title: The impact of growth promoters on muscle growth and the potential consequences for meat quality.
abstract: To meet the demands of increased global meat consumption, animal production systems will have to become more efficient, or at least maintain the current efficiency utilizing feed ingredients that are not also used for human consumption. Use of growth promoters is a potential option for increasing production animal feed efficiency and increased muscle growth. The objective of this manuscript is to describe the mechanisms by which the growth promoters, beta-adrenergic agonists and growth hormone, mediate their effects, with specific consideration of the aspects which have implications for meat quality.
authors.affiliation: Division of Nutritional Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, University of Nottingham, Loughborough, Leics LE12 5RD, UK. Electronic address: tim.parr@nottingham.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Tim
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Parr
authors.affiliation: Botswana College of Agriculture, Gaborone, Botswana.
authors.forename: Molebeledi H D
authors.initials: MHD
authors.lastname: Mareko
authors.affiliation: Division of Nutritional Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, University of Nottingham, Loughborough, Leics LE12 5RD, UK.
authors.forename: Kevin J P
authors.initials: KJP
authors.lastname: Ryan
authors.affiliation: College of Life and Natural Sciences, Department of Natural Sciences, University of Derby, Derby DE22 1GB, UK.
authors.forename: Krystal M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Hemmings
authors.affiliation: Division of Nutritional Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, University of Nottingham, Loughborough, Leics LE12 5RD, UK.
authors.forename: David M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.affiliation: Division of Nutritional Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, University of Nottingham, Loughborough, Leics LE12 5RD, UK.
authors.forename: John M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Brameld
mesh_terms: D000318:Adrenergic beta-Agonists / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000821:Animal Feed / Q000032:analysis; D000818:Animals; D004032:Diet / Q000662:veterinary; D063427:Food Quality; D013006:Growth Hormone / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008460:Meat / Q000032:analysis*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development*; D059748:Proteolysis / Q000187:drug effects; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D000318:Adrenergic beta-Agonists; D013006:Growth Hormone
keywords: Growth promoters; Meat quality; Muscle; Proteolysis