title: Gingival bleeding and mild type 1 von Willebrand disease.
abstract: Oral bleeding is a frequently reported symptom of von Willebrand disease (VWD) and evaluated by several VWD bleeding scores. Gingival bleeding is also known to be a leading symptom of plaque-induced gingivitis and untreated periodontal disease. This study evaluates whether mild type 1 VWD is associated with an increased susceptibility to gingival bleeding. In this case-control study, 50 patients and 40 matched controls were periodontally examined, answered a questionnaire, and underwent professional teeth cleaning. Compared with the controls, the VWD patients more frequently reported periodontal symptoms, such as bleeding (34 vs. 20%, P = 0.141) and swelling (54 vs. 32.5%, P = 0.538) of the gingiva, and these patients had their teeth professionally cleaned less often (58 vs. 77.5%, P = 0.051). However, there was less gingival bleeding, as determined by the gingival bleeding index, in the VWD patients compared with the controls (10 vs. 12.2%, P = 0.047); the amount of bleeding on probing was similar between the VWD patients and the controls (17 vs. 17.2%, P = 0.723). Gingival bleeding in VWD patients may be triggered by gingival inflammation, but it is not a genuine symptom of mild type 1 VWD.
authors.affiliation: aDepartment of Periodontology, Center for Dentistry and Oral Medicine (Carolinum), Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University Frankfurt/Main bMedical Clinic III, Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt cInstitute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunohaematology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
authors.forename: Lisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Weickert
authors.forename: Stefanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Krekeler
authors.forename: Katrin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nickles
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Eickholz
authors.forename: Erhard
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Seifried
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Miesbach
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D005884:Gingival Hemorrhage / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D055815:Young Adult; D056725:von Willebrand Disease, Type 1 / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology