title: Cognitive Determinants of Academic Performance in Nigerian Pharmacy Schools.
abstract: Objective. To evaluate cognitive factors that might influence academic performance of students in Nigerian pharmacy schools. Methods. A cross-sectional, multi-center survey of Nigerian pharmacy students from 7 schools of pharmacy was conducted using 2 validated questionnaires measuring cognitive constructs such as test anxiety, academic competence, test competence, time management, and strategic study habits. Results. Female students and older students scored significantly better on time management skills and study habits, respectively. Test anxiety was negatively associated with academic performance while test competence, academic competence, and time management were positively associated with academic performance. These 4 constructs significantly discriminated between the lower and higher performing students, with the first 2 contributing to the most differences. Conclusion. Test and academic competence, test anxiety, and time management were significant factors associated with low and high academic performance among Nigerian pharmacy students. The study also demonstrated the significant effects of age, gender, and marital status on these constructs.
authors.affiliation: University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Chukwuemeka M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Ubaka
authors.affiliation: University of Houston College of Pharmacy, Houston, Texas.
authors.forename: Sujit S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Sansgiry
authors.affiliation: University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Chinwe V
authors.initials: CV
authors.lastname: Ukwe
mesh_terms: D000124:Achievement; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D003071:Cognition; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004512:Education, Pharmacy / Q000592:standards*; D004521:Educational Measurement; D004522:Educational Status; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009549:Nigeria; D060805:Performance Anxiety; D012580:Schools, Pharmacy / Q000592:standards*; D013339:Students, Pharmacy; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D017748:Time Management
keywords: Nigeria; academic performance; cognitive variables; pharmacy students