title: Effects of distinct practice conditions on the learning of the o soto gari throwing technique of judo.
abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of different types of practice on learning the o soto gari, focusing on the kuzushi (unbalancing the opponent). A total of 64 children (mean age 9.19 ± 1.41 years) were assigned to one of four groups: (1) static traditional practice, i.e., uchikomi - repetition of the moving pattern that characterises the technique up to the point of throwing; (2) in motion traditional practice - uchikomi with the tori (player executing the technique) moving/walking; (3) whole practice with pre-kuzushi - full technique with a preparatory component for kuzushi; (4) progressive parts practice with pre-kuzushi - progressively introducing kuzushi, tsukuri (set-up to execute the technique) and kake (final part of the technique; projection) with pre-kuzushi. Pre-test, acquisition, post-test and retention test were carried out. Movements were video recorded and analysed regarding three aspects: global technique of the tori, occurrence of a movement pattern performed by the tori to unbalance the uke (player receiving the "attack"), and occurrence of actual unbalance (kuzushi). Results showed no significant differences between-groups. However, different within-groups improvements suggest that using a uchikomi with pre-kuzushi can help learners deal with the motor actions of pulling and pushing in order to unbalance the opponent.
authors.affiliation: a Motor Behavior Laboratory, School of Physical Education and Sport , University of São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil.
authors.forename: Fábio Rodrigo Ferreira
authors.initials: FR
authors.lastname: Gomes
authors.affiliation: a Motor Behavior Laboratory, School of Physical Education and Sport , University of São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil.
authors.forename: Flavio Henrique
authors.initials: FH
authors.lastname: Bastos
authors.affiliation: b Motor Ability and Skills Research Group, Arts, Sciences and Humanities School , University of São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil.
authors.forename: Cássio de Miranda
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Meira
authors.affiliation: a Motor Behavior Laboratory, School of Physical Education and Sport , University of São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil.
authors.forename: Jaqueline Freitas de Oliveira
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Neiva
authors.affiliation: a Motor Behavior Laboratory, School of Physical Education and Sport , University of São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil.
authors.forename: Go
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tani
mesh_terms: D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007858:Learning; D008297:Male; D016139:Martial Arts / Q000502:physiology* / Q000523:psychology*; D009048:Motor Skills / Q000502:physiology*; D009068:Movement; D011214:Practice, Psychological
keywords: Judo; O soto gari; motor learning; practice; throwing technique