title: Polystyrene latex particles containing europium complexes prepared by miniemulsion polymerization using bovine serum albumin as a surfactant for biochemical diagnosis.
abstract: Luminescent particles have been attracting significant attention because they can be used in biochemical applications, such as detecting and imaging biomolecules. In this study, luminescent polystyrene latex particles were prepared through miniemulsion polymerization of styrene with dissolved europium complexes in the presence of bovine serum albumin (BSA) and poly(ethylene glycol) monomethoxy methacrylate as surfactants. The solubility of the europium complex in styrene has a strong effect on the yield of the particle. Europium tris(2-thenoyl trifluoroacetonate) di(tri-n-octyl phosphine oxide), which has a high solubility in styrene, was sufficiently incorporated into the polystyrene particles compared to europium tris(2-thenoyl trifluoroacetonate), which has a low solubility in styrene. The luminescence property of the europium complex could remain intact even after its incorporation through the miniemulsion polymerization. In the aqueous dispersion, the resulting particles could emit strong luminescence, which is a characteristic of the europium complex. The antibody fragments were covalently attached to BSA-covered particles after a reaction with a bifunctional linker, N-(6-maleimidocaproyloxy)succinimide. The time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay technique showed that 3.3pg/mL of human α-fetoproteins (AFP) can be detected by using the resulting luminescent particles. An immunochromatographic assay using the resulting particles was also performed as a convenient method to qualitatively detect biomolecules. The detection limit of AFP measured by the immunochromatographic assay was determined to be 2000pg/mL. These results revealed that the luminescent particles obtained in this study can be utilized for the highly sensitive detection of biomolecules and in vitro biochemical diagnosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan.
authors.forename: Tatsuo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Aikawa
authors.affiliation: Division of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan.
authors.forename: Akihiro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mizuno
authors.affiliation: Division of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan.
authors.forename: Michinari
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kohri
authors.affiliation: Division of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan. Electronic address: taniguchi@faculty.chiba-u.jp.
authors.forename: Tatsuo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Taniguchi
authors.affiliation: Division of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan.
authors.forename: Keiki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kishikawa
authors.affiliation: Division of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan.
authors.forename: Takayuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakahira
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D005063:Europium / Q000737:chemistry*; D007118:Immunoassay; D011137:Polystyrenes / Q000737:chemistry*; D012710:Serum Albumin, Bovine / Q000737:chemistry; D013501:Surface-Active Agents / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D011137:Polystyrenes; D013501:Surface-Active Agents; D012710:Serum Albumin, Bovine; D005063:Europium
keywords: Antibody fragments; Bovine serum albumin; Europium complexes; Immunoassay; Luminescent polymer latex particles; Miniemulsion polymerization