title: Changes in the sympathetic innervation of the gut in rotenone treated mice as possible early biomarker for Parkinson's disease.
abstract: Involvement of the peripheral nervous system (PNS) is relatively common in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients. PNS alterations appear early in the course of the disease and are responsible for some of the non-motor symptoms observed in PD patients. In previous studies, we have shown that environmental toxins can trigger the disease by acting on the enteric nervous system.
  
  
  
  Here, we analyzed the effect of mitochondrial Complex I inhibition on sympathetic neuritis in vivo and sympathetic neurons in vitro. Combining in vivo imaging and protein expression profiling.
  
  
  
  we found that rotenone, a widely used mitochondrial Complex I inhibitor decreases the density of sympathetic neurites innervating the gut in vivo, while in vitro, it induces the redistribution of intracellular alpha-synuclein and neurite degeneration. Interestingly, sympathetic neurons are much more resistant to rotenone exposure than mesencephalic dopaminergic neurons.
  
  
  
  Altogether, these results suggest that enteric sympathetic denervation could be an initial pre-motor alteration in PD progression that could be used as an early biomarker of the disease.
authors.affiliation: Klinik und Poliklinik für Neurologie, Uniklinikum Carl-Gustav Carus, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany.
authors.forename: Mike
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Arnhold
authors.affiliation: Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik, Klinikum der Universität München, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany.|Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Yanina
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Dening
authors.affiliation: The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.|Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia.
authors.forename: Michaël
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chopin
authors.affiliation: Institut für Anatomie, TU-Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany.
authors.forename: Esteban
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Arévalo
authors.affiliation: Institut für Anatomie, TU-Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany.
authors.forename: Mathias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schwarz
authors.affiliation: Klinik und Poliklinik für Neurologie, Uniklinikum Carl-Gustav Carus, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany.|Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Tatzberg 47/49, 01307, Dresden, Germany.
authors.forename: Heinz
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Reichmann
authors.affiliation: Klinik und Poliklinik für Neurologie, Uniklinikum Carl-Gustav Carus, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany.
authors.forename: Gabriele
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gille
authors.affiliation: Institut für Anatomie, TU-Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany.|Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Tatzberg 47/49, 01307, Dresden, Germany.
authors.forename: Richard H W
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Funk
authors.affiliation: Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik, Klinikum der Universität München, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany. francisco.pan-montojo@med.uni-muenchen.de.|Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology, Munich, Germany. francisco.pan-montojo@med.uni-muenchen.de.
authors.forename: Francisco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pan-Montojo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006801:Humans; D007422:Intestines / Q000294:innervation* / Q000473:pathology; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology*; D012402:Rotenone / Q000378:metabolism*; D013564:Sympathetic Nervous System / Q000473:pathology*; D051844:alpha-Synuclein / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D051844:alpha-Synuclein; D012402:Rotenone
keywords: Biomarker; Constipation, alpha-synuclein pathology; Enteric sympathetic innervation; Parkinson’s disease