title: Dysfluent Handwriting in Schizophrenic Outpatients.
abstract: Taking into account findings in the literature, the author aimed to test whether specific graphical characteristics of handwriting can distinguish patients diagnosed with schizophrenic disorders from healthy controls. Handwriting samples (one sample from each person) from 60 outpatients (29 women, 31 men; age M = 28.5, SD = 5.4) with paranoid schizophrenia were analyzed by three documents examiners and were compared to samples from 60 controls (30 men, 30 women, age M = 28.0, SD = 3.0) without psychiatric disorders. Document examiners assessed 32 graphical features potentially related to schizophrenia. The comparisons between groups revealed that only 7 out of 32 handwriting properties were significantly different in the handwriting of schizophrenic outpatients from controls: the calligraphic forms of letters, loops in ovals, lacking of dots, tremor, sinusoidal baseline, and irregularities size of lower zone. These findings are discussed in terms of motor disturbances in schizophrenia and in relation to the previous research on handwriting of other mental disorders. Similarities between the graphical patterns of handwriting of schizophrenic patients and those of other mental disorders and/or other mental states have been demonstrated.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Lublin, Poland bgawda@wp.pl.
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gawda
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000381:Agraphia / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D006236:Handwriting; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010045:Outpatients; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000502:physiology*; D012563:Schizophrenia, Paranoid / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: assessment; handwriting analysis; schizophrenic disorder