title: Long-term Complications After Transcatheter Atrial Septal Defect Closure: A Review of the Medical Literature.
abstract: Percutaneous closure has evolved to become the first-line treatment strategy for most cases of secundum atrial septal defect (ASD) in both adults and children. Its safety and efficacy have been proved; percutaneous ASD occlusion offers many advantages over surgical closure, including avoidance of cardiopulmonary bypass, avoidance of sternotomy scar, shorter hospitalization, and a potentially lower incidence of postprocedural complications. Periprocedural course and short-term outcome have been widely described, with low mortality and morbidity rates. However, the wide use of ASD closure devices and the growing experience worldwide brought some delayed and rare complications to light. Device thrombosis and cardiac erosion are the most severe late complications of device closure, whereas atrial arrhythmias are the most common. Other delayed complications include nickel allergy, cardiac conduction abnormalities, valvular damage, and device endocarditis. The long-term complication rate is not null and, although rare, some of these complications may be sudden and potentially life-threatening. Moreover, the occurrence and rate of these complications vary with the different devices used currently or in the past. Therefore, both operators and patients need to be aware of these issues to assist them in the choice of intervention or device, or both, and to adapt follow-up modalities. In this review, we sought to describe the type, incidence, and outcome of these rare but potentially serious device closure delayed complications.
authors.affiliation: Groupe de cathétérisme interventionnel pédiatrique et congénital, Filiale de cardiologie pédiatrique et congénitale de la Société Française de Cardiologie, Paris, France; University Hospital of Bordeaux-Department of Paediatric and Adult Congenital Heart Defects, Bordeaux, France; Université Victor Segalen, Bordeaux, France. Electronic address: jalalzakaria1@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Zakaria
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Jalal
authors.affiliation: Groupe de cathétérisme interventionnel pédiatrique et congénital, Filiale de cardiologie pédiatrique et congénitale de la Société Française de Cardiologie, Paris, France; Paediatric and Congenital Cardiac Surgery, M3C Marie-Lannelongue Hospital, Paris Sud University, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Sebastien
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hascoet
authors.affiliation: Groupe de cathétérisme interventionnel pédiatrique et congénital, Filiale de cardiologie pédiatrique et congénitale de la Société Française de Cardiologie, Paris, France; Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, Morgan Stanley Children's Hospital at New York Presbyterian, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Alban-Elouen
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Baruteau
authors.affiliation: University Hospital of Bordeaux-Department of Paediatric and Adult Congenital Heart Defects, Bordeaux, France.
authors.forename: Xavier
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Iriart
authors.affiliation: University Hospital of Bordeaux-Department of Paediatric and Adult Congenital Heart Defects, Bordeaux, France.
authors.forename: Bernard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kreitmann
authors.affiliation: Groupe de cathétérisme interventionnel pédiatrique et congénital, Filiale de cardiologie pédiatrique et congénitale de la Société Française de Cardiologie, Paris, France; Centre de Référence Malformations Cardiaques Congénitales Complexes-M3C, Pediatric Cardiology, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Younes
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Boudjemline
authors.affiliation: Groupe de cathétérisme interventionnel pédiatrique et congénital, Filiale de cardiologie pédiatrique et congénitale de la Société Française de Cardiologie, Paris, France; University Hospital of Bordeaux-Department of Paediatric and Adult Congenital Heart Defects, Bordeaux, France; Université Victor Segalen, Bordeaux, France.
authors.forename: Jean-Benoit
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Thambo
mesh_terms: D001022:Aortic Valve Insufficiency / Q000209:etiology; D001145:Arrhythmias, Cardiac / Q000209:etiology; D054537:Atrioventricular Block / Q000209:etiology; D006328:Cardiac Catheterization; D004696:Endocarditis / Q000209:etiology; D006344:Heart Septal Defects, Atrial / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D006967:Hypersensitivity / Q000209:etiology; D008881:Migraine Disorders / Q000209:etiology; D008944:Mitral Valve Insufficiency / Q000209:etiology; D009532:Nickel / Q000009:adverse effects; D011475:Prosthesis Failure; D055989:Septal Occluder Device / Q000009:adverse effects*; D013927:Thrombosis / Q000209:etiology
chemical_list: D009532:Nickel