title: A saturated SNP linkage map for the orange wheat blossom midge resistance gene Sm1.
abstract: SNP markers were developed for the OWBM resistance gene Sm1 that will be useful for MAS. The wheat Sm1 region is collinear with an inverted syntenic interval in B. distachyon. Orange wheat blossom midge (OWBM, Sitodiplosis mosellana Géhin) is an important insect pest of wheat (Triticum aestivum) in many growing regions. Sm1 is the only described OWBM resistance gene and is the foundation of managing OWBM through host genetics. Sm1 was previously mapped to wheat chromosome arm 2BS relative to simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers and the dominant, sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR) marker WM1. The objectives of this research were to saturate the Sm1 region with markers, develop improved markers for marker-assisted selection (MAS), and examine the synteny between wheat, Brachypodium distachyon, and rice (Oryza sativa) in the Sm1 region. The present study mapped Sm1 in four populations relative to single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), SSRs, Diversity Array Technology (DArT) markers, single strand conformation polymorphisms (SSCPs), and the SCAR WM1. Numerous high quality SNP assays were designed that mapped near Sm1. BLAST delineated the syntenic intervals in B. distachyon and rice using gene-based SNPs as query sequences. The Sm1 region in wheat was inverted relative to B. distachyon and rice, which suggests a chromosomal rearrangement within the Triticeae lineage. Seven SNPs were tested on a collection of wheat lines known to carry Sm1 and not to carry Sm1. Sm1-flanking SNPs were identified that were useful for predicting the presence or absence of Sm1 based upon haplotype. These SNPs will be a major improvement for MAS of Sm1 in wheat breeding programs.
authors.affiliation: Morden Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 101 Route 100, Morden, MB, R6M 1Y5, Canada.|National Research Council, 110 Gymnasium Place, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 0W9, Canada.
authors.forename: Mulualem T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Kassa
authors.affiliation: Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Resistance Research and Stress Tolerance, Julius Kuehn-Institute (JKI), Erwin-Baur-Str. 27, 06484, Quedlinburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Sabrina
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Haas
authors.affiliation: Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Resistance Research and Stress Tolerance, Julius Kuehn-Institute (JKI), Erwin-Baur-Str. 27, 06484, Quedlinburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Edgar
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Schliephake
authors.affiliation: John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK.
authors.forename: Clare
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lewis
authors.affiliation: Morden Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 101 Route 100, Morden, MB, R6M 1Y5, Canada.
authors.forename: Frank M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: You
authors.affiliation: Crop Development Centre, University of Saskatchewan, 51 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5A8, Canada.
authors.forename: Curtis J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Pozniak
authors.affiliation: Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Resistance Research and Stress Tolerance, Julius Kuehn-Institute (JKI), Erwin-Baur-Str. 27, 06484, Quedlinburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Ilona
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Krämer
authors.affiliation: Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Resistance Research and Stress Tolerance, Julius Kuehn-Institute (JKI), Erwin-Baur-Str. 27, 06484, Quedlinburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Dragan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Perovic
authors.affiliation: National Research Council, 110 Gymnasium Place, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 0W9, Canada.
authors.forename: Andrew G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Sharpe
authors.affiliation: National Research Council, 110 Gymnasium Place, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 0W9, Canada.
authors.forename: Pierre R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Fobert
authors.affiliation: Deutsche Saatveredelung AG (DSV), Lippstadt, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Koch
authors.affiliation: Morden Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 101 Route 100, Morden, MB, R6M 1Y5, Canada.
authors.forename: Ian L
authors.initials: IL
authors.lastname: Wise
authors.affiliation: Limagrain UK Ltd, Rothwell, UK.
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Fenwick
authors.affiliation: Limagrain UK Ltd, Rothwell, UK.
authors.forename: Simon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Berry
authors.affiliation: John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK.
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Simmonds
authors.affiliation: Arvalis, Institut du Végétal. 6 chemin de la Côte Vieille, 31450, Baziege, France.
authors.forename: Delphine
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hourcade
authors.affiliation: Syngenta France, Ferme de Moyencourt, 78910, Orgerus, France.
authors.forename: Patrice
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Senellart
authors.affiliation: RAGT 2n, Rout e d'Epincy, 28150, Louville la Chenard, France.
authors.forename: Laure
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Duchalais
authors.affiliation: Bioplante Florimond Desprez, BP41, 59242, Cappelle en Pévèle, France.
authors.forename: Olivier
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Robert
authors.affiliation: Saaten-Union Biotec GmbH, Leopoldshoehe, Germany.
authors.forename: Jutta
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Förster
authors.affiliation: Morden Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 101 Route 100, Morden, MB, R6M 1Y5, Canada.
authors.forename: Julian B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Breeding, Research Center for BioSystems, Land Use and Nutrition (IFZ), Giessen University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392, Giessen, Germany.
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Friedt
authors.affiliation: Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Resistance Research and Stress Tolerance, Julius Kuehn-Institute (JKI), Erwin-Baur-Str. 27, 06484, Quedlinburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ordon
authors.affiliation: John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK.
authors.forename: Cristobal
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Uauy
authors.affiliation: Morden Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 101 Route 100, Morden, MB, R6M 1Y5, Canada. curt.mccartney@agr.gc.ca.
authors.forename: Curt A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: McCartney
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D058431:Brachypodium / Q000235:genetics; D002683:Chironomidae; D002874:Chromosome Mapping; D018744:DNA, Plant / Q000235:genetics; D017343:Genes, Plant; D008040:Genetic Linkage; D005819:Genetic Markers; D006239:Haplotypes; D012275:Oryza / Q000235:genetics; D010641:Phenotype; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D026801:Synteny; D014908:Triticum / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D018744:DNA, Plant; D005819:Genetic Markers