title: Effects of Radio Frequency and Ultrasound Cavitation Therapy on Serum C-reactive Protein and Pro-oxidant-Antioxidant Levels.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A combination of radio-frequency (RF) and ultrasound cavitation (UC) has been reported to reduce indices of obesity. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of a combination of these techniques on anthropometric indices, pro-oxidant-antioxidant balance (PAB), and serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP).
  
  
  METHODS
  This randomized clinical trial was performed on 50 healthy women between January 2014 and June 2014 in Ghaem Hospital, Mashhad, Iran. Participants were randomized to one of two groups, both of which received a low-calorie diet containing 500-kcal energy deficit per day. The trial group included twenty-five subjects who were assigned to the combined treatment of RF and ultrasound cavitation program of abdomen and flank areas. There were twenty-five control subjects who received the low calorie diet alone. Biochemical markers, including serum hs-CRP and PAB values, and anthropometric indices were measured in the intervention group and healthy controls.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For both the intervention and control groups, waist circumference was reduced significantly by 3.76 ± 1.69 and 2.40 ± 1.04, respectively (P < 0.05). In addition, abdominal circumference was reduced by 9.5 ± 2.66 and 3.12 ± 1.88, in these groups, respectively (P < 0.001). Decrement of PAB level in the intervention group, and its increment in the control group, were not significant (P > 0.05). In addition, reductions of hs-CRP and PAB between the two studied groups during five weeks of study were not significant (P > 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although there were significant reductions in anthropometric indices following treatment with RF and UC, the effects on serum PAB or hs-CRP were no significantly different, compared to the control group. Further studies are needed to confirm the beneficial effect for the use of these techniques.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
authors.forename: Mahsa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mohammadzadeh
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
authors.forename: Samira
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nasrfard
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiac Surgery, Imam Reza Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran, Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
authors.forename: Pouya
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Nezafati
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
authors.forename: Mahla
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Arabpour
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
authors.forename: Narjes
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ghaane
authors.affiliation: Department of Community Medicine, School of medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran, Research Center for Patient Safety, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
authors.forename: Maryam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Salehi
authors.affiliation: Biochemistry and Nutrition Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Safarian
authors.affiliation: Biochemistry and Nutrition Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. ghayourm@mums.ac.ir.
authors.forename: Majid
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ghayour-Mobarhan
authors.affiliation: Division of Medical Education, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Falmer, Brighton, Sussex, UK.
authors.forename: Gordon A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Ferns
authors.affiliation: Biochemistry and Nutrition Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. Norouzya@mums.ac.ir.
authors.forename: Abdolreza
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Norouzy
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000032:analysis*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000032:analysis*; D004038:Diet, Reducing; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007492:Iran; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood* / Q000628:therapy*; D061208:Pulsed Radiofrequency Treatment / Q000379:methods*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000097:blood*; D014464:Ultrasonic Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D055105:Waist Circumference
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D015415:Biomarkers; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D002097:C-Reactive Protein