title: Inflammation in Complicated Pregnancy and Its Outcome.
abstract: BackgroundNormal pregnancy relies on a careful balance between immune tolerance and suppression. It is known that strict regulation of maternal immune function, in addition to components of inflammation, is paramount to successful pregnancy, and any imbalance between proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines can lead to aberrant inflammation, often seen in complicated pregnancies. Inflammation in complicated pregnancies is directly associated with increased mortality and morbidity of the mother and offspring. Aberrant inflammatory reactions in complicated pregnancies often lead to adverse outcomes, such as spontaneous abortion, preterm labor, intrauterine growth restriction, and fetal demise. The role of inflammation in different stages of normal pregnancy is reviewed, compared, and contrasted with aberrant inflammation in complicated pregnancies. The complications addressed are preterm labor, pregnancy loss, infection, preeclampsia, maternal obesity, gestational diabetes mellitus, autoimmune diseases, and inflammatory bowel disease.AimThis article examines the role of various inflammatory factors contributing to aberrant inflammation in complicated pregnancies. By understanding the aberrant inflammatory process in complicated pregnancies, novel diagnostic tools and therapeutic interventions for modulating it appropriately can be identified.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neonatology, Baylor Scott and White Health, Temple, Texas.|Texas A&M Health Science Center College of Medicine, Temple, Texas.
authors.forename: Ram R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Kalagiri
authors.affiliation: Texas A&M Health Science Center College of Medicine, Temple, Texas.
authors.forename: Timothy
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Carder
authors.affiliation: Texas A&M Health Science Center College of Medicine, Temple, Texas.
authors.forename: Saiara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Choudhury
authors.affiliation: Department of Neonatology, Baylor Scott and White Health, Temple, Texas.|Texas A&M Health Science Center College of Medicine, Temple, Texas.
authors.forename: Niraj
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Vora
authors.affiliation: Department of Neonatology, Baylor Scott and White Health, Temple, Texas.|Texas A&M Health Science Center College of Medicine, Temple, Texas.|Department of Pediatrics, Baylor Scott and White Health, Temple, Texas.
authors.forename: Amie R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Ballard
authors.affiliation: Department of Neonatology, Baylor Scott and White Health, Temple, Texas.|Texas A&M Health Science Center College of Medicine, Temple, Texas.|Department of Pediatrics, Baylor Scott and White Health, Temple, Texas.
authors.forename: Vinayak
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Govande
authors.affiliation: Texas A&M Health Science Center College of Medicine, Temple, Texas.|Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor Scott and White Health, Temple, Texas.
authors.forename: Nathan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Drever
authors.affiliation: Department of Neonatology, Baylor Scott and White Health, Temple, Texas.|Texas A&M Health Science Center College of Medicine, Temple, Texas.|Department of Pediatrics, Baylor Scott and White Health, Temple, Texas.
authors.forename: Madhava R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Beeram
authors.affiliation: Texas A&M Health Science Center College of Medicine, Temple, Texas.|Department of Pediatrics, Baylor Scott and White Health, Temple, Texas.|Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor Scott and White Health, Temple, Texas.|Internal Medicine, Baylor Scott and White Health, Temple, Texas.
authors.forename: M Nasir
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Uddin
mesh_terms: D018925:Chemokines / Q000378:metabolism*; D016640:Diabetes, Gestational / Q000276:immunology; D005260:Female; D005317:Fetal Growth Retardation / Q000276:immunology; D006728:Hormones / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007111:Immunity, Cellular; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007249:Inflammation / Q000503:physiopathology*; D009765:Obesity / Q000276:immunology; D011225:Pre-Eclampsia / Q000276:immunology; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000276:immunology*; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D047928:Premature Birth / Q000276:immunology; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D018925:Chemokines; D006728:Hormones; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors