title: Mitogenomic sequences support a north-south subspecies subdivision within Solenodon paradoxus.
abstract: Solenodons are insectivores found only in Hispaniola and Cuba, with a Mesozoic divergence date versus extant mainland mammals. Solenodons are the oldest lineage of living eutherian mammal for which a mitogenome sequence has not been reported. We determined complete mitogenome sequences for six Hispaniolan solenodons (Solenodon paradoxus) using next-generation sequencing. The solenodon mitogenomes were 16,454-16,457 bp long and carried the expected repertoire of genes. A mitogenomic phylogeny confirmed the basal position of solenodons relative to shrews and moles, with solenodon mitogenomes estimated to have diverged from those of other mammals ca. 78 Mya. Control region sequences of solenodons from the northern (n = 3) and southern (n = 5) Dominican Republic grouped separately in a network, with FST= 0.72 (p = 0.036) between north and south. This regional genetic divergence supports previous morphological and genetic reports recognizing northern (S. p. paradoxus) and southern (S. p. woodi) subspecies in need of separate conservation plans.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Animal Sciences , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana , IL , USA.|b Illinois Natural History Survey , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana , IL , USA.
authors.forename: Adam L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Brandt
authors.affiliation: c Department of Biology , University of Puerto Rico at Mayagüez , Mayagüez , Puerto Rico.
authors.forename: Kirill
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Grigorev
authors.affiliation: c Department of Biology , University of Puerto Rico at Mayagüez , Mayagüez , Puerto Rico.
authors.forename: Yashira M
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Afanador-Hernández
authors.affiliation: d Instituto Tecnológico de Santo Domingo (INTEC) , Santo Domingo , Dominican Republic.
authors.forename: Liz A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Paulino
authors.affiliation: e Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences , Texas A&M University , College Station , TX , USA.
authors.forename: William J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Murphy
authors.affiliation: f Department of Conservation and Science , Parque Zoológico Nacional (ZOODOM) , Santo Domingo , Dominican Republic.
authors.forename: Adrell
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Núñez
authors.affiliation: g Theodosius Dobzhansky Center for Genome Bioinformatics, St. Petersburg State University , St. Petersburg , Russia.
authors.forename: Aleksey
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Komissarov
authors.affiliation: a Department of Animal Sciences , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana , IL , USA.
authors.forename: Jessica R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Brandt
authors.affiliation: g Theodosius Dobzhansky Center for Genome Bioinformatics, St. Petersburg State University , St. Petersburg , Russia.
authors.forename: Pavel
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Dobrynin
authors.affiliation: h Instituto de Investigaciones Botanicas y Zoologicas, Universidad Autónoma de Santo Domingo , Santo Domingo , Dominican Republic.
authors.forename: J David
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Hernández-Martich
authors.affiliation: f Department of Conservation and Science , Parque Zoológico Nacional (ZOODOM) , Santo Domingo , Dominican Republic.
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: María
authors.affiliation: g Theodosius Dobzhansky Center for Genome Bioinformatics, St. Petersburg State University , St. Petersburg , Russia.|i Oceanographic Center, Nova Southeastern University , Fort Lauderdale , FL , USA.
authors.forename: Stephen J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: O'Brien
authors.affiliation: d Instituto Tecnológico de Santo Domingo (INTEC) , Santo Domingo , Dominican Republic.
authors.forename: Luis E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Rodríguez
authors.affiliation: c Department of Biology , University of Puerto Rico at Mayagüez , Mayagüez , Puerto Rico.
authors.forename: Juan C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Martínez-Cruzado
authors.affiliation: c Department of Biology , University of Puerto Rico at Mayagüez , Mayagüez , Puerto Rico.
authors.forename: Taras K
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Oleksyk
authors.affiliation: a Department of Animal Sciences , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana , IL , USA.|b Illinois Natural History Survey , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana , IL , USA.|j Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana , IL , USA.
authors.forename: Alfred L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Roca
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D007312:Eulipotyphla / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D059646:Genome Size; D054629:Genome, Mitochondrial; D059014:High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing / Q000379:methods*; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000235:genetics*; D010802:Phylogeny; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA / Q000379:methods*
keywords: Conservation; Dominican Republic; Solenodon paradoxus; evolutionarily significant units; subspecies; taxonomy