title: Angiotensin II is related to the acute aortic dissection complicated with lung injury through mediating the release of MMP9 from macrophages.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Acute aortic dissection (AAD) patients usually show concurrent lung injury mainly featured by hyoxemia. To date, no effective treatment method has been established for the AAD complicated with acute lung injury (ALI). Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), especially MMP2 and MMP9, have been considered to be closely related to the onset of aortic disease including AAD. To investigate the roles of MMP in the pathogenesis of AAD complicated with ALI, we determined the expression of MMP2 and MMP9 in serum and lung tissues of AAD patients. In addition, a new rat model of AAD complicated with ALI was established to investigate the pathogenesis of such complicated conditions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Angiotensin II (Ang II) and MMP9 were up-regulated in the AAD complicated with ALI patients compared to those of the AAD without ALI patients, normal individuals and the patients with non-ruptured aneurysm. Besides, massive macrophages with MMP9 expression was noticed in the lung tissues in the AAD complicated with ALI patients. On this basis, AAD complicated with ALI rat model was established based on BAPN feeding and infusion of Ang II. Obvious lung injury was observed in the BAPN+Ang II group compared to that of the BAPN group, together with macrophage accumulation in lung tissues, as well as over-expression of MMP9 in lung tissues. After interference of MMP antagonist, a large number of macrophages were still accumulated in the lung tissues, but the lung injury was obviously attenuated. After the interference of AT1 receptor, the number of macrophages in the lung tissues was obviously decreased and the lung injury was obviously relieved.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ang II is closely related to the lung injury at the early stage of AAD through mediating the release of MMP9 in the macrophages in the lung tissues.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Wuhan University Renmin Hospital Wuhan 430060, China.
authors.forename: Zhiyong
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Wuhan University Renmin Hospital Wuhan 430060, China.
authors.forename: Yongle
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ruan
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Wuhan University Renmin Hospital Wuhan 430060, China.
authors.forename: Jinxing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Wuhan University Renmin Hospital Wuhan 430060, China.
authors.forename: Bowen
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Wuhan University Renmin Hospital Wuhan 430060, China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Ren
keywords: Acute aortic dissection; MMP9; animal model; lung injury