title: Exercises for Women with Persistent Pelvic and Low Back Pain after Pregnancy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Specific stabilizing exercises activating deep local muscles in coordination with global muscles are recommended in the treatment of pregnancy-related lumbopelvic pain. Some studies have suggested that recruitment of the deepest abdominal muscle, transversus abdominis, is crucial in the development and improvement of lumbopelvic pain.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This exploratory study aimed to describe the development of pain, disability and transversus abdominis recruitment before, during and after an individually designed intervention including an exercise program for women with persisting lumbopelvic pain after delivery.
  
  
  METHODS
  A multiple-baseline, single-subject experimental design was applied.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixteen women with lumbopelvic pain after delivery were included and received tailored exercise therapy, including ultrasound-guided activation of deep muscles, strengthening and stretching exercises and advice. Pain, disability and ultrasound-recorded activation of transversus abdominis was registered weekly. Treatment and testing was performed in a primary care setting in Trondheim, Norway.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All sixteen included women reported reduced pain and decreased disability over the intervention period. The magnitude of transversus abdominis activation varied substantially between individuals and tests. While there was a statistically significant correlation between change in pain and change in disability, no correlation was observed between change in transversus abdominis activation and change in symptoms.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is an exploratory study and results cannot be generalized without replication in controlled studies.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pain and disability due to persistent low back and pelvic pain after delivery were reduced after specific, individual adapted exercise including deep and superficial lumbopelvic muscles. Changes in pain and disability were not associated with changes in transversus abdominis activation.
authors.affiliation: Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and General Practice Sør-Trøndelag University College, Faculty of Health and Social Science, Department of Physiotherapy. monica.unsgaard.tondel@ntnu.no.
authors.forename: Monica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Unsgaard-Tøndel
authors.forename: Ottar
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Vasseljen
authors.forename: Astrid
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Woodhouse
authors.forename: Siv
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Morkved