title: Borrelia persica infection in dogs and cats: clinical manifestations, clinicopathological findings and genetic characterization.
abstract: Relapsing fever (RF) is an acute infectious disease caused by arthropod-borne spirochetes of the genus Borrelia. The disease is characterized by recurrent episodes of fever that concur with spirochetemia. The RF borrelioses include louse-borne RF caused by Borrelia recurrentis and tick-borne endemic RF transmitted by argasid soft ticks and caused by several Borrelia spp. such as B. crocidurae, B. coriaceae, B. duttoni, B. hermsii, B. hispanica and B. persica. Human infection with B. persica is transmitted by the soft tick Ornithodoros tholozani and has been reported from Iran, Israel, Egypt, India, and Central Asia.
  
  
  
  During 2003-2015, five cats and five dogs from northern, central and southern Israel were presented for veterinary care and detected with borrelia spirochetemia by blood smear microscopy. The causative infective agent in these animals was identified and characterized by PCR from blood and sequencing of parts of the flagellin (flab), 16S rRNA and glycerophosphodiester phosphodiestrase (GlpQ) genes.
  
  
  
  All animals were infected with B. persica genetically identical to the causative agent of human RF. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that DNA sequences from these pet carnivores clustered together with B. persica genotypes I and II from humans and O. tholozani ticks and distinctly from other RF Borrelia spp. The main clinical findings in cats included lethargy, anorexia, anemia in 5/5 cats and thrombocytopenia in 4/5. All dogs were lethargic and anorectic, 4/5 were febrile and anemic and 3/5 were thrombocytopenic. Three dogs were co-infected with Babesia spp. The animals were all treated with antibiotics and the survival rate of both dogs and cats was 80 %. The cat and dog that succumbed to disease died one day after the initiation of antibiotic treatment, while survival in the others was followed by the rapid disappearance of spirochetemia.
  
  
  
  This is the first report of disease due to B. persica infection in cats and the first case series in dogs. Infection was associated with anemia and thrombocytopenia. Fever was more frequently observed in dogs than cats. Domestic canines and felines suffer from clinical disease due to B. persica infection and may also serve as sentinels for human infection.
authors.affiliation: Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, Hebrew University, Rehovot, Israel. gad.baneth@mail.huji.ac.il.
authors.forename: Gad
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Baneth
authors.affiliation: Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, Hebrew University, Rehovot, Israel.
authors.forename: Yaarit
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nachum-Biala
authors.affiliation: Medical Laboratory, Medical Corps, IDF, Tel Aviv, Israel.
authors.forename: Tamar
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Halperin
authors.affiliation: Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, Hebrew University, Rehovot, Israel.
authors.forename: Yizhak
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hershko
authors.affiliation: Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, Hebrew University, Rehovot, Israel.
authors.forename: Gabriela
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kleinerman
authors.affiliation: Pathovet LTD, Yehosa Ben Hanania 81, Rehovot, 76391, Israel.
authors.forename: Yigal
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Anug
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, Department of community Health, Al-Quds University, Jerusalem, Palestinian Authority.
authors.forename: Ziad
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Abdeen
authors.affiliation: Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, Hebrew University, Rehovot, Israel.
authors.forename: Eran
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lavy
authors.affiliation: Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, Hebrew University, Rehovot, Israel.
authors.forename: Itamar
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Aroch
authors.affiliation: Bacteriology and Mycology, Institute for Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Reinhard K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Straubinger
mesh_terms: D000740:Anemia / Q000662:veterinary; D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001898:Borrelia / Q000166:cytology / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D002371:Cat Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology*; D002415:Cats; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology*; D004285:Dogs; D005260:Female; D005334:Fever / Q000662:veterinary; D005838:Genotype; D007557:Israel; D053609:Lethargy / Q000662:veterinary; D008297:Male; D026861:Ornithodoros / Q000382:microbiology*; D010802:Phylogeny; D012061:Relapsing Fever / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA / Q000662:veterinary; D013921:Thrombocytopenia / Q000662:veterinary
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D004269:DNA, Bacterial
keywords: Borrelia persica; Borreliosis; Canine; Feline; Relapsing fever