title: Endo ICG videoangiography: localizing the carotid artery in skull-base endonasal approaches.
abstract: In this work, the applicability of ICG-VA to skull base endoscopic surgery and its capacity to locate the internal carotid artery are shown.
  
  
  
  An adapted optical module to perform ICG-VA was used to perform endoscopic procedures. There were two intraoperative phases of interest that were used to evaluate the ICA: upon exposure of the skull base and during the intradural exploration. This new tool for obtaining ICA images in real time (as opposed to with navigation), and it is demonstrated that this tool provides a superior ability to detect the margins of the ICA compared with the Doppler technique. On the other hand, the present technique also provides enhancement of the artery through the bone of the skull base without the need for drilling.
  
  
  
  ICG-VA is a safe and effective technique for locating the ICA in skull-base expanded endonasal surgery. Furthermore, this technique can provide real-time guidance for the surgeon and increase safety for the patient.
authors.affiliation: Neurosurgical Department, HUyP La Fe de Valencia, Blv Sur, S/N, Valecia, Spain. juanantonio.simal@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Juan Antonio
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Simal Julián
authors.affiliation: Neurosurgical Department, HUyP La Fe de Valencia, Blv Sur, S/N, Valecia, Spain.
authors.forename: Pablo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sanromán Álvarez
authors.affiliation: Neurosurgical Department, HUyP La Fe de Valencia, Blv Sur, S/N, Valecia, Spain.
authors.forename: Pablo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Miranda Lloret
authors.affiliation: Neurosurgical Department, HUyP La Fe de Valencia, Blv Sur, S/N, Valecia, Spain.
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Botella Asunción
mesh_terms: D002339:Carotid Arteries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D002533:Cerebral Angiography / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D057605:Natural Orifice Endoscopic Surgery / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D019635:Neurosurgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D009666:Nose / Q000601:surgery; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000517:prevention & control; D019291:Skull Base / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*
keywords: Carotid artery; Endonasal; Endoscopy; Indocyanine green; Skull base; Videoangiography