title: Emergency primary care personnel's perception of professional-patient interaction in aggressive incidents -- a qualitative study.
abstract: Incidents of aggression and violence from patients and visitors occur in emergency primary care. Most previous studies have focused on risk factors such as characteristics of patient, health personnel or situation. This study aimed to explore professional-patient interaction in aggressive situations.
  
  
  
  A focus group study with eight focus groups was performed, including a total of 37 nurses and physicians aged 25-69 years. The participants were invited to talk about their experiences of violence in emergency primary care. Analysis was conducted by systematic text condensation. Results were then illuminated by Honneth's theory The Struggle for Recognition.
  
  
  
  We identified three main themes regarding the interaction between health personnel and patients or visitors in aggressive situations: (1) unmet needs, (2) involuntary assessment, and (3) unsolicited touch. In all interactions the aggressive behaviour could be understood as a struggle for recognition.
  
  
  
  Aggression is more likely to arise in situations where the patients' needs or personal borders are invalidated. The struggle for personal recognition during the interaction between patient and health professionals should be addressed in health professionals' education. This knowledge might increase their awareness and help them to react in a more expedient manner.
authors.affiliation: National Centre for Emergency Primary Health Care, Uni Research Health, Kalfarveien 31, 5018, Bergen, Norway. tone.morken@uni.no.
authors.forename: Tone
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Morken
authors.affiliation: National Centre for Emergency Primary Health Care, Uni Research Health, Kalfarveien 31, 5018, Bergen, Norway.|Faculty of Public Health and Social Sciences, Bergen University College, Box 7030, 5020, Bergen, Norway.
authors.forename: Kjersti
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Alsaker
authors.affiliation: National Centre for Emergency Primary Health Care, Uni Research Health, Kalfarveien 31, 5018, Bergen, Norway.
authors.forename: Ingrid H
authors.initials: IH
authors.lastname: Johansen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000374:Aggression; D004632:Emergency Medical Services; D017144:Focus Groups; D005639:Frustration; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D017008:Negotiating; D009664:Norway; D009723:Nurse-Patient Relations; D010817:Physician-Patient Relations; D011320:Primary Health Care; D036301:Qualitative Research; D064450:Workplace Violence
keywords: Aggression; Primary care; Professional-patient relations; Qualitative research; Workplace violence