title: Effects of Brassicaceae Isothiocyanates on Prostate Cancer.
abstract: Despite the major progress made in the field of cancer biology, cancer is still one of the leading causes of mortality, and prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most encountered malignancies among men. The effective management of this disease requires developing better anticancer agents with greater efficacy and fewer side effects. Nature is a large source for the development of chemotherapeutic agents, with more than 50% of current anticancer drugs being of natural origin. Isothiocyanates (ITCs) are degradation products from glucosinolates that are present in members of the family Brassicaceae. Although they are known for a variety of therapeutic effects, including antioxidant, immunostimulatory, anti-inflammatory, antiviral and antibacterial properties, nowadays, cell line and animal studies have additionally indicated the chemopreventive action without causing toxic side effects of ITCs. In this way, they can induce cell cycle arrest, activate apoptosis pathways, increase the sensitivity of resistant PCa to available chemodrugs, modulate epigenetic changes and downregulate activated signaling pathways, resulting in the inhibition of cell proliferation, progression and invasion-metastasis. The present review summarizes the chemopreventive role of ITCs with a particular emphasis on specific molecular targets and epigenetic alterations in in vitro and in vivo cancer animal models.
authors.affiliation: Lennart Levi Stress and Neuroimmunology Laboratory, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Santiago de Compostela, c/San Francisco, s/n, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain. silvia.novio@usc.es.
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Novío
authors.affiliation: Group of Genetics, Breeding and Biochemistry of Brassicas, Misión Biológica de Galicia (CSIC) Aptdo. 28, 36080 Pontevedra, Spain. ecartea@mbg.csic.es.
authors.forename: María Elena
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Cartea
authors.affiliation: Group of Genetics, Breeding and Biochemistry of Brassicas, Misión Biológica de Galicia (CSIC) Aptdo. 28, 36080 Pontevedra, Spain. psoengas@mbg.csic.es.
authors.forename: Pilar
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Soengas
authors.affiliation: Lennart Levi Stress and Neuroimmunology Laboratory, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Santiago de Compostela, c/San Francisco, s/n, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain. manuel.freire-garabal@usc.es.
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Freire-Garabal
authors.affiliation: Lennart Levi Stress and Neuroimmunology Laboratory, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Santiago de Compostela, c/San Francisco, s/n, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain. mjesus.nunez@usc.es.
authors.forename: María Jesús
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Núñez-Iglesias
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016588:Anticarcinogenic Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D019607:Brassicaceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D059447:Cell Cycle Checkpoints / Q000187:drug effects; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006801:Humans; D017879:Isothiocyanates / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D016588:Anticarcinogenic Agents; D017879:Isothiocyanates
keywords: angiogenesis; apoptosis; carcinogenesis; cell cycle; chemoprevention; epigenetics; isothiocyanates; metastasis; prostate cancer; therapy resistance