title: The truth lies within: the reconstructive value of inner livores in a homicide case.
abstract: Through the widespread use of postmortem computed tomography, inner livores of the lungs have become a frequently observed phenomenon in the field of forensic medicine. Yet their time-dependent development, notably in comparison with the widely studied external livores, remains poorly understood. We present a unique homicide case where the victim was discovered in supine position with correspondent external livores fixed exclusively on the rear side. Yet upon postmortem computed tomography, the victim presented pronounced inner livores within the depending dorsal areas of both lungs but also vertical sedimentation levels solely within the right lung, suggesting an initial right-hand side position and a postmortem re-positioning of the body. Interestingly, this was consistent with tangible hints of postmortem manipulation on-site. It is likely that this repositioning occurred sometime during the early postmortem interval (<6 h) as the external livores have completely rearranged to the final supine position. The presented case suggests different development patterns of inner and outer livores, highlighting the necessity for controlled studies that explore the formation and fixation processes of livor mortis in internal organs. A better understanding of these issues can prove useful in forensic examinations.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Bern, Bühlstrasse 20, 3012, Bern, Switzerland. eva.brencicova@irm.unibe.ch.
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Brenčičová
authors.affiliation: Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Bern, Bühlstrasse 20, 3012, Bern, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Manuela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Baglivo
authors.affiliation: Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Bern, Bühlstrasse 20, 3012, Bern, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Nicole
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Schwendener
authors.affiliation: Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Bern, Bühlstrasse 20, 3012, Bern, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Schyma
authors.affiliation: Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Bern, Bühlstrasse 20, 3012, Bern, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Jackowski
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D006708:Homicide; D006801:Humans; D008168:Lung / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D011180:Postmortem Changes; D016683:Supine Position; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed
keywords: Early postmortem interval; Homicide; Inner livores; Livor mortis; Postmortem imaging