title: Combination effects of wild rice and phytosterols on prevention of atherosclerosis in LDL receptor knockout mice.
abstract: Dietary modifications including healthy eating constitute one of the first line strategies for prevention and treatment of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (CVD), including atherosclerosis. In this study, we assessed anti-atherogenic effects of a combination of wild rice and phytosterols in low-density lipoprotein receptor knockout (LDL-r-KO) mice. Male LDL-r-KO mice were divided into four groups and fed with: (1) control diet; (2) the control diet containing 60% (w/w) wild rice; (3) the control diet containing 2% (w/w) phytosterols; or (4) the control diet containing both wild rice and phytosterols for 20weeks. All diets were supplemented with 0.06% (w/w) dietary cholesterol. Blood samples, hearts, and feces were collected and used for biochemical and histological examination. Consumption of 60% (w/w) wild rice in combination with 2% (w/w) phytosterols significantly reduced the size and severity of atherosclerotic lesions in the aortic roots as compared to those in the control group. This effect was associated with significant reductions in plasma total, LDL and VLDL cholesterol concentrations as well as an increase in fecal cholesterol excretion. In conclusion, the dietary combination of wild rice and phytosterols prevents atherogenesis in this animal model. Further investigations are needed to understand mechanisms of action and potential clinical outcome of such dietary intervention.
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada; Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB, Canada; International Nutrition Research Inc., Winnipeg, MB, Canada. Electronic address: mmoghadasian@sbrc.ca.
authors.forename: Mohammed H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Moghadasian
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada; Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
authors.forename: Maha
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Alsaif
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada; Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
authors.forename: Khuong
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Le
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada; Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
authors.forename: Surendiran
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gangadaran
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada; Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
authors.forename: Kabo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Masisi
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
authors.forename: Trust
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Beta
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada; Departments of Physiology and Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
authors.forename: Garry X
authors.initials: GX
authors.lastname: Shen
mesh_terms: D050154:Adiposity; D000818:Animals; D000924:Anticholesteremic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001011:Aorta / Q000473:pathology; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood; D002791:Cholesterol, Dietary / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000097:blood; D015243:Cholesterol, VLDL / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000097:blood; D019587:Dietary Supplements / Q000009:adverse effects; D050171:Dyslipidemias / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D005243:Feces / Q000737:chemistry; D055951:Functional Food; D008297:Male; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D009206:Myocardium / Q000473:pathology; D010840:Phytosterols / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006109:Poaceae; D011973:Receptors, LDL / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012639:Seeds
chemical_list: D000924:Anticholesteremic Agents; D002791:Cholesterol, Dietary; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D015243:Cholesterol, VLDL; D010840:Phytosterols; D011973:Receptors, LDL; D002784:Cholesterol
keywords: Atherosclerosis; LDL-receptor-deficient mice; Phytosterols; Plasma lipids; Wild rice