title: Regression-Based Norms for the Brief Visuospatial Memory Test-Revised in Italian population and application in MS patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The Brief Visuospatial Memory Test-Revised (BVMT-R) is one of the most widely used tests for the assessment of learning and memory in the visual/spatial domain. The aim of this study was to use multiple regression to derive normative data for the use of BVMT-R in an Italian population.
  
  
  METHODS
  We employed a regression-based norms procedure to maximally utilize a relatively small sample while controlling for a variety of demographic factors in addition to age. Additionally, we used these norms to compare the performance of Italian healthy controls with patients diagnosed with multiple sclerosis (MS), thereby providing evidence of the method's validity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 200 healthy volunteers and 70 MS patients participated in this study and completed the BVMT-R according to the published procedures. Regression-based norms were generated for the Italian sample and are presented herein.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Using these norms, the performance of the MS patients was found to be significantly worse than that of the controls.
authors.affiliation: a Neurology and Neurorehabilitation Unit , I.R.C.C.S. "Santa Lucia" Foundation , Rome , Italy.
authors.forename: Ornella
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Argento
authors.affiliation: b Psychology Department , Rochester Institute of Technology , New York , NY , USA.
authors.forename: Audrey
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Smerbeck
authors.affiliation: a Neurology and Neurorehabilitation Unit , I.R.C.C.S. "Santa Lucia" Foundation , Rome , Italy.
authors.forename: Valerio
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Pisani
authors.affiliation: a Neurology and Neurorehabilitation Unit , I.R.C.C.S. "Santa Lucia" Foundation , Rome , Italy.
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Magistrale
authors.affiliation: a Neurology and Neurorehabilitation Unit , I.R.C.C.S. "Santa Lucia" Foundation , Rome , Italy.
authors.forename: Chiara C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Incerti
authors.affiliation: a Neurology and Neurorehabilitation Unit , I.R.C.C.S. "Santa Lucia" Foundation , Rome , Italy.|c Department of Systems Medicine , University of Rome "Tor Vergata" , Rome , Italy.
authors.forename: Carlo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Caltagirone
authors.affiliation: d School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences , University at Buffalo, State University of New York (SUNY) , Buffalo , USA.
authors.forename: Ralph H B
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Benedict
authors.affiliation: a Neurology and Neurorehabilitation Unit , I.R.C.C.S. "Santa Lucia" Foundation , Rome , Italy.|c Department of Systems Medicine , University of Rome "Tor Vergata" , Rome , Italy.
authors.forename: Ugo
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Nocentini
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy / Q000453:epidemiology; D007858:Learning; D008297:Male; D008568:Memory; D008875:Middle Aged; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology*; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D010775:Photic Stimulation / Q000379:methods*; D011159:Population Surveillance / Q000379:methods*; D012044:Regression Analysis
keywords: BVMT-R; Brief Visuospatial Memory Test-Revised; Italian norms; multiple sclerosis; regression-based norms