title: Molecular systematics and DNA barcoding of Altai osmans, oreoleuciscus (pisces, cyprinidae, and leuciscinae), and their nearest relatives, inferred from sequences of cytochrome b (Cyt-b), cytochrome oxidase c (Co-1), and complete mitochondrial genome.
abstract: Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) at the protein-coding Cyt-b gene along with data retrieved from GenBank for Co-1 gene fragments and complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of Altai osmans and the nearest relatives of Leuciscinae fish species were compared for the estimation of variability and phylogenetic tree building. Phylogenetic trees were built by four techniques: Bayesian (BA), maximum likelihood (ML), maximum parsimony (MP), and neighbor-joining (NJ). Resolution of Cyt-b trees for species of two genera (Oreoleuciscus and Phoxinus) was quite distinct at all the approaches. For Tribolodon, the single gene trees were not well resolved; however, the mitogenome tree was resolved. Species identification on per individual basis (DNA barcoding) was high for both Cyt-b and Co-1 genes. The trees built using the data for 13 protein mitochondrial genes revealed a complicated phylogenetic pattern within the subfamily Leuciscinae. Scores of the average p-distances at three taxonomic levels were considerably different: (1) 1.16 ± 0.96, (2) 8.21 ± 1.01, and (3) 16.41 ± 0.85 for Cyt-b and (1) 1.04 ± 0.78, (2) 8.30 ± 0.92, and (3) 10.74 ± 0.79 for 13 protein genes of mitogenome, where (1) is intraspecies, (2) is intragenus, and (3) is intrasubfamily levels. Data on mitogenome distances were summarized for the taxonomic hierarchy for the first time. A concordant increase in distance score with growth of the rank of taxa (having the minimum score at the intraspecies level), both for a single gene and the whole mitogenome, substantiates the concept that speciation in the subfamily Leuciscinae in most cases follows the geographic mode. The distinct clustering of Altai osmans, Oreoleuciscus potanini and O. humilis, in the Cyt-b and Co-1 gene trees with small overall genetic distances, obtained for both genes, allows us to consider these taxa as separate but genetically sister species.
authors.affiliation: a A.V. Zhirmunsky Institute of Marine Biology FEB RAS , Vladivostok , Russian Federation.|b Far Eastern Federal University, School of Natural Sciences , Vladivostok , Russian Federation.
authors.forename: Yuri Phedorovich
authors.initials: YP
authors.lastname: Kartavtsev
authors.affiliation: a A.V. Zhirmunsky Institute of Marine Biology FEB RAS , Vladivostok , Russian Federation.
authors.forename: Natalia M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Batischeva
authors.affiliation: c Naturhistorisches Museum Wien , Vienna , Austria.
authors.forename: Nina G
authors.initials: NG
authors.lastname: Bogutskaya
authors.affiliation: a A.V. Zhirmunsky Institute of Marine Biology FEB RAS , Vladivostok , Russian Federation.|b Far Eastern Federal University, School of Natural Sciences , Vladivostok , Russian Federation.
authors.forename: Anna O
authors.initials: AO
authors.lastname: Katugina
authors.affiliation: d Yamagata University, Graduate school of Science and Engineering , Yamagata , Japan.
authors.forename: Naoto
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hanzawa
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003530:Cyprinidae / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics; D045303:Cytochromes b / Q000235:genetics*; D058893:DNA Barcoding, Taxonomic / Q000379:methods*; D003576:Electron Transport Complex IV / Q000235:genetics*; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D029941:Fish Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D054629:Genome, Mitochondrial; D010802:Phylogeny; D013045:Species Specificity
chemical_list: D029941:Fish Proteins; D045303:Cytochromes b; D003576:Electron Transport Complex IV
keywords: Co-1; Cyt-b; DNA barcoding; fish evolution; molecular phylogeny; mtDNA; nucleotide composition; p-distance; sequence divergence; taxonomy