title: Lack of strong anti-viral immune gene stimulation in Torque Teno Sus Virus1 infected macrophage cells.
abstract: While recent findings suggest that swine TTVs (TTSuVs) can act as primary or co-infecting pathogens, very little is known about viral immunity. To determine whether TTSuVs downregulate key host immune responses to facilitate their own survival, a swine macrophage cell line, 3D4/31, was used to over-express recombinant TTSuV1 viral particles or the ORF3 protein. Immune gene expression profiles were assessed by a quantitative PCR panel consisting of 22 immune genes, in cell samples collected at 6, 12, 24 and 48h post-transfection. Despite the upregulation of IFN-β and TLR9, interferon stimulated innate genes and pro-inflammatory genes were not upregulated in virally infected cells. The adaptive immune genes, IL-4 and IL-13, were significantly downregulated at 6h post-transfection. The ORF3 protein did not appear do not have a major immuno-suppressive effect, nor did it stimulate anti-viral immunity. Data from this study warrants further investigation into the mechanisms of TTV related immuno-pathogenesis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary and Microbiological Sciences, North Dakota State University, Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, United States.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary and Microbiological Sciences, North Dakota State University, Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, United States. Electronic address: Sheela.ramamoorthy@ndsu.edu.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ramamoorthy
mesh_terms: D056704:Adaptive Immunity / Q000235:genetics; D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D004266:DNA Virus Infections / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000821:virology; D060467:Disease Resistance / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D016679:Genome, Viral; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology*; D007113:Immunity, Innate / Q000235:genetics*; D056747:Immunomodulation / Q000235:genetics; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism; D008264:Macrophages / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000821:virology; D016366:Open Reading Frames; D013552:Swine; D013553:Swine Diseases / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology; D013997:Time Factors; D022783:Torque teno virus / Q000276:immunology* / Q000472:pathogenicity
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D018836:Inflammation Mediators
keywords: Cytokine; Gene expression; ORF3; Porcine; Swine; TTSuV1; Torque Teno Viruses; qPCR