title: Evolution of Cryptococcal Antigen Testing: What is new?
abstract: Over the last decade, an upsurge in both the frequency and severity of fungal infections due to the HIV/AIDS epidemic and the use of immunosuppressive therapy has occurred. Even diagnostic methods like culture and microscopy, which have low sensitivity and longer turn-around-times are not widely available, leading to delays in timely antifungal therapy and detrimental patient outcomes. The evolution of cryptococcal antigen (CrAg) testing to develop inexpensive and more sensitive methods to detect cryptococcal antigen is significant. These newer tests employ immunoassays as part of point-of-care platforms, which do not require complex laboratory infrastructure and they have the potential to detect early disease and reduce time to diagnosis of cryptococcal infection. Advocacy for widely available and efficacious life-saving antifungal treatment should be the only remaining challenge.
authors.affiliation: Infectious Diseases Institute, Mulago Hill Road, Makerere University, Uganda.
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Nalintya
authors.affiliation: Infectious Diseases Institute, Mulago Hill Road, Makerere University, Uganda.
authors.forename: Reuben
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kiggundu
authors.affiliation: Infectious Diseases Institute, Mulago Hill Road, Makerere University, Uganda.; Department of Medicine, Center for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology Translational Research, University of Minnesota, USA.; School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Meya
keywords: Cryptococcus; Fungus; HIV; antigen; assay; cryptococcal disease; cryptococcal meningitis; diagnosis; lateral flow; testing; thermal contrast