title: Dose Responses of Ibuprofen In Vitro on Platelet Aggregation and Coagulation in Human and Pig Blood Samples.
abstract: Ibuprofen is commonly used by warfighters in the deployed environment. This study investigated its dose effects on in vitro coagulation in human and pig blood.
  
  
  
  Blood samples were collected from 6 normal volunteers and 6 healthy pigs and processed to make platelet-adjusted samples (100 × 10(3)/μL, common transfusion trigger in trauma). Ibuprofen was added to the samples at concentrations of 0 μg/mL (control), the concentration from the highest recommended oral dose (163 μg/mL, 1×), and 2×, 4×, 8×, 10×, 12×, 16×, and 20×. Platelet aggregation by Chrono-Log aggregometer and coagulation by rotational thrombelastogram (Rotem) were assessed at 15 minutes after the addition of ibuprofen.
  
  
  
  A robust inhibition of ibuprofen on arachidonic acid-induced platelet aggregation was observed at all doses tested in human or pig blood. Collagen-stimulated platelet aggregation was inhibited starting at 1× in human blood and 4× in pig blood. Rotem measurements were similarly compromised in pig and human blood starting at 16×, except clot formation time was prolonged at 1× in human blood (all p < 0.05).
  
  
  
  Ibuprofen inhibited platelet aggregation at recommended doses, and compromised coagulation at higher doses. Human blood was more sensitive to ibuprofen inhibition. Further effort is needed to investigate ibuprofen dose responses on coagulation in vivo.
authors.affiliation: U.S. Army Institute of Surgical Research, 3698 Chambers Pass, JBSA Fort Sam Houston, San Antonio, TX 78234-6315.
authors.forename: Wenjun Z
authors.initials: WZ
authors.lastname: Martini
authors.affiliation: U.S. Army Institute of Surgical Research, 3698 Chambers Pass, JBSA Fort Sam Houston, San Antonio, TX 78234-6315.
authors.forename: Cassandra M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Rodriguez
authors.affiliation: U.S. Army Institute of Surgical Research, 3698 Chambers Pass, JBSA Fort Sam Houston, San Antonio, TX 78234-6315.
authors.forename: Rodolfo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Deguzman
authors.affiliation: U.S. Army Institute of Surgical Research, 3698 Chambers Pass, JBSA Fort Sam Houston, San Antonio, TX 78234-6315.
authors.forename: Jessica B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Guerra
authors.affiliation: Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX 77005.
authors.forename: Angela K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.affiliation: U.S. Army Medical Research and Materiel Command, Fort Detrick, 810 Schreider Street #100, Frederick, MD 21702.
authors.forename: Anthony E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Pusateri
authors.affiliation: U.S. Army Institute of Surgical Research, 3698 Chambers Pass, JBSA Fort Sam Houston, San Antonio, TX 78234-6315.
authors.forename: Andrew P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Cap
authors.affiliation: U.S. Army Institute of Surgical Research, 3698 Chambers Pass, JBSA Fort Sam Houston, San Antonio, TX 78234-6315.
authors.forename: Michael A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Dubick
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001777:Blood Coagulation / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D001780:Blood Coagulation Tests / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007052:Ibuprofen / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D010974:Platelet Aggregation / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D007052:Ibuprofen