title: Associations between shift schedule characteristics with sleep, need for recovery, health and performance measures for regular (semi-)continuous 3-shift systems.
abstract: In this cross-sectional study associations were examined between eight shift schedule characteristics with shift-specific sleep complaints and need for recovery and generic health and performance measures. It was hypothesized that shift schedule characteristics meeting ergonomic recommendations are associated with better sleep, need for recovery, health and performance. Questionnaire data were collected from 491 shift workers of 18 companies with 9 regular (semi)-continuous shift schedules. The shift schedule characteristics were analyzed separately and combined using multilevel linear regression models. The hypothesis was largely not confirmed. Relatively few associations were found, of which the majority was in the direction as expected. In particular early starts of morning shifts and many consecutive shifts seem to be avoided. The healthy worker effect, limited variation between included schedules and the cross-sectional design might explain the paucity of significant results.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Sciences, Division of Community and Occupational Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713AV Groningen, The Netherlands. Electronic address: h.a.van.de.ven@umcg.nl.
authors.forename: Hardy A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: van de Ven
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Sciences, Division of Community and Occupational Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713AV Groningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Brouwer
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Sciences, Division of Community and Occupational Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713AV Groningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Wendy
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Koolhaas
authors.affiliation: TNO, Schipholweg 77-89, 2316 ZL Leiden, The Netherlands; Windesheim, University of Applied Sciences, Hospitaaldreef 5, 1315 RC Almere, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Anneke
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Goudswaard
authors.affiliation: TNO, Schipholweg 77-89, 2316 ZL Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Human Movement Sciences, VU University, Van der Boechorststraat 9, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Michiel P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: de Looze
authors.affiliation: Stress Research Institute, University of Stockholm, Stockholm University, Frescati Hagväg 16 A, 114 19 Stockholm, Sweden; Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Montessorilaan 3, A.08.29 6525 HR Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Göran
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kecklund
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Sciences, Division of Community and Occupational Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713AV Groningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Josue
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Almansa
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Sciences, Division of Community and Occupational Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713AV Groningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Ute
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Bültmann
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Sciences, Division of Community and Occupational Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713AV Groningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Jac J L
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: van der Klink
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005221:Fatigue / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D015989:Healthy Worker Effect; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000209:etiology*; D016272:Occupational Health; D012146:Rest / Q000502:physiology; D012890:Sleep; D012893:Sleep Wake Disorders / Q000209:etiology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013997:Time Factors; D014940:Work Schedule Tolerance / Q000502:physiology*
keywords: Fatigue; Health; Need for recovery; Shift work; Sleep; Work functioning; Work schedule tolerance