title: Evaluation of diaphragmatic mobility following intra-abdominal sub-diaphragmatic fixation of a double-layered mesh in rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the tissue integration of a double-sided mesh after fixation in diaphragm and to study the diaphragmatic mobility by ultrasound.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty male Wistar rats were used. The animals were assigned into two equal groups according to the day of euthanasia. The animals were anesthetized and a 1.5 x 1.5 cm of double-layer mesh was inserted between the diaphragm and the liver. For the evaluation of the diaphragm mobility a sonographic method was used. Measurements on specific breathing parameters were taking place. Pathological evaluation took place after the animal's euthanasia.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Extra-hepatic granuloma was not differentiated overtime, (χ2=0.04, p>0.05). Neither fibrosis was significantly differentiated, (χ2=0.04, p>0.05). Intra-hepatic granuloma was significantly differentiated overtime, (χ2=10.21, p<0.05). Concerning Te parameter, means were significantly differentiated over time, F (3, 30) = 5.12, (p<0.01). Ttot parameter, it was differentiated over time, F (3, 8)=4.79, (p<0.05). IR parameter was also longitudinally differentiated, F (3, 30)=3.73, (p<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The measurements suggest a transient malfunction of diaphragmatic mobility despite the fact that inflammatory reaction, fibrosis and extra-hepatic granuloma were not significantly differentiated with the passage of time.
authors.affiliation: University of Athens Medical School, Greece.
authors.forename: Tzanoglou
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ioannis
authors.affiliation: Anticancer-Oncology Hospital of Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Sakorafas
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: George
authors.affiliation: Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Kostomitsopoulos
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nikolaos
authors.affiliation: Air force General Hospital of Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Mantziaras
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: George
authors.affiliation: REA Maternity Hospital of Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Patraleksis
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Charalampos
authors.affiliation: Medical School, University of Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Danias
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Nikolaos
authors.affiliation: Medical School, University of Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Stergiopoulos
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Spyridon
authors.affiliation: Medical School, University of Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Safioleas
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Michael
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003964:Diaphragm / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D005355:Fibrosis / Q000473:pathology; D006099:Granuloma / Q000473:pathology; D008099:Liver / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D019919:Prosthesis Implantation / Q000379:methods; D051381:Rats; D012119:Respiration; D012129:Respiratory Function Tests; D013526:Surgical Mesh; D013997:Time Factors; D014463:Ultrasonography