
authors.forename: Changrong
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.affiliation: Division of Biostatistics and Study Methodology, Center for Translational Science, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC, USA.|School of Medicine, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA.
authors.forename: Jichuan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Family and Community Health, University of Maryland School of Nursing, Baltimore, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Jeanne Geiger
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.affiliation: Department of Hematology and Oncology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Fen
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Nursing Department, West China Second University Hospital Affiliated to Sichuan University, Sichuan, China.
authors.forename: Xiufang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Nursing Department, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA.|Department of Nursing Research and Quality Outcomes, Center for Translational Science, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC, USA.
authors.forename: Pamela S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Hinds
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D044466:Asian People; D002648:Child; D003431:Cross-Cultural Comparison; D005006:Ethnicity; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000628:therapy; D000071066:Patient Reported Outcome Measures; D011788:Quality of Life / Q000523:psychology*; D057566:Self Report; D014481:United States
keywords: Cancer; Categorical confirmatory factor analysis (CCFA); Culture; Measurement invariance; PROMIS; Pediatric