title: Personality in women with endometriosis: temperament and character dimensions and pelvic pain.
abstract: Is pelvic pain due to endometriosis associated with temperament and character dimensions?
  
  
  
  Women with endometriosis and pelvic pain do not clearly exhibit a specific personality profile; however, personality is associated with pelvic pain perception.
  
  
  
  There is research evidence suggesting that endometriosis patients with pelvic pain are more likely to present psychological disruption. Little is known about the association between subjective factors, such as personality traits, and pelvic pain.
  
  
  
  This cross-sectional study (N = 133) is part of a larger research on the association between endometriosis and several psychological variables carried out between 2012 and 2014.
  
  
  
  The participants were 82 endometriosis patients and 51 healthy controls. Endometriosis patients indicated on a dichotomous scale (yes/no) whether they were suffering from pelvic pain and were divided in two study groups: painful endometriosis group (N = 58) and pain-free endometriosis group (N = 24). The severity of pelvic pain (chronic pelvic pain, dysmenorrhoea, dyspareunia, and dyschezia) was rated on a 0-10 point numerical rating scale. All participants completed a 240-item psychometric test (TCI-R) evaluating personality in terms of temperament and character dimensions.
  
  
  
  Women with painful endometriosis had lower novelty seeking compared with the control group (P = 0.017) and higher harm avoidance (P = 0.007) and lower exploratory excitability (P = 0.034) and responsibility (P = 0.027) compared with the pain-free endometriosis group, as well as higher fatigability compared with the pain-free endometriosis group (P = 0.001) and the control group (P = 0.032). Higher harm avoidance (B = 0.081; P = 0.002) and lower self-directedness (B = -0.053; P = 0.015) were associated with a greater severity of chronic pelvic pain.
  
  
  
  These study findings should be taken cautiously for several methodological reasons such as small sample size, differences in group sizes and cultural homogeneity. More research is needed to further investigate the association between personality and pelvic pain related to endometriosis.
  
  
  
  Our findings suggest new avenues for future research and treatment of endometriosis. The association between the severity of chronic pelvic pain and personality may help clarify the lack of a direct correlation between pain severity and the type and stage of endometriosis, as well as the inconsistencies in patients' response to medical and/or surgical treatment. Therapeutic strategies should be specifically targeted on individual women and involve an integrated approach to the treatment of chronic pelvic pain related to endometriosis.
  
  
  
  There was no external funding for this study and the authors have no conflicts of interest.
  
  
  
  Not applicable to this study.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Psychology, Catholic University of Milan, Largo A. Gemelli 1, Milan 20123, Italy federica.facchin@unicatt.it.
authors.forename: Federica
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Facchin
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 'G. Fornaroli' Hospital, Via Al Donatore Di Sangue 50, Magenta, Milan 20013, Italy.
authors.forename: Giussy
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Barbara
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Psychology, Catholic University of Milan, Largo A. Gemelli 1, Milan 20123, Italy.
authors.forename: Emanuela
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Saita
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Neurosciences, IRCCS San Raffaele, Via Stamira d'Ancona 20, Milan 20127, Italy.
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Erzegovesi
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Neurosciences, IRCCS San Raffaele, Via Stamira d'Ancona 20, Milan 20127, Italy.
authors.forename: Riccardo Maria
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Martoni
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico and Università degli Studi di Milano, Via della Commenda 12, Milan 20122, Italy.
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Vercellini
mesh_terms: D004715:Endometriosis / Q000150:complications*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D010146:Pain / Q000209:etiology* / Q000523:psychology; D010147:Pain Measurement; D058748:Pain Perception; D010551:Personality
keywords: character; endometriosis; pain severity; pelvic pain; temperament