title: Lethal and sublethal effects of seven insecticides on three beneficial insects in laboratory assays and field trials.
abstract: Lethal and sublethal effects of insecticides on target and non-target arthropods are a concern of pest management programs. Cycloneda sanguinea, Orius insidiosus and Chauliognathus flavipes are important biological control agents for aphids, whiteﬂy, lepidopterus eggs, thrips and mites. All three test species were subjected to a toxicity study using the insecticides acephate, bifenthrin, chlorantraniliprole, chlorpyrifos, deltamethrin, imidacloprid, and thiamethoxam. Experiments were done in the lab and field. In the laboratory we evaluated the mortality and sublethal effects of the concentration that killed 20% of the population (LC20) on feeding, repellence and reproduction of the species tested. The lethal effects of these insecticides at the recommended doses was evaluated in the field. Concentration-response bioassays indicated chlorantraniliprole had the lowest toxicity, while chlorpyrifos and acephate were the most toxic. Test species exposed to filter paper surfaces treated with pyrethroids, neonicotinoids and organophosphates were repelled. On the other hand, test species were not repelled from surfaces treated with chlorantraniliprole. Chlorantraniliprole therefore seemed to be the least dangerous insecticide for these three beneficial arthropod test species.
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Campus Rio Paranaíba, Instituto de Ciências Agrárias, Rio Paranaíba, MG 38810-000, Brazil.
authors.forename: Maria E S
authors.initials: MES
authors.lastname: Fernandes
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Campus Viçosa, Departamento de Fitotecnia, Viçosa, MG 36570-000, Brazil.
authors.forename: Flávia M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Alves
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Campus Viçosa, Agroecologia, Viçosa, MG 36570-000, Brazil.
authors.forename: Renata C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Pereira
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Campus Rio Paranaíba, Instituto de Ciências Agrárias, Rio Paranaíba, MG 38810-000, Brazil.
authors.forename: Leonardo A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Aquino
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Campus Rio Paranaíba, Instituto de Ciências Agrárias, Rio Paranaíba, MG 38810-000, Brazil. Electronic address: flaviofernandes@ufv.br.
authors.forename: Flávio L
authors.initials: FL
authors.lastname: Fernandes
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Campus Viçosa, Departamento de Entomologia, Viçosa, MG 36570-000, Brazil.
authors.forename: José C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Zanuncio
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D061046:Biological Control Agents; D004390:Chlorpyrifos / Q000633:toxicity; D001517:Coleoptera / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D005247:Feeding Behavior / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D020062:Heteroptera / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000633:toxicity; D007306:Insecticides / Q000633:toxicity*; D008297:Male; D000073943:Neonicotinoids; D009570:Nitriles / Q000633:toxicity; D009574:Nitro Compounds / Q000633:toxicity; D009946:Organothiophosphorus Compounds / Q000633:toxicity; D010078:Oxazines / Q000633:toxicity; D063088:Phosphoramides / Q000633:toxicity; D011722:Pyrethrins / Q000633:toxicity; D012098:Reproduction / Q000187:drug effects; D000077922:Thiamethoxam; D013844:Thiazoles / Q000633:toxicity; D062367:ortho-Aminobenzoates / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D061046:Biological Control Agents; D007093:Imidazoles; D007306:Insecticides; D000073943:Neonicotinoids; D009570:Nitriles; D009574:Nitro Compounds; D009946:Organothiophosphorus Compounds; D010078:Oxazines; D063088:Phosphoramides; D011722:Pyrethrins; D013844:Thiazoles; D062367:ortho-Aminobenzoates; C017180:decamethrin; C082359:imidacloprid; C001969:acephate; C517733:chlorantranilipole; C099952:bifenthrin; D000077922:Thiamethoxam; D004390:Chlorpyrifos
keywords: Agroecosystems; Ecotoxicology; Natural enemies; Pesticides; Toxicity