title: Impact of Wild Loci on the Allergenic Potential of Cultivated Tomato Fruits.
abstract: Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is one of the most extensively consumed vegetables but, unfortunately, it is also able to induce allergic reactions. In the past, it has been shown that the choice of tomato cultivar significantly influenced the allergic reaction of tomato allergic subjects. In this study we investigated the allergenic potential of the cultivated tomato line M82 and of two selected lines carrying small chromosome regions from the wild species Solanum pennellii (i.e. IL7-3 and IL12-4). We evaluated the positive interactions of IgEs of allergic subjects in order to investigate the different allergenic potential of the lines under investigation. We used proteomic analyses in order to identify putative tomato allergens. In addition, bioinformatic and transcriptomic approaches were applied in order to analyse the structure and the expression profiles of the identified allergen-encoding genes. These analyses demonstrated that fruits harvested from the two selected introgression lines harbour a different allergenic potential as those from the cultivated genotype M82. The different allergenicity found within the three lines was mostly due to differences in the IgE recognition of a polygalacturonase enzyme (46 kDa), one of the major tomato allergens, and of a pectin methylesterase (34 kDa); both the proteins were more immunoreactive in IL7-3 compared to IL12-4 and M82. The observed differences in the allergenic potential were mostly due to line-dependent translational control or post-translational modifications of the allergens. We demonstrated, for the first time, that the introgression from a wild species (S. pennellii) in the genomic background of a cultivated tomato line influences the allergenic properties of the fruits. Our findings could support the isolation of favorable wild loci promoting low allergenic potential in tomato.
authors.affiliation: Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Alessandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ghiani
authors.affiliation: Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria - Centro di ricerca per l'orticoltura, Pontecagnano Faiano, Italy.
authors.forename: Nunzio
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: D'Agostino
authors.affiliation: Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Citterio
authors.affiliation: Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Portici, Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Assunta
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Raiola
authors.affiliation: Allergy Unit, Clinica San Carlo, Paderno Dugnano, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Riccardo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Asero
authors.affiliation: Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Portici, Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Amalia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Barone
authors.affiliation: Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Portici, Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Maria Manuela
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Rigano
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000485:Allergens / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D052179:Antigens, Plant / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D005260:Female; D005512:Food Hypersensitivity / Q000276:immunology; D015870:Gene Expression; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D056726:Genetic Association Studies; D006031:Glycosylation; D006801:Humans; D007073:Immunoglobulin E / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology; D018551:Solanum lycopersicum / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D020543:Proteome; D040901:Proteomics / Q000379:methods; D040641:Quantitative Trait Loci; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000485:Allergens; D052179:Antigens, Plant; D020543:Proteome; D007073:Immunoglobulin E