title: Accuracy of PSA Self-Reports among Low-Income Men with Prostate Cancer after a Public Health Nursing Intervention.
abstract: To examine accuracy of patient-reported prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels among indigent, uninsured men in a state-funded prostate cancer treatment program that provides case management, care coordination, and health education.
  
  
  
  Program evaluation. About 114 men with matched self- and lab-reported PSA levels at program enrollment and another time point within 18 months.
  
  
  
  Abstraction of self- and lab-reported PSA levels to determine self-report as "accurate" or "inaccurate," and evaluate accuracy change over time, before and after nursing interventions. Chi-square tests compared patients with accurate versus inaccurate PSA values. Nonlinear multivariate analyses explored trends in self-reported accuracy over time.
  
  
  
  Program enrollees receive prostate cancer education from a Nurse Case Manager (NCM), including significance of PSA levels. Men self-report PSA results to their NCM following lab draws and appointments. The NCM provides ongoing education about PSA levels.
  
  
  
  Of the sample, 46% (n = 53) accurately reported PSA levels. Accuracy of PSA self-reports improved with increasing time since program enrollment. Compared with men at public facilities, those treated at private facilities showed increasing accuracy in self-reported PSA (p = .038).
  
  
  
  A targeted nursing intervention may increase specific knowledge of PSA levels. Additionally, the provider/treatment setting significantly impacts a patient's disease education and knowledge.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA.
authors.forename: Mary Wassel
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Zavala
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA.
authors.forename: Arthur
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yule
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA.
authors.forename: Lorna
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kwan
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA.
authors.forename: Sylvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lambrechts
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA.|UCLA School of Nursing, Los Angeles, CA.
authors.forename: Sally L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Maliski
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA.|UCLA School of Nursing, Los Angeles, CA.|Department of Health Policy and Management, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA.
authors.forename: Mark S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Litwin
mesh_terms: D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D017057:Medically Uninsured; D008875:Middle Aged; D015403:Nursing Evaluation Research; D011203:Poverty; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000451:nursing*; D011637:Public Health Nursing; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D057566:Self Report
chemical_list: D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen
keywords: cancer; health literacy; men's health; public health nursing practice; underserved populations