title: [Active ageing and success: A brief history of conceptual models].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this paper is to analyse and describe different conceptual models of successful ageing, active and healthy ageing developed in Europe and in America in the 20° century, starting from Rowe and Kahn's original model (1987, 1997).
  
  
  METHODS
  A narrative review was conducted on the literature on successful ageing.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Our review included definition of successful ageing from European and American scholars. Models were found that aimed to describe indexes of active and healthy ageing, models devoted to describe processes involved in successful ageing, and additional views that emphasise subjective and objective perception of successful ageing. A description is also given of critiques on previous models and remedies according to Martin et al. (2014) and strategies for successful ageing according to Jeste and Depp (2014). The need is discussed for the enhancement of Rowe and Kahn's model and other models with a more inclusive, universal description of ageing, incorporating scientific evidence regarding active ageing.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pedagogy, Psychology, Philosophy, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy. Electronic address: drpetretto@unica.it.
authors.forename: Donatella Rita
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Petretto
authors.affiliation: Comunità Mondiale della Longevità, Italy.
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pili
authors.affiliation: Department of Pedagogy, Psychology, Philosophy, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.
authors.forename: Luca
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gaviano
authors.affiliation: Department of Pedagogy, Psychology, Philosophy, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Matos López
authors.affiliation: Department of Pedagogy, Psychology, Philosophy, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.
authors.forename: Carlo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zuddas
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000368:Aged; D000375:Aging; D005060:Europe; D006801:Humans; D008962:Models, Theoretical
keywords: Active ageing; Envejecimiento activo; Envejecimiento con éxito; Envejecimiento positivo; Envejecimiento saludable; Healthy ageing; Modelo de Rowe y Kahn; Positive ageing; Rowe and Kahn Model; Successful ageing