title: Regulation of glucose dynamics by noninvasive peripheral electrical stimulation in normal and insulin-resistant rats.
abstract: The epidemic nature of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), along with the downsides of current treatments, has raised the need for therapeutic alternatives.
  
  
  
  We studied normo-glycemic and high-fat diet (HFD), induced insulin-resistant Wistar Han rats for 2 to 3weeks. Rats received peripheral electrical stimulation (PES) treatment (2Hz/16Hz bursts, 10mA) in their hind limbs for 3min, 3 times per week. Glucose tolerance was evaluated by using a glucose tolerance test at the beginning and again at the end of the study. The effect of an acute PES treatment on metabolic rates of glucose appearance and turnover was measured by using the hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp (HEGC) test.
  
  
  
  Repeated PES treatment significantly inhibited the progression of glucose intolerance in normal and insulin-resistant rats and prevented HFD-induced gains in body weight and fat mass. Acute treatment induced a prolonged effect on glucose turnover, as evaluated by the HEGC test. Increased hepatic glucose output was observed during the basal state (P<0.005). Under hyperinsulinemic conditions, PES improved tissue sensitivity to insulin (41.1%, P<0.01), improved suppression of hepatic glucose production (58.9±4.4% vs. 87.1±4.4%, P<0.02) and significantly elevated the rate of glycogenesis (P<0.01), compared with controls.
  
  
  
  The present study indicates that a noninvasive PES treatment of very short duration is sufficiently potent to stimulate glucose utilization and improve hepatic insulin sensitivity in rats. Repeated PES treatment may have a beneficial effect on HFD-induced adiposity and control of body weight.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Israel.
authors.forename: Merav
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Catalogna
authors.affiliation: Research Center for Digestive Tract and Liver Diseases, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Israel, Affiliated with the Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv, Israel.
authors.forename: Sigal
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fishman
authors.affiliation: Research Center for Digestive Tract and Liver Diseases, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Israel, Affiliated with the Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv, Israel.
authors.forename: Zamir
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Halpern
authors.affiliation: Research Center for Digestive Tract and Liver Diseases, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Israel, Affiliated with the Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv, Israel.
authors.forename: Shani
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ben-Shlomo
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Israel. Electronic address: nevouri@post.tau.ac.il.
authors.forename: Uri
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Nevo
authors.affiliation: School of Physics and Astronomy, Raymond & Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Israel; Center for Theoretical Biological Physics, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Eshel
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ben-Jacob
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D015309:Glucose Clamp Technique; D018149:Glucose Intolerance / Q000378:metabolism*; D007328:Insulin / Q000378:metabolism*; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000502:physiology*; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D007328:Insulin; D005947:Glucose
keywords: Glucose clamp test; Glycogenesis; Hepatic insulin sensitivity; Insulin resistance; Noninvasive electrical stimulation