title: Detection of miRNAs in urine of prostate cancer patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most prevalent oncologic disease among men worldwide. Expression of various transcripts, including miRNAs, is markedly deregulated in cancerous prostate tissue. This study aimed at identifying a PCa-specific expression profile of miRNAs for subsequent use in noninvasive diagnostics.
  
  
  METHODS
  MiRNA expression was profiled in 13 PCa tissues using human miRNA microarrays. Highly expressed miRNAs were selected for the analysis in urine of patients with PCa (N=143) and benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH; N=23) by means of real time PCR, while miRNAs showing the expression differences in relation to clinical variables were further analyzed in 52 PCa and 12 noncancerous prostate tissues (NPT) on TaqMan Low Density Arrays (TLDA).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Analysis of miRNA expression in prostate tissue linked miR-95 to aggressive form of PCa. This miRNA was up-regulated in high grade (P=0.041), the TMPRSS2-ERG fusion-positive tumors (P=0.026), and in patients with subsequently developed biochemical recurrence (BCR; P=0.054) after radical prostatectomy. MiRNAs highly expressed in PCa tissues were also detectable in urine from PCa patients. Moreover, the urinary levels of miR-21 had significant discriminatory power (P=0.010) to separate PCa patients from BPH, while the combined analysis of urinary miR-19a and miR-19b was prognostic for BCR. In PCa, the diagnostic potential of urinary miRNA panel (miR-21, miR-19a, and miR-19b) was higher than that of the PSA test (AUC=0.738 vs. AUC=0.514).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Measurement of urinary levels of PCa-specific miRNAs could assist in more specific detection of PCa and prediction of BCR.
authors.affiliation: Division of Human Genome Research Centre, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania.
authors.forename: Kristina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Stuopelytė
authors.affiliation: Division of Human Genome Research Centre, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania.
authors.forename: Kristina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Daniūnaitė
authors.affiliation: Urology Centre, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania; National Cancer Institute, Vilnius, Lithuania.
authors.forename: Feliksas
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Jankevičius
authors.affiliation: Division of Human Genome Research Centre, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania. Electronic address: sonata.jarmalaite@gf.vu.lt.
authors.forename: Sonata
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jarmalaitė
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000652:urine*; D018450:Disease Progression; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008297:Male; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000652:urine*; D008875:Middle Aged; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D015514:Oncogene Proteins, Fusion / Q000235:genetics; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood; D011470:Prostatic Hyperplasia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics / Q000652:urine; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000652:urine; D012372:ROC Curve
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D035683:MicroRNAs; D015514:Oncogene Proteins, Fusion; C515553:TMPRSS2-ERG fusion protein, human; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen
keywords: Prostate cancer; Urine; miR-19; miR-21; miRNA