title: Evaluation of cavity wall adaptation of bulk esthetic materials to restore class II cavities in primary molars.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of the study was to assess the cavity wall adaptation and gap formation of a bulk fill composite resin and reinforced conventional glass ionomer cement and a resin-modified glass ionomer cement in class II restorations on primary molars.
  
  
  METHODS
  Standardized class II slot cavity preparations were prepared in exfoliating primary molars. Teeth were restored with one of the three tested materials (n = 10): SonicFill bulk fill composite resin (SF), EQUIA Fil conventional reinforced glass ionomer cement (EQF), and Vitremer resin-reinforced glass ionomer cement (VT). Cavity wall adaptation of the restorations was investigated by computerized X-ray micro-tomography and the percentage void volume fraction (%VVF) was calculated. Same specimens were sectioned and the interfaces were evaluated by reflection optical microscopy to measure the percentage linear length (%LD) of the interfacial gaps. Samples were further evaluated by environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM).
  
  
  RESULTS
  EQF and SF showed significantly lower %VVF and %LD values than VT (p < 0.05). This was in accordance with ESEM findings where VT illustrated extended interfacial gaps.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  SF and EQF showed better cavity wall adaptation than VT in class II restorations on primary molars.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  High-strength conventional glass ionomer cement (GIC EQF) and bulk fill composite SF requiring fewer application steps and reduced operating time than the traditional composite resin materials showed good cavity wall adaptation. Short operating time and good cavity wall adaptation are advantages of the materials in restorative and pediatric dentistry, especially while working on children with limited attention span.
authors.affiliation: Department of Restorative and Preventive Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, M-28 135, PO Box 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates. mdimitra@sharjah.ac.ae.
authors.forename: Maria D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Gaintantzopoulou
authors.affiliation: Department of Restorative and Preventive Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, M-28 135, PO Box 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.
authors.forename: Vellore K
authors.initials: VK
authors.lastname: Gopinath
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomaterials, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Spiros
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zinelis
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D003188:Composite Resins / Q000737:chemistry*; D003731:Dental Caries / Q000628:therapy*; D003737:Dental Cavity Preparation / Q000379:methods*; D018772:Dental Marginal Adaptation; D004955:Esthetics, Dental; D005899:Glass Ionomer Cements / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D008422:Materials Testing; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D008963:Molar; D019279:Resin Cements; D013499:Surface Properties; D014094:Tooth, Deciduous; D055114:X-Ray Microtomography
chemical_list: D003188:Composite Resins; D005899:Glass Ionomer Cements; C469607:OptiBond FL; D019279:Resin Cements; C000613185:SonicFill; C084550:Vitremer
keywords: Bulk fill composites; Cavity adaptation; Computerized X-ray micro-tomography; Glass ionomer cements