title: Molecular detection of Anaplasma platys, Ehrlichia canis, Hepatozoon canis and Rickettsia monacensis in dogs from Maio Island of Cape Verde archipelago.
abstract: Tick-borne diseases are emerging worldwide and have an important zoonotic relevance. Dogs play an important role in the epidemiology of several zoonotic tick-borne pathogens acting as sentinels and/or reservoirs. This study focused on the molecular identification of tick-borne pathogens in blood samples of 153 autochthonous asymptomatic dogs in Maio Island, Cape Verde archipelago. Eighty-four (54.9%) dogs were positive for one or more pathogens. Fifty-five (35.9%) dogs were infected with Hepatozoon canis, 53 (34.6%) with Anaplasma platys, five (3.3%) with Ehrlichia canis and Rickettsia monacensis, an emerging human pathogen, was also identified in a single dog (0.7%). The former three pathogens cause important canine tick-borne diseases that are transmitted or potentially transmitted by Rhipicephalus sanguineus s.l., the only hard tick identified in Cape Verde. Furthermore, Wolbachia spp. was amplified from the blood of one dog. None of the dogs were positive for Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, Midichloria mitochondrii, Bartonella spp., Babesia spp. or Theileria spp. Fifty-four (35.3%) animals showed single infections and 30 (19.6%) co-infections, with A. platys and H. canis co-infection being the most frequent (28 dogs, 18.3%). The frequency of E. canis infection was statistically different among age groups (P=0.017), being higher among dogs older than 4 years compared to younger dogs. Infection by A. platys was also statistically different among age groups (P=0.031), being higher in dogs younger than 2 years compared to older dogs. The statistical analyses showed no significant association of PCR positivity with gender or location. The frequency of tick-borne pathogens detected in dogs in Maio Island, including R. monacensis, highlights the need to improve diagnosis and control in order to prevent the risk of transmission of these pathogens among dogs and humans living in or travelling to this touristic island.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Science and Public Health, University of Milan, Via Celoria 10, 20133 Milan, Italy. Electronic address: stefania.lauzi@unimi.it.
authors.forename: Stefania
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lauzi
authors.affiliation: CIBIO Research Centre in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, InBIO, Universidade do Porto, Campus Agrário de Vairão, Rua Padre Armando Quintas, N° 7, 4485-661 Vairão, Vila do Conde, Portugal; Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre FC4 4169-007 Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: João P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Maia
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Science and Public Health, University of Milan, Via Celoria 10, 20133 Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Epis
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: Ricardo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Marcos
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pereira
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Science and Public Health, University of Milan, Via Celoria 10, 20133 Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Camilla
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Luzzago
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: Pablo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Puente-Payo
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Science and Public Health, University of Milan, Via Celoria 10, 20133 Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Alessia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Giordano
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Science and Public Health, University of Milan, Via Celoria 10, 20133 Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Massimo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pajoro
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Science and Public Health, University of Milan, Via Celoria 10, 20133 Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sironi
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: Augusto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Faustino
mesh_terms: D000709:Anaplasma / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D000712:Anaplasmosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D000818:Animals; D055726:Cabo Verde / Q000453:epidemiology; D003048:Coccidiosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D060085:Coinfection / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000662:veterinary; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000635:transmission; D004285:Dogs; D041061:Ehrlichia canis / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D016873:Ehrlichiosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D016783:Eucoccidiida / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012281:Rickettsia / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D012282:Rickettsia Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D017282:Tick-Borne Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000635:transmission; D020577:Wolbachia / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification
keywords: Anaplasmosis; Ehrlichiosis; Hepatozoonosis; Rickettsiosis; Tick-borne diseases; Wolbachia