title: Smart homes and home health monitoring technologies for older adults: A systematic review.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Around the world, populations are aging and there is a growing concern about ways that older adults can maintain their health and well-being while living in their homes.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this paper was to conduct a systematic literature review to determine: (1) the levels of technology readiness among older adults and, (2) evidence for smart homes and home-based health-monitoring technologies that support aging in place for older adults who have complex needs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We identified and analyzed 48 of 1863 relevant papers. Our analyses found that: (1) technology-readiness level for smart homes and home health monitoring technologies is low; (2) the highest level of evidence is 1b (i.e., one randomized controlled trial with a PEDro score ≥6); smart homes and home health monitoring technologies are used to monitor activities of daily living, cognitive decline and mental health, and heart conditions in older adults with complex needs; (3) there is no evidence that smart homes and home health monitoring technologies help address disability prediction and health-related quality of life, or fall prevention; and (4) there is conflicting evidence that smart homes and home health monitoring technologies help address chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The level of technology readiness for smart homes and home health monitoring technologies is still low. The highest level of evidence found was in a study that supported home health technologies for use in monitoring activities of daily living, cognitive decline, mental health, and heart conditions in older adults with complex needs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Alberta, 2-64 Corbett Hall, Edmonton, T6G 2G4 AB, Canada. Electronic address: lili.liu@ualberta.ca.
authors.forename: Lili
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Computing Science, Faculty of Science, University of Alberta, 307 Athabasca Hall, Edmonton, T6G 2E8 AB, Canada. Electronic address: stroulia@ualberta.ca.
authors.forename: Eleni
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Stroulia
authors.affiliation: Department of Computing Science, Faculty of Science, University of Alberta, 322 Athabasca Hall, Edmonton, T6G 2E8 AB, Canada. Electronic address: yannis@cs.ualberta.ca.
authors.forename: Ioanis
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Nikolaidis
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Alberta, 2-64 Corbett Hall, Edmonton, T6G 2G4 AB, Canada; School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Calle 63D # 24-31, 7 de Agosto, Bogotá D.C, Colombia. Electronic address: miguelcr@ualberta.ca.
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Miguel-Cruz
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Alberta, 2-64 Corbett Hall, Edmonton, T6G 2G4 AB, Canada; School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Calle 63D # 24-31, 7 de Agosto, Bogotá D.C, Colombia. Electronic address: aros@ualberta.ca.
authors.forename: Adriana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rios Rincon
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D020811:Biomedical Technology / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D005853:Geriatrics / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D006699:Home Care Services; D006801:Humans; D057187:Independent Living; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D017216:Telemedicine / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods
keywords: Frail elderly; Gerontechnology; Smart homes; Telehealth; eHealth