title: The Effect of CardioWaves Interval Training on Resting Blood Pressure, Resting Heart Rate, and Mind-Body Wellness.
abstract: An experimental study to examine the effects of CardioWaves interval training (CWIT) and continuous training (CT) on resting blood pressure, resting heart rate, and mind-body wellness. Fifty-two normotensive (blood pressure <120/80 mmHg), pre-hypertensive (120-139/80-89 mmHg), and hypertensive (>140/90 mmHg) participants were randomly assigned and equally divided between the CWIT and CT groups. Both groups participated in the assigned exercise protocol 30 minutes per day, four days per week for eight weeks. Resting blood pressure, resting heart rate, and mind-body wellness were measured pre- and post-intervention. A total of 47 participants (15 females and 32 males) were included in the analysis. The CWIT group had a non-significant trend of reduced systolic blood pressure (SBP) and increased diastolic blood pressure (DBP) while the CT group had a statistically significant decrease in awake SBP (p = 0.01) and total SBP (p = 0.01) and a non-significant decrease in DBP. With both groups combined, the female participants had a statistically significant decrease in awake SBP (p = 0.002), asleep SBP (p = 0.01), total SBP (p = 0.003), awake DBP (p = 0.02), and total DBP (p = 0.05). The male participants had an increase in SBP and DBP with total DBP showing a statistically significant increase (p = 0.05). Neither group had a consistent change in resting heart rate. Both groups showed improved mind-body wellness. CWIT and CT reduced resting blood pressure, with CT having a greater effect. Resting heart rate did not change in either group. Additionally, both CWIT and CT improved mind-body wellness.
authors.affiliation: Brigham Young University, Department of Exercise Sciences.
authors.forename: Camilla M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Nielson
authors.affiliation: Brigham Young University, Department of Exercise Sciences.
authors.forename: Barbara D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Lockhart
authors.affiliation: Brigham Young University, Department of Exercise Sciences.
authors.forename: Ronald L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Hager
authors.affiliation: Brigham Young University, Department of Exercise Sciences.
authors.forename: James D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: George
authors.affiliation: Brigham Young University, Department of Exercise Sciences.
authors.forename: Dennis L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Eggett
authors.affiliation: Brigham Young University, Department of Exercise Sciences.
authors.forename: Patrick R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Steffen
authors.affiliation: Brigham Young University, Department of Exercise Sciences.
authors.forename: Ulrike H
authors.initials: UH
authors.lastname: Mitchell
authors.affiliation: Brigham Young University, Department of Exercise Sciences.
authors.forename: Bruce W
authors.initials: BW
authors.lastname: Bailey
keywords: Physical activity; hypertension; intermittent exercise; steady-state exercise