title: Loss of MAFB Function in Humans and Mice Causes Duane Syndrome, Aberrant Extraocular Muscle Innervation, and Inner-Ear Defects.
abstract: Duane retraction syndrome (DRS) is a congenital eye-movement disorder defined by limited outward gaze and retraction of the eye on attempted inward gaze. Here, we report on three heterozygous loss-of-function MAFB mutations causing DRS and a dominant-negative MAFB mutation causing DRS and deafness. Using genotype-phenotype correlations in humans and Mafb-knockout mice, we propose a threshold model for variable loss of MAFB function. Postmortem studies of DRS have reported abducens nerve hypoplasia and aberrant innervation of the lateral rectus muscle by the oculomotor nerve. Our studies in mice now confirm this human DRS pathology. Moreover, we demonstrate that selectively disrupting abducens nerve development is sufficient to cause secondary innervation of the lateral rectus muscle by aberrant oculomotor nerve branches, which form at developmental decision regions close to target extraocular muscles. Thus, we present evidence that the primary cause of DRS is failure of the abducens nerve to fully innervate the lateral rectus muscle in early development.
authors.affiliation: Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA; Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
authors.forename: Jong G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
authors.forename: Max A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Tischfield
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
authors.forename: Alicia A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Nugent
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
authors.forename: Long
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
authors.forename: Silvio Alessandro
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Di Gioia
authors.affiliation: Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA; Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
authors.forename: Wai-Man
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.affiliation: Ulverscroft Eye Unit, University of Leicester, Leicester LE2 7LX, UK; Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, and Behavior, University of Leicester, Leicester LE2 7LX, UK.
authors.forename: Gail
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Maconachie
authors.affiliation: Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
authors.forename: Thomas M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Bosley
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Neurosciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
authors.forename: C Gail
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Summers
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
authors.forename: David G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Hunter
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
authors.forename: Caroline D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Robson
authors.affiliation: Ulverscroft Eye Unit, University of Leicester, Leicester LE2 7LX, UK; Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, and Behavior, University of Leicester, Leicester LE2 7LX, UK.
authors.forename: Irene
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Gottlob
authors.affiliation: Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA; Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA. Electronic address: elizabeth.engle@childrens.harvard.edu.
authors.forename: Elizabeth C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Engle
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004370:Duane Retraction Syndrome / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D004622:Embryo, Mammalian / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D034381:Hearing Loss / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D007759:Labyrinth Diseases / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D051258:MafB Transcription Factor / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D009801:Oculomotor Muscles / Q000294:innervation / Q000473:pathology*; D010375:Pedigree
chemical_list: C490407:MAFB protein, human; D051258:MafB Transcription Factor; C490406:Mafb protein, mouse