title: Posttraumatic stress symptoms and body mass index among World Trade Center disaster-exposed smokers: A preliminary examination of the role of anxiety sensitivity.
abstract: Among individuals exposed to the World Trade Center (WTC) disaster on September 11, 2001, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and symptoms are both common and associated with increased cigarette smoking and body mass. However, there is little information on the specific processes underlying the relationship of PTSD symptoms with body mass. The current study is an initial exploratory test of anxiety sensitivity, the fear of internal bodily sensations, as a possible mechanism linking PTSD symptom severity and body mass index (BMI). Participants were 147 adult daily smokers (34.0% female) exposed to the WTC disaster (via rescue/recovery work or direct witness). The direct and indirect associations between PTSD symptom severity and BMI via anxiety sensitivity (total score and subscales of physical, cognitive, and social concerns) were examined. PTSD symptom severity was related to BMI indirectly via anxiety sensitivity; this effect was specific to physical concerns about the meaning of bodily sensations. Interventions focusing on anxiety sensitivity reduction (specifically addressing physical concerns about bodily sensations) may be useful in addressing elevated BMI among trauma-exposed persons.
authors.affiliation: University of Houston, Department of Psychology, Houston, TX, United States; Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Providence, RI, United States. Electronic address: sgfarris@uh.edu.
authors.forename: Samantha G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Farris
authors.affiliation: University of Houston, Department of Psychology, Houston, TX, United States.
authors.forename: Daniel J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Paulus
authors.affiliation: Stony Brook University, Department of Psychiatry, Stony Brook, NY, United States.
authors.forename: Adam
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gonzalez
authors.affiliation: Stony Brook University, Department of Psychiatry, Stony Brook, NY, United States.
authors.forename: Brittain L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Mahaffey
authors.affiliation: Stony Brook University, Department of Psychiatry, Stony Brook, NY, United States.
authors.forename: Evelyn J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Bromet
authors.affiliation: Stony Brook University, Department of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY, United States.
authors.forename: Benjamin J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Luft
authors.affiliation: Stony Brook University, Department of Psychiatry, Stony Brook, NY, United States.
authors.forename: Roman
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kotov
authors.affiliation: University of Houston, Department of Psychology, Houston, TX, United States; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Department of Behavioral Science, Houston, TX, United States.
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Zvolensky
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001007:Anxiety / Q000503:physiopathology*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D050177:Overweight / Q000503:physiopathology*; D047851:September 11 Terrorist Attacks / Q000523:psychology; D012907:Smoking / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013313:Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / Q000523:psychology
keywords: Anxiety sensitivity; Disaster; Obesity; Posttraumatic stress disorder; World Trade Center