title: The Association of the Delayed Introduction of Cow's Milk with IgE-Mediated Cow's Milk Allergies.
abstract: Although exclusive breastfeeding at least 4 to 6 months has been recommended to prevent IgE-mediated cow's milk allergy (IgE-CMA), early introduction of food allergens has received a lot of attention in recent years for the prevention of food allergies.
  
  
  
  We aimed to determine whether IgE-CMA is associated with a feeding pattern in early infancy.
  
  
  
  In a case-control study, we retrospectively compared the patient background, past history of atopic dermatitis, bronchial asthma, family history of allergic diseases, feeding patterns in early infancy, and the reason for choosing early infancy feeding patterns of patients with IgE-CMA with age- and sex-matched healthy controls using a questionnaire completed by their mothers. To minimize the influence of confounders, we also compared patients with IgE-CMA with those with IgE-mediated egg allergy (IgE-EA).
  
  
  
  A total of 51 patients with IgE-CMA were compared with 102 controls (1:2 matching) and 32 unmatched patients with IgE-EA. In a multivariable logistic regression analysis, the adjusted odds ratio of delayed (started more than 1 month after birth) or no regular cow's milk formula (less than once daily) was 23.74 (95% CI, 5.39-104.52) comparing the CMA group with the Control group, and 10.16 (95% CI, 2.48-41.64) comparing the CMA group with the EA group. Only 3 (6.5%), 2 (4.8%), and 3 (14.3%) mothers in the CMA group, the Control group, and the EA group chose "To prevent allergic disease" as a reason for choosing exclusive or almost exclusive breastfeeding in the first month of life, respectively.
  
  
  
  The early introduction of cow's milk formula is associated with lower incidence of IgE-CMA.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Ryugasaki Saiseikai Hospital, Ibaraki, Japan.
authors.forename: Yutaro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Onizawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. Electronic address: enoguchi@md.tsukuba.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Emiko
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Noguchi
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
authors.forename: Masafumi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Okada
authors.affiliation: Department of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
authors.forename: Ryo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sumazaki
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Ryugasaki Saiseikai Hospital, Ibaraki, Japan.
authors.forename: Daisuke
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hayashi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001942:Breast Feeding; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004032:Diet; D021181:Egg Hypersensitivity / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007073:Immunoglobulin E; D015994:Incidence; D007223:Infant; D041943:Infant Formula; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D008892:Milk / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016269:Milk Hypersensitivity / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016017:Odds Ratio; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D007073:Immunoglobulin E
keywords: Allergy prevention; Breast milk; Food allergy; IgE-mediated cow's milk allergy