title: The Effect of Minimally Invasive Hematoma Aspiration on the JNK Signal Transduction Pathway after Experimental Intracerebral Hemorrhage in Rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore the effect of minimally invasive hematoma aspiration (MIHA) on the c-Jun NH₂-terminal kinase (JNK) signal transduction pathway after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH).
  
  
  METHODS
  In this experiment, 300 adult male Wistar rats were randomly and averagely divided into sham-operated group, ICH group and MIHA group. In each group, 60 rats were used in the detection of indexes in this experiment, while the other 40 rats were used to replace rats which reached the exclusion criteria (accidental death or operation failure). In ICH group and MIHA group, ICH was induced by injection of 70 µL of autologous arterial blood into rat brain, while only the rats in MIHA group were treated by MIHA 6 h after ICH. Rats in sham-operated group were injected nothing into brains, and they were not treated either, like rats in ICH group. In each group, six rats were randomly selected to observe their Bederson's scales persistently (6, 24, 48, 72, 96, 120 h after ICH). According to the time they were sacrificed, the remaining rats in each group were divided into 3 subgroups (24, 72, 120 h). The change of brain water content (BWC) was measured by the wet weight to dry weight ratio method. The morphology of neurons in cortex was observed by the hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining. The expressions of phospho-c-Jun NH₂-terminal kinase (pJNK) and JNK in peri-hematomal brain tissue were determined by the immunohistochemistry (IHC) and Western blotting (WB).
  
  
  RESULTS
  At all time points, compared with the ICH groups, the expression of pJNK decreased obviously in MIHA groups (p < 0.05), while their Bederson's scales and BWC declined, and neuron injury in the cortex was relieved. The expression level of JNK was not altered at different groups. The data obtained by IHC and WB indicated a high-level of consistency, which provided a certain dependability of the test results.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The JNK signal transduction pathway could be activated after intracerebral hemorrhage, with the expressions of pJNK increasing. MIHA could relieve the histo-pathological damage of nerve cells, reducing brain edema and neurological deficits, and these neuroprotective effects might be associated with suppression of JNK signal transduction pathway.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, Shandong, China. peihtao@163.com.
authors.forename: Haitao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Pei
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi 276003, Shandong, China. fakewings2012@163.com.
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, Shandong, China. guofangliu1123@sina.com.
authors.forename: Guofang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Institute of Integrative Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, Shandong, China. 15854207702@163.com.
authors.forename: Zhaoxing
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Institute of Integrative Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, Shandong, China. 15064888813@163.com.
authors.forename: Kai
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, Shandong, China. anjgjo@163.com.
authors.forename: Jingjiao
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: An
authors.affiliation: Beijing Meidehoupu Science and Technology Company Limited, Beijing 102206, China. 15005326618@163.com.
authors.forename: Guangcheng
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Institute of Cerebrovascular Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, Shandong, China. guoqdsd@163.com.
authors.forename: Yunliang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Guo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002543:Cerebral Hemorrhage / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D006406:Hematoma / Q000378:metabolism / Q000601:surgery; D048670:MAP Kinase Kinase 4 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System; D008297:Male; D019060:Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects*; D019152:Paracentesis / Q000009:adverse effects*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D048670:MAP Kinase Kinase 4
keywords: JNK; brain edema; intracerebral hemorrhage; minimally invasive hematoma aspiration; rats