title: The linear structure of β-glucan from baker's yeast and its activation of macrophage-like RAW264.7 cells.
abstract: Yeast β-glucan has many formulations with different chemical structures, water solubility and purity. In particular, the purity of β-glucan in these formulations is variable and relatively low, contributing to different data on its biological activity. In this study, the major polysaccharide component in the crude Baker's yeast polysaccharides coded as BBG with high purity of 99% was obtained, and its chemical structure was determined to be a linear β-(1,3)-glucan. It was found that BBG interacted with complement receptor 3 (CR3) and toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) on the surface of macrophage-like RAW264.7 cells, and initiated activation of RAW264.7 cells characterized by significant production of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1). Additionally, activation of the nuclear factor kappaB p65 (NF-κB p65), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) induced by BBG, were also observed, further confirming the stimulation of RAW264.7 cells by BBG. All these findings provided important scientific evidences for better understanding the molecular mechanism of action for the linear β-(1,3)-glucan in cells.
authors.affiliation: College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
authors.forename: Xing
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.affiliation: College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
authors.forename: Siwei
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zou
authors.affiliation: College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
authors.forename: Qingye
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Physics Department & The Key Laboratory of Education Ministry for Optics and Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China.
authors.forename: Jianhui
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: Physics Department & The Key Laboratory of Education Ministry for Optics and Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China.
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China. Electronic address: xuxj@whu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Xiaojuan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
authors.forename: Lina
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000954:Antigens, Surface / Q000378:metabolism; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology; D051379:Mice; D000067996:RAW 264.7 Cells; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism; D047071:beta-Glucans / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000954:Antigens, Surface; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D047071:beta-Glucans
keywords: Activation of microphage-like cells; Chemical structure; Interaction; Receptor; Yeast β-glucan