title: Preference Mapping of Fresh Tomatoes Across 3 Stages of Consumption.
abstract: Tomatoes (Solanum lycoperiscum) are a popular produce choice and provide many bioactive compounds. Consumer choice of tomatoes is influenced by flavor and visual appearance and external texture cues including hand firmness and sliceability. The objective of this study was to determine drivers of liking for fresh tomatoes across 3 stages of consumption. Seven tomato cultivars were ripened to a 6 on the USDA color chart. Trained panelists documented appearance, flavor, and texture attributes of tomatoes in triplicate. Tomato consumers (n = 177) were provided with knives and cutting boards and evaluated tomatoes across 3 stages: appearance (stage 1), slicing (stage 2), and consumption (stage 3). Consumers evaluated overall liking at each stage. Analysis of variance and external preference mapping were conducted. Overall liking was highest during the appearance portion of the test and lowest during the consumption portion (P < 0.05). Drivers of liking at stage 1 were color intensity, even outside color, and overall aroma. Drivers of liking at stage 2 were wetness/juiciness and overall aroma. Wetness/juiciness, seed presence, ripe flavor, and sweet and umami tastes were drivers of liking for tomatoes at consumption (stage 3). Four separate clusters of tomato consumers were identified. Cluster 1 preferred tomatoes with even color, higher color intensity, and flavor intensity. Cluster 2 preferred firm tomatoes. Cluster 3 preferred tomatoes that were soft and at peak ripeness; this cluster also had the highest liking scores for all tomatoes. Cluster 4 consumers generally consumed tomatoes in sandwiches rather than as-is and preferred tomatoes with even and intense color. Tomato growers can utilize these results to target cultivars that are well liked by consumers.
authors.affiliation: North Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695, U.S.A.
authors.forename: A E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Oltman
authors.affiliation: North Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695, U.S.A.
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Yates
authors.affiliation: North Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695, U.S.A.
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Drake
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002755:Choice Behavior; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D003116:Color; D003258:Consumer Behavior; D005260:Female; D005518:Food Preferences; D006801:Humans; D018551:Solanum lycopersicum / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000145:classification; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013649:Taste; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: consumer liking; preference mapping; tomatoes