title: Ginsenoside Rh2 inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis in human leukemia cells via TNF-α signaling pathway.
abstract: Ginsenoside Rh2, a triterpene saponin extracted from Panax ginseng, exhibits pharmacological activity against multiple cancers. However, the anticancer mechanism of ginsenoside Rh2 is unclear. In this study, we found that ginsenoside Rh2 effectively inhibits growth and induces apoptosis of HL-60 cells. Using microarray technology, we found that tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) is clearly up-regulated. Furthermore, anti-TNF-α antibody relieved the Rh2-induced HL-60 cell apoptosis via suppression of caspase-8, caspase-9, and caspase-3 activation. In addition, TNF-α up-regulation was also observed in other Rh2-treated cancer cell lines. These results demonstrate that TNF-α plays a key role in ginsenoside Rh2-induced cell apoptosis.
authors.affiliation: Molecular Biology Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China.
authors.forename: Jingjia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Molecular Biology Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China.
authors.forename: Kunjian
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.affiliation: Molecular Biology Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China.
authors.forename: Linghao
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Molecular Biology Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China.
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wen
authors.affiliation: Molecular Biology Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China.
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Molecular Biology Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China.
authors.forename: Tiao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.affiliation: Molecular Biology Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China.
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Su
authors.affiliation: Molecular Biology Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China.
authors.forename: Jijia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Molecular Biology Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China luozhiyong@csu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Zhiyong
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Luo
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D020169:Caspases / Q000378:metabolism; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects*; D016193:G1 Phase / Q000187:drug effects; D036145:Ginsenosides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018922:HL-60 Cells; D006801:Humans; D007938:Leukemia / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D036145:Ginsenosides; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; C055305:ginsenoside Rh2; D020169:Caspases
keywords: apoptosis; ginsenoside Rh2; microarray; tumor necrosis factor-α