title: ANTXR-1 and -2 independent modulation of a cytotoxicity mediated by anthrax toxin in human cells.
abstract: Several animal models have shown that anthrax toxin (ATX) elicits a cytotoxic effect on host cells through anthrax toxin receptor (ANTXR) function. In this study, compared with mouse cells, cells obtained from humans exhibited low sensitivity to ATX-mediated cytotoxicity, and the sensitivity was not correlated with expression levels of ANTXRs. ATX treatment also induced a cytotoxic effect in other cultured human cells, human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293 cells, that express ANTXRs at undetectable levels. Furthermore, ectopic expression of ANTXRs in HEK293 cells did not affect the sensitivity to ATX treatment. These findings suggest that there is an ANTXR-independent cytotoxic mechanism in human cells.
authors.affiliation: Division of Infection and Immunity, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Kita-20, Nishi-10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0020, Japan.
authors.forename: Daisuke
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Fujikura
authors.forename: Kochi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Toyomane
authors.forename: Kozue
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kamiya
authors.forename: Memi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mutoh
authors.forename: Etsuko
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mifune
authors.forename: Miyuki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ohnuma
authors.forename: Hideaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Higashi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000942:Antigens, Bacterial / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001427:Bacterial Toxins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D057809:HEK293 Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D008840:Microfilament Proteins; D009000:Monocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000502:physiology*; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000502:physiology*; D018000:Receptors, Peptide / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: C473287:ANTXR1 protein, human; C447150:ANTXR2 protein, human; D000942:Antigens, Bacterial; D001427:Bacterial Toxins; D008840:Microfilament Proteins; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D018000:Receptors, Peptide; C030325:anthrax toxin