title: Activation and Recruitment of Regulatory T Cells via Chemokine Receptor Activation in Trichinella spiralis-Infected Mice.
abstract: As most infections by the helminth parasite elicit the recruitment of CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+) T (Treg) cells, many scientists have suggested that these cells could be used for the treatment of immune-mediated inflammation and associated diseases. In order to investigate the distribution and alteration of activated Treg cells, we compared the expression levels of Treg cell activation markers in the ileum and gastrocnemius tissues 1, 2, and 4 weeks after infection. The number of Treg cells was monitored using GFP-coded Foxp3 transgenic mice. In mice at 1 week after Trichinella spiralis infection, the number of activated Treg cells was higher than in the control group. In mice at 2 weeks after infection, there was a significant increase in the number of cells expressing Foxp3 and CTLA-4 when compared to the control group and mice at 1 week after infection. At 4 weeks after infection, T. spiralis was easily identifiable in nurse cells in mouse muscles. In the intestine, the expression of Gzmb and Klrg1 decreased over time and that of Capg remained unchanged for the first and second week, then decreased in the 4th week. However, in the muscles, the expression of most chemokine genes was increased due to T. spiralis infection, in particular the expression levels of Gzmb, OX40, and CTLA-4 increased until week 4. In addition, increased gene expression of all chemokine receptors in muscle, CXCR3, CCR4, CCR5, CCR9, and CCR10, was observed up until the 4th week. In conclusion, various chemokine receptors showed increased expressions combined with recruitment of Treg cells in the muscle tissue.
authors.affiliation: Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea.
authors.forename: Jeong-Bin
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Ahn
authors.affiliation: Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea.|Immunoregulatory Therapeutics Group in Brain Busan 21 Project, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea.
authors.forename: Shin Ae
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.affiliation: Department of Nursing, College of Nursing, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea.
authors.forename: Dong-Hee
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea.|Immunoregulatory Therapeutics Group in Brain Busan 21 Project, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea.
authors.forename: Hak Sun
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Yu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D060908:CTLA-4 Antigen / Q000378:metabolism; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D053804:Granzymes / Q000378:metabolism; D037181:Lectins, C-Type; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000276:immunology*; D051379:Mice; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D008840:Microfilament Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D019707:Receptors, Chemokine / Q000276:immunology; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic / Q000378:metabolism; D053262:Receptors, OX40 / Q000378:metabolism; D050378:T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory / Q000276:immunology*; D017160:Trichinella spiralis / Q000276:immunology*; D014235:Trichinellosis / Q000276:immunology* / Q000469:parasitology
chemical_list: D060908:CTLA-4 Antigen; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors; C498833:Foxp3 protein, mouse; C451496:Klrg1 protein, mouse; D037181:Lectins, C-Type; D008840:Microfilament Proteins; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D019707:Receptors, Chemokine; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic; D053262:Receptors, OX40; C505717:Tnfrsf4 protein, mouse; C483826:Capg protein, mouse; D053804:Granzymes; C509214:Gzmb protein, mouse
keywords: CD4+CD25+Foxp3+T cell; Trichinella spiralis; muscle phase; recruitment