title: Maternal high fat intake affects the development and transcriptional profile of fetal intestine in late gestation using pig model.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of maternal high fat intake on intestinal development and transcriptional profile.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eight gilts with similar age and body weight were randomly allocated into 2 groups receiving the control and high fat diets (HF diet) from d 30 to 90 of gestation, with 4 gilts each group and one gilt each pen. At d 90 of gestation, two fetuses each gilt were removed by cesarean section. Intestinal samples were collected for analysis of morphology, enzyme activities and transcriptional profile.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results showed that feeding HF diet markedly increased the fetal weight and lactase activity, also tended to increase intestinal morphology. Porcine Oligo Microarray analysis indicated that feeding HF diet inhibited 64% of genes (39 genes down-regulated while 22 genes up-regulated),which were related to immune response, cancer and metabolism, also markedly modified 33 signal pathways such as antigen processing and presentation, intestinal immune network for IgA production, Jak-STAT and TGF-ß signaling transductions, pathways in colorectal cancer and glycerolipid metabolism.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Collectively, it could be concluded that maternal high fat intake was able to increase fetal weight and lactase activity, however, it altered the intestinal immune response, signal transduction and metabolism.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, No.46, Xinkang Road, Ya'an, Sichuan, 625014, People's Republic of China. clianqiang@hotmail.com.|Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, No.46, Xinkang Road, Ya'an, Sichuan, 625014, People's Republic of China. clianqiang@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Lianqiang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Che
authors.affiliation: Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, No.46, Xinkang Road, Ya'an, Sichuan, 625014, People's Republic of China.|Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, No.46, Xinkang Road, Ya'an, Sichuan, 625014, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Peilin
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, No.46, Xinkang Road, Ya'an, Sichuan, 625014, People's Republic of China.|Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, No.46, Xinkang Road, Ya'an, Sichuan, 625014, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Zhengguo
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, No.46, Xinkang Road, Ya'an, Sichuan, 625014, People's Republic of China.|Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, No.46, Xinkang Road, Ya'an, Sichuan, 625014, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Long
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Che
authors.affiliation: Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, No.46, Xinkang Road, Ya'an, Sichuan, 625014, People's Republic of China.|Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, No.46, Xinkang Road, Ya'an, Sichuan, 625014, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Liang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, No.46, Xinkang Road, Ya'an, Sichuan, 625014, People's Republic of China.|Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, No.46, Xinkang Road, Ya'an, Sichuan, 625014, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Linlin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Qin
authors.affiliation: Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, No.46, Xinkang Road, Ya'an, Sichuan, 625014, People's Republic of China.|Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, No.46, Xinkang Road, Ya'an, Sichuan, 625014, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Ru
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, No.46, Xinkang Road, Ya'an, Sichuan, 625014, People's Republic of China.|Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, No.46, Xinkang Road, Ya'an, Sichuan, 625014, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Zhengfeng
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, No.46, Xinkang Road, Ya'an, Sichuan, 625014, People's Republic of China.|Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, No.46, Xinkang Road, Ya'an, Sichuan, 625014, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, No.46, Xinkang Road, Ya'an, Sichuan, 625014, People's Republic of China.|Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, No.46, Xinkang Road, Ya'an, Sichuan, 625014, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Shengyu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, No.46, Xinkang Road, Ya'an, Sichuan, 625014, People's Republic of China.|Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, No.46, Xinkang Road, Ya'an, Sichuan, 625014, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.affiliation: Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, No.46, Xinkang Road, Ya'an, Sichuan, 625014, People's Republic of China.|Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, No.46, Xinkang Road, Ya'an, Sichuan, 625014, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, No.46, Xinkang Road, Ya'an, Sichuan, 625014, People's Republic of China.|Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, No.46, Xinkang Road, Ya'an, Sichuan, 625014, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: De
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D059305:Diet, High-Fat / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004798:Enzymes / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D020567:Fetal Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental / Q000187:drug effects*; D007422:Intestines / Q000187:drug effects / Q000196:embryology* / Q000502:physiology; D043322:Lactase / Q000378:metabolism; D011247:Pregnancy; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D034421:Sus scrofa; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D004798:Enzymes; D043322:Lactase
keywords: Cancer; DNA microarray; Immune; Maternal nutrition; Offspring