title: Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection and vaccine development.
abstract: Following HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis (TB) continues to be the second most deadly infectious disease in humans. The global TB prevalence has become worse in recent years due to the emergence of multi-drug resistant (MDR) and extensively-drug resistant (XDR) strains, as well as co-infection with HIV. Although Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine has nearly been used for a century in many countries, it does not protect adult pulmonary tuberculosis and even causes disseminated BCG disease in HIV-positive population. It is impossible to use BCG to eliminate the Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb) infection or to prevent TB onset and reactivation. Consequently, novel vaccines are urgently needed for TB prevention and immunotherapy. In this review, we discuss the TB prevalence, interaction between M. tb and host immune system, as well as recent progress of TB vaccine research and development.
authors.affiliation: AIDS Institute and Department of Microbiology, Research Centre for Infection and Immunity, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
authors.forename: Jiansong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
authors.forename: Wing-Cheong
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Yam
authors.affiliation: AIDS Institute and Department of Microbiology, Research Centre for Infection and Immunity, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; HKU-AIDS Institute Shenzhen Research Laboratory and AIDS Clinical Research Laboratory, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Guangdong Medical College, Shenzhen, PR China. Electronic address: zchenai@hku.hk.
authors.forename: Zhiwei
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D056704:Adaptive Immunity; D000818:Animals; D001500:BCG Vaccine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D055808:Drug Discovery / Q000379:methods*; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D009169:Mycobacterium tuberculosis / Q000276:immunology* / Q000472:pathogenicity; D015995:Prevalence; D014376:Tuberculosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D032581:Tuberculosis Vaccines / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D001500:BCG Vaccine; D032581:Tuberculosis Vaccines
keywords: Bacillus Calmette–Guérin; Immune response; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Vaccine