title: Cardenolides from the Apocynaceae family and their anticancer activity.
abstract: Cardenolides, as a group of natural products that can bind to Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase with an inhibiting activity, are traditionally used to treat congestive heart failure. Recent studies have demonstrated that the strong tumor cytotoxicities of cardenolides are mainly due to inducing the tumor cells apoptosis through different expression and cellular location of Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase α-subunits. The leaves, flesh, seeds and juices of numerous plants from the genera of Nerium, Thevetia, Cerbera, Apocynum and Strophanthus in Apocynaceae family, are the major sources of natural cardenolides. So far, 109 cardenolides have been isolated and identified from this family, and about a quarter of them are reported to exhibit the capability to regulate cancer cell survival and death through multiple signaling pathways. In this review, we compile the phytochemical characteristics and anticancer activity of the cardenolides from this family.
authors.affiliation: Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China; Research and Development Center of TCM, Tianjin, International Joint Academy of Biotechnology and Medicine, Tianjin 300457, China.
authors.forename: Shiyuan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wen
authors.affiliation: Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China; Research and Development Center of TCM, Tianjin, International Joint Academy of Biotechnology and Medicine, Tianjin 300457, China.
authors.forename: Yanyan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China; Research and Development Center of TCM, Tianjin, International Joint Academy of Biotechnology and Medicine, Tianjin 300457, China.
authors.forename: Yunfang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China.
authors.forename: Yuefei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China.
authors.forename: Liqin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.affiliation: Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China. Electronic address: miaomiaojiang@126.com.
authors.forename: Miaomiao
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jiang
mesh_terms: D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000494:pharmacology*; D029062:Apocynaceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D002298:Cardenolides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D006801:Humans; D015394:Molecular Structure; D064209:Phytochemicals / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D002298:Cardenolides; D064209:Phytochemicals
keywords: Anticancer; Apocynaceae; Boivinide A (PubChem CID: 24179955); Boivinide B (PubChem CID: 24180056); Boivinide D (PubChem CID: 24180057); Boivinide F (PubChem CID: 24180173); Cardenolides; Neritaloside (PubChem CID: 44566654); Odoroside A (PubChem CID: 44425145); Odoroside B (PubChem CID: 91809650); Odoroside G (PubChem CID: 21636339); Odoroside H (PubChem CID: 205840); Odoroside K (PubChem CID: 101632315); Structures