title: Ebola virus disease candidate vaccines under evaluation in clinical trials.
abstract: Filoviruses are the etiological agents of two human illnesses: Ebola virus disease and Marburg virus disease. Until 2013, medical countermeasure development against these afflictions was limited to only a few research institutes worldwide as both infections were considered exotic due to very low case numbers. Together with the high case-fatality rate of both diseases, evaluation of any candidate countermeasure in properly controlled clinical trials seemed impossible. However, in 2013, Ebola virus was identified as the etiological agent of a large disease outbreak in Western Africa including almost 30,000 infections and more than 11,000 deaths, including case exportations to Europe and North America. These large case numbers resulted in medical countermeasure development against Ebola virus disease becoming a global public-health priority. This review summarizes the status quo of candidate vaccines against Ebola virus disease, with a focus on those that are currently under evaluation in clinical trials.
authors.affiliation: a United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases , Fort Detrick , Frederick , MD , USA.
authors.forename: Karen A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Martins
authors.affiliation: b Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, Division of Clinical Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Fort Detrick , Frederick , MD , USA.
authors.forename: Peter B
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Jahrling
authors.affiliation: a United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases , Fort Detrick , Frederick , MD , USA.
authors.forename: Sina
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bavari
authors.affiliation: b Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, Division of Clinical Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Fort Detrick , Frederick , MD , USA.
authors.forename: Jens H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kuhn
mesh_terms: D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D046129:Ebola Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000276:immunology*; D019142:Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006801:Humans
chemical_list: D046129:Ebola Vaccines
keywords: Candidate vaccine; EBOV; EVD; Ebola virus; Ebola virus disease; Filoviridae; MCM; clinical trial; ebolavirus; filovirus; medical countermeasure; vaccine