title: Anatomical-Ultrasound Visor for Regional Anaesthesia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Regions considered optimal for performing peripheral nerve blocking have been well documented. However identify and perform regional anesthesia in those regions from ultrasound images remains a challenge.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study aims to develop a virtual environment for the simulation of ultrasound exploration of the neck nerves and both the upper and lower limbs for regional anesthesia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional images were obtained from Magnetic Resonance Imaging for puncture regions involved in ultrasound-guided nerve block.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A three-dimensional digital viewer was developed for the anatomical and ultrasound identification of key structures involved in peripheral nerve block in neck, upper and lower limbs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study provides a virtual environment software used to simulate ultrasound exploration of nerve neck and upper and lower limbs for regional anesthesia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Potential implications of this tool for improving the ultrasound exploration for regional anesthesia and acquisition of anatomical knowledge are further discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.
authors.forename: Juan A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Juanes
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesia and Pain Therapy, Universitary Hospital, Salamanca, Spain.
authors.forename: Pablo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Alonso
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesia and Pain Therapy, Universitary Hospital, Salamanca, Spain.
authors.forename: Felipe
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Hernández
authors.affiliation: VisualMed System Research Group, University of Salamanca, Avda. De la Merced, 109/131, Salamanca, Spain. pablo.ruisoto@universidadeuropea.es.|European University of Madrid, calle Tajo, s/n. Villaviciosa de Odon, Madrid, Spain. pablo.ruisoto@universidadeuropea.es.
authors.forename: Pablo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ruisoto
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesia and Pain Therapy, Universitary Hospital, Salamanca, Spain.
authors.forename: Clemente
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Muriel
mesh_terms: D000765:Anesthesia, Conduction / Q000379:methods*; D003198:Computer Simulation; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004501:Education, Medical / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D035002:Lower Extremity / Q000294:innervation; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D009333:Neck / Q000294:innervation; D009407:Nerve Block / Q000379:methods; D018084:Ultrasonography, Interventional / Q000379:methods*; D034941:Upper Extremity / Q000294:innervation; D014584:User-Computer Interface
keywords: Anatomy; Anesthesia; Medical training; Software; Ultrasonography