title: Mycoplasmataceae Colonizations in Women With Urethral Pain Syndrome: A Case-Control Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine if Mycoplasma genitalium, Ureaplasma urealyticum, and Ureaplasma parvum are more common in premenopausal women with urethral pain syndrome than in asymptomatic controls.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used a case-control study design to compare the prevalence of M. genitalium, U. urealyticum, and U. parvum using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis in urine. Urethral pain syndrome was defined as localized urethral pain with or without accompanying lower urinary tract symptoms during the past month or longer and at least one negative urine culture.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among the 28 cases, 46% carried Ureaplasma species compared with 64% of the 92 controls overall (P = 0.09). There were no significant differences in the prevalence of U. parvum and U. urealyticum among controls than in patients with urethral pain syndrome (P = 0.35 and P = 0.33, respectively). Co-colonization with U. parvum and urealyticum was infrequent, and there was only one case of M. genitalium colonization, which occurred among the controls. The symptomatic profile of Ureaplasma carriers with urethral pain syndrome was heterogeneous with no clear pattern and did not differ significantly compared with patients negative for Ureaplasma.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We found no evidence to support the notion that M. genitalium, U. parvum, and U. urealyticum are more prevalent in women with urethral pain syndrome than in women without lower urinary tract symptoms.
authors.affiliation: 1Stockholm Urogynecological Clinic, 2Department of Clinical Sciences, Karolinska Institutet Danderyd Hospital, 3Clinical Microbiology, Karolinska University Hospital and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; and 4Department of Statistics and Quantitative Methods, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kyndel
authors.forename: Caroline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Elmér
authors.forename: Owe
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Källman
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Altman
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002353:Carrier State / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009174:Mycoplasma / Q000302:isolation & purification; D009175:Mycoplasma Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D010146:Pain / Q000150:complications*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015995:Prevalence; D014509:Ureaplasma / Q000302:isolation & purification; D016869:Ureaplasma Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D016990:Ureaplasma urealyticum / Q000302:isolation & purification; D014522:Urethral Diseases / Q000382:microbiology*; D014556:Urine / Q000382:microbiology; D055815:Young Adult