title: Factors Associated With Whether Pediatricians Inquire About Parents' Adverse Childhood Experiences.
abstract: Cumulative adverse childhood experiences (ACE) can have profound and lasting effects on parenting. Parents with a history of multiple ACE have greater challenges modulating their own stress responses and helping their children adapt to life stressors. We examined pediatric practice in inquiring about parents' childhood adversities as of 2013.
  
  
  
  Using data from the 85th Periodic Survey of the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP), we restricted analyses to the 302 pediatricians exclusively practicing general pediatrics who answered questions regarding their beliefs about childhood stressors, their role in advising parents, and whether they asked about parents' ACEs. Weighted descriptive and logistic regression analyses were conducted.
  
  
  
  Despite endorsing the influence of positive parenting on a child's life-course trajectory (96%), that their advice can impact parenting skills (79%), and that screening for social-emotional risks is within their scope of practice (81%), most pediatricians (61%) did not inquire about parents' ACE. Pediatricians who believed that their advice influences positive parenting skills inquired about more parents' ACE.
  
  
  
  As of 2013, few pediatricians inquired about parents' ACEs despite recognizing their negative impact on parenting behaviors and child development. Research is needed regarding the best approaches to the prevention and amelioration of ACEs and the promotion of family and child resilience. Pediatricians need resources and education about the AAP's proposed dyadic approach to assessing family and child risk factors and strengths and to providing guidance and management.
authors.affiliation: University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, Calif. Electronic address: mszilagyi@mednet.ucla.edu.
authors.forename: Moira
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Szilagyi
authors.affiliation: Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY; Nathan Kline Institute of Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY.
authors.forename: Bonnie D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Kerker
authors.affiliation: Statistical Research Consultants LLC, Schaumburg, Ill.
authors.forename: Amy
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Storfer-Isser
authors.affiliation: Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Children's Hospital at Montefiore, New York, NY.
authors.forename: Ruth E K
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Stein
authors.affiliation: Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Westlake, Ohio.
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Garner
authors.affiliation: American Academy of Pediatrics, Elk Grove Village, Ill.
authors.forename: Karen G
authors.initials: KG
authors.lastname: O'Connor
authors.affiliation: Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY; New York State Office of Mental Health, Albany, NY.
authors.forename: Kimberly E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Hoagwood
authors.affiliation: Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY.
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: McCue Horwitz
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000069586:Adult Survivors of Child Adverse Events; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008487:Medical History Taking; D008875:Middle Aged; D016487:Parenting; D010290:Parents; D000072143:Pediatricians; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians'; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: adverse childhood experiences; parenting; parents' ACE; pediatric primary care