title: Investigations of initial airtightness after non-anatomic resection of lung parenchyma using a thulium-doped laser with different optical fibres.
abstract: Lung metastases in healthy patients should be removed non-anatomically whenever possible. This can be done with a laser. Lung parenchyma can be cut very well, because of its high energy absorption at a wavelength of 1940 nm. A coagulation layer is created on the resected surface. It is not clear, whether this surface also needs to be sutured to ensure that it remains airtight even at higher ventilation pressures. It would be helpful, if suturing could be avoided, because the lung can become too puckered, especially with multiple resections, resulting in considerable restriction. We carried out our experiments on isolated and ventilated paracardiac lung lobes of pigs. Non-anatomic resection was carried out reproducibly using three different thulium laser fibres (230, 365 and 600 μm) at two different laser power levels (10 W, 30 W) and three different resection depths (0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 cm). Initial airtightness was investigated while ventilating at normal frequency. We also investigated the bursting pressures of the resected areas by increasing the inspiratory pressure. When 230- and 365-μm fibres were used with a power of 10 W, 70 % of samples were initially airtight up to a resection depth of 1 cm. This rate fell at depths of up to 2 cm. All resected surfaces remained airtight during ventilation when 600-μm fibres were used at both laser power levels (10 and 30 W). The bursting pressures achieved with 600-μm fibres were higher than with the other fibres used: 0.5 cm, 41.6 ± 3.2 mbar; 1 cm, 38.2 ± 2.5 mbar; 2 cm, 33.7 ± 4.8 mbar. As laser power and thickness of laser fibre increased, so the coagulation zone became thicker. With a 600-μm fibre, it measured 145.0 ± 8.2 μm with 10 W power and 315.5 ± 6.4 μm with 30 W power. Closure with sutures after non-anatomic resection of lung parenchyma is not necessary when a thulium laser is used provided a 600-μm fibre and adequate laser power (30 W) are employed. At deeper resection levels, the risk of cutting small segmental bronchi is considerably increased. They must always be closed with sutures.
authors.affiliation: Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Giessen and Marburg GmbH (UKGM), Baldingerstrasse, 35033, Marburg, Germany. Kirschbaum001@gmx.de.
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kirschbaum
authors.affiliation: Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Giessen and Marburg GmbH (UKGM), Baldingerstrasse, 35033, Marburg, Germany.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Höchsmann
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Medicine, University Hospital Giessen and Marburg GmbH (UKGM), Marburg, Germany.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Steinfeldt
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Giessen and Marburg GmbH (UKGM), Marburg, Germany.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Seyfer
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, University Hospital Giessen and Marburg GmbH (UKGM), Marburg, Germany.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pehl
authors.affiliation: Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Giessen and Marburg GmbH (UKGM), Baldingerstrasse, 35033, Marburg, Germany.
authors.forename: D K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Bartsch
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Schleswig Holstein University Hospital, Lübeck Campus, Lübeck, Germany.|Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Giessen and Marburg GmbH (UKGM), Marburg, Germany.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Palade
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D053685:Laser Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D053844:Lasers, Solid-State / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008168:Lung / Q000601:surgery*; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D055100:Optical Fibers; D013552:Swine; D013932:Thulium
chemical_list: D013932:Thulium
keywords: Airtightness; Bursting pressure; Coagulation zone; Laser resection; Lung parenchyma resection; Thulium laser