title: A Specific Angiographic View of Left Coronary Artery Bifurcation in the Left Main Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Era.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We propose a right lateral (90-120° RAO) with 30° cranial angiographic view to expose the bifurcation of the left main coronary artery (LMCA) when previously used routine projections were inefficient at clearly showing this region.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Little has been published in the medical literature regarding angiographic projections dedicated to special anatomies.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 84 patients were subjected to the proposed projections. A reproducibility study, conducted with the participation of 2 independent observers, judged the effectiveness of the proposed projection. The Prevalence and Bias Adjusted Kappa (PABAK) index, with a 95% confidence interval (CI), was used to demonstrate the intensity of intra/inter-observer agreement.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The proposed projection was efficient in 79% of the angiograms, with agreement of 0.76 (0.6-0.9; P ≤ 0.001). The origins and the proximal segments of: the anterior descending coronary artery were exposed in 89% of the angiograms, agreement of 0.86 (0.7-1.0; P ≤ 0.001); the circumflex artery were exposed in 83% of the angiograms, with agreement of 0.72 (0.5-1.0; P ≤ 0.001); and the intermediate branch, when present, were exposed in 89% of the angiograms, agreement of 0.79 (0.6-1.0; P ≤ 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The right lateral (90-120° RAO) with 30° cranial projection is effective, safe, and reproducible. In special situations where routine projections fail, this proposed projection can reveal important details of the anatomy of the bifurcation of the LMCA during conventional coronary angiography or be the working projection during coronary angioplasty. (J Interven Cardiol 2016;29:293-299).
authors.affiliation: Federal University of Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil.|Triangulo Mineiro Heart Institute, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
authors.forename: Samir S A
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Reis
authors.affiliation: Triangulo Mineiro Heart Institute, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
authors.forename: Roberto V
authors.initials: RV
authors.lastname: Botelho
authors.affiliation: Dante Pazzanese Institute of Cardiology, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Alexandre
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Abizaid
authors.affiliation: Triangulo Mineiro Heart Institute, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
authors.forename: Antônio D S
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Pereira
authors.affiliation: Triangulo Mineiro Heart Institute, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rodrigo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Alves
authors.affiliation: Federal University of Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil.|Triangulo Mineiro Heart Institute, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
authors.forename: Denis F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: de Souza
authors.affiliation: Federal University of Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
authors.forename: Sebastião R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Ferreira-Filho
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D017023:Coronary Angiography / Q000379:methods*; D003331:Coronary Vessels / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015588:Observer Variation; D062645:Percutaneous Coronary Intervention / Q000379:methods*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results