title: Coagulation Biomarkers in Healthy Chinese-Origin Rhesus Macaques (Macaca mulatta).
abstract: Rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) are a common model for the study of human biology and disease. To manage coagulopathies in these animals and to study their clotting changes, the ability to measure coagulation biomarkers is necessary. Currently, few options for coagulation testing in NHP are commercially available. In this study, assays for 4 coagulation biomarkers-D-dimer, antithrombin III, protein C, and soluble P-selectin-were developed and optimized for rhesus macaques. Whole blood was collected from 28 healthy Chinese-origin rhesus macaques (11 male; 17 female) ranging in age from 5 to 20 y. Coagulation biomarkers were measured by using bead-based sandwich ELISA technology. The ranges (mean ± 90% confidence interval) for these biomarkers were: antithrombin III, 124.2 to 133.4 μg/mL; protein C, 3.2 to 3.6 μg/mL; D-dimer, 110.3 to 161.3 ng/mL; soluble P-selectin, 0.12 to 0.14 ng/10(6) platelets. These reference values did not differ significantly according to sex or age. These new assays for coagulation biomarkers in rhesus macaques will facilitate the evaluation of in vivo hemostasis.
authors.affiliation: Division of Comparative Medicine and Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA; Division of Surgery, Science, and Bioengineering, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. gfrydman@mit.edu.
authors.forename: Galit H
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Frydman
authors.affiliation: Division of Hematology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
authors.forename: Pavan K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Bendapudi
authors.affiliation: Division of Comparative Medicine and Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
authors.forename: Robert P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Marini
authors.affiliation: Advanced Tissue Resource Center, Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
authors.forename: Charles R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Vanderburg
authors.affiliation: Division of Surgery, Science, and Bioengineering, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
authors.forename: Ronald G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Tompkins
authors.affiliation: Division of Comparative Medicine and Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
authors.forename: James G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Fox
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001777:Blood Coagulation; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / Q000662:veterinary*; D005260:Female; D005338:Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products; D006487:Hemostasis; D008253:Macaca mulatta / Q000097:blood / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D023421:Models, Animal; D012016:Reference Values
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D005338:Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products; C036309:fibrin fragment D