title: Molecular species composition of plant cardiolipin determined by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry.
abstract: Cardiolipin (CL), an anionic phospholipid of the inner mitochondrial membrane, provides essential functions for stabilizing respiratory complexes and is involved in mitochondrial morphogenesis and programmed cell death in animals. The role of CL and its metabolism in plants are less well understood. The measurement of CL in plants, including its molecular species composition, is hampered by the fact that CL is of extremely low abundance, and that plants contain large amounts of interfering compounds including galactolipids, neutral lipids, and pigments. We used solid phase extraction by anion exchange chromatography to purify CL from crude plant lipid extracts. LC/MS was used to determine the content and molecular species composition of CL. Thus, up to 23 different molecular species of CL were detected in different plant species, including Arabidopsis, mung bean, spinach, barley, and tobacco. Similar to animals, plant CL is dominated by highly unsaturated species, mostly containing linoleic and linolenic acid. During phosphate deprivation or exposure to an extended dark period, the amount of CL decreased in Arabidopsis, accompanied with an increased degree in unsaturation. The mechanism of CL remodeling during stress, and the function of highly unsaturated CL molecular species, remains to be defined.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Molecular Physiology and Biotechnology of Plants (IMBIO), University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany.
authors.forename: Yonghong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Institute of Molecular Physiology and Biotechnology of Plants (IMBIO), University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany.
authors.forename: Helga
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Peisker
authors.affiliation: Institute of Molecular Physiology and Biotechnology of Plants (IMBIO), University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany doermann@uni-bonn.de.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-5845-9370
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Dörmann
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis / Q000235:genetics*; D017360:Arabidopsis; D002308:Cardiolipins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000378:metabolism; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D010743:Phospholipids / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization
chemical_list: D002308:Cardiolipins; D010743:Phospholipids
keywords: Arabidopsis; anion exchange chromatography; lipidomics; mitochondria; phospholipids; solid phase extraction