title: Invasive pneumococcal disease rates linked to meteorological factors and respiratory virus circulation (Catalonia, 2006-2012).
abstract: To study the impact of meteorological data and respiratory viral infections on invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) rates.
  
  
  
  We analysed all notifications of IPD and respiratory viral infections to the Microbiological Reporting System of Catalonia (2006-2012). Correlations between rates of IPD and viral infections (influenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus [RSV] and adenovirus), and meteorological variables (temperature, humidity, hours of sunshine, wind speed and number of days with rainfall) were assessed using Spearman's correlation coefficient and negative binomial regression models.
  
  
  
  We found significant correlations between monthly rates of IPD and monthly rates of all respiratory viruses and meteorological factors. However, after multiple regression analysis, associations remained between IPD rates and influenza rates and reductions in temperature in the total population, and between IPD rates and adenovirus rates in children aged <5 years. When models were repeated for the total population using data from the preceding month, IPD rates increased when RSV was circulating and when the temperature was lower. In children aged <5 years, RSV circulation was associated with increased IPD rates.
  
  
  
  IPD rates were linked to increased activity of some respiratory viruses and reductions in temperature. Preventive measures, including influenza vaccination, may help reduce IPD.
authors.affiliation: Agència de Salut Pública de Catalunya. Generalitat de Catalunya, Roc Boronat 81-95, 08005, Barcelona, Spain. pilar.ciruela@gencat.cat.
authors.forename: Pilar
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ciruela
authors.affiliation: Agència de Salut Pública de Catalunya. Generalitat de Catalunya, Roc Boronat 81-95, 08005, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Sonia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Broner
authors.affiliation: Agència de Salut Pública de Catalunya. Generalitat de Catalunya, Roc Boronat 81-95, 08005, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Conchita
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Izquierdo
authors.affiliation: Agència de Salut Pública de Catalunya. Generalitat de Catalunya, Roc Boronat 81-95, 08005, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Sergi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hernández
authors.affiliation: Hospital Universitario Sant Joan de Deu, P° Sant Joan de Deu 2, 08950, Esplugues, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Carmen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Muñoz-Almagro
authors.affiliation: Hospital Universitario Bellvitge, Feixa Llarga s/n, 08907 L'Hospitalet, Barcelona, Spain.|Universidad de Barcelona, Casanova 143, 08036, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Roman
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pallarés
authors.affiliation: Agència de Salut Pública de Catalunya. Generalitat de Catalunya, Roc Boronat 81-95, 08005, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Mireia
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jané
authors.affiliation: Universidad de Barcelona, Casanova 143, 08036, Barcelona, Spain.|CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Angela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Domínguez
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002662:Child Health Services; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D008685:Meteorological Concepts; D015233:Models, Statistical; D011008:Pneumococcal Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012044:Regression Analysis; D018357:Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections / Q000150:complications*; D012141:Respiratory Tract Infections / Q000821:virology*; D013030:Spain / Q000453:epidemiology
keywords: IPD; Influenza; Meteorological variables; Respiratory viruses; Streptococcus pneumoniae