title: Dietary Black Raspberry Seed Oil Ameliorates Inflammatory Activities in db/db Mice.
abstract: The objective of this study was to evaluate the status of the markers related to inflammation in db/db mice fed black raspberry seed (BRS) oil, which is rich in α-linolenic acid. Mice were divided into four groups: (1) C57BL/6 mice fed 16 % calories from soybean oil (normal CON); (2) C57BL/KsJ-db/db mice fed 16 % calories from soybean oil (CON); (3) C57BL/KsJ-db/db mice fed 8 % calories from soybean and 8 % calories from BRS oil (BRS 50 %); and (4) C57BL/KsJ-db/db mice fed 16 % calories from BRS oil (BRS 100 %). After 10 weeks, n-6/n-3 fatty acid ratios were significantly (P < 0.05) lower in the livers and epididymal adipose tissues of the BRS 50 % and BRS 100 % mice than in the CON. Serum TNFα and IL-6 were significantly (P < 0.05) lower in the BRS 50 % and BRS 100 % than in the CON. Serum IL-10 was significantly (P < 0.05) higher in the BRS 100 % than the CON. In the liver and epididymal adipose tissue, mRNA levels of pro-inflammatory markers in the BRS 50 % and BRS 100 % were lower than in the CON. Anti-inflammatory markers were higher in the epididymal adipose tissues of the BRS 50 % and BRS 100 % than in the CON. In the epididymal adipose tissue, macrophage infiltration markers (F4/80 and CD68) and leptin mRNA were significantly (P < 0.05) lower in the BRS 50 % and BRS 100 % than in the CON. Results of this study suggest that BRS oil may have anti-inflammatory effects in obese diabetic mice by ameliorating inflammatory responses.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food and Nutrition (Bldg. 222, Rm 508), and Research Institute of Human Ecology, College of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea.
authors.forename: Hee Jae
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Food and Nutrition (Bldg. 222, Rm 508), and Research Institute of Human Ecology, College of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea.|Department of Home Economics, Korea National Open University, Seoul, 03087, Korea.
authors.forename: Hana
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.affiliation: Department of Food and Nutrition (Bldg. 222, Rm 508), and Research Institute of Human Ecology, College of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea.
authors.forename: Hyunnho
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.affiliation: Department of Food and Nutrition (Bldg. 222, Rm 508), and Research Institute of Human Ecology, College of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea.
authors.forename: Kiuk
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Home Economics, Korea National Open University, Seoul, 03087, Korea.
authors.forename: Ho-Kyung
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Kwak
authors.affiliation: Department of Food and Nutrition (Bldg. 222, Rm 508), and Research Institute of Human Ecology, College of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea. keum@snu.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Keum Taek
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Hwang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology*; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3 / Q000378:metabolism; D043371:Fatty Acids, Omega-6 / Q000378:metabolism; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009765:Obesity / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D065856:Rubus / Q000737:chemistry*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3; D043371:Fatty Acids, Omega-6; C556062:IL10 protein, mouse; D015850:Interleukin-6; D010938:Plant Oils; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D016753:Interleukin-10
keywords: Black raspberry seed oil; Inflammation; Omega-3 fatty acid; db/db mouse; α-Linolenic acid