title: High-normal blood pressure is associated with visit-to-visit blood pressure variability in the US adults.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  High-normal blood pressure and visit-to-visit blood pressure variability are common in clinical settings. They are associated with cardiovascular outcomes. No population based studies have assessed the association between these two phenomena. Our objective was to test the relationship of high-normal blood pressure with visit-to-visit blood pressure variability.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional study.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used data from the cross-sectional Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey to test the relationship between high-normal blood pressure and visit-to-visit blood pressure variability; we conducted multivariable regression analyses to evaluate the relationship between these two variables.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The analysis included 6,071 participants. The participants' mean age was 37.16 years. The means of visit-to-visit systolic and diastolic blood pressure variability were 5.84 mmHg and 5.26 mmHg. High-normal blood pressure was significantly associated with systolic and diastolic blood pressure variability (p values <0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  High-normal blood pressure is associated with visit-to-visit blood pressure variability. Additional research is required to replicate the reported results in prospective studies and evaluate approaches to reduce blood pressure variability observed in clinical settings among patients with high-normal blood pressure to reduce the subsequent complications of blood pressure variability.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health , University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences , Little Rock , AR , USA.|b Department of Public Health , National Liver Institute, Menoufiya University , Menoufiya , Egypt.
authors.forename: Mohammed F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Faramawi
authors.affiliation: a Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health , University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences , Little Rock , AR , USA.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Delongchamp
authors.affiliation: c Division of Pharmaceutical Evaluation and Policy, College of Pharmacy , University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences , Little Rock , AR , USA.
authors.forename: Qayyim
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Said
authors.affiliation: a Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health , University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences , Little Rock , AR , USA.|d Arkansas Department of Health , Little Rock , AR , USA.
authors.forename: Appathurai
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Balamurugan
authors.affiliation: e Department of Public Health , Beni Suif University , Beni Suif , Egypt.
authors.forename: Alaa
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hassan
authors.affiliation: f Clinical and Translational Research Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences , Little Rock , AR , USA.
authors.forename: Saly
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Abouelenien
authors.affiliation: g Department of Anesthesiology, College of Medicine , University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences , Little Rock , AR , USA.
authors.forename: Mohamed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ismaeil
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000553:Ambulatory Care; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015588:Observer Variation; D014481:United States
keywords: Blood pressure; cardiovascular diseases; clinic visits; cross-sectional studies