title: Gout and diabetes: a common combination.
abstract: The aims of this cross-sectional study were to compare metabolic parameters in people with gout and diabetes with gout only and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) only. Fifty General Practices in NHS Ayrshire and Arran (population 340 377) contributed data. The sample was split into three groups, those with both gout and T2DM, those with gout only and those with T2DM only. The prevalence of gout in Ayrshire and Arran was 2.65%. The prevalence of gout in people with type 1 and 2 diabetes was 1.90% (p=0.30) and 10.12% (p<10(-5)), respectively. Patients with both conditions were significantly more likely to be male (p<10(-5)), older (p<10(-5)), have a higher mean body mass index (p<0.001), higher triglycerides (p<10(-4)), lower mean total, high-density lipoprotein- and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (p<10(-5)), lower estimated glomerular filtration rate (p<0.001), neuropathy (p=0.02), lower haemoglobin (p<0.001), to be prescribed more medications (p<10(-5)) and less likely to smoke (p<0.01). There was an association between lower haemoglobin A1c and increased prevalence of gout (p<0.001). 42.4% of patients with gout alone and 36.2% of those with both gout and diabetes had a urate measure. This study defines much more clearly the association between gout and T2DM. Of interest, in terms of lifestyle, both better glycaemic control and smoking are associated with a higher prevalence of gout.
authors.affiliation: Diabetes Day Centre, Ayr Hospital, Ayr, UK.
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Collier
authors.affiliation: Diabetes Day Centre, Ayr Hospital, Ayr, UK.
authors.forename: Angus
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Stirling
authors.affiliation: Department of Primary Care Quality and Development, NHS Ayrshire and Arran, Ailsa Hospital, Ayr, UK.
authors.forename: Lyall
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cameron
authors.affiliation: NHS Ayrshire and Arran, University Hospital Ayr, Ayr, UK.
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hair
authors.affiliation: Department of Rheumatology, Southern General Hospital, Glasgow, UK.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Crosbie
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D015992:Body Mass Index; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000378:metabolism; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000378:metabolism; D003929:Diabetic Neuropathies / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006073:Gout / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood; D006113:United Kingdom / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D014280:Triglycerides