title: Increasing prevalence of diabetes in Bangladesh: a scoping review.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The prevalence of type 2 diabetes is increasing rapidly in Bangladesh. However, studies documenting the increasing trend of diabetes prevalence are scarce. The aim of this study was to conduct a scoping review of published literature to ascertain the changing patterns of diabetes prevalence in Bangladesh.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a scoping review based on York scoping reviews framework and performed a comprehensive search of published literature through Medline, BanglaJOL, and Google Scholar published between 1994 and 2013. We summarised and calculated the time trends and pooled prevalence for type 2 diabetes among adults (≥18 years) in both urban and rural areas in Bangladesh.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 152 studies identified, we included 22 studies for the scoping review which met the inclusion criteria. Overall, 11 studies (50%) were conducted in rural areas, eight in urban (36%) and three (14%) in semi-urban, semi-rural and tribal areas. The overall prevalence of type 2 diabetes ranged between 4.5% and 35.0%. The final estimate of diabetes prevalence obtained after pooling of data from individual studies among 51,252 participants was 7.4% (95% CI 7.2-7.7%). The prevalence of diabetes was higher in males compared to females in urban areas and vice-versa in rural areas. Analyses of exponential trend revealed an increasing trend of diabetes prevalence among urban and rural population at a rate of 0.05% (R = 0.18) and 0.06% (R = 0.35) per year, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The prevalence of type 2 diabetes showed an increasing trend in both urban and rural population in Bangladesh. Our findings suggest the need for an all-out effort by the government and stakeholders to implement preventive strategies for diabetes in Bangladesh.
authors.affiliation: International Center for Diarrhoeal Diseases Research, Bangladesh (ICDDR,B), Dhaka, Bangladesh.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Biswas
authors.affiliation: International Center for Diarrhoeal Diseases Research, Bangladesh (ICDDR,B), Dhaka, Bangladesh; School of Health Policy & Management, Faculty of Health, York University, Toronto, Canada.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Islam
authors.affiliation: International Center for Diarrhoeal Diseases Research, Bangladesh (ICDDR,B), Dhaka, Bangladesh.
authors.forename: L B
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Rawal
authors.affiliation: International Center for Diarrhoeal Diseases Research, Bangladesh (ICDDR,B), Dhaka, Bangladesh; Center for International Health (CIH), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU), Munich, Germany; Cardiovascular Division, The George Institute for Global Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia. Electronic address: shariful.islam@icddrb.org.
authors.forename: S M S
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Islam
mesh_terms: D001459:Bangladesh / Q000453:epidemiology; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D015995:Prevalence; D012424:Rural Population / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D014505:Urban Population / Q000706:statistics & numerical data
keywords: Bangladesh; Diabetes; Prevalence