title: Dimethylsulfoniopropionate Promotes Process Outgrowth in Neural Cells and Exerts Protective Effects against Tropodithietic Acid.
abstract: The marine environment harbors a plethora of bioactive substances, including drug candidates of potential value in the field of neuroscience. The present study was undertaken to investigate the effects of dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP), produced by several algae, corals and higher plants, on cells of the mammalian nervous system, i.e., neuronal N2a and OLN-93 cells as model system for nerve cells and glia, respectively. Additionally, the protective capabilities of DMSP were assessed in cells treated with tropodithietic acid (TDA), a marine metabolite produced by several Roseobacter clade bacteria. Both cell lines, N2a and OLN-93, have previously been shown to be a sensitive target for the action of TDA, and cytotoxic effects of TDA have been connected to the induction of oxidative stress. Our data shows that DMSP promotes process outgrowth and microtubule reorganization and bundling, accompanied by an increase in alpha-tubulin acetylation. Furthermore, DMSP was able to prevent the cytotoxic effects exerted by TDA, including the breakdown of the mitochondrial membrane potential, upregulation of heat shock protein Hsp32 and activation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2). Our study points to the conclusion that DMSP provides an antioxidant defense, not only in algae but also in mammalian neural cells.
authors.affiliation: Aquatic Microbial Ecology Group, Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg 26129, Germany. heidi.wichmann@uni-oldenburg.de.
authors.forename: Heidi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wichmann
authors.affiliation: Aquatic Microbial Ecology Group, Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg 26129, Germany. thorsten.brinkhoff@icbm.de.
authors.forename: Thorsten
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Brinkhoff
authors.affiliation: Aquatic Microbial Ecology Group, Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg 26129, Germany. meinhard.simon@icbm.de.
authors.forename: Meinhard
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Simon
authors.affiliation: Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Neurosciences, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg 26111, Germany. christiane.richter.landsberg@uni-oldenburg.de.
authors.forename: Christiane
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Richter-Landsberg
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D053078:Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial / Q000187:drug effects; D051379:Mice; D008870:Microtubules / Q000187:drug effects; D009457:Neuroglia / Q000187:drug effects; D009474:Neurons / Q000187:drug effects*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D020011:Protective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D041904:Roseobacter / Q000378:metabolism; D013452:Sulfonium Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014334:Tropolone / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D014404:Tubulin / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D020011:Protective Agents; D013452:Sulfonium Compounds; D014404:Tubulin; C527336:tropodithietic acid; D014334:Tropolone; C068078:dimethylpropiothetin; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases
keywords: Roseobacter clade bacteria; dimethylsulfoniopropionate; nerve cells; neuroprotection; oligodendrocytes; process outgrowth; tropodithietic acid