title: Adipose-Derived Stem Cells as a Tool in Cell-Based Therapies.
abstract: Recent development in stem cell isolation methods and expansion under laboratory conditions create an opportunity to use those aforementioned cells in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Particular attention is drawn towards mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) being multipotent progenitors exhibiting several unique characteristics, including high proliferation potential, self-renewal abilities and multilineage differentiation into cells of mesodermal and non-mesodermal origin. High abundance of MSCs found in adipose tissue makes it a very attractive source of adult stem cells for further use in regenerative medicine applications. Despite immunomodulating properties of adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) and a secretion of a wide variety of paracrine factors that facilitate tissue regeneration, effectiveness of stem cell therapy was not supported by the results of clinical trials. Lack of a single, universal stem cell marker, patient-to-patient variability, heterogeneity of ASC population combined with multiple widely different protocols of cell isolation and expansion hinder the ability to precisely identify and analyze biological properties of stem cells. The above issues contribute to conflicting data reported in literature. We will review the comprehensive information concerning characteristic features of ASCs. We will also review the regenerative potential and clinical application based on various clinical trials.
authors.affiliation: Department of Tissue Engineering, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Karłowicza 24, 85-092, Bydgoszcz, Poland. a_bajek@wp.pl.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bajek
authors.affiliation: Department of Tissue Engineering, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Karłowicza 24, 85-092, Bydgoszcz, Poland.
authors.forename: Natalia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Gurtowska
authors.affiliation: Department of Tissue Engineering, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Karłowicza 24, 85-092, Bydgoszcz, Poland.
authors.forename: Joanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Olkowska
authors.affiliation: Department of Tissue Engineering, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Karłowicza 24, 85-092, Bydgoszcz, Poland.
authors.forename: Lukasz
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kazmierski
authors.affiliation: Department of Tissue Engineering, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Karłowicza 24, 85-092, Bydgoszcz, Poland.
authors.forename: Malgorzata
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Maj
authors.affiliation: Department of Tissue Engineering, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Karłowicza 24, 85-092, Bydgoszcz, Poland.|Department of Urology, Nicolaus Copernicus Hospital, Torun, Poland.
authors.forename: Tomasz
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Drewa
mesh_terms: D017667:Adipocytes / Q000166:cytology*; D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000166:cytology*; D000818:Animals; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D016922:Cellular Senescence; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D006801:Humans; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology*; D051379:Mice; D010641:Phenotype; D044968:Regenerative Medicine / Q000379:methods; D033581:Stem Cell Transplantation; D017154:Stromal Cells / Q000166:cytology
keywords: Adipose tissue; Adipose-derived stem cells; Clinical trials; Regenerative medicine