title: Percutaneous paravalvular leak closure: chasing the chameleon.
abstract: Paravalvular leak (PVL) occurs after both surgical and transcatheter valve replacement/implantation. It can lead to haemolysis, heart failure and may increase the risk of endocarditis. Percutaneous closure has significantly less morbidity than re-operation and is therefore often the therapy of choice. Percutaneous PVL closure can make an important difference for patients and can improve patient prognosis. These procedures can be intricate and larger case series and research is needed to further develop and improve these procedures.
authors.affiliation: University Heart Center Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland fabian.nietlispach@usz.ch.
authors.forename: Fabian
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Nietlispach
authors.affiliation: University Heart Center Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Maisano
authors.affiliation: Center of Valve and Structural Heart Disease, Minneapolis Heart Institute, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sorajja
authors.affiliation: Columbia University Medical Center/New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Martin B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Leon
authors.affiliation: Divison of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
authors.forename: Charanjit
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rihal
authors.affiliation: Evanston Hospital, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL, USA.
authors.forename: Ted
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Feldman
mesh_terms: D006328:Cardiac Catheterization; D006333:Heart Failure; D006349:Heart Valve Diseases; D006350:Heart Valve Prosthesis; D019918:Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation; D006801:Humans; D011475:Prosthesis Failure; D012086:Reoperation
keywords: Paravalvular leak; Percutaneous closure; Valvular heart disease