title: Effect of increased agitation speed on pathogen inactivation efficacy and in vitro quality in UVC-treated platelet concentrates.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Pathogen inactivation technologies require continuous development for adjustment to different blood components and products. With Theraflex UV-Platelets, a system using shortwave ultraviolet C (UVC) light (254 nm), efficient mixing of platelet concentrates (PCs) during UVC treatment is essential to ensure homogeneous illumination of the blood components. In this study, we investigated the impact of increasing the agitation speed during UVC treatment on pathogen inactivation capacity and platelet quality.
  
  
  METHODS
  The pathogen inactivation efficacy of UVC treatment was evaluated at two agitation speeds (110 vs. 180 rpm) using four different transfusion-relevant bacteria strains and three model viruses. Using a pool-and-split design, the in vitro quality of buffy coat-derived PCs stored in SSP+ additive solution for up to 7 days was assessed in UVC-treated PCs agitated at either 110 rpm (standard speed) or 180 rpm (increased speed) and in untreated controls.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The higher agitation speed improved bacterial inactivation but did not influence viral inactivation. Metabolic activity (glucose consumption and lactate accumulation) in UVC-treated platelets was slightly higher than in untreated controls. Increases in parameters such as CD62P expression and annexin A5 binding indicated moderate activation of UVC-treated platelets. Quality variables for UVC-treated platelets agitated at standard vs. increased agitation speed were comparable.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The mixing rate during illumination may be a process parameter for further development of UVC-based pathogen inactivation procedures for PLT concentrates.
authors.affiliation: Department of Product and Process Development, Sanquin Blood Bank, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: P F
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: van der Meer
authors.affiliation: Red Cross Blood Service NSTOB, Institute Springe, Springe, Germany.
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Gravemann
authors.affiliation: Department of Product and Process Development, Sanquin Blood Bank, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.|Department of Blood Cell Research, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: de Korte
authors.affiliation: Macopharma S.A., Tourcoing, France.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sumian
authors.affiliation: Maco Pharma International GmbH, Langen, Germany.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Tolksdorf
authors.affiliation: Red Cross Blood Service NSTOB, Institute Springe, Springe, Germany.
authors.forename: T H
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Müller
authors.affiliation: Red Cross Blood Service NSTOB, Institute Springe, Springe, Germany.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Seltsam
mesh_terms: D017304:Annexin A5 / Q000378:metabolism; D001419:Bacteria / Q000528:radiation effects; D001792:Blood Platelets / Q000378:metabolism / Q000528:radiation effects; D001908:Diarrhea Viruses, Bovine Viral / Q000502:physiology / Q000528:radiation effects; D011558:Herpesvirus 1, Suid / Q000502:physiology / Q000528:radiation effects; D006801:Humans; D019007:P-Selectin / Q000378:metabolism; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays; D038301:Virus Inactivation / Q000528:radiation effects
chemical_list: D017304:Annexin A5; D019007:P-Selectin
keywords: blood components; pathogen inactivation; platelet concentrates