title: How to Manipulate the Microbiota: Fecal Microbiota Transplantation.
abstract: Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is a rather straightforward therapy that manipulates the human gastrointestinal (GI) microbiota, by which a healthy donor microbiota is transferred into an existing but disturbed microbial ecosystem. This is a natural process that occurs already at birth; infants are rapidly colonized by a specific microbial community, the composition of which strongly depends on the mode of delivery and which therefore most likely originates from the mother (Palmer et al. 2007; Tannock et al. 1990). Since this early life microbial community already contains most, if not all, of the predominantly anaerobic microbes that are only found in the GI tract, it is reasonable to assume that early life colonization is the ultimate natural fecal transplantation.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, Dreijenplein 10, 6703, Wageningen, The Netherlands. susana.fuentes@wur.nl.
authors.forename: Susana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fuentes
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, Dreijenplein 10, 6703, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Willem M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: de Vos
mesh_terms: D016360:Clostridioides difficile / Q000472:pathogenicity / Q000502:physiology; D064806:Dysbiosis / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D004761:Enterocolitis, Pseudomembranous / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D000069467:Fecal Microbiota Transplantation / Q000941:ethics / Q000379:methods*; D005243:Feces / Q000382:microbiology; D000069196:Gastrointestinal Microbiome / Q000502:physiology; D041981:Gastrointestinal Tract / Q000382:microbiology; D006801:Humans; D015212:Inflammatory Bowel Diseases / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D014019:Tissue Donors
keywords: Clostridium difficile; Donor; Gastrointestinal microbiota; IBD; Microbial ecology; Regulation; Safety