title: Time Course and Characteristics of Astrocyte Activation in the Rat Brain after Injury.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  After injury to the central nervous system (CNS), glial scar tissue is formed in the process of wound healing. This can be is a clinical problem because it interferes with axonal regeneration and functional recovery. It is known that intracellular proteins, including the glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), nestin, and vimentin increase in the astrocytes after an injury to the CNS. By studying the time course and co-expression pattern of these intracellular proteins, this study will attempt to prove that these proteins are involved in the processes of glial scar formation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-five male Sprague-Dawley rats were used in this study. Bregma of the cerebral cortex, an area was incised with a sharp blade, and perfusion was performed. The expressions of the intracellular proteins were assayed, while the co-localization of the intermediate filament (GFAP, nestin, and vimentin) and A2B5 were examined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At 12 hours, the GFAP was expressed in the white matter underlying the lesion, and in the cerebral cortex. Nestin was expressed in the astrocytes in the perilesional area after 3 days, while A2B5 was observed in the edge of the wound at 12 hours post-injury, with its expression reaching a peak at 7 days. Vimentin was detected in the white matter at 12 hours, and in the cortex, reaching a peak at 7 days.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In the processes of glial scar formation, nestin, vimentin, and A2B5 were revealed in the astrocytes, and these factors may be involved in the division, proliferation, and transportation of the astrocytes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Myongji Hospital, Goyang, Korea.
authors.forename: Hyun-Ho
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Myongji Hospital, Goyang, Korea.
authors.forename: Sung-Choon
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Myongji Hospital, Goyang, Korea.
authors.forename: Il-Seung
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Choe
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Myongji Hospital, Goyang, Korea.
authors.forename: Young
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Myongji Hospital, Goyang, Korea.
authors.forename: Young-Soo
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Ha
keywords: Astrocyte; Glial fibrillary acidic protein; Gliosis; Nestin; Vimentin