title: One-step synthesis of iron oxide polypyrrole nanoparticles encapsulating ketoprofen as model of hydrophobic drug.
abstract: This study reports a novel one-step synthesis of hybrid iron oxide/polypyrrole multifunctional nanoparticles encapsulating hydrophobic drug and decorated with polyethylene glycol. The overall process is based on the in situ chemical oxidative polymerization of pyrrole along with the reduction of ferric chloride (FeCl3) in the presence of ketoprofen as model drug and PEGylated surfactants. The final product is a nanocomposite composed of polypyrrole and a mixture of FeO/Fe2O3. Different concentrations of ketoprofen were encapsulated in the nanocomposite, and were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Encapsulation efficiency of the final product was measured by absorption, which can reach up to 98%. The release experiments confirmed complete drug release after about 3h in PBS solution. Morphological characterization of the nanocomposites was performed by electron microscopy (scanning and transmission electron microscopy) which confirmed the spherical geometry and opaque nature of nanoparticles with average particle size well below 50 nm. The final product is multifunctional system, which could act both as a nanocarrier for drug molecules as well as a contrasting agent. Magnetic relaxometry studies confirmed their possible applications as potential contrast agent in the field of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
authors.affiliation: University of Strasbourg, Faculty of Pharmacy, 74 route du Rhin 67401 Illkirch Cedex, France; CNRS UMR 7199, Laboratoire de Conception et Application de Molécules Bioactives, équipe de Pharmacie Biogalénique, University of Strasbourg, route du Rhin No. 74, F-67401 Illkirch Cedex, France; National Research Center, P.O. 12622, Cairo, Egypt.
authors.forename: Mohamed F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Attia
authors.affiliation: University of Strasbourg, Faculty of Pharmacy, 74 route du Rhin 67401 Illkirch Cedex, France; CNRS UMR 7199, Laboratoire de Conception et Application de Molécules Bioactives, équipe de Pharmacie Biogalénique, University of Strasbourg, route du Rhin No. 74, F-67401 Illkirch Cedex, France. Electronic address: nanton@unistra.fr.
authors.forename: Nicolas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Anton
authors.affiliation: University of Strasbourg, Faculty of Pharmacy, 74 route du Rhin 67401 Illkirch Cedex, France; Institut Charles Sadron (ICS)-UPR 22CNRS, Strasbourg, France; Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Ikram Ullah
authors.initials: IU
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.affiliation: Institut Charles Sadron (ICS)-UPR 22CNRS, Strasbourg, France.
authors.forename: Christophe A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Serra
authors.affiliation: IGBMC (Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire), Inserm U964, CNRS UMR7104, Université de Strasbourg, 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch, France.
authors.forename: Nadia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Messaddeq
authors.affiliation: Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, IIT@CRIB, Largo Barsanti e Matteucci, 53 80125 Napoli, Italy.
authors.forename: Anshuman
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jakhmola
authors.affiliation: Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, IIT@CRIB, Largo Barsanti e Matteucci, 53 80125 Napoli, Italy.
authors.forename: Raffaele
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Vecchione
authors.affiliation: University of Strasbourg, Faculty of Pharmacy, 74 route du Rhin 67401 Illkirch Cedex, France; CNRS UMR 7199, Laboratoire de Conception et Application de Molécules Bioactives, équipe de Pharmacie Biogalénique, University of Strasbourg, route du Rhin No. 74, F-67401 Illkirch Cedex, France.
authors.forename: Thierry
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Vandamme
mesh_terms: D003287:Contrast Media / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D065546:Drug Liberation; D005290:Ferric Compounds / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry; D007660:Ketoprofen / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry*; D058185:Magnetite Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D053761:Nanocomposites / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D010316:Particle Size; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000737:chemistry; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry*; D011758:Pyrroles / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D005290:Ferric Compounds; D058185:Magnetite Nanoparticles; D011108:Polymers; D011758:Pyrroles; C067635:polypyrrole; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D007660:Ketoprofen
keywords: Drug delivery system; Encapsulation; Ketoprofen; MRI contrasting agents; Nanomedicine; PEGylated shell; Polypyrrole