title: [Regulatory effect of liraglutide on the expression of eNOS in the corpus cavernosum of diabetic rats].
abstract: OCTOBER: To explore the effects of the glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) liraglutide on the penile erectile function of rats with diabetic erectile dysfunction (DED) by observing the impact of liraglutide on the expression of eNOS in the corpus cavernosum of diabetic rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  We randomly divided 30 six-week-old male SD rats into a normal control (n = 10) and an experimental group (n = 20) , established models of diabetes mellitus (DM) in the experimental rats, and subdivided them into a DM (n = 8) and a GLP-1 group (n = 8) to receive intramuscular injection of normal saline and liraglutide at 5 mg per kg of the body weight per day, respectively. After 12 weeks of intervention, we obtained the levels of FPG, FINS, TG, TC, HDL-C, LDL-C, testosterone, and IL-6 and the indexes of Homa-IR and Homa-β, detected the expressions of Akt/p-Akt and eNOS/p-eNOS in the corpus cavernosum by Western blot, and compared the erectile function between different groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The frequency and rate of penile erection were significantly lower in the DM group than in the GLP-1 and normal control groups (P < 0.05) and also lower in the GLP-1 group than in the normal controls (P < 0.05). Immunofluorescence staining showed the expression of eNOS mainly in the cytoplasm of the cavernosal vessels and sinusoidal endothelial cells, markedly lower in the DM and GLP-1 groups than in the normal rats (P < 0.05), but higher in the GLP-1 than in the DM group (P < 0.05). The level of eNOS/p-eNOS in the penile tissue was significantly decreased in the DM and GLP-1 groups in comparison with the normal controls (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05), while that of p-eNOS was markedly increased in the GLP-1 group as compared with the DM group (P < 0.05). No statistically significant differences were observed in the Akt level among the three groups of animals (P > 0.05). The expression of p-Akt was remarkably reduced in the DM and GLP-1 groups in comparison with the control rats (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05), but higher in the GLP-1 than in the DM group (P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  GLP-1 can protect the function of endothelial cells in the corpus cavernosum and improve the erectile function of DED rats by regulating the Akt/ eNOS signaling pathway, which indicates that GLP-1 could be an important option for the treatment and prevention of DED.
authors.forename: Ling
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yue
authors.forename: Jin-ling
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.forename: Guang-da
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Xjang
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Xiang
authors.forename: Lin-shuang
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Jun-xia
authors.initials: JX
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Zhen-yan
authors.initials: ZY
authors.lastname: Zhai
authors.forename: Guang-ping
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ni
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; D007172:Erectile Dysfunction / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000201:enzymology; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000069450:Liraglutide / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III / Q000378:metabolism*; D010410:Penile Erection / Q000187:drug effects*; D010413:Penis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000503:physiopathology; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013739:Testosterone / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D013739:Testosterone; D000069450:Liraglutide; C496314:NOS3 protein, human; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III