title: In vivo injection of α-bungarotoxin to improve the efficiency of motor endplate labeling.
abstract: Motor endplates are composed of a motor neuron terminal and muscle fiber and are distributed in skeletal muscle, causing muscle contraction. However, traditional motor endplate staining methods are limited to the observation of partial skeletal muscle. The procedure was time-consuming due to strict incubation conditions, and usually provided unsatisfactory results. We explored a novel method to label motor endplate rapidly by in vivo injection of fluorescent α-bungarotoxin.
  
  
  
  Fifty-two mice were randomly divided into two groups, an experiment group (n = 50), and a contrast group (n = 2). In experiment group, α-bungarotoxin was injected via the caudal vein. The injection dosages were designated as 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, and 0.5 μg/g. The experimental mice were divided into five subgroups of ten mice per group. The contrast group was only injected with 200 μL normal saline solution. Bilateral gastrocnemius were acquired for microscope analysis and optical clearing to seek specific fluorescent signal.
  
  
  
  A dose of 0.3 μg/g of α-bungarotoxin with 1 h conjugation time could display the number and structure of motor endplate in plane view. Compared with the traditional procedure, this method was rapid, convenient, and time-saving. Combined with the optical clearing technique, spatial distribution could also be seen, helping to better understand the stereoscopic view of motor endplate position in skeletal muscle.
  
  
  
  In vivo injection of α-bungarotoxin proved effective for studying motor endplate in skeletal muscle.
authors.affiliation: Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics Peking University People's Hospital No. 11 South Xizhimen Street Beijing 100044 China.
authors.forename: Wentao
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics Huazhong University of Science and Technology 1037 Luoyu Road Wuhan Hubei 430074 China.
authors.forename: Tingting
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics Peking University People's Hospital No. 11 South Xizhimen Street Beijing 100044 China.
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics Huazhong University of Science and Technology 1037 Luoyu Road Wuhan Hubei 430074 China.
authors.forename: Yisong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Qi
authors.affiliation: Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics Peking University People's Hospital No. 11 South Xizhimen Street Beijing 100044 China.
authors.forename: Peixun
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics Huazhong University of Science and Technology 1037 Luoyu Road Wuhan Hubei 430074 China.
authors.forename: Dan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics Peking University People's Hospital No. 11 South Xizhimen Street Beijing 100044 China.
authors.forename: Xiaofeng
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.affiliation: Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics Peking University People's Hospital No. 11 South Xizhimen Street Beijing 100044 China.
authors.forename: Baoguo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Jiang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002038:Bungarotoxins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D009045:Motor Endplate / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal; D013194:Staining and Labeling / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D002038:Bungarotoxins; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes
keywords: Distribution; in vivo injection; motor endplate; optical clearing technique; α‐bungarotoxin