title: Residue level and dissipation pattern of lepimectin in shallots using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with photodiode array detection.
abstract: Lepimectin, as an emulsifiable concentrate, was sprayed on shallots at the recommended dose rate (10 mL/20 L) to determine its residue levels, dissipation pattern, pre-harvest residue limits (PHRLs), and health risk. Samples were randomly collected over 10 days, extracted with acetonitrile, purified using an amino solid-phase extraction (NH2-SPE) cartridge and analyzed using a high-performance liquid chromatography-photodiode array detection method. Field-incurred samples were confirmed using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The linearity was excellent, with a determination coefficient (R2) of ≥0.9991. The recoveries at two spiking levels (0.2 and 1.0 mg/kg) ranged from 84.49 to 87.64% with relative standard deviations of ≤7.04%. The developed method was applied to field samples grown in separate greenhouses, one located in Naju and one in Muan, in the Republic of Korea. The dissipation pattern was described by first-order kinetics with half-lives of 1.9 (Naju) and 1.7 days (Muan). The PHRL curves indicated that, if the lepimectin residues are <0.18 (Naju) and <0.13 mg/kg (Muan) 5 days before harvest, the residue levels will be lower than the maximum residue limit (0.05 mg/kg) upon harvesting. The risk assessment data indicated that lepimectin is safe for use in the cultivation of shallots, with no risk of detrimental effects to the consumer.
authors.affiliation: Biotechnology Research Institute, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Chonnam National University, Yongbong-ro 77, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 500-757, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Sung-Woo
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Biotechnology Research Institute, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Chonnam National University, Yongbong-ro 77, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 500-757, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Md Musfiqur
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Rahman
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, 143-701, Republic of Korea. abdelaty44@hotmail.com, amabdelaty@konkuk.ac.kr.|Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, 12211, Giza, Egypt. abdelaty44@hotmail.com, amabdelaty@konkuk.ac.kr.
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Abd El-Aty
authors.affiliation: Biotechnology Research Institute, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Chonnam National University, Yongbong-ro 77, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 500-757, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Lieu T B
authors.initials: LT
authors.lastname: Truong
authors.affiliation: Biotechnology Research Institute, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Chonnam National University, Yongbong-ro 77, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 500-757, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jeong-Heui
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Bio Control Research Center, Jeonnam Bioindustry Foundation, 495, Im-myeon, Gokseong-gun, Jeollanam-do, 516-942, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Joon-Seong
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Research Planning and Management Division, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Cheongju, Chungcheongbuk-do, 28159, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Mi-Ra
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, 143-701, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Ho-Chul
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.affiliation: Biotechnology Research Institute, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Chonnam National University, Yongbong-ro 77, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 500-757, Republic of Korea. jhshim@chonnam.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Jae-Han
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Shim
mesh_terms: D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D005503:Food Additives / Q000032:analysis*; D005504:Food Analysis / Q000379:methods; D007783:Lactones / Q000032:analysis*; D057230:Limit of Detection; D047028:Macrocyclic Compounds / Q000032:analysis*; D010573:Pesticide Residues / Q000032:analysis*; D027781:Shallots / Q000737:chemistry*; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D005503:Food Additives; D007783:Lactones; D047028:Macrocyclic Compounds; D010573:Pesticide Residues; C000613604:lepimectin A3; C000613605:lepimectin A4
keywords: dissipation pattern; lepimectin; liquid chromatography; pre-harvest residue limit; shallots; tandem mass spectrometry