title: Aflatoxin B1and total fumonisin contamination and their producing fungi in fresh and stored sorghum grain in East Hararghe, Ethiopia.
abstract: Natural contamination of sorghum grains by aflatoxin B1and total fumonisin and their producing toxigenic fungi has been studied. A total of 90 sorghum grain samples were collected from small-scale farmers' threshing floors and 5-6 months later from underground pits during 2013 harvest from three districts of East Hararghe, Ethiopia. Mycotoxin analysis was done using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The limits of detection were in the range 0.01-0.03 μg kg-1. The results revealed that all sorghum grain samples were contaminated with both Aspergillus and Fusarium species. Aflatoxin B1was detected at levels ranging from <LOD to 33.10 µg kg-1grain. There were marked variations in aflatoxin B1concentrations between fresh and stored samples, with much higher levels in the latter. Total fumonisin levels varied between 907 and 2041 µg kg-1grain across the samples. Lowest total fumonisin was recorded in freshly harvested sorghum grain samples. Sorghum is a main staple cereal in the studied districts and its consumption per day per person is high. Daily intake of low doses of mycotoxin-contaminated food stuff over a period of time could lead to chronic mycotoxicosis.
authors.affiliation: a College of Agriculture , Wolaita Sodo University , Wolaita Sodo , Ethiopia.
authors.forename: Wondimeneh
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Taye
authors.affiliation: b Haramaya University , School of Plant Sciences , Haramaya , Ethiopia.|d Partnership for Aflatoxin Control in Africa (PACA), African Union Commission , Addis Ababa , Ethiopia.
authors.forename: Amare
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ayalew
authors.affiliation: c College of Agriculture , Hawassa University , Hawassa , Ethiopia.
authors.forename: Alemayehu
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chala
authors.affiliation: b Haramaya University , School of Plant Sciences , Haramaya , Ethiopia.
authors.forename: Mashilla
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dejene
mesh_terms: D016604:Aflatoxin B1 / Q000032:analysis* / Q000633:toxicity; D000383:Agriculture / Q000379:methods; D001230:Aspergillus / Q000254:growth & development / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D004032:Diet / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000208:ethnology; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005002:Ethiopia / Q000453:epidemiology; D005506:Food Contamination; D005511:Food Handling; D005513:Food Inspection; D061353:Food Storage; D005517:Foodborne Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000208:ethnology / Q000209:etiology / Q000382:microbiology; D037341:Fumonisins / Q000032:analysis* / Q000633:toxicity; D005670:Fusarium / Q000254:growth & development / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D006801:Humans; D057230:Limit of Detection; D015651:Mycotoxicosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000208:ethnology / Q000209:etiology / Q000382:microbiology; D012306:Risk; D012639:Seeds / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000382:microbiology; D045868:Sorghum / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000382:microbiology; D062211:Spatio-Temporal Analysis
chemical_list: D037341:Fumonisins; D016604:Aflatoxin B1
keywords: ELISA; aflatoxin; fumonisins; mycotoxicosis; sorghum