title: Formation of trihalomethanes of dissolved organic matter fractions in reservoir and canal waters.
abstract: The formation of trihalomethanes (THMs) of hydrophobic organic fraction (HPO), transphilic organic fraction (TPI), and hydrophilic organic fraction (HPI) of reservoir and canal waters from the U-Tapao River Basin, Songkhla, Thailand was investigated. Water samples were collected three times from two reservoirs, upstream, midstream, and downstream of the U-Tapao canal. The HPO was the major dissolved organic matter (DOM) fraction in reservoir and canal waters. On average, the HPO accounted for 53 and 45% of the DOM in reservoir and canal waters, respectively. The TPI of 19 and 23% in reservoir and canal waters were determined, respectively. The HPI of 29% of the reservoir water and HPI of 32% of the canal water were detected. For the reservoir water, the highest trihalomethane formation potential (THMFP)/dissolved organic carbon (DOC) was determined for the HPI, followed by the TPI and HPO, respectively. The average values of the THMFP/DOC of the HPI, TPI, and HPO of the reservoir water were 78, 52, and 49 µg THMs/mg C, respectively. The highest THMFP/DOC of the canal water was detected for the HPI, followed by HPO and TPI, respectively. Average values of the THMFP/DOC of HPI of water at upstream and midstream locations of 58 µg THMs/mg C and downstream location of 113 µg THMs/mg C were determined. Average values of THMFP/DOC of HPO of water at upstream and midstream and downstream locations were 48 and 93 µg THMs/mg C, respectively. For the lowest THMFP/DOC fraction, the average values of THMFP/DOC of TPI of water at upstream and midstream and downstream locations were 35 and 73 µg THMs/mg C, respectively.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Civil Engineering , Faculty of Engineering, Prince of Songkla University , Hat Yai , Songkhla , Thailand.|b Center of Excellence on Hazardous Substance Management (HSM) , Bangkok , Thailand.
authors.forename: Charongpun
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Musikavong
authors.affiliation: a Department of Civil Engineering , Faculty of Engineering, Prince of Songkla University , Hat Yai , Songkhla , Thailand.
authors.forename: Kanjanee
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Srimuang
authors.affiliation: c Faculty of Environmental Management, Prince of Songkla University , Hatyai , Thailand.
authors.forename: Thunwadee
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tachapattaworakul Suksaroj
authors.affiliation: a Department of Civil Engineering , Faculty of Engineering, Prince of Songkla University , Hat Yai , Songkhla , Thailand.
authors.forename: Chaisri
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Suksaroj
mesh_terms: D002244:Carbon / Q000032:analysis; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D009930:Organic Chemicals / Q000032:analysis; D045483:Rivers / Q000737:chemistry*; D013696:Temperature; D013785:Thailand; D022882:Trihalomethanes / Q000032:analysis*; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid / Q000379:methods; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*; D018508:Water Purification / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D009930:Organic Chemicals; D022882:Trihalomethanes; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D014867:Water; D002244:Carbon
keywords: Canal; THMs species; hydrophilic organic fraction; hydrophobic organic fraction; reservoir; transphilic organic fraction