title: Precise expression of Fis1 is important for glucose responsiveness of beta cells.
abstract: Mitochondrial network functionality is vital for glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in pancreatic beta cells. Altered mitochondrial dynamics in pancreatic beta cells are thought to trigger the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Fission protein 1 (Fis1) might be a key player in this process. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate mitochondrial morphology in dependence of beta cell function, after knockdown and overexpression of Fis1. We demonstrate that glucose-unresponsive cells with impaired glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (INS1-832/2) showed decreased mitochondrial dynamics compared with glucose-responsive cells (INS1-832/13). Accordingly, mitochondrial morphology visualised using MitoTracker staining differed between the two cell lines. INS1-832/2 cells formed elongated and clustered mitochondria, whereas INS1-832/13 cells showed a homogenous mitochondrial network. Fis1 overexpression using lentiviral transduction significantly improved glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and mitochondrial network homogeneity in glucose-unresponsive cells. Conversely, Fis1 downregulation by shRNA, both in primary mouse beta cells and glucose-responsive INS1-832/13 cells, caused unresponsiveness and significantly greater numbers of elongated mitochondria. Overexpression of FIS1 in primary mouse beta cells indicated an upper limit at which higher FIS1 expression reduced glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. Thus, FIS1 was overexpressed stepwise up to a high concentration in RINm5F cells using the RheoSwitch system. Moderate FIS1 expression improved glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, whereas high expression resulted in loss of glucose responsiveness and in mitochondrial artificial loop structures and clustering. Our data confirm that FIS1 is a key regulator in pancreatic beta cells, because both glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and mitochondrial dynamics were clearly adapted to precise expression levels of this fission protein.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyUniversity of Rostock, Rostock, Germany julia.schultz@med.uni-rostock.de simone.baltrusch@med.uni-rostock.de.
authors.forename: Julia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Schultz
authors.affiliation: Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyUniversity of Rostock, Rostock, Germany.
authors.forename: Rica
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Waterstradt
authors.affiliation: Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyUniversity of Rostock, Rostock, Germany.
authors.forename: Tobias
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kantowski
authors.affiliation: Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyUniversity of Rostock, Rostock, Germany.
authors.forename: Annekatrin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rickmann
authors.affiliation: Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyUniversity of Rostock, Rostock, Germany.
authors.forename: Florian
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Reinhardt
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical SciencesUnit of Molecular Metabolism, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden.
authors.forename: Vladimir
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Sharoyko
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical SciencesUnit of Molecular Metabolism, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden.
authors.forename: Hindrik
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mulder
authors.affiliation: Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyUniversity of Rostock, Rostock, Germany.
authors.forename: Markus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tiedge
authors.affiliation: Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyUniversity of Rostock, Rostock, Germany julia.schultz@med.uni-rostock.de simone.baltrusch@med.uni-rostock.de.
authors.forename: Simone
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Baltrusch
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D005947:Glucose / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007328:Insulin / Q000378:metabolism*; D000078790:Insulin Secretion; D050417:Insulin-Secreting Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats
chemical_list: C503403:Fis1 protein, rat; D007328:Insulin; D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins; D005947:Glucose
keywords: fission protein 1; glucose-stimulated insulin secretion; mitochondrial dynamics; pancreatic beta cells