title: MR Imaging Applications in Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: An Imaging Update.
abstract: Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), also commonly referred to as concussion, affects millions of Americans annually. Although computed tomography is the first-line imaging technique for all traumatic brain injury, it is incapable of providing long-term prognostic information in mTBI. In the past decade, the amount of research related to magnetic resonance (MR) imaging of mTBI has grown exponentially, partly due to development of novel analytical methods, which are applied to a variety of MR techniques. Here, evidence of subtle brain changes in mTBI as revealed by these techniques, which are not demonstrable by conventional imaging, will be reviewed. These changes can be considered in three main categories of brain structure, function, and metabolism. Macrostructural and microstructural changes have been revealed with three-dimensional MR imaging, susceptibility-weighted imaging, diffusion-weighted imaging, and higher order diffusion imaging. Functional abnormalities have been described with both task-mediated and resting-state blood oxygen level-dependent functional MR imaging. Metabolic changes suggesting neuronal injury have been demonstrated with MR spectroscopy. These findings improve understanding of the true impact of mTBI and its pathogenesis. Further investigation may eventually lead to improved diagnosis, prognosis, and management of this common and costly condition. (©) RSNA, 2016.
authors.affiliation: From the Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, New York University School of Medicine, 660 First Ave, 4th Floor, New York, NY 10016.
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: From the Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, New York University School of Medicine, 660 First Ave, 4th Floor, New York, NY 10016.
authors.forename: Ivan I
authors.initials: II
authors.lastname: Kirov
authors.affiliation: From the Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, New York University School of Medicine, 660 First Ave, 4th Floor, New York, NY 10016.
authors.forename: Oded
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Gonen
authors.affiliation: From the Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, New York University School of Medicine, 660 First Ave, 4th Floor, New York, NY 10016.
authors.forename: Yulin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ge
authors.affiliation: From the Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, New York University School of Medicine, 660 First Ave, 4th Floor, New York, NY 10016.
authors.forename: Robert I
authors.initials: RI
authors.lastname: Grossman
authors.affiliation: From the Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, New York University School of Medicine, 660 First Ave, 4th Floor, New York, NY 10016.
authors.forename: Yvonne W
authors.initials: YW
authors.lastname: Lui
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D001921:Brain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D001923:Brain Chemistry; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D038524:Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D020300:Intracranial Hemorrhages / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D007501:Iron / Q000032:analysis; D060526:Magnetic Fields; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D008569:Memory Disorders / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D007501:Iron