title: Polymorphisms in the nuclear factor kappa B gene association with recurrent embryo implantation failure.
abstract: Despite more than a century of intensive study, the mechanisms of successful pregnancy remain unclear. Recent research suggests that NF-κB (nuclear factor kappa B) plays an important role in embryo implantation. In the current study, we aimed to identify SNPs that contribute to genetic susceptibility for recurrent implantation failure (RIF). Thus, we examined the potential associations between RIF and ten SNPs (rs28362491, rs3774932, rs1598856, rs230528, rs230521, rs3774956, rs4648055, rs3774964, rs4648068, and rs3774968) of the NF-κB gene. Participants included 209 patients with RIF and 395 controls. Our results revealed that there were statistically significant differences observed in the allelic and genotypic frequencies of the rs28362491 promoter in the NF-κB gene. The frequency of the del/ del genotype was significantly higher in RIF patients than in healthy controls (P = 0.004). Compared with healthy controls, the RIF patients carried a higher frequency of the rs28362491 del allele (P = 0.010). Furthermore, strong linkage disequilibrium was observed in the three identified haplotype blocks (D' > 0.9). Particularly, in block 1 (rs230528-rs230521), the A-C haplotype occurred significantly more frequently (P = 0.029) in subjects with RIF (P = 0.0003). In contrast, the A-G haplotype occurred significantly less frequently (P = 0.008) in RIF subjects. These findings support an important role for G-712A polymorphisms of NF-κB in RIF, and may guide future studies that aim to characterize genetic risk factors for RIF.
authors.affiliation: The Reproductive Medical Center of the Fourth Hospital of Xi'an, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Fourth Hospital of Xi'an, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
authors.forename: D H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Fourth Hospital of Xi'an, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
authors.forename: X P
authors.initials: XP
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Fourth Hospital of Xi'an, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: The Reproductive Medical Center of the Fourth Hospital of Xi'an, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
authors.forename: C F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Hospital of Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of Ultrasound, the Second Hospital of Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
authors.forename: Y H
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Qi
authors.affiliation: The Reproductive Medical Center of the Fourth Hospital of Xi'an, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhao
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D010064:Embryo Implantation / Q000235:genetics*; D004624:Embryo Transfer / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D006239:Haplotypes; D006801:Humans; D015810:Linkage Disequilibrium; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000235:genetics*; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D011247:Pregnancy
chemical_list: D016328:NF-kappa B