title: Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Extra-Hepatic Cancers.
abstract: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a leading cause of chronic liver disease but the second cause of death among NAFLD patients are attributed to malignancies at both gastrointestinal (liver, colon, esophagus, stomach, and pancreas) and extra-intestinal sites (kidney in men, and breast in women). Obesity and related metabolic abnormalities are associated with increased incidence or mortality for a number of cancers. NAFLD has an intertwined relationship with metabolic syndrome and significantly contributes to the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but recent evidence have fuelled concerns that NAFLD may be a new, and added, risk factor for extra-hepatic cancers, particularly in the gastrointestinal tract. In this review we critically appraise key studies on NAFLD-associated extra-hepatic cancers and speculate on how NAFLD may influence carcinogenesis at these sites.
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medical Sciences, A.O. Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy. sanna.cla@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sanna
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medical Sciences, A.O. Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy. chiara.rosso84@tiscali.it.
authors.forename: Chiara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rosso
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medical Sciences, A.O. Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy. milena.marietti@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Milena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Marietti
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medical Sciences, A.O. Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy. elisabetta.bugianesi@unito.it.
authors.forename: Elisabetta
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bugianesi
mesh_terms: D000069196:Gastrointestinal Microbiome; D005770:Gastrointestinal Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000382:microbiology; D006801:Humans; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D065626:Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000382:microbiology
keywords: adipokines; colorectal cancer; fatty liver; gut microbiota