title: Inflammatory Biomarkers' Response to Two Different Intensities of a Single Bout Exercise Among Soccer Players.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There is a strong relationship between physical inactivity and low-grade inflammation and its adverse health outcomes, particularly cardiovascular disease. The level of anti-inflammatory and pro-inflammatory cytokines may be changed by exercise.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the present study was to determine the response of certain inflammatory biomarkers to exercise with differences in maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max). These biomarkers were IL-1β, TNF-α, hs-CRP, IL-6, sICAM-1, IL-10, and ratios of TNF-α/IL-10 and IL-6/IL-in circulating peripheral blood (PB).
  
  
  METHODS
  In a semi-experimental study, twenty male students who performed regular football exercise at least three days a week, for two years, were selected by easy sampling at Shahid Chamran university of Iran. Subjects were then randomly assigned to two groups: the protocol of the first group was 30 minutes of running at a speed of 65% of VO2max, and the second group performed six periodic repetitions with three minutes at a speed of 85% of VO2max with a 90-second rest between the repetitions. Blood samples were taken at baseline, immediately after the exercise and at rest. Cytokine levels were quantified by the Sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The first protocol resulted in a decrease of serum IL-1β to 3.77 ± 0.28 pg/mL at rest, from 4.33 ± 0.28 at baseline and 4.32 ± 0.34 immediately after exercise (P = 0.008 and P = 0.013, respectively). There was also a decrease in the level of sICAM-1 to 260.11±15.64 ng/mL at rest, from 329.58 ± 20.82 at baseline and 302.7 ± 20.49 post exercise (P = 0.013 and P = 0.038, respectively). On the other hand, IL-6 and ratio of IL-6/IL-10 increased to 6.55±0.84 pg/mL and 2.12 ± 0.37 immediately after exercise from baseline (2.73 ± 0.58 and 1.16 ± 0.33) and rest (2.49 ± 0.45 and 0.95 ± 0.19) in the second protocol (P = 0.001 and P = 0.001, respectively for IL-6, and P = 0.047 and P = 0.024, respectively for IL-6/IL-10).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The data of the present study demonstrated that a single bout of exercise with higher-intensity induces a transient increase in some proinflammatory markers, and lower-intensity can reduce these biomarkers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, Physiology Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, IR Iran.
authors.forename: Mehri
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ghafourian
authors.affiliation: Student Research Committee, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, IR Iran; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Physiology Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, IR Iran.
authors.forename: Damoon
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ashtary-Larky
authors.affiliation: Department of Statistics, Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Sciences, Shahid Chamran University, Ahvaz, IR Iran.
authors.forename: Rahim
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Chinipardaz
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Esfahan University of Medical Sciences, Esfahan, IR Iran.
authors.forename: Nahid
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Eskandary
authors.affiliation: Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Shahid Chamran University, Ahvaz, IR Iran.
authors.forename: Mousa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mehavaran
keywords: Aerobic; Cytokines; Exercise; Inflammation