title: Oral administration of green plant-derived chemicals and antioxidants alleviates stress-induced cellular oxidative challenge.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study examined the efficacy of the combination antioxidant, Formula 42 (F42), on cellular stress indicators in animal and human models of stress-induced oxidative stress.
  
  
  METHODS
  A sub-chronic psychological stress model in rodents was used to induce stress and oxidative stress indicators over a 10-day period during which animals received oral doses of F42 or water. Following treatment, body weight, plasma stress hormone corticosterone, and oxidative capacity were evaluated. In healthy human subjects, a randomized double-blind crossover study was used to examine the antioxidant effect of F42 or placebo in an exercise-induced oxidative stress model. Erythrocyte and plasma oxidative status was evaluated using the fluorescent activation of 2',7'-dichlorofluorescin (DCF) as an indicator.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Oral administration of F42 reduced the corticosterone response to acute stress compared to vehicle but did not differ at the conclusion of the 10-day study. However, F42 administration did reduce stress-induced growth restriction and alleviate DCF activation in circulating erythrocytes by approximately 10% following 10 days of stress exposure. Oral administration of F42 also significantly reduced DCF activation by approximately 10% in healthy human subjects undergoing exercise-induced oxidative stress.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Oral administration of F42 in rodents produces transient reductions in stress hormones and reduces stress indicators following sub-chronic psychological stress exposure. In humans, F42 acts as an early and potent antioxidant capable of scavenging free radicals within 30 min of ingestion.
authors.forename: Elizabeth A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Beaven
authors.forename: Kay L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Colthorpe
authors.forename: Jereme G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Spiers
authors.forename: Hsiao-Jou Cortina
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Nickolas A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Lavidis
authors.forename: Julie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Albrecht
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003345:Corticosterone / Q000378:metabolism; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000187:drug effects; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D005452:Fluoresceins / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D057948:Viridiplantae / Q000737:chemistry*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D005452:Fluoresceins; D010936:Plant Extracts; C037631:2',7'-dichlorofluorescein; D003345:Corticosterone