title: Mitochondrial DNA variants as genetic risk factors for Parkinson disease.
abstract: Investigation of the relationship between mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) variants and Parkinson disease (PD) remains an issue awaiting more supportive evidence. Moreover, an affirming cellular model study is also lacking.
  
  
  
  The index mtDNA variants and their defining mitochondrial haplogroup were determined in 725 PD patients and 744 non-PD controls. Full-length mtDNA sequences were also conducted in 110 cases harboring various haplogroups. Cybrid cellular models, composed by fusion of mitochondria-depleted rho-zero cells and donor mitochondria, were used for a rotenone-induced PD simulation study.
  
  
  
  Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that subjects harboring the mitochondrial haplogroup B5 have resistance against PD (odds ratio 0.50, 95% confidence interval 0.32-0.78; P = 0.002). Furthermore, a composite mtDNA variant group consisting of A10398G and G8584A at the coding region was found to have resistance against PD (odds ratio 0.50, 95% confidence interval 0.33-0.78; P = 0.001). In cellular studies, B4 and B5 cybrids were selected according to their higher resistance to rotenone, in comparison with cybrids harboring other haplogroups. The B5 cybrid, containing G8584A/A10398G variants, showed more resistance to rotenone than the B4 cybrid not harboring these variants. This is supported by findings of low reactive oxygen species generation and a low apoptosis rate in the B5 cybrid, whereas a higher expression of autophagy was observed in the B4 cybrid particularly under medium dosage and longer treatment time with rotenone.
  
  
  
  Our studies, offering positive results from clinical investigations and cybrid experiments, provide data supporting the role of variant mtDNA in the risk of PD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. cwliou@ms22.hinet.net.|Mitochondrial Research Unit, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. cwliou@ms22.hinet.net.
authors.forename: C W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Liou
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Chuang
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Tiao
authors.affiliation: Division of Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: P W
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Chinese Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: S T
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: T L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: W C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Division of Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: S W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Weng
authors.affiliation: Mitochondrial Research Unit, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: P H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: S D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Section of Movement Disorder, Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Section of Movement Disorder, Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: C S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.|Mitochondrial Research Unit, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: T K
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Lin
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D014644:Genetic Variation; D006239:Haplotypes; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000235:genetics*; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial
keywords: Parkinson disease; cybrid; mitochondrial DNA; mitochondrial haplogroup; rotenone