title: Effects of Zolpidem CR on Sleep and Nocturnal Ventilation in Patients with Heart Failure.
abstract: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of zolpidem CR (controlled release) on sleep and nocturnal ventilation in patients with congestive heart failure, a population at risk for insomnia and poor sleep quality.
  
  
  
  Fifteen patients with heart failure (ischemic cardiomyopathy) and ejection fraction ≤ 45% in NYHA functional class I or II were evaluated with full polysomnography in a placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomized trial. Patients underwent three tests: (1) baseline polysomnography and, after randomization, (2) a new test with zolpidem CR 12.5 mg or placebo, and after 1 week, (3) a new polysomnography, crossing the "medication" used.
  
  
  
  A 16% increase in total sleep time was found with the use of zolpidem CR and an increase in stage 3 NREM sleep (slow wave sleep). The apnea hypopnea index (AHI) did not change with zolpidem CR even after controlling for supine position; however, a slight but significant decrease was observed in lowest oxygen saturation compared with baseline and placebo conditions (83.60 ± 5.51; 84.43 ± 3.80; 80.71 ± 5.18, P = 0.002).
  
  
  
  Zolpidem CR improved sleep structure in patients with heart failure, did not change apnea hypopnea index, but slightly decreased lowest oxygen saturation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychobiology, Sleep Division, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rodrigo C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Gatti
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychobiology, Sleep Division, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Patrick R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Burke
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychobiology, Sleep Division, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Leonardo J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Otuyama
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Cardiology Division, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Dirceu R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Almeida
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychobiology, Sleep Division, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Sergio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tufik
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychobiology, Sleep Division, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Dalva
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Poyares
mesh_terms: D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017286:Polysomnography; D011725:Pyridines / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012119:Respiration / Q000187:drug effects*; D012890:Sleep / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D007319:Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy; D016683:Supine Position; D013997:Time Factors; D000077334:Zolpidem
chemical_list: D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives; D011725:Pyridines; D000077334:Zolpidem
keywords: heart failure; polysomnography; sleep; zolpidem CR