title: Burnout and the provision of psychosocial care amongst Australian cancer nurses.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the prevalence of burnout amongst Australian cancer nurses as well as investigate the systemic and individual factors associated with burnout, including training and supervision for nurses in psychosocial care. Burnout amongst cancer nurses can have serious consequences for the individual nurse, the hospital and patients. Psychosocial care has been demonstrated in many studies to reduce distress in cancer patients; however, previous studies have suggested that providing psychosocial care can be stressful if nurses feel they lack appropriate training. Psychosocial skill training and supervision may be a way of improving job satisfaction and reducing burnout amongst nurses.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two hundred and thirty cancer nurses were recruited between November 2010 and April 2011 and completed an online questionnaire.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Burnout levels within this population were found to be below nursing norms. Adequacy of training and supervision, frequency of supervision and percentage of role spent managing psychosocial care were found to be associated with burnout. Workload, Control, Reward and Community were independent predictors of burnout, and nurses with a greater mismatch in these areas identified as having High levels of burnout.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Strategies to reduce burnout include providing cancer nurses with a varied and sustainable workload, awarding financial and social recognition of efforts and encouraging nurses to develop a sense of control over their work. Providing regular training and supervision in psychosocial care that is perceived to be adequate may also assist in reducing burnout.
authors.affiliation: Department: School of Psychology, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. Electronic address: kirsty.r.mcmillan@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Kirsty
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mcmillan
authors.affiliation: Department: School of Psychology, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. Electronic address: Phyllis.butow@sydney.edu.au.
authors.forename: Phyllis
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Butow
authors.affiliation: Department: Psychiatry, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. Electronic address: jane.turner@uq.edu.au.
authors.forename: Jane
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Turner
authors.affiliation: Department: School of Nursing, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. Electronic address: p.yates@qut.edu.au.
authors.forename: Patsy
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Yates
authors.affiliation: Department: School of Nursing, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. Electronic address: kate.white@sydney.edu.au.
authors.forename: Kate
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: White
authors.affiliation: Department: Ingram School of Nursing, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Electronic address: sylvie.lambert@mcgill.ca.
authors.forename: Sylvie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lambert
authors.affiliation: Department: School of Nursing, The University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia. Electronic address: moiras@uow.edu.au.
authors.forename: Moira
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stephens
authors.affiliation: Rush University Medical Center, United States. Electronic address: catalina_lawsin@rush.edu.
authors.forename: Catalina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lawsin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001315:Australia; D002055:Burnout, Professional / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007588:Job Satisfaction; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000451:nursing*; D009740:Nursing Staff / Q000523:psychology*; D009859:Oncology Nursing; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D016526:Workload / Q000523:psychology
keywords: Cancer nurses; Nursing; Psychosocial care; Supervision; Training; burnout