title: Prevalence of Sleep Disorders Among Primary School Children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To screen symptoms of sleep disorders among primary school children.
  
  
  METHODS
  Four schools from urban area and four rural schools were included in this study. Symptoms of sleep disorders were assessed using the validated Hindi version of Childhood Sleep Habit Questionnaire in 8-13 y old children. Comparison was made between urban and rural group and between boys and girls. Descriptive statistics was calculated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean age of the subjects included in this study was 8.9 ± 1.5 y. Boys and girls were equally distributed, however, rural sample was smaller. More than one awakening each night was found in 12.2 % children. In the whole group, prevalence of bed-wetting was 8.7 %, sleep-talking 20.9 %, sleep-walking 3.2 %, teeth grinding 15.4 % and night terrors 8.4 %. Daytime sleepiness was reported by 25.5 % and napping by 56.4 %. 17.3 % used to fall asleep in unusual circumstances and the teacher or the friend in 6.9 % students noticed it. Snoring was reported by 11.4 % children, and 6.3 % reportedly struggled to breathe during sleep. Domicile and gender did not affect prevalence of parasomnia, however, symptoms of sleep apnea were more frequent among rural children. Daytime sleepiness was more common among rural children as compared to urban.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Symptoms of sleep disorders are prevalent among primary school children. Common disorders are parasomnia, sleep apnea and daytime sleepiness.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Sleep Clinic, Himalayan Institute of Medical Sciences, Swami Ram Nagar, Jolly Grant, Dehradun, 248140, India. sleepdoc.ravi@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Ravi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.affiliation: Department of Community Medicine, Himalayan Institute of Medical Sciences, Swami Ram Nagar, Jolly Grant, Dehradun, India.
authors.forename: Deepak
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Goel
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Himalayan Institute of Medical Sciences, Swami Ram Nagar, Jolly Grant, Dehradun, India.
authors.forename: S D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Kandpal
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Sleep Clinic, Himalayan Institute of Medical Sciences, Swami Ram Nagar, Jolly Grant, Dehradun, 248140, India.
authors.forename: Nidhi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mittal
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Sleep Clinic, Himalayan Institute of Medical Sciences, Swami Ram Nagar, Jolly Grant, Dehradun, 248140, India.
authors.forename: Mohan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dhyani
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Himalayan Institute of Medical Sciences, Swami Ram Nagar, Jolly Grant, Dehradun, India.
authors.forename: Manish
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mittal
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015995:Prevalence; D012890:Sleep; D012891:Sleep Apnea Syndromes / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012893:Sleep Wake Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012913:Snoring; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: Daytime-sleepiness; Nocturnal-enuresis; School-children; Sleep-apnea