title: Development of a dual test procedure for DNA typing and methamphetamine detection using a trace amount of stimulant-containing blood.
abstract: Investigation of drug-related crimes, such as violation of the Stimulant Drug Control Law, requires identifying the used drug (mainly stimulant drugs, methamphetamine hydrochloride) from a drug solution and the DNA type of the drug user from a trace of blood left in the syringe used to inject the drug. In current standard test procedures, DNA typing and methamphetamine detection are performed as independent tests that use two separate portions of a precious sample. The sample can be entirely used up by either analysis. Therefore, we developed a new procedure involving partial lysis of a stimulant-containing blood sample followed by separation of the lysate into a precipitate for DNA typing and a liquid-phase fraction for methamphetamine detection. The method enables these two tests to be run in parallel using a single portion of sample. Samples were prepared by adding methamphetamine hydrochloride water solution to blood. Samples were lysed with Proteinase K in PBS at 56°C for 20min, cooled at -20°C after adding methanol, and then centrifuged at 15,000rpm. Based on the biopolymer-precipitating ability of alcohol, the precipitate was used for DNA typing and the liquid-phase fraction for methamphetamine detection. For DNA typing, the precipitate was dissolved and DNA was extracted, quantified, and subjected to STR analysis using the AmpFℓSTR® Identifiler® Plus PCR Amplification Kit. For methamphetamine detection, the liquid-phase fraction was evaporated with N2 gas after adding 20μL acetic acid and passed through an extraction column; the substances captured in the column were eluted with a solvent, derivatized, and quantitatively detected using gas chromatograph/mass spectrometry. This method was simple and could be completed in approximately 2h. Both DNA typing and methamphetamine detection were possible, which suggests that this method may be valuable for use in criminal investigations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Forensic Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8, Nishi-shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan; Criminal Investigation Laboratory, Metropolitan Police Department, 3-35-21, Shakujiidai, Nerima-ku, Tokyo 177-0045, Japan. Electronic address: irii@jikei.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Toshiaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Irii
authors.affiliation: Department of Forensic Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8, Nishi-shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan.
authors.forename: Kyoko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Maebashi
authors.affiliation: Department of Forensic Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8, Nishi-shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan.
authors.forename: Kenji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fukui
authors.affiliation: Department of Forensic Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8, Nishi-shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan.
authors.forename: Ryoko
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sohma
authors.affiliation: Department of Forensic Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8, Nishi-shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan.
authors.forename: Sari
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Matsumoto
authors.affiliation: Department of Forensic Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8, Nishi-shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan.
authors.forename: Shojiro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Takasu
authors.affiliation: Department of Forensic Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8, Nishi-shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan.
authors.forename: Kimiharu
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Iwadate
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016172:DNA Fingerprinting / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008694:Methamphetamine / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D008694:Methamphetamine
keywords: DNA typing; Drug-related crimes; Dual test; Methamphetamine detection; Syringe