title: Motion-Tracking Hardware and Advanced Applications in PET and PET/CT.
abstract: Respiratory and cardiac motions represent important sources of image degradation in both PET and computed tomography (CT) studies that need to be taken into account and compensated to improve image quality and quantitative accuracy. This review describes the hardware needed to perform respiratory and cardiac gating with PET and PET/CT systems. In particular, most of the proposed motion-tracking devices for the management of respiratory, cardiac, and multidimensional movements are described and compared. Some advanced applications in PET and PET/CT made possible by the gating technology are considered and analyzed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ospedale San Raffaele, via Olgettina 60, 20132 Segrate, Milano, Italy; IBFM-CNR, Institute for Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology, via Fratelli Cervi 93, 20132 Segrate, Milano, Italy. Electronic address: bettinardi.valentino@hsr.it.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Bettinardi
authors.affiliation: Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ospedale San Raffaele, via Olgettina 60, 20132 Segrate, Milano, Italy; Department of Health Sciences University of Milano-Bicocca, via Cadore 48, 20090 Monza, Monza e Brianza, Italy; Tecnomed Foundation, University of Milano-Bicocca, via Pergolesi 33, 20090 Monza, Monza Brianza, Italy.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: De Bernardi
authors.affiliation: Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ospedale San Raffaele, via Olgettina 60, 20132 Segrate, Milano, Italy; Department of Physics G. Occhialini, University of Milano Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 3, 20126 Milano, Italy.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Presotto
authors.affiliation: Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ospedale San Raffaele, via Olgettina 60, 20132 Segrate, Milano, Italy; IBFM-CNR, Institute for Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology, via Fratelli Cervi 93, 20132 Segrate, Milano, Italy; Department of Health Sciences University of Milano-Bicocca, via Cadore 48, 20090 Monza, Monza e Brianza, Italy; Tecnomed Foundation, University of Milano-Bicocca, via Pergolesi 33, 20090 Monza, Monza Brianza, Italy.
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Gilardi