title: Hospitalisation Resulting from Medicine-Related Problems in Adult Patients with Cardiovascular Diseases and Diabetes in the United Kingdom and Saudi Arabia.
abstract: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and diabetes (DM) are two interrelated conditions that have a heavy morbidity and mortality burden worldwide. Patients with the two conditions usually take multiple medicines and thus are more susceptible to medicine-related problems (MRPs). MRPs can occur at any stage of the treatment process and in many cases can lead to unplanned hospitalisations. The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of hospitalisation resulting from MRPs in adult patients with CVDs and/or DM and to identify the main causes, risk factors, and medicine classes involved. A retrospective study included 300 adult patients from two hospitals, one in the United Kingdom and one in Saudi Arabia. To identify MRPs, medical records were reviewed for demographic data, clinical data, laboratory assay, and prescription records. A total of 197 (65.7%) patients had MRPs, of which less than 10% were severe. The main problems were lack of treatment effectiveness and adverse drug reactions. Moreover, polypharmacy and patient non-adherence were the main risk factors contributing to MRPs. The main medicine classes associated with MRPs were insulin and antihypertensive medicines. Further research should address the pharmaceutical care processes employed in treating CVDs and DM, and to empower patients/healthcare providers in tackling MRPs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Postgraduate Medicine, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield AL10 9AB, UK. a.alhamid2@herts.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Abdullah
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Al Hamid
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Postgraduate Medicine, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield AL10 9AB, UK. z.aslanpour@herts.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Zoe
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Aslanpour
authors.affiliation: Medication Safety Research Chair, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh P.O. Box 2457, Saudi Arabia. haljadhey@ksu.edu.sa.
authors.forename: Hisham
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Aljadhey
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Postgraduate Medicine, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield AL10 9AB, UK. m.ghaleb@herts.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Maisoon
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ghaleb
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy; D015897:Comorbidity; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000188:drug therapy; D064420:Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012529:Saudi Arabia / Q000453:epidemiology; D006113:United Kingdom / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D007328:Insulin
keywords: adverse drug reactions; cardiovascular diseases; diabetes; hospitalisation; medicine-related problems; polypharmacy; prevalence; treatment effectiveness