title: Adiponectin plays a role in energy metabolism for musk secretion in scent glands of muskrats (Ondatra zibethicus).
abstract: Adult male muskrats (Ondatra zibethicus) secret musk from their scent glands to attract females for seasonal mating. The goal of the present study was to investigate whether the changes in energy metabolism related to musk secretion during the breeding and non-breeding seasons are mediated by adiponectin. We found that the secretion of musk during the breeding season was markedly greater than that during the non-breeding season. The serum adiponectin concentration measured using an ELISA kit was higher during the breeding season than during the non-breeding season. Glandular cells, interstitial cells, epithelial cells and glandular cavities were detected in scent glands using histological methods. Immunohistochemical methods were used to show that AMP-activated protein kinase-gamma-1 (AMPKG1), and glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) were more strongly expressed in glandular cells during the breeding season than the non-breeding season, whereas the immunoreactivity for acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 (ACC1) was stronger during the non-breeding season. Consistent with these qualitative results, RNA-Seq analysis indicated that the expression of AdipoR1 mRNA was not significantly different during the two seasons. However, AMPKG1 and GLUT1 mRNA levels were higher in scent glands during the breeding season than during the non-breeding season, whereas ACC1 mRNA levels notably decreased during the breeding season. These results suggest that greater musk secretion requires additional energy, which may be provided by an adiponectin-mediated increase in β-oxidation and glucose absorption.
authors.affiliation: College of Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Tianxiang
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Weixuan
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Qi
authors.forename: Mengyuan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.forename: Jiachen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: Yihua
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Wenxia
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Xiaolong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Ruibo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.forename: Ran
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Yuting
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.forename: Juntong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Shuang
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Defu
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Shuqiang
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D055372:AMP-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D000123:Acetyltransferases / Q000378:metabolism; D052242:Adiponectin / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D003411:Arvicolinae / Q000378:metabolism*; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D005229:Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated / Q000378:metabolism*; D051272:Glucose Transporter Type 1 / Q000378:metabolism; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D054419:Receptors, Adiponectin / Q000378:metabolism; D012098:Reproduction; D012543:Scent Glands / Q000378:metabolism*; D012621:Seasons
chemical_list: D052242:Adiponectin; D005229:Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated; D051272:Glucose Transporter Type 1; D054419:Receptors, Adiponectin; C008563:musk; D000123:Acetyltransferases; C055210:aminoglycoside N1-acetyltransferase; D055372:AMP-Activated Protein Kinases