title: Social Determinants of Racial Disparities in CKD.
abstract: Significant disparities in CKD rates and outcomes exist between black and white Americans. Health disparities are defined as health differences that adversely affect disadvantaged populations, on the basis of one or more health outcomes. CKD is the complex result of genetic and environmental factors, reflecting the balance of nature and nurture. Social determinants of health have an important role as environmental components, especially for black populations, who are disproportionately disadvantaged. Understanding the social determinants of health and appreciating the underlying differences associated with meaningful clinical outcomes may help nephrologists treat all their patients with CKD in an optimal manner. Altering the social determinants of health, although difficult, may embody important policy and research efforts, with the ultimate goal of improving outcomes for patients with kidney diseases, and minimizing the disparities between groups.
authors.affiliation: Division of Kidney, Urologic, and Hematologic Diseases, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.
authors.forename: Jenna M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Norton
authors.affiliation: Division of Kidney, Urologic, and Hematologic Diseases, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.
authors.forename: Marva M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Moxey-Mims
authors.affiliation: Division of Kidney, Urologic, and Hematologic Diseases, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.
authors.forename: Paul W
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Eggers
authors.affiliation: Division of Kidney, Urologic, and Hematologic Diseases, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.
authors.forename: Andrew S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Narva
authors.affiliation: Division of Kidney, Urologic, and Hematologic Diseases, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.
authors.forename: Robert A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Star
authors.affiliation: Division of Kidney, Urologic, and Hematologic Diseases, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland KimmelP@extra.niddk.nih.gov.
authors.forename: Paul L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Kimmel
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland Office of the Director and.
authors.forename: Griffin P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Rodgers
mesh_terms: D006297:Health Services Accessibility; D054624:Health Status Disparities; D006801:Humans; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D044469:Racial Groups; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000208:ethnology; D064890:Social Determinants of Health; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors
keywords: chronic kidney disease; end stage kidney disease; psychosocial factors; racial disparities; social determinants; socioeconomic status