title: Gastroesophageal Reflux and Sleep Disturbances: A Bidirectional Association in a Population-Based Cohort Study, The HUNT Study.
abstract: To investigate the potentially bidirectional association between gastroesophageal reflux symptoms (GERS) and sleep disturbances/ insomnia disorders.
  
  
  
  We assessed the incidence of new-onset of self-reported GERS, sleep disturbances, and insomnia disorders in a population-based longitudinal cohort study (HUNT), performed in Nord-Trøndelag County, Norway. Modified Poisson regression was used to estimate risk ratios (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs), adjusted for sex, age, body mass index, tobacco smoking, educational level, anxiety, and depression.
  
  
  
  The study cohort included the 25,844 participants of the HUNT study who responded to health questionnaires in both 1995-1997 and 2006-2009. New-onset GERS, sleep disturbances, and insomnia disorders was reported in 396 (2%), 2,598 (16%), and 497 (3%) participants, respectively. Persistent sleep disturbances were associated with new-onset GERS (RR: 2.70, 95% CI: 1.93-3.76), persistent insomnia disorders were associated with new-onset GERS (RR: 3.42; 95% CI: 1.83-6.39) and persistent GERS was associated with new-onset sleep disturbances (RR: 1.41; 95% CI: 1.14-1.75).
  
  
  
  Sleep disturbances and GERS seem to be bidirectionally associated, and sleep disturbances seem to be a stronger risk factor for GERS than the reverse.
authors.affiliation: Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lindam
authors.affiliation: Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.|HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and General Practice, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger, Norway.
authors.forename: Eivind
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ness-Jensen
authors.affiliation: Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Catarina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Jansson
authors.affiliation: Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.|Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Helena
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nordenstedt
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Torbjörn
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Åkerstedt
authors.affiliation: HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and General Practice, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger, Norway.
authors.forename: Kristian
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hveem
authors.affiliation: Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.|Section of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Division of Cancer Studies, King's College London, London, UK.
authors.forename: Jesper
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lagergren
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D005764:Gastroesophageal Reflux / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009664:Norway / Q000453:epidemiology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012893:Sleep Wake Disorders / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology
keywords: HUNT; epidemiology; gastroesophageal reflux symptoms; insomnia; sleep disturbances