title: Development of natural sorbent based micro-solid-phase extraction for determination of phthalate esters in milk samples.
abstract: In the present study, a natural sorbent based micro-solid phase extraction (μ-SPE) was developed for determination of phthalate esters in milk samples. For the first time, an efficient and cost effective natural material (seed powder of Moringa oleifera) was employed as sorbent in μ-SPE. The sorbent was found to be naturally enriched with variety of functional groups and having a network of interconnected fibers. This method of extraction integrates different steps such as removal of proteins and fatty stuff, extraction and pre-concentration of target analytes into a single step. Thirteen phthalate esters were selected as target compounds for the development and evaluation of method. Some key parameters affecting the extraction efficiency were optimized, including selection of membrane, selection and amount of sorbent, extraction time, desorption solvent, volume of desorption solvent, desorption time and effect of salt addition. Under the optimum conditions, very good linearity was achieved for all the analytes with coefficient of determinations (R(2)) ranging between 0.9768 and 0.9977. The limits of detection ranged from 0.01 to 1.2 μg L(-1). Proposed method showed satisfactory reproducibility with relative standard deviations ranging from 3.6% to 10.2% (n = 7). Finally, the developed method was applied to tetra pack and bottled milk samples for the determination of phthalate esters. The performance of natural sorbent based μ-SPE was better or comparable to the methods reported in the literature.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Muhammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sajid
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia. Electronic address: cbasheer@kfupm.edu.sa.
authors.forename: Chanbasha
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Basheer
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Abdulnaser
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Alsharaa
authors.affiliation: Center for Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Kothandaraman
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Narasimhan
authors.affiliation: Center for Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Abdelbaset
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Buhmeida
authors.affiliation: Center for Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Mohammed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Al Qahtani
authors.affiliation: Center for Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Fahd Medical Research Center, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Mahmoud Shaheen
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Al-Ahwal
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004952:Esters / Q000032:analysis*; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D008892:Milk / Q000737:chemistry*; D010795:Phthalic Acids / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D052617:Solid Phase Microextraction / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D004952:Esters; D010795:Phthalic Acids; C032279:phthalic acid
keywords: Food analysis; Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry; Microextraction; Natural sorbent