title: Cutoff points of waist circumference and trunk and visceral fat for identifying children with elevated inflammation markers and adipokines: The Healthy Growth Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Excessive fat storage is accompanied by several comorbidities in children and early identification of elevated abdominal fat may be extremely valuable in early prevention of cardiometabolic risk. The aim of the present study was to establish cutoff points for waist circumference trunk and visceral fat, thus identifying increased likelihood of elevated inflammatory markers and adipokines in children.
  
  
  METHODS
  A representative sample of schoolchildren (aged 9-13 y) participated in a cross-sectional epidemiologic study conducted in Greece. Anthropometric and physical examination data, biochemical indices, and socioeconomic information (collected from parents) were assessed for all children. Central adiposity markers (trunk and visceral fat) were collected with bioelectrical impedance analysis for 999 children.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Specific cutoff values of abdominal adiposity indices indicating increased likelihood of elevated levels of C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, and leptin and decreased levels of adiponectin were calculated by sex. These cutoff values were; 67.5 cm for boys and 69.5 cm for girls for waist circumference, 17.75% for boys and 22.65% for girls for trunk fat mass percentage, and 3.95 for boys and 2.55 for girls for visceral fat rating.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  To our knowledge, this is the first study to establish simple cutoff points for abdominal adiposity indices identifying children at high risk for elevated inflammatory markers and decreased adipokine levels. Future studies are essential to confirm these findings.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Kalliopi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Karatzi
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University of Athens, Athens, Greece; EnviNHealth S.A., Vasilissis Sofias 22, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Moschonis
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Maria Christina
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Polychronopoulou
authors.affiliation: First Department of Pediatrics, Athens University Medical School, Aghia Sophia Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: George P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Chrousos
authors.affiliation: Clinic of Social and Family Medicine, School of Medicine, Heraklion, University of Crete, Crete, Greece.
authors.forename: Christos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lionis
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University of Athens, Athens, Greece. Electronic address: manios@hua.gr.
authors.forename: Yannis
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Manios
mesh_terms: D054392:Adipokines / Q000097:blood*; D050154:Adiposity; D000293:Adolescent; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002648:Child; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000097:blood*; D050152:Intra-Abdominal Fat / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D008297:Male; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood / Q000473:pathology; D012016:Reference Values; D055105:Waist Circumference
chemical_list: D054392:Adipokines; D015415:Biomarkers; D018836:Inflammation Mediators
keywords: Adipokines; Cutoff points; Inflammation; Trunk fat; Visceral fat; Waist circumference