title: Electrochemical degradation of the antihypertensive losartan in aqueous medium by electro-oxidation with boron-doped diamond electrode.
abstract: In this work the electrochemical oxidation of losartan, an emerging pharmaceutical pollutant, was studied. Electrochemical oxidation was carried out in batch mode, in an open and undivided cell of 100cm(3) using a boron-doped diamond (BDD)/stainless steel system. With Cl(-) medium 56% of mineralization was registered, while with the trials containing SO4(2-) as supporting electrolyte a higher mineralization yield of 67% was reached, even obtaining a total removal of losartan potassium at 80mAcm(-2) and 180min of reaction time at pH 7.0. Higher losartan potassium concentrations enhanced the mineralization degree and the efficiency of the electrochemical oxidation process. During the mineralization up to 4 aromatic intermediates were identified by ultra high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS). Moreover, short-linear carboxylic acids, like oxalic, succinic and oxamic were detected and quantified by ion-exclusion HPLC. Finally, the ability of the electrochemical oxidation process to mineralize dissolved commercial tablets containing losartan was achieved, obtaining TOC removal up to 71% under optimized conditions (10mAcm(-2), 0.05M Na2SO4, pH 7.0 and 25°C and 360min of electrolysis).
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Trazas Elementales y Especiación, Departamento de Química Analítica e Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Concepción, Edmundo Larenas 129, Concepción 4070371, Chile; Laboratorio de Química Orgánica Ambiental, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Concepción, Edmundo Larenas 129, Concepción 4070371, Chile. Electronic address: clsalazarn@udec.cl.
authors.forename: Claudio
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Salazar
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Electroquímica Medioambiental, LEQMA, Departamento de Química de los Materiales, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, PO-Box 40, Correo 33, Santiago, Chile.
authors.forename: Nicole
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Contreras
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Química Orgánica Ambiental, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Concepción, Edmundo Larenas 129, Concepción 4070371, Chile.
authors.forename: Héctor D
authors.initials: HD
authors.lastname: Mansilla
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Trazas Elementales y Especiación, Departamento de Química Analítica e Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Concepción, Edmundo Larenas 129, Concepción 4070371, Chile.
authors.forename: Jorge
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yáñez
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Electroquímica Medioambiental, LEQMA, Departamento de Química de los Materiales, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, PO-Box 40, Correo 33, Santiago, Chile. Electronic address: ricardo.salazar@usach.cl.
authors.forename: Ricardo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Salazar
mesh_terms: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000737:chemistry*; D001895:Boron / Q000737:chemistry*; D018130:Diamond / Q000737:chemistry*; D004566:Electrodes; D004572:Electrolysis; D019808:Losartan / Q000737:chemistry*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D013607:Tablets; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid / Q000379:methods; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000737:chemistry*; D018508:Water Purification / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D013607:Tablets; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D018130:Diamond; D019808:Losartan; D001895:Boron
keywords: Boron-doped diamond electrode; Electrochemical oxidation; Losartan potassium; Water treatment