title: A measurement framework for adherence in patient decision aid trials applied in a systematic review subanalysis.
abstract: To explore how studies of decision aids conceptualize and measure adherence and to evaluate the effect of patient decision aids on adherence.
  
  
  
  A subanalysis of adherence studies included in the 2014 Cochrane review on patient decision aids. An adherence framework for decision aid trials is presented which includes two types of adherence: "adherence to choice" and "adherence to treatment." Included studies were classified based on the adherence framework, and their impact on adherence was assessed.
  
  
  
  Thirteen trials involving 2,115 patients were included. Of these 13, eight measured "adherence to choice" and 10 measured "adherence to treatment." There was considerable heterogeneity in how adherence was measured, with studies varying in whether they considered baseline choice, follow-up choice, or neither, and whether they presented separate or aggregated adherence measures. No studies measuring "adherence to choice" reported significant differences between the decision aid and comparator, whereas four studies measuring adherence to treatment reported a statistically significant difference between the decision aid and comparator, with three favoring the decision aid arm.
  
  
  
  The adherence framework provided insight into important measurement factors. There remains considerable heterogeneity in measures of adherence which makes it difficult to draw conclusions.
authors.affiliation: School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z3, Canada; Centre for Clinical Epidemiology and Evaluation, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, 7th Floor, 828 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver V5Z 1M9, Canada; Centre for Health Evaluation and Outcome Sciences, 588 - 1081 Burrard Street, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver V6Z 1Y6, Canada; Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, 725 Parkdale Avenue, Ottawa K1Y 4E9, Canada. Electronic address: trenaman@alumni.ubc.ca.
authors.forename: Logan
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Trenaman
authors.affiliation: Epidemiology and Public Health Department-Iberoamerican Cochrane Center, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Selva
authors.affiliation: School of Nutrition, Laval University, Pavillon Paul-Comtois, 2425 rue de l'Agriculture, Quebec City G1V 0A6, Canada.
authors.forename: Sophie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Desroches
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, 30 Marie-Curie, Ottawa K1N 9B4, Canada.
authors.forename: Kavita
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.affiliation: Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, 725 Parkdale Avenue, Ottawa K1Y 4E9, Canada; The Ottawa Hospital, 501 Smyth Road, Ottawa K1H 8L6, Canada.
authors.forename: Janice
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bissonnette
authors.affiliation: School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z3, Canada; Centre for Clinical Epidemiology and Evaluation, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, 7th Floor, 828 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver V5Z 1M9, Canada; Centre for Health Evaluation and Outcome Sciences, 588 - 1081 Burrard Street, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver V6Z 1Y6, Canada.
authors.forename: Nick
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Bansback
authors.affiliation: Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, 725 Parkdale Avenue, Ottawa K1Y 4E9, Canada; School of Nursing, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa K1H 8M5, Canada.
authors.forename: Dawn
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Stacey
mesh_terms: D002755:Choice Behavior; D003661:Decision Support Techniques; D006801:Humans; D010349:Patient Compliance / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D010358:Patient Participation / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*
keywords: Adherence; Compliance; Patient decision aids; Persistence; Shared decision making