title: Acetylene-sourced CVD-synthesised catalytically active graphene for electrochemical biosensing.
abstract: In this study, we have demonstrated the use of chemical vapour deposition (CVD) grown-graphene to develop a highly-ordered graphene-enzyme electrode for electrochemical biosensing. The graphene sheets were deposited on 1.00mm thick copper sheet at 850°C using acetylene (C2H2) as carbon source in an argon (Ar) and nitrogen (N2) atmosphere. An anionic surfactant was used to increase wettability and hydrophilicity of graphene; thereby facilitating the assembly of biomolecules on the electrode surface. Meanwhile, the theoretical calculations confirmed the successful modification of hydrophobic nature of graphene through the anionic surface assembly, which allowed high-ordered immobilisation of glucose oxidase (GOx) on the graphene. The electrochemical sensing activities of the graphene-electrode was explored as a model for bioelectrocatalysis. The bioelectrode exhibited a linear response to glucose concentration ranging from 0.2 to 9.8mM, with sensitivity of 0.087µA/µM/cm2and a detection limit of 0.12µM (S/N=3). This work sets the stage for the use of acetylene-sourced CVD-grown graphene as a fundamental building block in the fabrication of electrochemical biosensors and other bioelectronic devices.
authors.affiliation: Biosensors and Bioelectronics Centre, IFM, Linköping University, 58183 Linköping, Sweden; Applied Chemistry and Nanoscience Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Vaal University of Technology, Private Bag X021, Vanderbijlpark, South Africa.
authors.forename: Adeniyi Olugbenga
authors.initials: AO
authors.lastname: Osikoya
authors.affiliation: Biosensors and Bioelectronics Centre, IFM, Linköping University, 58183 Linköping, Sweden.
authors.forename: Onur
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Parlak
authors.affiliation: Virtual Laboratory for Molecular Probes, Division of Theoretical Chemistry and Biology, School of Biotechnology, Royal Institute of Technology, S-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: N Arul
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Murugan
authors.affiliation: Applied Chemistry and Nanoscience Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Vaal University of Technology, Private Bag X021, Vanderbijlpark, South Africa.
authors.forename: Ezekiel Dixon
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: Dikio
authors.affiliation: Applied Chemistry and Nanoscience Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Vaal University of Technology, Private Bag X021, Vanderbijlpark, South Africa.
authors.forename: Harry
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Moloto
authors.affiliation: Biosensors and Bioelectronics Centre, IFM, Linköping University, 58183 Linköping, Sweden; Department of Chemistry, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Lokman
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Uzun
authors.affiliation: Biosensors and Bioelectronics Centre, IFM, Linköping University, 58183 Linköping, Sweden.
authors.forename: Anthony Pf
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Turner
authors.affiliation: Biosensors and Bioelectronics Centre, IFM, Linköping University, 58183 Linköping, Sweden; Tekidag AB, UCS, Mjärdevi Science Park, Teknikringen 4A, SE 583 30 Linköping, Sweden; Vinoba Bhave Research Institute, Sirsa Road, Saidabad, Allahabad 221508, India. Electronic address: ashutosh.tiwari@liu.se.
authors.forename: Ashutosh
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tiwari
mesh_terms: D000114:Acetylene / Q000737:chemistry; D001234:Aspergillus niger / Q000737:chemistry / Q000201:enzymology*; D015374:Biosensing Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D055664:Electrochemical Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D004566:Electrodes; D004800:Enzymes, Immobilized / Q000737:chemistry*; D004867:Equipment Design; D005947:Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D005949:Glucose Oxidase / Q000737:chemistry*; D006108:Graphite / Q000737:chemistry*; D057230:Limit of Detection; D008958:Models, Molecular; D013501:Surface-Active Agents / Q000737:chemistry; D014835:Volatilization; D017155:Wettability
chemical_list: D004800:Enzymes, Immobilized; D013501:Surface-Active Agents; D006108:Graphite; D005949:Glucose Oxidase; D005947:Glucose; D000114:Acetylene
keywords: 2d-materials; CVD-grown graphene; bioelectronics; surfactant modification; theoretical calculation