title: Anti-inflammatory Effects of Novel Polysaccharide Sacran Extracted from Cyanobacterium Aphanothece sacrum in Various Inflammatory Animal Models.
abstract: The goal of this study was to investigate the topical anti-inflammatory effects of the megamolecular polysaccharide sacran extracted from cyanobacterium Aphanothece sacrum using various inflammatory animal models. Sacran showed potent anti-inflammatory effects with optimum effective concentrations at 0.01 and 0.05% (w/v). Sacran markedly inhibited paw swelling and neutrophil infiltration in carrageenan-induced rat paw edema. Additionally, 6,7-dimethoxy-1-methyl-2(1H)-quinoxalinone-3-propionyl-carboxylic acid (DMEQ)-labeled sacran had the ability to penetrate carrageenan-induced rat paw skin rather than normal skin. Also, sacran significantly suppressed kaolin-induced and dextran-induced rat paw edema throughout the duration of the study. Furthermore, sacran significantly suppressed 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced mouse ear edema and mRNA expression levels of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 as well as pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6. Safety of sacran solution was verified by negligible cytotoxicity in HaCaT cells. These results suggest that sacran may be useful as a therapeutic agent against inflammatory skin diseases with no life-threatening adverse effects.
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University.
authors.forename: Keiichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Motoyama
authors.forename: Yuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tanida
authors.forename: Kyona
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hata
authors.forename: Tomoya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hayashi
authors.forename: Irhan Ibrahim Abu
authors.initials: II
authors.lastname: Hashim
authors.forename: Taishi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Higashi
authors.forename: Yoichi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ishitsuka
authors.forename: Yuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kondo
authors.forename: Tetsumi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Irie
authors.forename: Shinichiro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kaneko
authors.forename: Hidetoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Arima
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002351:Carrageenan; D002460:Cell Line; D000458:Cyanobacteria; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000235:genetics; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D003911:Dextrans; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004487:Edema / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007616:Kaolin; D008297:Male; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011810:Quinoxalines; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D016207:Cytokines; D003911:Dextrans; D011134:Polysaccharides; D011810:Quinoxalines; C571099:sacran; D007616:Kaolin; D002351:Carrageenan; C077623:Ptgs2 protein, mouse; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate