title: MicroRNA in United Airway Diseases.
abstract: The concept of united airway diseases (UAD) has received increasing attention in recent years. Sustained and increased inflammation is a common feature of UAD, which is inevitably accompanied with marked gene modification and tight gene regulation. However, gene regulation in the common inflammatory processes in UAD remains unclear. MicroRNA (miRNA), a novel regulator of gene expression, has been considered to be involved in many inflammatory diseases. Although there are an increasing number of studies of miRNAs in inflammatory upper and lower airway diseases, few miRNAs have been identified that directly link the upper and lower airways. In this article, therefore, we reviewed the relevant studies available in order to improve the understanding of the roles of miRNAs in the interaction and pathogenesis of UAD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China. zhengliuent@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Zheng
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China. azhang1@163.com.
authors.forename: Xin-Hao
authors.initials: XH
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Rhinology Unit and Smell Clinic, Otorhinolaryngology Department, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona &amp; Clinical and Experimental Respiratory Immunoallergy, IDIBAPS, CIBERES, Barcelona 08036, Catalonia, Spain. borch.cd82@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Borja
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Callejas-Díaz
authors.affiliation: Rhinology Unit and Smell Clinic, Otorhinolaryngology Department, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona &amp; Clinical and Experimental Respiratory Immunoallergy, IDIBAPS, CIBERES, Barcelona 08036, Catalonia, Spain. jmullol@clinic.cat.
authors.forename: Joaquim
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mullol
mesh_terms: D001249:Asthma / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D012220:Rhinitis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D012852:Sinusitis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D035683:MicroRNAs
keywords: allergic rhinitis; asthma; inflammation; microRNA; rhinosinusitis; united airways disease