title: Bilateral spontaneous chylothorax after severe vomiting in children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report the case of a child with bilateral chylothorax due to infrequent etiology: thoracic duct injury after severe vomiting.
  
  
  METHODS
  Girl, 7 years old, with chronic facial swelling started after hyperemesis. During examination, she also presented with bilateral pleural effusion, with chylous fluid obtained during thoracentesis. After extensive clinical, laboratory, and radiological investigation of the chylothorax etiology, it was found to be secondary to thoracic duct injury by the increased intrathoracic pressure caused by the initial manifestation of vomiting, supported by lymphoscintigraphy findings.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Except for the neonatal period, chylothorax is an infrequent finding of pleural effusion in children. There are various causes, including trauma, malignancy, infection, and inflammatory diseases; however, the etiology described in this study is poorly reported in the literature.
authors.affiliation: Hospital de Clínicas da Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, SP, Brasil. Electronic address: antoniollrodrigues@yahoo.com.br.
authors.forename: Antonio Lucas Lima
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Rodrigues
authors.affiliation: Faculdade de Ciências Médicas da Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, SP, Brasil.
authors.forename: Mariana Tresoldi das Neves
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Romaneli
authors.affiliation: Faculdade de Ciências Médicas da Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, SP, Brasil.
authors.forename: Celso Dario
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Ramos
authors.affiliation: Faculdade de Ciências Médicas da Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, SP, Brasil.
authors.forename: Andrea de Melo Alexandre
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Fraga
authors.affiliation: Faculdade de Ciências Médicas da Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, SP, Brasil.
authors.forename: Ricardo Mendes
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Pereira
authors.affiliation: Faculdade de Ciências Médicas da Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, SP, Brasil.
authors.forename: Simone
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Appenzeller
authors.affiliation: Faculdade de Ciências Médicas da Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, SP, Brasil.
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Marini
authors.affiliation: Faculdade de Ciências Médicas da Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, SP, Brasil.
authors.forename: Antonia Teresinha
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Tresoldi
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002916:Chylothorax / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D014839:Vomiting / Q000150:complications*
keywords: Child; Chylothorax; Cintilografia; Criança; Ducto torácico; Quilotórax; Scintigraphy; Thoracic duct; Vomiting; Vômito