title: Bioaccumulation of emerging organic compounds (perfluoroalkyl substances and halogenated flame retardants) by earthworm in biosolid amended soils.
abstract: In the present work, the bioaccumulation behavior of 49 target emerging organic compounds (20 perfluoroalkyl substances, PFASs, and 29 halogenated flame retardants, HFRs) was studied in soil invertebrates (Eisenia andrei). Multi species soil systems (MS·3) were used to assess the fate and the effects associated with the application of four biosolids in agricultural soil on terrestrial soil organisms. Biosolid amendment increased concentrations 1.5-14-fold for PFASs, 1.1-2.4-fold for polybrominated diphenyl ethers, PBDEs, and 1.1-3.6-fold for chlorinated flame retardants, CFRs. Perfluorooctanesulfonate, PFOS, (25%) and BDE-209 (60%) were the predominant PFAS and HFR compounds, respectively, in biosolids-amended soils. Total concentrations (ng/g dry weight) in earthworms from biosolid-amended soils ranged from 9.9 to 101 for PFASs, from 45 to 76 for PBDEs and 0.3-32 for CFRs. Bioaccumulation factors (BAFs) were calculated to evaluate the degree of exposure of pollutants in earthworms. The mean BAF ranged from 2.2 to 198 for PFASs, 0.6-17 for PBDEs and 0.5-20 for CFRs. The relationship of PFAS and PBDE BAFs in earthworms and their log Kow were compared: PFAS BAFs increased while PBDE BAFs declined with increasing log Kow values. The effect of the aging (21 days) on the bioavailability of the pollutants in amended soils was also assessed: the residence time affected differently to the compounds studied.
authors.affiliation: Persistent Organic Pollutants Group. Department of Environment, CIEMAT, Avda. Complutense 40, 28040 Madrid, Spain. Electronic address: i.navarro@ciemat.es.
authors.forename: Irene
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Navarro
authors.affiliation: Persistent Organic Pollutants Group. Department of Environment, CIEMAT, Avda. Complutense 40, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Adrián
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: de la Torre
authors.affiliation: Persistent Organic Pollutants Group. Department of Environment, CIEMAT, Avda. Complutense 40, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Paloma
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sanz
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Ecotoxicology. Department of the Environment, INIA, Crta. La Coruña km 7.5, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Javier
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pro
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Ecotoxicology. Department of the Environment, INIA, Crta. La Coruña km 7.5, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Gregoria
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Carbonell
authors.affiliation: Persistent Organic Pollutants Group. Department of Environment, CIEMAT, Avda. Complutense 40, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: María de Los Ángeles
authors.initials: MLÁ
authors.lastname: Martínez
mesh_terms: D000383:Agriculture; D000818:Animals; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D005411:Flame Retardants / Q000378:metabolism*; D006845:Hydrocarbons, Fluorinated / Q000378:metabolism*; D009835:Oligochaeta / Q000378:metabolism*; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D005411:Flame Retardants; D006845:Hydrocarbons, Fluorinated; D012989:Soil Pollutants
keywords: Bioaccumulation factor; Biosolid; Earthworm; Perfluoroalkyl substances; Polybrominated diphenyl ethers