title: Screening of BCL-2 associated X protein gene polymorphism associated with scrotal hernia in domesticated swine using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study was conducted to screen scrotal hernia in domesticated swine from selected breeders in the Philippines. This defect is associated with a cytosine to thymine mutation in the BCL-2 associated X protein (BAX) gene of swine.
  
  
  METHODS
  Genetic screening was done by DNA extraction followed by amplification and digestion using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism, amplifying the 416 bp region of theBAXgene that was subjected to digestion using theEar Ienzyme. Sequencing was also conducted to validate the results.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Results revealed that out of 538 samples tested, 411 (76.4%) of the samples were found to be normal whereas the remaining were carriers of the mutation in which 80 (14.9%) were heterozygous mutants and 47 (8.7%) were homozygous mutants. Pietrain breed was found to have the highest incidence.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Having a scrotal hernia eliminates the chances of using the boar as a breeder stock because the following generations arising from it would most likely exhibit herniation. It is therefore advised to establish a genetic screening method for Scrotal Hernia in the Philippines to eliminate the negative gene from the herd.
authors.affiliation: Philippine Carabao Center, Science City of Munoz, Nueva Ecija 3120, Philippines.
authors.forename: Jessica G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Manalaysay
authors.affiliation: College of Science, University of the Philippines Baguio, Baguio2600, Philippines.
authors.forename: Nathaniel D
authors.initials: ND
authors.lastname: Antonio
authors.affiliation: College of Science, University of the Philippines Baguio, Baguio2600, Philippines.
authors.forename: Ralph Lorenz R
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Apilado
authors.affiliation: College of Science, University of the Philippines Baguio, Baguio2600, Philippines.
authors.forename: Joseph F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Bambico
authors.affiliation: Philippine Carabao Center, Science City of Munoz, Nueva Ecija 3120, Philippines.|Scientific Career System, National Academy of Science and Technology, Department of Science and Technology, Taguig, Metro Manila1631, Philippines.
authors.forename: Claro N
authors.initials: CN
authors.lastname: Mingala
keywords: BAX Gene; Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP); Screening; Scrotal Hernia; Swine