title: De Novo Transcriptome Analysis and Detection of Antimicrobial Peptides of the American Cockroach Periplaneta americana (Linnaeus).
abstract: Cockroaches are surrogate hosts for microbes that cause many human diseases. In spite of their generally destructive nature, cockroaches have recently been found to harbor potentially beneficial and medically useful substances such as drugs and allergens. However, genomic information for the American cockroach (Periplaneta americana) is currently unavailable; therefore, transcriptome and gene expression profiling is needed as an important resource to better understand the fundamental biological mechanisms of this species, which would be particularly useful for the selection of novel antimicrobial peptides. Thus, we performed de novo transcriptome analysis of P. americana that were or were not immunized with Escherichia coli. Using an Illumina HiSeq sequencer, we generated a total of 9.5 Gb of sequences, which were assembled into 85,984 contigs and functionally annotated using Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST), Gene Ontology (GO), and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) database terms. Finally, using an in silico antimicrobial peptide prediction method, 86 antimicrobial peptide candidates were predicted from the transcriptome, and 21 of these peptides were experimentally validated for their antimicrobial activity against yeast and gram positive and -negative bacteria by a radial diffusion assay. Notably, 11 peptides showed strong antimicrobial activities against these organisms and displayed little or no cytotoxic effects in the hemolysis and cell viability assay. This work provides prerequisite baseline data for the identification and development of novel antimicrobial peptides, which is expected to provide a better understanding of the phenomenon of innate immunity in similar species.
authors.affiliation: Department of Agricultural Biology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, Republic of Korea.|College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: In-Woo
authors.initials: IW
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Agricultural Biology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Joon Ha
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Insilicogen, Inc., Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Sathiyamoorthy
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Subramaniyam
authors.affiliation: Department of Agricultural Biology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Eun-Young
authors.initials: EY
authors.lastname: Yun
authors.affiliation: College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Iksoo
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Insilicogen, Inc., Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Junhyung
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Agricultural Biology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jae Sam
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Hwang
mesh_terms: D000485:Allergens / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology / Q000494:pharmacology; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D023181:Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology / Q000494:pharmacology; D002176:Candida albicans / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development / Q000472:pathogenicity; D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D030541:Databases, Genetic; D052978:Disk Diffusion Antimicrobial Tests; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000187:drug effects; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development / Q000472:pathogenicity; D015870:Gene Expression; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D063990:Gene Ontology; D006461:Hemolysis / Q000187:drug effects; D059014:High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing; D061307:Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D019476:Insect Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology / Q000494:pharmacology; D015603:Keratinocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D058977:Molecular Sequence Annotation; D010526:Periplaneta / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology; D051381:Rats; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development / Q000472:pathogenicity; D059467:Transcriptome
chemical_list: D000485:Allergens; D023181:Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides; D019476:Insect Proteins