title: NADPH oxidases: new actors in thyroid cancer?
abstract: Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is a crucial substrate for thyroid peroxidase, a key enzyme involved in thyroid hormone synthesis. However, as a potent oxidant, H2O2 might also be responsible for the high level of oxidative DNA damage observed in thyroid tissues, such as DNA base lesions and strand breakages, which promote chromosomal instability and contribute to the development of tumours. Although the role of H2O2 in thyroid hormone synthesis is well established, its precise mechanisms of action in pathological processes are still under investigation. The NADPH oxidase/dual oxidase family are the only oxidoreductases whose primary function is to produce reactive oxygen species. As such, the function and expression of these enzymes are tightly regulated. Thyrocytes express dual oxidase 2, which produces most of the H2O2 for thyroid hormone synthesis. Thyrocytes also express dual oxidase 1 and NADPH oxidase 4, but the roles of these enzymes are still unknown. Here, we review the structure, expression, localization and function of these enzymes. We focus on their potential role in thyroid cancer, which is characterized by increased expression of these enzymes.
authors.affiliation: Institut Gustave Roussy, UMR 8200 CNRS, 114 Rue Edouard Vaillant, Villejuif F-94805, France.|Unité de Biologie et de Recherche Médicale, Centre National de l'Energie, des Sciences et des Techniques Nucléaires, BP 1382, Rabat M-10001, Morocco.
authors.forename: Rabii
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ameziane-El-Hassani
authors.affiliation: Institut Gustave Roussy, UMR 8200 CNRS, 114 Rue Edouard Vaillant, Villejuif F-94805, France.|University Paris-Saclay, Orsay F-91400, France.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schlumberger
authors.affiliation: Institut Gustave Roussy, UMR 8200 CNRS, 114 Rue Edouard Vaillant, Villejuif F-94805, France.|University Paris-Saclay, Orsay F-91400, France.
authors.forename: Corinne
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dupuy
mesh_terms: D063646:Carcinogenesis; D004249:DNA Damage; D006801:Humans; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000378:metabolism*; D007453:Iodide Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D019255:NADPH Oxidases / Q000378:metabolism*; D012307:Risk Factors; D012380:Role; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013961:Thyroid Gland / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D013964:Thyroid Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D007453:Iodide Peroxidase; D019255:NADPH Oxidases