title: A European multicentre survey of impulse control behaviours in Parkinson's disease patients treated with short- and long-acting dopamine agonists.
abstract: Impulse control disorders (ICDs) in Parkinson's disease (PD) are associated primarily with dopamine agonist (DA) use. Comparative surveys of clinical occurrence of impulse control behaviours on longer acting/transdermal DA therapy across age ranges are lacking. The aim of this study was to assess the occurrence of ICDs in PD patients across several European centres treated with short- or long-acting [ropinirole (ROP); pramipexole (PPX)] and transdermal [rotigotine skin patch (RTG)] DAs, based on clinical survey as part of routine clinical care.
  
  
  
  A survey based on medical records and clinical interviews of patients initiating or initiated on DA treatment (both short- and long-acting, and transdermal) across a broad range of disease stages and age groups was performed.
  
  
  
  Four hundred and twenty-five cases were included [mean age 68.3 years (range 37-90), mean duration of disease 7.5 years (range 0-37)]. ICD frequencies (as assessed by clinical interview) were significantly lower with RTG (4.9%; P < 0.05) compared with any other assessed DAs except for prolonged release PPX (PPX-PR). The rate of ICDs for PPX-PR (6.6%) was significantly lower than for immediate release PPX (PPX-IR) (19.0%; P < 0.05). Discontinuation rates of DA therapy due to ICDs were low.
  
  
  
  Our data suggest a relatively low rate of ICDs with long-acting or transdermal DAs, however these preliminary observational data need to be confirmed with prospective studies controlling for possible confounding factors.
authors.affiliation: King's College Hospital, London, UK.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rizos
authors.affiliation: King's College Hospital, London, UK.|King's College London, London, UK.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sauerbier
authors.affiliation: Parkinson and Movement Disorders Unit, IRCCS Hospital San Camillo, Venice and University of Padua, Padua, Italy.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Antonini
authors.affiliation: Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Weintraub
authors.affiliation: National Center of Epidemiology and CIBERNED, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Martinez-Martin
authors.affiliation: King's College Hospital, Princess Royal University Hospital site, Orpington, UK.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kessel
authors.affiliation: University Hospital of Bispebjerg, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Henriksen
authors.affiliation: County Emergency Clinic Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Transilvania University Brasov, Brasov, Romania.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Falup-Pecurariu
authors.affiliation: Greater Manchester Neuroscience Centre, Manchester, UK.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Silverdale
authors.affiliation: King's College Hospital, London, UK.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Durner
authors.affiliation: King's College Hospital, London, UK.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Røkenes Karlsen
authors.affiliation: King's College Hospital, London, UK.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Grilo
authors.affiliation: University of Lund, Lund, Sweden.|University Hospital Reinkenheide, Bremerhaven, Germany.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Odin
authors.affiliation: King's College Hospital, London, UK.|King's College London, London, UK.|University Hospital Lewisham, London, UK.
authors.forename: K Ray
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Chaudhuri
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D052160:Benzothiazoles / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007174:Disruptive, Impulse Control, and Conduct Disorders / Q000150:complications*; D018491:Dopamine Agonists / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D007211:Indoles / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy; D000077487:Pramipexole; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D052160:Benzothiazoles; D018491:Dopamine Agonists; D007211:Indoles; C046649:ropinirole; D000077487:Pramipexole
keywords: Parkinson's disease; dopamine agonists; dopamine dysregulation syndrome; impulse control behaviours/disorders