title: Skin barrier modification with organic solvents.
abstract: The primary barrier to body water loss and influx of exogenous substances resides in the stratum corneum (SC). The barrier function of the SC is provided by patterned lipid lamellae localized to the extracellular spaces between corneocytes. SC lipids are intimately involved in maintaining the barrier function. It is generally accepted that solvents induce cutaneous barrier disruption. The main aim of this work is the evaluation of the different capability of two solvent systems on inducing changes in the SC barrier function. SC lipid modifications will be evaluated by lipid analysis, water sorption/desorption experiments, confocal-Raman visualization and FSTEM images. The amount of SC lipids extracted by chloroform/methanol was significantly higher than those extracted by acetone. DSC results indicate that acetone extract has lower temperature phase transitions than chloroform/methanol extract. The evaluation of the kinetics of the moisture uptake and loss demonstrated that when SC is treated with chloroform/methanol the resultant sample reach equilibrium in shorter times indicating a deterioration of the SC tissue with higher permeability. Instead, acetone treatment led to a SC sample with a decreased permeability thus with an improved SC barrier function. Confocal-Raman and FSTEM images demonstrated the absence of the lipids on SC previously treated with chloroform/methanol. However, they were still present when the SC was treated with acetone. Results obtained with all the different techniques used were consistent. The results obtained increases the knowledge of the interaction lipid-solvent, being this useful for understanding the mechanism of reparation of damaged skin.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemicals and Surfactants Technology, Institute of Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia, Spain. Electronic address: cbaesl@iqac.csic.es.
authors.forename: Clara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Barba
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemicals and Surfactants Technology, Institute of Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia, Spain.
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Alonso
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemicals and Surfactants Technology, Institute of Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia, Spain.
authors.forename: Meritxell
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Martí
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemicals and Surfactants Technology, Institute of Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia, Spain.
authors.forename: Albert
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Manich
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemicals and Surfactants Technology, Institute of Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia, Spain.
authors.forename: Luisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Coderch
mesh_terms: D000096:Acetone / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D001834:Body Water; D002725:Chloroform / Q000494:pharmacology; D003460:Crystallization; D004817:Epidermis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D017110:Freeze Substitution; D008055:Lipids / Q000302:isolation & purification; D000432:Methanol / Q000494:pharmacology; D008854:Microscopy, Electron / Q000379:methods; D010539:Permeability; D012869:Skin Absorption / Q000187:drug effects*; D012997:Solvents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D034421:Sus scrofa; D013552:Swine; D013696:Temperature; D014835:Volatilization
chemical_list: D008055:Lipids; D012997:Solvents; D000096:Acetone; D002725:Chloroform; D000432:Methanol
keywords: Barrier function; Lipids; Permeability; Solubilization; Stratum corneum