title: Deep Photoacoustic/Luminescence/Magnetic Resonance Multimodal Imaging in Living Subjects Using High-Efficiency Upconversion Nanocomposites.
abstract: A gadolinium-doped multi-shell upconversion nanoparticle under 800 nm excitation is synthesized with a 10-fold fluorescence-intensity enhancement over that under 980 nm. The nanoformulations exhibit excellent photoacoustic/luminescence/magnetic resonance tri-modal imaging capabilities, enabling visualization of tumor morphology and microvessel distribution at a new imaging depth.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnosis and Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomaterials and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Fire Retardant Materials, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Ning
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnosis and Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lv
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnosis and Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Zijian
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnosis and Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Qingliang
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Department of Electronic Science, College of Physics and Electromechanical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Lingceng
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: Department of Electronic Science, College of Physics and Electromechanical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Zhong
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomaterials and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Fire Retardant Materials, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ren
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnosis and Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Liming
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Nie
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D005453:Fluorescence; D005682:Gadolinium / Q000737:chemistry*; D061307:Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells; D006801:Humans; D008163:Luminescent Measurements; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D051379:Mice; D064847:Multimodal Imaging; D053758:Nanoparticles; D061088:Photoacoustic Techniques
chemical_list: D005682:Gadolinium
keywords: deep imaging; high-efficiency upconversion luminescence; magnetic resonance imaging; multi-shell structure; photoacoustic (PA) imaging