title: Hierarchical structures of β-TCP/45S5 bioglass hybrid scaffolds prepared by gelcasting.
abstract: This paper investigates the microstructure and the mechanical properties of β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) three-dimensional (3D) porous materials reinforced with 45S5 bioactive glass (BG). β-TCP and β-TCP/x%-BG scaffolds with interconnected pores networks, suitable for bone regeneration, were fabricated by gel-casting method. Mechanical properties, porosity, and morphological characteristics were evaluated by compressive strength test, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray microtomography analysis, whereas the structures were fully explored by XRD, and Raman spectroscopy. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time where the mechanism for understanding the effect of bioglass on the mechanical properties and microstruture of β-TCP/45S5-BG scaffolds has been systematically studied. The findings showed that ionic product lixiviated from 45S5 bioactive glass, rich in silicon species and sodium ion, catalyzes a phase transition from β-TCP to Si-TCP by replacement of phosphorus for silicon and contributes to the improvement of scaffolds mechanical properties. The compressive strength of β-TCP/5%-BG and β-TCP/7.5%-BG was improved around 200% in comparison to pure β-TCP. Osteoblast-like cells (MG 63) were exposed to the materials for 24h through the use of medium conditioned by β-tricalcium phosphate/bioactive glass. Cell viability was measured by MTT assay in the cells and the data obtained were submitted to ANOVA, Tukey׳s multiple comparison (p<0.05). The β-TCP/7.5-BG promoted an increase of cell proliferation. The results suggest that compositions and processing method studied may provide appropriate materials for tissue engineering.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, P.O. Box 6154, 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil. Electronic address: henriquelopez@gmail.com.
authors.forename: João Henrique
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Lopes
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Bioceramics (BIOCERAM), Institute of Science and Technology - ICT, Federal University of São Paulo - UNIFESP, 12231-280 São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil. Electronic address: jessica.magalhaes@unifesp.br.
authors.forename: Jéssica Aparecida
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Magalhães
authors.affiliation: National Nanotechnology Laboratory (LNNANO), National Center for Energy and Materials (CNPEM), P.O. Box 6192, 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil. Electronic address: rubia.gouveia@lnnano.cnpem.br.
authors.forename: Rubia Figueredo
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Gouveia
authors.affiliation: Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, P.O. Box 6154, 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil. Electronic address: bertran@iqm.unicamp.br.
authors.forename: Celso Aparecido
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Bertran
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Bioceramics (BIOCERAM), Institute of Science and Technology - ICT, Federal University of São Paulo - UNIFESP, 12231-280 São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil. Electronic address: motisuke@unifesp.br.
authors.forename: Mariana
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Motisuke
authors.affiliation: Institute of Science and Technology - ICT, São Paulo State University - UNESP, 12245-000 São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil. Electronic address: samira@fosjc.unesp.br.
authors.forename: Samira E A
authors.initials: SEA
authors.lastname: Camargo
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Bioceramics (BIOCERAM), Institute of Science and Technology - ICT, Federal University of São Paulo - UNIFESP, 12231-280 São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil. Electronic address: eliandra.sousa@unifesp.br.
authors.forename: Eliandra de Sousa
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Trichês
mesh_terms: D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry*; D002130:Calcium Phosphates / Q000737:chemistry*; D002516:Ceramics / Q000737:chemistry*; D016062:Porosity; D023822:Tissue Engineering; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; C022107:Bioglass; D002130:Calcium Phosphates; C485817:beta-tricalcium phosphate
keywords: 45S5 bioglass; Bioactivity; Gelcasting; Scaffolds; β-TCP