title: Obesity and Cardiovascular Risk: Variations in Visfatin Gene Can Modify the Obesity Associated Cardiovascular Risk. Results from the Segovia Population Based-Study. Spain.
abstract: Our aim was to investigate if genetic variations in the visfatin gene (SNPs rs7789066/ rs11977021/rs4730153) could modify the cardiovascular-risk (CV-risk) despite the metabolic phenotype (obesity and glucose tolerance). In addition, we investigated the relationship between insulin sensitivity and variations in visfatin gene.
  
  
  
  A population-based study in rural and urban areas of the Province of Segovia, Spain, was carried out in the period of 2001-2003 years. A total of 587 individuals were included, 25.4% subjects were defined as obese (BMI ≥30 Kg/m2).
  
  
  
  Plasma visfatin levels were significantly higher in obese subjects with DM2 than in other categories of glucose tolerance. The genotype AA of the rs4730153 SNP was significantly associated with fasting glucose, fasting insulin and HOMA-IR (Homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance) after adjustment for gender, age, BMI and waist circumference. The obese individuals carrying the CC genotype of the rs11977021 SNP showed higher circulating levels of fasting proinsulin after adjustment for the same variables. The genotype AA of the rs4730153 SNP seems to be protective from CV-risk either estimated by Framingham or SCORE charts in general population; and in obese and non-obese individuals. No associations with CV-risk were observed for other studied SNPs (rs11977021/rs7789066).
  
  
  
  In summary, this is the first study which concludes that the genotype AA of the rs4730153 SNP appear to protect against CV-risk in obese and non-obese individuals, estimated by Framingham and SCORE charts. Our results confirm that the different polymorphisms in the visfatin gene might be influencing the glucose homeostasis in obese individuals.
authors.affiliation: Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain.|Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC-HCSC), Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: María Teresa
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Martínez Larrad
authors.affiliation: Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain.|Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC-HCSC), Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Arturo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Corbatón Anchuelo
authors.affiliation: Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain.|Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC-HCSC), Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fernández Pérez
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC-HCSC), Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Milagros
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pérez Barba
authors.affiliation: Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain.|Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC-HCSC), Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Yera
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lazcano Redondo
authors.affiliation: Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain.|Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC-HCSC), Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Serrano Ríos
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D005215:Fasting; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression; D006801:Humans; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D054409:Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyltransferase / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics*; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D011384:Proinsulin / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics; D065840:Protective Factors; D012306:Risk; D012424:Rural Population; D013030:Spain; D014505:Urban Population
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D016207:Cytokines; D011384:Proinsulin; D054409:Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyltransferase; C085455:nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase, human