title: Formulation design, preparation and characterization of multifunctional alginate stabilized nanodroplets.
abstract: In the present study the effect of process (homogenization speed) and formulation (polymer-alginate-concentration, surfactant concentration, drug amount, perfluorohexane volume fraction and co-surfactant inclusion) variables on particle size, entrapment efficiency, and drug release kinetics of doxorubicin-loaded alginate stabilized perfluorohexane nanodroplets were evaluated. Particle size and doxorubicin entrapment efficiency were highly affected by formulation and process variables. Increase in homogenization speed resulted in significant decrease in particle size and increase in entrapment efficiency. Polymer concentration and perfluorohexane amount both had similar effect on particle size. Particle size increased by an increase in the amount of both. Entrapment efficiency increased by increasing polymer concentration. In case of surfactant concentration and drug amount, particle size and entrapment efficiency had optimum values and an increase in concentration of both of them behind a certain limit resulted in increase in particle size and decrease in doxorubicin entrapment. In vitro release profile of doxorubicin was an apparently biphasic release process and 7%-13% of drug released after 24h incubation in PBS, pH=7.4, depending on the nanodroplets composition but ultrasound exposure for 10min resulted in triggered release of 85.95% of doxorubicin from optimal formulation (formulation E1 with 39.2nm diameter size and 92.2% entrapment efficiency).
authors.affiliation: Biomaterials Group, Faculty of Biomedical Engineering (Center of Excellence), Amirkabir University oTechnology, Tehran, Iran. Electronic address: f.baghbani@aut.ac.ir.
authors.forename: Fatemeh
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Baghbani
authors.affiliation: Biomaterials Group, Faculty of Biomedical Engineering (Center of Excellence), Amirkabir University oTechnology, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Fathollah
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Moztarzadeh
authors.affiliation: Department of Metallurgy, Faculty of Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Jamshid Aghazadeh
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Mohandesi
authors.affiliation: Faculty of New Science and Technologies, Tehran University, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Fatemeh
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Yazdian
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Manijhe
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mokhtari-Dizaji
authors.affiliation: Department of cellulose and Paper Technology, Faculty of New Technologies and Energy Engineering, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Sepideh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hamedi
mesh_terms: D000464:Alginates / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D004317:Doxorubicin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry*; D004337:Drug Carriers; D020723:Glucuronic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry; D006603:Hexuronic Acids / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry*; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*; D010316:Particle Size; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry; D013501:Surface-Active Agents / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000464:Alginates; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D004337:Drug Carriers; D006603:Hexuronic Acids; D011108:Polymers; D013501:Surface-Active Agents; D004317:Doxorubicin; D020723:Glucuronic Acid
keywords: Alginate; Doxorubicin; Nanodroplets