title: Skin permeation profile and anti-inflammatory effect of anemonin extracted from weilingxian.
abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the skin permeability of anemonin, which was extracted from the Chinese herb weilingxian, and its potency of relieving the inflammation caused by rheumatoid arthritis (RA). To optimize the formulation, the solubility of anemonin in water and selected concentration of ethanol-water vehicles was determined. The effect of ethanol on the permeation of anemonin through human skin was then studied. Additionally, the influences of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose E50 (HPMC) and Carbomer 934 in different concentrations on the permeation of drug were investigated. Finally, the anti-inflammatory effect of the optimized formulation was assessed by murine model of xylene-induced ear edema. The results showed that the solubility and transdermal permeation of anemonin in ethanol-water vehicles linearly depended on the ethanol concentration. The combination of 30% ethanol and 3% Azone had a synergistic enhancement effect and was therefore selected for gel preparation. The 0.14% anemonin gel prepared with 1% HPMC exhibited the highest transdermal flux. The xylene-induced ear edema inhibitory rate of the optimized formulation was 48.85%. The results indicated that transdermal administration of anemonin is a potential modality for combating inflammation caused by RA.
authors.forename: Yuming
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ning
authors.forename: Yuefeng
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Rao
authors.forename: Zhenwei
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Wenquan
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.forename: Fanzhu
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000180:Acrylic Resins; D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D000818:Animals; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000188:drug therapy; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004431:Ear, External / Q000473:pathology; D004487:Edema / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy; D005663:Furans / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005782:Gels; D006801:Humans; D065347:Hypromellose Derivatives; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D012869:Skin Absorption; D012995:Solubility
chemical_list: D000180:Acrylic Resins; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; D005663:Furans; D005782:Gels; C479038:carbomer; D065347:Hypromellose Derivatives; C028304:anemonin