title: Family partnership and education interventions to reduce dietary sodium by patients with heart failure differ by family functioning.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Determine if family functioning influences response to family-focused interventions aimed at reducing dietary sodium by heart failure (HF) patients.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Lowering dietary sodium by HF patients often occurs within the home and family context.
  
  
  METHODS
  Secondary analysis of 117 dyads randomized to patient and family education (PFE), family partnership intervention (FPI) or usual care (UC). Dietary sodium measures were obtained from 3-day food record and 24-h urine samples.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the poor family functioning groups, FPI and PFE had lower mean urine sodium than UC (p < .05) at 4 months, and FPI remained lower than UC at 8 months (p < .05). For good family functioning groups, FPI and PFE had lower mean sodium levels by 3-day food record at 4 and 8 months compared to the UC group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Optimizing family-focused interventions into HF clinical care maybe indicated.
authors.affiliation: Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
authors.forename: Sandra B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Dunbar
authors.affiliation: Georgia State University, Byrdine F. Lewis School of Nursing, Atlanta, GA, USA.
authors.forename: Patricia C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Clark
authors.affiliation: Boston College, School of Nursing, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467, USA. Electronic address: stampk@bc.edu.
authors.forename: Kelly D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Stamp
authors.affiliation: Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
authors.forename: Carolyn M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Reilly
authors.affiliation: Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
authors.forename: Rebecca A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Gary
authors.affiliation: Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
authors.forename: Melinda
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Higgins
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
authors.forename: Nadine
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kaslow
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D004039:Diet, Sodium-Restricted / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D055118:Medication Adherence / Q000523:psychology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D010353:Patient Education as Topic / Q000379:methods*; D011368:Professional-Family Relations; D057566:Self Report; D017673:Sodium Chloride, Dietary / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D013997:Time Factors; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D017673:Sodium Chloride, Dietary
keywords: Adherence; Dietary sodium; Family functioning; Heart failure; Self-care