title: The Late Endosome and Its Lipid BMP Act as Gateways for Efficient Cytosolic Access of the Delivery Agent dfTAT and Its Macromolecular Cargos.
abstract: Endosomal entrapment is a severely limiting bottleneck in the delivery of biologics into cells. The compound dfTAT was recently found to circumvent this problem by mediating endosomal leakage efficiently and without toxicity. Herein, we report on the mechanism of endosomal escape of this cell-penetrating peptide. By modulating the trafficking of the peptide within the endocytic pathway, we identify late endosomes as the organelles rendered leaky by dfTAT. We establish that dfTAT binds bis(monoacylglycero)phosphate (BMP), a lipid found in late endosomes, and that the peptide causes the fusion and leakage of bilayers containing BMP. Together, these data identify late endosomes as desirable gateways for cell penetration and BMP as a cellular factor that can be exploited for the development of future delivery agents.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, 300 Olsen Boulevard, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
authors.forename: Alfredo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Erazo-Oliveras
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, 300 Olsen Boulevard, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
authors.forename: Kristina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Najjar
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, 300 Olsen Boulevard, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
authors.forename: Dat
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Truong
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, 300 Olsen Boulevard, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
authors.forename: Ting-Yi
authors.initials: TY
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, 300 Olsen Boulevard, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
authors.forename: Dakota J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Brock
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, 300 Olsen Boulevard, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
authors.forename: Austin R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Prater
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, 300 Olsen Boulevard, College Station, TX 77843, USA; Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, 300 Olsen Boulevard, College Station, TX 77843, USA. Electronic address: pellois@tamu.edu.
authors.forename: Jean-Philippe
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Pellois
mesh_terms: D057846:Cell-Penetrating Peptides / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D003600:Cytosol / Q000378:metabolism*; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D011992:Endosomes / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008055:Lipids / Q000737:chemistry*; D008246:Lysophospholipids / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D046911:Macromolecular Substances / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D050178:Monoglycerides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D057846:Cell-Penetrating Peptides; D008055:Lipids; D008246:Lysophospholipids; D046911:Macromolecular Substances; D050178:Monoglycerides; C012786:bis(monoacylglyceryl)phosphate
keywords: cellular delivery; endosomal escape; figubis(monoacylglycero)phosphate; late endosomes; membrane leakage