title: Characterization of CC-531 as a Rat Model of Colorectal Liver Metastases.
abstract: Surgical resection of colorectal liver metastases is not achievable in more than 70% of the cases. Although the liver directed therapies have become a part of the stand of care, lack of a preclinical model impedes the assessment of toxicity and therapeutic benefits attributed several candidate drugs or treatment regimens that can be designed. In the present study we aim develop and characterize a rat colorectal liver metastasis model.
  
  
  
  Growth characteristics of CC-531 cells were determined in vitro followed by subcapsular liver implantation in syngeneic WAG/Rij rats. Tumor growth progression was followed over 3 weeks by ultrasound (US) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Growth characteristics were also assessed by histopathology and immunohistochemistry in harvested tumor tissues.
  
  
  
  The doubling time of CC-531 cells was found be under 24hrs and all the implanted rats grew tumors. US imaging showed hypoechoic masses and MRI showed contrast enhancement representing complex tumor microenvironments. Hematoxylin and Eosin staining confirmed tumor growth and uniform CD31 staining in tumor confirmed even vessel density.
  
  
  
  CC-531 can be used as a metastatic rat tumor colorectal liver metastases model with well-defined characteristics that can be readily followed by imaging whilst having a therapeutic window for interventions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Division of Vascular & Interventional Radiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States of America.|Department of Radiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States of America.
authors.forename: Sarah Beth
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: White
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States of America.
authors.forename: Daniele
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Procissi
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States of America.|Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States of America.
authors.forename: Jeane
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Division of Vascular & Interventional Radiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States of America.
authors.forename: Venkateswara Rao
authors.initials: VR
authors.lastname: Gogineni
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States of America.
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Tyler
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States of America.
authors.forename: Yihe
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States of America.
authors.forename: Reed A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Omary
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States of America.|Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States of America.|Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States of America.
authors.forename: Andrew C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Larson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D018274:Electroporation; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000556:secondary*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D051381:Rats