title: Immune response of turkey poults exposed at 1 day of age to either attenuated or wild Salmonella strains.
abstract: Salmonellosis is a foodborne zoonosis that is most often acquired by consuming poultry products such as eggs and poultry meat. Amongst other measures the vaccination of food-producing poultry is thought to contribute to a reduction in human salmonellosis. In the European Union (EU) in 2014 the licence of a commercially available Salmonella vaccine for chickens and ducks was extended to turkeys. In the present study, we examined the course of infection with a virulent Salmonella enterica ssp. enterica serovar Enteritidis (SE) strain, a virulent S. enterica ssp. enterica serovar Typhimurium (ST) strain, and the respective live vaccine containing attenuated strains of both serovars in turkey poults. Besides collecting microbiological data and detecting invading Salmonella in the caecal mucosa via immunohistochemistry, we also assessed immune reactions in terms of antibody production, influx of CD4-, CD8α- and CD28-positive cells into the caecal mucosa and the expression of four different immune-related proteins. We found that the attenuated strains were able to invade the caecum, but to a lower degree and for a shorter duration of time compared to virulent strains. Infections with virulent Salmonellae also caused an increase in CD4-, CD8α- and CD28-positive cells in the caecal mucosa and an increased transcription of iNOS, IL-8-like chemokines, and IFN-γ. In poults treated with attenuated bacteria we could not detect any evidence of immune responses. In conclusion, the vaccine showed a lower degree of caecal invasion and induced weaker immune reactions compared to the virulent Salmonella strains in turkeys. The efficiency of the vaccine has to be verified in future studies.
authors.affiliation: Clinic for Poultry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bünteweg 17, Hannover, Germany. Electronic address: Martina.Hesse@tiho-hannover.de.
authors.forename: Martina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hesse
authors.affiliation: Clinic for Poultry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bünteweg 17, Hannover, Germany.
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Stamm
authors.affiliation: Clinic for Poultry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bünteweg 17, Hannover, Germany.
authors.forename: Rita
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Weber
authors.affiliation: Clinic for Poultry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bünteweg 17, Hannover, Germany.
authors.forename: Gerhard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Glünder
authors.affiliation: Institute of Molecular Pathogenesis, 'Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut' (Federal Research Institute for Animal Health), Naumbruger Straße 96a, Jena, Germany.
authors.forename: Angela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Berndt
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial / Q000096:biosynthesis; D002432:Cecum / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D011201:Poultry Diseases / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D012478:Salmonella Food Poisoning / Q000517:prevention & control; D012481:Salmonella Infections, Animal / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D022562:Salmonella Vaccines / Q000276:immunology* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012477:Salmonella enteritidis / Q000276:immunology / Q000472:pathogenicity; D012486:Salmonella typhimurium / Q000276:immunology / Q000472:pathogenicity; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D014422:Turkeys / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology*; D014613:Vaccines, Attenuated / Q000276:immunology / Q000494:pharmacology; D014774:Virulence / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial; D022562:Salmonella Vaccines; D014613:Vaccines, Attenuated
keywords: Immune response; Immunisation; Turkey