title: Comparison of insulin intensification strategies with insulin lispro low mixture twice daily versus basal insulin glargine and prandial insulin lispro once daily in East Asian and Caucasian patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This analysis evaluated efficacy and safety of insulin lispro low mixture (LM25) twice daily (breakfast and dinner) versus basal insulin glargine (bedtime) plus prandial insulin lispro (IGL) once daily before the largest meal in East Asian (EA) and Caucasian patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who failed to reach glycemic targets on basal insulin glargine with metformin and/or pioglitazone.
  
  
  METHODS
  Included patients had an HbA1c ≥7.5% and ≤10.5% and fasting plasma glucose ≤6.7 mmol/L. Primary outcome was HbA1c change at 24 weeks.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Baseline mean HbA1c was numerically similar between groups in EA (n = 79) and Caucasian (n = 278) patients. Mean (± SD) HbA1c decreased significantly from baseline to 24 weeks for LM25 and IGL in both subpopulations (EA: -1.32 ± 0.96% and -0.89 ± 0.96%; Caucasian: -1.24 ± 0.98% and -1.04 ± 0.97; all P < 0.0001). The respective proportions reaching HbA1c ≤7.0% at Week 24 in the LM25 and IGL groups were 33.3% and 22.9% (EA) and 37.2% and 34.1% (Caucasian). Mean (± SD) rates of hypoglycemia per 30 days in the LM25 and IGL groups were 0.74 ± 1.16 and 1.22 ± 1.36 (EA) and 1.38 ± 2.04 and 1.65 ± 2.43 (Caucasian). Mean (± SD) weight gain changes in the LM25 and IGL groups were 0.62 ± 2.78 and 0.51 ± 2.63 kg (EA) and 1.77 ± 2.91 and 0.67 ± 3.09 kg (Caucasian).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Both strategies improved glycemic control in a small group of EA and Caucasian patients not adequately controlled on insulin glargine plus metformin and/or pioglitazone.
authors.affiliation: Kyung Hee University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: In-Kyung
authors.initials: IK
authors.lastname: Jeong
authors.affiliation: Yonsei University, Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju-si, Korea.
authors.forename: Choon Hee
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.affiliation: Diabetes Center, Institute of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, National Clinical Research Center For Metabolic Diseases, Changsha, China.
authors.forename: Zhiguang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Eli Lilly and Company, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Jeong Hee
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.
authors.forename: Ran
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Duan
authors.affiliation: Eli Lilly and Company, Pasig City, Philippines.
authors.forename: Diana M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Edralin
authors.affiliation: Eli Lilly and Company, Alcobendas, Spain.
authors.forename: Angel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rodriguez
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D044466:Asian People; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000208:ethnology; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005202:Asia, Eastern; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D000069036:Insulin Glargine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D061268:Insulin Lispro / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D008687:Metformin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008875:Middle Aged; D015337:Multicenter Studies as Topic; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D000077205:Pioglitazone; D019518:Postprandial Period; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D045162:Thiazolidinediones / Q000627:therapeutic use; D044465:White People
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D000069036:Insulin Glargine; D061268:Insulin Lispro; D008687:Metformin; D000077205:Pioglitazone; D045162:Thiazolidinediones
keywords: Caucasian; East Asian; diabetes mellitus; 东亚人; 白种人; 糖尿病