title: Reliability of the universal goniometer for assessing active cervical range of motion in asymptomatic healthy persons.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine within-rater and between-rater reliability of the universal goniometer (UG) for measuring active cervical range of motion (ACROM) in asymptomatic healthy subjects.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nineteen healthy subjects were tested in an identical seated position. Two raters used UG to measure active cervical movements of flexion, extension, right side flexion, left side flexion, right rotation and left rotation. Each motion was measured twice by each of the two raters and was re-measured all over again after one week. Data analysis was performed using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results demonstrated excellent within-session (ICC2,1 = 0.83 to 0.98) and between-session (ICC2,2 = 0.79 to 0.97) intra-rater reliability and excellent inter-rater reliability (ICC2,2 = 0.79 to 0.92).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Considering above results it is concluded that UG is a reliable tool for assessing ACROM in a clinical setting for healthy subjects.
authors.affiliation: Muhammad Nazim Farooq, PhD Student. University Institute of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, University of Lahore, Lahore. Margalla Institute of Health Sciences Rawalpindi, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Muhammad Nazim
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Farooq
authors.affiliation: Prof. Dr. Mohammad A. Mohseni Bandpei, PhD. Visiting Professor, University Institute of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan. Iranian Research Centre on Aging, Department of Physiotherapy, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Evin, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammad A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Mohseni Bandpei
authors.affiliation: Mudassar Ali, PP-DPT. Margalla Institute of Health Sciences, Rawalpindi, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Mudassar
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ali
authors.affiliation: Ghazanfar Ali Khan, MS-OMPT. Margalla Institute of Health Sciences, Rawalpindi, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Ghazanfar Ali
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Khan
keywords: Neck; Range of motion; Reliability; Universal goniometry