title: Cilia-associated bacteria in fatal Bordetella bronchiseptica pneumonia of dogs and cats.
abstract: Bordetella bronchiseptica frequently causes nonfatal tracheobronchitis, but its role in fatal pneumonia is less recognized. Our study evaluated histologic identification of cilia-associated bacteria as a method for diagnosis of B. bronchiseptica pneumonia. Cases of fatal bronchopneumonia were studied retrospectively, excluding neonates and cases of aspiration pneumonia, minor lung lesions, or autolysis. The study population comprised 36 canine and 31 feline cases of bronchopneumonia. B. bronchiseptica was identified in 8 of 36 canine and 14 of 31 feline cases based on immunohistochemistry (IHC) using serum from a rabbit hyperimmunized with pertactin, PCR testing (Fla2/Fla12), and/or bacterial culture data when available. Of these, IHC was positive in 4 canine and 7 feline cases, PCR was positive in 8 canine and 14 feline cases, and B. bronchiseptica was isolated in 2 of 5 canine and 3 of 9 feline cases tested. Examination of histologic sections stained with hematoxylin and eosin revealed bronchial cilia-associated bacteria in 4 of 36 canine and 5 of 31 feline cases; these were all positive by IHC and PCR. The presence of cilia-associated bacteria had been noted in the pathology report for only 2 of these 9 cases. Thus, the presence of cilia-associated bacteria seems frequently overlooked by pathologists, but is a diagnostically significant feature of B. bronchiseptica pneumonia. A specific diagnosis of B. bronchiseptica pneumonia is important because it suggests primary or opportunistic bacterial pneumonia rather than aspiration pneumonia, and because of the risk of animal-to-animal transmission of B. bronchiseptica, the availability of vaccines for disease prevention, and the potential zoonotic risk to immunocompromised pet owners.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada (Taha-Abdelaziz, Bassel, Harness, Clark, Caswell)Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt (Taha-Abdelaziz)U.S. Department of Agriculture, National Animal Disease Center, Ames, IA (Register).
authors.forename: Khaled
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Taha-Abdelaziz
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada (Taha-Abdelaziz, Bassel, Harness, Clark, Caswell)Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt (Taha-Abdelaziz)U.S. Department of Agriculture, National Animal Disease Center, Ames, IA (Register).
authors.forename: Laura L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Bassel
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada (Taha-Abdelaziz, Bassel, Harness, Clark, Caswell)Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt (Taha-Abdelaziz)U.S. Department of Agriculture, National Animal Disease Center, Ames, IA (Register).
authors.forename: Melanie L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Harness
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada (Taha-Abdelaziz, Bassel, Harness, Clark, Caswell)Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt (Taha-Abdelaziz)U.S. Department of Agriculture, National Animal Disease Center, Ames, IA (Register).
authors.forename: Mary Ellen
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Clark
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada (Taha-Abdelaziz, Bassel, Harness, Clark, Caswell)Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt (Taha-Abdelaziz)U.S. Department of Agriculture, National Animal Disease Center, Ames, IA (Register).
authors.forename: Karen B
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: Register
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada (Taha-Abdelaziz, Bassel, Harness, Clark, Caswell)Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt (Taha-Abdelaziz)U.S. Department of Agriculture, National Animal Disease Center, Ames, IA (Register) jcaswell@uoguelph.ca.
authors.forename: Jeff L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Caswell
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001885:Bordetella Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000382:microbiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D016950:Bordetella bronchiseptica / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D001996:Bronchopneumonia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000382:microbiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D002371:Cat Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000382:microbiology; D002415:Cats; D002923:Cilia / Q000382:microbiology; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial / Q000662:veterinary; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000382:microbiology; D004285:Dogs; D004801:Eosine Yellowish-(YS) / Q000032:analysis; D006416:Hematoxylin / Q000032:analysis; D007150:Immunohistochemistry / Q000662:veterinary; D009864:Ontario; D018410:Pneumonia, Bacterial / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000382:microbiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000662:veterinary; D015995:Prevalence; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D004801:Eosine Yellowish-(YS); D006416:Hematoxylin
keywords: Adhesion; Bordetella bronchiseptica; bronchopneumonia; cats; cilia; dogs; pneumonia