title: Fusarium mycotoxin enniatin B: Cytotoxic effects and changes in gene expression profile.
abstract: The mycotoxin enniatin B, a cyclic hexadepsipeptide produced by the plant pathogen Fusarium, is prevalent in grains and grain-based products in different geographical areas. Although enniatins have not been associated with toxic outbreaks, they have caused toxicity in vitro in several cell lines. In this study, the cytotoxic effects of enniatin B were assessed in relation to cellular energy metabolism, cell proliferation, and the induction of apoptosis in Balb 3T3 and HepG2 cells. The mechanism of toxicity was examined by means of whole genome expression profiling of exposed rat primary hepatocytes. Enniatin B altered cellular energy metabolism and reduced cell proliferation in Balb 3T3 and HepG2 cell lines. Furthermore, the proportion of apoptotic cell populations of Balb 3T3 cells slightly increased. On the other hand, enniatin B caused necrotic cell death in primary hepatocytes. Gene expression studies revealed the alteration of energy metabolism due to effects on mitochondrial organization and function and the assembly of complex I of the electron transport chain.
authors.affiliation: Chemistry and Toxicology Research Unit, Finnish Food Safety Authority (Evira), Mustialankatu 3, FI-00790 Helsinki, Finland. Electronic address: mkjonsson@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Martina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jonsson
authors.affiliation: Product Safety Unit, Finnish Food Safety Authority (Evira), Mustialankatu 3, FI-00790 Helsinki.
authors.forename: Marika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jestoi
authors.affiliation: Chemistry and Toxicology Research Unit, Finnish Food Safety Authority (Evira), Mustialankatu 3, FI-00790 Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Minna
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Anthoni
authors.affiliation: Chemistry and Toxicology Research Unit, Finnish Food Safety Authority (Evira), Mustialankatu 3, FI-00790 Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Annikki
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Welling
authors.affiliation: Chemistry and Toxicology Research Unit, Finnish Food Safety Authority (Evira), Mustialankatu 3, FI-00790 Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Iida
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Loivamaa
authors.affiliation: The Finnish Forest Research Institute, Rovaniemi Unit, P.O. Box 16, FI-96301 Rovaniemi, Finland.
authors.forename: Ville
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Hallikainen
authors.affiliation: Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 20, FI-00014, Finland.
authors.forename: Matti
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kankainen
authors.affiliation: Plant Health and Biotechnology, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy, Høyskoleveien 7, NO -1430 Ås, Norway.
authors.forename: Erik
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lysøe
authors.affiliation: Chemistry and Toxicology Research Unit, Finnish Food Safety Authority (Evira), Mustialankatu 3, FI-00790 Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Pertti
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Koivisto
authors.affiliation: Chemistry and Toxicology Research Unit, Finnish Food Safety Authority (Evira), Mustialankatu 3, FI-00790 Helsinki, Finland; Finnish Safety and Chemicals Agency (Tukes), Opastinsilta 12 B, FI-00521 Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Kimmo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Peltonen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D041702:BALB 3T3 Cells; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D047630:Depsipeptides / Q000633:toxicity*; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects; D005670:Fusarium; D056945:Hep G2 Cells; D022781:Hepatocytes / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D009183:Mycotoxins / Q000633:toxicity*; D051381:Rats; D059467:Transcriptome / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D047630:Depsipeptides; D009183:Mycotoxins; C100264:enniatins
keywords: Enniatins; Fusarium; Gene expression; In vitro toxicity; Mycotoxin