title: Psychological and Physical Health in Family Caregivers of Intensive Care Unit Survivors: Current Knowledge and Future Research Strategies.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This article provides an overview of current knowledge on the impact of caregiving on the psychological and physical health of family caregivers of intensive care unit (ICU) survivors and suggestions for future research.
  
  
  METHODS
  Review of selected papers published in English between January 2000 and October 2015 reporting psychological and physical health outcomes in family caregivers of ICU survivors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In family caregivers of ICU survivors followed up to five years after patients' discharge from an ICU, psychological symptoms, manifested as depression, anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorder, were highly prevalent. Poor self-care, sleep disturbances and fatigue were identified as common physical health problems in family caregivers. Studies to date are mainly descriptive; few interventions have targeted family caregivers. Further, studies that elicit unique needs of families from diverse cultures are lacking.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Studies to date have described the impact of caregiving on the psychological and physical health in family caregivers of ICU survivors. Few studies have tested interventions to support unique needs in this population. Therefore, evidence for best strategies is lacking. Future research is needed to identify ICU caregivers at greatest risk for distress, time points to target interventions with maximal efficacy, needs of those from diverse cultures and test interventions to mitigate family caregivers' burden.
authors.affiliation: Department of Acute & Tertiary Care, School of Nursing, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA. jic11@pitt.edu.
authors.forename: Jiyeon
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Division of Pulmonary, Allergy & Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
authors.forename: Michael P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Donahoe
authors.affiliation: Department of Acute & Tertiary Care, School of Nursing & Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
authors.forename: Leslie A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Hoffman
mesh_terms: D001007:Anxiety; D017028:Caregivers / Q000523:psychology*; D003863:Depression / Q000209:etiology; D005190:Family; D005221:Fatigue / Q000209:etiology; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D007362:Intensive Care Units; D012648:Self Care; D012893:Sleep Wake Disorders / Q000209:etiology; D013313:Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / Q000209:etiology; D013315:Stress, Psychological; D017741:Survivors
keywords: Caregivers; Family; Intensive care unit