title: Identification of Individual Exosome-Like Vesicles by Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy.
abstract: Exosome-like vesicles (ELVs) are a novel class of biomarkers that are receiving a lot of attention for the detection of cancer at an early stage. In this study the feasibility of using a surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) based method to distinguish between ELVs derived from different cellular origins is evaluated. A gold nanoparticle based shell is deposited on the surface of ELVs derived from cancerous and healthy cells, which enhances the Raman signal while maintaining a colloidal suspension of individual vesicles. This nanocoating allows the recording of SERS spectra from single vesicles. By using partial least squares discriminant analysis on the obtained spectra, vesicles from different origin can be distinguished, even when present in the same mixture. This proof-of-concept study paves the way for noninvasive (cancer) diagnostic tools based on exosomal SERS fingerprinting in combination with multivariate statistical analysis.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
authors.forename: Stephan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Stremersch
authors.affiliation: ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Carl Friedrich Gauss 3, 08860, Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Monica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Marro
authors.affiliation: Department of Interfaces, Department of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1 OT Golm, 14476, Potsdam, Germany.
authors.forename: Bat-El
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Pinchasik
authors.affiliation: EM-facility EMoNe, VIB-KULeuven Bio Imaging Core and Center for Human Genetics, KULeuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
authors.forename: Pieter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Baatsen
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research, Department of Radiation Oncology and Experimental Cancer Research, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, 900, Ghent, Belgium.
authors.forename: An
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hendrix
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
authors.forename: Stefaan C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: De Smedt
authors.affiliation: ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Carl Friedrich Gauss 3, 08860, Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Pablo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Loza-Alvarez
authors.affiliation: Department of Interfaces, Department of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1 OT Golm, 14476, Potsdam, Germany.|Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.|Centre for Nano- and Biophotonics, Ghent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
authors.forename: Andre G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Skirtach
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
authors.forename: Koen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Raemdonck
authors.affiliation: Centre for Nano- and Biophotonics, Ghent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.|Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
authors.forename: Kevin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Braeckmans
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D055354:Exosomes / Q000737:chemistry*; D006046:Gold / Q000737:chemistry; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry; D013059:Spectrum Analysis, Raman / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D006046:Gold
keywords: diagnostics; exosome-like vesicles; gold nanoparticles; multivariate statistical analysis; surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy