title: Increasing Polymer Solar Cell Fill Factor by Trap-Filling with F4-TCNQ at Parts Per Thousand Concentration.
abstract: Intrinsic traps in organic semiconductors can be eliminated by trap-filling with F4-TCNQ. Photovoltaic tests show that devices with F4-TCNQ at parts per thousand concentration outperform control devices due to an improved fill factor. Further studies confirm the trap-filling pathway and demonstrate the general nature of this finding.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3H6, Canada.
authors.forename: Han
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3H6, Canada.
authors.forename: Joseph G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Manion
authors.affiliation: The Edward S. Rogers Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G4, Canada.
authors.forename: Mingjian
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.affiliation: The Edward S. Rogers Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G4, Canada.
authors.forename: F Pelayo
authors.initials: FP
authors.lastname: García de Arquer
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3H6, Canada.
authors.forename: George R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: McKeown
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Université Laval, Avenue de la Médecine, Québec City, Québec, G1V 0A6, Canada.
authors.forename: Serge
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Beaupré
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Université Laval, Avenue de la Médecine, Québec City, Québec, G1V 0A6, Canada.
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Leclerc
authors.affiliation: The Edward S. Rogers Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G4, Canada.
authors.forename: Edward H
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Sargent
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3H6, Canada.
authors.forename: Dwight S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Seferos
keywords: fill factor; organic solar cells; trap-assisted recombination; trap-filling