title: Fast and accurate predictions of covalent bonds in chemical space.
abstract: We assess the predictive accuracy of perturbation theory based estimates of changes in covalent bonding due to linear alchemical interpolations among molecules. We have investigated σ bonding to hydrogen, as well as σ and π bonding between main-group elements, occurring in small sets of iso-valence-electronic molecules with elements drawn from second to fourth rows in the p-block of the periodic table. Numerical evidence suggests that first order Taylor expansions of covalent bonding potentials can achieve high accuracy if (i) the alchemical interpolation is vertical (fixed geometry), (ii) it involves elements from the third and fourth rows of the periodic table, and (iii) an optimal reference geometry is used. This leads to near linear changes in the bonding potential, resulting in analytical predictions with chemical accuracy (∼1 kcal/mol). Second order estimates deteriorate the prediction. If initial and final molecules differ not only in composition but also in geometry, all estimates become substantially worse, with second order being slightly more accurate than first order. The independent particle approximation based second order perturbation theory performs poorly when compared to the coupled perturbed or finite difference approach. Taylor series expansions up to fourth order of the potential energy curve of highly symmetric systems indicate a finite radius of convergence, as illustrated for the alchemical stretching of H2 (+). Results are presented for (i) covalent bonds to hydrogen in 12 molecules with 8 valence electrons (CH4, NH3, H2O, HF, SiH4, PH3, H2S, HCl, GeH4, AsH3, H2Se, HBr); (ii) main-group single bonds in 9 molecules with 14 valence electrons (CH3F, CH3Cl, CH3Br, SiH3F, SiH3Cl, SiH3Br, GeH3F, GeH3Cl, GeH3Br); (iii) main-group double bonds in 9 molecules with 12 valence electrons (CH2O, CH2S, CH2Se, SiH2O, SiH2S, SiH2Se, GeH2O, GeH2S, GeH2Se); (iv) main-group triple bonds in 9 molecules with 10 valence electrons (HCN, HCP, HCAs, HSiN, HSiP, HSiAs, HGeN, HGeP, HGeAs); and (v) H2 (+) single bond with 1 electron.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Institute of Physical Chemistry and National Center for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials (MARVEL), University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland.
authors.forename: K Y Samuel
authors.initials: KY
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: General Chemistry (ALGC), Free University Brussels (VUB), Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium.
authors.forename: Stijn
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fias
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Institute of Physical Chemistry and National Center for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials (MARVEL), University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Raghunathan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ramakrishnan
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Institute of Physical Chemistry and National Center for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials (MARVEL), University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland.
authors.forename: O Anatole
authors.initials: OA
authors.lastname: von Lilienfeld