title: Seasonal study of concentration of heavy metals in waters from lower São Francisco River basin, Brazil.
abstract: In this study we determined the concentration of metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn) in the water lower São Francisco River basin, to evaluate the influence of urbanization and industrialization on environmental changes in the water resource. All samples were analyzed using the IUPAC adapted method and processed in an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The sampling stations located near the industrial areas were influenced by industrialization because they presented higher concentrations of Cd, Cr, Ni and Cu. The other sampled locations showed changes with regard the trace elements probably originating in the soil, like Fe, Zn and Pb. There was a gradual increase in the concentrations of metals, in general, in the period of highest rainfall of the hydrographic network. Overall, except for Zn and Mn, the trace elements exceeded the maximum allowed value established by national legislation (CONAMA). Lower São Francisco River basin has suffered interference from urbanization and industrialization, so awareness programs should be developed so as to control and lessen future problems.
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Aquicultura e Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco - UNIVASF, Rodovia BR 407, Km 12, Lote 543, Distrito de Irrigação Senador Nilo Coelho, CEP 56300-990, Petrolina, PE, Brazil.
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Souza
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Solos, Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária - EMBRAPA, Rodovia BR 428, Km 152, CEP 56302-970, Petrolina, PE, Brazil.
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Salviano
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Aquicultura e Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco - UNIVASF, Rodovia BR 407, Km 12, Lote 543, Distrito de Irrigação Senador Nilo Coelho, CEP 56300-990, Petrolina, PE, Brazil.
authors.forename: J F B
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Melo
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Aquicultura e Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco - UNIVASF, Rodovia BR 407, Km 12, Lote 543, Distrito de Irrigação Senador Nilo Coelho, CEP 56300-990, Petrolina, PE, Brazil.
authors.forename: W P
authors.initials: WP
authors.lastname: Felix
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Aquicultura e Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco - UNIVASF, Rodovia BR 407, Km 12, Lote 543, Distrito de Irrigação Senador Nilo Coelho, CEP 56300-990, Petrolina, PE, Brazil.
authors.forename: C S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Belém
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Pós-graduação em Gestão de Recursos Humanos nas Organizações, Faculdade de Ciências Aplicadas e Sociais - FACAPE, Campus Universitário, s/n, Vila Eduardo, CEP 56328-903, Petrolina, PE, Brazil.
authors.forename: P N
authors.initials: PN
authors.lastname: Ramos
mesh_terms: D001938:Brazil; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D000067896:Industrial Development; D019216:Metals, Heavy / Q000032:analysis*; D045483:Rivers / Q000737:chemistry*; D012621:Seasons; D013054:Spectrophotometry, Atomic; D014131:Trace Elements / Q000032:analysis; D014507:Urbanization
chemical_list: D019216:Metals, Heavy; D014131:Trace Elements