title: Why we love or hate our cars: A qualitative approach to the development of a quantitative user experience survey.
abstract: This paper presents a more ecologically valid way of developing theory-based item questionnaires for measuring user experience. In this novel approach, items were generated using natural and domain-specific language of the research population, what seems to have made the survey much more sensitive to real experiences than theory-based ones. The approach was applied in a survey that measured car experience. Ten in-depth interviews were conducted with drivers inside their cars. The resulting transcripts were analysed with the aim of capturing their natural utterances for expressing their car experience. This analysis resulted in 71 categories of answers. For each category, one sentence was selected to serve as a survey-item. In an online platform, 538 respondents answered the survey. Data reliability, tested with Cronbach alpha index, was 0.94, suggesting a survey with highly reliable results to measure drivers' appraisals of their cars.
authors.affiliation: Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos (Unisinos), Avenida Luiz Manoel Gonzaga, 744, Porto Alegre, CEP 90470-280, Brazil; Zooma - Consumer Experience, Av. Carlos Gomes, 1610/704, Porto Alegre, CEP 90480-002, Brazil. Electronic address: ltonetto@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Leandro Miletto
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Tonetto
authors.affiliation: Department of Industrial Design, Delft University of Technology, Landbergstraat 15, 2628 CE, Delft, The Netherlands. Electronic address: P.M.A.Desmet@tudelft.nl.
authors.forename: Pieter M A
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Desmet
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001336:Automobiles; D004867:Equipment Design; D005260:Female; D006252:Hate; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D008149:Love; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D036301:Qualitative Research; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Appraisal theory; Car industry; Design and emotion; Survey development; User experience