title: In vivo antibacterial activity of Garcinia mangostana pericarp extract against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in a mouse superficial skin infection model.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Garcinia mangostana Linn. (Guttiferae) (GM) pericarp has been shown to exhibit good in vitro antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA); however, there is currently no available information regarding its in vivo antibacterial activity.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To examine in vivo antibacterial activity of G. mangostana extract against MRSA.
  
  
  METHODS
  GM pericarp was extracted by ethanol (GM-EtOH) and methanol (GM-MeOH). The crude extracts were examined for in vitro antibacterial activity against MRSA using broth microdilution assay. The in vivo antibacterial activity of 10% GM-EtOH against MRSA was determined in a tape stripping mouse model of superficial skin infection for 9 days by evaluating transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and performing colony counts from cultured swabs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  GM-EtOH showed greater in vitro activity against MRSA than GM-MeOH in broth microdilution assay with minimum inhibitory concentration 17 versus 20 μg/mL and minimum bactericidal concentration 30 versus 35 μg/mL, respectively. The GM-EtOH (13.20 ± 0.49%) contained α-mangostin more than the GM-MeOH (9.83 ± 0.30%). In the tape stripping mouse model, 10% GM-EtOH reduced the number of MRSA colonies (0-1) recovered from infected wounds (>100 colonies) on the first day of treatment, restored TEWL to normal levels on the fourth day, and had completely healed the wounds by day 9.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  GM-EtOH showed promising in vivo antibacterial activity against MRSA in a superficial skin infection model in mice. It is of interest to develop a topical formulation of GM-EtOH to further study its potential as a novel antibacterial agent.
authors.affiliation: a Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Khon Kaen University , Khon Kaen , Thailand.|b Research Group for Pharmaceutical Activities of Natural Products using Pharmaceutical Biotechnology (PANPB) , Khon Kaen University , Khon Kaen , Thailand.
authors.forename: Nitima
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tatiya-Aphiradee
authors.affiliation: b Research Group for Pharmaceutical Activities of Natural Products using Pharmaceutical Biotechnology (PANPB) , Khon Kaen University , Khon Kaen , Thailand.|c Faculty of Medicine , Mahasarakham University , Mahasarakham , Thailand.
authors.forename: Waranya
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Chatuphonprasert
authors.affiliation: a Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Khon Kaen University , Khon Kaen , Thailand.|b Research Group for Pharmaceutical Activities of Natural Products using Pharmaceutical Biotechnology (PANPB) , Khon Kaen University , Khon Kaen , Thailand.
authors.forename: Kanokwan
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Jarukamjorn
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004917:Erythromycin / Q000494:pharmacology; D029762:Garcinia mangostana; D008297:Male; D055624:Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects*; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013207:Staphylococcal Skin Infections / Q000188:drug therapy*; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000187:drug effects; D044004:Xanthones / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D010936:Plant Extracts; D044004:Xanthones; D004917:Erythromycin; C021053:mangostin
keywords: Mangosteen; tape stripping model; α-mangostin