title: Mild hypothermia attenuate kidney injury in canines with oleic acid-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hypothermia may attenuate ventilator induced-lung injury in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). However, the impact of hypothermia on extra-pulmonary organ injury in ARDS remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether hypothermia affects extra-pulmonary organ injury in a canine ARDS model induced by oleic acid.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Twelve anesthetized canines with oleic acid-induced ARDS were randomly divided (n=6 per group) into a hypothermia group (core temperature of 33±1°C, HT group) and a normothermia group (core temperature of 38±1°C, NT group) and treated for four hours. The liver, small intestine and kidney were assessed by evaluating biochemical parameters, plasma and tissue cytokine levels, and tissue histopathological injury scores.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The HT group showed a lower plateau pressure, lung elastance and pulmonary vascular resistance. Hypothermia was associated with lower oxygen consumption (138.4±55.0mlmin(-1)vs. 72.0±11.2mlmin(-1), P<0.05) and higher oxygen saturation of mixed venous blood (62.8%±8.0% vs. 77.5%±10.1%, P<0.05). Both groups had similar levels of tumour necrosis factor-α in the plasma and extra-pulmonary organ, however, plasma interleukin-10 (97.1±25.0pgml(-1)vs. 131.4±27.0pgml(-1), P<0.05) was higher in the HT group. Further, the animals in the HT group had a lower levels of plasma creatinine (54.6±19.1UL(-1)vs. 29.1±8.0UL(-1), P<0.05), and lower renal histopathological injury scores [4.0(3.5;7.0) vs. 1.5(0.8;3.0), P<0.05]. Hypothermia did not affect the histopathological injury of the liver and small intestine.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Short-term mild hypothermia can reduce lung elastance and pulmonary vascular resistance, increase the systemic anti-inflammatory response and attenuate kidney histopathological injury in a canine ARDS model induced by oleic acid.
authors.affiliation: Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, PR China. Electronic address: xiajingen_00632@163.com.
authors.forename: Jingen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xia
authors.affiliation: Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China. Electronic address: liran1987319@163.com.
authors.forename: Ran
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China. Electronic address: graceful_angle@163.com.
authors.forename: Rui
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China. Electronic address: zhangli-1983@163.com.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China. Electronic address: ricusunbing@126.com.
authors.forename: Bing
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, PR China. Electronic address: daisel@163.com.
authors.forename: Yingying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.affiliation: Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China. Electronic address: 13811509017@163.com.
authors.forename: Jingjing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.affiliation: Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China. Electronic address: xuehuaalice@126.com.
authors.forename: Linna
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, PR China. Electronic address: drzhanqy@163.com.
authors.forename: Qingyuan
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004285:Dogs; D007036:Hypothermia, Induced / Q000379:methods*; D007421:Intestine, Small / Q000293:injuries / Q000473:pathology; D007668:Kidney / Q000293:injuries* / Q000473:pathology*; D008099:Liver / Q000293:injuries / Q000473:pathology; D008168:Lung / Q000473:pathology*; D019301:Oleic Acid; D012128:Respiratory Distress Syndrome / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000150:complications*
chemical_list: D019301:Oleic Acid
keywords: Acute respiratory distress syndrome; Hypothermia; Kidney injury; Mechanical ventilation; Multiple organs failure; Ventilator induced-lung injury