title: The prognostic role and reduced expression of FOXJ2 in human hepatocellular carcinoma.
abstract: The current study aimed to investigate the potential role of the FOXJ2 (forkhead box J2) protein in the pathology of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Western blotting was performed to determine the expression levels of FOXJ2 in HCC tissues and HCC cells. Specimens from 110 patients with HCC undergoing hepatic resection were evaluated for FOXJ2 expression using an immunohistochemical assay. The correlation between FOXJ2 expression and clinicopathological factors of the patients was determined by statistical analysis to determine the prognostic merit of FOXJ2 expression in HCC. The detailed involvement of FOXJ2 in the regulation of HCC proliferation was further investigated using FOXJ2‑targeting small interfering RNA (siRNA). FOXJ2 protein was identified to be significantly downregulated in HCC tissues compared with adjacent normal liver tissues. Immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated that the expression of FOXJ2 was negatively correlated with Ki‑67 levels in HCC specimens (r=‑0.679, P<0.001). Furthermore, statistical analysis indicated FOXJ2 expression was significantly associated with histological differentiation (P=0.005), the size of largest tumor (P=0.002) and metastasis (P=0.036). Using Kaplan‑Meier analysis, it was demonstrated that high FOXJ2 expression levels predicted significantly improved patient survival rates compared with low FOXJ2 expression levels (P<0.001). In addition, it was observed that interference of FOXJ2 expression using siRNA oligos led to the promotion of proliferation of HepG2 cells. FOXJ2 was markedly downregulated in HCC tissues. The expression of FOXJ2 was correlated with tumor size, histological differentiation and metastasis. Low expression levels of FOXJ2 predicted poor prognosis for patients with HCC, suggesting that FOXJ2 may be a candidate prognostic marker of HCC. Depletion of FOXJ2 caused the promotion of HCC cell proliferation, implicating that FOXJ2 may serve an inhibitory role in the regulation of HCC cell proliferation.
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, The Third People's Hospital of Liaocheng, Liaocheng, Shandong 252000, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Zhongbao
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases, Tai'an Center Hospital, Tai'an, Shandong 271000, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Guangju
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Meng
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, The Third People's Hospital of Liaocheng, Liaocheng, Shandong 252000, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Liang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, The Third People's Hospital of Liaocheng, Liaocheng, Shandong 252000, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Yingying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, The Third People's Hospital of Liaocheng, Liaocheng, Shandong 252000, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Zhongzheng
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Guan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000401:mortality*; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D015536:Down-Regulation; D005260:Female; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D015870:Gene Expression; D055785:Gene Knockdown Techniques; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen / Q000378:metabolism; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000401:mortality*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D060787:Neoplasm Grading; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011379:Prognosis; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D047368:Tumor Burden
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; C408469:FOXJ2 protein, human; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen