title: [Investigation of Color Vision Using Pigment Color Plates and a Tablet PC].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Many applications (apps) for ophthalmic solutions, including colour vision tests, are currently available. However, no colour vision test app has been evaluated through clinical trials on a tablet PC.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using standard test conditions and a tablet pc (iPad2®), colour vision tests were performed with 19 Velhagen/Broschmann/Kuchenbecker colour plates and an HMC anomaloscope. The plates were alternately presented at first in a book (pigment colour plates) and then in a tablet PC (iPad®). A total of 77 volunteer subjects were examined. 62 subjects were colour normal and 15 male subjects had a colour vision deficiency. The coincidence and the 95 % confidence intervals were determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The average age of all subjects (n = 77) was 42.8 ± 16.9 years. The mean near visual acuity of all subjects was 0.99 ± 0.15. The coincidence of the results of all subjects between books and tablet PC was 88.0 %. The 95 % confidence interval ranged from 81.6 to 89.6 %. In the group of subjects with colour vision deficiency (n = 15), the coincidence was 83.3 %. The 95 % confidence interval ranged from 78.4 to 87.3 %. In the group of subjects without colour vision deficiency (n = 62), the coincidence was 89.1 %. The 95 % confidence interval ranged from 87.1 to 90.8 %. The overlap of error numbers of colour normal subjects and colour vision deficiency subjects was 2 errors with the book and 5 errors with the tablet pc.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Testing colour vision using book and tablet pc only gives roughly comparable results. However, separation with the book was better and the colour plates differed in validity. For this reason, only some of the colour plates could be used on a tablet PC.
authors.affiliation: Augenklinik, Helios Klinikum Berlin-Buch.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Tsimpri
authors.affiliation: Augenklinik, Helios Klinikum Berlin-Buch.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kuchenbecker
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000465:Algorithms; D003119:Color Perception Tests / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D055253:Color Vision; D003117:Color Vision Defects / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D003124:Colorimetry / Q000379:methods; D034201:Computers, Handheld; D003936:Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D063731:Mobile Applications; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014584:User-Computer Interface