title: Effects of carvedilol on an ischemia/reperfusion model: Biochemical, histopathological and immunohistochemical evaluation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of carvedilol (CVD) on experimentally induced ovarian ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  An ovarian I/R model was applied to rats, classified into three groups: 1 (n = 7), sham operated (control); 2 (n = 7), 3 h ischemia + 3 h reperfusion (I/R); 3 (n = 7), 3 h ischemia + CVD + 3 h reperfusion (I/R + CVD). Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities in ovarian tissues and serum were measured. Tissue damage was examined histopathologically; Bax and caspase-3 expression was determined immunhistochemically. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay was performed to show apoptotic cell death.
  
  
  RESULTS
  MDA levels in ovarian tissues were significantly increased in the I/R group compared with the control. CVD administration significantly decreased tissue MDA levels in the I/R + CVD in comparison with the I/R group. GSH-Px activities in serum were higher in the I/R + CVD than in the I/R group. SOD activities in tissue and serum were significantly decreased in the I/R compared with the control group. Histological examination showed a significant improvement in ovarian morphology in the I/R + CVD compared with the I/R group. Bax and caspase-3 protein was more strongly expressed in the I/R group compared with the control and I/R + CVD groups. Apoptotic index detected by TUNEL assay was significantly increased in the I/R and decreased in the I/R + CVD group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest that CVD reduces the deleterious effects of oxidative damage on ovaries in a rat I/R model.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gaziosmanpaşa University, Tokat, Turkey. drzekiozsoy@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Asker Zeki
authors.initials: AZ
authors.lastname: Özsoy
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Genetic, Giresun University, Giresun, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ayşe Feyda
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Nursal
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Pathology, Gaziosmanpaşa University, Tokat, Turkey.
authors.forename: Akgül
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Arıcı
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Gaziosmanpaşa University, Tokat, Turkey.
authors.forename: İlknur
authors.initials: İ
authors.lastname: Bütün
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Gaziosmanpaşa University, Tokat, Turkey.
authors.forename: Murat
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Uysal
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Gaziosmanpaşa University, Tokat, Turkey.
authors.forename: Hilal
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Irmak Sapmaz
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gaziosmanpaşa University, Tokat, Turkey.
authors.forename: Çiğdem
authors.initials: Ç
authors.lastname: Kunt İşgüder
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gaziosmanpaşa University, Tokat, Turkey.
authors.forename: Hatice
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yılmaz Doğru
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Gaziosmanpaşa University, Tokat, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ufuk
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Taş
mesh_terms: D058668:Adrenergic alpha-1 Receptor Antagonists / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D002227:Carbazoles / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000077261:Carvedilol; D053148:Caspase 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D010053:Ovary / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D011412:Propanolamines / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D014102:Torsion Abnormality / Q000150:complications; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D058668:Adrenergic alpha-1 Receptor Antagonists; C494828:Bax protein, rat; D002227:Carbazoles; D011412:Propanolamines; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein; D000077261:Carvedilol; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; C505410:Casp3 protein, rat; D053148:Caspase 3
keywords: Carvediol; ischemia/reperfusion injury; ovarian torsion; rat model