title: Occurrence of Polyphenols, Organic Acids, and Sugars among Diverse Elderberry Genotypes Grown in Three Missouri (USA) Locations.
abstract: Elderberry (Sambucusspp.) is an emerging horticultural crop used in a variety of foods, wines, and dietary supplements. A better understanding of the elderberry juice complex including its putative health-promoting compounds in relation to genetic and environmental parameters is needed. A multi-location planting of nine elderberry genotypes was established in 2008 at three geographically-diverse sites in Missouri, USA. Fruits were harvested from replicated plots 2009-2011, frozen, and later prepared for laboratory analysis. Polyphenols, organic acids, and sugars were quantified by HPLC and the results evaluated for response to genotype, site, and year. The American genotypes 'Ocoee' and 'Ozark' were consistently higher in chlorogenic acids compared to other genotypes, whereas 'Ocoee' was significantly higher in rutin than 'Ozark'. The European 'Marge' was significantly higher in isoquercitrin and other flavonoids compared to most North American genotypes. Significant differences in polyphenols were also detected among sites and production years. Malic, citric, and tartaric acids varied significantly among genotypes, sites, and years, whereas succinic, shikimic, and fumaric acids generally did not. Levels of lactic, acetic, and propionic acids were negligible in most samples. The American genotype 'Ocoee' was higher in citric and tartaric acids, while lower in malic acid. The sugars glucose and fructose also responded significantly to genotype, site, and year. 'Ocoee', 'Ozark', and 'Marge' perform very well in Missouri horticulturally and appear to have additional potential as cultivars based on their unique juice characteristics.
authors.affiliation: University of Missouri, Southwest Research Center, Mt. Vernon, Missouri, USA.
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.affiliation: University of Missouri, Cooperative Extension Service, Springfield, Missouri, USA.
authors.forename: P L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Byers
authors.affiliation: North Carolina A & T State University, Greensboro, North Carolina, USA.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.affiliation: Missouri State University, State Fruit Experiment Station, Mountain Grove, Missouri, USA.
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Avery
authors.affiliation: Missouri State University, State Fruit Experiment Station, Mountain Grove, Missouri, USA.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kaps
authors.affiliation: University of Missouri, Department of Food Science, Columbia, Missouri, USA.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Datta
authors.affiliation: University of Missouri, Department of Food Science, Columbia, Missouri, USA.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Fernando
authors.affiliation: University of Missouri, Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory, Columbia, Missouri, USA.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Grossi
authors.affiliation: University of Missouri, Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory, Columbia, Missouri, USA.
authors.forename: G E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Rottinghaus
keywords: Sambucus; antioxidant; dietary supplement; flavonol glycoside; fruit