title: Bacterial Diversity and Community Structure in Korean Ginseng Field Soil Are Shifted by Cultivation Time.
abstract: Traditional molecular methods have been used to examine bacterial communities in ginseng-cultivated soil samples in a time-dependent manner. Despite these efforts, our understanding of the bacterial community is still inadequate. Therefore, in this study, a high-throughput sequencing approach was employed to investigate bacterial diversity in various ginseng field soil samples over cultivation times of 2, 4, and 6 years in the first and second rounds of cultivation. We used non-cultivated soil samples to perform a comparative study. Moreover, this study assessed changes in the bacterial community associated with soil depth and the health state of the ginseng. Bacterial richness decreased through years of cultivation. This study detected differences in relative abundance of bacterial populations between the first and second rounds of cultivation, years of cultivation, and health states of ginseng. These bacterial populations were mainly distributed in the classes Acidobacteria, Alphaproteobacteria, Deltaproteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, and Sphingobacteria. In addition, we found that pH, available phosphorus, and exchangeable Ca+ seemed to have high correlations with bacterial class in ginseng cultivated soil.
authors.affiliation: Korean Ginseng Center and Ginseng Genetic Resource Bank, Kyung-Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Ngoc-Lan
authors.initials: NL
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.affiliation: Korean Ginseng Center and Ginseng Genetic Resource Bank, Kyung-Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Yeon-Ju
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Korean Ginseng Center and Ginseng Genetic Resource Bank, Kyung-Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Van-An
authors.initials: VA
authors.lastname: Hoang
authors.affiliation: Korean Ginseng Center and Ginseng Genetic Resource Bank, Kyung-Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Sathiyamoorthy
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Subramaniyam
authors.affiliation: Korean Ginseng Center and Ginseng Genetic Resource Bank, Kyung-Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jong-Pyo
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.affiliation: Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, JinJu-si, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Chang Ho
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.affiliation: Korean Ginseng Center and Ginseng Genetic Resource Bank, Kyung-Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea.|Graduation of Biotechnology, Kyung-Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Deok-Chun
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D000383:Agriculture; D001419:Bacteria / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics; D044822:Biodiversity; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D017753:Ecosystem; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D005894:Panax / Q000254:growth & development; D010802:Phylogeny; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics; D056910:Republic of Korea; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry; D012988:Soil Microbiology; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; D012987:Soil