title: Koch's postulates, microbial dysbiosis and inflammatory bowel disease.
abstract: Over the past 20 years, a growing amount of evidence supports the role of microbes and an imbalanced microbiota in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). While many reviews have been written on the microbiota in IBD, few have considered how they fulfil the Koch's postulates. In this review, we consider how the Koch's postulates might be modified so that they can be fulfilled for polymicrobial diseases, and we discuss the progress made to date in fulfilling them.
authors.affiliation: Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada; Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases Laboratory, Alberta Institute of Human Nutrition, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.
authors.forename: V P
authors.initials: VP
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.affiliation: Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada; Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases Laboratory, Alberta Institute of Human Nutrition, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.
authors.forename: S D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Proctor
authors.affiliation: Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada. Electronic address: willing@ualberta.ca.
authors.forename: B P
authors.initials: BP
authors.lastname: Willing
mesh_terms: D015984:Causality; D060085:Coinfection / Q000473:pathology*; D064806:Dysbiosis / Q000150:complications*; D006801:Humans; D015212:Inflammatory Bowel Diseases / Q000209:etiology*; D008828:Microbiological Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D008829:Microbiology / Q000592:standards*
keywords: Crohn disease; Dysbiosis; Inflammatory bowel disease; Koch's postulates; Ulcerative colitis