title: A Needs Assessment of the Number of Comprehensive Addiction Care Physicians Required in a Canadian Setting.
abstract: Medical professionals adequately trained to prevent and treat substance use disorders are in short supply in most areas of the world. Whereas physician training in addiction medicine can improve patient and public health outcomes, the coverage estimates have not been established. We estimated the extent of the need for medical professionals skilled in addiction medicine in a Canadian setting.
  
  
  
  We used Monte-Carlo simulations to generate medians and 95% credibility intervals for the burden of alcohol and drug use harms, including morbidity and mortality, in British Columbia, by geographic health region. We obtained prevalence estimates for the models from the Medical Services Plan billing, the Discharge Abstract Database data, and the government surveillance data. We calculated a provider availability index (PAI), a ratio of the size of the labor force per 1000 affected individuals, for each geographic health region, using the number of American Board of Addiction Medicine certified physicians in each area.
  
  
  
  Depending on the data source used for population estimates, the availability of specialized addiction care providers varied across geographic health regions. For drug-related harms, we found the highest PAI of 23.72 certified physicians per 1000 affected individuals, when using the Medical Services Plan and Discharge Abstract Database data. Drawing on the surveillance data, the drug-related PAI dropped to 0.46. The alcohol-related PAI ranged between 0.10 and 86.96 providers, depending on data source used for population estimates.
  
  
  
  Our conservative estimates highlight the need to invest in healthcare provider training and to develop innovative approaches for more rural health regions.
authors.affiliation: BC Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS (JM, KA, SN, AM, EW, JK), St. Paul's Hospital; School of Population and Public Health (EW), University of British Columbia; Department of Medicine (JK), University of British Columbia, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada; School of Medicine and Medical Science (JK), University College Dublin, Coombe Healthcare Centre, Dolphins barn, Dublin, Ireland; Department of Family Practice (KA, SN, AM), University of British Columbia, St. Paul's Hospital, Department of Family and Community Medicine; and Raven Song Community Health Centre (JM), Vancouver, BC, Canada.
authors.forename: Jasmine
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: McEachern
authors.forename: Keith
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ahamad
authors.forename: Seonaid
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nolan
authors.forename: Annabel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mead
authors.forename: Evan
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Wood
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Klimas
mesh_terms: D001955:British Columbia / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D020380:Needs Assessment / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D010820:Physicians / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011570:Psychiatry / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000401:mortality; D000078329:Workforce