title: Effects of orthographic consistency and homophone density on Chinese spoken word recognition.
abstract: Studies of alphabetic language have shown that orthographic knowledge influences phonological processing during spoken word recognition. This study utilized the Event-Related Potentials (ERPs) to differentiate two types of phonology-to-orthography (P-to-O) mapping consistencies in Chinese, namely homophone density and orthographic consistency. The ERP data revealed an orthographic consistency effect in the frontal-centrally distributed N400, and a homophone density effect in central-posteriorly distributed late positive component (LPC). Further source analyses using the standardized low-resolution electromagnetic tomography (sLORETA) demonstrated that the orthographic effect was not only localized in the frontal and temporal-parietal regions for phonological processing, but also in the posterior visual cortex for orthographic processing, while the homophone density effect was found in middle temporal gyrus for lexical-semantic selection, and in the temporal-occipital junction for orthographic processing. These results suggest that orthographic information not only shapes the nature of phonological representations, but may also be activated during on-line spoken word recognition.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Linguistics, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Section 2, 11529 Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Wei-Fan
authors.initials: WF
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Institute of Neuroscience, National Yang-Ming University, 155 Linong Street, Section 2, 11221 Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Pei-Chun
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Chao
authors.affiliation: Institute of Linguistics, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Section 2, 11529 Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Psychology, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YF, UK.
authors.forename: Ya-Ning
authors.initials: YN
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Linguistics, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Section 2, 11529 Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chun-Hsien
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.affiliation: Institute of Linguistics, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Section 2, 11529 Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Neuroscience, National Yang-Ming University, 155 Linong Street, Section 2, 11221 Taipei, Taiwan; Research Center for Mind, Brain and Learning, National Chengchi University, No. 64, Sec. 2, ZhiNan Rd., Wenshan District, 11605 Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, National Central University, No. 300, Jhongda Rd., Jhongli 32001, Taoyuan, Taiwan. Electronic address: chiaying@gate.sinica.edu.tw.
authors.forename: Chia-Ying
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D044466:Asian People / Q000523:psychology; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000502:physiology; D002681:China; D032882:Comprehension / Q000502:physiology*; D005071:Evoked Potentials; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010700:Phonetics; D012660:Semantics; D013060:Speech; D013067:Speech Perception / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: ERPs; Homophone density; Orthographic consistency; Spoken word recognition; sLORETA