title: Patterns and reliability of EEG during error monitoring for internal versus external feedback in schizophrenia.
abstract: Accurately monitoring one's performance on daily life tasks, and integrating internal and external performance feedback are necessary for guiding productive behavior. Although internal feedback processing, as indexed by the error-related negativity (ERN), is consistently impaired in schizophrenia, initial findings suggest that external performance feedback processing, as indexed by the feedback negativity (FN), may actually be intact. The current study evaluated internal and external feedback processing task performance and test-retest reliability in schizophrenia.
  
  
  
  92 schizophrenia outpatients and 63 healthy controls completed a flanker task (ERN) and a time estimation task (FN). Analyses examined the ΔERN and ΔFN defined as difference waves between correct/positive versus error/negative feedback conditions. A temporal principal component analysis was conducted to distinguish the ΔERN and ΔFN from overlapping neural responses. We also assessed test-retest reliability of ΔERN and ΔFN in patients over a 4-week interval.
  
  
  
  Patients showed reduced ΔERN accompanied by intact ΔFN. In patients, test-retest reliability for both ΔERN and ΔFN over a four-week period was fair to good.
  
  
  
  Individuals with schizophrenia show a pattern of impaired internal, but intact external, feedback processing. This pattern has implications for understanding the nature and neural correlates of impaired feedback processing in schizophrenia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterans Affairs VISN 22 Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, 11301 Wilshire Blvd., Bldg. 210, Los Angeles, CA 90073, USA; UCLA Semel Institute for Neuroscience & Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA. Electronic address: kllerena@ucla.edu.
authors.forename: Katiah
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Llerena
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterans Affairs VISN 22 Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, 11301 Wilshire Blvd., Bldg. 210, Los Angeles, CA 90073, USA; UCLA Semel Institute for Neuroscience & Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
authors.forename: Jonathan K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Wynn
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-2500, USA.
authors.forename: Greg
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hajcak
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterans Affairs VISN 22 Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, 11301 Wilshire Blvd., Bldg. 210, Los Angeles, CA 90073, USA; UCLA Semel Institute for Neuroscience & Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
authors.forename: Michael F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Green
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterans Affairs VISN 22 Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, 11301 Wilshire Blvd., Bldg. 210, Los Angeles, CA 90073, USA; UCLA Semel Institute for Neuroscience & Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
authors.forename: William P
authors.initials: WP
authors.lastname: Horan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001931:Brain Mapping; D003265:Contingent Negative Variation / Q000502:physiology*; D004569:Electroencephalography; D005246:Feedback; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010775:Photic Stimulation; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000502:physiology*; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000502:physiology; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012565:Schizophrenic Psychology; D013998:Time Perception / Q000502:physiology*
keywords: Electroencephalography; Event related potentials; Performance monitoring; Principal component analysis; Reward; Schizophrenia