title: Physiological and behavioral responses in offspring mice following maternal exposure to sulfamonomethoxine during pregnancy.
abstract: Sulfamonomethoxine (SMM), a veterinary antibiotic, is widely used in China. However, the impacts of maternal SMM exposure on neurobehavioral development in early life remain little known. In this study, we investigated the effects of maternal SMM exposure during pregnancy on behavioral and physiological responses in offspring mice. Pregnant mice were randomly divided into three SMM-treated groups, namely low-(10mg/kg/day), medium-(50mg/kg/day), and high-dose (200mg/kg/day), and a control group. The pregnant mice in the SMM-treated groups received SMM by gavage daily from gestational day 1-18, whereas those in the control received normal saline. On postnatal day (PND) 50, spatial memory was assessed using the Morris water maze test, and anxiety was measured using the elevated plus-maze and open field tests. The results showed significantly increased blood glucose in pups whose mothers received a high SMM dose. In addition, maternal SMM exposure increased anxiety-related activities among the offspring; spatial learning and memory were impaired more severely in the male offspring. The contents of tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) and brain-derived neurotrophic factors (BDNF) on PND 22 were significantly reduced in the male offspring of the high-dose group compared with the controls. These findings indicate that SMM may be identified as a risk factor for cognitive and behavioral development on the basis of gender and that it may be associated with diminished BH4 and BDNF levels early in life.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Qiang
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Dan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Kui
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, People's Republic of China. Electronic address: liukaiyong163@163.com.
authors.forename: Kaiyong
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health Inspection and Quarantine Science, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sheng
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health Inspection and Quarantine Science, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yehao
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Chunqiu
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Liang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ruan
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Auhui Provincial Laboratory of Population Health and Eugenics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road,Hefei, 230032, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Fangbiao
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Tao
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000633:toxicity*; D001007:Anxiety / Q000139:chemically induced; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects; D001786:Blood Glucose; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D019208:Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D018811:Maternal Exposure; D018782:Maze Learning / Q000187:drug effects; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D011247:Pregnancy; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects / Q000097:blood / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology*; D012701:Serotonin / Q000097:blood; D013422:Sulfamonomethoxine / Q000633:toxicity*; D013974:Thyroxine / Q000097:blood; D014284:Triiodothyronine / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D001786:Blood Glucose; D019208:Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; D014284:Triiodothyronine; D012701:Serotonin; D013974:Thyroxine; D013422:Sulfamonomethoxine
keywords: Anxiety; Maternal exposure; Offspring mice; Spatial cognition; Sulfamonomethoxine