title: Lost in translation: Focused documentation improvement benefits trauma surgeons.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There is a translational gap between physicians who document in the medical record and coders, who ultimately determine which codes are submitted. This gap exists because physicians are never formally educated about documentation strategies despite the fact that the quality of physician documentation directly affects revenue, outcomes and public profiling. We evaluated the effect of a formal model of focused documentation improvement (FDI) on the trauma/critical care division. We hypothesized that FDI would improve physician documentation, resulting in revenue recovery and a shift in the case mix index (CMI) to more accurately reflect the clinical complexity of trauma patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  FDI is defined as targeted physician education followed by concurrent inpatient chart review for documentation improvement opportunities by a clinical documentation specialist (CDS). All trauma surgeons (n=9) at our Level 1 trauma center first completed three hours of mandatory training on documentation improvement. A CDS was subsequently assigned to the trauma service. They reviewed the charts of Medicare patients (n=776) from January-December 2014 to identify opportunities for documentation improvement, participated in ICU rounds and provided ongoing education. Requests to clarify documentation (queries) were posted in the electronic medical record (EMR) and physicians were required to respond within 48h. Data was collected on physician response rate, CMI and revenue recovery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  411 of 776 (57%) charts were reviewed. Opportunities for FDI were identified in 177 (43%) cases. The physician response rate to queries was 100%. The CMI for reviewed cases increased (1.80 (SD 0.15) vs. 2.11 (SD 0.19); p<0.001) after FDI. Overall revenue recovery was $1,132,581 with an average of $154,092 in revenue recovery/clinical full time equivalent. The total cost for administration of FDI was $353,265 resulting in a 220% return on investment (ROI).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  FDI is an effective strategy to engage physicians in documentation improvement. It provides an infrastructure to assist physicians and yields a significant ROI.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Documentation Improvement Program, Department of Surgery, Cooper University Hospital, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, NJ, United States. Electronic address: fox-nicole@cooperhealth.edu.
authors.forename: Nicole
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Fox
authors.affiliation: Cooper University Hospital, Camden, NJ, United States. Electronic address: swierczynski-patricia@cooperhealth.edu.
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Swierczynski
authors.affiliation: Cooper University Hospital, Camden, NJ, United States. Electronic address: willcutt-rebecca@cooperhealth.edu.
authors.forename: Rebecca
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Willcutt
authors.affiliation: Cooper University Hospital, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, NJ, United States. Electronic address: elberfeld-adrienne@cooperhealth.edu.
authors.forename: Adrienne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Elberfeld
authors.affiliation: Cooper University Hospital, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, NJ, United States. Electronic address: mazzarelli-anthony@cooperhealth.edu.
authors.forename: Anthony J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Mazzarelli
mesh_terms: D059019:Clinical Coding; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D003953:Diagnosis-Related Groups; D004282:Documentation / Q000592:standards*; D057286:Electronic Health Records; D006801:Humans; D007349:Insurance, Health, Reimbursement / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D058996:Quality Improvement; D066231:Surgeons / Q000193:education; D014193:Trauma Centers / Q000458:organization & administration; D014481:United States
keywords: Case-mix index; Clinical documentation specialist; Documentation improvement