title: Polycystic ovary syndrome: Endometrial markers.
abstract: Women with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) present with several endometrial abnormalities possibly explaining some of the adverse endometrium-related outcomes in these women. PCOS and an increased miscarriage rate have been suggested to coincide, but the results are conflicting. Recent studies have also shown increased risks of pregnancy-induced hypertension, preeclampsia, and premature delivery that may be related to altered decidualization/placentation in affected women. In the long run, PCOS per se is associated with the occurrence of endometrial cancer (EC), with obesity aggravating the risk. Most investigated markers of the endometrial abnormalities in women with PCOS are related to steroid hormone action (ERs (estrogen receptors), PRs (progesterone receptors), ARs (androgen receptors), and steroid receptor coactivators), endometrial receptivity/decidualization (HOXA10, αvβ3 integrin, and IGFBP-1 (insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 1)), glucose metabolism (IRs (insulin receptors), glucose transporters, IGFs) and inflammation/immune cell migration ((IL-6 (interleukin 6), CCL2 (CC motif ligand), and uNK (uterine natural killer) cells). Despite several endometrial abnormalities in women with PCOS, the clinical relevance of these findings still awaits future clarification; to date, no common screening protocols/recommendations for women with PCOS have been established.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Researcher for the Finnish Medical Foundation, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, PEDEGO Research Unit, Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Kajaanintie 50, BOX 5000, 90014 Oulu, Finland. Electronic address: terhi.piltonen@oulu.fi.
authors.forename: Terhi T
authors.initials: TT
authors.lastname: Piltonen
mesh_terms: D000022:Abortion, Spontaneous / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000378:metabolism; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000378:metabolism; D018932:Chemokine CCL2 / Q000378:metabolism; D010064:Embryo Implantation; D016889:Endometrial Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000378:metabolism*; D004717:Endometrium / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D051246:Glucose Transport Proteins, Facilitative / Q000378:metabolism; D000080905:Homeobox A10 Proteins; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D046110:Hypertension, Pregnancy-Induced / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000378:metabolism; D018970:Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 1 / Q000378:metabolism; D039302:Integrin alphaVbeta3 / Q000378:metabolism; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism; D007694:Killer Cells, Natural; D056918:Nuclear Receptor Coactivators / Q000378:metabolism; D009765:Obesity / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000378:metabolism; D011085:Polycystic Ovary Syndrome / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000378:metabolism*; D011225:Pre-Eclampsia / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000378:metabolism; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000378:metabolism*; D047928:Premature Birth / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000378:metabolism; D011972:Receptor, Insulin / Q000378:metabolism; D011944:Receptors, Androgen / Q000378:metabolism; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen / Q000378:metabolism; D011980:Receptors, Progesterone / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; C111835:CCL2 protein, human; D018932:Chemokine CCL2; D051246:Glucose Transport Proteins, Facilitative; D000080905:Homeobox A10 Proteins; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; C032231:IGFBP1 protein, human; C508600:IL6 protein, human; D018970:Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 1; D039302:Integrin alphaVbeta3; D015850:Interleukin-6; D056918:Nuclear Receptor Coactivators; D011944:Receptors, Androgen; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen; D011980:Receptors, Progesterone; C069634:HOXA10 protein, human; C435941:INSR protein, human; D011972:Receptor, Insulin
keywords: PCOS; endometrial cancer; endometrium; hyperinsulinemia; inflammation; pregnancy complications