title: HIV-1 Nef: Taking Control of Protein Trafficking.
abstract: The Nef protein of the human immunodeficiency virus is a crucial determinant of viral pathogenesis and disease progression. Nef is abundantly expressed early in infection and is thought to optimize the cellular environment for viral replication. Nef controls expression levels of various cell surface molecules that play important roles in immunity and virus life cycle, by directly interfering with the itinerary of these proteins within the endocytic and late secretory pathways. To exert these functions, Nef physically interacts with host proteins that regulate protein trafficking. In recent years, considerable progress was made in identifying host-cell-interacting partners for Nef, and the molecular machinery used by Nef to interfere with protein trafficking has started to be unraveled. Here, we briefly review the knowledge gained and discuss new findings regarding the mechanisms by which Nef modifies the intracellular trafficking pathways to prevent antigen presentation, facilitate viral particle release and enhance the infectivity of HIV-1 virions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Estela A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Pereira
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Luis L P
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: daSilva
mesh_terms: D015536:Down-Regulation; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000821:virology*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000472:pathogenicity; D006801:Humans; D008247:Lysosomes / Q000821:virology; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D011485:Protein Binding; D021381:Protein Transport; D014774:Virulence; D014779:Virus Replication; D054311:nef Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D008565:Membrane Proteins; D054311:nef Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus; C514837:nef protein, Human immunodeficiency virus 1
keywords: CD4; HIV-1; MHC-I; Nef; SERINC3/5; clathrin adaptors; intracellular trafficking; lysosome; multivesicular body; tetherin