title: Four-Dimensional Image Reconstruction Strategies in Cardiac-Gated and Respiratory-Gated PET Imaging.
abstract: Cardiac and respiratory movements pose significant challenges to image quality and quantitative accuracy in PET imaging. Cardiac and/or respiratory gating attempt to address this issue, but instead lead to enhanced noise levels. Direct four-dimensional (4D) PET image reconstruction incorporating motion compensation has the potential to minimize noise amplification while removing considerable motion blur. A wide-ranging choice of such techniques is reviewed in this work. Future opportunities and the challenges facing the adoption of 4D PET reconstruction and its role in basic and clinical research are also discussed.
authors.affiliation: Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University, Johns Hopkins Outpatient Centre, Room 3245, 601 N. Caroline Street, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA. Electronic address: arahmim1@jhmi.edu.
authors.forename: Arman
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rahmim
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Oakland University, 2200 N Squirrel Road, Rochester, MI 48309, USA.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva CH-1211, Switzerland; Geneva Neuroscience Center, Geneva University, Geneva CH-1211, Switzerland; Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen 9700 RB, Netherlands.
authors.forename: Habib
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zaidi