title: Molecular characterization of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from Tanga, Tanzania: First insight of MIRU-VNTR and microarray-based spoligotyping in a high burden country.
abstract: Molecular typing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis(MTB) has greatly enhanced the understanding of the population structure of MTB isolates and epidemiology of tuberculosis (TB). To characterize prevalent genotypes of MTB, microarrays‑based spoligotyping and mycobacterial interspersed repetitive unit‑variable number of tandem repeats (MIRU‑VNTR) were applied on 80 isolates collected from primary health care facilities in Tanga, North‑eastern Tanzania. A total of 18 distinct spoligotypes were identified. The lineages by order of their predominance were EAI and CAS families (26.25%, 21 isolates each), LAM family and T super‑family (10%, 8 isolates each), MANU family (3.75%, 3 isolates), Beijing family (2.5%, 2 isolates) and S family (1.25%, 1 isolate). Overall, sixteen (20%) strains could not be allocated to any lineage according to the SITVIT_WEB database. The allelic diversity (h) for specific MIRU‑VNTR loci showed a considerable variation ranging from 0.826 of VNTR locus 3192 to 0.141 of VNTR locus 2059. The allelic diversity for 11 loci (VNTR 3192, 2996, 2165, 960, 4052, 424, 4156, 2531, 1644, 802 and 3690) exceeded 0.6, indicating highly discriminatory power. Seven loci (VNTR 2163b, 2401, 1955, 577, 4348, 2687 and 580) showed moderate discrimination (0.3 ≤ h ≥ 0.6), and three loci (VNTR3007, 154 and 2059) were less polymorphic. The present study suggests that the TB cases in Tanga might be caused by a diverse array of MTB strain families that may be indicative of a cosmopolitan population with frequent migration and travel. Microarray‑based spoligotyping and MIRU‑VNTR could be reliable tools in detecting different MTB genotypes in high burden settings.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Microbiology and Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Liebig Str. 21, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Parasitology, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 3019, Morogoro, Tanzania. Electronic address: abshoza@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Abubakar S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Hoza
authors.affiliation: National Institute for Medical Research, Muhimbili Medical Research Centre, P.O. Box 3436 Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
authors.forename: Sayoki G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Mfinanga
authors.affiliation: Friedrich Loeffler Institut, Institute of Molecular Pathogenesis, Naumburger Str. 96a, 07743 Jena, Germany.
authors.forename: Irmgard
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Moser
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Microbiology and Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Liebig Str. 21, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
authors.forename: Brigitte
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: König
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001431:Bacteriological Techniques; D002648:Child; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D014644:Genetic Variation; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D020071:Interspersed Repetitive Sequences; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018598:Minisatellite Repeats; D025202:Molecular Diagnostic Techniques; D009169:Mycobacterium tuberculosis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D011320:Primary Health Care; D013636:Tanzania; D014376:Tuberculosis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000635:transmission; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D004269:DNA, Bacterial
keywords: MIRU‑VNTR; Microarray‑based spoligotyping; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Primary health care facilities; Tanga‑Tanzania