title: Molecular classification of benign prostatic hyperplasia: A gene expression profiling study in a rat model.
abstract: To characterize the molecular features of benign prostatic hyperplasia by carrying out a gene expression profiling analysis in a rat model.
  
  
  
  Fetal urogenital sinus isolated from 20-day-old male rat embryo was implanted into a pubertal male rat ventral prostate. The implanted urogenital sinus grew time-dependently, and the pathological findings at 3 weeks after implantation showed epithelial hyperplasia as well as stromal hyperplasia. Whole-genome oligonucleotide microarray analysis utilizing approximately 30 000 oligonucleotide probes was carried out using prostate specimens during the prostate growth process (3 weeks after implantation).
  
  
  
  Microarray analyses showed 926 upregulated (>2-fold change, P < 0.01) and 3217 downregulated genes (<0.5-fold change, P < 0.01) in benign prostatic hyperplasia specimens compared with normal prostate. Gene ontology analyses of upregulated genes showed predominant genetic themes of involvement in development (162 genes, P = 2.01 × 10(-4) ), response to stimulus (163 genes, P = 7.37 × 10(-13) ) and growth (32 genes, P = 1.93 × 10(-5) ). When we used both normal prostate and non-transplanted urogenital sinuses as controls to identify benign prostatic hyperplasia-specific genes, 507 and 406 genes were upregulated and downregulated, respectively. Functional network and pathway analyses showed that genes associated with apoptosis modulation by heat shock protein 70, interleukin-1, interleukin-2 and interleukin-5 signaling pathways, KIT signaling pathway, and secretin-like G-protein-coupled receptors, class B, were relatively activated during the growth process in the benign prostatic hyperplasia specimens. In contrast, genes associated with cholesterol biosynthesis were relatively inactivated.
  
  
  
  Our microarray analyses of the benign prostatic hyperplasia model rat might aid in clarifying the molecular mechanism of benign prostatic hyperplasia progression, and identifying molecular targets for benign prostatic hyperplasia treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan.
authors.forename: Junya
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hata
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuichi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Satoh
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan.
authors.forename: Hidenori
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Akaihata
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hiraki
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan.
authors.forename: Soichiro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ogawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan.
authors.forename: Nobuhiro
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Haga
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan.
authors.forename: Kei
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ishibashi
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan.
authors.forename: Ken
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Aikawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshiyuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kojima
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D018450:Disease Progression; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011470:Prostatic Hyperplasia / Q000235:genetics*; D051381:Rats
keywords: benign prostatic hyperplasia; growth; microarray; model; rat