title: Fetal gastroschisis: antepartum fetal heart rate analysis by computerized cardiotocography.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the antenatal fetal heart rate (FHR) parameters analyzed by computerizedcardiotocography (cCTG) in fetuses with gastroschisis and compare the FHR parameters with ultrasound gastrointestinal markers.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective analysis of antepartum cCTG records were conducted in 87 pregnant cases with fetal gastroschisis between 28and 36 weeks (plus 6 days). A comparative analysis of the median distribution of the following FHR parameters was performed: basal FHR, short-term variation (STV), FHR accelerations and decelerations, episodes of high and low variations, and variations in low and high episodes. FHR parameters and ultrasound gastrointestinal markers were also compared.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The majority of FHR parameters did not present significant changes throughout gestation. An increased number of records with episodes of low variation (p = 0.019) and an increased number of accelerations >15 bpm (p = 0.001) were the only observed changes throughout gestation. Stomach herniation was significantly associated with a lower STV (p = 0.018) and a higher frequency of records with low episodes (p = 0.049).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The cCTG analysis indicated that the FHR parameters in fetuses with gastroschisis presented different patterns from those observed in normal fetuses. Stomach herniation was associated with altered FHR patterns.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , São Paulo University Medical School , São Paulo , Brazil.
authors.forename: Walkyria S
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Andrade
authors.affiliation: a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , São Paulo University Medical School , São Paulo , Brazil.
authors.forename: Maria de L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Brizot
authors.affiliation: a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , São Paulo University Medical School , São Paulo , Brazil.
authors.forename: Seizo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Miyadahira
authors.affiliation: a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , São Paulo University Medical School , São Paulo , Brazil.
authors.forename: Gilmar de Souza
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Osmundo Junior
authors.affiliation: a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , São Paulo University Medical School , São Paulo , Brazil.
authors.forename: Rossana P V
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Francisco
authors.affiliation: a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , São Paulo University Medical School , São Paulo , Brazil.
authors.forename: Marcelo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zugaib
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D015148:Cardiotocography / Q000379:methods*; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D005260:Female; D020139:Gastroschisis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005865:Gestational Age; D006340:Heart Rate, Fetal; D006801:Humans; D011247:Pregnancy; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D016216:Ultrasonography, Prenatal; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Computerized cardiotocography; fetal malformation; gastroschisis; pregnancy