title: Development and validation of HPLC method for vicenin-1 isolated from fenugreek seeds in rat plasma: application to pharmacokinetic, tissue distribution and excretion studies.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Vicenin-1, a flavonol glycoside, has potent platelet aggregation inhibition, antioxidant, radioprotectants and anti-inflammatory activities.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To establish a rapid, simple, precise and sensitive high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for determination of vicenin-1 in rat plasma, and to investigate the pharmacokinetics, tissue distribution and excretion after a single 60 mg/kg oral dose in rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Vicenin-1 was extracted by solid-liquid extraction through Tulsicon®ADS-400 (0.40-1.2 mm). Chromatographic separation was achieved by HPLC with a C18column with a mobile phase composed of water and acetonitrile (75:25 v/v) and a flow rate of 1 mL/min along with UV detection at 210 nm.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Good linearity of calibration curve was found between 10.5 and 100.5 μg/mL (R2=0.995) for plasma and tissue, whereas 2.5-500 μg/mL (R2=0.999) for the urine and stool samples. The extraction recoveries were 98.51-99.58% for vicenin-1 in plasma, whereas intra-day and inter-day precision were validated by relative standard deviation (%RSD), that came in the ranges of 1.16-1.79% and 1.28-1.73%, respectively. The pharmacokinetics results showed Cmax(7.039 μg/mL) and Tmax(2 h) after oral administration of vicenin-1. Tissue distribution study showed that the highest concentration of vicenin-1 was achieved in the liver followed by the lung. Approximately 24.2% of its administered dose was excreted via urinary excretion route.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The first-pass metabolism, poor solubility and presence of reducing sugar moiety in vicenin-1 may decrease its bioavailability. The developed method is sensitive, specific and was successfully applied to the pharmacokinetics, tissue distribution and excretion studies of vicenin-1 in rats.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Pharmacology , Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University , Erandwane , Pune , India.
authors.forename: Amit D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Kandhare
authors.affiliation: a Department of Pharmacology , Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University , Erandwane , Pune , India.
authors.forename: Subhash L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Bodhankar
authors.affiliation: b Indus Biotech Private Limited , Kondhwa , Pune , India.
authors.forename: Vishwaraman
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Mohan
authors.affiliation: b Indus Biotech Private Limited , Kondhwa , Pune , India.
authors.forename: Prasad A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Thakurdesai
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D047310:Apigenin / Q000097:blood* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D002138:Calibration; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D005960:Glucosides / Q000097:blood* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012639:Seeds / Q000737:chemistry*; D014018:Tissue Distribution; D029910:Trigonella / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D005960:Glucosides; C117329:vicenin; D047310:Apigenin
keywords: Bioavailability; elimination; flavonoid glycosides; solid–liquid extraction