title: Electrokinetic-Fenton technology for the remediation of hydrocarbons historically polluted sites.
abstract: The feasibility of the electrokinetic-Fenton technology coupled with surfactants in the treatment of real historically hydrocarbons polluted soils has been studied. The characterisation of these soils from Spain and Romania was performed and identified as diesel and diesel-motor oil spillages, respectively. Moreover, the ageing of the spillages produced by the soil contamination was estimated showing the historical pollution of the sites (around 11 and 20 years for Romanian and Spanish soils, respectively). An ex-situ electrochemical treatment was performed to evaluate the adequacy of surfactants for the degradation of the hydrocarbons present in the soils. It was found an enhancement in the solubilisation and removal of TPHs with percentages increasing from 25.7 to 81.8% by the presence of Tween 80 for Spanish soil and from 15.1% to 71.6% for Triton X100 in Romanian soil. Therefore, the viability of coupling enhanced electrokinetic and Fenton remediation was evaluated through a simulated in-situ treatment at laboratory scale. The results demonstrated that the addition of the selected surfactants improved the solubilisation of the hydrocarbons and influenced the electroosmotic flow with a slight decrease. The efficiency of the treatment increased for both considered soil samples and a significant degradation level of the hydrocarbons compounds was observed. Buffering of pH coupled with the addition of a complexing agent showed to be important in the treatment process, facilitating the conditions for the degradation reactions that take place into the soil matrix. The results demonstrated the effectiveness of the selected techniques for remediation of the investigated soils.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Vigo, Campus As Lagoas-Marcosende, 36310 Vigo, Spain; Faculty of Engineering, "Vasile Alecsandri" University of Bacau, Calea Marasesti 157, 600115 Bacau, Romania.
authors.forename: Ciprian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sandu
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Vigo, Campus As Lagoas-Marcosende, 36310 Vigo, Spain; Faculty of Engineering, "Vasile Alecsandri" University of Bacau, Calea Marasesti 157, 600115 Bacau, Romania.
authors.forename: Marius
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Popescu
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Vigo, Campus As Lagoas-Marcosende, 36310 Vigo, Spain.
authors.forename: Emilio
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Rosales
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Vigo, Campus As Lagoas-Marcosende, 36310 Vigo, Spain.
authors.forename: Elvira
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bocos
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Vigo, Campus As Lagoas-Marcosende, 36310 Vigo, Spain.
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pazos
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Engineering, "Vasile Alecsandri" University of Bacau, Calea Marasesti 157, 600115 Bacau, Romania.
authors.forename: Gabriel
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lazar
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Vigo, Campus As Lagoas-Marcosende, 36310 Vigo, Spain. Electronic address: sanroman@uvigo.es.
authors.forename: M Angeles
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Sanromán
mesh_terms: D055664:Electrochemical Techniques; D052918:Environmental Restoration and Remediation / Q000379:methods*; D006838:Hydrocarbons / Q000737:chemistry*; D007700:Kinetics; D017830:Octoxynol / Q000737:chemistry; D011136:Polysorbates / Q000737:chemistry; D012383:Romania; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000737:chemistry*; D013030:Spain; D013501:Surface-Active Agents / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D006838:Hydrocarbons; D011136:Polysorbates; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D013501:Surface-Active Agents; D017830:Octoxynol
keywords: Electrokinetic-Fenton; Hydrogen peroxide; Real polluted soils; Surfactants