title: Immunohistochemical Assessment of Leukocyte Involvement in Angiogenesis.
abstract: Angiogenesis is a hallmark of cancer and is important for tumor growth, development, and metastasis. Leukocytes, including neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, lymphocytes, and monocytes, are found invading many solid tumors, and this inflammation is often associated with tumorigenesis. Tumor-associated macrophages have been shown to be involved in tumor migration and metastasis and are modulators of tumor vascularization. Tumor-associated macrophages are a source of angiogenic factors, and pro-inflammatory cytokines involved in angiogenesis, lymphangiogenesis, and metastasis. Here we describe a method of quantifying the number of macrophages and their class within tumor tissue which can be compared with tumor blood and lymphatic microvessel density as a measure of angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis. Although not described in depth, application of the methodology is described for other leukocyte populations, such as tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes.
authors.affiliation: University of Nottingham, Academic Unit of Clinical Oncology, School of Medicine, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, City Hospital Campus, Nottingham, NG5 1PB, UK.
authors.forename: Narmeen S
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Ahmad
authors.affiliation: University of Nottingham, Academic Unit of Clinical Oncology, School of Medicine, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, City Hospital Campus, Nottingham, NG5 1PB, UK.
authors.forename: Stewart G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.affiliation: University of Nottingham, Academic Unit of Clinical Oncology, School of Medicine, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, City Hospital Campus, Nottingham, NG5 1PB, UK. sarah.storr@nottingham.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Sarah J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Storr
mesh_terms: D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000378:metabolism; D015214:Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic / Q000378:metabolism; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000098:blood supply / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D042583:Lymphangiogenesis; D008264:Macrophages / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000378:metabolism; D000098902:CD163 Antigen; D000097382:CD68 Molecule
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D015214:Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D000098902:CD163 Antigen; C067980:CD68 antigen, human; D000097382:CD68 Molecule
keywords: Angiogenesis; CD163; CD68; Tumor-associated macrophages