title: A personalized mobile patient guide system for a patient-centered smart hospital: Lessons learned from a usability test and satisfaction survey in a tertiary university hospital.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The present study focused on the design, implementation, and evaluation of a personalized mobile patient guide system that utilizes smart phones, indoor navigation technology and a hospital information system (HIS) to address the difficulties that outpatients face in finding hospital facilities, recognizing their daily treatment schedule, and accessing personalized medical and administrative information.
  
  
  METHODS
  The present study was conducted in a fully digitized tertiary university hospital in South Korea. We developed a real-time location-based outpatient guide system that consists of Bluetooth access points (APs) for indoor navigation, an Android-based guide application, a guide server, and interfaces with the HIS. A total of 33 subjects and 43 outpatients participated in the usability test (UT) and the satisfaction survey, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We confirmed that the indoor navigation feature can be applied to outpatient departments with precision using a position error test. The participants in the UT completed each scenario with an average success rate of 67.4%. According to the results, we addressed the problems and made improvements to the user interface by providing users with context-based guidance information. The satisfaction rating of the system was high, with an average score of 4.0 out of 5.0, showing its utility as a patient-centered hospital service.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The innovative mobile patient guide system for outpatients is feasible and can be successfully implemented to provide personalized information with high satisfaction. Additionally, the issues identified and lessons learned from our experiences regarding task scheduling, indoor navigation, and usability should be considered when developing the system.
authors.affiliation: Center for Medical Informatics, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, South Korea.
authors.forename: Sooyoung
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yoo
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, South Korea.
authors.forename: Se Young
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.affiliation: Center for Medical Informatics, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, South Korea.
authors.forename: Seok
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Center for Medical Informatics, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, South Korea.
authors.forename: Eunhye
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Center for Medical Informatics, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, South Korea; Department of Family Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, South Korea.
authors.forename: Kee-Hyuck
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Nursing Department, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, South Korea.
authors.forename: Eunja
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.affiliation: Center for Medical Informatics, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, South Korea; Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, South Korea. Electronic address: neuroandy@snubh.org.
authors.forename: Hee
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hwang
mesh_terms: D001071:Appointments and Schedules; D040362:Geographic Information Systems; D006801:Humans; D033181:Information Dissemination / Q000379:methods; D063731:Mobile Applications; D010353:Patient Education as Topic / Q000379:methods; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D018802:Patient-Centered Care / Q000379:methods*; D057285:Precision Medicine / Q000379:methods*; D062606:Tertiary Care Centers / Q000458:organization & administration*; D014584:User-Computer Interface
keywords: Evaluation; Indoor navigation; Patient satisfaction; Personalized patient guide; Usability test