title: Development of a Japanese version of the BREAST-Q and the traditional psychometric test of the mastectomy module for the assessment of HRQOL and patient satisfaction following breast surgery.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  An understanding of health-related quality of life (HRQOL) is of utmost importance in both oncological and esthetic breast surgery. The BREAST-Q is a patient-reported outcome (PRO) measure that investigates HRQOL and patient satisfaction before and after breast surgery. The aim of this study was to develop a Japanese version of the BREAST-Q including the mastectomy module, the reconstruction module, the augmentation module and the reduction/mastopexy module, and to assess the psychometric properties of the mastectomy module among Japanese women.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Japanese version of the BREAST-Q was developed through forward translation, backward translation and patient testing. Traditional psychometric testing of the mastectomy module was administered to 45 post-mastectomy patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mastectomy, reconstruction, augmentation and reduction/mastopexy modules were formally developed into Japanese. Despite cultural difference between Japanese women and original target population, the contents were considered to be valid among Japanese woman. With the exception of the sexual well-being subscale, good reliability and validity were evident for the mastectomy module (Test-retest reliability 0.76-0.95, Chronbach's alpha coefficient 0.77-0.98).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The BREAST-Q Japanese version is a useful PRO measure for investigating the impact of breast surgery on HRQOL and patient satisfaction. Further validation in younger Japanese women is needed to determine the usefulness of the sexual well-being subscale.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan. gmd20076@s.okayama-u.ac.jp.|Department of Plastic Surgery, Okayama University Hospital, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan. gmd20076@s.okayama-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Miho
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Saiga
authors.affiliation: Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan.
authors.forename: Naruto
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Taira
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshihiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kimata
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan.
authors.forename: Satoko
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Mukai
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga, Kusatsu, Japan.
authors.forename: Kojiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shimozuma
authors.affiliation: Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan.
authors.forename: Taeko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mizoo
authors.affiliation: Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan.
authors.forename: Tomohiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nogami
authors.affiliation: Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan.
authors.forename: Takayuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Iwamoto
authors.affiliation: Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan.
authors.forename: Takayuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Motoki
authors.affiliation: Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan.
authors.forename: Tadahiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shien
authors.affiliation: Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan.
authors.forename: Junji
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Matsuoka
authors.affiliation: Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroyoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Doihara
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D016462:Mammaplasty; D008408:Mastectomy; D015412:Mastectomy, Segmental; D008875:Middle Aged; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D011788:Quality of Life; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: BREAST-Q; Breast cancer; Breast reconstruction; Health-related quality of life; Satisfaction