title: An In Vitro Investigation of Veneered Zirconia-Based Restorations Shade Reproducibility.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the effects of the veneering technique on the shade reproducibility of zirconia-based crowns.
  
  
  METHODS
  An artificial tooth was prepared with a 1.2 mm heavy chamfer finish line and 8° taper. The prepared tooth was scanned using CAD/CAM technology to fabricate 45 cobalt chromium (CoCr) testing dies. One CoCr die was scanned, and 45 zirconia copings were milled and devided according to the veneering technique into 3 groups of 15 specimens each: layering veneering (LV) using Vita Vm9, overpressing veneering (OV) using Vita Pm9, and digital veneering (DV) using Vita Triluxe forte. All veneering layers had the same shade (A2). The specimens were cemented onto the testing dies using glass inomer cement. A spectrophotometer was used to measure the shade coordinates (L, C, h, a, b) for a Vita A2 shade tab and for each specimen. Both the CIE Lab (ΔEab) and the CIE DE2000 (ΔE00) color difference formulas were applied to compare the shade tab and the study groups. One-way ANOVA and multiple comparison Bonferroni tests were applied for statistical analysis of the results.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Means and standard deviations (SDs) of ΔEabwere 2.3 ± 1.3 for LV, 3.5 ± 0.8 for OV, and 4.0 ± 0.7 for DV. Means and SDs of ΔE00were 1.4 ± 0.8 for LV, 2.1 ± 0.5 for OV, and 3.1 ± 0.4 for DV. ΔEabof LV group was significantly lower (p < 0.05) than both OV and DV groups, whereas the difference in ΔEabbetween OV and DV groups was not significant (p = 0.39). The differences in ΔE00between all groups were significant (p < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  LV group was superior to other groups in terms of shade reproducibility. The ΔEaband the ΔE00values of LV and OV groups were within clinically acceptable ranges; however, the ΔEaband the ΔE00values of group DV were beyond the clinically acceptable ranges. The ΔE00formula demonstrated a statistically significant difference between OV and the DV groups, while the ΔEabformula did not. The zirconia veneering technique had a significant influence on the shade reproducibility of zirconia-based crowns.
authors.affiliation: Professor of Fixed Prosthodontics, Aesthetic Dentistry and Dental Implants, Faculty of Dentistry - Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan.
authors.forename: Ahed
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Al-Wahadni
authors.affiliation: Private practice in prosthodontics, Amman, Jordan.
authors.forename: Ahmad
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shahin
authors.affiliation: Clinical Professor of Prosthodontics, Director-Division of Maxillofacial Prosthetics, Stony Brook University School of Dental Medicine, Stony Brook, NY.
authors.forename: Kenneth S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Kurtz
mesh_terms: D003442:Crowns; D003764:Dental Materials; D017267:Dental Prosthesis Design; D003801:Dental Veneers; D008422:Materials Testing; D010865:Pilot Projects; D017797:Prosthesis Coloring / Q000379:methods*; D015040:Zirconium
chemical_list: D003764:Dental Materials; D015040:Zirconium; C028541:zirconium oxide
keywords: Zirconia; digital; layering; pressing; reproducibility; shade; veneering