title: Trends in Authorship Characteristics in The American Journal of Sports Medicine, 1994 to 2014.
abstract: Trends in author qualifications, the number of authors per article, and the internationalization of author groups in sports medicine journals have not been widely investigated.
  
  
  
  To examine trends in authorship characteristics in a single prominent sports medicine journal.
  
  
  
  Systematic review.
  
  
  
  Articles published in The American Journal of Sports Medicine (AJSM) in 1994, 2004, and 2014 were reviewed. For each article, the academic degree(s) of the first and last author, the total number of authors, the country of the author group, and academic institution status were recorded.
  
  
  
  A total of 708 articles met the inclusion criteria: 129 in 1994, 244 in 2004, and 335 in 2014. There were significant differences in the proportion of first authors with an MD degree (80% in 1994, 75% in 2004, 67% in 2014; P = .01), a dual MD/PhD degree (4.7% in 1994, 6.2% in 2004, 9.3% in 2014; P < .001), and a bachelor's degree (0% in 1994, 0% in 2004, 3.9% in 2014; P < .001). The proportion of last authors with an MD/PhD significantly increased over the 2 decades studied (7% in 1994, 13% in 2004, 17% in 2014; P = .01). The mean number of authors per article also significantly increased (3.8 in 1994, 4.3 in 2004, 5.8 in 2014; P < .0001). The proportion of articles published by an international group and the proportion of articles published by an academic institution increased over the 20-year span as well (both P < .0001).
  
  
  
  Within the past 2 decades, there has been a significant increase in the average number of authors per article in AJSM, as well as a higher proportion of international groups and academic institutions publishing in the journal. More nonphysicians are publishing in AJSM, with a significantly higher percentage of first authors with a bachelor's degree as their highest degree. This is likely due to a combination of a general increased interest in research as well as increased competition among medical students. These factors have likely led to larger research groups and thus a significantly higher average number of authors per article.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA john.schrock@ucdenver.edu.
authors.forename: John B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Schrock
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA.
authors.forename: Matthew J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Kraeutler
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA.
authors.forename: Eric C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: McCarty
mesh_terms: D001319:Authorship; D011643:Publishing / Q000639:trends*; D013178:Sports Medicine; D014481:United States
keywords: The American Journal of Sports Medicine; authorship; international; sports medicine