title: Osteogenic signaling on silk-based matrices.
abstract: Bone tissue engineering has mainly focused on generating 3D grafts to repair bone defects. However, the underlying signaling mechanisms responsible for development of such 3D bone equivalents have largely been ignored. Here we describe the crucial aspects of embryonic osteogenesis and bone development including cell sources and general signaling cascades that guide mesenchymal progenitors towards osteogenic lineage. Drawing from the knowledge of developmental biology, we then review how silk biomaterial can regulate osteogenic signaling by focusing on the expression of cell surface markers, functional genomic information (mRNA) of stem cells cultured on silk matrices. In an attempt to recapitulate exact in vivo microenvironment of osteogenesis, role of scaffold architecture and material chemistry in regulating cellular differentiation is elaborated. The generated knowledge will not only improve our understanding of cell-material interactions but reveal newer strategies beyond a conventional tissue engineering paradigm and open new prospects for developing silk-based therapies against clinically relevant bone disorders.
authors.affiliation: Department of Textile Technology, IIT Delhi, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Swati
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Midha
authors.affiliation: Department of Textile Technology, IIT Delhi, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Sumit
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Murab
authors.affiliation: Department of Textile Technology, IIT Delhi, New Delhi, India. Electronic address: sghosh08@textile.iitd.ac.in.
authors.forename: Sourabh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ghosh
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000187:drug effects*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects*; D047011:Silk / Q000494:pharmacology*; D023822:Tissue Engineering
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D047011:Silk
keywords: Bone regeneration; Mulberry and non-mulberry; Osteogenic signaling; Silk fibroin