title: Adolescent construction of mental illness: implication for engagement and treatment.
abstract: Understanding how adolescents perceive mental illness is important for clinicians wishing to improve engagement, and for the development of educational programmes and health-behaviour directed policies. The current research aimed to develop a preliminary model of how adolescents perceive mental illness and construct their understanding of mental health.
  
  
  
  Forty-six participants aged 11-18 from six schools in Birmingham, UK, took part in one of 12 group interviews.
  
  
  
  A thematic analysis highlighted a dual perception of mental illness. Adolescents discussed stereotypes and extreme examples of illness, but also displayed an insightful understanding of mental distress which had developed through participants' own experiences. Participants attempted to reconcile and negotiate these conflicting perceptions by creating distinctions between concepts of 'craziness' and 'normality', and reported experiencing negative emotions relating to both perceptions of illness.
  
  
  
  The findings suggest that once media stereotypes have been acknowledged, adolescents demonstrate a relatively sophisticated understanding of mental illness, although one which differed at times from the diagnostic medical model of mental illness. Focusing on individual symptoms, prevalence rates and prior contact adolescents have had with individuals with mental illnesses provides a framework to discuss mental health and ill-health with adolescents.
authors.affiliation: School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK.
authors.forename: Katharine
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Chisholm
authors.affiliation: Youth Programme, Birmingham and Solihull Mental Health Foundation Trust, Research and Innovation, Birmingham, UK.
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Patterson
authors.affiliation: School of Health and Population Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
authors.forename: Sheila
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Greenfield
authors.affiliation: Early Intervention Services, Birmingham and Solihull Mental Health Foundation Trust, Newington Resource Centre, Marston Green, Birmingham, UK.
authors.forename: Erin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Turner
authors.affiliation: School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK.
authors.forename: Max
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Birchwood
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000294:Adolescent Behavior / Q000523:psychology*; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000523:psychology*
keywords: adolescence; lay understanding; mental health; stereotype; stigma