title: Bidirectional relationship between renal function and periodontal disease in older Japanese women.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the reciprocal effects of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and periodontal disease.
  
  
  
  A total of 332 postmenopausal never smoking women were enrolled, and their serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, serum osteocalcin and serum cystatin C levels were measured. Poor renal function was defined as serum cystatin C > 0.91 mg/l. Periodontal disease markers, including clinical attachment level and the periodontal inflamed surface area (PISA), were also evaluated. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to evaluate the relationships between renal function and periodontal disease markers, serum osteocalcin level and hsCRP level. The prevalence-rate ratios (PRRs) on multiple Poisson regression analyses were determined to evaluate the relationships between periodontal disease markers and serum osteocalcin, serum cystatin C and serum hsCRP levels.
  
  
  
  On logistic regression analysis, PISA was significantly associated with serum cystatin C level. The odds ratio for serum cystatin C level was 2.44 (p = 0.011). The PRR between serum cystatin C level and periodontal disease markers such as number of sites with clinical attachment level ≥6 mm was significantly positive (3.12, p < 0.001). Similar tendencies were shown for serum osteocalcin level.
  
  
  
  This study suggests that CKD and periodontal disease can have reciprocal effects.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Health and Welfare, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan.
authors.forename: Akihiro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yoshihara
authors.affiliation: Department of Community Oral Health Development, Kyushu Dental University, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: Masanori
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Iwasaki
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Health Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan.
authors.forename: Hideo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Miyazaki
authors.affiliation: Department of Community Preventive Medicine, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazutoshi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nakamura
mesh_terms: D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D055316:Cystatin C; D005260:Female; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D006801:Humans; D010510:Periodontal Diseases
chemical_list: D055316:Cystatin C; D002097:C-Reactive Protein
keywords: bone mineral density; chronic kidney disease; epidemiology; periodontal disease