title: Detection of blaOXA-23-likeand blaNDM-1in Acinetobacter baumannii from the Eastern Region, Saudi Arabia.
abstract: Acinetobacter baumannii is currently considered as one of the most common successful pathogens in the healthcare system due to its ability to quickly develop resistance. Ten carbapenem-resistant A. calcoaceticus-baumannii complex were isolated from the eastern region, Saudi Arabia in 2014. All isolates were resistant to ciprofloxacin, however, 8 of 10 isolates were tigecycline resistant. Susceptibility test was also carried out for three aminoglycosides, resistance to gentamicin was 80%, amikacin was 90%, and tobramycin was 50%. Colistin susceptibility was seen in all isolates. The 10 isolates harbored blaOXA-23-likeand ISAba1 and 9 of them also carried blaADC. Three isolates of 10 harbored blaNDM-1coding for NDM metallo-β-lactamase (MBL) with coexistence of blaADCtogether with either blaGESor blaTEMor both. Those three isolates exhibited negative Etest MBL screening test. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis revealed the high clonal variability of the isolates, although two isolates were indistinguishable. The risk of dissemination of carbapenem resistance through presence of ISAba1 upstream of OXA-23-like in all isolates raises the concern about emergence of higher carbapenem prevalence rates in the future in our region. This study also demonstrated the importance of molecular surveillance to provide accurate and reliable data about the resistance rates of A. baumannii. Finally, the high incidence of NDM-1 among our isolates requires a routine surveillance to monitor the future prevalence of this enzyme in the region.
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University , Hofuf, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia .|2 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University , Cairo, Egypt .
authors.forename: Taghrid S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: El-Mahdy
authors.affiliation: 3 Department of Pharmaceutics and Microbiology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University , Riyadh, Saudi Arabia .|4 Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University , Cairo, Egypt .
authors.forename: Mohamed H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Al-Agamy
authors.affiliation: 5 Department of Infection and Immunity, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center , Riyadh, Saudi Arabia .
authors.forename: Ahmed A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Al-Qahtani
authors.affiliation: 3 Department of Pharmaceutics and Microbiology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University , Riyadh, Saudi Arabia .
authors.forename: Atef M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Shibl
mesh_terms: D000151:Acinetobacter Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D040981:Acinetobacter baumannii / Q000145:classification / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D000617:Aminoglycosides / Q000494:pharmacology; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D015780:Carbapenems / Q000494:pharmacology; D002939:Ciprofloxacin / Q000494:pharmacology; D024901:Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics*; D016521:Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field; D015964:Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; D022761:Gene Transfer, Horizontal; D006801:Humans; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D008911:Minocycline / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D010802:Phylogeny; D010957:Plasmids / Q000737:chemistry / Q000145:classification / Q000378:metabolism*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015995:Prevalence; D062486:Public Health Surveillance; D012529:Saudi Arabia / Q000453:epidemiology; D000078304:Tigecycline; D001618:beta-Lactamases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000617:Aminoglycosides; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D015780:Carbapenems; D002939:Ciprofloxacin; D000078304:Tigecycline; D001618:beta-Lactamases; C552864:beta-lactamase NDM-1; C000599728:beta-lactamase OXA-23, Acinetobacter baumannii; D008911:Minocycline
keywords: Acinetobacter baumannii; Saudi Arabia; carbapenem resistance; β-lactamase