title: Structural modulation of gut microbiota by chondroitin sulfate and its oligosaccharide.
abstract: Chondroitin sulfate (CS) as a dietary supplement and a symptomatic slow acting (SYSA) drug has been used for years. Recently, CS has been demonstrated to be readily degraded and fermented in vitro by specific human gut microbes, hinting that dietary CS may pose a potential effect on gut microbiota composition in vivo. However, until now, little information is available on modulations of gut microbiota by CS. In the present study, modulations of gut microbiota in Kunming mice by CS and its oligosaccharide (CSO) were investigated by high-throughput sequencing. As evidenced by Heatmap and principal component analysis (PCA), the female microbiota were more vulnerable than the male microbiota to CS and CSO treatment. Besides, it is of interest to found that CS and CSO had differing effects on the abundance of Bacteroidales S24-7, Bacteroides, Helicobacter, Odoribacter, Prevotellaceae and Lactobacillus in male mice versus female mice. Collectively, we demonstrated a sex-dependent effect on gut microbiota of CS and CSO. In addition, since gut microbiota exerts a major effect on host physiology, our study highlighted that certain beneficial effects of CS may be associated with modulations of gut microbiota, which merits further investigation.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, School of medicine and pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycoengineering, School of Medicine and pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China.
authors.forename: Qingsen
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Shang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, School of medicine and pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycoengineering, School of Medicine and pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China.
authors.forename: Jingjing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, School of medicine and pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycoengineering, School of Medicine and pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China.
authors.forename: Guanrui
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, School of medicine and pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycoengineering, School of Medicine and pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China.
authors.forename: Meifang
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, School of medicine and pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycoengineering, School of Medicine and pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China.
authors.forename: Chao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, School of medicine and pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycoengineering, School of Medicine and pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China.
authors.forename: Jiejie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hao
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, School of medicine and pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycoengineering, School of Medicine and pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China.
authors.forename: Guoyun
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, School of medicine and pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycoengineering, School of Medicine and pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China. Electronic address: glyu@ouc.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Guangli
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Yu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002809:Chondroitin Sulfates / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D005260:Female; D000069196:Gastrointestinal Microbiome / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics; D016480:Helicobacter pylori / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D009844:Oligosaccharides / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D018720:Prevotella / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D009844:Oligosaccharides; D002809:Chondroitin Sulfates
keywords: Chondroitin sulfate; Gut microbiota; Modulation