title: The Association between Obesity, Blood Pressure Variability, and Right Ventricular Function and Mechanics in Hypertensive Patients.
abstract: The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the association between blood pressure (BP) variability and right ventricular (RV) mechanical function in normal-weight, overweight, and obese untreated patients with hypertension.
  
  
  
  This retrospective cross-sectional study included 127 untreated subjects with hypertension who underwent 24-hour ambulatory BP monitoring and complete two-dimensional and three-dimensional echocardiographic examination. All participants were divided into three groups according to body mass index (BMI): normal-weight patients (BMI < 25 kg/m(2)), overweight patients (25 ≤ BMI < 30 kg/m(2)), and obese patients (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m(2)).
  
  
  
  Daytime, nighttime, and 24-hour BP variability parameters were higher in overweight and obese subjects with hypertension than in lean subjects. Two-dimensional RV longitudinal strain and systolic strain rate were significantly lower in obese patients with hypertension than in normal-weight patients (-24.1 ± 3% vs -23.3 ± 3.2% vs -21.7 ± 3.3%, P = .004). Three-dimensional echocardiographic RV volumes indexed to body surface area were lower in lean and overweight subjects than in obese participants with hypertension (mean RV end-diastolic volume index, 65 ± 6 vs 67 ± 7 vs 71 ± 8 mL/m(2), P = .001), while three-dimensional RV ejection fraction decreased in the same direction (60 ± 4% vs 58 ± 3% vs 57 ± 3%, P < .001). Nighttime BP variability indices, more than daytime BP variability parameters, correlated with two-dimensional RV global longitudinal strain and three-dimensional echocardiographic RV volumes.
  
  
  
  BP variability and RV structure, function, and mechanics are significantly affected by obesity in patients with untreated hypertension. BP variability is significantly associated with RV remodeling in patients with hypertension.
authors.affiliation: University Clinical Hospital Center "Dr. Dragisa Misovic - Dedinje," Cardiology Department, Belgrade, Serbia; Faculty of Medicine, Belgrade, Serbia. Electronic address: marijana_tadic@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Marijana
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tadic
authors.affiliation: University of Milan-Bicocca and Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Clinical Research Unit, Meda, Italy.
authors.forename: Cesare
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cuspidi
authors.affiliation: University Clinical Hospital Center "Dr. Dragisa Misovic - Dedinje," Cardiology Department, Belgrade, Serbia.
authors.forename: Vladan
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Vukomanovic
authors.affiliation: University Clinical Hospital Center "Dr. Dragisa Misovic - Dedinje," Cardiology Department, Belgrade, Serbia.
authors.forename: Vesna
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Kocijancic
authors.affiliation: University Clinical Hospital Center "Dr. Dragisa Misovic - Dedinje," Cardiology Department, Belgrade, Serbia; Faculty of Medicine, Belgrade, Serbia.
authors.forename: Vera
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Celic
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, Belgrade, Serbia; Institute for Medical Statistics and Informatics, Belgrade, Serbia.
authors.forename: Dejana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Stanisavljevic
mesh_terms: D001794:Blood Pressure; D015897:Comorbidity; D004452:Echocardiography / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007558:Italy / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D015995:Prevalence; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012307:Risk Factors; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D018497:Ventricular Dysfunction, Right / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology*
keywords: Hypertension; Obesity; Overweight; Right ventricle; Three-dimensional echocardiography; Two-dimensional strain