title: TUSC3 suppresses glioblastoma development by inhibiting Akt signaling.
abstract: Glioblastoma multiform is one of the most common and most aggressive brain tumors in humans. The molecular and cellular mechanisms responsible for the onset and progression of GBM are elusive and controversial. The function of tumor suppressor candidate 3 (TUSC3) has not been previously characterized in GBM. TUSC3 was originally identified as part of an enzyme complex involved in N-glycosylation of proteins, but was recently implicated as a potential tumor suppressor gene in a variety of cancer types. In this study, we demonstrated that the expression levels of TUSC3 were downregulated in both GBM tissues and cells, and also found that overexpression of TUSC3 inhibits GBM cell proliferation and invasion. In addition, the effects of increased levels of methylation on the TUSC3 promoter were responsible for decreased expression of TUSC3 in GBM. Finally, we determined that TUSC3 regulates proliferation and invasion of GBM cells by inhibiting the activity of the Akt signaling pathway.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 23 Youzheng Street, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150001, China.
authors.forename: Zhenfeng
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
authors.forename: Mian
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 23 Youzheng Street, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150001, China.
authors.forename: Xiangtong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
authors.forename: Lifen
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.affiliation: Orthopaedic Hospital Research Center, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Jia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.affiliation: Department of Operating Rooms, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
authors.forename: Guizhen
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 23 Youzheng Street, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150001, China.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 23 Youzheng Street, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150001, China.
authors.forename: Liwei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 23 Youzheng Street, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150001, China.
authors.forename: Chuncheng
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 23 Youzheng Street, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150001, China.
authors.forename: Hongsheng
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 23 Youzheng Street, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150001, China.
authors.forename: Haiyang
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 23 Youzheng Street, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150001, China.
authors.forename: Minwei
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 23 Youzheng Street, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150001, China.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 23 Youzheng Street, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150001, China.
authors.forename: Yuanyuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 23 Youzheng Street, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150001, China.
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 23 Youzheng Street, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150001, China. linzhiguo2009@sohu.com.
authors.forename: Zhiguo
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Lin
mesh_terms: D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D019175:DNA Methylation; D005909:Glioblastoma / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology*; D006031:Glycosylation; D006801:Humans; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000502:physiology*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology*; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D008565:Membrane Proteins; C524338:TUSC3 protein, human; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt
keywords: Akt signaling; Glioblastoma; Methylation; TUSC3