title: Occurrence, Distribution, and Accumulation of Pesticides in Exterior Residential Areas.
abstract: Pesticides are commonly applied around residential homes, but their occurrence on exterior surfaces (e.g., pavement) has not been thoroughly evaluated. We collected 360 dust samples from curbside gutters, sidewalks, and street surfaces at 40 houses in southern California to evaluate pesticide occurrence on urban paved surfaces as well as their spatial and temporal distributions. Pesticides and select degradates were ubiquitously detected in dust, with the median concentration of total target analytes at 85 μg kg-1. A total of 75% of samples contained at least five pesticides. As a result of recurring pesticide applications, concentrations increased throughout the summer. The pyrethroids bifenthrin and permethrin accounted for 55% of total pesticides detected in the dust. The highest concentrations in dust were found on the sidewalk and in the gutter. Relative to indoor environments, human exposure risk to pesticides on paved surfaces was estimated to be lower, with the highest potential oral and dermal exposure predicted to be 38 ng day-1for permethrin. The ubiquitous detection of pesticides on residential outdoor surfaces and the fact that the exterior concentrations did not correlate to the indoor areas highlight the necessity to measure pesticides in both indoor and outdoor areas for complete residential pesticide risk assessment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside , Riverside, California 92521, United States.|California Department of Pesticide Regulation , Sacramento, California 95812, United States.
authors.forename: Weiying
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside , Riverside, California 92521, United States.|Department of Physical & Environmental Sciences, Texas A&M University-Corpus Christi , Corpus Christi, Texas 78412, United States.
authors.forename: Jeremy L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Conkle
authors.affiliation: California Department of Pesticide Regulation , Sacramento, California 95812, United States.
authors.forename: Yuzhou
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside , Riverside, California 92521, United States.|College of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University , Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Juying
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Statistics, University of California, Riverside , Riverside, California 92521, United States.
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside , Riverside, California 92521, United States.
authors.forename: Jay
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gan
mesh_terms: D016902:Air Pollution, Indoor; D004391:Dust; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D006798:Housing; D026023:Permethrin; D010575:Pesticides
chemical_list: D004391:Dust; D010575:Pesticides; D026023:Permethrin