title: Childhood adversity and hippocampal and amygdala volumes in a population at familial high risk of schizophrenia.
abstract: There is an established link between childhood adversity (CA) and schizophrenia. Hippocampus and amygdala abnormalities pre-date onset in those at high familial risk (fHR) of schizophrenia, but it is not clear whether these alterations are associated with CA in those at elevated risk of schizophrenia.
  
  
  
  We examined hippocampal and amygdala volumes in those at fHR who had been referred to a social worker or the Children's Panel compared to those who had not.
  
  
  
  The right hippocampus and left amygdala were significantly smaller in those that had been referred to social work and Children's Panel.
  
  
  
  Our findings suggest that CA can influence structural changes in the brain in a cohort at fHR of schizophrenia. These findings provide further evidence that while genetic factors contribute to the structural changes found in schizophrenia, environmental factors such as CA can have a lasting impact on specific brain regions.
authors.affiliation: Division of Psychiatry, Centre for Brain Sciences, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Morningside Park, Edinburgh EH10 5HF, United Kingdom; Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Morningside Park, Edinburgh EH10 5HF, United Kingdom. Electronic address: victoria.barker@ed.ac.uk.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Barker
authors.affiliation: Division of Psychiatry, Centre for Brain Sciences, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Morningside Park, Edinburgh EH10 5HF, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bois
authors.affiliation: Division of Psychiatry, Centre for Brain Sciences, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Morningside Park, Edinburgh EH10 5HF, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Neilson
authors.affiliation: Division of Psychiatry, Centre for Brain Sciences, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Morningside Park, Edinburgh EH10 5HF, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: E C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Johnstone
authors.affiliation: Division of Psychiatry, Centre for Brain Sciences, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Morningside Park, Edinburgh EH10 5HF, United Kingdom; Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Morningside Park, Edinburgh EH10 5HF, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: D G C
authors.initials: DGC
authors.lastname: Owens
authors.affiliation: Division of Psychiatry, Centre for Brain Sciences, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Morningside Park, Edinburgh EH10 5HF, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: H C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Whalley
authors.affiliation: Division of Psychiatry, Centre for Brain Sciences, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Morningside Park, Edinburgh EH10 5HF, United Kingdom; Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Morningside Park, Edinburgh EH10 5HF, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: McIntosh
authors.affiliation: Division of Psychiatry, Centre for Brain Sciences, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Morningside Park, Edinburgh EH10 5HF, United Kingdom; Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Morningside Park, Edinburgh EH10 5HF, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Lawrie
mesh_terms: D000069586:Adult Survivors of Child Adverse Events / Q000523:psychology; D000679:Amygdala / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D005190:Family; D005260:Female; D007839:Functional Laterality; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D009929:Organ Size; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000235:genetics*; D012947:Social Work; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000235:genetics; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Amygdala; Childhood adversity; Familial high risk; Hippocampus; Schizophrenia