title: Effect of vitamin D supplementation, directly or via breast milk for term infants, on serum 25 hydroxyvitamin D and related biochemistry, and propensity to infection: a randomised placebo-controlled trial.
abstract: We assessed the effect of vitamin D supplementation on related biochemistry, infection and dentition of the infant. In a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial conducted in Lucknow, India (latitude 26°N), 230 mother -newborn pairs were randomised to receive, for 9 months, 3000µg/month oral vitamin D3 by the mother (group A) or 10µg/d by the infant (group B) or double placebo (group C). All babies received 15 min of sun exposure (unclothed) during massage. Infants' median 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) was lower in group C (median 45·3; interquartile range (IQR) 22-59·5 nmol/l) than in groups A (median 60·8; IQR 41·3-80·5 nmol/l (P7.5µkat/l) was significantly more frequent in group C babies (16 %) than in group A (4 %) or group B (0 %) babies. The number of days with respiratory or diarrhoeal infection by 9 months of age was higher in group C (median 46·5; IQR 14·8-73·3 d) than in group A (median 18·5; IQR 8·8-31·0 d (P<0·01)) or group B (median 13·0; IQR 7·0-28·5 (P<0·05)). We conclude that monthly maternal or daily infant supplementation with vitamin D along with sun exposure is superior to sun exposure alone in maintaining normal infant 25(OH)D at 3·5 months, and provide protection from elevated alkaline phosphatase and infectious morbidity.
authors.affiliation: 1Department of Endocrinology,Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences,Lucknow 226014,India.
authors.forename: David D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Chandy
authors.affiliation: 2Department of Pediatrics,Queen Mary's Hospital,King George's Medical University,Lucknow 226003,India.
authors.forename: Jahnavi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kare
authors.affiliation: 2Department of Pediatrics,Queen Mary's Hospital,King George's Medical University,Lucknow 226003,India.
authors.forename: Shakal N
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.affiliation: 3Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology,Queen Mary's Hospital,King George's Medical University,Lucknow 226003,India.
authors.forename: Anjoo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Agarwal
authors.affiliation: 3Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology,Queen Mary's Hospital,King George's Medical University,Lucknow 226003,India.
authors.forename: Vinita
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Das
authors.affiliation: 3Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology,Queen Mary's Hospital,King George's Medical University,Lucknow 226003,India.
authors.forename: Urmila
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.affiliation: 4Department of Clinical Chemistry,Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences,Lucknow 226014,India.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Ramesh
authors.affiliation: 1Department of Endocrinology,Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences,Lucknow 226014,India.
authors.forename: Vijayalakshmi
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Bhatia
mesh_terms: D002762:Cholecalciferol / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D041943:Infant Formula; D007227:Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena / Q000502:physiology; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007239:Infections / Q000209:etiology*; D007774:Lactation / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D039382:Maternal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena / Q000502:physiology; D008895:Milk, Human; D012307:Risk Factors; D013472:Sunlight; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D014807:Vitamin D; D002762:Cholecalciferol; C104450:25-hydroxyvitamin D
keywords: 25(OH)D 25-hydroxyvitamin D; IQR interquartile range; Infants; Lactation; PTH parathyroid hormone; Sunshine; Vitamin D