title: Exposure of rhesus monkeys to cowpox virus Brighton Red by large-particle aerosol droplets results in an upper respiratory tract disease.
abstract: We previously demonstrated that small-particle (0.5-3.0 µm) aerosol infection of rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) with cowpox virus (CPXV)-Brighton Red (BR) results in fulminant respiratory tract disease characterized by severe lung parenchymal pathology but only limited systemic virus dissemination and limited classic epidermal pox-like lesion development (Johnson et al., 2015). Based on these results, and to further develop CPXV as an improved model of human smallpox, we evaluated a novel large-particle aerosol (7.0-9.0 µm) exposure of rhesus monkeys to CPXV-BR and monitored for respiratory tract disease by serial computed tomography (CT). As expected, the upper respiratory tract and large airways were the major sites of virus-induced pathology following large-particle aerosol exposure. Large-particle aerosol CPXV exposure of rhesus macaques resulted in severe upper airway and large airway pathology with limited systemic dissemination.
authors.affiliation: Emerging Viral Pathogens Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
authors.forename: Reed F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.affiliation: Center for Infectious Disease Imaging, Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
authors.forename: Dima A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Hammoud
authors.affiliation: Integrated Research Facility, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
authors.forename: Donna L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Perry
authors.affiliation: Clinical Research Directorate/Clinical Monitoring Research Program Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
authors.forename: Jeffrey
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Solomon
authors.affiliation: Infectious Disease Pathogenesis Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
authors.forename: Ian N
authors.initials: IN
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.affiliation: Integrated Research Facility, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
authors.forename: Matthew G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Lackemeyer
authors.affiliation: Integrated Research Facility, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
authors.forename: Jordan K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Bohannon
authors.affiliation: Integrated Research Facility, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
authors.forename: Philip J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Sayre
authors.affiliation: Infectious Disease Pathogenesis Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
authors.forename: Mahnaz
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Minai
authors.affiliation: Emerging Viral Pathogens Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
authors.forename: Amy B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Papaneri
authors.affiliation: Integrated Research Facility, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
authors.forename: Katie R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Hagen
authors.affiliation: Integrated Research Facility, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
authors.forename: Krisztina B
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: Janosko
authors.affiliation: Integrated Research Facility, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Jett
authors.affiliation: Integrated Research Facility, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
authors.forename: Kurt
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Cooper
authors.affiliation: Office of the Scientific Director, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
authors.forename: Joseph E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Blaney
authors.affiliation: Emerging Viral Pathogens Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.|Integrated Research Facility, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
authors.forename: Peter B
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Jahrling
mesh_terms: D000336:Aerosols; D000818:Animals; D015605:Cowpox / Q000473:pathology* / Q000821:virology*; D015608:Cowpox virus / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D008253:Macaca mulatta; D012141:Respiratory Tract Infections / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology* / Q000821:virology*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed
chemical_list: D000336:Aerosols