title: Effect of the Algaecide Palmitoleic Acid on the Immune Function of the Bay Scallop Argopecten irradians.
abstract: Palmitoleic acid (PA), an algicidal compound, is used against the toxin producing dinofagelate Alexandrium tamarense, however, its impact on the edible bay scallop (Argopecten irradians) is still unclear. Therefore, we investigated the impacts of effective algicidal concentrations (20, 40, and 80 mg/L) of PA on immune responses in A. irradians. Various immune parameters including acid phosphatase (ACP) activity, superoxide dismutase (SOD), lysozyme, phagocytic activity, total protein, malondialdehyde (MDA) level, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and the expression of immune-related genes (PrxV, CLT-6, MT, and BD) were measured at 3, 6, 12, 24, and 48 h post-exposure (hpe) to PA. Lysozyme activity was lower in scallops at 12-48 hpe to 80 mg/L. SOD, ACP activity, ROS production, the total protein, and MDA level was higher at 12 to 48 hpe with different concentrations of PA. Phagocytic activity increased at 6-12 hpe to 40-80 mg/L of PA, but decreased at 24-48 hpe. The expressions of genes PrxV, CLT-6, MT and BD down-regulated at 3 hpe were observed, while differential expressions from 6-48 hpe with different concentrations of PA. The present study demonstrated that immersing A. irradians in PA at effective concentrations could result in differential effects on non-specific immune responses and expressions of immune-related genes.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul-151742, Korea. chicheng0421@126.com.
authors.forename: Cheng
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chi
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul-151742, Korea. giribiotek@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Sib Sankar
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Giri
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul-151742, Korea. advancewoo@hanmail.net.
authors.forename: Jin Woo
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Jun
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul-151742, Korea. hjoong1@nate.com.
authors.forename: Hyoun Joong
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul-151742, Korea. imagine5180@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Sang Guen
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul-151742, Korea. arseidon@naver.com.
authors.forename: Saekil
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yun
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul-151742, Korea. parksec@snu.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Se Chang
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Park
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005229:Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D007109:Immunity / Q000187:drug effects; D009113:Muramidase / Q000378:metabolism; D049897:Pectinidae / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species
chemical_list: D005229:Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; C008757:palmitoleic acid; D009113:Muramidase
keywords: Algaecide; Argopecten irradians; harmful algal blooms; immune response; palmitoleic acid