title: Left Atrial Function in Preclinical Diastolic Dysfunction: Two-Dimensional Speckle-Tracking Echocardiography-Derived Results from the BEFRI Trial.
abstract: Patients with preclinical left ventricular (LV) diastolic dysfunction (DD) are prone to develop heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Although left atrial (LA) enlargement and deterioration of LA function in apparent DD and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction have been previously described, data regarding phasic LA strain (LAS) in preclinical DD are scarce.
  
  
  
  In a cross-sectional trial, echocardiographic parameters of DD, LA volume index, and global LA reservoir, conduit, and pump function were prospectively analyzed in 473 women from the general population in Berlin, Germany (BErlin Female RIsk evaluation (BEFRI) study), using standard and two-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography.
  
  
  
  One hundred thirty-one women (29.7%) showed early-stage DD (impaired relaxation [DD1]) and 22 (5.0%) showed an echocardiographically more advanced stage of DD (pseudonormal filling [DD2]). Compared with women with normal diastolic function (DD0), those with DD1 displayed lower LA reservoir and conduit function (DD0, 43.2 ± 8.5% and 27.2 ± 8.0%; DD1, 33.3 ± 8.0% and 16.1 ± 7.1%; P < .001) but significantly higher LA pump function (DD0, 17.6 ± 5.4%; DD1, 18.9 ± 5.5%; P < .05). In patients with DD2, all three phases of LAS were markedly impaired compared with those with DD0 (reservoir, conduit, and pump function, 29.0 ± 6.3%, 15.1 ± 5.4% [P < .001], and 14.9 ± 4.1% [P < .05], respectively). LA reservoir and conduit function was significantly associated with DD; in receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, these parameters showed higher diagnostic accuracy in detecting early DD compared with LA volume index. In multivariate analysis, LA reservoir strain remained significantly associated with DD.
  
  
  
  All three components of LAS showed specific alterations in different stages of DD. LA reservoir and conduit function was markedly reduced before symptoms, LA enlargement, and elevations of noninvasively estimated LV filling pressures occurred. Analysis of LA function featured higher discriminative strength in diagnosing early-stage DD compared with the well-established parameter LA volume index. Assessment of LAS allows diagnosis of impaired LA function and DD in a subclinical stage and might enable timely preventive and therapeutic interventions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany; Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany. Electronic address: anna.brecht@charite.de.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Brecht
authors.affiliation: Institute of Gender in Medicine, University Medicine Berlin, Charité, Campus Charité Mitte, Berlin, Germany; Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Sabine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Oertelt-Prigione
authors.affiliation: Institute of Gender in Medicine, University Medicine Berlin, Charité, Campus Charité Mitte, Berlin, Germany; Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Ute
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Seeland
authors.affiliation: Institute of Gender in Medicine, University Medicine Berlin, Charité, Campus Charité Mitte, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Mirjam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rücke
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hättasch
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Tobias
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wagelöhner
authors.affiliation: Institute of Gender in Medicine, University Medicine Berlin, Charité, Campus Charité Mitte, Berlin, Germany; Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Vera
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Regitz-Zagrosek
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Gert
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Baumann
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany; Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Fabian
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Knebel
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany; Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Verena
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Stangl
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D058070:Asymptomatic Diseases; D016279:Atrial Function, Left; D015984:Causality; D015897:Comorbidity; D004452:Echocardiography / Q000379:methods*; D054459:Elasticity Imaging Techniques / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D005858:Germany / Q000453:epidemiology; D006325:Heart Atria / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012307:Risk Factors; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D018487:Ventricular Dysfunction, Left / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000453:epidemiology*
keywords: 2D speckle tracking; Diastolic dysfunction; LA strain; Left atrial function; Left atrial remodeling; Women