title: Activity of Palythoa caribaeorum Venom on Voltage-Gated Ion Channels in Mammalian Superior Cervical Ganglion Neurons.
abstract: The Zoanthids are an order of cnidarians whose venoms and toxins have been poorly studied. Palythoa caribaeorum is a zoanthid commonly found around the Mexican coastline. In this study, we tested the activity of P. caribaeorum venom on voltage-gated sodium channel (NaV1.7), voltage-gated calcium channel (CaV2.2), the A-type transient outward (IA) and delayed rectifier (IDR) currents of KV channels of the superior cervical ganglion (SCG) neurons of the rat. These results showed that the venom reversibly delays the inactivation process of voltage-gated sodium channels and inhibits voltage-gated calcium and potassium channels in this mammalian model. The compounds responsible for these effects seem to be low molecular weight peptides. Together, these results provide evidence for the potential use of zoanthids as a novel source of cnidarian toxins active on voltage-gated ion channels.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Química de Biomacromoléculas, Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 3000, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico. ferlaz@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lazcano-Pérez
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 3000, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico. hectorcastrompss@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Héctor
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Castro
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 3000, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico. isabel.arenas@unam.mx.
authors.forename: Isabel
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Arenas
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 3000, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico. erasmo@unam.mx.
authors.forename: David E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: García
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Biología de Cnidarios, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Funes 3250, Mar del Plata 7600, Argentina. ricordea.gonzalez@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Ricardo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: González-Muñoz
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Química de Biomacromoléculas, Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 3000, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico. arrespin@unam.mx.
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Arreguín-Espinosa
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D020864:Calcium Channels, N-Type / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003064:Cnidarian Venoms / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D055724:Electrophysiological Phenomena; D007473:Ion Channels / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D062556:NAV1.7 Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D009474:Neurons / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D009498:Neurotoxins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018408:Patch-Clamp Techniques; D024642:Potassium Channels, Voltage-Gated / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012615:Sea Anemones / Q000737:chemistry*; D019032:Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization; D017783:Superior Cervical Ganglion / Q000166:cytology*
chemical_list: C503279:Cacna1b protein, rat; D020864:Calcium Channels, N-Type; D003064:Cnidarian Venoms; D007473:Ion Channels; D062556:NAV1.7 Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel; D009498:Neurotoxins; D024642:Potassium Channels, Voltage-Gated; C503480:Scn9a protein, rat
keywords: MALDI-TOF-MS; Palythoa caribaeorum; SCG neurons; cnidaria; voltage-gated ion channels; zoanthids