title: Oestrogens and oestrogen receptors in prostate cancer.
abstract: The role of androgens in prostate cancer is obvious due to the fact that androgen signalling is the main regulator of prostate growth and function. Androgen deprivation therapy is a mainstay treatment for advanced prostate cancer. However, prostate cancer often becomes androgen-independent, which in consequence leads to lethal and incurable disease. In addition, oestrogens play a crucial role in prostate cancer, especially in elder men in whom the overall ratio of oestrogens to androgens is increasing. This review summarizes the current knowledge on molecular mechanisms through which oestrogens are involved in prostate cancer development. We focused on commonly alternated molecular signalling pathways contributing to tumourgenesis in prostate cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Comparative Endocrinology, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences and Postgraduate Training, Medical University of Lodz, Zeligowskiego 7/9, 90-752 Lodz, Poland.
authors.forename: Karolina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kowalska
authors.affiliation: Department of Comparative Endocrinology, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences and Postgraduate Training, Medical University of Lodz, Zeligowskiego 7/9, 90-752 Lodz, Poland.
authors.forename: Agnieszka Wanda
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Piastowska-Ciesielska
keywords: Oestrogen; Oestrogen receptor α; Oestrogen receptor β; Prostate cancer