title: Predicting individualized clinical measures by a generalized prediction framework and multimodal fusion of MRI data.
abstract: Neuroimaging techniques have greatly enhanced the understanding of neurodiversity (human brain variation across individuals) in both health and disease. The ultimate goal of using brain imaging biomarkers is to perform individualized predictions. Here we proposed a generalized framework that can predict explicit values of the targeted measures by taking advantage of joint information from multiple modalities. This framework also enables whole brain voxel-wise searching by combining multivariate techniques such as ReliefF, clustering, correlation-based feature selection and multiple regression models, which is more flexible and can achieve better prediction performance than alternative atlas-based methods. For 50 healthy controls and 47 schizophrenia patients, three kinds of features derived from resting-state fMRI (fALFF), sMRI (gray matter) and DTI (fractional anisotropy) were extracted and fed into a regression model, achieving high prediction for both cognitive scores (MCCB composite r=0.7033, MCCB social cognition r=0.7084) and symptomatic scores (positive and negative syndrome scale [PANSS] positive r=0.7785, PANSS negative r=0.7804). Moreover, the brain areas likely responsible for cognitive deficits of schizophrenia, including middle temporal gyrus, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, striatum, cuneus and cerebellum, were located with different weights, as well as regions predicting PANSS symptoms, including thalamus, striatum and inferior parietal lobule, pinpointing the potential neuromarkers. Finally, compared to a single modality, multimodal combination achieves higher prediction accuracy and enables individualized prediction on multiple clinical measures. There is more work to be done, but the current results highlight the potential utility of multimodal brain imaging biomarkers to eventually inform clinical decision-making.
authors.affiliation: Brainnetome Center and National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
authors.forename: Xing
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Meng
authors.affiliation: Brainnetome Center and National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
authors.forename: Rongtao
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: The Mind Research Network and Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA.
authors.forename: Dongdong
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bustillo
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.affiliation: The Mind Research Network and Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA.
authors.forename: Jiayu
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: The Mind Research Network and Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA.
authors.forename: Qingbao
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: The Mind Research Network and Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA.
authors.forename: Yuhui
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Du
authors.affiliation: Brainnetome Center and National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Brainnetome Center and National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
authors.forename: Tianzi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Brainnetome Center and National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; The Mind Research Network and Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA; CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China. Electronic address: jing.sui@nlpr.ia.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sui
authors.affiliation: The Mind Research Network and Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA; Dept. of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; Dept. of Electronic and Computer Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.
authors.forename: Vince D
authors.initials: VD
authors.lastname: Calhoun
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers; D056324:Diffusion Tensor Imaging / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D059907:Functional Neuroimaging / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D011379:Prognosis; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers
keywords: Individualized prediction; MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB); MRI; Multimodal; Neuromarker; Schizophrenia