title: Mono- and dichromatic LED illumination leads to enhanced growth and energy conversion for high-efficiency cultivation of microalgae for application in space.
abstract: Illumination with red and blue photons is known to be efficient for cultivation of higher plants. For microalgae cultivation, illumination with specific wavelengths rather than full spectrum illumination can be an alternative where there is a lack of knowledge about achievable biomass yields. This study deals with the usage of color LED illumination to cultivate microalgae integrated into closed life support systems for outer space. The goal is to quantify biomass yields using color illumination (red, blue, green and mixtures) compared to white light. Chlamydomonas reinhardtii was cultivated in plate reactors with color compared to white illumination regarding PCE, specific pigment concentration and cell size. Highest PCE values were achieved under low PFDs with a red/blue illumination (680 nm/447 nm) at a 90 to 10% molar ratio. At higher PFDs saturation effects can be observed resulting from light absorption characteristics and the linear part of PI curve. Cell size and aggregation are also influenced by the applied light color. Red/blue color illumination is a promising option applicable for microalgae-based modules of life support systems under low to saturating light intensities and double-sided illumination. Results of higher PCE with addition of blue photons to red light indicate an influence of sensory pigments.
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Bioprocess Engineering, KIT, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany. ines.wagner@kit.edu.
authors.forename: Ines
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Wagner
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Bioprocess Engineering, KIT, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany.
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Steinweg
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Bioprocess Engineering, KIT, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany.
authors.forename: Clemens
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Posten
mesh_terms: D018533:Biomass; D001709:Biotechnology / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D016825:Chlamydomonas reinhardtii / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000528:radiation effects; D005118:Extraterrestrial Environment; D008027:Light; D058086:Microalgae / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000528:radiation effects; D058433:Photobioreactors
keywords: Green gap; Illumination; Photo conversion efficiency; Photobioreactor; Sensory pigments