title: Hot flushes and reproductive hormone levels during the menopausal transition.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Evidence suggests that hot flushes are associated with fluctuating levels of oestradiol (E2) during menopause, as well as changes in the levels of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and inhibin B. The relationship between hot flushes and anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) is unknown.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To examine specific hormone levels and ethnic differences in relation to hot flushes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were drawn from 108 women aged 40-59 years. There were three groups of participants: European women in London, UK; Bangladeshi women in Sylhet, Bangladesh; and Bangladeshi women who had migrated to London as adults. Symptom information was collected via questionnaires. Serum blood samples were collected to detect inhibin B, AMH, FSH, and E2.
  
  
  RESULTS
  AMH and FSH were significantly associated with the experience of hot flushes in the past 2 weeks. Inhibin B and E2 were not associated with hot flushes. Body mass index (BMI), ethnicity, and education level were associated with both the occurrence and the frequency hot flushes. Menopausal status was also associated with the frequency of hot flushes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Relationships between AMH, FSH and symptoms are indicative of women's progress through the menopausal transition. The influence of BMI and education suggest that lifestyle changes may contribute to the management of symptoms. This merits further research.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anthropology, Durham University, UK.
authors.forename: Tanveer
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Dhanoya
authors.affiliation: Department of Anthropology, UMass Amherst, USA. Electronic address: leidy@anthro.umass.edu.
authors.forename: Lynnette Leidy
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Sievert
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University College Cork, Ireland.
authors.forename: Shanthi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Muttukrishna
authors.affiliation: Department of Anthropology, University College London, UK.
authors.forename: Khurshida
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Begum
authors.affiliation: Department of Anthropology, University College London, UK.
authors.forename: Taniya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sharmeen
authors.affiliation: Wolfson Research Institute for Health and Wellbeing, Durham Univ., USA.
authors.forename: Adetayo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kasim
authors.affiliation: M.A.G. Osmani Medical College, Sylhet, Bangladesh.
authors.forename: Osul
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Chowdhury
authors.affiliation: Department of Anthropology, Durham University, UK.
authors.forename: Gillian R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Bentley
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D054304:Anti-Mullerian Hormone / Q000097:blood; D044466:Asian People; D001459:Bangladesh / Q000453:epidemiology; D004958:Estradiol / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone / Q000097:blood; D019584:Hot Flashes / Q000097:blood* / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D007265:Inhibins / Q000097:blood; D008131:London / Q000453:epidemiology; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008593:Menopause / Q000097:blood*; D008875:Middle Aged; D044465:White People
chemical_list: C422364:inhibin B; D004958:Estradiol; D007265:Inhibins; D054304:Anti-Mullerian Hormone; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone
keywords: Ethnicity; Hot flashes; Hot flushes; Menopause; Reproductive hormones; Vasomotor symptoms