title: Cone Beam Computed Tomography vs Multislice Computed Tomography in Computer-Aided Design/Computer-Assisted Manufacture Guided Implant Surgery Based on Three-Dimensional Optical Scanning and Stereolithographic Guides: Does Image Modality Matter?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) is increasingly overtaking multislice computed tomography (MSCT) for implant planning and computer-aided design/computer-assisted manufacturing (CAD/CAM) surgical guide fabrication. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether the image modality has a significant influence on the accuracy of image-fusion stereolithographic guides.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 240 implants were placed in 30 polymer models using surgical guides fabricated using CBCT or MSCT and optical scanning of dental casts and diagnostic wax-up. Postsurgical image data were fused with the planning data for evaluation of the following errors: total error (Euclidean error), mesiodistal and buccolingual error, depth error, and angular error. The CBCT and MSCT results were statistically compared using a t test (P = .05).
  
  
  RESULTS
  CBCT showed a statistically significantly higher total error with mean (± SD) of 0.36 ± 0.13 mm vs 0.27 ± 0.13 mm (P = .000), mesiodistal error with 0.20 ± 0.14 mm vs 0.16 ± 0.11 mm (P = .018), and depth error with 0.17 ± 0.12 mm vs 0.07 ± 0.07 mm (P = .000). Buccolingual and angular errors did not statistically significantly differ with 0.16 ± 0.11 mm vs 0.15 ± 0.12 mm (P = .613), and 0.96 ± 0.47 degrees vs 0.85 ± 0.59 degrees (P = .111).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Using CBCT for image-fusion stereolithographic guides may provide lower accuracy than MSCT. The results should be confirmed on alternative CBCT scanners. Due to the total volume of tissues, image artifacts, and patient movements, the advantages seen using MSCT on models could be nonexistent or exacerbated on patients. Patient studies are required to demonstrate clinical relevance.
authors.forename: Gerlig
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Widmann
authors.forename: Bastian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Fischer
authors.forename: Johannes Peter Michael
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Berggren
authors.forename: Albina
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dennhardt
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Schullian
authors.forename: Bale
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Reto
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Puelacher
mesh_terms: D017076:Computer-Aided Design; D054893:Cone-Beam Computed Tomography / Q000379:methods; D003758:Dental Implantation, Endosseous / Q000379:methods*; D017267:Dental Prosthesis Design / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods; D061330:Multidetector Computed Tomography; D010347:Patient Care Planning; D025321:Surgery, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*