title: Effects of Low-Fat Diets Differing in Protein and Carbohydrate Content on Cardiometabolic Risk Factors during Weight Loss and Weight Maintenance in Obese Adults with Type 2 Diabetes.
abstract: Despite evidence for the benefits of higher-protein (HP) diets in weight loss, their role in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) management and weight maintenance is not clear. This randomised study compared the effects of a HP diet (38% carbohydrate, 30% protein, 29% fat) to a isocaloric higher-carbohydrate diet (HC: 53%:21%:23%) on cardiometabolic risk factors for 12 weeks in energy restriction (~30% reduction) followed by 12 weeks of energy balance whilst performing regular exercise. Outcomes were measured at baseline and the end of each phase. Sixty-one overweight/obese adults (BMI (body mass index) 34.3 ± 5.1 kg/m², aged 55 ± 8 years) with T2DM who commenced the study were included in the intention-to-treat analysis including the 17 participants (HP n = 9, HC n = 8) who withdrew. Following weight loss (M ± SEM: -7.8 ± 0.6 kg), there were significant reductions in HbA1c (-1.4% ± 0.1%, p < 0.001) and several cardiometabolic health risk factors. Improvements were sustained for 12 weeks when weight was stabilised and weight loss maintained. Both the HP and HC dietary patterns with concurrent exercise may be effective strategies for weight loss and weight maintenance in T2DM although further studies are needed to determine the longer term effects of weight maintenance.
authors.affiliation: Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, GPO Box 2471, Adelaide 5001, SA, Australia. nerylee.watson@mymail.unisa.edu.au.
authors.forename: Nerylee
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Watson
authors.affiliation: Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, GPO Box 2471, Adelaide 5001, SA, Australia. Kate.Dyer@unisa.edu.au.
authors.forename: Kathryn
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Dyer
authors.affiliation: Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, GPO Box 2471, Adelaide 5001, SA, Australia. Jon.Buckley@unisa.edu.au.
authors.forename: Jonathan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Buckley
authors.affiliation: Food and Nutrition, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, PO Box 10041, Adelaide 5000, SA, Australia. grant.brinkworth@csiro.au.
authors.forename: Grant
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Brinkworth
authors.affiliation: Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, GPO Box 2471, Adelaide 5001, SA, Australia. Alison.Coates@unisa.edu.au.
authors.forename: Alison
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Coates
authors.affiliation: Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, GPO Box 2471, Adelaide 5001, SA, Australia. Gaynor.Parfitt@unisa.edu.au.
authors.forename: Gaynor
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Parfitt
authors.affiliation: Clinical Nutrition Research Centre, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan 2308, NSW, Australia. Peter.Howe@newcastle.edu.au.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Howe
authors.affiliation: Food and Nutrition, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, PO Box 10041, Adelaide 5000, SA, Australia. manny.noakes@csiro.au.
authors.forename: Manny
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Noakes
authors.affiliation: Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, GPO Box 2471, Adelaide 5001, SA, Australia. Karen.Murphy@unisa.edu.au.
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Murphy
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000097:blood*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000178:diet therapy*; D018752:Diet, Fat-Restricted; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000032:analysis; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000178:diet therapy*; D015431:Weight Loss; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D004044:Dietary Proteins
keywords: cardiovascular disease risk; glycaemic; obesity; type 2 diabetes; weight loss; weight maintenance