title: β-Cell glutamate signaling: Its role in incretin-induced insulin secretion.
abstract: Insulin secretion from the pancreatic β-cell (referred to as β-cell hereafter) plays a central role in glucose homeostasis. Impaired insulin secretion is a major factor contributing to the development of diabetes and, therefore, is an important target for treatment of the disease. Cyclic adenosine monophosphate is a key second messenger in β-cells that amplifies insulin secretion. Incretins released by the gut potentiate insulin secretion through cyclic adenosine monophosphate signaling in β-cells, which is the basis for the incretin-based diabetes therapies now being used worldwide. Despite its importance, the interaction between glucose metabolism and incretin/cyclic adenosine monophosphate signaling in β-cells has long been unknown. A recent study showed that cytosolic glutamate produced by glucose metabolism in β-cells is a key signal in incretin-induced insulin secretion. Here we review the physiological and pathophysiological roles of β-cell glutamate signaling in incretin-induced insulin secretion.
authors.affiliation: Division of Molecular and Metabolic Medicine Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine Kobe Japan.
authors.forename: Norihide
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yokoi
authors.affiliation: Division of Molecular and Metabolic Medicine Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine Kobe Japan.
authors.forename: Ghupurjan
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gheni
authors.affiliation: Division of Molecular and Metabolic Medicine Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine Kobe Japan.
authors.forename: Harumi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.affiliation: Division of Molecular and Metabolic Medicine Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine Kobe Japan.
authors.forename: Susumu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Seino
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000378:metabolism; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D018698:Glutamic Acid / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D054795:Incretins / Q000378:metabolism*; D007328:Insulin / Q000378:metabolism*; D000078790:Insulin Secretion; D050417:Insulin-Secreting Cells / Q000378:metabolism*; D007515:Islets of Langerhans / Q000378:metabolism; D055432:Metabolomics; D009765:Obesity / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: D054795:Incretins; D007328:Insulin; D018698:Glutamic Acid; D005947:Glucose
keywords: Cyclic adenosine monophosphate; Glutamate; Incretin