title: Comparison of stationary and personal air sampling with an air dispersion model for children's ambient exposure to manganese.
abstract: Manganese (Mn) is ubiquitous in the environment and essential for normal growth and development, yet excessive exposure can lead to impairments in neurological function. This study modeled ambient Mn concentrations as an alternative to stationary and personal air sampling to assess exposure for children enrolled in the Communities Actively Researching Exposure Study in Marietta, OH. Ambient air Mn concentration values were modeled using US Environmental Protection Agency's Air Dispersion Model AERMOD based on emissions from the ferromanganese refinery located in Marietta. Modeled Mn concentrations were compared with Mn concentrations from a nearby stationary air monitor. The Index of Agreement for modeled versus monitored data was 0.34 (48 h levels) and 0.79 (monthly levels). Fractional bias was 0.026 for 48 h levels and -0.019 for monthly levels. The ratio of modeled ambient air Mn to measured ambient air Mn at the annual time scale was 0.94. Modeled values were also time matched to personal air samples for 19 children. The modeled values explained a greater degree of variability in personal exposures compared with time-weighted distance from the emission source. Based on these results modeled Mn concentrations provided a suitable approach for assessing airborne Mn exposure in this cohort.
authors.affiliation: National Exposure Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
authors.forename: Florence
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Fulk
authors.affiliation: College of Medicine, Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
authors.forename: Erin N
authors.initials: EN
authors.lastname: Haynes
authors.affiliation: College of Medicine, Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
authors.forename: Timothy J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Hilbert
authors.affiliation: Marietta College, Marietta, Ohio, USA.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.affiliation: National Center for Environmental Assessment, US Environmental Protection Age, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
authors.forename: Dan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Petersen
authors.affiliation: College of Medicine, Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
authors.forename: Tiina
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Reponen
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D000397:Air Pollution / Q000032:analysis*; D002648:Child; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000032:analysis; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007501:Iron; D008297:Male; D008345:Manganese / Q000032:analysis*; D008669:Metallurgy; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D009820:Ohio; D010316:Particle Size; D012044:Regression Analysis; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D014481:United States; D014484:United States Environmental Protection Agency
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; C083456:ferro-manganese alloy; D008345:Manganese; D007501:Iron