title: Abiotic stress of ambient cold temperature regulates the host receptivity to pathogens by cell surfaced sialic acids.
abstract: Ambient cold temperature, as an abiotic stress, regulates the survival, stability, transmission, and infection of pathogens. However, the effect of cold temperature on the host receptivity to the pathogens has not been fully studied. In this study, the expression of terminal α-2,3- and α-2,6-sialic acids were increased in murine lung tissues, especially bronchial epithelium, by exposure to cold condition. The expression of several sialyltransferases were also increased by exposure to cold temperature. Furthermore, in human bronchial epithelial BEAS-2B cells, the expressions of α-2,3- and α-2,6-sialic acids, and mRNA levels of sialyltransferases were increased in the low temperature condition at 33 °C. On the other hand, the treatment of Lith-Gly, a sialyltransferase inhibitor, blocked the cold-induced expression of sialic acids on surface of BEAS-2B cells. The binding of influenza H1N1 hemagglutinin (HA) toward BEAS-2B cells cultured at low temperature condition was increased, compared to 37 °C. In contrast, the cold-increased HA binding was blocked by treatment of lithocholicglycine and sialyl-N-acetyl-D-lactosamines harboring α-2,3- and α-2,6-sialyl motive. These results suggest that the host receptivity to virus at cold temperature results from the expressions of α-2,3- and α-2,6-sialic acids through the regulation of sialyltransferase expression.
authors.affiliation: School of Korean Medicine and Korean Medicine Research Center for Healthy Aging, Pusan National University, Yangsan, 50612, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Seong-Cheol
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Moon
authors.affiliation: School of Korean Medicine and Korean Medicine Research Center for Healthy Aging, Pusan National University, Yangsan, 50612, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Su-Yeon
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Joo
authors.affiliation: School of Korean Medicine and Korean Medicine Research Center for Healthy Aging, Pusan National University, Yangsan, 50612, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Tae-Wook
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.affiliation: School of Korean Medicine and Korean Medicine Research Center for Healthy Aging, Pusan National University, Yangsan, 50612, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hee-Jung
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: School of Korean Medicine and Korean Medicine Research Center for Healthy Aging, Pusan National University, Yangsan, 50612, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Mi-Ju
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: School of Korean Medicine and Korean Medicine Research Center for Healthy Aging, Pusan National University, Yangsan, 50612, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hee-Jin
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Sung-Jin
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Bae
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Pathology, TaeKyeung University, Gyeongsan, 38547, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Keuk-Jun
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Kyunggi-do 16419, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Cheorl-Ho
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: School of Korean Medicine and Korean Medicine Research Center for Healthy Aging, Pusan National University, Yangsan, 50612, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Myungsoo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Joo
authors.affiliation: School of Korean Medicine and Korean Medicine Research Center for Healthy Aging, Pusan National University, Yangsan, 50612, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: hagis@pusan.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Ki-Tae
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Ha
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D003080:Cold Temperature; D019267:Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D053118:Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype / Q000378:metabolism*; D007251:Influenza, Human / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008168:Lung / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology*; D008297:Male; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009976:Orthomyxoviridae Infections / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D011485:Protein Binding; D012794:Sialic Acids / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D013312:Stress, Physiological
chemical_list: C543345:H1N1 virus hemagglutinin; D019267:Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus; D012794:Sialic Acids
keywords: Cold temperature; Hemagglutinin; Receptivity; Sialic acid; Sialyltransferase; Virus