title: Residential exposure to traffic noise and risk of incident atrial fibrillation: A cohort study.
abstract: Studies have found long-term exposure to traffic noise to be associated with higher risk for hypertension, ischemic heart disease and stroke. We aimed to investigate the novel hypothesis that traffic noise increases the risk of atrial fibrillation (A-fib).
  
  
  
  In a population-based cohort of 57,053 people aged 50-64years at enrolment in 1993-1997, we identified 2692 cases of first-ever hospital admission of A-fib from enrolment to end of follow-up in 2011 using a nationwide registry. The mean follow-up time was 14.7years. Present and historical residential addresses were identified for all cohort members from 1987 to 2011. For all addresses, exposure to road traffic and railway noise was estimated using the Nordic prediction method and exposure to air pollution was estimated using a validated dispersion model. We used Cox proportional hazard model for the analyses with adjustment for lifestyle, socioeconomic position and air pollution.
  
  
  
  A 10dB higher 5-year time-weighted mean exposure to road traffic noise was associated with a 6% higher risk of A-fib (incidence rate ratio (IRR): 1.06; 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 1.00-1.12) in models adjusted for factors related to lifestyle and socioeconomic position. The association followed a monotonic exposure-response relationship. In analyses with adjustment for air pollution, NOx or NO2, there were no statistically significant associations between exposure to road traffic noise and risk of A-fib; IRR: 1.04; (95% CI: 0.96-1.11) and IRR: 1.01; (95% CI: 0.94-1.09), respectively. Exposure to railway noise was not associated with A-fib.
  
  
  
  Exposure to residential road traffic noise may be associated with higher risk of A-fib, though associations were difficult to separate from exposure to air pollution.
authors.affiliation: Diet, Genes and Environment, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark. Electronic address: marim@cancer.dk.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Monrad
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital of Bispebjerg, Bispebjerg, Denmark.
authors.forename: Ahmad
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sajadieh
authors.affiliation: Diet, Genes and Environment, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Jeppe Schultz
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Christensen
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark.
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ketzel
authors.affiliation: Diet, Genes and Environment, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark.
authors.forename: Ole
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Raaschou-Nielsen
authors.affiliation: Diet, Genes and Environment, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tjønneland
authors.affiliation: Section for Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Cardiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark.
authors.forename: Kim
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Overvad
authors.affiliation: Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Steffen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Loft
authors.affiliation: Diet, Genes and Environment, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Mette
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sørensen
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000397:Air Pollution; D001281:Atrial Fibrillation / Q000209:etiology*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D005260:Female; D006798:Housing; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009624:Noise, Transportation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012307:Risk Factors; D020521:Stroke
keywords: Arrhythmia; Cohort; Epidemiology; Traffic noise