title: Illness Perceptions, Medication Beliefs, and Adherence to Antiretrovirals and Medications for Comorbidities in Adults With HIV Infection and Hypertension or Chronic Kidney Disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Mortality in patients with HIV infection is increasingly due to comorbid medical conditions. Research on how adherence to medications for comorbidities relates to antiretroviral (ARV) medication adherence and how interrelations between illness perceptions and medication beliefs about HIV and comorbidities affect medication adherence is needed to inform adherence interventions.
  
  
  METHODS
  HIV-infected adults with hypertension (HTN) (n = 151) or chronic kidney disease (CKD; n = 41) were recruited from ambulatory practices at an academic medical center. Illness perceptions and medication beliefs about HIV and HTN or CKD were assessed and adherence to one ARV medication and one medication for either HTN or CKD was electronically monitored for 10 weeks.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Rates of taking, dosing, and timing adherence to ARV medication did not differ from adherence to medication for HTN or CKD, with the exception that patients were more adherent to the timing of their ARV (78%) than to the timing of their antihypertensive (68%; P = 0.01). Patients viewed HIV as better understood, more chronic, having more negative consequences, and eliciting more emotions, compared with HTN. Patients viewed ARVs as more necessary than medication for HTN or CKD. Having a realistic view of the efficacy of ARVs (r = -0.20; P < 0.05) and a high level of perceived HIV understanding (r = 0.21; P < 0.05) correlated with better ARV adherence.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients with HIV showed similar rates of adherence to ARVs as to medications for comorbidities, despite perceiving HIV as more threatening and ARVs as more important. This can be used in adapting existing interventions for ARV adherence to encompass adherence to medications for comorbid conditions.
authors.affiliation: *Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY; †Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY; ‡Department of Nephrology-Transplantation-Dialysis, Pellegrin Hospital, Bordeaux, France; §Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY; ‖School of Medicine, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT; ¶Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA; #Department of Internal Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY; **College of Medicine, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY; ††Clinical Addiction Research and Education (CARE) Unit, General Internal Medicine, Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA; ‡‡School of Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland; §§Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA; and ‖‖Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY.
authors.forename: Jeffrey J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Weiss
authors.forename: Ioannis
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Konstantinidis
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Boueilh
authors.forename: Daniel S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Fierer
authors.forename: Donald
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gardenier
authors.forename: Mark G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Barber
authors.forename: Tony
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kress
authors.forename: Katherine
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ericson
authors.forename: Marlene C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Lira
authors.forename: Marina P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Yostos
authors.forename: Hillary R
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Bogner
authors.forename: Juan P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Wisnivesky
authors.forename: Christina M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Wyatt
mesh_terms: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000523:psychology; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications*; D008297:Male; D055118:Medication Adherence; D008875:Middle Aged; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000150:complications*; D019562:Viral Load
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents