title: ANG Promotes Proliferation and Invasion of the Cell of Lung Squamous Carcinoma by Directly Up-Regulating HMGA2.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the mechanism of Angiogenin(ANG) function involved in the carcinogenesis of lung squamous cell carcinoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  12 patients' normal tissue and cancerous tissue were collected. ANG expression in the squamous cell carcinoma of the lung was evaluated by qRT-PCR and western-blot. The regulation of ANG on proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis of SK-MES-1 cells were analyzed by Cell Counting Kit-8, Transwell migration chamber, Transwell invasion chamber, and Annexin V-FITC assay, respectively. PCR array was utilized for screening potential target genes of ANG. Chromatin immunoprecipitation(ChIP) assays and luciferase assay were adopted for investigation of ANG's direct regulation on HMGA2.
  
  
  RESULTS
  ANG expression is increased in the squamous cell carcinoma of the lung tissue. In vitro experiments results indicated that overexpression of ANG promotes proliferation and invasion capability of SK-MES-1 cells. The candidate proliferation, migration, and invasion related ANG target gene found was HMGA2, expression levels of which were also enhanced in lung squamous cell carcinoma tissue. The direct regulation of ANG on HMGA2 was verified by ChIP and luciferase assay results. Furthermore, down-regulating HMGA2 significantly alleviated the suppression effects of ANG on proliferation, migration, and invasion of SK-MES-1 cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data illustrated the mechanisms that ANG promoted the cell of SQCLC proliferation, migration, and invasion capacity via directly up-regulating HMGA2.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiothoracic surgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiothoracic surgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Wei-Lin
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Liao
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiothoracic surgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Qi-Jue
authors.initials: QJ
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiothoracic surgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Chun-Guang
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiothoracic surgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiothoracic surgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Zhi-Yun
authors.initials: ZY
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiothoracic surgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Sheng-Dong
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiothoracic surgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: He-Zhong
authors.initials: HZ
authors.lastname: Chen
keywords: Angiogenin; HMGA2.; lung squamous cell carcinoma