title: Applications of de-oiled microalgal biomass towards development of sustainable biorefinery.
abstract: In view of commercialization of microalgal biofuel, the de-oiled microalgal biomass (DMB) is a surplus by-product in the biorefinery process that needs to be exploited to make the process economically attractive and feasible. This DMB, rich in carbohydrates, proteins, and minerals, can be used as feed, fertilizer, and substrate for the production of bioethanol/bio-methane. Further, thermo-chemical conversion of DMB results into fuels and industrially important chemicals. Future prospects of DMB also lie with its conversion into novel biomaterials like nanoparticles and carbon-dot which have biomedical importance. The lowest valued application of DMB is to use it for adsorption of dyes and heavy metals from industrial effluents. This study reviews how DMB can be utilized for different applications and in the generation of valuable co-products. The value addition of DMB would thereby improve the overall cost economics of the microalgal bio-refinery.
authors.affiliation: Division of Salt & Marine Chemicals, CSIR - Central Salt & Marine Chemicals Research Institute, G B Marg, Bhavnagar 364002, Gujarat, India; Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR - Central Salt & Marine Chemicals Research Institute, G B Marg, Bhavnagar 364002, Gujarat, India.
authors.forename: Rahulkumar
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Maurya
authors.affiliation: Division of Salt & Marine Chemicals, CSIR - Central Salt & Marine Chemicals Research Institute, G B Marg, Bhavnagar 364002, Gujarat, India; Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR - Central Salt & Marine Chemicals Research Institute, G B Marg, Bhavnagar 364002, Gujarat, India.
authors.forename: Chetan
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Paliwal
authors.affiliation: Division of Salt & Marine Chemicals, CSIR - Central Salt & Marine Chemicals Research Institute, G B Marg, Bhavnagar 364002, Gujarat, India; Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR - Central Salt & Marine Chemicals Research Institute, G B Marg, Bhavnagar 364002, Gujarat, India.
authors.forename: Tonmoy
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ghosh
authors.affiliation: Division of Salt & Marine Chemicals, CSIR - Central Salt & Marine Chemicals Research Institute, G B Marg, Bhavnagar 364002, Gujarat, India; Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR - Central Salt & Marine Chemicals Research Institute, G B Marg, Bhavnagar 364002, Gujarat, India.
authors.forename: Imran
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Pancha
authors.affiliation: Division of Salt & Marine Chemicals, CSIR - Central Salt & Marine Chemicals Research Institute, G B Marg, Bhavnagar 364002, Gujarat, India; Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR - Central Salt & Marine Chemicals Research Institute, G B Marg, Bhavnagar 364002, Gujarat, India.
authors.forename: Kaumeel
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Chokshi
authors.affiliation: Division of Salt & Marine Chemicals, CSIR - Central Salt & Marine Chemicals Research Institute, G B Marg, Bhavnagar 364002, Gujarat, India; Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR - Central Salt & Marine Chemicals Research Institute, G B Marg, Bhavnagar 364002, Gujarat, India.
authors.forename: Madhusree
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mitra
authors.affiliation: Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR - Central Salt & Marine Chemicals Research Institute, G B Marg, Bhavnagar 364002, Gujarat, India; Division of Plant Omics, CSIR - Central Salt & Marine Chemicals Research Institute, G B Marg, Bhavnagar 364002, Gujarat, India.
authors.forename: Arup
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ghosh
authors.affiliation: Division of Salt & Marine Chemicals, CSIR - Central Salt & Marine Chemicals Research Institute, G B Marg, Bhavnagar 364002, Gujarat, India; Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR - Central Salt & Marine Chemicals Research Institute, G B Marg, Bhavnagar 364002, Gujarat, India. Electronic address: smishra@csmcri.org.
authors.forename: Sandhya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mishra
mesh_terms: D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry; D056804:Biofuels; D018533:Biomass; D001709:Biotechnology; D002241:Carbohydrates / Q000737:chemistry*; D002244:Carbon / Q000378:metabolism*; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000737:chemistry; D000431:Ethanol / Q000737:chemistry; D005285:Fermentation; D006859:Hydrogen / Q000737:chemistry; D006868:Hydrolysis; D008697:Methane / Q000737:chemistry; D058086:Microalgae / Q000378:metabolism*; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D056804:Biofuels; D002241:Carbohydrates; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D000431:Ethanol; D002244:Carbon; D006859:Hydrogen; D008697:Methane
keywords: Biomass residues; De-oiled microalgal biomass; Defatted; Microalgal biofuels; Spent