title: Ultrahigh Surface Area Three-Dimensional Porous Graphitic Carbon from Conjugated Polymeric Molecular Framework.
abstract: Porous graphitic carbon is essential for many applications such as energy storage devices, catalysts, and sorbents. However, current graphitic carbons are limited by low conductivity, low surface area, and ineffective pore structure. Here we report a scalable synthesis of porous graphitic carbons using a conjugated polymeric molecular framework as precursor. The multivalent cross-linker and rigid conjugated framework help to maintain micro- and mesoporous structures, while promoting graphitization during carbonization and chemical activation. The above unique design results in a class of highly graphitic carbons at temperature as low as 800 °C with record-high surface area (4073 m(2) g(-1)), large pore volume (2.26 cm(-3)), and hierarchical pore architecture. Such carbons simultaneously exhibit electrical conductivity >3 times more than activated carbons, very high electrochemical activity at high mass loading, and high stability, as demonstrated by supercapacitors and lithium-sulfur batteries with excellent performance. Moreover, the synthesis can be readily tuned to make a broad range of graphitic carbons with desired structures and compositions for many applications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and Department of Energy Resources Engineering, Stanford University , Stanford, California 94305, United States.
authors.forename: John W F
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: To
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and Department of Energy Resources Engineering, Stanford University , Stanford, California 94305, United States.
authors.forename: Zheng
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and Department of Energy Resources Engineering, Stanford University , Stanford, California 94305, United States.
authors.forename: Hongbin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and Department of Energy Resources Engineering, Stanford University , Stanford, California 94305, United States.
authors.forename: Jiajun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and Department of Energy Resources Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States; Department of Physics, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 689-798, Korea.
authors.forename: Kwanpyo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and Department of Energy Resources Engineering, Stanford University , Stanford, California 94305, United States.
authors.forename: Ho-Hsiu
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Chou
authors.affiliation: National Laboratory of Microstructures (Nanjing), School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093, China.
authors.forename: Lijia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and Department of Energy Resources Engineering, Stanford University , Stanford, California 94305, United States.
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wilcox
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and Department of Energy Resources Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States; Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94205, United States.
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and Department of Energy Resources Engineering, Stanford University , Stanford, California 94305, United States.
authors.forename: Zhenan
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Bao