title: Hybrid Cells Derived from Human Breast Cancer Cells and Human Breast Epithelial Cells Exhibit Differential TLR4 and TLR9 Signaling.
abstract: TLRs are important receptors of cells of the innate immune system since they recognize various structurally conserved molecular patterns of different pathogens as well as endogenous ligands. In cancer, the role of TLRs is still controversial due to findings that both regression and progression of tumors could depend on TLR signaling. In the present study, M13SV1-EGFP-Neo human breast epithelial cells, MDA-MB-435-Hyg human breast cancer cells and two hybrids M13MDA435-1 and -3 were investigated for TLR4 and TLR9 expression and signaling. RT-PCR data revealed that LPS and CpG-ODN induced the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, like IFN-β, TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 in hybrid cells, but not parental cells. Interestingly, validation of RT-PCR data by Western blot showed detectable protein levels solely after LPS stimulation, suggesting that regulatory mechanisms are also controlled by TLR signaling. Analysis of pAKT and pERK1/2 levels upon LPS and CpG-ODN stimulation revealed a differential phosphorylation pattern in all cells. Finally, the migratory behavior of the cells was investigated showing that both LPS and CpG-ODN potently blocked the locomotory activity of the hybrid cells in a dose-dependent manner. In summary, hybrid cells exhibit differential TLR4 and TLR9 signaling.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Immunology &amp; Experimental Oncology, Center for Biomedical Education and Research (ZBAF), University of Witten/Herdecke, Stockumer Str. 10, 58448 Witten, Germany. songuel.tosun@uni-wh.de.
authors.forename: Songül
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tosun
authors.affiliation: Institute of Immunology &amp; Experimental Oncology, Center for Biomedical Education and Research (ZBAF), University of Witten/Herdecke, Stockumer Str. 10, 58448 Witten, Germany. sabrina_fried@gmx.de.|Faculty of Medicine, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany. sabrina_fried@gmx.de.
authors.forename: Sabrina
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fried
authors.affiliation: Institute of Immunology &amp; Experimental Oncology, Center for Biomedical Education and Research (ZBAF), University of Witten/Herdecke, Stockumer Str. 10, 58448 Witten, Germany. bernd.niggemann@uni-wh.de.
authors.forename: Bernd
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Niggemann
authors.affiliation: Institute of Immunology &amp; Experimental Oncology, Center for Biomedical Education and Research (ZBAF), University of Witten/Herdecke, Stockumer Str. 10, 58448 Witten, Germany. kurt.zaenker@uni-wh.de.
authors.forename: Kurt S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Zänker
authors.affiliation: Institute of Immunology &amp; Experimental Oncology, Center for Biomedical Education and Research (ZBAF), University of Witten/Herdecke, Stockumer Str. 10, 58448 Witten, Germany. thomas.dittmar@uni-wh.de.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Dittmar
mesh_terms: D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D006822:Hybrid Cells / Q000378:metabolism*; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D015398:Signal Transduction; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D051217:Toll-Like Receptor 9 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: C495345:TLR4 protein, human; C495371:TLR9 protein, human; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4; D051217:Toll-Like Receptor 9; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3
keywords: TLR4; TLR9; breast cancer; cell fusion; signal transduction