title: Omega-3 fatty acid supplementation combined with acute aerobic exercise does not alter the improved post-exercise insulin response in normoglycemic, inactive and overweight men.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to determine if omega-3 (n-3) supplementation combined with acute aerobic exercise would improve glucose and insulin responses in normoglycemic, inactive, overweight men.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a random order, ten inactive and normoglycemic men (30.6 ± 10 years, 85.4 ± 11 kg, 26.7 ± 4 BMI) completed a rest (R) and exercise trial (EX) without n-3 supplementation. Following 42 days of n-3 supplementation, participants again completed a rest (R + n-3) and exercise trial (EX + n-3) with continued n-3 supplementation. The exercise trial consisted of 3 days of ~70 % VO2peak for 60 min/session. N-3 supplementation entailed 4.55 g/day of n-3 (EPA 2.45 g, DHA 1.61 g). A 75 g oral glucose tolerance (OGTT) test was administered 14-16 h after each trial.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Relative to R (35,278 ± 9169 pmol/L), EX without n-3 reduced the incremental area under the curve for insulin (iAUCinsulin) during an OGTT by 21.3 % (27765 ± 4925 pmol/L, p = 0.018) and 20.6 % after the EX + n-3 trial (27,999 ± 8370 pmol/L; p = 0.007). In addition, EX (96 ± 21 pmol/L; p = 0.006) reduced C-peptide by 13.5 % when compared to R (111 ± 26 pmol/L). No difference was observed between R and n-3 trials for iAUCinsulin and iAUCC-peptide. Only EX improved insulin sensitivity index by 5.6 % (p = 0.02) when compared to R.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data suggest that n-3 supplementation does not add any additional benefit beyond the exercise induced insulin responses in inactive men. Furthermore, n-3 supplementation alone does not appear to impair insulin action in normoglycemic, inactive, overweight men.
authors.affiliation: Exercise Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, Texas Woman's University, Denton, TX, USA. erivas4@uci.edu.|Institute for Clinical and Translational Science & Department of Pediatrics, The University of California, Irvine, CA, USA. erivas4@uci.edu.
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Rivas
authors.affiliation: Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, Edwardsville, IL, USA.
authors.forename: Joshua S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Wooten
authors.affiliation: Exercise Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, Texas Woman's University, Denton, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Daniel E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Newmire
authors.affiliation: Exercise Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, Texas Woman's University, Denton, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Vic
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Ben-Ezra
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy / Q000379:methods; D004035:Diet Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D015444:Exercise; D005081:Exercise Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3 / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D050177:Overweight / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy*; D057185:Sedentary Behavior; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3; D007328:Insulin
keywords: Aerobic exercise; Glucose tolerance; Insulin response; Insulin sensitivity; Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid