title: Comparison of Serum Apolipoproteins and Traditional Lipids in Eyes with Diabetic Retinopathy in Indian Population: A Case Series.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To review the associations of serum lipoproteins and apolipoproteins with diabetic retinopathy (DR).
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a cross-sectional study of patients of DR. DR was graded according to modified Airlie House Classification system. Traditional serum lipids (total, low-density lipoprotein [LDL], and high-density lipoprotein [HDL] cholesterol and triglycerides [TGs]), apolipoprotein AI (apoAI), apolipoprotein B (apoB), and apoB-to-apoAI ratios were assessed. The analysis of variance test was applied. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant, and P < 0.001 was considered highly significant.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-four patients with DR were evaluated. Serum apoAI was statistically significantly associated with a reduced likelihood of having more severe DR levels (P < 0.001). Increasing levels of apoB (P < 0.001) and apoB-to-apoAI ratio (P < 0.001) were statistically significantly associated with increasing DR severity levels. The association of total (P > 0.05) and LDL cholesterol (P > 0.05) with severity of DR was not statistically significant. HDL cholesterol levels were inversely associated with the severity of DR (P < 0.05). TGs were also statistically significantly associated with the severity of DR (P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Serum apolipoprotein levels may be stronger biomarkers of DR than traditional lipids.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, S.N Medical College, Agra, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Gunjan
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Prakash
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, S.N Medical College, Agra, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Rachit
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Agrawal
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, S.N Medical College, Agra, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Satsangi
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, S.N Medical College, Agra, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Shikha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Prakash
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016632:Apolipoprotein A-I / Q000097:blood*; D001055:Apolipoproteins B / Q000097:blood*; D044466:Asian People; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood*; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003930:Diabetic Retinopathy / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007194:India; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009391:Nephelometry and Turbidimetry; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D016632:Apolipoprotein A-I; D001055:Apolipoproteins B; D001786:Blood Glucose; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D014280:Triglycerides; C517652:hemoglobin A1c protein, human
keywords: Diabetic Retinopathy; Serum Apolipoproteins; Serum Lipids