title: Cross-cultural evidence for the two-facet structure of pride.
abstract: Across six studies conducted in Mainland China and South Korea, the present research extended prior findings showing that pride is comprised of two distinct conceptual and experiential facets in the U.S.: a pro-social, achievement-oriented "authentic pride", and an arrogant, self-aggrandizing "hubristic pride". This same two-facet structure emerged in Chinese participants' semantic conceptualizations of pride (Study 1), Chinese and Koreans' dispositional tendencies to experience pride (Studies 2, 3a, and 3b), Chinese and Koreans' momentary pride experiences (Studies 3a, 3b, and 5), and Americans' pride experiences using descriptors derived indigenously in Korea (Study 4). Together, these studies provide the first evidence that the two-facet structure of pride generalizes to cultures with highly divergent views of pride and self-enhancement processes from North America.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (MOE), Southwest University, Chongqing, China; Faculty of Psychological Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, China; Center for Mental Health Services, The Ninth People's Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing, China.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis, USA.
authors.forename: Joanne M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology and Social Behavior, University of California, Irvine, USA.
authors.forename: Joey T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
authors.forename: Jessica L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Tracy
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis, USA.
authors.forename: Richard W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Robins
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (MOE), Southwest University, Chongqing, China; Faculty of Psychological Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.
authors.forename: Xiao
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (MOE), Southwest University, Chongqing, China; Faculty of Psychological Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zheng
keywords: Authentic pride; Causal attributions; Cultural psychology; Hubristic pride; Self-conscious emotions