title: Fast 3D ultrashort echo-time spiral projection imaging using golden-angle: A flexible protocol for in vivo mouse imaging at high magnetic field.
abstract: To develop a fast three-dimensional (3D) k-space encoding method based on spiral projection imaging (SPI) with an interleaved golden-angle approach and to validate this novel sequence on small animal models.
  
  
  
  A disk-like trajectory, in which each disk contained spirals, was developed. The 3D encoding was performed by tilting the disks with a golden angle. The sharpness was first calculated at different T2* values. Then, the sharpness was measured on phantom using variable undersampling ratios. Finally, the sampling method was validated by whole brain time-of-flight angiography and ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide (USPIO) enhanced free-breathing liver angiography on mouse.
  
  
  
  The in vitro results demonstrated the robustness of the method for short T2* and high undersampling ratios. In vivo experiments showed the ability to properly detect small vessels in the brain with an acquisition time shorter than 1 min. Free-breathing mice liver angiography showed the insensitivity of this protocol toward motions and flow artifacts, and enabled the visualization of liver motion during breathing.
  
  
  
  The method implemented here allowed fast 3D k-space sampling with a high undersampling ratio. Combining the advantages of center-out spirals with the flexibility of the golden angle approach could have major implications for real-time imaging. Magn Reson Med 77:1831-1840, 2017. © 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
authors.affiliation: Centre de Résonance Magnétique des Systèmes Biologiques, UMR5536 CNRS, Bordeaux, France.|Centre de Résonance Magnétique des Systèmes Biologiques, UMR5536 Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.
authors.forename: Charles R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Castets
authors.affiliation: Centre de Résonance Magnétique des Systèmes Biologiques, UMR5536 CNRS, Bordeaux, France.|Centre de Résonance Magnétique des Systèmes Biologiques, UMR5536 Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Lefrançois
authors.affiliation: Bruker Biospin MRI GMBH, Ettlingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Didier
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wecker
authors.affiliation: Centre de Résonance Magnétique des Systèmes Biologiques, UMR5536 CNRS, Bordeaux, France.|Centre de Résonance Magnétique des Systèmes Biologiques, UMR5536 Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.
authors.forename: Emeline J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Ribot
authors.affiliation: Centre de Résonance Magnétique des Systèmes Biologiques, UMR5536 CNRS, Bordeaux, France.|Centre de Résonance Magnétique des Systèmes Biologiques, UMR5536 Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.
authors.forename: Aurélien J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Trotier
authors.affiliation: Centre de Résonance Magnétique des Systèmes Biologiques, UMR5536 CNRS, Bordeaux, France.|Centre de Résonance Magnétique des Systèmes Biologiques, UMR5536 Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Thiaudière
authors.affiliation: Centre de Résonance Magnétique des Systèmes Biologiques, UMR5536 CNRS, Bordeaux, France.|Centre de Résonance Magnétique des Systèmes Biologiques, UMR5536 Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.
authors.forename: Jean-Michel
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Franconi
authors.affiliation: Centre de Résonance Magnétique des Systèmes Biologiques, UMR5536 CNRS, Bordeaux, France.|Centre de Résonance Magnétique des Systèmes Biologiques, UMR5536 Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.
authors.forename: Sylvain
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Miraux
mesh_terms: D000792:Angiography; D000818:Animals; D016477:Artifacts; D001921:Brain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D005290:Ferric Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods*; D008099:Liver / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008280:Magnetics; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009038:Motion; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging
chemical_list: D005290:Ferric Compounds; C000499:ferric oxide
keywords: 3D; 7T; UTE; golden angle; mouse; self-gating; spiral