title: Clinical performance during 48 months of two current glass ionomer restorative systems with coatings: a randomized clinical trial in the field.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study was carried out as a prospective clinical field study with the aim of evaluating the clinical performance of Equia Fil® with a nanofilled resin coating and the conventional Fuji IX GP® fast with an LC coating according to the World Dental Federation (FDI) restoration material evaluation criteria.
  
  
  METHODS
  The clinical performance of Equia Fil® and Fuji IX GP® fast was evaluated on permanent posterior teeth of 643 adult patients aged between 20 to 80 years old in randomly selected clinics across Germany. Occlusal cavities in posterior permanent teeth were restored with Equia Fil® with a nanofilled, light-cured resin coating (n = 515) and Fuji IX GP® fast with an LC coating (n = 486). Direct clinical assessment as well as photographic assessment and assessment of stone casts of the restorations were made at 1 year, 2 years, 3 years, and 4 years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 4 years, a total of 1001 fillings from both materials were placed by 111 dentists in 643 patients. Random slope models showed that the Equia filling system had overall lower odds of obtaining a delta event (material needs replacement) in comparison to Fuji IX GP® fast with an LC coating within all models. In both materials, filling size/surface was the most important component affecting the clinical performance of the materials. When measuring the odds of obtaining a delta event (material needs replacement), the odds ratios jumped to approximately 43 and 296 times for class II (two surfaces) and class II mesial-occlusal-distal (three surfaces) respectively in comparison to class I fillings.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Both materials showed similar good overall performance in class I cavities; however, when including numbers from both class I and II fillings, the Equia system with a nanofilled resin coating showed better overall performance with fewer failures in all the follow-up intervals. Nonetheless, the percentage of unsatisfactory to poor fillings according to the FDI criteria was relatively high in two-surface class II fillings and higher in three-surface class II fillings for both materials.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Deutsches Register Klinischer Studien (German Clinical Trials Register): DRKS00004220. ( www.germanctr.de ). Registration date: 6 Sept 2012.
authors.affiliation: Polyclinic of Prosthodontics and Biomaterials, Greifswald University, Rotgerberstr. 8, Greifswald, 17475, Germany.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Klinke
authors.affiliation: Polyclinic of Prosthodontics and Biomaterials, Greifswald University, Rotgerberstr. 8, Greifswald, 17475, Germany. daboula@uni-greifswald.de.
authors.forename: Amro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Daboul
authors.affiliation: Polyclinic of Prosthodontics and Biomaterials, Greifswald University, Rotgerberstr. 8, Greifswald, 17475, Germany.
authors.forename: Anita
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Turek
authors.affiliation: Conservative Dentistry Department, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Roland
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Frankenberger
authors.affiliation: Policlinics for Restorative Dentistry and Periodontology, University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Reinhard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hickel
authors.affiliation: Polyclinic of Prosthodontics and Biomaterials, Greifswald University, Rotgerberstr. 8, Greifswald, 17475, Germany.
authors.forename: Reiner
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Biffar
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003731:Dental Caries / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy*; D019554:Dental Restoration Wear; D003793:Dental Restoration, Permanent / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D005858:Germany; D005899:Glass Ionomer Cements / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D003765:Models, Dental; D010781:Photography; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013499:Surface Properties; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: C439808:Fuji IX GP Fast; D005899:Glass Ionomer Cements
keywords: Dental restoration; Glass ionomer; Multi-center study; Permanent; Practice-based network