title: Up-regulation of milk secretion with modified microclimate through manipulating plasminogen-plasmin system in Murrah buffaloes during hot dry season.
abstract: The present study was aimed at determining changes in milk yield and composition along with the plasminogen-plasmin system of milk, plasma hormones, and metabolites of buffaloes during hot dry season (air temperature range 39.7 to 44.8 °C) under two different management systems. Buffaloes were divided in two groups of six animals each: control and treatment, where treatment group animals accessed benefit of mist and fan cooling from 9:30 a.m. to 5:00 p.m., while control group animals were devoid of it. Duration of experiment was 6 weeks. Under mist and fan cooling system, buffaloes experienced better comfort by alleviating environmental stress as their physiological responses such as rectal temperature, respiration rate, pulse rate, and forehead and middorsal temperatures were significantly (P < 0.05) reduced compared to control, which subsequently resulted higher milk yield by 4.44 % (P < 0.001). Analysis of milk samples revealed higher concentration of plasminogen (7.99 vs 6.27 μg/ml; P < 0.01) and β-casein (1.09 vs 0.92 g/dl; P < 0.001) and lower plasmin level (0.178 vs 0.194 μg/ml; P < 0.05) in buffaloes under the treatment group compared to that under the control. Plasma glucose level was higher (P < 0.001) by 21.08 %, whereas cortisol, norepinephrine, and NEFA levels were lower (P < 0.001) by 19.19, 15.38, and 11.41 %, respectively, in treatment animals. However, exposure of buffaloes to cooling system did not alter composition and calcium content of milk, GH, and epinephrine level in plasma. Hence, it may be concluded that provision of cooling system during summer was effective to minimize environmental stress and improve milk production by manipulation of the PG-PL system in buffaloes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, SDAU, SK Nagar, Gujarat, India. haquenilufar@gmail.com.|Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Sciences and AH, SDAU, Dantiwada, Banaskantha, Gujarat, 385505, India. haquenilufar@gmail.com.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Haque
authors.affiliation: Dairy Cattle Physiology Division, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.affiliation: National Dairy Development Board, Anand, Gujarat, India.
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Hossain
mesh_terms: D000389:Air Conditioning; D000818:Animals; D001831:Body Temperature; D002020:Buffaloes / Q000502:physiology; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D002364:Caseins / Q000378:metabolism; D004435:Eating; D004837:Epinephrine / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005341:Fibrinolysin / Q000378:metabolism*; D006358:Hot Temperature; D006813:Humidity; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000097:blood; D007774:Lactation; D008834:Microclimate; D008892:Milk / Q000378:metabolism*; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000097:blood; D010958:Plasminogen / Q000378:metabolism*; D056152:Respiratory Rate; D012621:Seasons; D013312:Stress, Physiological; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D002364:Caseins; D010958:Plasminogen; D005341:Fibrinolysin; D002118:Calcium; D006854:Hydrocortisone; D009638:Norepinephrine; D004837:Epinephrine
keywords: Blood metabolite; Cooling system; Heat stress; Milk; Murrah buffalo; Plasmin; Plasminogen