title: A Maternal High-Energy Diet Promotes Intestinal Development and Intrauterine Growth of Offspring.
abstract: It has been suggested that maternal nutrition during gestation is involved in an offspring's intestinal development. The aim of this study was therefore to evaluate the effects of maternal energy on the growth and small intestine development of offspring. After mating, twenty gilts (Large White (LW) breeding, body weight (BW) at 135.54 ± 0.66 kg) were randomly allocated to two dietary treatments: a control diet (CON) group and a high-energy diet (HED) group, respectively. The nutrient levels of the CON were referred to meet the nutrient recommendations by the National Research Council (NRC, 2012), while the HED was designed by adding an amount of soybean oil that was 4.6% of the total diet weight to the CON. The dietary treatments were introduced from day 1 of gestation to farrowing. At day 90 of gestation, day 1 post-birth, and day 28 post-birth, the weights of fetuses and piglets, intestinal morphology, enzyme activities, and gene and protein expressions of intestinal growth factors were determined. The results indicated that the maternal HED markedly increased the BW, small intestinal weight, and villus height of fetuses and piglets. Moreover, the activities of lactase in fetal intestine, sucrase in piglet intestine were markedly increased by the maternal HED. In addition, the maternal HED tended to increase the protein expression of insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R) in fetal intestine, associated with significantly increased the gene expression of IGF-1R. In conclusion, increasing energy intake could promote fetal growth and birth weight, with greater intestinal morphology and enzyme activities.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition and Feed Science, Ministry of Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China. sow_nutrition@sina.com.|Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China. sow_nutrition@sina.com.
authors.forename: Peilin
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition and Feed Science, Ministry of Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China. chelong1989@126.com.|Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China. chelong1989@126.com.
authors.forename: Long
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Che
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition and Feed Science, Ministry of Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China. guoguo00002@163.com.|Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China. guoguo00002@163.com.
authors.forename: Zhenguo
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition and Feed Science, Ministry of Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China. fengb123d@163.com.|Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China. fengb123d@163.com.
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition and Feed Science, Ministry of Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China. clianqiang@hotmail.com.|Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China. clianqiang@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Lianqiang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Che
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition and Feed Science, Ministry of Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China. shengyu_x@hotmail.com.|Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China. shengyu_x@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Shengyu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition and Feed Science, Ministry of Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China. able588@163.com.|Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China. able588@163.com.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition and Feed Science, Ministry of Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China. fangzhenfeng@hotmail.com.|Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China. fangzhenfeng@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Zhengfeng
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition and Feed Science, Ministry of Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China. lijian522@hotmail.com.|Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China. lijian522@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition and Feed Science, Ministry of Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China. pig2pig@sina.com.|Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China. pig2pig@sina.com.
authors.forename: De
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wu
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed / Q000032:analysis*; D000824:Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D000818:Animals; D004032:Diet / Q000662:veterinary*; D002149:Energy Intake; D005260:Female; D047109:Fetal Development; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D007422:Intestines / Q000254:growth & development*; D039382:Maternal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D011247:Pregnancy; D012313:RNA / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D013552:Swine / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D012313:RNA
keywords: fetal growth; high energy diet; insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R); intestinal weight