title: Usefulness of endoscopic resection using the band ligation method for rectal neuroendocrine tumors.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Rectal neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are among the most common of gastrointestinal NETs. Due to recent advances in endoscopy, various methods of complete endoscopic resection have been introduced for small (≤10 mm) rectal NETs. However, there is a debate about the optimal treatment for rectal NETs. In our study, we aimed to evaluate the efficacy and feasibility of endoscopic resection using pneumoband and elastic band (ER-BL) for rectal NETs smaller than 10 mm in diameter.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 55 patients who were diagnosed with rectal NET from January 2004 to December 2011 at Gil Medical Center were analyzed retrospectively. Sixteen patients underwent ER-BL. For comparison, 39 patients underwent conventional endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR).
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was a markedly lower deep margin positive rate for ER-BL than for conventional EMR (6% [1/16] vs. 46% [18/39], P=0.029). Four patients who underwent conventional EMR experienced perforation or bleeding. However, they recovered within a few days. On the other hand, patients whounderwent endoscopic resection using a pneumoband did not experience any complications. In multivariate analysis, ER-BL (P=0.021) was independently associated with complete resection.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ER-BL is an effective endoscopic treatment with regards to deep margin resection for rectal NET smaller than 10 mm.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Gachon University College of Medicine, Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Korea.
authors.forename: Ju Seung
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Gachon University College of Medicine, Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Korea.
authors.forename: Yoon Jae
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Gachon University College of Medicine, Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Korea.
authors.forename: Jun-Won
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Gachon University College of Medicine, Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Korea.
authors.forename: Jung Ho
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Gachon University College of Medicine, Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Korea.
authors.forename: Kyoung Oh
authors.initials: KO
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Gachon University College of Medicine, Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Korea.
authors.forename: Kwang An
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Gachon University College of Medicine, Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Korea.
authors.forename: Dong Kyun
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Gachon University College of Medicine, Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Korea.
authors.forename: Jung Suk
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: An
keywords: Elastic band; Endoscopic mucosal resection; Neuroendocrine tumors; Pneumoband; Rectum