title: Human Arterial Ring Angiogenesis Assay.
abstract: In this chapter we describe a model of human angiogenesis where artery explants from umbilical cords are embedded in gel matrices and subsequently produce capillary-like structures. The human arterial ring (hAR) assay is an innovative system that enables three-dimensional (3D) and live studies of human angiogenesis. This ex vivo model has the advantage of recapitulating several steps of angiogenesis, including endothelial sprouting, migration, and differentiation into capillaries. Furthermore, it can be exploited for (1) identification of new genes regulating sprouting angiogenesis, (2) screening for pro- or anti-angiogenic drugs, (3) identification of biomarkers to monitor the efficacy of anti-angiogenic regimens, and (4) dynamic analysis of tumor microenvironmental effects on vessel formation.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Cell Migration, Candiolo Cancer Institute - FPO, IRCCS, Candiolo, Turin, Italy.|Edwin L. Steele Laboratory for Tumor Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA.
authors.forename: Giorgio
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Seano
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Cell Migration, Candiolo Cancer Institute - FPO, IRCCS, Candiolo, Turin, Italy. luca.primo@ircc.it.|Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Torino, Turin, Italy. luca.primo@ircc.it.
authors.forename: Luca
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Primo
mesh_terms: D001158:Arteries; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002465:Cell Movement; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D018920:Coculture Techniques; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism; D057809:HEK293 Cells; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000378:metabolism; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000378:metabolism; D018919:Neovascularization, Physiologic; D059016:Tumor Microenvironment; D014470:Umbilical Cord / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism; D040301:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2 / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: C000588866:KDR protein, human; D040301:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2
keywords: 3D cell culture; Drug discovery; Human explants; Lentiviral transduction; Sprouting angiogenesis; Tumor microenvironment; Umbilical artery; VEGF