title: TRIF-dependent TLR signaling, its functions in host defense and inflammation, and its potential as a therapeutic target.
abstract: Toll/IL-1R domain-containing adaptor-inducing IFN-β (TRIF)-dependent signaling is required for TLR-mediated production of type-I IFN and several other proinflammatory mediators. Various pathogens target the signaling molecules and transcriptional regulators acting in the TRIF pathway, thus demonstrating the importance of this pathway in host defense. Indeed, the TRIF pathway contributes to control of both viral and bacterial pathogens through promotion of inflammatory mediators and activation of antimicrobial responses. TRIF signaling also has both protective and pathologic roles in several chronic inflammatory disease conditions, as well as an essential function in wound-repair processes. Here, we review our current understanding of the regulatory mechanisms that control TRIF-dependent TLR signaling, the role of the TRIF pathway in different infectious and noninfectious pathologic states, and the potential for manipulating TRIF-dependent TLR signaling for therapeutic benefit.
authors.affiliation: School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia;
authors.forename: M Obayed
authors.initials: MO
authors.lastname: Ullah
authors.affiliation: Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Centre for Inflammation and Disease Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; and.
authors.forename: Matthew J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Sweet
authors.affiliation: Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: Ashley
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mansell
authors.affiliation: School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia;
authors.forename: Stuart
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kellie
authors.affiliation: School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; b.kobe@uq.edu.au.
authors.forename: Bostjan
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kobe
mesh_terms: D033942:Adaptor Proteins, Vesicular Transport / Q000378:metabolism*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate / Q000276:immunology*; D007249:Inflammation / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D033942:Adaptor Proteins, Vesicular Transport; C470409:TICAM1 protein, human; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors
keywords: adaptor protein; innate immunity; pattern recognition receptor