title: Ultrasensitive fluorescent ratio imaging probe for the detection of glutathione ultratrace change in mitochondria of cancer cells.
abstract: Glutathione (GSH) ultratrace change in mitochondria of cancer cells can mildly and effectively induce cancer cells apoptosis in early stage. Thus, if GSH ultratrace change in mitochondria of cancer cells could be recognized and imaged, it will be beneficial for fundamental research of cancer therapy. There have reported a lot of fluorescent probes for GSH, but the fluorescent probe with ultrasensitivity and high selectivity for the ratio imaging of GSH ultratrace changes in mitochondria of cancer cells is scarce. Herein, based on different reaction mechanism of sulfonamide under different pH, a sulfonamide-based reactive ratiometric fluorescent probe (IQDC-M) was reported for the recognizing and imaging of GSH ultratrace change in mitochondria of cancer cells. The detection limit of IQDC-M for GSH ultratrace change is low to 2.02nM, which is far less than 1.0‰ of endogenic GSH in living cells. And during the recognition process, IQDC-M can emit different fluorescent signals at 520nm and 592nm, which results in it recognizing GSH ultratrace change on ratio mode. More importantly, IQDC-M recognizing GSH ultratrace change specifically occurs in mitochondria of cancer cells because of appropriate water/oil amphipathy (log P) of IQDC-M. So, these make IQDC-M possible to image and monitor GSH ultratrace change in mitochondria during cancer cells apoptosis for the first time.
authors.affiliation: Henan Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education; Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions; Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China; State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China. Electronic address: zhanghua1106@163.com.
authors.forename: Hua
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Henan Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education; Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions; Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China.
authors.forename: Caixia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Henan Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education; Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions; Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China.
authors.forename: Kui
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Henan Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education; Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions; Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China.
authors.forename: Xiaopeng
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Xuan
authors.affiliation: Henan Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education; Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions; Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China.
authors.forename: Qingzhang
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Lv
authors.affiliation: Henan Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education; Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions; Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China. Electronic address: jiangkai6898@163.com.
authors.forename: Kai
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Jiang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015374:Biosensing Techniques / Q000379:methods; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes / Q000737:chemistry*; D005978:Glutathione / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal / Q000379:methods; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000378:metabolism*; D041681:NIH 3T3 Cells; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism*; D061848:Optical Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D013050:Spectrometry, Fluorescence / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D005978:Glutathione
keywords: Cancer Cells; Glutathione ultratrace change; Mitochondria; Ratio imaging; Ultrasensitive fluorescent probe