title: Omphalocele-Exstrophy-Imperforate Anus-Spinal Defects Complex: Associated Malformations in 12 New Cases.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The omphalocele-exstrophy-imperforate anus-spinal defects (OEIS) complex is a rare variant of the bladder exstrophy epispadias complex with in most cases unknown etiology. Due to the rarity of the disease, no large series exist that describe the prenatal spectrum of disease or additional malformations.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this study, we present the prenatal findings in a series of 12 cases.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All fetuses showed exstrophy of the bladder, 9/12 omphalocele, 9/12 anal atresia, 10/12 neural tube defects, 4/12 vertebral defects, 5/12 lower extremity defects including clubfeet, and 4/12 a single umbilical artery. Additional malformations included hydrocephalus, hypertelorism, aplasia of the gall bladder, heart defects and kidney malformations. All karyotyped fetuses (11/11) showed a normal karyotype.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings illustrate the spectrum of disease in prenatal diagnosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Prenatal Medicine, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
authors.forename: Michael Rudolf
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Mallmann
authors.forename: Heiko
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Reutter
authors.forename: Annette Margarete
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Müller
authors.forename: Annegret
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Geipel
authors.forename: Christoph
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Berg
authors.forename: Ulrich
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Gembruch
mesh_terms: D000015:Abnormalities, Multiple / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D000328:Adult; D001006:Anus, Imperforate / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D006554:Hernia, Umbilical / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D059785:Karyotype; D008297:Male; D011247:Pregnancy; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012600:Scoliosis / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000235:genetics; D014564:Urogenital Abnormalities / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000235:genetics; D000099061:OEIS Complex