title: Loading Capacity versus Enzyme Activity in Anisotropic and Spherical Calcium Carbonate Microparticles.
abstract: A new method of fabrication of calcium carbonate microparticles of ellipsoidal, rhomboidal, and spherical geometries is reported by adjusting the relative concentration ratios of the initial salt solutions and/or the ethylene glycol content in the reaction medium. Morphology, porosity, crystallinity, and loading capacity of synthesized CaCO3 templates were characterized in detail. Particles harboring dextran or the enzyme guanylate kinase were obtained through encapsulation of these macromolecules using the layer-by-layer assembly technique to deposit positively and negatively charged polymers on these differently shaped CaCO3 templates and were characterized by confocal laser scanning fluorescence microscopy, fluorometric techniques, and enzyme activity measurements. The enzymatic activity, an important application of such porous particles and containers, has been analyzed in comparison with the loading capacity and geometry. Our results reveal that the particles' shape influences morphology of particles and that, as a result, affects the activity of the encapsulated enzymes, in addition to the earlier reported influence on cellular uptake. These particles are promising candidates for efficient drug delivery due to their relatively high loading capacity, biocompatibility, and easy fabrication and handling.
authors.affiliation: Department of Interfaces, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces , Golm/Potsdam D-14476, Germany.
authors.forename: Senem
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Donatan
authors.affiliation: Department of Interfaces, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces , Golm/Potsdam D-14476, Germany.|Remote Controlled Theranostic Systems Lab, Institute of Nanostructres and Biosystems, Saratov State University , 410012 Saratov, Russia.
authors.forename: Alexey
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yashchenok
authors.affiliation: Enzyme Biochemistry Group, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry , Göttingen D-37077, Germany.
authors.forename: Nazimuddin
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.affiliation: A.V. Shubnikov Institute of Crystallography RAS , 119333 Moscow, Russia.|Remote Controlled Theranostic Systems Lab, Institute of Nanostructres and Biosystems, Saratov State University , 410012 Saratov, Russia.|Department of Molecular Biotechnology, NB-Photonics Group, Ghent University , Ghent 9000, Belgium.
authors.forename: Bogdan
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Parakhonskiy
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biotechnology, NB-Photonics Group, Ghent University , Ghent 9000, Belgium.
authors.forename: Melissa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cocquyt
authors.affiliation: Department of Interfaces, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces , Golm/Potsdam D-14476, Germany.|Department of Physics at Interfaces, Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research , Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
authors.forename: Bat-El
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Pinchasik
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biotechnology, NB-Photonics Group, Ghent University , Ghent 9000, Belgium.
authors.forename: Dmitry
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Khalenkow
authors.affiliation: Department of Interfaces, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces , Golm/Potsdam D-14476, Germany.
authors.forename: Helmuth
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Möhwald
authors.affiliation: Enzyme Biochemistry Group, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry , Göttingen D-37077, Germany.
authors.forename: Manfred
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Konrad
authors.affiliation: Department of Interfaces, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces , Golm/Potsdam D-14476, Germany.|Department of Molecular Biotechnology, NB-Photonics Group, Ghent University , Ghent 9000, Belgium.
authors.forename: Andre
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Skirtach
mesh_terms: D016880:Anisotropy; D002119:Calcium Carbonate / Q000737:chemistry*; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D010316:Particle Size; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D011108:Polymers; D002119:Calcium Carbonate
keywords: calcium carbonate; enzyme; enzyme-catalyzed reaction; polyelectrolyte; vaterite