title: Diet Quality and Change in Blood Lipids during 16 Years of Follow-up and Their Interaction with Genetic Risk for Dyslipidemia.
abstract: A high diet quality according to the Swedish nutrition recommendations is associated with a reduced risk of cardiovascular disease in the population-based Malmö Diet and Cancer cohort. To further clarify this protective association, we examined the association between high diet quality and change in triglycerides, high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) after 16 years of follow-up in 3152 individuals (61% women; 46-68 years at baseline). In addition, we examined if genetic risk scores composed of 80 lipid-associated genetic variants modify these associations. A diet quality index based on intakes of saturated fat, polyunsaturated fat, sucrose, fiber, fruit and vegetables, and fish was constructed. A high diet quality was associated with lower risk of developing high triglycerides (p = 0.02) and high LDL-C (p = 0.03) during follow-up compared with a low diet quality. We found an association between diet quality and long-term change in HDL-C only among those with lower genetic risk for low HDL-C as opposed to those with higher genetic risk (p-interaction = 0.04). Among those with lower genetic risk for low HDL-C, low diet quality was associated with decreased HDL-C during follow-up (p = 0.05). In conclusion, individuals with high adherence to the Swedish nutrition recommendation had lower risk of developing high triglycerides and LDL-C during 16 years of follow-up.
authors.affiliation: Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease-Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, SE-20502 Malmö, Sweden. emily.sonestedt@med.lu.se.
authors.forename: Emily
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sonestedt
authors.affiliation: Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease-Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, SE-20502 Malmö, Sweden. sophie.hellstrand@med.lu.se.
authors.forename: Sophie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hellstrand
authors.affiliation: Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease-Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, SE-20502 Malmö, Sweden. isabel.drake@med.lu.se.
authors.forename: Isabel
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Drake
authors.affiliation: Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease-Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, SE-20502 Malmö, Sweden. christina-alexandra.schulz@med.lu.se.
authors.forename: Christina-Alexandra
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Schulz
authors.affiliation: Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease-Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, SE-20502 Malmö, Sweden. ulrika.ericson@med.lu.se.
authors.forename: Ulrika
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Ericson
authors.affiliation: Experimental Cardiovascular Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, SE-20502 Malmö, Sweden. joana.hlebowicz@med.lu.se.
authors.forename: Joanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hlebowicz
authors.affiliation: Internal Medicine Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Inga Marie Nilssons gata 32, SE-20502 Malmö, Sweden. margaretha.m.persson@skane.se.
authors.forename: Margaretha M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Persson
authors.affiliation: Nutritional Epidemiology, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, SE-20502 Malmö, Sweden. bo.gullberg@med.lu.se.
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gullberg
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, SE-20502 Malmö, Sweden. bo.hedblad@med.lu.se.
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hedblad
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, SE-20502 Malmö, Sweden. gunnar.engstrom@med.lu.se.
authors.forename: Gunnar
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Engström
authors.affiliation: Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease-Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, SE-20502 Malmö, Sweden. marju.orho-melander@med.lu.se.
authors.forename: Marju
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Orho-Melander
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004032:Diet / Q000592:standards*; D015930:Diet Records; D050171:Dyslipidemias / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood*; D008074:Lipoproteins / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009752:Nutritional Status; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D008055:Lipids; D008074:Lipoproteins
keywords: diet; epidemiology; genetics; lipids; lipoproteins; nutrition