title: Neuropsychological Features of Microbleeds and Cortical Microinfarct Detected by High Resolution Magnetic Resonance Imaging.
abstract: Lobar microbleeds (MBs) and cortical microinfarct (CMI) are caused by cerebral amyloid angiopathy in the elderly and increase in number in Alzheimer's disease.
  
  
  
  The aim of this study is to elucidate the effects of lobar MBs and CMIs on cognitive function.
  
  
  
  The subjects were outpatients who visited the memory clinic of Mie University Hospital. Among 120 subjects, 109 patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria. We quantitatively estimated MBs and CMIs using double inversion recovery and 3D FLAIR images of 3T MRI. Neuropsychological assessments included intellectual, memory, constructional, and frontal lobe function.
  
  
  
  Of the 109 patients, MBs and CMIs were observed in 68 (62%) and 17 (16%) subjects, respectively. Of the 68 patients with MBs, lobar MBs were found in 28, deep MBs in 8 and mixed MBs in 31. In each age group, the number of MBs increased in patients with CMI (CMI+ group) than those without CMI (CMI- group), and MBs and CMIs additively decreased MMSE scores. In psychological screens, the MBs+ group with more than 10 MBs showed significantly lower scores of category- and letter-WF than MB- group. The CMI+ group showed significantly worse scores than CMI- group in Japanese Raven's coloured progressive matrices, Trail Making Test-A, category- and letter-word fluency and copy and drawing of figures.
  
  
  
  Lobar MBs and CMIs in the elderly frequently coexisted with each other and additively contributed to cognitive impairment, which is mainly predisposed to frontal lobe function.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dementia Prevention and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, Mie, Japan.
authors.forename: Yukito
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ueda
authors.affiliation: Department of Dementia Prevention and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, Mie, Japan.
authors.forename: Masayuki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Satoh
authors.affiliation: Department of Dementia Prevention and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, Mie, Japan.|Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, Mie, Japan.
authors.forename: Ken-Ichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tabei
authors.affiliation: Department of Dementia Prevention and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, Mie, Japan.
authors.forename: Hirotaka
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kida
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, Mie, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuichiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ii
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, Mie, Japan.
authors.forename: Masaru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Asahi
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, Mie, Japan.
authors.forename: Masayuki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Maeda
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, Mie, Japan.
authors.forename: Hajime
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sakuma
authors.affiliation: Department of Dementia Prevention and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, Mie, Japan.|Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, Mie, Japan.
authors.forename: Hidekazu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tomimoto
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D002543:Cerebral Hemorrhage / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D002544:Cerebral Infarction / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D000073216:Mental Status and Dementia Tests; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric
keywords: Bleeding; cerebral amyloid angiopathy; dementia; infarct; magnetic resonance imaging; neuropsychological test