title: N,N-dimethyl-2-phenylpropan-1-amine quantification in urine: application to excretion study following single oral dietary supplement dose.
abstract: N,N-dimethyl-2-phenylpropan-1-amine (NN-DMPPA) is a new designer stimulant prohibited in sport in-competition according to the List of Prohibited Substances and Methods published by the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA). The first published data on the excretion study of NN-DMPPA to support the knowledge of NN-DMPPA in routine anti-doping control have been presented. The reliable gas chromatography-mass spectrometry quantitative method (GC-MS) has been validated and applied to the excretion study of NN-DMPPA. The validation parameters of the GC-MS method for determination of NN-DMPPA in human urine were the linear calibration range of 100 to 7500 ng/mL, the LOD of 13.9 ng/mL and the LOQ of 42.2 ng/mL. According to the obtained repeatability, intermediate precision, and trueness, the applied GC-MS method was precise and accurate. Urine samples from three volunteers in the excretion study were collected for 5 days after single oral administration of the supplement NOXPUMP containing NN-DMPPA. The obtained results showed the maximum concentration of NN-DMPPA (189-303 ng/mL) in urine samples at a time of 2-3 h post-administration. The NN-DMPPA concentration in urine samples was higher than 50 ng/mL until 22-23 h after the dietary supplement ingestion. This means that according to the WADA rules the use of a supplement containing NN-DMPPA may be related to a positive case when athletes took this supplement in-competition. Moreover, excretion results demonstrate also that NN-DMPPA may be detected in urine samples by the applied GC-MS method till 46 h after supplement administration. Additionally, the excretion study of β-methylphenethylamine as the second prohibited substance present in the supplement NOXPUMP has been investigated. Graphical Abstract Excretion study of new designer stimulant, N,N-dimethyl-2-phenylpropan-1-amine, and β-methylphenethylamine following single oral NOXPUMP supplement dose.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anti-Doping Research, Institute of Sport - National Research Institute, Trylogii 2/16 Street, 01-982, Warsaw, Poland. marzena.wojtowicz@insp.waw.pl.
authors.forename: Marzena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wójtowicz
authors.affiliation: Department of Anti-Doping Research, Institute of Sport - National Research Institute, Trylogii 2/16 Street, 01-982, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jarek
authors.affiliation: Department of Anti-Doping Research, Institute of Sport - National Research Institute, Trylogii 2/16 Street, 01-982, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Katarzyna
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Chajewska
authors.affiliation: Department of Anti-Doping Research, Institute of Sport - National Research Institute, Trylogii 2/16 Street, 01-982, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Dorota
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kwiatkowska
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000328:Adult; D019587:Dietary Supplements / Q000032:analysis*; D004300:Doping in Sports / Q000517:prevention & control; D005260:Female; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008657:Metabolic Clearance Rate; D058573:Performance-Enhancing Substances / Q000652:urine*; D011437:Propylamines / Q000652:urine*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D015813:Substance Abuse Detection / Q000379:methods*; D016482:Urinalysis / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: C000603856:N,N-dimethyl-2-phenylpropan-1-amine; D058573:Performance-Enhancing Substances; D011437:Propylamines
keywords: Dietary supplement; Doping; Excretion study; GC-MS analysis; Sport; Stimulant