title: Sepsis in preterm infants causes alterations in mucosal gene expression and microbiota profiles compared to non-septic twins.
abstract: Sepsis is a life-threatening condition in preterm infants. Neonatal microbiota plays a pivotal role in the immune system maturation. Changes in gut microbiota have been associated to inflammatory disorders; however, a link with sepsis in the neonatal period has not yet been established. We aimed to analyze gut microbiota and mucosal gene expression using non-invasively obtained samples to provide with an integrative perspective of host-microbe interactions in neonatal sepsis. For this purpose, a prospective observational case-control study was conducted in septic preterm dizygotic twins and their non-septic twin controls. Fecal samples were used for both microbiota analysis and host genome-wide expression using exfoliated intestinal cells. Gene expression of exfoliated intestinal cells in septic preterm showed an induction of inflammatory and oxidative stress pathways in the gut and pro-oxidant profile that caused dysbiosis in the gut microbiota with predominance of Enterobacteria and reduction of Bacteroides and Bifidobacterium spp.in fecal samples, leading to a global reduction of beneficial anaerobic bacteria. Sepsis in preterm infants induced low-grade inflammation and oxidative stress in the gut mucosa, and also changes in the gut microbiota. This study highlights the role of inflammation and oxidative stress in neonatal sepsis on gut microbial profiles.
authors.affiliation: Health Research Institute (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria) Hospital La Fe, Av. Fernando Abril Martorell 106; 46026 Valencia, Spain.|Division of Neonatology. University &Polytechnic Hospital La Fe, Avda. Fernando Abril Martorell 106; 46026 Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: María
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cernada
authors.affiliation: Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, Spanish National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Department of Biotechnology. Av. Agustin Escardino 7, 46980 Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bäuerl
authors.affiliation: Central Research Unit-INCLIVA, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Serna
authors.affiliation: Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, Spanish National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Department of Biotechnology. Av. Agustin Escardino 7, 46980 Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: Maria Carmen
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Collado
authors.affiliation: Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, Spanish National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Department of Biotechnology. Av. Agustin Escardino 7, 46980 Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: Gaspar Pérez
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Martínez
authors.affiliation: Health Research Institute (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria) Hospital La Fe, Av. Fernando Abril Martorell 106; 46026 Valencia, Spain.|Central Research Unit-INCLIVA, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Spain.|Spanish Maternal and Child Health and Development Network Retics Red SAMID, Health Research Institute Carlos III, Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, Sinesio Delgado 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Máximo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vento
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers; D019295:Computational Biology / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D000069196:Gastrointestinal Microbiome; D015870:Gene Expression; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature; D008297:Male; D054892:Metagenome; D056186:Metagenomics / Q000379:methods; D064307:Microbiota; D008954:Models, Biological; D058977:Molecular Sequence Annotation; D009092:Mucous Membrane / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000473:pathology; D018805:Sepsis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D059467:Transcriptome
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers