title: Caliciviruses in hospitalized children, São Luís, Maranhão, 1997-1999: detection of norovirus GII.12.
abstract: Gastroenteritis is one of the most common diseases during childhood, with norovirus (NoV) and sapovirus (SaV) being two of its main causes. This study reports for the first time the incidence of these viruses in hospitalized children with and without gastroenteritis in São Luís, Maranhão. A total of 136 fecal samples were tested by enzyme immunoassays (EIA) for the detection of NoV and by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for detection of both NoV and SaV. Positive samples for both agents were subjected to sequencing. The overall frequency of NoV as detected by EIA and RT-PCR was 17.6% (24/136) and 32.6% (15/46), respectively in diarrheic patients and 10.0% (9/90) in non-diarrheic patients (p<0.01). Of the diarrheic patients, 17% had fever, vomiting and anorexia, and 13% developed fever, vomiting and abdominal pain. Of the 24 NoV-positive samples, 50% (12/24) were sequenced and classified as genotypes GII.3 (n=1), GII.4 (6), GII.5 (1), GII.7 (2), GII.12 (1) and GII.16 (1). SaV frequency was 9.8% (11/112), with 22.6% (7/31) in diarrheic patients and 4.9% (4/81) in nondiarrheic (p=0.04) ones. In diarrheic cases, 27.3% had fever, vomiting and anorexia, whereas 18.2% had fever, anorexia and abdominal pain. One SaV-positive sample was sequenced and classified as GII.1. These results show a high genetic diversity of NoV and higher prevalence of NoV compared to SaV. Our data highlight the importance of NoV and SaV as enteropathogens in São Luís, Maranhão.
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Parasitária na Amazônia, Universidade do Estado do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil.
authors.forename: Thayara Morais
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Portal
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Virologia, Instituto Evandro Chagas/SVS/MS, Ananindeua, Pará, Brazil.
authors.forename: Jones Anderson Monteiro
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Siqueira
authors.affiliation: Faculdade Integrada Brasil Amazônia, Belém, Pará, Brazil.
authors.forename: Larissa Cristina Prado das Neves
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Costa
authors.affiliation: Seção de Virologia, Instituto Evandro Chagas/SVS/MS, Ananindeua, Pará, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ian Carlos Gomes de
authors.initials: IC
authors.lastname: Lima
authors.affiliation: Seção de Virologia, Instituto Evandro Chagas/SVS/MS, Ananindeua, Pará, Brazil.
authors.forename: Maria Silvia Sousa de
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Lucena
authors.affiliation: Seção de Virologia, Instituto Evandro Chagas/SVS/MS, Ananindeua, Pará, Brazil.
authors.forename: Renato da Silva
authors.initials: Rda S
authors.lastname: Bandeira
authors.affiliation: Seção de Virologia, Instituto Evandro Chagas/SVS/MS, Ananindeua, Pará, Brazil.
authors.forename: Alexandre da Costa
authors.initials: Ada C
authors.lastname: Linhares
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil.
authors.forename: Claudia Regina Nunes Eloi da
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Luz
authors.affiliation: Seção de Virologia, Instituto Evandro Chagas/SVS/MS, Ananindeua, Pará, Brazil.
authors.forename: Yvone Benchimol
authors.initials: YB
authors.lastname: Gabbay
authors.affiliation: Seção de Virologia, Instituto Evandro Chagas/SVS/MS, Ananindeua, Pará, Brazil. Electronic address: hugoresque@iec.pa.gov.br.
authors.forename: Hugo Reis
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Resque
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D002139:Caliciviridae / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics; D017250:Caliciviridae Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000266:history / Q000821:virology*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003428:Cross Infection; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D005260:Female; D005759:Gastroenteritis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000266:history / Q000821:virology; D005838:Genotype; D049673:History, 20th Century; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D029322:Norovirus / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics; D010802:Phylogeny; D029341:Sapovirus / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Children; Gastroenteritis; Norovirus; Sapovirus