title: Serum and salivary levels of chemerin and MMP-9 in oral squamous cell carcinoma and oral premalignant lesions.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was to investigate serum and salivary levels of chemerin and MMP-9 as early diagnostic biomarkers for patients with oral premalignant lesions (OPMLs) and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).
  
  
  METHODS
  This study included 45 individuals; 15 healthy control, 15 patients with OPMLs, and 15 patients with early stage OSCC. Chemerin and MMP-9 were determined in serum and saliva samples utilizing enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Serum and salivary levels of chemerin and MMP-9 in patients with OSCC were significantly higher than OPMLs and control group. Patients with OPMLs showed also elevated profiles for serum and salivary chemerin and MMP-9 compared to control group. Receiver operator characteristic curve analysis revealed that all tested biomarkers have 100 % sensitivity and 100 % specificity with area under the curve (AUC) of 1.00 in detecting early stage OSCC and OPMLs. In distinguishing OSCC from OPMLs, salivary MMP-9, serum chemerin, and salivary chemerin showed AUC of 0.99, 0.92, and 0.88, respectively, showing higher sensitivity and specificity compared with serum MMP-9 (AUC; 0.6) which failed to differentiate between the two conditions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Chemerin and MMP-9 might be considered as salivary diagnostic biomarkers for OPMLs and early detection of OSCC and also for detecting early cancerization of OPMLs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This research implied that salivary chemerin was a novel diagnostic factor for patients with OPML and early stage OSCC patients, and chemerin could be a new therapeutic target for regulating cancer angiogenesis and blocking malignization of OPMLs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Medicine, Periodontology and Diagnosis, Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Cairo University, 43 Zahraa street, Dokki, Guiza, Egypt. noha26@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Noha A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Ghallab
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Guiza, Egypt.
authors.forename: Olfat G
authors.initials: OG
authors.lastname: Shaker
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D018925:Chemokines / Q000378:metabolism*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000378:metabolism*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009062:Mouth Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011230:Precancerous Conditions / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D012463:Saliva / Q000737:chemistry*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D018925:Chemokines; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; C478630:RARRES2 protein, human; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9
keywords: Angiogenesis; Chemerin; MMP-9; Oral squamous cell carcinoma; Premalignant; Saliva