title: Effectiveness of caudal septal extension graft application in endonasal septoplasty.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Septal deviation is a common disease seen in daily otorhinolaryngology practice and septoplasty is a commonly performed surgical procedure. Caudal septum deviation is also a challenging pathology for ear, nose, and throat specialists. Many techniques are defined for caudal septal deviation.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effectiveness of caudal septal extension graft (CSEG) application in patients who underwent endonasal septoplasty for a short and deviated nasal septum.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty patients with nasal septal deviation, short nasal septum, and weak nasal tip support who underwent endonasal septoplasty with or without CSEG placement between August 2012 and June 2013 were enrolled in this study. Twenty patients underwent endonasal septoplasty with CSEG placement. The rest of the group, who rejected auricular or costal cartilage harvest for CSEG placement, underwent only endonasal septoplasty without any additional intervention. Using the Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation (NOSE) and Rhinoplasty Outcome Evaluation (ROE) questionnaires, pre- and post-operative acoustic rhinometer measurements were evaluated to assess the effect of CESG placement on nasal obstruction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the control group, preoperative and postoperative minimal cross-sectional areas (MCA1) were 0.44±0.10cm2and 0.60±0.11cm2, respectively (p<0.001). In the study group, pre- and postoperative MCA1 values were 0.45±0.16cm2and 0.67±0.16cm2, respectively (p<0.01). In the control group, the nasal cavity volume (VOL1) value was 1.71±0.21mL preoperatively and 1.94±0.17mL postoperatively (p<0.001). In the study group, pre- and postoperative VOL1s were 1.72±0.15mL and 1.97±0.12mL, respectively (p<0.001). Statistical analysis of postoperative MCA1 and VOL1 values in the study and the control groups could not detect any significant intergroup difference (p=0.093 and 0.432, respectively). In the study group, mean nasolabial angles were 78.15±4.26° and 90.70±2.38°, respectively (p<0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Endonasal septoplasty with CESG placement is an effective surgical procedure with minimal complication rate for subjects who have a deviated, short nasal septum and weak nasal tip support.
authors.affiliation: Ankara Training and Research Hospital ENT Clinic, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Yunus
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Karadavut
authors.affiliation: Ankara Training and Research Hospital ENT Clinic, Ankara, Turkey. Electronic address: ilkerakyildiz@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Ilker
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Akyıldız
authors.affiliation: Ankara Training and Research Hospital ENT Clinic, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Hatice
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Karadaş
authors.affiliation: Bulent Ecevit University, ENT Clinic, Zonguldak, Turkey.
authors.forename: Aykut Erdem
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Dinç
authors.affiliation: Ankara Training and Research Hospital ENT Clinic, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Gökçe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tulacı
authors.affiliation: Ankara Training and Research Hospital ENT Clinic, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Eren
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Tastan
mesh_terms: D016022:Case-Control Studies; D006801:Humans; D055171:Nasal Cartilages / Q000601:surgery*; D009300:Nasal Septum / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000293:injuries / Q000601:surgery*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012225:Rhinoplasty / Q000379:methods*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: Aplicação de enxerto; Cartilagem nasal; Cirurgia intranasal; Grafting; Intranasal surgery; Nasal cartilage; Nasal obstruction; Nasal septum; Obstrução nasal; Septo nasal