title: Cardiometabolic risk profile based on body mass index in American Indian children and adolescents.
abstract: Childhood obesity is associated with increased cardiometabolic risk.
  
  
  
  To study the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and cardiometabolic risk factors in American Indian children and adolescents.
  
  
  
  Differences in metabolic variables by age and sex-specific BMI percentiles (2000 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Growth Charts) were examined in a cross-sectional analysis of 2977 individuals across three age categories. Children with an exam in two consecutive age categories were included in a longitudinal analysis. Spearman's correlations were used to test the association of BMI percentile with anthropometric and biochemical variables.
  
  
  
  Body mass index percentile correlated with systolic (r = 0.24 to 0.38) and diastolic (r = 0.13 to 0.22) blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose (r = 0.20 to 0.33), 2-h plasma glucose (r = 0.30 to 0.46), total cholesterol (r = 0.12 to 0.23), serum triglycerides (r = 0.40 to 0.51) and HDL cholesterol (r = -0.36 to -0.43) in each age group (5-9, 10-13 and 14-17 years). Among participants examined in multiple age categories, BMI percentile increased over time. Change in BMI percentile from one age category to the next was associated with an increase in fasting glucose, 2-h glucose and triglycerides and a decrease in HDL cholesterol.
  
  
  
  Higher BMI was associated with blood pressure elevation, hyperglycaemia and dyslipidaemia in American Indian children and adolescents.
authors.affiliation: Diabetes Epidemiology and Clinical Research Section, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, AZ, USA.
authors.forename: K M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Wheelock
authors.affiliation: Diabetes Epidemiology and Clinical Research Section, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, AZ, USA.
authors.forename: G D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Fufaa
authors.affiliation: Diabetes Epidemiology and Clinical Research Section, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, AZ, USA.
authors.forename: R G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Nelson
authors.affiliation: Diabetes Epidemiology and Clinical Research Section, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, AZ, USA.
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Hanson
authors.affiliation: Diabetes Epidemiology and Clinical Research Section, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, AZ, USA.
authors.forename: W C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Knowler
authors.affiliation: Diabetes Epidemiology and Clinical Research Section, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, AZ, USA.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sinha
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001794:Blood Pressure; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D050171:Dyslipidemias / Q000150:complications / Q000208:ethnology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000150:complications / Q000208:ethnology*; D007198:Indians, North American; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D063766:Pediatric Obesity / Q000150:complications / Q000208:ethnology*; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D008055:Lipids
keywords: Body mass index; cardiometabolic risk; child obesity