title: Dual Function of Ccr5 during Langat Virus Encephalitis: Reduction in Neutrophil-Mediated Central Nervous System Inflammation and Increase in T Cell-Mediated Viral Clearance.
abstract: Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) is a vector-transmitted flavivirus that causes potentially fatal neurologic infection. There are thousands of cases reported annually, and despite the availability of an effective vaccine, the incidence of TBEV is increasing worldwide. Importantly, up to 30% of affected individuals develop long-term neurologic sequelae. We investigated the role of chemokine receptor Ccr5 in a mouse model of TBEV infection using the naturally attenuated tick-borne flavivirus Langat virus (LGTV). Ccr5-deficient mice presented with an increase in viral replication within the CNS and decreased survival during LGTV encephalitis compared with wild-type controls. This enhanced susceptibility was due to the temporal lag in lymphocyte migration into the CNS. Adoptive transfer of wild-type T cells, but not Ccr5-deficient T cells, significantly improved survival outcome in LGTV-infected Ccr5-deficient mice. Concomitantly, a significant increase in neutrophil migration into the CNS in LGTV-infected Ccr5(-/-) mice was documented at the late stage of infection. Ab-mediated depletion of neutrophils in Ccr5(-/-) mice resulted in a significant improvement in mortality, a decrease in viral load, and a decrease in overall tissue damage in the CNS compared with isotype control-treated mice. Ccr5 is crucial in directing T cells toward the LGTV-infected brain, as well as in suppressing neutrophil-mediated inflammation within the CNS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029; and.
authors.forename: Daniela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Michlmayr
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029; and.
authors.forename: Susana V
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Bardina
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029; and.
authors.forename: Carlos A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Rodriguez
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892.
authors.forename: Alexander G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Pletnev
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029; and jean.lim@mssm.edu.
authors.forename: Jean K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Lim
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D020805:Central Nervous System Viral Diseases / Q000276:immunology*; D004669:Encephalitis Viruses, Tick-Borne / Q000276:immunology*; D004675:Encephalitis, Tick-Borne / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology*; D007249:Inflammation / Q000276:immunology; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000276:immunology*; D019713:Receptors, CCR5 / Q000172:deficiency / Q000276:immunology*; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D014779:Virus Replication / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: C000592874:CCR5 protein, mouse; D019713:Receptors, CCR5