title: Margins in breast conserving surgery: The financial cost & potential savings associated with the new margin guidelines.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In this study, we compare the indications for re-excision, the findings of additional tumor in the re-excision specimen as they relate to margin status, and costs associated with re-excision based on recent new consensus statements.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective analysis was performed on 462 patients with invasive breast carcinoma who underwent at least one lumpectomy between January 2011 and December 2013. Postoperative data was analyzed based on where additional disease was found, as it relates to the margin status of the initial lumpectomy and the additional direct costs associated with additional procedures.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 462 patients sampled, 149 underwent a re-excision surgery (32.2%). Four patients underwent mastectomy as their second operation. In the 40 patients with additional disease found on re-excision, 36 (90.0%) of them had a positive margin on their initial lumpectomy. None of the four mastectomy patients had residual disease. The mean cost of the initial lumpectomy for all 462 patients was $2118.01 plus an additional $1801.92 for those who underwent re-excision.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A positive margin was most predictive of finding residual tumor on re-excision as would be expected. Using old criteria only 0.07% (4/61) of patients who had undergone re-excision with a 'clear' margin, had additional tumor found, at a total cost of $106,354.11. Thus, the new consensus guidelines will lead to less overall cost, at no clinical risk to patients while reducing a patient's surgical risk and essentially eliminating delays in adjuvant care.
authors.affiliation: Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Rochester, MI, USA.
authors.forename: Lauren
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Singer
authors.affiliation: Beaumont Cancer Institute, Beaumont Hospital, Troy, MI, USA.
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.affiliation: Beaumont Cancer Institute, Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, MI, USA. Electronic address: Thomas.Lanni@beaumont.edu.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lanni
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D018270:Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D018275:Carcinoma, Lobular / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015412:Mastectomy, Segmental / Q000191:economics* / Q000379:methods*; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D018365:Neoplasm, Residual; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D012086:Reoperation / Q000191:economics*; D012189:Retrospective Studies
keywords: Breast cancer; Cost; Re-excision