title: Bcl-2 as a Therapeutic Target in Human Tubulointerstitial Inflammation.
abstract: In lupus nephritis, tubulointerstitial inflammation (TII) is associated with in situ adaptive immune cell networks that amplify local tissue damage. Since conventional therapy appears ineffective for severe TII, and these patients often progress to renal failure, understanding in situ mechanisms might reveal new therapeutic targets. This study was undertaken to assess whether dysregulated apoptotic regulators maintain local adaptive immunity and drive inflammation in TII.
  
  
  
  This study utilized novel computational approaches that, when applied to multicolor confocal images, quantified apoptotic regulator protein expression in selected lymphocyte subsets. This approach was validated using laser-capture microdissection (LCM) coupled to quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Furthermore, the consequences of dysregulated apoptotic mediator expression were explored in a murine model of lupus nephritis.
  
  
  
  Analyses of renal biopsy tissue from patients with lupus nephritis and those with mixed cellular renal allograft rejection revealed that the B cell lymphoma 2 protein (Bcl-2) was frequently expressed in infiltrating lymphocytes, whereas expression of myeloid cell leukemia 1 was low. In contrast, the reciprocal pattern of expression was observed in tonsil germinal centers. These results were consistent with RNA expression data obtained using LCM and qPCR. Bcl-2 was also highly expressed in tubulointerstitial infiltrates in (NZB × NZW)F1 (NZB/NZW) mice. Furthermore, treatment of NZB/NZW mice with ABT-199, a selective oral inhibitor of Bcl-2, prolonged survival and prevented proteinuria and development of TII in a lupus prevention model. Interestingly, glomerular immune complexes were partially ameliorated by ABT-199 treatment, and serum anti-double-stranded DNA antibody titers were unaffected.
  
  
  
  These data demonstrate that Bcl-2 is an attractive therapeutic target in patients with lupus nephritis who manifest TII.
authors.affiliation: University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.
authors.forename: Kichul
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ko
authors.affiliation: University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.
authors.forename: Jianing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Stuart Perper, BS, Susan Westmoreland, VMD, Lisa Olson, PhD, Li Chun Wang, PhD: AbbVie, AbbVie Bioresearch Center, Worcester, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Stuart
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Perper
authors.affiliation: University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.
authors.forename: Yulei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.
authors.forename: Denisse
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Yanez
authors.affiliation: University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.
authors.forename: Natalya
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kaverina
authors.affiliation: University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.
authors.forename: Junting
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ai
authors.affiliation: University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.
authors.forename: Vladimir M
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Liarski
authors.affiliation: University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.
authors.forename: Anthony
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-6877-5510
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.
authors.forename: Yahui
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-2520-1170
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.affiliation: University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lan
authors.affiliation: Stuart Perper, BS, Susan Westmoreland, VMD, Lisa Olson, PhD, Li Chun Wang, PhD: AbbVie, AbbVie Bioresearch Center, Worcester, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Westmoreland
authors.affiliation: Stuart Perper, BS, Susan Westmoreland, VMD, Lisa Olson, PhD, Li Chun Wang, PhD: AbbVie, AbbVie Bioresearch Center, Worcester, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Lisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Olson
authors.affiliation: University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.
authors.forename: Maryellen L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Giger
authors.affiliation: Stuart Perper, BS, Susan Westmoreland, VMD, Lisa Olson, PhD, Li Chun Wang, PhD: AbbVie, AbbVie Bioresearch Center, Worcester, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chun Wang
authors.affiliation: University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois. mclark@medicine.bsd.uchicago.edu.
authors.forename: Marcus R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Clark
mesh_terms: D056704:Adaptive Immunity / Q000276:immunology; D000818:Animals; D000936:Antigen-Antibody Complex / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D017209:Apoptosis; D000072224:Bcl-2-Like Protein 11 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D019086:Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D018858:Germinal Center / Q000378:metabolism; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007249:Inflammation; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D007678:Kidney Glomerulus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D016030:Kidney Transplantation; D061346:Laser Capture Microdissection; D008181:Lupus Nephritis / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D008814:Mice, Inbred NZB; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D064549:Myeloid Cell Leukemia Sequence 1 Protein / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D009395:Nephritis, Interstitial / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D014066:Palatine Tonsil; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D013449:Sulfonamides / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000936:Antigen-Antibody Complex; C000595707:BCL2 protein, human; D000072224:Bcl-2-Like Protein 11; D019086:Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic; C579095:MCL1 protein, human; D064549:Myeloid Cell Leukemia Sequence 1 Protein; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D013449:Sulfonamides; C579720:venetoclax