title: Initiation of resuscitation in the delivery room for extremely preterm infants: a profile of neonatal resuscitation instructors.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The goal of the present study was to examine the decisions of pediatricians who teach neonatal resuscitation in Brazil, particularly those who start resuscitation in the delivery room for newborns born at 23-26 gestational weeks.
  
  
  METHODS
  The present study was a cross-sectional study that used electronic questionnaires (Dec/11-Sep/13) sent to instructors of the Neonatal Resuscitation Program of the Brazilian Society of Pediatrics. The primary outcome was the gestational age at which the respondent said that he/she would initiate positive pressure ventilation in the delivery room. Latent class analysis was used to identify the major profiles of these instructors, and logistic regression was used to identify variables associated with belonging to one of the derived classes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 685 instructors, 82% agreed to participate. Two latent classes were identified: 'pro-resuscitation' (instructors with a high probability of performing ventilation on infants born at 23-26 weeks) and 'pro-limitation' (instructors with a high probability of starting ventilation only for infants born at 25-26 weeks). In the multivariate model, compared with the 'pro-limitation' class, 'pro-resuscitation' pediatricians were more likely to be board-certified neonatologists and less likely to base their decision on the probability of the infant's death or on moral/religious considerations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The pediatricians in the most aggressive group were more likely to be specialists in neonatology and to use less subjective criteria to make delivery room decisions.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Pediatria, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Cristiane Ribeiro
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Ambrósio
authors.affiliation: Bioestatística, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Adriana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sanudo
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Maria Fernanda Branco de
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Almeida
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ruth
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Guinsburg
mesh_terms: D001938:Brazil; D016887:Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation / Q000193:education* / Q000592:standards; D003657:Decision Making; D003696:Delivery Rooms; D004521:Educational Measurement; D005865:Gestational Age; D006336:Heart Massage / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D062071:Infant, Extremely Premature; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D009359:Neonatology; D010372:Pediatrics; D011175:Positive-Pressure Respiration / Q000592:standards*; D000078329:Workforce