title: Pancreatic Lipase Immunoreactivity in Serum of Dogs with Diabetic Ketoacidosis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a relatively common endocrine disorder in dogs and is routinely associated with concurrent pancreatic injury.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aims of this study were to determine the prevalence of pancreatic injury in dogs with DKA based on measurement of pancreatic lipase immunoreactivity in serum (PLI); compare demographic, clinicopathologic, and ultrasonographic findings in dogs with and without evidence of concurrent pancreatic injury; determine the impact of pancreatic injury on duration of hospitalization and short-term outcome.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and nineteen dogs with DKA with or without concurrent pancreatic injury.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective study. Dogs with DKA were divided into three groups on the basis of PLI results: positive for pancreatic injury (PLIpos ), negative for pancreatic injury (PLIneg ), and not tested (PLIna ). Demographics, clinicopathologic test results, findings on abdominal ultrasonography (AUS), duration of hospitalization, and short-term outcome were compared between the three groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Based on serum PLI activity, 45 dogs (73%) with DKA had evidence of concurrent pancreatic injury. Median total carbon dioxide was significantly lower in the PLIpos dogs compared to the PLIneg dogs. There was fair agreement (κ = 0.26) between serum PLI activity and AUS. Evidence of pancreatic injury was not associated with significantly longer periods of hospitalization (PLIpos median 6 days, range 4-7 days, PLIneg median 4 days, range 3-6 days) and did not influence short-term outcome (PLIpos failure to survive to discharge 11/45, 24%, PLIneg failure to survive to discharge 2/17, 12%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Concurrent pancreatic injury is common in dogs with DKA, but did not affect prognosis in this population of dogs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX.
authors.forename: T A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Bolton
authors.affiliation: Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cook
authors.affiliation: Gastrointestinal Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX.
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Steiner
authors.affiliation: Department of Production Animal Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, South Africa.
authors.forename: G T
authors.initials: GT
authors.lastname: Fosgate
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016883:Diabetic Ketoacidosis / Q000097:blood / Q000662:veterinary*; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000097:blood*; D004285:Dogs; D010188:Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency / Q000097:blood / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary; D008049:Lipase / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism; D010179:Pancreas / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014463:Ultrasonography
chemical_list: D008049:Lipase
keywords: Canine; Diabetes mellitus; Outcome; Pancreatitis