title: Impact of patient factors on operative duration during laparoscopic cholecystectomy: evaluation from the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Patient factors impact laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) difficulty, specifically operative duration. This study quantifies the impact of patient factors on LC duration.
  
  
  METHODS
  The national surgery database (American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program) was reviewed for all elective LC for biliary colic from 2005 to 2013. Multivariate general linear model and logistic regression were used to evaluate patient factors as predictors of operative duration greater than 60 minutes, adjusted for resident involvement and cholangiography.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 24,099 LC met inclusion criteria. Regression analysis found procedure duration greater than 60 minutes was less likely for patients age greater than 40 and less than 30 (P < .001) and more likely for men (P < .05), body mass index (BMI) greater than 30 compared with BMI 18.5 to 24.9 (P < .05), abnormal liver function test (LFT) (P < .05), and higher ASA class (P < .05). Smoking, cardiovascular disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, diabetes, and abnormal white blood cell count were not significant predictors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Higher BMI, younger age, male gender, higher ASA, and abnormal LFTs are possible predictors of prolonged LC duration and can aid in operating room scheduling and utilization.
authors.affiliation: Mayo Clinic, Health Sciences Research, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Department of Mechanical and Material Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 1400 R Street, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA.
authors.forename: Bethany
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lowndes
authors.affiliation: Mayo Clinic, Health Sciences Research, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Mayo Clinic, Department of Surgery, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
authors.forename: Cornelius A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Thiels
authors.affiliation: Mayo Clinic, Health Sciences Research, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Mayo Clinic, Department of Surgery, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
authors.forename: Elizabeth B
authors.initials: EB
authors.lastname: Habermann
authors.affiliation: Mayo Clinic, Health Sciences Research, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Mayo Clinic, Department of Surgery, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
authors.forename: Juliane
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bingener
authors.affiliation: Mayo Clinic, Health Sciences Research, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Department of Mechanical and Material Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 1400 R Street, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA; Mayo Clinic, Department of Surgery, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA. Electronic address: hallbeck.susan@mayo.edu.
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hallbeck
authors.affiliation: Mayo Clinic, Health Sciences Research, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
authors.forename: Denny
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Yu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D017081:Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D016208:Databases, Factual; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D061646:Operative Time; D058996:Quality Improvement / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors
keywords: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy; NSQIP; Patient factors; Procedural difficulty; Procedure duration; Science of health care delivery