title: Thermostabilization of inactivated polio vaccine in PLGA-based microspheres for pulsatile release.
abstract: Vaccines are a critical clinical tool in preventing illness and death due to infectious diseases and are regularly administered to children and adults across the globe. In order to obtain full protection from many vaccines, an individual needs to receive multiple doses over the course of months. However, vaccine administration in developing countries is limited by the difficulty in consistently delivering a second or third dose, and some vaccines, including the inactivated polio vaccine (IPV), must be injected more than once for efficacy. In addition, IPV does not remain stable over time at elevated temperatures, such as those it would encounter over time in the body if it were to be injected as a single-administration vaccine. In this manuscript, we describe microspheres composed of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) that can encapsulate IPV along with stabilizing excipients and release immunogenic IPV over the course of several weeks. Additionally, pH-sensitive, cationic dopants such as Eudragit E polymer caused clinically relevant amounts of stable IPV release upon degradation of the PLGA matrix. Specifically, IPV was released in two separate bursts, mimicking the delivery of two boluses approximately one month apart. In one of our top formulations, 1.4, 1.1, and 1.2 doses of the IPV serotype 1, 2, and 3, respectively, were released within the first few days from 50mg of particles. During the delayed, second burst, 0.5, 0.8, and 0.6 doses of each serotype, respectively, were released; thus, 50mg of these particles released approximately two clinical doses spaced a month apart. Immunization of rats with the leading microsphere formulation showed more robust and long-lasting humoral immune response compared to a single bolus injection and was statistically non-inferior from two bolus injections spaced 1 month apart. By minimizing the number of administrations of a vaccine, such as IPV, this technology can serve as a tool to aid in the eradication of polio and other infectious diseases for the improvement of global health.
authors.affiliation: David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
authors.forename: Stephany Y
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Tzeng
authors.affiliation: David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
authors.forename: Rohiverth
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Guarecuco
authors.affiliation: David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
authors.forename: Kevin J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: McHugh
authors.affiliation: David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
authors.forename: Sviatlana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rose
authors.affiliation: David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
authors.forename: Evan M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Rosenberg
authors.affiliation: David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
authors.forename: Yingying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zeng
authors.affiliation: David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. Electronic address: rlanger@mit.edu.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Langer
authors.affiliation: David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. Electronic address: jaklenec@mit.edu.
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jaklenec
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry; D065546:Drug Liberation; D004355:Drug Stability; D005260:Female; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D008863:Microspheres; D011054:Poliovirus Vaccine, Inactivated / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology; D011100:Polyglycolic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D000077182:Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer; D011109:Polymethacrylic Acids / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D011054:Poliovirus Vaccine, Inactivated; D011109:Polymethacrylic Acids; D000077182:Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer; D011100:Polyglycolic Acid; D019344:Lactic Acid; C518398:Eudragit E PO
keywords: Controlled release kinetics; Drug delivery; Single-administration vaccines; Vaccine delivery; Vaccine stability