title: Ginsenoside Rd Protects Against Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury Via Decreasing the Expression of the NMDA Receptor 2B Subunit and its Phosphorylated Product.
abstract: Ginsenoside Rd (GSRd) is one of the active ingredients in ginseng. Recent studies have shown that GSRd can protect against cerebral ischemia through several pathways, one of which is mediated by the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR). In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of GSRd on the phosphorylation of the NMDAR 2B subunit (NR2B subunit) in cerebral ischemia. Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) models induced by transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) and oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD) were used to mimic in vivo or in vitro injury during cerebral ischemia. The models were pretreated or post-treated with GSRd after MCAO or OGD. As a vehicle control, 1,3-propanediol was used. The expression levels of the NR2B subunit and the phosphorylated NR2B subunit were determined using western blotting. GSRd significantly improved the behavior score, infarct volume, and viability of the cultured neurons after ischemia. GSRd inhibited the hyperphosphorylation of NR2B subunit and decreased the expression levels of NR2B subunit in cell membrane but did not change their levels in the total proteins after IRI. GSRd protected Sprague-Dawley rats and cultured neurons from IRI via inhibiting the hyperphosphorylation of NR2B subunit and decreasing its expression levels in cell membrane.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.|Department 2 of Neurology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, China.
authors.forename: Zhen
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
authors.forename: Ming
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
authors.forename: Chen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
authors.forename: Haibo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
authors.forename: Hao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hui
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China. zhaogang@fmmu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Gang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zhao
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000517:prevention & control; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D036145:Ginsenosides / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000517:prevention & control
chemical_list: D036145:Ginsenosides; C121001:NR2B NMDA receptor; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; C049863:ginsenoside Rd
keywords: Cerebral ischemia; GSRd; NR2B subunit; Phosphorylation