title: In vitro evaluation of different dental materials used for the treatment of extensive cervical root defects using human periodontal cells.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Repair materials for extensive cervical root defects may come in direct contact with periodontal tissues. This in vitro study compared the effects of four calcium silicate cements (CSC), one resin-modified glass ionomer cement, and one glass carbomer cement on primary human gingival fibroblasts (HGF), alveolar osteoblasts (HAO), and a human osteoblast cell line (hFOB 1.19).
  
  
  METHODS
  HGF, HAO, and hFOB were seeded on discoid test specimens. Relative numbers of viable cells were quantitatively assessed after 1 and 24 h for cytotoxicity/adhesion assays and after 4, 24, 48, and 72 h for proliferation assays. Data were statistically analyzed using non-parametric tests (α = 0.05).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Relative to the control (100 %), CSC allowed for mean numbers of 71-81 % viable HGF and 80-82 % viable HAO. Then, 64 % of HGF and 56 % of HAO were assessed on GC Fuji II LC. Mean numbers of viable cells were 59-64 % HGF and 67-68 % HAO for GCP Glass Fill specimens. Cells exposed to CSC over 24 h remained viable and even increased in number. Both cell types adhered almost equally well to CSC and GC Fuji II LC. GCP Glass Fill continued to decrease cell viability and adhesion. CSC-based materials and GC Fuji II LC allowed for HGF and hFOB proliferation; however, none of the tested materials specifically stimulated cell proliferation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CSC characterized by low cytotoxicity. GC Fuji II LC shows moderate cytotoxic effects. ProRoot MTA, Harvard MTA, Biodentine, EndoSequence putty, and GC Fuji II LC allow HGF and HAO to adhere and HGF and hFOB to proliferate. GCP Glass Fill decreases cell viability, adhesion, and proliferation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CSC remain the paramount biologic choice for the repair of extensive cervical root defects. GC Fuji II LC might be considered in addition to CSC when the defect comprises supracrestal areas and the restoration requires superior aesthetic and mechanical characteristics.
authors.affiliation: Clinic for Oral, Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases, Department of Conservative Dentistry, Division of Endodontics and Dental Traumatology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Annemarie
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Michel
authors.affiliation: Clinic for Oral, Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Ralf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Erber
authors.affiliation: Clinic for Oral, Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases, Department of Conservative Dentistry, Division of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Cornelia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Frese
authors.affiliation: Clinic for Oral, Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases, Department of Conservative Dentistry, Division of Endodontics and Dental Traumatology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Holger
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gehrig
authors.affiliation: Institute of Medical Biometry and Informatics, Ruprecht-Karls-University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Saure
authors.affiliation: Clinic for Oral, Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases, Department of Conservative Dentistry, Division of Endodontics and Dental Traumatology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany. Johannes.Mente@med.uni-heidelberg.de.
authors.forename: Johannes
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mente
mesh_terms: D001031:Apatites / Q000737:chemistry*; D017610:Calcium Compounds / Q000737:chemistry*; D002130:Calcium Phosphates; D002448:Cell Adhesion; D002460:Cell Line; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D003764:Dental Materials / Q000737:chemistry*; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000502:physiology*; D005881:Gingiva / Q000166:cytology*; D005899:Glass Ionomer Cements / Q000737:chemistry*; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000502:physiology*; D010087:Oxides; D012117:Resins, Synthetic; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials; D017640:Silicates / Q000737:chemistry*; D014092:Tooth Root
chemical_list: D001031:Apatites; D017610:Calcium Compounds; D002130:Calcium Phosphates; D003764:Dental Materials; D004338:Drug Combinations; C550603:EndoSequence root repair material; C079765:Fuji II LC cement; D005899:Glass Ionomer Cements; D010087:Oxides; C000624565:ProRoot MTA; D012117:Resins, Synthetic; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials; D017640:Silicates; C586142:glass carbomer cement; C506393:tricalcium silicate; C031293:calcium silicate
keywords: Calcium silicate cements; Cytotoxicity; Glass carbomer cements; In vitro testing; Primary human cell culture; Resin-modified glass ionomer cements