title: Epidemiological Surveillance of Surgical Site Infection and its Risk Factors in Cardiac Surgery: A Prospective Cohort Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Surgical site infection in cardiac surgery is uncommon. The aim of the present study was to examine the incidence of this infection, compare it with national and international data, and evaluate its risk factors.
  
  
  METHODS
  This prospective cohort study included patients who underwent valve surgery or coronary revascularization during a 6-year period. The incidence of surgical site infection was studied. Associations between risk factors and infection were evaluated using odds ratios (OR). The infection rate was compared with Spanish and American data using the standardized infection ratio.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 1557 patients were included. The overall cumulative incidence of infection was 4% (95% confidence interval [95%CI], 3.6%-5.6%), 3.6% in valve surgery (95%CI, 2.5%-4.7%) and 4.3% in coronary revascularization (95%CI, 2.3%-6.3%). Risk factors for surgical site infection in valve surgery were diabetes mellitus (OR=2.8; P<.05) and obesity (OR=6.6; P<.05). Risk factors for surgical site infection in coronary revascularization were diabetes mellitus (OR=2.9; P<.05) and reoperation for bleeding (OR=8.8; P<.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Diabetes mellitus and obesity favor surgical site infection in valve surgery, whereas diabetes mellitus and reoperation for bleeding favor surgical site infection in coronary revascularization. Infection surveillance and control programs permit evaluation and comparison of infection rates in cardiac surgery.
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Medicina Preventiva, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Angels
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Figuerola-Tejerina
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Medicina Preventiva, Hospital Universitario Fundación Alcorcón, Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain. Electronic address: grodriguez@fhalcorcon.es.
authors.forename: Gil
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rodríguez-Caravaca
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Cirugía Cardiovascular, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bustamante-Munguira
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Medicina y Cirugía, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Jesús
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: María San Román-Montero
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Medicina y Cirugía, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Durán-Poveda
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011159:Population Surveillance; D011446:Prospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment / Q000379:methods*; D012307:Risk Factors; D013030:Spain / Q000453:epidemiology; D013530:Surgical Wound Infection / Q000453:epidemiology*
keywords: Cardiac surgery; Cirugía cardiaca; Epidemiology; Epidemiología; Factores de riesgo; Infección; Infection; Risk factors