title: Histone deacetylase inhibition regulates miR-449a levels in skeletal muscle cells.
abstract: microRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that regulate cellular processes by fine-tuning the levels of their target mRNAs. However, the regulatory elements determining cellular miRNA levels are not well studied. Previously, we had described an altered miRNA signature in the skeletal muscle of db/db mice. Here, we sought to explore the role of epigenetic mechanisms in altering these miRNAs. We show that histone deacetylase (HDAC) protein levels and activity are upregulated in the skeletal muscle of diabetic mice. In C2C12 cells, HDAC inhibition using suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) altered the levels of 24 miRNAs: 15 were downregulated and 9 were upregulated. miR-449a, an intronic miRNA localized within the Cdc20b gene, while being downregulated in the skeletal muscle of diabetic mice, was the most highly upregulated during HDAC inhibition. The host gene, Cdc20b, was also significantly upregulated during HDAC inhibition. Bioinformatics analyses identified a common promoter for both Cdc20b and miR-449a that harbors significant histone acetylation marks, suggesting the possibility of regulation by histone acetylation-deacetylation. These observations suggest an inverse correlation between miR-449a levels and HDAC activity, in both SAHA-treated skeletal muscle cells and db/db mice skeletal muscle. Further, in SAHA-treated C2C12 cells, we observed augmented occupancy of acetylated histones on the Cdc20b/miR-449a promoter, which possibly promotes their upregulation. In vivo injection of SAHA to db/db mice significantly restored skeletal muscle miR-449a levels. Our results provide insights into the potential regulatory role of epigenetic histone acetylation of the miR-449a promoter that may regulate its expression in the diabetic skeletal muscle.
authors.affiliation: a CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology , Delhi , India.|b AcSIR , Training and Development Complex, CSIR Campus , Taramani, Chennai , India.
authors.forename: Shagun
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Poddar
authors.affiliation: a CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology , Delhi , India.|b AcSIR , Training and Development Complex, CSIR Campus , Taramani, Chennai , India.
authors.forename: Devesh
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kesharwani
authors.affiliation: a CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology , Delhi , India.|b AcSIR , Training and Development Complex, CSIR Campus , Taramani, Chennai , India.
authors.forename: Malabika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Datta
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000818:Animals; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D064199:Cdc20 Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D002460:Cell Line; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D044127:Epigenesis, Genetic; D056572:Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D006655:Histone Deacetylases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D006877:Hydroxamic Acids / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D064199:Cdc20 Proteins; C577491:Cdc20 protein, mouse; D056572:Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors; D006877:Hydroxamic Acids; D035683:MicroRNAs; C538721:Mirn449 microRNA, mouse; C528828:suberoyl bis-hydroxamic acid; D006655:Histone Deacetylases
keywords: Diabetes; epigenetics; histone; miRNA; skeletal muscle