title: Construction of 3-Dimensional Printed Ultrasound Phantoms With Wall-less Vessels.
abstract: Ultrasound phantoms are invaluable as training tools for vascular access procedures. We developed ultrasound phantoms with wall-less vessels using 3-dimensional printed chambers. Agar was used as a soft tissue-mimicking material, and the wall-less vessels were created with rods that were retracted after the agar was set. The chambers had integrated luer connectors to allow for fluid injections with clinical syringes. Several variations on this design are presented, which include branched and stenotic vessels. The results show that 3-dimensional printing can be well suited to the construction of wall-less ultrasound phantoms, with designs that can be readily customized and shared electronically.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, London, England d.nikitichev@ucl.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Daniil I
authors.initials: DI
authors.lastname: Nikitichev
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, London, England.
authors.forename: Anamaria
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Barburas
authors.affiliation: University College Hospital, London, England.
authors.forename: Kirstie
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: McPherson
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, London, EnglandUniversity of French Polynesia, Tahiti, French Polynesia.
authors.forename: Jean-Martial
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Mari
authors.affiliation: University College Hospital, London, England.
authors.forename: Simeon J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: West
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, London, England.
authors.forename: Adrien E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Desjardins
mesh_terms: D000362:Agar; D002404:Catheterization / Q000379:methods*; D004867:Equipment Design; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D066330:Printing, Three-Dimensional; D018084:Ultrasonography, Interventional / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D000362:Agar
keywords: 3-dimensional printing; tissue-mimicking material; ultrasound phantom; vascular access; vascular ultrasound; wall-less vessels