title: T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-containing molecule 3 on CD14+monocytes serves as a novel biological marker for diabetes duration in type 2 diabetes mellitus.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Type 2 diabetes is a worldwide disease that is associated with increased rates of obesity and reduced physical activity. Obesity-associated insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes is a disorder in the balance between pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory signals. T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-containing molecule 3 (Tim-3) has been reported as an important regulatory inflammation molecule, and plays a pivotal role in several inflammation-related diseases.
  
  
  METHODS
  Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were obtained from type 2 diabetes patients (n = 31) and healthy donors (n = 18), and Tim-3 expression on peripheral blood mononuclear cells was evaluated by flow cytometry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We showed the downregulated expression of Tim-3 on CD14+monocytes from type 2 diabetes patients. In addition, the upregulated expression of Tim-3 on peripheral CD4+T cells and CD8+T cells was observed in the present study. The correlation analysis between Tim-3 expression on CD14+monocytes and diabetes duration showed the longer diabetes duration time, the lower Tim-3 expression on CD14 monocytes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present results suggest that Tim-3 might participate in the progression of type 2 diabetes by its negative regulation on these immune cells, and Tim-3 on CD14+monocytes serves as a novel biological marker for diabetes duration in type 2 diabetes patients.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
authors.forename: Wen-Jiang
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.affiliation: Department of Intervention Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China.
authors.forename: Peng
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
authors.forename: Dan-Dan
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
authors.forename: Shuang-Xi
authors.initials: SX
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
authors.forename: Jing-Jing
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
authors.forename: Yi-Hui
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China. zhangc@sdu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Cheng
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D015704:CD4 Antigens / Q000378:metabolism; D016827:CD8 Antigens / Q000378:metabolism; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D000072597:Hepatitis A Virus Cellular Receptor 2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D018950:Lipopolysaccharide Receptors / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009000:Monocytes / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D015704:CD4 Antigens; D016827:CD8 Antigens; C448908:HAVCR2 protein, human; D000072597:Hepatitis A Virus Cellular Receptor 2; D018950:Lipopolysaccharide Receptors
keywords: Biological marker; T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-containing molecule 3; Type 2 diabetes