title: Analysis of Image Gently Abdominal CT Protocol With the Use of Body Phantom Adapted to the Japanese Size.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to analyze in detail the quality of abdominal CT images obtained using three protocols reported by Image Gently in 2014 (hereafter referred to as Image Gently 2014), with the use of a handmade body phantom adapted to typical body sizes of the Japanese population. Moreover, we converted the findings of Image Gently 2014 to match Japanese body sizes and referred to our converted findings as Image Gently Japan.
  
  
  METHODS
  We scanned each phantom in a mechanical isocenter in accordance with the Image Gently 2014 abdominal imaging protocol. We changed the tube current-exposure time product per rotation from 25 to 250 mAs. The bowtie filter was set with a minimum FOV for the phantom size. We then analyzed the volume CT dose index (CTDIvol)-measured CT number curve. We then used this CT number curve to calculate the CT number recommended by Image Gently Japan for each of the designated patient ages.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The CTDIvol-measured CT number curve showed that, as the CTDIvol increased with each age, image noise decreased. When we assumed that the CTDIvol value for adults was 20 mGy, the measured CT number was 12.5 HU. We then multiplied each reduction coefficient by age (neonate and 1, 5, 10, and 15 years). The measured CT numbers for Image Gently Japan performed to attain limited dose reduction were 3.0, 3.9, 4.9, 6.0, and 9.0 HU, respectively, whereas those for Image Gently Japan performed to achieve moderate dose reduction were 3.3, 4.3, 5.3, 6.3, and 9.3 HU, respectively, and those for Image Gently Japan performed to attain aggressive dose reduction were 4.1, 5.1, 5.8, 6.8, and 9.5 HU, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We analyzed the abdominal image quality demanded by Image Gently 2014, and we were able to adapt the results to the Japanese population and present them as our own Image Gently Japan recommendations. If the results of the present study become a foundation for scanning parameters for Japanese patients, we believe that they will eventually lead to a reduction in medical radiation exposure for this patient population.
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Radiology, Jikei University Kashiwa Hospital, 163-1 Kashiwashita, Kashiwa-shi, Chiba 277-8567, Japan.
authors.forename: Tomokazu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shohji
authors.affiliation: 2 Department of Radiological Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Yo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Radiology, Jikei University Kashiwa Hospital, 163-1 Kashiwashita, Kashiwa-shi, Chiba 277-8567, Japan.
authors.forename: Nobutaka
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yanano
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Radiology, Jikei University Kashiwa Hospital, 163-1 Kashiwashita, Kashiwa-shi, Chiba 277-8567, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazuki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kuriyama
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Radiology, Jikei University Kashiwa Hospital, 163-1 Kashiwashita, Kashiwa-shi, Chiba 277-8567, Japan.
authors.forename: Rika
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Goto
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Radiology, Jikei University Kashiwa Hospital, 163-1 Kashiwashita, Kashiwa-shi, Chiba 277-8567, Japan.
authors.forename: Megumi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Iijima
mesh_terms: D049628:Body Size; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D011860:Radiography, Abdominal / Q000379:methods*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods*
keywords: CT; Image Gently; diagnostic reference level; pediatric; radiation dose