title: Psychometric properties of the 7-item game addiction scale among french and German speaking adults.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The 7-item Game Addiction Scale (GAS) is a used to screen for addictive game use. Both cross cross-linguistic validation and validation in French and German is needed in adult samples. The objective of the study is to assess the factorial structure of the French and German versions of the GAS among adults.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two samples of men from French (N = 3318) and German (N = 2665) language areas of Switzerland were assessed with the GAS, the Major Depression Inventory (MDI), the Brief Sensation Seeking Scale, and the Zuckerman-Kuhlman Personality Questionnaire (ZKPQ-50-cc). They were also assessed for cannabis and alcohol use.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The internal consistency of the scale was satisfactory (Cronbach α = 0.85). A one-factor solution was found in both samples. Small and positive associations were found between GAS scores and the MDI, as well as the Neuroticism-Anxiety and Aggression-Hostility subscales of the ZKPQ-50-cc. A small negative association was found with the ZKPQ-50-cc Sociability subscale.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The GAS, in its French and German versions, is appropriate for the assessment of game addiction among adults.
authors.affiliation: Department of Mental health and psychiatry, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland. yasser.khazaal@hcuge.ch.|Department of psychiatry, Geneva University, Geneva, Switzerland. yasser.khazaal@hcuge.ch.
authors.forename: Yasser
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Khazaal
authors.affiliation: Department of Mental health and psychiatry, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chatton
authors.affiliation: Department of Mental health and psychiatry, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Stephane
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rothen
authors.affiliation: Department of Mental health and psychiatry, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Sophia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Achab
authors.affiliation: Department of Mental health and psychiatry, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Gabriel
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Thorens
authors.affiliation: Department of Mental health and psychiatry, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.|Department of psychiatry, Geneva University, Geneva, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Daniele
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zullino
authors.affiliation: Lausanne University, Lausanne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Gerhard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gmel
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D019973:Alcohol-Related Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D016739:Behavior, Addictive / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D015897:Comorbidity; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D005602:France / Q000208:ethnology; D005858:Germany / Q000208:ethnology; D006801:Humans; D020407:Internet; D007802:Language; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D010555:Personality Inventory / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires / Q000592:standards*; D013557:Switzerland / Q000453:epidemiology; D014175:Translating; D018910:Video Games / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Game Addiction Scale; Internet Gaming Disorder; Internet addiction