title: Advances in inducing adaptive immunity using cell-based cancer vaccines: Clinical applications in pancreatic cancer.
abstract: The incidence of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) is on the rise, and the prognosis is extremely poor because PDA is highly aggressive and notoriously difficult to treat. Although gemcitabine- or 5-fluorouracil-based chemotherapy is typically offered as a standard of care, most patients do not survive longer than 1 year. Therefore, the development of alternative therapeutic approaches for patients with PDA is imperative. As PDA cells express numerous tumor-associated antigens that are suitable vaccine targets, one promising treatment approach is cancer vaccines. During the last few decades, cell-based cancer vaccines have offered encouraging results in preclinical studies. Cell-based cancer vaccines are mainly generated by presenting whole tumor cells or dendritic cells to cells of the immune system. In particular, several clinical trials have explored cell-based cancer vaccines as a promising therapeutic approach for patients with PDA. Moreover, chemotherapy and cancer vaccines can synergize to result in increased efficacies in patients with PDA. In this review, we will discuss both the effect of cell-based cancer vaccines and advances in terms of future strategies of cancer vaccines for the treatment of PDA patients.
authors.affiliation: Mikio Kajihara, Kazuki Takakura, Tomoya Kanai, Zensho Ito, Yoshihiro Matsumoto, Toshifumi Ohkusa, Shigeo Koido, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, the Jikei University School of Medicine (Kashiwa Hospital), Chiba 277-8567, Japan.
authors.forename: Mikio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kajihara
authors.affiliation: Mikio Kajihara, Kazuki Takakura, Tomoya Kanai, Zensho Ito, Yoshihiro Matsumoto, Toshifumi Ohkusa, Shigeo Koido, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, the Jikei University School of Medicine (Kashiwa Hospital), Chiba 277-8567, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazuki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Takakura
authors.affiliation: Mikio Kajihara, Kazuki Takakura, Tomoya Kanai, Zensho Ito, Yoshihiro Matsumoto, Toshifumi Ohkusa, Shigeo Koido, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, the Jikei University School of Medicine (Kashiwa Hospital), Chiba 277-8567, Japan.
authors.forename: Tomoya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kanai
authors.affiliation: Mikio Kajihara, Kazuki Takakura, Tomoya Kanai, Zensho Ito, Yoshihiro Matsumoto, Toshifumi Ohkusa, Shigeo Koido, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, the Jikei University School of Medicine (Kashiwa Hospital), Chiba 277-8567, Japan.
authors.forename: Zensho
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.affiliation: Mikio Kajihara, Kazuki Takakura, Tomoya Kanai, Zensho Ito, Yoshihiro Matsumoto, Toshifumi Ohkusa, Shigeo Koido, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, the Jikei University School of Medicine (Kashiwa Hospital), Chiba 277-8567, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshihiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Matsumoto
authors.affiliation: Mikio Kajihara, Kazuki Takakura, Tomoya Kanai, Zensho Ito, Yoshihiro Matsumoto, Toshifumi Ohkusa, Shigeo Koido, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, the Jikei University School of Medicine (Kashiwa Hospital), Chiba 277-8567, Japan.
authors.forename: Shigetaka
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shimodaira
authors.affiliation: Mikio Kajihara, Kazuki Takakura, Tomoya Kanai, Zensho Ito, Yoshihiro Matsumoto, Toshifumi Ohkusa, Shigeo Koido, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, the Jikei University School of Medicine (Kashiwa Hospital), Chiba 277-8567, Japan.
authors.forename: Masato
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Okamoto
authors.affiliation: Mikio Kajihara, Kazuki Takakura, Tomoya Kanai, Zensho Ito, Yoshihiro Matsumoto, Toshifumi Ohkusa, Shigeo Koido, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, the Jikei University School of Medicine (Kashiwa Hospital), Chiba 277-8567, Japan.
authors.forename: Toshifumi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ohkusa
authors.affiliation: Mikio Kajihara, Kazuki Takakura, Tomoya Kanai, Zensho Ito, Yoshihiro Matsumoto, Toshifumi Ohkusa, Shigeo Koido, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, the Jikei University School of Medicine (Kashiwa Hospital), Chiba 277-8567, Japan.
authors.forename: Shigeo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Koido
mesh_terms: D056704:Adaptive Immunity; D000818:Animals; D000906:Antibodies / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019496:Cancer Vaccines / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D021441:Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D017690:Cell Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000276:immunology / Q000637:transplantation*; D015316:Genetic Therapy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D016246:Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating / Q000276:immunology; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D019139:Tumor Escape; D059016:Tumor Microenvironment
chemical_list: D000906:Antibodies; D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D019496:Cancer Vaccines
keywords: Cancer vaccine; Cytotoxic T lymphocyte; Dendritic cell; Pancreatic cancer; Whole tumor cell