title: Intraorbital granuloma annulare in an elderly patient.
abstract: Classically, granuloma annulare (GA) is a cutaneous disorder localized to the dorsum of the hands and/or feet in children and young adults. Very rarely it can present on the face and rarer still on periorbital structures such as the eyelid and orbital rim. Diagnosis hinges on clinical presentation and histological features, such as palisading granulomas with central destruction of collagen, presence of mucin and lymphohistiocytic infiltration. The etiology of this condition remains unknown, but may involve a delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction, malignancy and/or infection. Herein is the first reported case of an intraorbital GA in an 86-year-old male patient who presented with right eye proptosis.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Ophthalmology , Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute, Columbia University , New York , New York , USA.
authors.forename: Dianne
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Barrett
authors.affiliation: a Department of Ophthalmology , Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute, Columbia University , New York , New York , USA.
authors.forename: Carisa
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Petris
authors.affiliation: b Department of Ophthalmology , Virgin Macarena University Hospital , Seville , Spain.
authors.forename: Antonio Manuel
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Garrido Hermosilla
authors.affiliation: a Department of Ophthalmology , Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute, Columbia University , New York , New York , USA.
authors.forename: Kathleen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Oktavec
authors.affiliation: c Department of Pathology and Cell Biology , Columbia University Medical Center , New York , New York , USA.
authors.forename: Mahesh
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mansukhani
authors.affiliation: a Department of Ophthalmology , Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute, Columbia University , New York , New York , USA.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kazim
mesh_terms: D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D001706:Biopsy; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005094:Exophthalmos / Q000175:diagnosis; D016460:Granuloma Annulare / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009916:Orbital Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000378:metabolism; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers
keywords: Granuloma annulare; orbit