title: Nocturia indicates a poor health status and increases mortality in male patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the association between nocturia and erectile dysfunction, androgen deficiency, overactive bladder and systemic diseases in men with type 2 diabetic mellitus.
  
  
  METHODS
  A self-administered questionnaire containing overactive bladder symptom score and sexual health inventory for men was obtained from subjects with type 2 diabetic mellitus. Nocturia and severe nocturia were defined as rising ≥2 or ≥3 per night to void, respectively. Patient characteristics and diabetes-related complications to risk of nocturia were evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 632 consecutive subjects, 56.0 and 24.2 % reported having nocturia and severe nocturia, respectively. After adjustment of age, diabetic mellitus duration, and overactive bladder, the presence of erectile dysfunction, stroke, hypertension, and higher serum creatinine level was associated with nocturia and severe nocturia. The patients with the lowest quartile of testosterone level (2.21 ± 0.51 ng/mL) had higher prevalence of nocturia (65.1 %) and severe nocturia (32.9 %) than the sum of the other three quartiles. The patients with severe nocturia had threefold higher mortality than the other group after 3.5-year follow-up.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The presence of nocturia was associated with erectile dysfunction, systemic vascular events, higher mortality, and indicated poor health in male with type 2 diabetic mellitus.
authors.affiliation: Division of Urology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical Center, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, #123 Ta-Pei Road, Niao-Sung Hsiang, Kaohsiung Hsien, 833, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Hui-Ying
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Division of Metabolism, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical Center, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Min-Shen
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.affiliation: Division of Urology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical Center, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, #123 Ta-Pei Road, Niao-Sung Hsiang, Kaohsiung Hsien, 833, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Hung-Jen
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Division of Metabolism, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical Center, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Rue-Tsuan
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Division of Urology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical Center, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, #123 Ta-Pei Road, Niao-Sung Hsiang, Kaohsiung Hsien, 833, Taiwan. chuang82@ms26.hinet.net.
authors.forename: Yao-Chi
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Chuang
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D015897:Comorbidity; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D007172:Erectile Dysfunction / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006304:Health Status; D006305:Health Status Indicators; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D053158:Nocturia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016017:Odds Ratio; D015995:Prevalence; D011788:Quality of Life; D012307:Risk Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D016019:Survival Analysis; D013624:Taiwan
keywords: Diabetes; Erectile dysfunction; Mortality rate; Nocturia; Testosterone