title: Psychometric properties of the Japanese ADHD-RS in preschool children.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Children with ADHD show multiple difficulties in their lives. Its early detection is important to provide timely intervention.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the psychometric properties of the Japanese version of the home and school form of the ADHD-Rating Scale-IV (P- and T-ADHD-RS) for screening five-year-olds with ADHD.
  
  
  METHODS
  The parents and teachers of 838 children (452 boys, 386 girls; including 28 boys, 18 girls diagnosed ADHD) completed the ADHD-RS and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire in a community health check-up.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The P- and T-ADHD-RS confirmed the two-factor model (Inattention and Hyperactivity-Impulsivity) and internal consistencies (CFI=0.968, 980; RMSEA=0.049, 0.055; SRMR=0.030, 0.024; α=0.86-.93). Japanese boys and girls scored significantly lower in all scales of the P- and T-ADHD-RS (d=0.65-1.14, 0.36-0.59) than US children. The P-ADHD-RS showed higher accuracy in area under the curve (AUC), sensitivity, and positive predictive value (PPV) than the T-ADHD-RS (AUC=0.955, 0.692; sensitivity=89.13%, 30.23%; PPV=46.59%, 16.05%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The P-ADHD-RS shows good reliability and validity for screening children with possible ADHD in a community. Longitudinal studies are needed to examine its predictive validity of adaptation in their lives at school.
authors.affiliation: Research Center for Child Mental Development, Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki University, Japan. Electronic address: n.takayanagi9830@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Nobuya
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Takayanagi
authors.affiliation: Research Center for Child Mental Development, Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki University, Japan.
authors.forename: Satomi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.affiliation: Research Center for Child Mental Development, Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki University, Japan.
authors.forename: Sayura
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yasuda
authors.affiliation: Research Center for Child Mental Development, Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki University, Japan.
authors.forename: Masaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Adachi
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki University, Japan.
authors.forename: Ayako
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kaneda-Osato
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Education, Hirosaki University, Japan.
authors.forename: Masanori
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Education, Hirosaki University, Japan.
authors.forename: Takahito
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Masuda
authors.affiliation: Research Center for Child Mental Development, Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki University, Japan.
authors.forename: Michito
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kuribayashi
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki University, Japan.
authors.forename: Manabu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Saito
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki University, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazuhiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nakamura
mesh_terms: D019540:Area Under Curve; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening; D010290:Parents; D011594:Psychometrics; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D000070777:School Teachers; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: ADHD-rating scale-IV (ADHD-RS); Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD); Preschool children; Screening; Strengths and difficulties questionnaire (SDQ)