title: Obesity enhances sepsis-induced liver inflammation and injury in mice.
abstract: How obesity affects the response to sepsis was not completely understood. It was hypothesized that obesity alters adipose and hepatic tissue inflammation through signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT3) activation.
  
  
  
  Male C57BL/6 mice at 6 weeks of age were randomized to a high-fat diet (60% kcal fat) or normal diet (16% kcal fat) for 6 to 7 weeks. Sepsis was then induced by cecal ligation and puncture, and animals were monitored for survival or sacrificed and tissue collected.
  
  
  
  High-fat diet-fed mice gained more weight, had increased fat mass, and were glucose intolerant compared with normal diet-fed mice. Obesity increased hepatic neutrophil infiltration and injury after sepsis. Mice with obesity had higher plasma leptin levels compared with mice without obesity. Adipose tissue expression of adiponectin receptor 2, tumor necrosis factor-α, and peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma was altered during sepsis and affected by obesity, but the greatest change in adipose tissue expression was in leptin. Septic mice with obesity had lower plasma interleukin-17a, interleukin-23, and tumor necrosis factor-α levels and increased hepatic STAT3 and activator protein-1 activation compared with septic mice without obesity. Ultimately, mice with obesity had a lower probability of survival following sepsis.
  
  
  
  Mice with obesity are more susceptible to sepsis and have higher mortality, in part, through activation of the STAT3 signaling pathway and through activator protein-1 activation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
authors.forename: Jennifer M
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-7020-2394
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Kaplan
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
authors.forename: Marchele
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nowell
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lahni
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
authors.forename: Shiva K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Shanmukhappa
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
authors.forename: Basilia
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zingarelli
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D002432:Cecum / Q000601:surgery; D059305:Diet, High-Fat; D006505:Hepatitis / Q000209:etiology*; D007249:Inflammation / Q000378:metabolism; D020381:Interleukin-17 / Q000097:blood; D053759:Interleukin-23 / Q000097:blood; D020738:Leptin / Q000097:blood; D008099:Liver / Q000293:injuries* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications* / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D047495:PPAR gamma / Q000378:metabolism; D050796:STAT3 Transcription Factor / Q000378:metabolism; D018805:Sepsis / Q000150:complications* / Q000209:etiology; D015398:Signal Transduction; D018808:Transcription Factor AP-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D020381:Interleukin-17; D053759:Interleukin-23; D020738:Leptin; D047495:PPAR gamma; D050796:STAT3 Transcription Factor; D018808:Transcription Factor AP-1; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha