title: Role of biomarkers in monitoring antiblastic cardiotoxicity.
abstract: Early detection of anticancer drug-induced cardiotoxicity (CTX) has been evaluated by most international scientific cardiology and oncology societies. High expectations have been placed on the use of specific biomarkers. In recent years, conventional biomarkers and molecules of more recent interest have been tested and compared in the context of anticancer drug-related CTX. Encouraging results were obtained from studies on molecules of myocardial damage, such as troponin and markers of myocardial wall stress, including circulating natriuretic peptides, as well as from the assessment of the products of inflammation or circulating levels of free radicals. However, clear guidelines on their sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy are not yet available, and many challenges, such as the optimal time of assessing, optimal schedule for evaluation, optimal cut-off point for positivity with the highest level of specificity, and optimal comparability of different assays for the measurements, remain unresolved. Given the importance of having a reliable and accurate tool for monitoring anticancer drug-induced CTX, this review will focus on the available data on the most effective and widely used biomarkers and the studies that are currently underway that aim to identify the effectiveness of new approaches in this therapeutic setting.
authors.affiliation: aDepartment of Internal Medicine and Specialties (DIBIMIS), Chair of Cardiology, University of Palermo, Palermo Italy bDepartment of Medical Sciences 'Mario Aresu', University of Cagliari, Cagliari Italy cDepartment of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Orbassano Italy dDepartment of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy eDepartment of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Napoli Federico II, Naples Italy fDepartment of Clinical and Experimental Medicine. Section of Cardiology, University of Messina, Messina Italy gDepartment of Clinical and Surgical Specialities, Radiological Sciences and Public Health University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
authors.forename: Giuseppina
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Novo
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cadeddu
authors.forename: Vincenzo
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Sucato
authors.forename: Pasquale
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pagliaro
authors.forename: Silvio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Romano
authors.forename: Carlo G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Tocchetti
authors.forename: Concetta
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zito
authors.forename: Luca
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Longobardo
authors.forename: Savina
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nodari
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Penco
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D015415:Biomarkers; D066126:Cardiotoxicity / Q000175:diagnosis; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000175:diagnosis*; D006801:Humans; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D015415:Biomarkers