title: Comparison between flipped classroom and team-based learning in fixed prosthodontic education.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We previously investigated the effects of team-based learning (TBL) on fixed prosthodontic education and reported that TBL could have higher efficiency with high student satisfaction than traditional lecture. In the current report, we introduced flipped classroom to the fixed prosthodontic education and compared their effectiveness based on the final examination score in addition to TBL.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants were 41 students from Tokushima University School of Dentistry who attended a fixed prosthodontics course. The first six classes adopted the flipped classroom style while the latter eight classes adopted TBL. To evaluate the relationship between learning styles and their effectiveness, we compared results from the term-end examination between the curriculum covered by flipped classroom and TBL-style classes. To draw comparisons, a referential examination with the same questions was conducted to eight faculty members who had not attended any of these classes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Term-end examination results showed that TBL classes had slightly higher scores than flipped classroom classes. Referential examination results also showed higher scores for the same curriculum and no significant interaction was found between class formats and the term-end and referential examination scores. Analysis revealed no noticeable difference in the effectiveness of the class formats.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our previous study reported that TBL had higher efficiency than traditional style lecture. In the current study, there was no statistical difference in the examination score between flipped classroom and TBL. Therefore, we conclude that both styles are highly effective than traditional style lecture and constitute valid formats for clinical dental education.
authors.affiliation: Department of Stomatognathic Function and Occlusal Reconstruction, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan.
authors.forename: Keisuke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nishigawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Stomatognathic Function and Occlusal Reconstruction, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan.
authors.forename: Katsuhiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Omoto
authors.affiliation: Department of Stomatognathic Function and Occlusal Reconstruction, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan.
authors.forename: Rika
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hayama
authors.affiliation: Department of Stomatognathic Function and Occlusal Reconstruction, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazuo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Okura
authors.affiliation: Oral Implant Center, Tokushima University Hospital, Tokushima, Japan.
authors.forename: Toyoko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tajima
authors.affiliation: Department of Stomatognathic Function and Occlusal Reconstruction, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshitaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.affiliation: Department of Stomatognathic Function and Occlusal Reconstruction, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan.
authors.forename: Maki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hosoki
authors.affiliation: Department of Stomatognathic Function and Occlusal Reconstruction, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan.
authors.forename: Shuji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shigemoto
authors.affiliation: Department of Stomatognathic Function and Occlusal Reconstruction, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan.
authors.forename: Mayu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ueda
authors.affiliation: School of Oral Health and Welfare, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan.
authors.forename: Omar Marianito Maningo
authors.initials: OMM
authors.lastname: Rodis
authors.affiliation: Department of Stomatognathic Function and Occlusal Reconstruction, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan. Electronic address: matsuka@tokushima-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Yoshizo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Matsuka
mesh_terms: D001077:Aptitude Tests; D004497:Education, Dental / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D007858:Learning; D008297:Male; D010549:Personal Satisfaction; D011476:Prosthodontics / Q000193:education*; D012575:Schools, Dental; D013335:Students, Dental / Q000523:psychology*
keywords: Dental education; Educational methodology; Flipped classroom; Prosthodontics; Team-based learning