title: The use of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry/combustion/isotope ratio mass spectrometry to demonstrate progesterone treatment in bovines.
abstract: Currently, no analytical method is available to demonstrate progesterone administration in biological samples collected in rearing animals, and therefore, tracking the abuse of this popular growth promoter is arduous. In this study, a method is presented to reveal progesterone (PG) treatment on the basis of carbon isotope measurement of 5β-pregnane-3α, 20α-diol (BAA-PD), a major PG metabolite excreted in bovine urine, by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry/combustion/isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GC-MS/C/IRMS). 5-Androstene-3β,17α-diol (AEdiol) is used as endogenous reference compound. Intermediate precisions (n=11) of 0.56‰ and 0.68‰ have been determined for AEdiol and BAA-PD, respectively. The analytical method was used for the very first time to successfully differentiate urine samples collected in treated and untreated animals.
authors.affiliation: Federal Agency for the Safety of the Food Chain, Directorate General Laboratories, Kruidtuinlaan 55, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium; Department of Sustainable Organic Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. Electronic address: geert.janssens@favv.be.
authors.forename: Geert
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Janssens
authors.affiliation: Department of Sustainable Organic Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.
authors.forename: Sven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mangelinckx
authors.affiliation: Federal Agency for the Safety of the Food Chain, Directorate General Laboratories, Kruidtuinlaan 55, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium.
authors.forename: Dirk
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Courtheyn
authors.affiliation: Department of Sustainable Organic Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.
authors.forename: Norbert
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: De Kimpe
authors.affiliation: Federal Agency for the Safety of the Food Chain, Directorate General Laboratories, Kruidtuinlaan 55, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium.
authors.forename: Bert
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Matthijs
authors.affiliation: LUNAM Université, Oniris, Laboratoire d'Etude des Résidus et Contaminants dans les Aliments (LABERCA), F-44307 Nantes, France.
authors.forename: Bruno
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Le Bizec
mesh_terms: D045930:Anabolic Agents / Q000652:urine*; D000818:Animals; D002247:Carbon Isotopes; D002417:Cattle / Q000652:urine*; D005260:Female; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary; D011374:Progesterone / Q000652:urine*; D015813:Substance Abuse Detection / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary
chemical_list: D045930:Anabolic Agents; D002247:Carbon Isotopes; D011374:Progesterone
keywords: Bovine; Carbon isotope; Compound-specific isotope analysis; Food safety; Fraud; GC–MS/C/IRMS; Natural hormones; Progesterone; Steroids; Urine