title: Effect of training general practitioners in drug treatment of newly detected heart failure patients with reduced or preserved ejection fraction: A cluster randomized trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the effect of training general practitioners (GPs) in the optimization of drug treatment for newly detected heart failure (HF).
  
  
  METHODS
  Cluster randomized trial comparing the training programme to care as usual.
  
  
  METHODS
  Community-dwelling older persons with a new HF diagnosis after diagnostic work-up.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty GPs were randomized to care as usual or the training. Sixteen GPs of the latter group received a half-day training on optimizing HF medication in HF patients with a reduced (HFrEF), or with a preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). At baseline and after six months of follow-up, the 46 HF patients in the intervention group and the 46 cases in the care as usual group were assessed on medication use, functionality, health status, and health care visits.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After 6months, uptake of HF medication and health status were similar in the two groups. Interestingly, patients in the intervention group had a longer walking distance with the six-minute walk test than those in the care as usual group (mean difference in all-type HF 28.0 (95% CI 2.9 to 53.1) meters; HFpEF patients 28.2 (95% CI 8.8 to 47.5) meters and HFrEF patients 55.9 (95% CI -16.3 to 128.1) meters). They also had more HF-related GP visits (RR 1.8, 95% CI 1.3 to 2.5) and fewer visits to the cardiologist (RR 0.6, 95% CI 0.3 to 1.1).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Training GPs in optimization of drug treatment of newly detected HFrEF and HFpEF did not clearly increase HF medication, but resulted in improvement in walking distance.
authors.affiliation: Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary care, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3508 AB Utrecht, the Netherlands. Electronic address: E.E.S.vanRiet@umcutrecht.nl.
authors.forename: Evelien E S
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: van Riet
authors.affiliation: Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary care, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3508 AB Utrecht, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Arno W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Hoes
authors.affiliation: Diakonessenhuis Zeist, 3707 HL Zeist, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Limburg
authors.affiliation: Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary care, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3508 AB Utrecht, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Marcel A J
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Landman
authors.affiliation: Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary care, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3508 AB Utrecht, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Peter N A
authors.initials: PN
authors.lastname: Zuithoff
authors.affiliation: Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary care, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3508 AB Utrecht, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Frans H
authors.initials: FH
authors.lastname: Rutten
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002317:Cardiovascular Agents / Q000145:classification / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D058005:General Practitioners / Q000193:education*; D006304:Health Status; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011788:Quality of Life; D018570:Risk Assessment; D013318:Stroke Volume; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D000070857:Walk Test / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D002317:Cardiovascular Agents
keywords: General practice; Heart failure; Randomized trial; Treatment