title: The elongation factor Spt5 facilitates transcription initiation for rapid induction of inflammatory-response genes.
abstract: A subset of inflammatory-response NF-κB target genes is activated immediately following pro-inflammatory signal. Here we followed the kinetics of primary transcript accumulation after NF-κB activation when the elongation factor Spt5 is knocked down. While elongation rate is unchanged, the transcript synthesis at the 5'-end and at the earliest time points is delayed and reduced, suggesting an unexpected role in early transcription. Investigating the underlying mechanism reveals that the induced TFIID-promoter association is practically abolished by Spt5 depletion. This effect is associated with a decrease in promoter-proximal H3K4me3 and H4K5Ac histone modifications that are differentially required for rapid transcriptional induction. In contrast, the displacement of TFIIE and Mediator, which occurs during promoter escape, is attenuated in the absence of Spt5. Our findings are consistent with a central role of Spt5 in maintenance of TFIID-promoter association and promoter escape to support rapid transcriptional induction and re-initiation of inflammatory-response genes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomolecular Sciences, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7600, Israel.
authors.forename: Gil
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Diamant
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomolecular Sciences, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7600, Israel.
authors.forename: Anat
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bahat
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomolecular Sciences, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7600, Israel.
authors.forename: Rivka
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dikstein
mesh_terms: D000107:Acetylation; D055785:Gene Knockdown Techniques; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006657:Histones / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000235:genetics*; D007700:Kinetics; D056892:Mediator Complex / Q000378:metabolism; D008954:Models, Biological; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D000072417:Protein Domains; D011499:Protein Processing, Post-Translational / Q000187:drug effects; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D035362:Transcription Factor TFIID / Q000378:metabolism; D019473:Transcription Factors, TFII / Q000378:metabolism; D061785:Transcription Initiation, Genetic / Q000187:drug effects; D035602:Transcriptional Elongation Factors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D006657:Histones; D056892:Mediator Complex; D016328:NF-kappa B; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C112224:SUPT5H protein, human; D035362:Transcription Factor TFIID; D019473:Transcription Factors, TFII; D035602:Transcriptional Elongation Factors; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; C066644:transcription factor TFIIE