title: Case Report: Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure: Making the Diagnosis between Infection and Acute Alcoholic Hepatitis.
abstract: Acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) represents a reversible syndrome associated with high short-term mortality, characterized by acute decompensation in patients with chronic liver disease and extrahepatic organ failure. Diagnosis and prognosis assessment is based on a newly developed diagnostic score, the Chronic Liver Failure Consortium Organ Failure score. Susceptibility to infections and systemic inflammation are typical triggers. The authors report a case in which a patient with alcohol-related cirrhosis was admitted to the hospital with acute decompensation and developed ACLF during hospitalization. This case led to an evaluation of the underlying process causing ACLF: infection versus acute alcoholic hepatitis.
authors.affiliation: Inter-Centre Unit of Digestive Diseases and CIBERehd, Virgen Macarena - Virgen del Rocío University Hospitals, University of Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain.
authors.forename: Carmen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sendra
authors.affiliation: Inter-Centre Unit of Digestive Diseases and CIBERehd, Virgen Macarena - Virgen del Rocío University Hospitals, University of Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain.
authors.forename: Javier
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ampuero
authors.affiliation: Inter-Centre Unit of Digestive Diseases and CIBERehd, Virgen Macarena - Virgen del Rocío University Hospitals, University of Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain.
authors.forename: Álvaro Giráldez
authors.initials: ÁG
authors.lastname: Gallego
authors.affiliation: Inter-Centre Unit of Digestive Diseases and CIBERehd, Virgen Macarena - Virgen del Rocío University Hospitals, University of Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain.
authors.forename: José Manuel
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Sousa
authors.affiliation: Pathology Unit, Virgen del Rocio University Hospital, Sevilla, Spain.
authors.forename: María Serrano
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Jiménez
authors.affiliation: Inter-Centre Unit of Digestive Diseases and CIBERehd, Virgen Macarena - Virgen del Rocío University Hospitals, University of Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain.
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Romero-Gómez
mesh_terms: D058186:Acute Kidney Injury / Q000150:complications; D065290:Acute-On-Chronic Liver Failure / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology; D061605:Administration, Intravenous; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000175:diagnosis*; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D006519:Hepatitis, Alcoholic / Q000175:diagnosis*; D006801:Humans; D008104:Liver Cirrhosis, Alcoholic / Q000150:complications; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D063305:Organ Dysfunction Scores; D011859:Radiography; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents