title: Prenatal alcohol exposure and offspring liver dysfunction: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
abstract: Limited studies have reported the effect of prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) on fetal liver development or liver dysfunction. The current review was conducted to systematically review published studies of PAE and liver dysfunction.
  
  
  
  Pub Med, Embase and Web of Science database were searched using terms of "prenatal alcohol exposure" and "liver" or "fetal alcohol spectrum disease" and "liver". The pooled effect size of alcohol exposure was assessed by Hedges's g and 95 % confidence interval (CI) using fixed model or random model depending on the heterogeneity determined by Q test and I (2) statistic.
  
  
  
  A total of 23 studies were included. The results indicated that gestation alcohol exposure resulted in significant reduction of fetal body weight (Hedges's g = -6.854 ± 1.149, 95 % CI -9.106 to -4.602, P < 0.001), but not fetal liver weight reduction (Hedges's g = -0.076 ± 0.878, 95 % CI -1.799 to 1.647, P = 0.931). PAE resulted in significant decline in protein synthesis or enzyme activity of offspring fetal liver including glutathione and 25(OH)2D (Hedges's g = -1.149 ± 0.108, 95 % CI -1.361 to -0.938, P < 0.001), as well as significant increase in proteins including oxidants and collagen (Hedges's g = 1.330 ± 0.146, 95 % CI 1.044-1.616, P < 0.001).
  
  
  
  These results suggested that PAE affects fetal body weight but not liver weight, and that PAE may result in offspring fetal liver dysfunction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetric and Gynecology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, 324 Jingwu Road, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China.|Department of Obstetrics, Eighth People's Hospital of Qingdao, Qingdao, 266100, Shandong, China.
authors.forename: Qunying
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Qingdao Hiser Medical Group, Qingdao, 266033, Shandong, China.
authors.forename: Fengyu
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Qingdao Women and Children Hospital, Qingdao, 266000, Shandong, China.
authors.forename: Xiangrong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetric and Gynecology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266000, Shandong, China.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics, Eighth People's Hospital of Qingdao, Qingdao, 266100, Shandong, China.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics, Eighth People's Hospital of Qingdao, Qingdao, 266100, Shandong, China.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetric and Gynecology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, 324 Jingwu Road, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China. xietongwangqingdao@126.com.
authors.forename: Xietong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000453:epidemiology; D000431:Ethanol / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008107:Liver Diseases / Q000209:etiology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects / Q000453:epidemiology*
chemical_list: D000431:Ethanol
keywords: Liver dysfunction; Meta-analysis; Prenatal alcohol exposure; Systematic review