title: Experimental infection of T4 Acanthamoeba genotype determines the pathogenic potential.
abstract: T4 is the Acanthamoeba genotype most related to cases of granulomatous amoebic encephalitis (GAE) in immunocompromised patients and of keratitis in contact lens wearers. The determination of the pathogenic potential of Acanthamoeba clinical and environmental isolates using experimental models is extremely important to elucidate the capacity of free-living organisms to establish and cause disease in hosts. The aim of this study was to compare and evaluate the histopathology and culture between two different routes of experimental infection of T4 Acanthamoeba isolated from environmental and clinical source in mice (intracranial and intraperitoneal). Swiss isogenic healthy mice were inoculated with 10(4) trophozoites by intracranial (IC) and intraperitoneal (IP) routes and observed during 21 days. The brains from animals inoculated by the IC route were collected and from the animals of the IP inoculation group, the brains, livers, kidneys, spleens, and lungs were removed. The organs were prepared and appropriately divided to be evaluated with histopathology and culture. There was no significant difference between the inoculation routes in terms of isolates recovery (χ(2) = 0.09; p = 0.76). In the IC group, isolate recovery rate was significantly higher in histopathology than the one achieved by culture (χ(2) = 6.45; p < 0.01). Experimental infection revealed that all isolates inoculated could be considered invasive because it was possible to recover evolutive forms of Acanthamoeba in both routes. This work represents the first in vivo pathogenicity assay of primary isolation source in Central region of Brazil showing in vivo pathogenicity and hematogenous spread capacity of these protozoa, improving the knowledge on free-living amoebae isolates.
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública (IPTSP), Universidade Federal de Goiás, Rua 235, s/n, Setor Universitário, Goiânia, GO, 74650-050, Brazil. alveslm@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Daniella de Sousa Mendes Moreira
authors.initials: Dde S
authors.lastname: Alves
authors.affiliation: Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Biociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Brasília-UnB, Brasília, Brazil.
authors.forename: Aline Silva
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Moraes
authors.affiliation: Secretaria de Saúde do Estado de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil.
authors.forename: Luciano Moreira
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Alves
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Parasitologia Médica e Biologia de Vetores, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Brasília-UnB, Brasília, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rodrigo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gurgel-Gonçalves
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública (IPTSP), Universidade Federal de Goiás, Rua 235, s/n, Setor Universitário, Goiânia, GO, 74650-050, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ruy de Souza
authors.initials: Rde S
authors.lastname: Lino Junior
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Parasitologia Médica e Biologia de Vetores, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Brasília-UnB, Brasília, Brazil.
authors.forename: César Augusto
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Cuba-Cuba
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública (IPTSP), Universidade Federal de Goiás, Rua 235, s/n, Setor Universitário, Goiânia, GO, 74650-050, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marina Clare
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Vinaud
mesh_terms: D000048:Acanthamoeba / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics* / Q000472:pathogenicity* / Q000502:physiology; D015823:Acanthamoeba Keratitis / Q000469:parasitology; D000562:Amebiasis / Q000469:parasitology* / Q000473:pathology; D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000469:parasitology; D001938:Brazil; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D007634:Keratitis / Q000469:parasitology* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D053058:Trophozoites / Q000502:physiology; D014774:Virulence
keywords: Acanthamoeba; Experimental infection; Intracranial; Intraperitoneal; T4