title: Evaluating the utility of "3D Slicer" as a fast and independent tool to assess intrafractional organ dose variations in gynecological brachytherapy.
abstract: To demonstrate the utility of "3D Slicer" for easy treatment verification by comparing dose-volume histograms (DVHs) calculated on pretreatment and posttreatment images.
  
  
  
  Thirty cervical cancer patients were CT scanned twice: first for treatment planning and a second time after the dose delivery. The initial plan was manually duplicated on the posttreatment image set in Flexiplan treatment planning system, and DVH parameters were calculated. Pretreatment and posttreatment images, organ structures, and plan data were exported from the treatment planning system to 3D Slicer to validate DVH parameter calculation with 3D Slicer. The gamma analysis was used to compare Flexiplan and 3D Slicer DVHs. Posttreatment images were rigidly fused on the initial CT to automatically transfer the data of the pretreatment plan onto the posttreatment images. DVH parameters were calculated in 3D Slicer for both image sets, and their relative variations were compared.
  
  
  
  In calculating DVH parameter variations, no significant differences were observed between Flexiplan and 3D Slicer. Where the registration accuracy was better than 0.03, they returned similar results for D2 cm(3) of bladder, rectum, and sigmoid. Mean and standard deviation of DVH parameters were calculated on pretreatment and posttreatment images for several organs; both the manually duplicated plan and the automatically registered plan in SlicerRT returned comparable relative variations of these parameters. For 88% of the organs, more than 95% of the DVH dose bins passed the gamma analysis.
  
  
  
  We tested an automated DVH assessment method with an imaging freeware, 3D Slicer, for use in image-guided adaptive brachytherapy. SlicerRT is a viable verification tool to report and detect DVH variations between different contoured images series.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Radiation Engineering, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran. Electronic address: z_siavashpour@sbu.ac.ir.
authors.forename: Zahra
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Siavashpour
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Radiation Engineering, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Mahmoud Reza
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Aghamiri
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiotherapy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Ramin
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jaberi
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiotherapy, Hafte Tir Hospital, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Hamid Reza
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Dehghan-Manshadi
authors.affiliation: Centre intégré de cancérologie de la Montérégie (CICM), Charles LeMoyne Hospital, Greenfield Park, QC, Canada.
authors.forename: Mahbod
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sedaghat
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kirisits
mesh_terms: D001918:Brachytherapy / Q000379:methods*; D012809:Colon, Sigmoid / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D019583:Dose Fractionation, Radiation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D058958:Organs at Risk; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage; D011880:Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D012007:Rectum / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy*
keywords: 3D Slicer; IGABT; Intrafractional dose variations