title: Low osteocalcin level is a risk factor for impaired glucose metabolism in a Chinese male population.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study was to assess the association between serum osteocalcin level and glucose metabolism in a Chinese male population.
  
  
  METHODS
  We carried out a cross-sectional study with a cohort of participants from the Fangchenggang Area Male Health and Examination Survey. The cross-sectional study was carried out among 2,353 men, including 2,139 participants with normal glucose tolerance, 148 with impaired fasting glucose and 66 with type 2 diabetes. A subsample of 1,109 men with measurement of osteocalcin was observed in the cohort. After a 4-year follow-up period, 1,049 non-diabetic and 983 participants with normal glucose tolerance who submitted the available information were enrolled in the cohort. Participants were divided into group-H (≥23.33 ng/mL) and group-L (<23.33 ng/mL) by osteocalcin level.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the cross-sectional study, osteocalcin levels were highest in participants with normal glucose tolerance, followed by those with impaired fasting glucose and type 2 diabetes (P < 0.001). In partial correlation analysis adjusted for age, serum osteocalcin level was related to glucose level (r = -0.082, P < 0.001), insulin level (r = -0.079, P < 0.001) and insulin resistance (r = -0.065, P = 0.002). Compared with group-H, group-L was associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes (odds ratio 2.107, 95% confidence interval 1.123-3.955), impaired fasting glucose (odds ratio 2.106; 95% CI 1.528-2.902), and insulin resistance (odds ratio 1.359, 95% confidence interval 1.080-1.710) adjusted for age, education levels, cigarette smoking and lipid profiles. In the cohort study, the increased risk of impaired fasting glucose was significant in group-L vs group-H (3.3% vs 1.2%, P = 0.026).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Low serum osteocalcin level was a risk factor for impaired glucose metabolism and subsequent type 2 diabetes.
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.
authors.forename: Yaojie
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemotherapy, The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.|Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.
authors.forename: Aihua
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.
authors.forename: Danyan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.|Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.
authors.forename: Xiaobo
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.|Institute of Urology and Nephrology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.
authors.forename: Ming
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Liao
authors.affiliation: Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.
authors.forename: Yonghua
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.
authors.forename: Ziting
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.affiliation: Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.
authors.forename: Xinggu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.|Institute of Urology and Nephrology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.
authors.forename: Zheng
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.
authors.forename: Chunlei
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.|Department of Pharmacology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.
authors.forename: Shijun
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.|Medical Scientific Research Center, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.
authors.forename: Yanlin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.|Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.
authors.forename: Xue
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Qin
authors.affiliation: Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.|Institute of Urology and Nephrology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.
authors.forename: Zengnan
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Mo
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.|Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.
authors.forename: Haiying
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D044466:Asian People; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D044882:Glucose Metabolism Disorders / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015675:Osteocalcin / Q000097:blood*; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D015675:Osteocalcin; D005947:Glucose
keywords: Glucose metabolism; Insulin resistance; Osteocalcin