title: A combined liquid chromatography-triple-quadrupole mass spectrometry method for the residual detection of veterinary drugs in porcine muscle, milk, and eggs.
abstract: A liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC/ESI-MS/MS) method was developed for monitoring and detection of four different drugs, namely acetanilide, pentylenetetrazole, phenacetin, and tetramethrin in porcine muscle, pasteurized milk, and table egg samples. For acetanilide and pentylenetetrazole, the samples were extracted with 0.1 % formic acid in acetonitrile, followed by defatting with n-hexane, partitioning at -20 °C for 1 h, centrifugation, and filtration, whereas the quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe "QuEChERS" method was used for phenacetin and tetramethrin. The final extracts were combined and analyzed in a single chromatographic run using an XBridge(TM) analytical column and 0.1 % formic acid and 10 mM ammonium formate in ultrapure water (A) and 0.1 % formic acid and 10 mM ammonium formate in methanol (B) as the mobile phase. Owing to the unavailability of internal standards, matrix-matched calibrations were used for analyte quantification with coefficients of determination (R (2)) ≥ 0.9865. The intra- and inter-day accuracies ranged from 60.75 to 90.90 % and from 63.75 to 89.30 %, respectively, while the respective analytical precisions were 1.48-17.44 % (23.3 % for porcine sample spiked with phenacetin) and 1.97-15.78 %. The limits of quantification (LOQ) were between 0.5 and 2.5 ng/g in the matrices tested. Food samples purchased from local markets in Seoul were analyzed using the developed method and none of the tested drugs was detected.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, 143-701, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Dan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Cheomdan Gwagiro 123, Buk-Gu, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Zee-Yong
authors.initials: ZY
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, 143-701, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jin-A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, 143-701, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Seong-Kwan
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, 143-701, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Daun
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Jeong
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, 143-701, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Sang-Hyun
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.affiliation: Biotechnology Research Institute, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, 300 Yongbong-dong, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 500-757, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jae-Han
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Shim
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, 143-701, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jin-Suk
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, 143-701, Republic of Korea. abdelaty44@hotmail.com.|Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, 12211, Giza, Egypt. abdelaty44@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Abd El-Aty
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, 143-701, Republic of Korea. hshin@konkuk.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Ho-Chul
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Shin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid / Q000379:methods; D004531:Eggs / Q000032:analysis*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis; D008460:Meat / Q000032:analysis; D008892:Milk / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D009132:Muscles / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D013552:Swine / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods; D019155:Veterinary Drugs / Q000032:analysis* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics
chemical_list: D019155:Veterinary Drugs
keywords: Animal food products; Milk; Porcine muscle; QuEChERS; Table eggs; Tandem mass spectrometry; Veterinary drugs