title: Congenitally Impaired Disparity Vergence in Children With Infantile Esotropia.
abstract: We examined whether congenital impairment of disparity vergence in infantile esotropia (ET) exists in children with short duration ET (≤3 months) compared with long-duration ET and healthy controls. A short duration of misalignment would allow for a substantial amount of balanced binocular input during the critical period of binocular disparity development.
  
  
  
  A total of 19 children aged 5 to 12 years and treated for infantile ET with a short (≤3 months; n = 10) or long (≥5 months; n = 9) duration of constant misalignment before alignment were enrolled. A total of 22 healthy control children were enrolled as a comparison group. Eye movements during disparity vergence and accommodative vergence were recorded using an EyeLink 1000 binocular eye tracker. Mean response gain was compared between and within groups to determine the effect of duration of misalignment and viewing condition.
  
  
  
  Compared with controls, children with short (P = 0.002) and long (P < 0.001) duration infantile ET had reduced response gains for disparity vergence, but not for accommodative vergence (P = 0.19).
  
  
  
  Regardless of duration of misalignment, children with infantile ET had reduced disparity vergence, consistent with a congenital impairment of disparity vergence in infantile ET. Although early correction of misalignment increases the likelihood that some level of binocular disparity sensitivity will be present, normal levels may never be achieved.
authors.affiliation: Retina Foundation of the Southwest, Dallas, Texas, United States.
authors.forename: Krista R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Kelly
authors.affiliation: Retina Foundation of the Southwest, Dallas, Texas, United States 2Department of Ophthalmology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States.
authors.forename: Joost
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Felius
authors.affiliation: Retina Foundation of the Southwest, Dallas, Texas, United States.
authors.forename: Santoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ramachandran
authors.affiliation: Retina Foundation of the Southwest, Dallas, Texas, United States.
authors.forename: Blesson A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: John
authors.affiliation: Retina Foundation of the Southwest, Dallas, Texas, United States.
authors.forename: Reed M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Jost
authors.affiliation: Retina Foundation of the Southwest, Dallas, Texas, United States 2Department of Ophthalmology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States.
authors.forename: Eileen E
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Birch
mesh_terms: D000065:Accommodation, Ocular; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003290:Convergence, Ocular / Q000502:physiology*; D004948:Esotropia / Q000151:congenital / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012438:Saccades / Q000502:physiology*; D015357:Vision Disparity / Q000502:physiology*; D015348:Vision, Binocular / Q000502:physiology*