title: Life With Type 1 Diabetes: Views of Hispanic Adolescents and Their Clinicians.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to describe the experience of Hispanic adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1DM) from the perspectives of adolescents and their diabetes clinicians.
  
  
  
  Nine Hispanic adolescents with T1DM and 7 clinicians at a tertiary academic medical center participated in in-depth individual semistructured interviews. Adolescents were purposively sampled to obtain a range in age and metabolic control. Based on interpretive descriptive methodology, data were coded and combined into themes, which were constructed separately for the 2 groups and then compared across groups. Data were analyzed concurrently with data collection.
  
  
  
  Adolescents and clinicians reported similar themes related to (1) cultural aspects of living with T1DM; (2) finding the balance of: food, insulin, and exercise; being "perfect at diabetes" versus being a "normal teenager"; and being independent versus needing support, and (3) ways to improve life for Hispanic adolescents with T1DM. Although there were some key cultural distinctions, Hispanic adolescents with T1DM and their clinicians described life and daily management issues as being similar to those of their non-Hispanic peers.
  
  
  
  Hispanic adolescents with T1DM have unique experiences and beliefs that affect their living with T1DM, but in many respects, their experiences are similar to those of their non-Hispanic peers with T1DM. Hispanic adolescents with T1DM want their clinicians to learn about their personal lives. Preferably, clinicians and parents should speak the same language. If not possible, interpreters should be used instead of having adolescents translate during clinic appointments.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut (Dr Reitblat, Dr Weinzimer, Dr Tamborlane)
authors.forename: Lital
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Reitblat
authors.affiliation: Yale School of Nursing, Orange, Connecticut (Dr Whittemore, Dr Weinzimer, Dr Sadler).
authors.forename: Robin
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Whittemore
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut (Dr Reitblat, Dr Weinzimer, Dr Tamborlane)|Yale School of Nursing, Orange, Connecticut (Dr Whittemore, Dr Weinzimer, Dr Sadler).
authors.forename: Stuart A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Weinzimer
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut (Dr Reitblat, Dr Weinzimer, Dr Tamborlane)
authors.forename: William V
authors.initials: WV
authors.lastname: Tamborlane
authors.affiliation: Yale School of Nursing, Orange, Connecticut (Dr Whittemore, Dr Weinzimer, Dr Sadler).
authors.forename: Lois S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Sadler
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000293:Adolescent; D003710:Demography; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006630:Hispanic or Latino; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D036301:Qualitative Research; D011788:Quality of Life; D012648:Self Care; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D062606:Tertiary Care Centers; D014481:United States