title: Guide for Carotenoid Identification in Biological Samples.
abstract: In recent years there has been considerable interest in carotenoids with respect to their biological roles in animals, microorganisms, and plants, in addition to their use in the chemical, cosmetics, food, pharmaceutical, poultry, and other industries. However, the structural diversity, the different range of concentration, and the presence of cis/trans-isomers complicate the identification of carotenoids. This review provides updated information on their physical and chemical properties as well as spectroscopic and chromatographic data for the unambiguous determination of carotenoids in biological samples.
authors.affiliation: Program in Individualized Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University , Pullman, Washington 99164, United States.
authors.forename: Sol Maiam
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Rivera Vélez
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000737:chemistry*; D002338:Carotenoids / Q000737:chemistry*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D006801:Humans; D010946:Plants, Medicinal / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D002338:Carotenoids