title: Occurrence of Lutzomyia longipalpis andhuman and canine cases of visceral leishmaniasis and evaluation of their expansion in the Northwest region of the State of São Paulo, Brazil.
abstract: INTRODUCTION This paper aims to describe the dispersion of Lutzomyia longipalpis and the autochthonous occurrence of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in the Northwest region of the State of São Paulo between 2007 and 2013 and to analyze their expansion. METHODS Information about the vector and associated cases was described using maps. The incidence, mortality, and lethality of human visceral leishmaniasis (HVL) were calculated. In municipalities in which more than one HVL case occurred, incidences were calculated according to census sector, and spatial and spatiotemporal clusters were identified. RESULTS The first case of HVL was reported in the municipality of Jales in 2007. By 2013, the vector and the disease had expanded from west to east, with the vector being detected in 29 municipalities. A total of 11 municipalities had cases of canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL), and six had cases of HVL. Vector expansion occurred by vicinity with previously infested municipalities, and the expansion of VL was related to the major highways and the capital municipalities of the micro-regions in the study area. The highest incidence of HVL occurred in children between 0-4 years old, and the highest mortality and lethality occurred among persons aged 60 and older. The occurrence of HLV was more intense in the peripheral areas of municipalities with the disease. CONCLUSIONS The findings of this study may be useful for improving VL surveillance and control activities by slowing VL expansion and/or mitigating VL effects when they occur.
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Pública, Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Agda Maria
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Oliveira
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Vetores de São José do Rio Preto, Superintendência de Controle de Endemias, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marluci Monteiro
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Guirado
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Superintendência de Controle de Endemias, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Margareth Regina
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Dibo
authors.affiliation: Serviço Regional 9, Superintendência de Controle de Endemias, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Lilian Aparecida Colebrusco
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Rodas
authors.affiliation: Grupo de Vigilância Epidemiológica XXIX, Centro de Vigilância Epidemiológica Alexandre Vranjac, Coordenação de Controle de Doenças, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Monica Regina
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Bocchi
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Epidemiologia, Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Francisco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Chiaravalloti-Neto
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000401:mortality / Q000635:transmission*; D004285:Dogs; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007303:Insect Vectors; D007898:Leishmaniasis, Visceral / Q000401:mortality / Q000635:transmission* / Q000662:veterinary; D008875:Middle Aged; D011576:Psychodidae; D062211:Spatio-Temporal Analysis; D055815:Young Adult