title: The SOMATICS collaborative: Introduction to a National Institute on Drug Abuse cooperative study of pharmacotherapy for opioid treatment in criminal justice settings.
abstract: Among the nearly 750,000 inmates in U.S. jails, 12% report using opioids regularly, 8% report use in the month prior to their offense, and 4% report use at the time of their offense. Although ample evidence exists that medications effectively treat Opiate Use Disorder (OUD) in the community, strong evidence is lacking in jail settings. The general lack of medications for OUD in jail settings may place persons suffering from OUD at high risk for relapse to drug use and overdose following release from jail.
  
  
  
  The three study sites in this collaborative are pooling data for secondary analyses from three open-label randomized effectiveness trials comparing: (1) the initiation of extended-release naltrexone [XR-NTX] in Sites 1 and 2 and interim methadone in Site 3 with enhanced treatment-as usual (ETAU); (2) the additional benefit of patient navigation plus medications at Sites 2 and 3 vs. medication alone vs. ETAU. Participants are adults with OUD incarcerated in jail and transitioning to the community.
  
  
  
  We describe the rationale, specific aims, and designs of three separate studies harmonized to enhance their scientific yield to investigate how to best prevent jail inmates from relapsing to opioid use and associated problems as they transition back to the community.
  
  
  
  Conducting drug abuse research during incarceration is challenging and study designs with data harmonization across different sites can increase the potential value of research to develop effective treatments for individuals in jail with OUD.
authors.affiliation: Division of Epidemiology, Services and Prevention Research, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, United States. Electronic address: redonna.chandler@nih.gov.
authors.forename: Redonna K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Chandler
authors.affiliation: Division of Epidemiology, Services and Prevention Research, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, United States.
authors.forename: Matthew S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Finger
authors.affiliation: UCLA Integrated Substance Abuse Programs Department of Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, United States.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Farabee
authors.affiliation: Friends Research Institute, Baltimore, MD, United States.
authors.forename: Robert P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Schwartz
authors.affiliation: Center on Alcoholism, Substance Abuse, and Addictions, The University of New Mexico, United States.
authors.forename: Timothy
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Condon
authors.affiliation: RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States.
authors.forename: Laura J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Dunlap
authors.affiliation: RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States.
authors.forename: Gary A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Zarkin
authors.affiliation: University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States.
authors.forename: Kathryn
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: McCollister
authors.affiliation: Department of Population Health, NYU School of Medicine, United States.
authors.forename: Ryan D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: McDonald
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, NYU School of Medicine, United States.
authors.forename: Eugene
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Laska
authors.affiliation: UCLA Integrated Substance Abuse Programs Department of Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, United States.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bennett
authors.affiliation: Friends Research Institute, Baltimore, MD, United States.
authors.forename: Sharon M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Kelly
authors.affiliation: UCLA Integrated Substance Abuse Programs Department of Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, United States.
authors.forename: Maureen
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hillhouse
authors.affiliation: Friends Research Institute, Baltimore, MD, United States.
authors.forename: Shannon G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Mitchell
authors.affiliation: University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, MD, United States.
authors.forename: Kevin E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: O'Grady
authors.affiliation: Department of Population Health, NYU School of Medicine, United States.
authors.forename: Joshua D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003299:Cooperative Behavior; D003416:Criminal Law; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D006801:Humans; D007273:Injections, Intramuscular; D008691:Methadone / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D009271:Naltrexone / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D009292:Narcotic Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D054577:National Institute on Drug Abuse (U.S.); D058850:Opiate Substitution Treatment / Q000379:methods*; D009293:Opioid-Related Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy*; D062526:Patient Navigation; D011329:Prisoners; D011330:Prisons; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D009292:Narcotic Antagonists; D009271:Naltrexone; D008691:Methadone
keywords: Criminal justice; Extended-release naltrexone; Interim methadone; Jail; Opioid relapse prevention