title: Current practices in the diagnosis and management of gestational diabetes mellitus in India (WINGS-5).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To obtain information on existing practices in the diagnosis and management of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) among physicians/diabetologists/endocrinologists and obstetricians/gynecologists (OB/GYNs) in India.
  
  
  METHODS
  Details regarding diagnostic criteria used, screening methods, management strategies, and the postpartum follow-up of GDM were obtained from physicians/diabetologists/endocrinologists and OB/GYNs across 24 states of India using online/in-person surveys using a structured questionnaire.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 3841 doctors participated in the survey of whom 68.6% worked in private clinics. Majority of OB/GYNs (84.9%) preferred universal screening for GDM, and screening in the first trimester was performed by 67% of them. Among the OB/GYNs, 600 (36.7%) reported using the nonfasting 2 h criteria for diagnosing GDM whereas 560 (29.4%) of the diabetologists/endocrinologists reported using the same. However, further questioning on the type of blood sample collected and the glucose load used revealed that, in reality, only 208 (12.7%) and 72 (3.8%), respectively, used these criteria properly. The survey also revealed that the International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups criteria was followed properly by 299 (18.3%) of OB/GYNs and 376 (19.7%) of physicians/diabetologists/endocrinologists. Postpartum oral glucose tolerance testing was advised by 56% of diabetologists and 71.6% of OB/GYNs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  More than half of the physicians/diabetologists/endocrinologists and OB/GYNs in India do not follow any of the recommended guidelines for the diagnosis of GDM. This emphasizes the need for increased awareness about screening and diagnosis of GDM both among physicians/diabetologists/endocrinologists and OB/GYNs in India.
authors.affiliation: Dr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialities Centre, World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Non Communicable Diseases Prevention and Control, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: Manni Mohanraj
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Mahalakshmi
authors.affiliation: Dr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialities Centre, World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Non Communicable Diseases Prevention and Control, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: Balaji
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bhavadharini
authors.affiliation: Dr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialities Centre, World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Non Communicable Diseases Prevention and Control, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: Kumar
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Maheswari
authors.affiliation: Dr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialities Centre, World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Non Communicable Diseases Prevention and Control, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: Ranjit Mohan
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Anjana
authors.affiliation: Dr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialities Centre, World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Non Communicable Diseases Prevention and Control, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: Saravanan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jebarani
authors.affiliation: Department of Policy and Programmes, International Diabetes Federation, Brussels, Belgium.
authors.forename: Lyudmil
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ninov
authors.affiliation: Department of Policy and Programmes, International Diabetes Federation, Brussels, Belgium.
authors.forename: Arivudainambi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kayal
authors.affiliation: Department of Policy and Programmes, International Diabetes Federation, Brussels, Belgium.
authors.forename: Belma
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Malanda
authors.affiliation: Department of Policy and Programmes, International Diabetes Federation, Brussels, Belgium.
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Belton
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seethapathy Clinic and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: Ram
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Uma
authors.affiliation: Dr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialities Centre, World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Non Communicable Diseases Prevention and Control, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: Viswanathan
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Mohan
authors.affiliation: Dr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialities Centre, World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Non Communicable Diseases Prevention and Control, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: Ranjit
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Unnikrishnan
keywords: Asian Indians; International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups; South Asians; World Health Organization; gestational diabetes mellitus