title: In vitro cytotoxicity, genotoxicity and antigenotoxicity assessment of Solanum lycocarpum hydroalcoholic extract.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Solanum lycocarpum A. St.-Hil. (Solanaceae), popularly known as 'fruta-do-lobo' (wolf fruit), 'lobeira' and 'jurubebão', is commonly used by native people of Central Brazil in powder form or as a hydroalcoholic extract for the management of diabetes and obesity and to decrease cholesterol levels.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The present study determines the possible cytotoxic, genotoxic and antigenotoxic activities of hydroalcoholic extract of the S. lycocarpum fruits (SL).
  
  
  METHODS
  The clonogenic efficiency assay was used to determine the cytotoxicity. Three concentrations of SL (16, 32 and 64 μg/mL) were used for the evaluation of its genotoxic and antigenotoxic potential on V79 cells using the micronucleus and comet assays. In the antigenotoxicity assays, the cells were treated simultaneously with SL and the alkylating agent methyl methanesulphonate (MMS, 44 μg/mL for the micronucleus assay and 22 μg/mL for the comet assay) as an inducer of micronuclei and DNA damage.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results showed that SL was cytotoxic at concentrations up to 64 μg/mL. No significant differences in the rate of chromosome or DNA damage were observed between cultures treated with SL and the control group. In addition, the frequencies of micronuclei and DNA damage induced by MMS were significantly reduced after treatment with SL. The damage reduction percentage ranged from 68.1% to 79.2% and 12.1% to 16.5% for micronucleus and comet assays, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  SL exerted no genotoxic effect and exhibited chemopreventive activity against both genomic and chromosome damage induced by MMS.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Science, Universidade de Franca , Franca , São Paulo , Brazil.
authors.forename: Augusto Faria
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Andrade
authors.affiliation: a Department of Science, Universidade de Franca , Franca , São Paulo , Brazil.
authors.forename: Jacqueline Morais
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Alves
authors.affiliation: a Department of Science, Universidade de Franca , Franca , São Paulo , Brazil.
authors.forename: Mariana Beltrame
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Corrêa
authors.affiliation: a Department of Science, Universidade de Franca , Franca , São Paulo , Brazil.
authors.forename: Wilson Roberto
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: Cunha
authors.affiliation: a Department of Science, Universidade de Franca , Franca , São Paulo , Brazil.
authors.forename: Rodrigo Cassio Sola
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Veneziani
authors.affiliation: a Department of Science, Universidade de Franca , Franca , São Paulo , Brazil.
authors.forename: Denise Crispim
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Tavares
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D006224:Cricetinae; D003412:Cricetulus; D004249:DNA Damage; D008741:Methyl Methanesulfonate / Q000633:toxicity; D015162:Micronucleus Tests; D009152:Mutagenicity Tests; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity; D032322:Solanum
chemical_list: D010936:Plant Extracts; D008741:Methyl Methanesulfonate
keywords: Comet assay; V79 cells; micronucleus assay