title: Conditional Effects of Appearance and Performance Enhancing Drugs (APEDs) Use on Mood in Powerlifters and Bodybuilders.
abstract: Risk factors for steroid mood effects are unclear and few studies have examined drugs used concurrently with steroids (e.g., stimulants) or emotion regulation deficits that may have unique mood effects. We examined effects of steroid use, stimulant use, and history of mood, trauma, or anxiety disorders on mood in 130 men via online survey. Both steroid and stimulant use had few unique effects on mood. However, stimulant use was associated with increased negative affect and decreased automatic positive thoughts among individuals with a history of mood, trauma, or anxiety disorders. Results highlight the importance of patient differences in steroid effects.
authors.affiliation: The University of New Mexico, Center on Alcoholism, Substance Abuse, and Addictions, Albuquerque, NM USA.
authors.forename: Pilar M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Sanjuan
authors.affiliation: The University of New Mexico, Center on Alcoholism, Substance Abuse, and Addictions, Albuquerque, NM USA.
authors.forename: Matthew R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Pearson
authors.affiliation: Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Center of Alcohol Studies, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.
authors.forename: James L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Langenbucher
keywords: Anabolic-Androgenic Steroids; Appearance and Performance Enhancing Drugs; Mood; Stimulants; Thermogenic Ergogenic Drugs