title: Cancer cell motility is affected through 3D cell culturing and SCF/c-Kit pathway but not by X-irradiation.
abstract: Success of radiotherapy is often limited by therapy resistance and metastasis resulting from cancer cell motility. It was tested in vitro whether this cancer cell motility is affected by growth condition, active SCF/c-Kit pathway or X-irradiation.
  
  
  
  Cell motility was measured with BioCoat™ Matrigel™ invasion chamber using four different cancer cell lines (NSCLC: H23, H520, H226 and PrCa: DU145). Cells were grown in 2D or 3D, SCF was knocked down by siRNA and cells were irradiated with 2 or 6Gy.
  
  
  
  All cell lines except H520 showed a 2-3-fold increase in cell motility when grown in 3D. This effect was considered to result from the EMT-like change seen when cells were grown in 3D as indicated by the enhanced expression of vimentin and N-cadherin and reduction of E-cadherin. Just the opposite trends were found for H520 cells. Knockdown of SCF was found to result in reduced cell motility for both 2D and 3D. In contrast, X-irradiation did not modulate cell motility neither under 2D nor 3D. In line with this, X-irradiation did neither induce the expression of EMT-associated genes nor SCF.
  
  
  
  X-irradiation affects neither the expression of important EMT genes such as vimentin, E-cadherin and N-cadherin nor SCF/c-Kit signaling and, as a consequence, does not alter cell motility.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiotherapy and Radiooncology, Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Fabian
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Eberle
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiotherapy and Radiooncology, Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Miriam F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Saulich
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiotherapy and Radiooncology, Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Florian H
authors.initials: FH
authors.lastname: Leinberger
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine II, Universities of Giessen & Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Germany.
authors.forename: Werner
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Seeger
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiotherapy and Radiooncology, Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany; Department of Radiotherapy, Universities of Giessen & Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Germany.
authors.forename: Rita
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Engenhart-Cabillic
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiotherapy and Radiooncology, Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany; Laboratory of Radiobiology & Experimental Radiooncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany.
authors.forename: Ekkehard
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Dikomey
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Jörg
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hänze
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine IV/V, Universities of Giessen & Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Germany.
authors.forename: Katja
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hattar
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiotherapy and Radiooncology, Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany; Department of Radiotherapy, Universities of Giessen & Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Germany. Electronic address: Florentine.Subtil@staff.uni-marburg.de.
authors.forename: Florentine S B
authors.initials: FS
authors.lastname: Subtil
mesh_terms: D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000502:physiology; D015820:Cadherins / Q000502:physiology; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000473:pathology*; D002465:Cell Movement; D058750:Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D019009:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-kit / Q000502:physiology*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology*; D019089:Stem Cell Factor / Q000502:physiology*; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D014965:X-Rays
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; C513384:CDH1 protein, human; C050361:CDH2 protein, human; D015820:Cadherins; D019089:Stem Cell Factor; D019009:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-kit
keywords: 3D cell culture; Cancer cell motility; SCF/c-Kit pathway; X-irradiation; siRNA