title: Early clearance of Chikungunya virus in children is associated with a strong innate immune response.
abstract: Chikungunya fever (CHIKF) is a global infectious disease which can affect a wide range of age groups. The pathological and immunological response upon Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infection have been reported over the last few years. However, the clinical profile and immune response upon CHIKV infection in children remain largely unknown. In this study, we analyzed the clinical and immunological response, focusing on the cytokine/chemokine profile in a CHIKV-infected pediatric cohort from Sarawak, Malaysia. Unique immune mediators triggered upon CHIKV infection were identified through meta-analysis of the immune signatures between this pediatric group and cohorts from previous outbreaks. The data generated from this study revealed that a broad spectrum of cytokines/chemokines is up-regulated in a sub-group of virus-infected children stratified according to their viremic status during hospitalization. Furthermore, different immune mediator profiles (the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines and growth and other factors) were observed between children and adults. This study gives an important insight to understand the immune response of CHIKV infection in children and would aid in the development of better prognostics and clinical management for children.
authors.affiliation: Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 138648, Singapore.
authors.forename: Diane
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Simarmata
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatrics, Sarawak General Hospital, Kuching 93587, Sarawak, Malaysia.
authors.forename: David Chun Ern
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Ng
authors.affiliation: Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 138648, Singapore.
authors.forename: Yiu-Wing
authors.initials: YW
authors.lastname: Kam
authors.affiliation: Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 138648, Singapore.
authors.forename: Bernett
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Institute of Health &Community Medicine, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak (UNIMAS), Kota Samarahan 94300, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Magdline Sia Henry
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Sum
authors.affiliation: Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 138648, Singapore.
authors.forename: Zhisheng
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Her
authors.affiliation: Institute of Infectious Disease and Epidemiology (IIDE), Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore 308433, Singapore.
authors.forename: Angela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chow
authors.affiliation: Institute of Infectious Disease and Epidemiology (IIDE), Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore 308433, Singapore.
authors.forename: Yee-Sin
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Leo
authors.affiliation: Institute of Health &Community Medicine, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak (UNIMAS), Kota Samarahan 94300, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Jane
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cardosa
authors.affiliation: Institute of Health &Community Medicine, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak (UNIMAS), Kota Samarahan 94300, Malaysia.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Perera
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatrics, Sarawak General Hospital, Kuching 93587, Sarawak, Malaysia.|Institute of Health &Community Medicine, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak (UNIMAS), Kota Samarahan 94300, Malaysia.|Department of Paediatrics, Sibu Hospital, Sibu 96000, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Mong H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Ooi
authors.affiliation: Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 138648, Singapore.
authors.forename: Lisa F P
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Ng
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D065632:Chikungunya Fever / Q000276:immunology*; D002646:Chikungunya virus / Q000502:physiology*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015331:Cohort Studies; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D007223:Infant; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D008296:Malaysia; D008297:Male; D019562:Viral Load; D014766:Viremia / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins