title: Traps containing carvacrol, a biological approach for the control of Dermanyssus gallinae.
abstract: Resistance to conventional synthetic pesticides has been widely reported in Dermanyssus gallinae in different aviary systems. Cardboard traps containing acaricides had been introduced as a successive device for collection and control of the poultry red mite. The present study assessed field efficacy of traps containing carvacrol in the control and reduction of D. gallinae in laying poultry farm. Two different carvacrol-based formulations were tested for their toxicity and possible repellent activity on D. gallinae to determine the most appropriate formulation and concentration to be used in the field study. In vitro tests confirmed that 1 % carvacrol formulation with ethoxylated castor oil as emulsifier was significantly toxic to D. gallinae without any dissuading effect in comparison to ethanol and higher concentrations of carvacrol (p < 0.05). A subsequent in vivo experiment in a cage system laying farm demonstrated significant acaricidal activity for traps containing 1 % carvacrol. Throughout the study, untreated cardboard traps were used for monitoring mite populations. Carvacrol-impregnated traps were efficacious in the control of D. gallinae and led to over 92 % reduction in mite's population after 2 week of application. Toxic effects of carvacrol maintained through 2 weeks after the last application of traps. Results of the present study suggested that effective control of the poultry red mite can be achieved by traps containing carvacrol. These traps can be used safely in poultry facilities without any concern about residues in eggs, meat, and environment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Parasitology, Islamic Azad University, Babol-Branch, Babol, Iran.|Young Researchers and Elite Club, Islamic Azad University, Babol-Branch, Babol, Iran.
authors.forename: Alireza
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Barimani
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Parasitology, Islamic Azad University, Babol-Branch, Babol, Iran. youssefi929@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Mohammad Reza
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Youssefi
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Amol University of Special Modern Technologies, Amol, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohaddeseh Abouhosseini
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Tabari
mesh_terms: D056810:Acaricides / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D002368:Castor Oil / Q000737:chemistry; D000081007:Cymenes; D004351:Drug Resistance; D008924:Mite Infestations / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000662:veterinary*; D008925:Mites / Q000187:drug effects*; D039821:Monoterpenes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010571:Pest Control / Q000379:methods*; D011200:Poultry; D011201:Poultry Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control
chemical_list: D056810:Acaricides; D000081007:Cymenes; D039821:Monoterpenes; D002368:Castor Oil; C073316:carvacrol
keywords: Acaricide; Carvacrol; Dermanyssus gallinae; Poultry; Trap