title: Effects of adenotonsillar hypertrophy corrective surgery on nocturnal enuresis of children.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Nocturnal enuresis is considered a common urological complaint especially among children. Respiratory obstructive diseases have been one of the possible etiologies of such a condition. The most common type of upper respiratory obstructive diseases in childhood is adenotonsillar hypertrophy. In this study, it was tried to estimate the prevalence of nocturnal enuresis in adenotonsillar hypertrophy as an upper obstructive airway disease and cure rate after corrective operation.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this longitudinal study, 184 children with adenotonsillar hypertrophy as case group and 200 healthy children as control group were randomly compared for nocturnal enuresis incidence and risk factors. Then they were followed after 6 months to estimate the cure rate after corrective operation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In case group, nocturnal enuresis was more common than control group (26% vs. 17%, P = 0.1). Factors which had a role in enuresis in case group were family history (P = 0.03) and male sex (P = 0.05). Three months after surgery, 48% of children totally cured from enuresis (P = 0.001) and 71% cured both partially or totally (P = 0.03). The response rate after moderate obstruction relieving was 100% while that in severe cases was 60% (P = 0.2).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Nocturnal enuresis due to upper obstructive airway disease occurs more in male and in the presence of family history. The cure rate after 6 months of operation was more prominent in moderate obstruction which suggests enuresis in severe airway obstruction may need a longer time to subside. Cure rate of primary enuresis due to obstructive airway disease after 6 months of relieving was 48% in children over 5 years old.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ear, Nose and Throat, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
authors.forename: Shahin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Abdollohi-Fakhim
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Health Research Centre, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran.
authors.forename: Arefeh
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Talebi
authors.affiliation: Liver and Gastrointestinal Disease Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Students' Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Naghavi-Behzad
authors.affiliation: Medical Philosophy and History Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
authors.forename: Reza
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Piri
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammad Sadra
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Nazari
keywords: Adenotonsillar hypertrophy; enuresis; incidence