title: Oncogenic viruses: Lessons learned using next-generation sequencing technologies.
abstract: Fifteen percent of cancers are driven by oncogenic human viruses. Four of those viruses, hepatitis B virus, human papillomavirus, Merkel cell polyomavirus, and human T-cell lymphotropic virus, integrate the host genome. Viral oncogenesis is the result of epigenetic and genetic alterations that happen during viral integration. So far, little data have been available regarding integration mechanisms and modifications in the host genome. However, the emergence of high-throughput sequencing and bioinformatic tools enables researchers to establish the landscape of genomic alterations and predict the events that follow viral integration. Cooperative working groups are currently investigating these factors in large data sets. Herein, we provide novel insights into the initiating events of cancer onset during infection with integrative viruses. Although much remains to be discovered, many improvements are expected from the clinical point of view, from better prognosis classifications to better therapeutic strategies.
authors.affiliation: University Hospital Pitié Salpêtrière, Department of Medical Oncology, University Pierre and Marie Curie, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Ronan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Flippot
authors.affiliation: University Hospital Pitié Salpêtrière, Department of Medical Oncology, University Pierre and Marie Curie, Paris, France. Electronic address: gabriel.malouf@aphp.fr.
authors.forename: Gabriel G
authors.initials: GG
authors.lastname: Malouf
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, U.S.A.
authors.forename: Xiaoping
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Su
authors.affiliation: University Hospital Pitié Salpêtrière, Department of Medical Oncology, University Pierre and Marie Curie, Paris, France.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Khayat
authors.affiliation: University Hospital Pitié Salpêtrière, Department of Medical Oncology, University Pierre and Marie Curie, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Jean-Philippe
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Spano
mesh_terms: D019295:Computational Biology / Q000379:methods; D016679:Genome, Viral; D023281:Genomics / Q000379:methods; D059014:High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000821:virology*; D009858:Oncogenic Viruses / Q000235:genetics*; D014777:Virus Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis*; D016662:Virus Integration / Q000235:genetics
keywords: Cancer; Integration; NGS; Next-generation sequencing; Virus