title: Repeatability of Wavefront Aberration Measurements With a Placido-Based Topographer in Normal and Keratoconic Eyes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine and compare the repeatability of anterior corneal higher order aberrations (HOAs) using a Placido-based topographer (Allegro Topolyzer; WaveLight Technologie AG, Alcon Laboratories, Erlangen, Germany) in a sample of normal and keratoconic eyes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three repeated measurements of each cornea of normal and keratoconic eyes were taken with the Allegro Topolyzer. Repeatability of the HOAs (3rd- and 4th-order individual values and normalized polar Zernike coefficients, coma-like, root mean square (RMS) up to 8th-order values, HOA RMS, and total RMS for 6-mm pupil diameter) and central corneal power (3-mm pupil) were analyzed. Within-subject standard deviation (Sw), precision, repeatability, coefficient of variation (CV), and the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) were calculated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Zernike coefficients were significantly different between the normal (36 eyes of 36 patients) and keratoconus (36 eyes of 36 patients) groups (P ≤ .03) except in Z(+1) 3, Z(+3) 3, Z(-4) 4, and Z(+4) 4. In the normal group, Sw was 0.031 µm or less, CV ranged from 6.49% (spherical aberration) to 37.18% (secondary astigmatism), and ICC values ranged from 0.227 to 0.982. In the keratoconus group, Sw was 0.059 µm or less, CV ranged from 2.06% (total RMS) to 25.82% (tetrafoil), and ICC values ranged from 0.839 to 0.996. In analyzing the keratoconus stages (Amsler-Krumeich classification), the repeatability of the Zernike coefficients tended to improve with increasing keratoconus stage.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The repeatability of corneal wavefront aberration provided by the Allegro Topolyzer was better in keratoconic eyes (good and moderate repeatability) than in normal eyes (moderate and poor repeatability). These results are important to eye care practitioners and refractive surgeons during refractive surgery planning or keratoconus detection, classification, and management. [J Refract Surg. 2016;32(5):338-344.].
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ortiz-Toquero
authors.forename: Guadalupe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rodriguez
authors.forename: Victoria
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: de Juan
authors.forename: Raul
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Martin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D019781:Corneal Topography / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D057108:Corneal Wavefront Aberration / Q000175:diagnosis*; D005260:Female; D064368:Healthy Volunteers; D006801:Humans; D007640:Keratoconus / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015588:Observer Variation; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012029:Refraction, Ocular / Q000502:physiology; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D014792:Visual Acuity / Q000502:physiology; D055815:Young Adult