title: Phytochemical Analysis and Antifungal Activity of Extracts from Leaves and Fruit Residues of Brazilian Savanna Plants Aiming Its Use as Safe Fungicides.
abstract: The increasing demand for safe food without preservatives or pesticides residues has encouraged several studies on natural products with antifungal activity and low toxicity. In this study, ethanolic extracts from leaves and fruit residues (peel and seeds) of three Brazilian savanna species (Acrocomia aculeata, Campomanesia adamantium and Caryocar brasiliense) were evaluated against phytopathogenic fungi. Additionally, the most active extract was chemically characterized by ESI-MS and its oral acute toxicity was evaluated. Extracts from C. brasiliense (pequi) peel and leaves were active against Alternaria alternata, Alternaria solani and Venturia pirina with minimal inhibitory concentrations between 350 and 1000 µg/mL. When incorporated in solid media, these extracts extended the lag phase of A. alternata and A. solani and reduced the growth rate of A. solani. Pequi peel extract showed better antifungal activity and their ESI-MS analysis revealed the presence of substances widely reported as antifungal such as gallic acid, quinic acid, ellagic acid, glucogalin and corilagin. The oral acute toxicity was relatively low, being considered safe for use as a potential natural fungicide.
authors.affiliation: School of Food Engineering, State University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Monteiro Lobato Street, 80, Barão Geraldo, Campinas, São Paulo, 13083-862, Brazil. carol_breda@yahoo.com.br.|Microbiology Division of Research Center for Chemistry, Biology and Agriculture - CPQBA, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Alexandre Cazelatto Street, 999, Betel, Paulínia, São Paulo, 13148-218, Brazil. carol_breda@yahoo.com.br.
authors.forename: Caroline Alves
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Breda
authors.affiliation: School of Food Engineering, State University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Monteiro Lobato Street, 80, Barão Geraldo, Campinas, São Paulo, 13083-862, Brazil.|Microbiology Division of Research Center for Chemistry, Biology and Agriculture - CPQBA, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Alexandre Cazelatto Street, 999, Betel, Paulínia, São Paulo, 13148-218, Brazil.
authors.forename: Alessandra Marcon
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Gasperini
authors.affiliation: Organic Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Division of Research Center for Chemistry, Biology and Agriculture - CPQBA, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Alexandre Cazelatto Street, 999, Betel, Paulínia, São Paulo, 13148-218, Brazil.
authors.forename: Vera Lucia
authors.initials: VL
authors.lastname: Garcia
authors.affiliation: Pharmacology and Toxicology Division of Research Center for Chemistry, Biology and Agriculture - CPQBA, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Alexandre Cazelatto Street, 999, Betel, Paulínia, São Paulo, 13148-218, Brazil.
authors.forename: Karin Maia
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Monteiro
authors.affiliation: ThoMSon Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, State University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, 13084-971, Brazil.
authors.forename: Giovana Anceski
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Bataglion
authors.affiliation: ThoMSon Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, State University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, 13084-971, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marcos Nogueira
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Eberlin
authors.affiliation: Microbiology Division of Research Center for Chemistry, Biology and Agriculture - CPQBA, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Alexandre Cazelatto Street, 999, Betel, Paulínia, São Paulo, 13148-218, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marta Cristina Teixeira
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Duarte
keywords: Brazilian savanna fruits; Natural fungicides; Phytopathogens; Residues