title: Apoptosis of T-Cell Subsets after Acute High-Intensity Interval Exercise.
abstract: High-intensity interval training (HIT) exercise has gained much interest in both performance and recreational sports. This study aims to compare the effect of HIT versus continuous (CONT) exercise with regard to changes of circulating T cells and progenitor cells.
  
  
  
  Subjects (n = 23) completed an HIT test and an isocaloric CONT test. Blood samples were collected before, immediately after, and 3 and 24 h postexercise for the assessment of low differentiated (CD3CD28CD57), highly differentiated T cells (CD3CD28CD57), regulatory T cells (Tregs) (CD4CD25CD127), hematopoietic progenitor cells (CD45CD34), and endothelial progenitor cells (CD45CD34KDR) by flow cytometry. The detection of apoptosis was performed by using labeling with annexin V. To analyze potential mechanisms affecting T cells, several hormones and metabolites were analyzed.
  
  
  
  Both exercise tests induced an increase of catecholamines, cortisol, and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (P < 0.05). CONT induced a higher increase of apoptosis in low differentiated T cells compared with the HIT (CONT: 3.66% ± 0.21% to 6.48% ± 0.29%, P < 0.05; HIT: 3.43% ± 0.31% to 4.71% ± 0.33%), whereas HIT was followed by a higher rate of apoptotic highly differentiated T cells (CONT: 21.45% ± 1.23% to 25.32% ± 1.67%; HIT: 22.45% ± 1.37% to 27.12% ± 1.76%, P < 0.05). Regarding Tregs, HIT induced a mobilization, whereas CONT induced apoptosis in these cells (P < 0.05). The mobilization of progenitor cells did not differ between the exercise protocols.
  
  
  
  These results suggest that HIT deletes mainly highly differentiated T cells known to affect immunity to control latent infections. By contrast, CONT deletes mainly low differentiated T cells and Tregs, which might affect defense against new infectious agents.
authors.affiliation: 1Department of Sports Medicine, Institute of Sports Sciences, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, GERMANY; 2Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, GERMANY; and 3MVZ for Laboratory Medicine, Koblenz, GERMANY.
authors.forename: Karsten
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Krüger
authors.forename: Katharina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Alack
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ringseis
authors.forename: Lena
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mink
authors.forename: Elisabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Pfeifer
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schinle
authors.forename: Katharina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Gindler
authors.forename: Lena
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kimmelmann
authors.forename: Rüdiger
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Walscheid
authors.forename: Kerstin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Muders
authors.forename: Torsten
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Frech
authors.forename: Klaus
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Eder
authors.forename: Frank-Christoph
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Mooren
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017209:Apoptosis; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D002395:Catecholamines / Q000097:blood; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified / Q000097:blood; D000072696:High-Intensity Interval Training; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000097:blood; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000097:blood; D007964:Leukocytosis; D008297:Male; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D016176:T-Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism; D013858:Thiobarbiturates / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D002395:Catecholamines; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; D013858:Thiobarbiturates; D019344:Lactic Acid; C029684:thiobarbituric acid; D006854:Hydrocortisone