title: These Shoes Are Made for Walking: Sensitivity Performance Evaluation of Commercial Activity Monitors under the Expected Conditions and Circumstances Required to Achieve the International Daily Step Goal of 10,000 Steps.
abstract: Physical activity is a vitally important part of a healthy lifestyle, and is of major benefit to both physical and mental health. A daily step count of 10,000 steps is recommended globally to achieve an appropriate level of physical activity. Accurate quantification of physical activity during conditions reflecting those needed to achieve the recommended daily step count of 10,000 steps is essential. As such, we aimed to assess four commercial activity monitors for their sensitivity/accuracy in a prescribed walking route that reflects a range of surfaces that would typically be used to achieve the recommended daily step count, in two types of footwear expected to be used throughout the day when aiming to achieve the recommended daily step count, and in a timeframe required to do so.
  
  
  
  Four commercial activity monitors were worn simultaneously by participants (n = 15) during a prescribed walking route reflective of surfaces typically encountered while achieving the daily recommended 10,000 steps. Activity monitors tested were the Garmin Vivofit ™, New Lifestyles' NL-2000 ™ pedometer, Withings Smart Activity Monitor Tracker (Pulse O2) ™, and Fitbit One ™.
  
  
  
  All activity monitors tested were accurate in their step detection over the variety of different surfaces tested (natural lawn grass, gravel, ceramic tile, tarmacadam/asphalt, linoleum), when wearing both running shoes and hard-soled dress shoes.
  
  
  
  All activity monitors tested were accurate in their step detection sensitivity and are valid monitors for physical activity quantification over the variety of different surfaces tested, when wearing both running shoes and hard-soled dress shoes, and over a timeframe necessary for accumulating the recommended daily step count of 10,000 steps. However, it is important to consider the accuracy of activity monitors, particularly when physical activity in the form of stepping activities is prescribed as an intervention in the treatment or prevention of a disease state.
authors.affiliation: Discipline of Physiology, School of Medicine, NUI Galway, Galway, Ireland.|Electrical & Electronic Engineering, School of Engineering & Informatics, NUI Galway, Galway, Ireland.
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: O'Connell
authors.affiliation: Electrical & Electronic Engineering, School of Engineering & Informatics, NUI Galway, Galway, Ireland.|National Centre for Biomedical Engineering Science, NUI Galway, Galway, Ireland.|CÚRAM, Center for Medical Device Research, NUI Galway, Galway, Ireland.
authors.forename: Gearóid
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: ÓLaighin
authors.affiliation: Discipline of Physiology, School of Medicine, NUI Galway, Galway, Ireland.
authors.forename: Lisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kelly
authors.affiliation: Discipline of Physiology, School of Medicine, NUI Galway, Galway, Ireland.
authors.forename: Elaine
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Murphy
authors.affiliation: Discipline of Physiology, School of Medicine, NUI Galway, Galway, Ireland.
authors.forename: Sorcha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Beirne
authors.affiliation: Discipline of Physiology, School of Medicine, NUI Galway, Galway, Ireland.
authors.forename: Niall
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Burke
authors.affiliation: Discipline of Physiology, School of Medicine, NUI Galway, Galway, Ireland.
authors.forename: Orlaith
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Kilgannon
authors.affiliation: Discipline of Physiology, School of Medicine, NUI Galway, Galway, Ireland.|CÚRAM, Center for Medical Device Research, NUI Galway, Galway, Ireland.
authors.forename: Leo R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Quinlan
mesh_terms: D056044:Actigraphy / Q000295:instrumentation*; D005260:Female; D006040:Goals; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D018670:Monitoring, Ambulatory / Q000295:instrumentation*; D012775:Shoes; D016138:Walking / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult