title: Mechanical, physical and tribological characterization of nano-cellulose fibers reinforced bio-epoxy composites: An attempt to fabricate and scale the 'Green' composite.
abstract: The development of bio-based composites is essential in order to protect the environment while enhancing energy efficiencies. In the present investigation, the plant-derived cellulose nano-fibers (CNFs)/bio-based epoxy composites were manufactured using the Liquid Composite Molding (LCM) process. More specifically, the CNFs with and without chemical modification were utilized in the composites. The curing kinetics of the prepared composites was studied using both the isothermal and dynamic Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) methods. The microstructure as well as the mechanical and tribological properties were investigated on the cured composites in order to understand the structure-property correlations of the composites. The results indicated that the manufactured composites showed improved mechanical and tribological properties when compared to the pure epoxy samples. Furthermore, the chemically modified CNFs reinforced composites outperformed the untreated composites. The surface modification of the fibers improved the curing of the resin by reducing the activation energy, and led to an improvement in the mechanical properties. The CNFs/bio-based epoxy composites form uniform tribo-layer during sliding which minimizes the direct contact between surfaces, thus reducing both the friction and wear of the composites.
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering & Applied Science, University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53211, USA.
authors.forename: Bamdad
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Barari
authors.affiliation: Tribology Lab and Center for Advanced Materials Manufacturing, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering & Applied Science, University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53211, USA. Electronic address: eomrani@uwm.edu.
authors.forename: Emad
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Omrani
authors.affiliation: Tribology Lab and Center for Advanced Materials Manufacturing, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering & Applied Science, University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53211, USA.
authors.forename: Afsaneh
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dorri Moghadam
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA.
authors.forename: Pradeep L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Menezes
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering & Applied Science, University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53211, USA.
authors.forename: Krishna M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Pillai
authors.affiliation: Tribology Lab and Center for Advanced Materials Manufacturing, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering & Applied Science, University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53211, USA.
authors.forename: Pradeep K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Rohatgi
mesh_terms: D002482:Cellulose / Q000737:chemistry*; D004852:Epoxy Compounds / Q000737:chemistry*; D055595:Mechanical Phenomena; D057139:Nanofibers / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D004852:Epoxy Compounds; D002482:Cellulose
keywords: Friction and wear; Nano-cellulose fiber; Nanocomposites; Polymer matrix composites; Resin transfer molding; Tribology