title: Utility of Tissue Doppler Imaging in the Echocardiographic Evaluation of Left and Right Ventricular Function in Dogs with Myxomatous Mitral Valve Disease with or without Pulmonary Hypertension.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In human medicine, right ventricular (RV) functional parameters represent a tool for risk stratification in patients with congestive heart failure caused by left heart disease. Little is known about RV alterations in dogs with left-sided cardiac disorders.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To assess RV and left ventricular (LV) function in dogs with myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD) with or without pulmonary hypertension (PH).
  
  
  METHODS
  One-hundred and fourteen dogs: 28 healthy controls and 86 dogs with MMVD at different stages.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective observational study. Animals were classified as healthy or having MMVD at different stages of severity and according to presence or absence of PH. Twenty-eight morphological, echo-Doppler, and tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) variables were measured and comparison among groups and correlations between LV and RV parameters were studied.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No differences were found among groups regarding RV echo-Doppler and TDI variables. Sixteen significant correlations were found between RV TDI and left heart echocardiographic variables. Dogs with PH had significantly higher transmitral E wave peak velocity and higher E/e' ratio of septal (sMV) and lateral (pMV) mitral annulus. These 2 variables were found to predict presence of PH with a sensitivity of 84 and 72%, and a specificity of 71 and 80% at cut-off values of 10 and 9.33 for sMV E/e' and pMV E/e', respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  No association between variables of RV function and different MMVD stage and severity of PH could be detected. Some relationships were found between echocardiographic variables of right and left ventricular function.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia, Italy.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Baron Toaldo
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, Legnaro, Italy.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Poser
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, Legnaro, Italy.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Menciotti
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia, Italy.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Battaia
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, Legnaro, Italy.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Contiero
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia, Italy.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cipone
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia, Italy.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Diana
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, Legnaro, Italy.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mazzotta
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, Legnaro, Italy.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Guglielmini
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology; D004285:Dogs; D015150:Echocardiography, Doppler / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D006976:Hypertension, Pulmonary / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D008297:Male; D008945:Mitral Valve Prolapse / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left; D016278:Ventricular Function, Right
keywords: Canine; Cardiac disease; Echocardiography; Ventricular interdependence; right heart; tissue velocity