title: Cocoa pod husk: A new source of CLEA-lipase for preparation of low-cost biodiesel: An optimized process.
abstract: Enzymatic reactions involving lipases as catalyst in transesterification can be an excellent alternative to produce environmental-friendly biodiesel. In this study, lipase extracted from Cocoa Pod Husk (CPH) and immobilized through cross linked enzyme aggregate (CLEA) technology catalysed the transesterification of Jatropha curcas oil successfully. Face centered central composite design (FCCCD) under response surface methodology (RSM) was used to get the optimal conditions of 3% (w/w) enzyme loading, 4h reaction time and 1:6 oil/ethanol ratio to achieve the highest conversion of free fatty acid and glycerides into biodiesel (93%). The reusability of CLEA-lipase was tested and after seven cycles, the conversion percentage reduced to 58%. The results revealed that CLEA lipase from CPH is a potential catalyst for biodiesel production.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, International IslamicUniversity Malaysia, P.O. Box 10, 50728 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Electronic address: Sophia.khan.ahmadi@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Soofia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Khanahmadi
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, International IslamicUniversity Malaysia, P.O. Box 10, 50728 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Faridah
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Yusof
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Electronic address: onghc@um.edu.my.
authors.forename: Hwai
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Chyuan Ong
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, International IslamicUniversity Malaysia, P.O. Box 10, 50728 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Azura
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Amid
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, International IslamicUniversity Malaysia, P.O. Box 10, 50728 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Harmen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shah
mesh_terms: D056804:Biofuels; D002099:Cacao / Q000201:enzymology*; D031286:Jatropha / Q000737:chemistry*; D008049:Lipase / Q000378:metabolism*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry*; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000378:metabolism*; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D012639:Seeds / Q000201:enzymology*
chemical_list: D056804:Biofuels; D010936:Plant Extracts; D010938:Plant Oils; D010940:Plant Proteins; D008049:Lipase
keywords: Biodiesel; CLEA-lipase; Cocoa pod husk; Face centered central composite design; Jatropha curcas oil; Response surface methodology