title: Peramivir Phosphonate Derivatives as Influenza Neuraminidase Inhibitors.
abstract: Peramivir is a potent neuraminidase (NA) inhibitor for treatment of influenza infection by intravenous administration. By replacing the carboxylate group in peramivir with a phosphonate group, phosphono-peramivir (6a), the dehydration and deoxy derivatives (7a and 8a) as well as their corresponding monoalkyl esters are prepared from a pivotal intermediate epoxide 12. Among these phosphonate compounds, the dehydration derivative 7a that has a relatively rigid cyclopentene core structure exhibits the strongest inhibitory activity (IC50 = 0.3-4.1 nM) against several NAs of wild-type human and avian influenza viruses (H1N1, H3N2, H5N1, and H7N9), although the phosphonate congener 6a is unexpectedly less active than peramivir. The inferior binding affinity of 6a is attributable to the deviated orientations of its phosphonic acid and 3-pentyl groups in the NA active site as inferred from the NMR, X-ray diffraction, and molecular modeling analyses. Compound 7a is active to the oseltamivir-resistant H275Y strains of H1N1 and H5N1 viruses (IC50 = 73-86 nM). The phosphonate monoalkyl esters (6b, 6c, 7b, 7c, 8b, and 8c) are better anti-influenza agents (EC50 = 19-89 nM) than their corresponding phosphonic acids (EC50 = 50-343 nM) in protection of cells from the viral infection. The phosphonate monoalkyl esters are stable in buffer solutions (pH 2.0-7.4) and rabbit serum; furthermore, the alkyl group is possibly tuned to attain the desired pharmacokinetic properties.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University , 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 106, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Peng-Cheng
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University , 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 106, Taiwan.|The Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica , Taipei, 115, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Jim-Min
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.affiliation: National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Health and Welfare , Taipei, 112, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Keng-Chang
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Tsai
authors.affiliation: The Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica , Taipei, 115, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Shi-Yun
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: The Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica , Taipei, 115, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Wen-I
authors.initials: WI
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: The Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica , Taipei, 115, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yin-Chen
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Tseng
authors.affiliation: The Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica , Taipei, 115, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yih-Shyun E
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: The Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica , Taipei, 115, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Ting-Jen Rachel
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: The Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica , Taipei, 115, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chi-Huey
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Wong
mesh_terms: D000146:Acids, Carbocyclic; D000818:Animals; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003517:Cyclopentanes / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006146:Guanidines / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D007251:Influenza, Human / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000201:enzymology*; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D008958:Models, Molecular; D015394:Molecular Structure; D009439:Neuraminidase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D011817:Rabbits; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship
chemical_list: D000146:Acids, Carbocyclic; D000998:Antiviral Agents; D003517:Cyclopentanes; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D006146:Guanidines; D009439:Neuraminidase; C414210:peramivir