title: Assessment of seasonal variation for air pollutant accumulation by Zizyphus tree under washing treatment.
abstract: A field study was carried out near Jeddah Industrial Zone to estimate the leaf impairment, physiological disorders, and air pollutant accumulation potential of Ziziphus tree. The experiment was triplicated in RCBD design with factorial arrangement having seasonality as the main plot and washing as subplot treatments along with the control. Accumulation of heavy metals and micronutrients in plant foliage varied significantly under the influence of seasons and washing treatments. The maximum accumulation of cadmium, chromium, nickel, and lead were perceived in summer season while the minimum was observed in winter. Contrarily, a greater acquisition of iron, copper, zinc, and manganese was observed in autumn. Washing significantly reduced the accumulation of Cd, Cr, Ni, and Pb by 58, 90, 80, and 96 %, while Fe, Cu, Zn, and Mn by 89, 37, 60, and 93 %, respectively. Leaf protein and nitrogen content illustrated a greater adjustment for pollutants by presenting a minimum variation (14-18 % and 2-3 %) to seasonality. In contrast, leaf area and stomatal aperture were significantly disturbed and resulted in minimum recovery under washing. Correlation analysis revealed a stronger negative interaction of heavy metal accumulation to leaf features while non-significant interaction was perceived for microelements. In conclusion, planting of Ziziphus trees along industrial areas may impede potential threats of toxic pollutants to human and ecosystem.
authors.affiliation: Arid Land Agriculture Department, Faculty of Meteorology, Environment and Arid Land Agriculture, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80208, 21589, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Mohamed Abdulraheem
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Shaheen
authors.affiliation: Arid Land Agriculture Department, Faculty of Meteorology, Environment and Arid Land Agriculture, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80208, 21589, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Fathy Saad
authors.initials: FS
authors.lastname: El-Nakhlawy
authors.affiliation: Environmental Sciences Department, Faculty of Meteorology, Environment and Arid Land Agriculture, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Fahd Mosallam
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Almehmadi
authors.affiliation: Arid Land Agriculture Department, Faculty of Meteorology, Environment and Arid Land Agriculture, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80208, 21589, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. zahidihsan_kau@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Muhammad Zahid
authors.initials: MZ
authors.lastname: Ihsan
authors.affiliation: Geography and Information System Department, Faculty of Arts and Humanities, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Abdulmohsin Rajeh
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Al-Shareef
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000378:metabolism*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods; D019216:Metals, Heavy / Q000378:metabolism*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000378:metabolism*; D012621:Seasons; D014197:Trees / Q000378:metabolism; D031957:Ziziphus / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D019216:Metals, Heavy
keywords: Air pollutant; Correlation coefficient; Industrial pollutants; Lead; Leaf protein; Phytoremediation