title: The organisation of spatial and temporal relations in memory.
abstract: Episodic memories are comprised of details of "where" and "when"; spatial and temporal relations, respectively. However, evidence from behavioural, neuropsychological, and neuroimaging studies has provided mixed interpretations about how memories for spatial and temporal relations are organised-they may be hierarchical, fully interactive, or independent. In the current study, we examined the interaction of memory for spatial and temporal relations. Using explicit reports and eye-tracking, we assessed younger and older adults' memory for spatial and temporal relations of objects that were presented singly across time in unique spatial locations. Explicit change detection of spatial relations was affected by a change in temporal relations, but explicit change detection of temporal relations was not affected by a change in spatial relations. Younger and older adults showed eye movement evidence of incidental memory for temporal relations, but only younger adults showed eye movement evidence of incidental memory for spatial relations. Together, these findings point towards a hierarchical organisation of relational memory. The implications of these findings are discussed in the context of the neural mechanisms that may support such a hierarchical organisation of memory.
authors.affiliation: a Rotman Research Institute , Baycrest, Toronto , ON , Canada.|b Department of Psychology , University of Toronto , Toronto , ON , Canada.
authors.forename: Renante
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rondina
authors.affiliation: a Rotman Research Institute , Baycrest, Toronto , ON , Canada.
authors.forename: Kaitlin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Curtiss
authors.affiliation: a Rotman Research Institute , Baycrest, Toronto , ON , Canada.|b Department of Psychology , University of Toronto , Toronto , ON , Canada.
authors.forename: Jed A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Meltzer
authors.affiliation: b Department of Psychology , University of Toronto , Toronto , ON , Canada.
authors.forename: Morgan D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Barense
authors.affiliation: a Rotman Research Institute , Baycrest, Toronto , ON , Canada.|b Department of Psychology , University of Toronto , Toronto , ON , Canada.|c Department of Psychiatry , University of Toronto , Toronto , ON , Canada.
authors.forename: Jennifer D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Ryan
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D005133:Eye Movements; D006801:Humans; D061212:Memory, Episodic; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D065852:Spatial Memory; D014796:Visual Perception; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Relational memory; ageing; eye movements; short-term memory; spatial and temporal relations