title: [Bench-test evaluation of spacer devices for fluticasone delivery to infants].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Use of a spacer device to optimize the delivery of fluticasone to infants with asthma is an important issue and clinicians require guidance around the choice of device. This in vitro study characterizes the particle size and the fluticasone delivery via 9 spacers.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used an in vitro infant nasal cast with two different inspiratory flow rates (50 and 100mL/s). Fluticasone particle size in the aerosol was evaluated by laser diffractometry and tracheal deposition by spectrophotometric assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significant differences in particle size were observed between the 9 spacers (similar D50 but D90 from 5.65±0.65 to 8.80±1.35μm). A 75 % or higher respirable fraction was obtained for only 5 spacers. The 50mL/s flow rate lead to the best drug delivery. At this flow, OptiChamber®(62±3 %) and Vortex®(91±8.5 %) had a tracheal deposition over 50 % of the initial dose of fluticasone, although the 7 other spacers exhibited a fluticasone deposition less than 25 %.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study shows a wide variation of drug delivery between the 9 spacers studied. We demonstrate that a low inspiratory flow and a spacer showing antistatic properties facilitate drug delivery.
authors.affiliation: École nationale supérieure des Mines de Saint-Étienne, CIS-EMSE, Sainbiose, 42023 Saint-Étienne, France; Inserm, U1059, Sainbiose, 42023 Saint-Étienne, France; Université de Lyon, 42023 Saint-Étienne, France. Electronic address: jeremie.pourchez@mines-stetienne.fr.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pourchez
authors.affiliation: École nationale supérieure des Mines de Saint-Étienne, CIS-EMSE, Sainbiose, 42023 Saint-Étienne, France; Inserm, U1059, Sainbiose, 42023 Saint-Étienne, France; Université de Lyon, 42023 Saint-Étienne, France.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Leclerc
authors.affiliation: École nationale supérieure des Mines de Saint-Étienne, CIS-EMSE, Sainbiose, 42023 Saint-Étienne, France; Inserm, U1059, Sainbiose, 42023 Saint-Étienne, France; Université de Lyon, 42023 Saint-Étienne, France.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sarry
authors.affiliation: Inserm, U1059, Sainbiose, 42023 Saint-Étienne, France; Université de Lyon, 42023 Saint-Étienne, France; Service de pneumologie, CHU de Saint-Étienne, 42055 Saint-Étienne, France.
authors.forename: J-M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Vergnon
authors.affiliation: Unité de pneumopédiatrie, CHU Timone-Enfants, 13385 Marseille cedex 5, France.
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Dubus
mesh_terms: D000336:Aerosols; D018927:Anti-Asthmatic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D001249:Asthma / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004867:Equipment Design; D000068298:Fluticasone / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D036501:Metered Dose Inhalers / Q000592:standards; D009330:Nebulizers and Vaporizers / Q000592:standards; D014132:Trachea / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000336:Aerosols; D018927:Anti-Asthmatic Agents; D000068298:Fluticasone
keywords: Aerosol particle size; Aérosol-doseur; Chambre d’inhalation; Fluticasone; Granulométrie; Infant; Metered dose inhaler; Nourrisson; Spacer