title: Protective Effects of Royal Jelly on Oxymetholone-Induced Liver Injury in Mice.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The present study was carried out to investigate the possible protective effects of royal jelly (RJ) on oxymetholone (OXM)-induced oxidative liver injuries in mice.
  
  
  METHODS
  In total, 32 adult male NMRI mice were divided into four groups of eight mice each. Mice in groups 1 and 2 were orally administered 5 mg/kg/day OXM for 30 days. At the same time, mice in group 3 received RJ at a dose of 100 mg/kg/day. Saline control and RJ control groups were also included in this study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Administration of 5 mg/kg OXM resulted in a significant decrease in total antioxidant capacity and catalase activity, as well as a significant increase in malondialdehyde (P<0.05). In addition, OXM-administrated mice showed a slight increase in liver enzymes, including alanine amino transferase, aspartate amino transferase, and alkaline phosphatase. Although OXM caused histopathological changes in the liver, RJ could significantly improve all of the above-mentioned parameters at a dose of 100 mg/kg.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of the present study indicated that RJ has a partially protective effect on OXM-induced liver toxicity in mice.
authors.affiliation: Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Science, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
authors.forename: Vahid
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Nejati
authors.affiliation: Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Science, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
authors.forename: Ensieh
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Zahmatkesh
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Babaei
mesh_terms: D000410:Alanine Transaminase / Q000378:metabolism; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases / Q000378:metabolism; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000293:injuries*; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D010110:Oxymetholone / Q000633:toxicity; D000099219:Royal Jelly
chemical_list: D000410:Alanine Transaminase; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase; D000975:Antioxidants; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases; D002374:Catalase; D005227:Fatty Acids; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D010110:Oxymetholone; D000099219:Royal Jelly
keywords: Liver; Mice; Oxidative stress; Oxymetholone