title: [Prevalence of urolithiasis in the 40 to 65 year old Spanish population: The PreLiRenE study].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Urolithiasis is a common urologic condition with increasing incidence in the population worldwide. In Andalusia (Spain), the PreLiRenA study showed a high prevalence (16.4%; 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 14.8-17.8) of this condition in population aged between 40 and 65 years. The interesting results reported in that study encouraged us to further investigate the magnitude of this condition at a national level. We aimed to estimate the prevalence of urolithiasis in the Spanish population aged between 40 and 65 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  This is an observational, cross-sectional, prevalence, stratified sampling study by Spanish region, sex and age. A total of 2,444 telephone interviews were conducted using a questionnaire that covered several sociodemographic and clinical variables. Bivariate, descriptive statistical study was performed. The prevalence ratio (PR) with the 95% CI was calculated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 2,444 subjects interviewed, 51.2% (n=1,251) were women. The prevalence and incidence of urolithiasis were 14.6% (95% CI 13.1-15.9) and 2.9% (95% CI 2.2-3.6), respectively. Significant differences were found by age, with a higher prevalence in 46-50 years (PR 1.58; 95% CI 1.12-2.21; P<.001) and 61-65 years (PR 1.47; 95% CI 1.02-2.13), and upper-class subjects (PR 1.75; 95% CI 1.07-2.86; P<.024). Of respondents, 52.8% had experienced more than one episode of urolithiasis. A total of 46.9% passed the calculus spontaneously, and 51.1% were diagnosed in the Emergency Unit.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The prevalence of urolithiasis in the Spanish population aged between 40 and 65 years is high; especially among upper-class subjects and in middle-aged. A high recurrence rate is also observed.
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos y Urgencias, Área de Gestión Clínica de Córdoba Sur, Córdoba, España; Unidad Docente de Medicina Familiar y Comunitaria de Córdoba, Distrito Sanitario Córdoba-Guadalquivir, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, España.
authors.forename: María Raquel
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Arias Vega
authors.affiliation: Unidad Docente de Medicina Familiar y Comunitaria de Córdoba, Distrito Sanitario Córdoba-Guadalquivir, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, España. Electronic address: luisangel.perula@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Luis Angel
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Pérula de Torres
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Urología, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, España.
authors.forename: Julia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Carrasco Valiente
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Urología, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, España.
authors.forename: María José
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Requena Tapia
authors.affiliation: Unidad Docente de Medicina Familiar y Comunitaria de Córdoba, Distrito Sanitario Córdoba-Guadalquivir, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, España.
authors.forename: Celia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Jiménez García
authors.affiliation: Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de La Habana, La Habana, Cuba.
authors.forename: Luis Carlos
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Silva Ayçaguer
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D013030:Spain / Q000453:epidemiology; D052878:Urolithiasis / Q000453:epidemiology*
keywords: Kidney stone; Litiasis renal; Prevalence; Prevalencia; Urolithiasis; Urolitiasis