title: 3-Bromopyruvate and sodium citrate induce apoptosis in human gastric cancer cell line MGC-803 by inhibiting glycolysis and promoting mitochondria-regulated apoptosis pathway.
abstract: Cancer cells are mainly dependent on glycolysis to generate adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and intermediates required for cell growth and proliferation. Thus, inhibition of glycolysis might be of therapeutic value in antitumor treatment. Our previously studies had found that both 3-bromopyruvate (BP) and sodium citrate (SCT) can inhibit tumor growth and proliferation in vitro and in vivo. However, the mechanism involved in the BP and SCT mediated antitumor activity is not entirely clear. In this work, it is demonstrated that BP inhibits the enzyme hexokinase (HK) activity and SCT suppresses the phosphofructokinase (PFK) activity respectively, both the two agents decrease viability, ATP generation and lactate content in the human gastric cancer cell line MGC-803. These effects are directly correlated with blockage of glycolysis. Furthermore, BP and SCT can induce the characteristic manifestations of mitochondria-regulated apoptosis, such as down-regulation of anti-apoptosis proteins Bcl-2 and Survivin, up-regulation of pro-apoptosis protein Bax, activation of caspase-3, as well as leakage of cytochrome c (Cyt-c). In summary, our results provided evidences that BP and SCT inhibit the MGC-803 cells growth and proliferation might be correlated with inhibiting glycolysis and promoting mitochondria-regulated apoptosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastrointestinal and Gland Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 6 ShuangYong Road, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China.
authors.forename: Xingyu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastrointestinal and Gland Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 6 ShuangYong Road, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China.
authors.forename: Xiaodong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastrointestinal and Gland Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 6 ShuangYong Road, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China. Electronic address: moonsonlife@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Tingan
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastrointestinal and Gland Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 6 ShuangYong Road, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China.
authors.forename: Shulin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Xian
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastrointestinal and Gland Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 6 ShuangYong Road, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China. Electronic address: doctorlife@126.com.
authors.forename: Yunfei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lu
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002951:Citrates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005753:Gastric Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism; D006019:Glycolysis / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D011773:Pyruvates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000077559:Sodium Citrate; D013270:Stomach / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D002951:Citrates; D011773:Pyruvates; D000077559:Sodium Citrate; C017092:bromopyruvate
keywords: 3-Bromopyruvate; Apoptosis; Energetic metabolism; Gastric carcinoma; Glycolysis; Sodium citrate