title: Prevalence of HCV Infections and Co-Infection With HBV and HIV and Associated Risk Factors Among Addicts in Drug Treatment Centers, Lorestan Province, Iran.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hepatitis C is an infectious disease caused by blood-borne pathogen, hepatitis C virus (HCV).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of HCV infection and associated risk factors among addicts in drug treatment centers in Lorestan Province, Iran.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional sero-behavioral survey was given to drug addicts in the drug treatment centers of Khorramabad, Lorestan Province, Iran during June 2012 - March 2013. Drug addicts were interviewed using a standard questionnaire including demographic, imprisonment history, and HCV-related risk behavior items. Thereafter, the sera drawn from the participants were tested for anti-HCV antibody (Ab), anti-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) Ab, and hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean age of the cohorts was 31.7. Up to 60.2% of drug users had educational levels less than high school, 67.5% were self-employed, and 32.5% were office workers. The mean duration of drug injection was 6.8 years. Statistical analyses indicated that the prevalence of HCV among drug addicts was positively associated with age, past incarceration, drug injection history, the duration of drug use, and tattooing. In addition, 16.23% of volunteers were HCV-positive. Of those infected with HCV, 1.10% was co-infected with HBV, 2.95% were positive for HIV, and 0.36% of HCV-positive cases were infected with all three viruses.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The high prevalence of HCV infection among this group implies a high rate of transmission and exposure to the risk of serious diseases. It is important that the high prevalence of HCV infection be taken into consideration to control further transmission of this infection.
authors.affiliation: Hepatitis Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, IR Iran.
authors.forename: Hossein
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Norouzian
authors.affiliation: Hepatitis Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, IR Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammadreza
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gholami
authors.affiliation: Hepatitis Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, IR Iran.
authors.forename: Pegah
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Shakib
authors.affiliation: Hepatitis Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, IR Iran.
authors.forename: Gholamreza
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Goudarzi
authors.affiliation: Razi Vaccine Serum Research Institute, Virology Department, Karaj, IR Iran.
authors.forename: Hamze
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ghobadian Diali
authors.affiliation: Deputy of Health Services, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, IR Iran.
authors.forename: Azam
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rezvani
keywords: Hepatitis C Virus; Prevalence; Risk Factors; Substance Abuse Treatment Centers