title: Organelles and chromatin fragmentation of human umbilical vein endothelial cell influence by the effects of zeta potential and size of silver nanoparticles in different manners.
abstract: Recently, it has been disclosed that silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have the potential to inhibit infection and cancerous cells and eventually penetrate through injected site into the capillary due to their small size. This study focuses on the effect of size and zeta potential of bare and citrate-coated AgNPs on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) as main capillary cells. AgNPs with high and low concentrations and no citrate coating were synthesized by using simple wet chemical method and named as AgNP/HC, AgNP/LC, and AgNP, respectively. Citrate coated particles showed larger zeta potential of -22 mV and AgNp/HC showed the smallest size of 13.2 nm. UV-Visible spectroscopy and dynamic light scattering (DLS) were performed to evaluate particle size and hydrodynamic diameter of NPs in water and cell culture media. Results indicated that higher concentrations of citrate decreased hydrodynamic diameter and NP agglomeration. reactive oxygen species (ROS) production of all AgNPs was similar at 28 ppm although it was significantly higher than control group. Their effects on cell membrane and chromosomal structure were studied using LDH measurement and 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining, as well. Results demonstrated that AgNP/LC was less toxic to cells owing to higher value of IC50, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), and less release of LDH. Cancerous (Human Caucasian neuroblastoma) and immortal cells (Mouse embryonic fibroblast cell line) were about twice more sensitive than HUVECs to toxic effects of AgNPs. DAPI staining results showed that AgNP and AgNP/HC induced highest and lowest breaking of chromosome. Overall results suggest that viability of HUVECs will be higher than 90% when viability of cancerous cells is 50% in AgNPs chemotherapy.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Medical Nanotechnology , School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran.|b Drug Nanocarriers Research Core, Razi Drug Research Center , Iran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran.|c Student's Scientific Research Center , Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran.
authors.forename: Shima
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tavakol
authors.affiliation: d Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences , Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz , Ahvaz , Iran.
authors.forename: Elham
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hoveizi
authors.affiliation: a Department of Medical Nanotechnology , School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran.
authors.forename: Sharmin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kharrazi
authors.affiliation: e School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences , Isfahan , Iran.
authors.forename: Behnaz
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Tavakol
authors.affiliation: f Department of Tissue Engineering , Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran.
authors.forename: Shabnam
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Karimi
authors.affiliation: a Department of Medical Nanotechnology , School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran.|g Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology , School of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University (IAUPS) , Tehran , Iran.|h Department of Pharmacology , School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran.
authors.forename: Seyed Mahdi
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Rezayat Sorkhabadi
mesh_terms: D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002843:Chromatin / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D002951:Citrates / Q000737:chemistry; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D061307:Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase / Q000378:metabolism; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles; D015388:Organelles / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D010316:Particle Size; D012834:Silver / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D002843:Chromatin; D002951:Citrates; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D012834:Silver; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase
keywords: Cancer; human umbilical vein endothelial cell; particle size; silver nanoparticle; zeta potential