title: Comparison of ondansetron and granisetron for antiemetic prophylaxis in maxillofacial surgery patients receiving general anesthesia: a prospective, randomised, and double blind study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the efficacy of intravenous ondansetron (4 mg, 2 mL) and granisetron (2 mg, 2 mL) for preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) in patients during oral and maxillofacial surgical procedures under general anesthesia.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective, randomized, and double blind clinical study was carried out with 60 patients undergoing oral and maxillofacial surgical procedures under general anesthesia. Patients were divided into two groups of 30 individuals each. Approximately two minutes before induction of general anesthesia, each patient received either 4 mg (2 mL) ondansetron or 2 mg (2 mL) granisetron intravenously in a double blind manner. Balanced anesthetic technique was used for all patients. Patients were assessed for episodes of nausea, retching, vomiting, and the need for rescue antiemetic at intervals of 0-2, 3, 6, 12, and 24 hours after surgery. Incidence of complete response and adverse effects were assessed at 24 hours postoperatively. Data was tabulated and subjected to statistical analysis using the chi-square test, unpaired t-test, or the Mann-Whitney U-test as appropriate. A P-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups for incidence of PONV or the need for rescue antiemetic. Both study drugs were well tolerated with minimum adverse effects; the most common adverse effect was headache. The overall incidence of complete response in the granisetron group (86.7%) was significantly higher than the ondansetron group (60.0%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Granisetron at an intravenous dose of 2 mg was found to be safe, well tolerated, and more effective by increasing the incidence of complete response compared to 4 mg intravenous ondansetron when used for antiemetic prophylaxis in maxillofacial surgery patients receiving general anesthesia. Benefits of granisetron include high receptor specificity and high potency, which make it a valuable alternative to ondansetron.
authors.affiliation: Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Private Practitioner, Bengaluru, India.
authors.forename: Kiran
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-0867-5523
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Savant
authors.affiliation: Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Richardsons Dental and Craniofacial Hospital, Nagercoil, India.
authors.forename: Rakshit Vijay Sinai
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-0809-792X
authors.initials: RV
authors.lastname: Khandeparker
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences (PGIMS), Rohtak, India.
authors.forename: Vikas
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-7121-1986
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Berwal
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospicio Hospital, Margao, India.
authors.forename: Purva Vijay
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-7789-3773
authors.initials: PV
authors.lastname: Khandeparker
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Yogitha Dental College, Ratnagiri, India.
authors.forename: Hunny
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-4206-3902
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jain
keywords: Anesthesia; General; Granisetron; Ondansetron; Postoperative nausea and vomiting