title: Premeal insulin decreases arterial stiffness in children with type 1 diabetes.
abstract: To determine the effects of omitting meal time insulin on arterial stiffness in children with type 1 diabetes.
  
  
  
  In this prospective, randomized, crossover study, radial artery tonometry and augmentation index adjusted to heart rate 75 (AI75) were used to measure arterial stiffness. Children were randomized to receive or omit premeal insulin and completed the crossover portion of the study on a subsequent day. AI75was determined when fasting, 1, and 2 h postmeal.
  
  
  
  When comparing change in AI75from baseline to 1 h and baseline to 2 h, when subjects received premeal insulin vs. no insulin, AI75was 4.5 units lower at 1 h (p = 0.011, 95% CI:1.1 lower to 8 lower) and 4.3 units lower at 2 h (p = 0.062, 95% CI: 0.2 higher to 8.9 lower) (n = 40).
  
  
  
  Arterial stiffness is decreased by premeal insulin in children with type 1 diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
authors.forename: Colette S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Meehan
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
authors.forename: Pooja L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Kethireddy
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
authors.forename: Jordan K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Ashcraft
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Outcomes and Policy Biostatistics Epidemiology and Research Design, Clinical Translational Science Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
authors.forename: Jonathan J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Shuster
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Haller
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D002648:Child; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D003925:Diabetic Angiopathies / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D058065:Diabetic Cardiomyopathies / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D005431:Florida / Q000453:epidemiology; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000517:prevention & control*; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007328:Insulin / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D062407:Meals; D017534:Radial Artery; D012306:Risk; D059289:Vascular Stiffness / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin; C517652:hemoglobin A1c protein, human
keywords: CVD risk; arterial stiffness; bolus insulin; meal insulin