title: Amphetamine alters neural response to sucrose in healthy women.
abstract: Amphetamine, likely via action on the brain's dopaminergic systems, induces anorectic eating behavior and blunts dopaminergic midbrain activation to rewards. Past work has hypothesized that this blunted reward responsivity is a result of increasing tonic over phasic DA activity. We sought to extend past findings to sweet taste during fMRI following single-blind administration of dextroamphetamine and placebo in 11 healthy women. We hypothesized that neural response in both limbic and cognitive sweet taste circuits would mirror past work with monetary rewards by effectively blunting sweet taste reward, and 'equalizing' it's rewarding taste with receipt of water. Behavioral results showed that amphetamine reduced self-reported hunger (supporting the existence of amphetamine anorexia) and increased self-report euphoria. In addition, region of Interest analysis revealed significant treatment by taste interactions in the middle insula and dorsal anterior cingulate confirming the 'equalizing' hypothesis in the cingulate, but unlike monetary reinforcers, the insula actually evinced enhanced separation between tastes on the amphetamine day. These results suggest a divergence from prior research using monetary reinforcers when extended to primary reinforcers, and may hint that altering dopaminergic signaling in the insula and anterior cingulate may be a target for pharmacological manipulation of appetite, and the treatment of obesity.
authors.affiliation: Eating Disorders Research and Treatment Program, UCSD Department of Psychiatry, 4510 Executive Dr., Suite 315, San Diego, CA 92121-3021, USA.
authors.forename: A James
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Melrose
authors.affiliation: Eating Disorders Research and Treatment Program, UCSD Department of Psychiatry, 4510 Executive Dr., Suite 315, San Diego, CA 92121-3021, USA; Medical University of Vienna, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Division of Biological Psychiatry, Waehringer Gurtel 18-20, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Ursula
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Bailer
authors.affiliation: Eating Disorders Research and Treatment Program, UCSD Department of Psychiatry, 4510 Executive Dr., Suite 315, San Diego, CA 92121-3021, USA; Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, Research Service, Psychiatry Service, 3350 La Jolla Village Dr., San Diego, CA 92161, USA.
authors.forename: Christina E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Wierenga
authors.affiliation: Eating Disorders Research and Treatment Program, UCSD Department of Psychiatry, 4510 Executive Dr., Suite 315, San Diego, CA 92121-3021, USA.
authors.forename: Amanda
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bischoff-Grethe
authors.affiliation: Eating Disorders Research and Treatment Program, UCSD Department of Psychiatry, 4510 Executive Dr., Suite 315, San Diego, CA 92121-3021, USA; Laureate Institute for Brain Research, 6655 S Yale Ave, Tulsa, OK 74136-3326, USA.
authors.forename: Martin P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Paulus
authors.affiliation: Eating Disorders Research and Treatment Program, UCSD Department of Psychiatry, 4510 Executive Dr., Suite 315, San Diego, CA 92121-3021, USA. Electronic address: wkaye@ucsd.edu.
authors.forename: Walter H
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Kaye
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects; D001931:Brain Mapping; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000187:drug effects; D003913:Dextroamphetamine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018765:Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005247:Feeding Behavior / Q000187:drug effects*; D005260:Female; D064368:Healthy Volunteers; D006801:Humans; D006815:Hunger / Q000187:drug effects; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D012201:Reward; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D013395:Sucrose / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D013549:Sweetening Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D013649:Taste / Q000502:physiology; D055697:Taste Perception / Q000187:drug effects; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants; D018765:Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors; D013549:Sweetening Agents; D013395:Sucrose; D003913:Dextroamphetamine
keywords: Amphetamine; Dorsal ACC; FMRI; Hunger; Insula; Sucrose; Taste; Water