title: High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with Diode Array Detector and Electrospray Ionization Ion Trap Time-of-Flight Tandem Mass Spectrometry to Evaluate Ginseng Roots and Rhizomes from Different Regions.
abstract: Ginseng, Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer, is an industrial crop in China and Korea. The functional components in ginseng roots and rhizomes are characteristic ginsenosides. This work developed a new high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization ion trap time-of-flight multistage mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-IT-TOF-MS(n)) method to identify the triterpenoids. Sixty compounds (1-60) including 58 triterpenoids were identified from the ginseng cultivated in China. Substances 1, 2, 7, 15-20, 35, 39, 45-47, 49, 55-57, 59, and 60 were identified for the first time. To evaluate the quality of ginseng cultivated in Northeast China, this paper developed a practical liquid chromatography-diode array detection (LC-DAD) method to simultaneously quantify 14 interesting ginsenosides in ginseng collected from 66 different producing areas for the first time. The results showed the quality of ginseng roots and rhizomes from different sources was different due to growing environment, cultivation technology, and so on. The developed LC-ESI-IT-TOF-MS(n) method can be used to identify many more ginsenosides and the LC-DAD method can be used not only to assess the quality of ginseng, but also to optimize the cultivation conditions for the production of ginsenosides.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Natural Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Peking University, No. 38, Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China. sungirl9626@163.com.
authors.forename: Hong-Ping
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Natural Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Peking University, No. 38, Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China. zybo5288@163.com.
authors.forename: You-Bo
authors.initials: YB
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Natural Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Peking University, No. 38, Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China. xwyang@bjmu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Xiu-Wei
authors.initials: XW
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Natural Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Peking University, No. 38, Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China. xbyang0718@163.com.
authors.forename: Xin-Bao
authors.initials: XB
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Natural Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Peking University, No. 38, Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China. high-xu@163.com.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Natural Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Peking University, No. 38, Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China. xufeng_pharm@163.com.
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Natural Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Peking University, No. 38, Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China. sqcai@bjmu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Shao-Qing
authors.initials: SQ
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.affiliation: Institute of Special Wild Economic Animals and Plants Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130112, China. yingpingw@yeah.net.
authors.forename: Ying-Ping
authors.initials: YP
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China. xuyonghua777@yeah.net.
authors.forename: Yong-Hua
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China. zlx863@163.com.
authors.forename: Lian-Xue
authors.initials: LX
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D002681:China; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D036145:Ginsenosides / Q000737:chemistry*; D015394:Molecular Structure; D005894:Panax / Q000737:chemistry / Q000254:growth & development*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000737:chemistry; D056910:Republic of Korea; D027343:Rhizome / Q000737:chemistry; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization / Q000379:methods*; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D036145:Ginsenosides; D010936:Plant Extracts
keywords: Panax ginseng; chemical substances; ginsenosides; mass spectrometry