title: Effects of Fine Particulate Matter (PM2.5) on Systemic Oxidative Stress and Cardiac Function in ApoE(-/-) Mice.
abstract: In this study, we aimed to explore the toxic mechanisms of cardiovascular injuries induced by ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in atherosclerotic-susceptible ApoE(-/-) mice. An acute toxicological animal experiment was designed with PM2.5 exposure once a day, every other day, for three days.
  
  
  
  ApoE(-/-) and C57BL/6 mice were randomly categorized into four groups, respectively (n = 6): one control group, three groups exposed to PM2.5 alone at low-, mid-, and high-dose (3, 10, or 30 mg/kg b.w.). Heart rate (HR) and electrocardiogram (ECG) were monitored before instillation of PM2.5 and 24 h after the last instillation, respectively. Cardiac function was monitored by echocardiography (Echo) after the last instillation. Biomarkers of systemic oxidative injuries (MDA, SOD), heart oxidative stress (MDA, SOD), and NAD(P)H oxidase subunits (p22phox, p47phox) mRNA and protein expression were analyzed in mice. The results showed that PM2.5 exposure could trigger the significant increase of MDA, and induce the decrease of heart rate variability (HRV), a marker of cardiac autonomic nervous system (ANS) function with a dose-response manner. Meanwhile, abnormal ECG types were monitored in mice after exposure to PM2.5. The expression of cytokines related with oxidative injuries, and mRNA and protein expression of NADPH, increased significantly in ApoE(-/-) mice in the high-dose group when compared with the dose-matched C57BL6 mice, but no significant difference was observed at Echo. In conclusion, PM2.5 exposure could cause oxidative and ANS injuries, and ApoE(-/-) mice displayed more severe oxidative effects induced by PM2.5.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China. 12111020012@fudan.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Yiling
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Pei
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China. rfjiang@fudan.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Rongfang
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China. zou.yunzeng@zs-hospital.sh.cn.
authors.forename: Yunzeng
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zou
authors.affiliation: Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Shanghai Institute for Food and Drug Control, Shanghai 201203, China. ohyue@163.com.
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Shanghai Institute for Food and Drug Control, Shanghai 201203, China. 12111020016@fudan.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Suhui
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Hygienic Toxicology, College of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China. 10111020016@fudan.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Guanghe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China. jinzhuozhao@fudan.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Jinzhuo
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China. wmsong@shmu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Weimin
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Song
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000633:toxicity*; D000818:Animals; D001057:Apolipoproteins E / Q000235:genetics; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D006321:Heart / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D010316:Particle Size; D052638:Particulate Matter / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D001057:Apolipoproteins E; D015415:Biomarkers; D016207:Cytokines; D052638:Particulate Matter
keywords: PM2.5; atherosclerosis; autonomic nervous system (ANS); echocardiography (Echo); oxidative stress