title: ApoA1 and ApoA1-specific self-antibodies in cardiovascular disease.
abstract: Apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1) is a main protein moiety in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) particles. Generally, ApoA1 and HDL are considered as atheroprotective. In prooxidant and inflammatory microenvironment in the vicinity to the atherosclerotic lesion, ApoA1/HDL are subjected to modification. The chemical modifications such as oxidation, nitration, etc result in altering native architecture of ApoA1 toward dysfunctionality and abnormality. Neutrophil myeloperoxidase has a prominent role in this mechanism. Neo-epitopes could be formed and then exposed that makes them immunogenic. Indeed, these epitopes may be recognized by immune cells and induce production of proatherogenic ApoA1-specific IgG antibodies. These antibodies are biologically relevant because they are able to react with Toll-like receptor (TLR)-2 and TLR4 in target cells and induce a variety of pro-inflammatory responses. Epidemiological and functional studies underline a prognostic value of ApoA1 self-antibodies for several cardiovascular diseases, including myocardial infarction, acute coronary syndrome, and severe carotid stenosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Genetic Diagnostics and Cell Biology, Division of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Pediatrics, Research Center for Children's Health, Moscow, Russia.
authors.forename: Dimitry A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Chistiakov
authors.affiliation: Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.|Faculty of Biology, Department of Biophysics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.
authors.forename: Alexander N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Orekhov
authors.affiliation: Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.|Faculty of Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.|School of Medicine, University of Western Sydney, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia.
authors.forename: Yuri V
authors.initials: YV
authors.lastname: Bobryshev
mesh_terms: D000918:Antibody Specificity; D016632:Apolipoprotein A-I / Q000097:blood / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology*; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology; D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology*; D001327:Autoimmune Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000097:blood* / Q000276:immunology*; D002788:Cholesterol Esters / Q000097:blood / Q000737:chemistry; D000939:Epitopes / Q000097:blood / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D050356:Lipid Metabolism; D008075:Lipoproteins, HDL / Q000097:blood / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology; D015394:Molecular Structure; D011379:Prognosis; D012995:Solubility
chemical_list: C505693:APOA1 protein, human; D016632:Apolipoprotein A-I; D001323:Autoantibodies; D015415:Biomarkers; D002788:Cholesterol Esters; D000939:Epitopes; D008075:Lipoproteins, HDL