title: Dental pulp-derived stromal cells exhibit a higher osteogenic potency than bone marrow-derived stromal cells in vitro and in a porcine critical-size bone defect model.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (BMSCs) was compared with that of dental pulp-derived stromal cells (DPSCs) in vitro and in a pig calvaria critical-size bone defect model.
  
  
  METHODS
  BMSCs and DPSCs were extracted from the tibia bone marrow and the molar teeth of each pig, respectively. BMSCs and DPSCs were cultured in monolayer and on a three-dimensional (3D) polycaprolactone (PCL) - hyaluronic acid - tricalcium phosphate (HT-PCL) scaffold. Population doubling (PD), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and calcium deposition were measured in monolayer. In the 3D culture ALP activity, DNA content, and calcium deposition were evaluated. Six non-penetrating critical-size defects were made in each calvarium of 14 pigs. Three paired sub-studies were conducted: (1) empty defects vs. HT-PCL scaffolds; (2) PCL scaffolds vs. HT-PCL scaffolds; and (3) autologous BMSCs on HT-PCL scaffolds vs. autologous DPSCs on HT-PCL scaffolds. The observation time was five weeks. Bone volume fractions (BV/TV) were assessed with micro-computed tomography (μCT) and histomorphometry.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results from the in vitro study revealed a higher ALP activity and calcium deposition of the DPSC cultures compared with BMSC cultures. Significantly more bone was present in the HT-PCL group than in both the pure PCL scaffold group and the empty defect group in vivo. DPSCs generated more bone than BMSCs when seeded on HT-PCL. In conclusion, DPSCs exhibited a higher osteogenic potential compared with BMSCs both in vitro and in vivo, making it a potential cell source for future bone tissue engineering.
authors.affiliation: Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Aarhus University Hospital Noerrebrogade 44 8000 Aarhus C Denmark ; Department of Radiology, Aarhus University Hospital Noerrebrogade 44 8000 Aarhus C Denmark.
authors.forename: Jonas
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jensen
authors.affiliation: Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Aarhus University Hospital Noerrebrogade 44 8000 Aarhus C Denmark ; Department of Radiology, Aarhus University Hospital Noerrebrogade 44 8000 Aarhus C Denmark.
authors.forename: Claus
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tvedesøe
authors.affiliation: Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Aarhus University Hospital Noerrebrogade 44 8000 Aarhus C Denmark ; Department of Orthopaedics, Aarhus University Hospital Noerrebrogade 44 8000 Aarhus C Denmark.
authors.forename: Jan Hendrik Duedal
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Rölfing
authors.affiliation: Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Aarhus University Hospital Noerrebrogade 44 8000 Aarhus C Denmark.
authors.forename: Casper Bindzus
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Foldager
authors.affiliation: Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Aarhus University Hospital Noerrebrogade 44 8000 Aarhus C Denmark.
authors.forename: Helle
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lysdahl
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Aarhus University Vennelyst Boulevard 9 8000 Aarhus C Denmark.
authors.forename: David Christian Evar
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Kraft
authors.affiliation: Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Aarhus University Hospital Noerrebrogade 44 8000 Aarhus C Denmark ; Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University Gustav Wieds Vej 14 8000 Aarhus C Denmark.
authors.forename: Muwan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Aarhus University Hospital Noerrebrogade 44 8000 Aarhus C Denmark.
authors.forename: Jorgen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Baas
authors.affiliation: Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Aarhus University Hospital Noerrebrogade 44 8000 Aarhus C Denmark ; Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University Gustav Wieds Vej 14 8000 Aarhus C Denmark.
authors.forename: Dang Quang Svend
authors.initials: DQ
authors.lastname: Le
authors.affiliation: Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Aarhus University Hospital Noerrebrogade 44 8000 Aarhus C Denmark ; Department of Orthopaedics, Aarhus University Hospital Noerrebrogade 44 8000 Aarhus C Denmark.
authors.forename: Cody Eric
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Bünger
keywords: Animal Model; Bone Regeneration; Dental Pulp; Scaffolds; Tissue Engineering