title: Environmental tobacco smoke increases autophagic effects but decreases longevity associated with Sirt-1 protein expression in young C57BL mice hearts.
abstract: Recently, a survey by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reported that nearly 90% of U.S. adult smokers began smoking at the age of 18. This demonstrates that the exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) of youngsters today is changing from passive smoking to active smoking (direct inhalation of tobacco). In the current study, an investigation of ETS exposure in young C57BL mice was conducted. After 6 weeks of ETS exposure, the Sirt-1 protein level was decreased and cardiac autophagy was increased in C57BL mice. Furthermore, the IGF2R cardiac hypertrophy signaling pathway was also triggered, although cardiac apoptosis and hypertrophy were not induced. Youngsters' desire to look more mature is one of the psychological factors that impacts smoking amongst young people. Our results suggest that though ETS exposure might cause cardiac autophagy amongst youngsters, the loss of the longevity Sirt-1 protein and the increase in IGF2R cardiac hypertrophy signaling could still promote heart diseases that are age-specific.
authors.affiliation: The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong, China.|Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Wei-Jen
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Ting
authors.affiliation: Institute of Medicine, School of Dentistry, Chung-Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Jaw-Ji
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Sports Sciences, University of Taipei, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chia-Hua
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Kuo
authors.affiliation: National Taichung First Senior High School, Taichung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Zi-Jun
authors.initials: ZJ
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.affiliation: National Taichung First Senior High School, Taichung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Xin-Ze
authors.initials: XZ
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan.|Jen-Teh Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Miaoli, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yu-Lan
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Yeh
authors.affiliation: Department of Nursing, Mei Ho University, Pingtung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Cecilia-Hsuan
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Day
authors.affiliation: Department of Nursing, Mei Ho University, Pingtung, Taiwan.|Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Su-Ying
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Wen
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, India.
authors.forename: Vijaya
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: PadmaViswanadha
authors.affiliation: The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong, China.
authors.forename: Chong-He
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Wei-Wen
authors.initials: WW
authors.lastname: Kuo
authors.affiliation: Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.|Graduate Institute of Chinese Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.|Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chih-Yang
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Huang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001343:Autophagy; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D005260:Female; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006321:Heart / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development*; D008136:Longevity; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D032383:Myocytes, Cardiac / Q000378:metabolism; D017527:Receptor, IGF Type 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction; D056564:Sirtuin 1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects*; D013997:Time Factors; D014026:Nicotiana
chemical_list: D017527:Receptor, IGF Type 2; C470545:Sirt1 protein, mouse; D056564:Sirtuin 1
keywords: Gerotarget; Sirt-1; autophagy; environmental tobacco smoke (ETS)