title: Quantitative Estimation of Tissue Blood Flow Rate.
abstract: The rate of blood flow through a tissue (F) is a critical parameter for assessing the functional efficiency of a blood vessel network following angiogenesis. This chapter aims to provide the principles behind the estimation of F, how F relates to other commonly used measures of tissue perfusion, and a practical approach for estimating F in laboratory animals, using small readily diffusible and metabolically inert radio-tracers. The methods described require relatively nonspecialized equipment. However, the analytical descriptions apply equally to complementary techniques involving more sophisticated noninvasive imaging.Two techniques are described for the quantitative estimation of F based on measuring the rate of tissue uptake following intravenous administration of radioactive iodo-antipyrine (or other suitable tracer). The Tissue Equilibration Technique is the classical approach and the Indicator Fractionation Technique, which is simpler to perform, is a practical alternative in many cases. The experimental procedures and analytical methods for both techniques are given, as well as guidelines for choosing the most appropriate method.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield Medical School, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield, S10 2RX, UK. g.tozer@sheffield.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Gillian M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Tozer
authors.affiliation: Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7AE, UK.
authors.forename: Vivien E
authors.initials: VE
authors.lastname: Prise
authors.affiliation: Aberdeen Biomedical Imaging Centre, School of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB252ZD, UK.
authors.forename: Vincent J
authors.initials: VJ
authors.lastname: Cunningham
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000983:Antipyrine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D001681:Biological Assay / Q000379:methods*; D001775:Blood Circulation; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity; D000069416:Intravital Microscopy; D051379:Mice; D018919:Neovascularization, Physiologic; D046509:Tissue Culture Techniques
chemical_list: D000983:Antipyrine
keywords: Backflux; Blood flow rate; Cannulation; Distribution volume; Indicator fractionation; Iodo-antipyrine; Partition coefficient; Radiotracer; Tissue equilibration