title: Dietary Regulation of the Gut Microbiota Engineered by a Minimal Defined Bacterial Consortium.
abstract: We have recently reported that Altered Schaedler Flora (ASF) can be used to durably engineer the gut microbiota to reduce ammonia production as an effective modality to reduce morbidity and mortality in the setting of liver injury. Here we investigated the effects of a low protein diet on ASF colonization and its ability to engineer the microbiota. Initially, ASF inoculation was similar between mice fed a normal protein diet or low protein diet, but the outgrowth of gut microbiota differed over the ensuing month. Notable was the inability of the dominant Parabacteroides ASF taxon to exclude other taxa belonging to the Bacteroidetes phylum in the setting of a low protein diet. Instead, a poorly classified yet highly represented Bacteroidetes family, S24-7, returned within 4 weeks of inoculation in mice fed a low protein diet, demonstrating a reduction in ASF resilience in response to dietary stress. Nevertheless, fecal ammonia levels remained significantly lower than those observed in mice on the same low protein diet that received a transplant of normal feces. No deleterious effects were observed in host physiology due to ASF inoculation into mice on a low protein diet. In total, these results demonstrate that low protein diet can have a pronounced effect on engineering the gut microbiota but modulation of ammonia is preserved.
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America.
authors.forename: Ting-Chin David
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America.
authors.forename: Christel
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chehoud
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America.
authors.forename: Josephine
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ni
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, United States of America.
authors.forename: Evelyn
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America.
authors.forename: Ying-Yu
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America.
authors.forename: Aubrey
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bailey
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America.
authors.forename: Alice
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Laughlin
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America.
authors.forename: Kyle
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bittinger
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America.
authors.forename: Frederic D
authors.initials: FD
authors.lastname: Bushman
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America.
authors.forename: Gary D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Wu
mesh_terms: D000641:Ammonia / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D004032:Diet; D018753:Diet, Protein-Restricted; D005243:Feces / Q000201:enzymology / Q000382:microbiology; D005260:Female; D000069196:Gastrointestinal Microbiome; D060847:Metabolic Engineering / Q000379:methods*; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D016513:Mice, SCID; D059013:Microbial Consortia; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000378:metabolism; D013997:Time Factors; D014510:Urease / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000641:Ammonia; D014510:Urease; D009584:Nitrogen