title: The 2015 Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee Scientific Report: Development and Major Conclusions.
abstract: The Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA) is published every 5 y jointly by the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) and the USDA and provides a framework for US-based food and nutrition programs, health promotion and disease prevention initiatives, and research priorities. Summarized in this report are the methods, major conclusions, and recommendations of the Scientific Report of the 2015 US Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee (DGAC). Early in the process, the DGAC developed a conceptual model and formulated questions to examine nutritional risk and determinants and impact of dietary patterns in relation to numerous health outcomes among individuals aged ≥2 y. As detailed in the report, an expansive, transparent, and comprehensive process was used to address each question, with multiple opportunities for public input included. Consensus was reached on all DGAC's findings, including each conclusion and recommendation, and the entire report. When research questions were answered by original systematic literature reviews and/or with existing, high-quality expert reports, the quality and strength of the evidence was formally graded. The report was organized around the following 5 themes: 1) food and nutrient intakes and health: current status and trends; 2) dietary patterns, foods and nutrients, and health outcomes; 3) diet and physical activity behavior change; 4) food and physical activity environments; and 5) food sustainability and food safety. The following 3 cross-cutting topics were addressed: 1) sodium, 2) saturated fat, and 3) added sugars. Physical activity recommendations from recent expert reports were endorsed. The overall quality of the American diet was assessed to identify overconsumed and underconsumed nutrients of public health concern. Common food characteristics of healthy dietary patterns were determined. Features of effective interventions to change individual and population diet and physical activity behaviors in clinical, public health, and community settings were identified. The report was used by the HHS and the USDA to develop the 2015 DGA.
authors.affiliation: Millennium Prevention, Inc., Westwood, MA;
authors.forename: Barbara E
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Millen
authors.affiliation: Dell Medical School at the University of Texas, Houston, TX;
authors.forename: Steve
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Abrams
authors.affiliation: Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC;
authors.forename: Lucile
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Adams-Campbell
authors.affiliation: University of California San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, CA;
authors.forename: Cheryl Am
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.affiliation: Cornell University, Ithaca, NY;
authors.forename: J Thomas
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Brenna
authors.affiliation: Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN;
authors.forename: Wayne W
authors.initials: WW
authors.lastname: Campbell
authors.affiliation: The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH;
authors.forename: Steven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Clinton
authors.affiliation: Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA;
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Tufts University, Medford, MA;
authors.forename: Miriam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nelson
authors.affiliation: Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA;
authors.forename: Marian L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Neuhouser
authors.affiliation: Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT.
authors.forename: Rafael
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Perez-Escamilla
authors.affiliation: Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, NC;
authors.forename: Anna Maria
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Siega-Riz
authors.affiliation: Duke University, Durham, NC; and.
authors.forename: Mary
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Story
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Nutrition Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA alice.lichtenstein@tufts.edu.
authors.forename: Alice H
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-1053-9478
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Lichtenstein
mesh_terms: D026683:Advisory Committees; D004032:Diet / Q000592:standards*; D015444:Exercise; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D006801:Humans; D018673:Nutrition Policy; D058028:Research Report; D012586:Science; D014481:United States; D016885:United States Department of Agriculture; D014483:United States Dept. of Health and Human Services; D037041:United States Government Agencies
keywords: Dietary Guidelines; conceptual model; dietary patterns; nutrition; physical activity