title: Procedure to Evaluate the Efficiency of Flocculants for the Removal of Dispersed Particles from Plant Extracts.
abstract: Plants are important to humans not only because they provide commodities such as food, feed and raw materials, but increasingly because they can be used as manufacturing platforms for added-value products such as biopharmaceuticals. In both cases, liquid plant extracts may need to be clarified to remove particulates. Optimal clarification reduces the costs of filtration and centrifugation by increasing capacity and longevity. This can be achieved by introducing charged polymers known as flocculants, which cross-link dispersed particles to facilitate solid-liquid separation. There are no mechanistic flocculation models for complex mixtures such as plant extracts so empirical models are used instead. Here a design-of-experiments procedure is described that allows the rapid screening of different flocculants, optimizing the clarification of plant extracts and significantly reducing turbidity. The resulting predictive models allow the identification of robust process conditions and sets of polymers with complementary properties, e.g. effective flocculation in extracts with specific conductivities. The results presented for tobacco leaf extracts can easily be adapted to other plant species or tissues and will thus facilitate the development of more cost-effective downstream processes for commodities and plant-derived pharmaceuticals.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e. V.; Institute for Molecular Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University; johannes.buyel@rwth-aachen.de.
authors.forename: Johannes F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Buyel
mesh_terms: D005374:Filtration / Q000379:methods; D005427:Flocculation; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry; D014026:Nicotiana / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D010936:Plant Extracts; D011108:Polymers