title: Utility of positron emission tomography for drug development for heart failure.
abstract: Only about 1 in 5,000 investigational agents in a preclinical stage acquires Food and Drug Administration approval. Among many reasons for this includes an inefficient transition from preclinical to clinical phases, which exponentially increase the cost and the delays the process of drug development. Positron emission tomography (PET) is a nuclear imaging technique that has been used for the diagnosis, risk stratification, and guidance of therapy. However, lately with the advance of radiochemistry and of molecular imaging technology, it became evident that PET could help novel drug development process. By using a PET radioligand to report on receptor occupancy during novel agent therapy, it may help assess the effectiveness, efficacy, and safety of such a new medication in an early preclinical stage and help design successful clinical trials even at a later phase. In this article, we explore the potential implications of PET in the development of new heart failure therapies and review PET's application in the respective pathophysiologic pathways such as myocardial perfusion, metabolism, innervation, inflammation, apoptosis, and cardiac remodeling.
authors.affiliation: Cardiology Division, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY.
authors.forename: Lampros
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Papadimitriou
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY.
authors.forename: Peter M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Smith-Jones
authors.affiliation: Hospital Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY.
authors.forename: Chaudhry M S
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Sarwar
authors.affiliation: Cardiology Division, Emory University, Atlanta, GA.
authors.forename: Catherine N
authors.initials: CN
authors.lastname: Marti
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY.
authors.forename: Kavitha
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yaddanapudi
authors.affiliation: Cardiology Division, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY.
authors.forename: Hal A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Skopicki
authors.affiliation: Center for Cardiovascular Innovation, Northwestern Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL.
authors.forename: Mihai
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gheorghiade
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY.
authors.forename: Ramin
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Parsey
authors.affiliation: Cardiology Division, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY. Electronic address: javed.butler@stonybrookmedicine.edu.
authors.forename: Javed
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Butler
mesh_terms: D002317:Cardiovascular Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015195:Drug Design; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical / Q000379:methods; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000188:drug therapy*; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography / Q000379:methods*; D014018:Tissue Distribution
chemical_list: D002317:Cardiovascular Agents