title: Paris Saponin II induced apoptosis via activation of autophagy in human lung cancer cells.
abstract: Paris Saponin II (PSII) has been shown anticancer activity against several cancer lines through the pro-apoptotic pathway. The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between apoptosis and autophagy taking part in the anti-cancer mechanisms of PSII. In this study, PSII induced autophagy and apoptosis in dose- and time-dependent manners. Meanwhile, it induced autophagy as early as 2 h after exposure to 1 μM of PSII accompanying with apoptosis. Blockade of autophagy with chloroquine (CQ) attenuated apoptosis, while regulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by N-acetyl cysteine (NAC), gallic acid (GA) and H2O2 could not influence autophagy. In addition, PSII induced apoptosis via activation of autophagy, which might be associated with the activation of JNK and inhibition of PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. All in all, our research increased the understanding of the role of PSII regulating autophagy and apoptosis, which would hopefully provide prospective strategies for cancer therapy.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industry Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China.
authors.forename: Lili
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industry Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China. Electronic address: msl@tust.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Shuli
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Man
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China.
authors.forename: Yongshuai
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China.
authors.forename: Zhen
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China.
authors.forename: Peng
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery and High Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China. Electronic address: biochemgao@163.com.
authors.forename: Wenyuan
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Gao
mesh_terms: D000072283:A549 Cells; D000111:Acetylcysteine / Q000494:pharmacology; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D001343:Autophagy / Q000187:drug effects*; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002460:Cell Line; D002738:Chloroquine / Q000633:toxicity; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000378:metabolism; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D027343:Rhizome / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D012503:Saponins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D012503:Saponins; D002738:Chloroquine; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D005978:Glutathione; D000111:Acetylcysteine
keywords: Apoptosis; Autophagy; Paris Saponin II; ROS