title: Histological Benefits of Sealants in Tracheal Lesions in Wistar Rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The purpose of our study was to compare the effect, on the inflammatory response and fibrosis formation, of four commercially available sealant products applied on an injured trachea in a Wistar rat population.
  
  
  METHODS
  We compared four different sealants: cyanoacrylate, fibrin/thrombin, albumin/glutaraldehyde, and polyethylene glycol-based hydrogel (PEG). Rats were organized into six groups of similar size. Four of them were experimental, one was a baseline control group (BCG), and the sixth one was a reference control group (RCG). The RCG and experimental groups underwent the same surgical intervention with tracheal puncture, but no sealant was applied in the RCG. The BCG underwent the same cervical and peritracheal dissection without tracheal puncture. Rats were euthanized after eight weeks.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The operation was performed on 54 rats, of which 12 died, leaving a final sample of 42 rats. Macroscopic analysis revealed no superficial tracheal or vascular fistulas, nor signs of local abscess. Although the groups treated with cyanoacrylate, fibrin/thrombin, and albumin/glutaraldehyde showed some degree of fibrosis, the treated area of the PEG group showed neither inflammatory nor scar signs. Microscopic assessment of the BCG and RCG showed no remarkable findings. With the exception of the PEG group, which had a light fibrosis and poor inflammatory response as did the BCG and RCG groups, the other groups showed varying degrees of fibrosis and cicatrization.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study showed that the group treated with PEG had a mild inflammatory and fibrotic response, which is useful in tracheal or tracheobronchial surgical procedures. However, groups treated with cyanoacrylate, fibrin/thrombin, and albumin/glutaraldehyde showed fibrosis and cicatrization.
authors.affiliation: Hospital General Universitario de Alicante, Alicante, Spain, Faculty of Medicine Universidad Miguel Hernández, Elche (Alicante), Spain.
authors.forename: Luis Jorge
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Cerezal-Garrido
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell Biology, Histology, and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain.
authors.forename: Javier
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Agudo-Bernal
authors.affiliation: Experimental Techniques, Laboratory of Surgical Research and Experimental Techniques, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain.
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Vaquero-Puerta
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D019616:Thoracic Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects; D014014:Tissue Adhesives / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D014132:Trachea / Q000293:injuries* / Q000473:pathology*; D014133:Tracheal Diseases / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D014014:Tissue Adhesives