title: Analogue patients' self-reported engagement and psychophysiological arousal in a video-vignettes design: Patients versus disease-naïve individuals.
abstract: The ecological validity of video-vignettes design investigating patient-provider communication hinges on the engagement of analogue patients (APs) with the vignette. The present study aimed to compare engagement in two commonly utilized groups of APs, patients and disease-naïve individuals. Engagement was assessed by self-report and in the form of physiological arousal.
  
  
  
  Cancer patients (N=22) and disease-naïve individuals (N=24) were recruited as APs. APs completed the Video Engagement Scale after watching a vignette of a oncologic bad news consultation. Electrodermal and cardiovascular activity were assessed continuously during watching the vignette, and cortisol levels were assessed in four saliva samples.
  
  
  
  Patients reported higher engagement with the vignette than disease-naïve individuals (t=2.46, p<0.05) and showed a larger blood pressure response (systolic: F=5.87, p<0.01 and diastolic: F=4.00, p<0.05). However, these differences disappeared after adjusting for age. No group differences were found on other psychophysiological parameters.
  
  
  
  Our results suggest that patients and disease-naïve individuals are equally engaged when viewing video vignettes. When group differences were found, older age turned out to be a more prominent predictor of engagement.
  
  
  
  Researchers may consider other arguments besides APs' disease history when selecting an AP group.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Psychology, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Electronic address: N.C.Visser@amc.uva.nl.
authors.forename: Leonie N C
authors.initials: LN
authors.lastname: Visser
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Psychology, Leiden University, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Marieke S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Tollenaar
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Jos A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Bosch
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Lorenz J P
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: van Doornen
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Psychology, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Hanneke C J M
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: de Haes
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Psychology, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Ellen M A
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Smets
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001143:Arousal / Q000502:physiology*; D003142:Communication; D005260:Female; D005712:Galvanic Skin Response / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000523:psychology*; D010817:Physician-Patient Relations; D011603:Psychophysiology; D012017:Referral and Consultation; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014741:Video Recording
keywords: Analogue patients; Cortisol; Electrodermal activity; Engagement; Heart rate; Patient-provider communication; Psychophysiology; Video-vignettes design