title: Validity and Reliability of Spine Rasterstereography in Patients With Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis.
abstract: METHODS
  Test-retest study.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed to evaluate the validity and reliability of rasterstereography in patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) with a major curve Cobb angle (CA) between 10° and 40° for frontal, sagittal, and transverse parameters.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Previous studies evaluating the validity and reliability of rasterstereography concluded that this technique had good accuracy compared with radiographs and a high intra- and interday reliability in healthy volunteers. To the best of our knowledge, the validity and reliability have not been assessed in AIS patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-five adolescents with AIS (male = 13) aged 13.1 ± 2.0 years were included. To evaluate the validity of the scoliosis angle (SA) provided by rasterstereography, a comparison (t test, Pearson correlation) was performed with the CA obtained using 2D EOS® radiography (XR). Three rasterstereographic repeated measurements were independently performed by two operators on the same day (interrater reliability) and again by the first operator 1 week later (intrarater reliability). The variables of interest were the SA, lumbar lordosis, and thoracic kyphosis angle, trunk length, pelvic obliquity, and maximum, root mean square and amplitude of vertebral rotations. The data analyses used intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The CA and SA were strongly correlated (R = 0.70) and were nonsignificantly different (P = 0.60). The intrarater reliability (same day: ICC [1, 1], n = 35; 1 week later: ICC [1, 3], n = 28) and interrater reliability (ICC [3, 3], n = 16) were globally excellent (ICC > 0.75) except for the assessment of pelvic obliquity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study showed that the rasterstereographic system allows for the evaluation of AIS patients with a good validity compared with XR with an overall excellent intra- and interrater reliability. Based on these results, this automatic, fast, and noninvasive system can be used for monitoring the evolution of AIS in growing patients instead of repetitive radiographs, thereby reducing radiation exposure and decreasing costs.
  
  
  METHODS
  4.
authors.affiliation: Willy Taillard Laboratory of Kinesiology, Geneva University Hospitals and Geneva University.|Pediatric Orthopedics, Children's Hospital, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tabard-Fougère
authors.affiliation: Willy Taillard Laboratory of Kinesiology, Geneva University Hospitals and Geneva University.|Pediatric Orthopedics, Children's Hospital, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.|Division of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals, Faculty of Medicine.
authors.forename: Alice
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bonnefoy-Mazure
authors.affiliation: Unit of Pediatric Radiology, Children's University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Sylviane
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hanquinet
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Orthopedics, Children's Hospital, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lascombes
authors.affiliation: Willy Taillard Laboratory of Kinesiology, Geneva University Hospitals and Geneva University.|Pediatric Orthopedics, Children's Hospital, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.|Division of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals, Faculty of Medicine.
authors.forename: Stéphane
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Armand
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Orthopedics, Children's Hospital, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Romain
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dayer
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods; D007738:Kyphosis / Q000601:surgery; D008141:Lordosis / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D011859:Radiography / Q000379:methods; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012600:Scoliosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D013131:Spine / Q000601:surgery*; D016896:Treatment Outcome