title: Identifying Underlying Emotional Instability and Utilizing a Combined Intervention in the Treatment of Childhood Constipation and Encopresis-A Case Report.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Childhood constipation is a common ailment that in certain cases can lead to encopresis or fecal incontinence. The literature suggests that standard care varies in effectiveness, especially in the long term. Fecal incontinence can lead to frustration, guilt, and shame for both the child and family and has untold long-term psychological and physical consequences.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To address alternative treatment options for pediatric constipation and encopresis by using acupuncture and Chinese medicine. Patient and Setting: This is a case study of a 6-year-old girl seen in a private practice acupuncture clinic in the northwestern United States.
  
  
  METHODS
  Treatment involved acupuncture, massage, and Chinese herbal medicine.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The patient in this study began to have regular bowel movements on her own, from a type 5 on the modified Bristol Stool Form Scale for Children to a type 3, with no laxative use and few to no fecal accidents.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Emotional stability and support seem to play an important role in pediatric constipation and encopresis. Acupuncture may be an effective treatment option in the integrative care model to address both the emotional and physical components of childhood constipation.
authors.affiliation: Oregon College of Oriental Medicine , Portland, OR.
authors.forename: Jamie L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Davis
mesh_terms: D015670:Acupuncture Therapy; D002648:Child; D003248:Constipation / Q000628:therapy*; D004688:Encopresis / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008405:Massage; D008516:Medicine, Chinese Traditional; D019964:Mood Disorders / Q000628:therapy*; D016896:Treatment Outcome