title: In vitro anti-Acanthamoeba synergistic effect of chlorhexidine and cationic carbosilane dendrimers against both trophozoite and cyst forms.
abstract: Acanthamoeba sp. are the causative agents of severe illnesses in humans such as Acanthamoeba keratitis (AK) and granulomatous amoebic encephalitis (GAE). Medical therapy is not yet well established. Treatments of AK last for several months and generate toxicity, resistances appear due to the cysts stage and recurrences can occur. In this study has been demonstrated that the combination of chlorhexidine digluconate (CLX) and carbosilane dendrimers containing ammonium or guanidine moieties has in vitro synergistic effect against Acanthamoeba polyphaga. This synergy provokes an important reduction in the minimal trophozoite amoebicidal concentration (MTAC) of CLX, which means a reduction of their toxic effects on human cells. Moreover, some CLX/dendrimer combinations show important activity against the cyst resistance stage.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Biomedicina y Biotecnología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Alcalá, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain. Electronic address: irene.heredero@edu.uah.es.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Heredero-Bermejo
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Alcalá, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain; Networking Research Center for Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sánchez-Nieves
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Biomedicina y Biotecnología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Alcalá, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Soliveri
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Alcalá, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain; Networking Research Center for Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gómez
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Alcalá, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain; Networking Research Center for Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: F J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: de la Mata
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Biomedicina y Biotecnología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Alcalá, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Copa-Patiño
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Biomedicina y Biotecnología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Alcalá, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pérez-Serrano
mesh_terms: D000048:Acanthamoeba / Q000187:drug effects*; D015823:Acanthamoeba Keratitis / Q000188:drug therapy; D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local / Q000494:pharmacology; D002412:Cations / Q000494:pharmacology*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002710:Chlorhexidine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D003560:Cysts / Q000188:drug therapy*; D050091:Dendrimers / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004357:Drug Synergism; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D012821:Silanes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D053058:Trophozoites / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local; D002412:Cations; D050091:Dendrimers; D012821:Silanes; C504072:carbosilane; C010882:chlorhexidine gluconate; D002710:Chlorhexidine
keywords: Acanthamoeba; Acanthamoeba keratitis; Carbosilane dendrimers; Chlorhexidne; Drug resistance; Microbicide; Synergy