title: Screening of Nanoemulsion Formulations and Identification of NB-201 as an Effective Topical Antimicrobial for Staphylococcus aureus in a Mouse Model of Infected Wounds.
abstract: Despite advances in antimicrobial therapies, wound infection remains a global public health concern. We aimed to formulate and assess various nanoemulsions (NEs) for potential effectiveness as stable antimicrobial agents suitable for topic application. A total of 106 NEs were developed that varied with respect to nonionic and cationic surfactants. Stability testing demonstrated that the NEs tested are broadly stable, with 97/106 formulations passing 2-week stability tests. Two NEs, NB-201 and NB-402, were selected to test antimicrobial activity in a wound model in mice. Skin abrasion wounds were infected with Staphylococcus aureus followed by NE treatment. Infected skin was then evaluated by measuring colony forming units. NB-201 reduced median bacterial counts by 4 to 5 log compared to animals treated with saline, whereas NB-402 reduced bacterial counts by 2 to 3 log. Additional stability tests on NB-201 demonstrated that NB-201 is stable in the presence of human serum, and is stable for at least 6 months at 5°C, 25°C, and 40°C. Finally, in in vitro studies, NB-201 was found to be effective against S. aureus at a higher dilution than the commercially available silver sulfadiazine. Altogether these results demonstrate that NB-201 is a stable and effective topical antimicrobial for the treatment of S. aureus.
authors.affiliation: Michigan Nanotechnology Institute for Medicine and Biological Sciences, 9220 MSRB III, 1150 West Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5648.
authors.forename: Yongyi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.affiliation: NanoBio Corporation, 2311 Green Road, Suite A, Ann Arbor, MI 48105.
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ciotti
authors.affiliation: Michigan Nanotechnology Institute for Medicine and Biological Sciences, 9220 MSRB III, 1150 West Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5648.
authors.forename: Zhengyi
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.affiliation: NanoBio Corporation, 2311 Green Road, Suite A, Ann Arbor, MI 48105.
authors.forename: Rone
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Eisma
authors.affiliation: Michigan Nanotechnology Institute for Medicine and Biological Sciences, 9220 MSRB III, 1150 West Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5648.
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Baker
authors.affiliation: Michigan Nanotechnology Institute for Medicine and Biological Sciences, 9220 MSRB III, 1150 West Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5648.
authors.forename: Su He
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001548:Benzalkonium Compounds / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002594:Cetylpyridinium / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004338:Drug Combinations; D051379:Mice; D023421:Models, Animal; D020442:Poloxamer / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011136:Polysorbates / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012837:Silver Sulfadiazine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013024:Soybean Oil / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013203:Staphylococcal Infections / Q000188:drug therapy*; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects*; D014946:Wound Infection / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000517:prevention & control
chemical_list: D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local; D001548:Benzalkonium Compounds; D004338:Drug Combinations; C000612847:NB-201 nanoemulsion; C000612848:NB-402 nanoemulsion; D011136:Polysorbates; D020442:Poloxamer; D013024:Soybean Oil; D002594:Cetylpyridinium; D012837:Silver Sulfadiazine