title: Vitamin D and Risk of Neuroimaging Abnormalities.
abstract: Vitamin D deficiency has been linked with an increased risk of incident all-cause dementia and Alzheimer's disease. The aim of the current study was to explore the potential mechanisms underlying these associations by determining whether low vitamin D concentrations are associated with the development of incident cerebrovascular and neurodegenerative neuroimaging abnormalities. The population consisted of 1,658 participants aged ≥65 years from the US-based Cardiovascular Health Study who were free from prevalent cardiovascular disease, stroke and dementia at baseline in 1992-93. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations were determined by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry from blood samples collected at baseline. The first MRI scan was conducted between 1991-1994 and the second MRI scan was conducted between 1997-1999. Change in white matter grade, ventricular grade and presence of infarcts between MRI scan one and two were used to define neuroimaging abnormalities. During a mean follow-up of 5.0 years, serum 25(OH)D status was not significantly associated with the development of any neuroimaging abnormalities. Using logistic regression models, the multivariate adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence interval) for worsening white matter grade in participants who were severely 25(OH)D deficient (<25 nmol/L) and deficient (≥25-50 nmol/L) were 0.76 (0.35-1.66) and 1.09 (0.76-1.55) compared to participants with sufficient concentrations (≥50 nmol/L). The multivariate adjusted odds ratios for ventricular grade in participants who were severely 25(OH)D deficient and deficient were 0.49 (0.20-1.19) and 1.12 (0.79-1.59) compared to those sufficient. The multivariate adjusted odds ratios for incident infarcts in participants who were severely 25(OH)D deficient and deficient were 1.95 (0.84-4.54) and 0.73 (0.47-1.95) compared to those sufficient. Overall, serum vitamin D concentrations could not be shown to be associated with the development of cerebrovascular or neurodegenerative neuroimaging abnormalities in Cardiovascular Health Study participants.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.|University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Thomas J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Littlejohns
authors.affiliation: University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Katarina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kos
authors.affiliation: University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: William E
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Henley
authors.affiliation: University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Iain A
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Lang
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience, Geriatrics Division, Angers University Hospital, Angers, France.
authors.forename: Cedric
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Annweiler
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience, Geriatrics Division, Angers University Hospital, Angers, France.
authors.forename: Olivier
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Beauchet
authors.affiliation: Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, United States of America.
authors.forename: Paulo H M
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Chaves
authors.affiliation: Kidney Research Institute, Division of Nephrology, University of Washington, Seattle, United States of America.
authors.forename: Bryan R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Kestenbaum
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, United States of America.
authors.forename: Lewis H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Kuller
authors.affiliation: Division of General Medicine, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America.|Institute for Social Research, Institute of Gerontology and Institute for Healthcare Policy and Innovation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America.|Veteran Affairs Center for Clinical Management Research, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America.
authors.forename: Kenneth M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Langa
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology and Psychiatry Division of General Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, United States of America.
authors.forename: Oscar L
authors.initials: OL
authors.lastname: Lopez
authors.affiliation: University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Llewellyn
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D059906:Neuroimaging; D016017:Odds Ratio; D012307:Risk Factors; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D014807:Vitamin D; C104450:25-hydroxyvitamin D