title: Phytoremediation of fuel oil and lead co-contaminated soil by Chromolaena odorata in association with Micrococcus luteus.
abstract: Phytoremediation is widely promoted as a cost-effective technology for treating heavy metal and total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) co-contaminated soil. This study investigated the concurrent removal of TPHs and Pb in co-contaminated soil (27,000 mg kg(-1) TPHs, 780 mg kg(-1) Pb) by growing Siam weed (Chromolaena odorata) in a pot experiment for 90 days. There were four treatments: co-contaminated soil; co-contaminated soil with C. odorata only; co-contaminated soil with C. odorata and Micrococcus luteus inoculum; and co-contaminated soil with M. luteus only. C. odorata survived and grew well in the co-contaminated soil. C. odorata with M. luteus showed the highest Pb accumulation (513.7 mg kg(-1)) and uptake (7.7 mg plant(-1)), and the highest reduction percentage of TPHs (52.2%). The higher TPH degradation in vegetated soils indicated the interaction between the rhizosphere microorganisms and plants. The results suggested that C. odorata together with M. luteus and other rhizosphere microorganisms is a promising candidate for the removal of Pb and TPHs in co-contaminated soils.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Biology , Faculty of Science, Mahidol University , Bangkok , Thailand.|b Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology (EHT) , Bangkok , Thailand.
authors.forename: Kongkeat
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Jampasri
authors.affiliation: a Department of Biology , Faculty of Science, Mahidol University , Bangkok , Thailand.|b Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology (EHT) , Bangkok , Thailand.
authors.forename: Prayad
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pokethitiyook
authors.affiliation: a Department of Biology , Faculty of Science, Mahidol University , Bangkok , Thailand.
authors.forename: Maleeya
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kruatrachue
authors.affiliation: a Department of Biology , Faculty of Science, Mahidol University , Bangkok , Thailand.
authors.forename: Puey
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ounjai
authors.affiliation: c Faculty of Environment and Resource Studies, Mahidol University , Nakhon Pathom , Thailand.
authors.forename: Acharaporn
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kumsopa
mesh_terms: D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D036604:Chromolaena / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000382:microbiology*; D005648:Fuel Oils; D007854:Lead / Q000378:metabolism*; D016982:Micrococcus luteus / Q000378:metabolism*; D012988:Soil Microbiology; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D005648:Fuel Oils; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D007854:Lead
keywords: Chromolaena odorata; Micrococcus luteus; Pb; enhanced phytoextraction; enhanced rhizodegradation; petroleum remediation