title: Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (Nampt) in carcinogenesis: new clinical opportunities.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (Nampt) is the rate-limiting enzyme that catalyzes the first step in the mammalian nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) salvage pathway. Aberrant NAD metabolism was associated with oncogenic signal transduction, suggesting the critical roles of Nampt in tumorigenesis and metastasis. Additionally, Nampt can be secreted out of the cell, and this extracellular form of Nampt (eNampt) was shown to induce inflammation and angiogenesis due to its cytokine activity, which may also be involved in carcinogenesis.
  
  
  METHODS
  This article reviews recent advances in the studies of Nampt in carcinogenesis, with a special highlight on Nampt inhibitors and future clinical application, including cancer diagnosis, prognosis and therapy. Expert commentary: Nampt not only maintains the balance of cellular metabolism, but also has a profound influence on multiple aspects of carcinogenesis. Therefore, elucidation of these mechanisms opens the door for future clinical applications targeting this protein. Additional studies are needed to address important questions including the relationship between extracellular Nampt and carcinogenesis.
authors.affiliation: a Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases and Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education & Department of Neurology , The Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical College , Haikou , China.
authors.forename: Hang
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: a Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases and Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education & Department of Neurology , The Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical College , Haikou , China.
authors.forename: Shiyu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: a Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases and Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education & Department of Neurology , The Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical College , Haikou , China.
authors.forename: Haiyuan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: b Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , Monash University , Clayton , Australia.
authors.forename: Edouard C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Nice
authors.affiliation: c State Key Laboratory for Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital , Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy , Chengdu , China.
authors.forename: Canhua
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Huang
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D063646:Carcinogenesis / Q000378:metabolism; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology; D009243:NAD / Q000378:metabolism*; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology*; D054409:Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyltransferase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D016207:Cytokines; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D009243:NAD; D054409:Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyltransferase
keywords: NAD metabolism; Nampt; carcinogenesis biomarker; cytokine; inhibitor therapy