title: Outcome of microsurgical excision of unruptured brain arteriovenous malformations in ARUBA-eligible patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the outcome of microsurgical excision of selected unruptured brain arteriovenous malformations (AVMs), and to compare the results with those of the ARUBA trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective data collection for all patients undergoing microsurgical excision of unruptured brain AVMs by two neurovascular surgeons. Outcome measures similar to those assessed in the ARUBA trial (death and stroke) as well as modified Rankin scores (mRS) at 6 months were assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Between September 2004 and September 2014, 45 patients with unruptured brain AVMs underwent microsurgical excision. 11 patients (eight children and three with mRS >2 at presentation) were excluded to match ARUBA eligibility criteria. 34 patients were included in this study. AVM characteristics closely matched those in the ARUBA trial with 70.5% Spetzler-Martin (SM) grade I or II AVMs, 68% AVM size <3 cm. However, compared to ARUBA, a larger proportion of our patients presented with seizures, and a lower proportion with headaches. 8(23%) had preoperative embolization. There were no deaths and no strokes (as defined in ARUBA). 5 (14.7%) had permanent neurological deficit related to surgery within/near eloquent cortex. At 6 months follow-up, 32 (94%) had mRS score of 0-1. Two (6%) had mRS 2 and none had mRS> 2. Postoperative digital DSA confirmed complete AVM excision in all cases. None of the patients have suffered intracranial hemorrhage during the follow-up period of 6-126 (median 69) months.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Microsurgical excision of unruptured brain AVMs can be performed with low morbidity in selected cases. Our study has limitations particularly the small number of patients with selected AVMs for microsurgical excision. However, our results suggest that ARUBA results may not be applicable to microsurgical excision when cases are appropriately selected for this treatment modality.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Neurosurgery , Beaumont Hospital , Dublin , Ireland.|b Academic Department of Neurology , Trinity College Dublin, Dublin , Ireland.|c Department of Neurosurgery , Walton Centre NHS Foundation Trust , Liverpool , UK.
authors.forename: Mohsen
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Javadpour
authors.affiliation: c Department of Neurosurgery , Walton Centre NHS Foundation Trust , Liverpool , UK.
authors.forename: Rafid
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Al-Mahfoudh
authors.affiliation: c Department of Neurosurgery , Walton Centre NHS Foundation Trust , Liverpool , UK.
authors.forename: Paul S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Mitchell
authors.affiliation: d Department of Neurosurgery , Addenbrooke's Hospital , Cambridge , UK.
authors.forename: Ramez
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kirollos
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015901:Angiography, Digital Subtraction; D004621:Embolization, Therapeutic; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006261:Headache / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D002538:Intracranial Arteriovenous Malformations / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008866:Microsurgery / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009422:Nervous System Diseases / Q000209:etiology; D019635:Neurosurgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016634:Radiosurgery; D012640:Seizures / Q000209:etiology; D020521:Stroke / Q000209:etiology; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: ARUBA; Arteriovenous malformation; microsurgical excision; observation