title: Spatial Mapping in the Rat Olfactory Bulb by Odor and Direct Electrical Stimulation.
abstract: To directly measure the spatial mapping in the olfactory bulb by odor presentation and by direct electrical stimulation.
  
  
  
  Experimental (animal).
  
  
  
  University research laboratory.
  
  
  
  Odor (n = 8) and electrical stimulation (n = 4) of the olfactory bulb in rats were used to demonstrate the spatial mapping of neural responses in the olfactory bulb. Both multiunit responses to odor stimulation and evoked potential responses to localized electrical stimulation were measured in different regions of the olfactory bulb.
  
  
  
  Responses that were recorded simultaneously from an array of 32 electrodes positioned at different locations within the olfactory bulb were mapped. Results show different spatial patterns of neural activity for different odors (odor maps). Direct stimulation of the olfactory bulb with electrical current pulses from electrodes positioned at different locations was also effective in generating spatial patterns of neural activity.
  
  
  
  These data suggest that by programming an array of stimulating electrodes, it should be possible to selectively activate different regions of the olfactory bulb, generating unique patterns of neural activity as seen in normal smell.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA dcoelho@vcu.edu.
authors.forename: Daniel H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Coelho
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA.
authors.forename: Richard M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Costanzo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001931:Brain Mapping / Q000379:methods*; D004558:Electric Stimulation / Q000379:methods*; D009812:Odorants; D009830:Olfactory Bulb / Q000502:physiology*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012903:Smell / Q000502:physiology*
keywords: anosmia; electrical; electrode array; implant; olfactory bulb; smell; spatial mapping; stimulation