title: Where are the Behavioral Sleep Medicine Providers and Where are They Needed? A Geographic Assessment.
abstract: Although it is widely acknowledged that there are not enough clinicians trained in either Behavioral Sleep Medicine (BSM) in general or in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia (CBT-I) in specific, what is unclear is whether this problem is more acute in some regions relative to others. Accordingly, a geographic approach was taken to assess this issue. Using national directories as well as e-mail listservs (Behavioral Sleep Medicine group and Behavioral Treatment for Insomnia Roster), the present study evaluated geographic patterning of CBSM and BSM providers by city, state, and country. Overall, 88% of 752 BSM providers worldwide live in the United States (n = 659). Of these, 58% reside in 12 states with ≥ 20 providers (CA, NY, PA, IL, MA, TX, FL, OH, MI, MN, WA, and CO), and 19% reside in just 2 states (NY and CA). There were 4 states with no BSM providers (NH, HI, SD, and WY). Of the 167 U.S. cities with a population of > 150,000, 105 cities have no BSM providers. These results clearly suggest that a targeted effort is needed to train individuals in both the unserved and underserved areas.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Biology , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania , USA.|b Behavioral Sleep Medicine Program, Department of Psychiatry , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania , USA.
authors.forename: Arthur
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.affiliation: c Department of Psychiatry , College of Medicine, University of Arizona , Tucson , Arizona , USA.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Grandner
authors.affiliation: d Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences , The University of Texas (Medical Branch) , Galveston , Texas , USA.
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nowakowski
authors.affiliation: b Behavioral Sleep Medicine Program, Department of Psychiatry , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania , USA.
authors.forename: Genevieve
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Nesom
authors.affiliation: b Behavioral Sleep Medicine Program, Department of Psychiatry , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania , USA.
authors.forename: Charles
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Corbitt
authors.affiliation: b Behavioral Sleep Medicine Program, Department of Psychiatry , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania , USA.|e Center for Sleep and Circadian Neurobiology , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania , USA.
authors.forename: Michael L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Perlis
mesh_terms: D001524:Behavioral Medicine / Q000458:organization & administration / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D002947:Cities / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D015928:Cognitive Behavioral Therapy / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D062305:Geographic Mapping; D006801:Humans; D008507:Medically Underserved Area; D007319:Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D056508:Sleep Medicine Specialty / Q000458:organization & administration* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D000078329:Workforce