title: Immune-enhancing activity of extracellular polysaccharides isolated from Rhizopus nigricans.
abstract: Extracellular polysaccharides (EPS1-1) was extracted from fermentation liquor of Rhizopus nigricans and evaluated its immune-enhancing activities in vitro and in vivo. Results suggested that the proliferation of lymphocyte was stimulated after treated with EPS1-1. Moreover, the activities of macrophages were enhanced by increasing the activities of phagocytosis and acid phosphatase, the production of NO and the mRNA levels of IL-2, TNF-α and iNOS. Furthermore, EPS1-1 could significantly boost the immunity of normal and immunosuppressed mice, which included the increase of loaded swimming time, footpad swelling, organ index and the secretion of IL-2 and TNF-α in serum, thus suggesting that EPS1-1 could improve the body immunity through cellular immunity and humoral immunity. These findings provided further insights into the potential use of EPS1-1 as immunopotentiator or new function food.
authors.affiliation: School of Life Science and National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, PR China.
authors.forename: Zhidan
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: School of Life Science and National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, PR China.
authors.forename: Mengli
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kong
authors.affiliation: School of Life Science and National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, PR China.
authors.forename: Pengying
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: School of Life Science and National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, PR China.
authors.forename: Qingjie
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: School of Life Science and National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, PR China. Electronic address: ksc313@126.com.
authors.forename: Kaoshan
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D062610:Fungal Polysaccharides / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007109:Immunity / Q000187:drug effects*; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000097:blood; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects; D051379:Mice; D010587:Phagocytosis / Q000187:drug effects; D012233:Rhizopus / Q000737:chemistry*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D062610:Fungal Polysaccharides; D007376:Interleukin-2; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
keywords: Extracellular polysaccharides; Immunomodulation; Rhizopus nigricans