title: Novel relaxant effects of RPL554 on guinea pig tracheal smooth muscle contractility.
abstract: We investigated the effectiveness of RPL554, a dual PDE3 and 4 enzyme inhibitor, on airway smooth muscle relaxation and compared it with that induced by salbutamol, ipratropium bromide, glycopyrrolate or their combination on bronchomotor tone induced by different spasmogenic agents.
  
  
  
  Guinea pig tracheal preparations were suspended under 1 g tension in Krebs-Henseleit solution maintained at 37°C and aerated with 95% O2 /5% CO2 and incubated in the presence of indomethacin (5 μM). Relaxation induced by cumulative concentrations of muscarinic receptor antagonists (ipratropium bromide or glycopyrrolate), β2 -adrenoceptor agonists (salbutamol or formoterol), PDE3 inhibitors (cilostamide, cilostazol or siguazodan) or a PDE4 inhibitor (roflumilast) was evaluated in comparison with RPL554. Maximal relaxation was calculated (% Emax papaverine) and expressed as mean ± SEM.
  
  
  
  Bronchomotor tone induced by the various spasmogens was reduced by the different bronchodilators to varying degrees. RPL554 (10-300 μM) caused near maximum relaxation irrespective of the spasmogen examined, whereas the efficacy of the other relaxant agents varied according to the contractile stimulus used. During the evaluation of potential synergistic interactions between bronchodilators, RPL554 proved superior to salbutamol when either was combined with muscarinic receptor antagonists.
  
  
  
  RPL554 produced near maximal relaxation of highly contracted respiratory smooth muscle and provided additional relaxation compared with that produced by other clinically used bronchodilator drugs. This suggests that RPL554 has the potential to produce additional beneficial bronchodilation over and above that of maximal clinical doses of standard bronchodilators in highly constricted airways of patients.
authors.affiliation: Sackler Institute of Pulmonary Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, UK.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Venkatasamy
authors.affiliation: Sackler Institute of Pulmonary Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, UK.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Spina
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D007546:Isoquinolines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000187:drug effects*; D009130:Muscle, Smooth / Q000187:drug effects*; D011744:Pyrimidinones / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D014132:Trachea / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D007546:Isoquinolines; D011744:Pyrimidinones; C512996:ensifentrine