title: Alterations in Hemoglobin and Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D are Related Before and After Weight Loss Independent of African Admixture.
abstract: African American (AA) and European American (EA) women often exhibit differences in hemoglobin (Hb) and 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], both of which can be altered by calorie restriction leading to weight loss. Given these known differences, it is of clinical interest to examine the potential for race-specific, adverse responses to weight loss. Sixty-four overweight (BMI 27-29.9 kg/m2), premenopausal women consumed a standardized, very-low calorie diet to reduce BMI < 25 kg/m2. Ancestry informative markers provided estimates of African admixture, an objective mean of expressing race. Blood sampling and anthropometric measures were performed at baseline and upon meeting target BMI. At baseline, in the overweight state, Hb (g/dL) (AA, 11.7 ± 0.9 vs. EA, 12.5 ± 0.8; p < .01) and 25(OH)D (nmol/L) (AA, 35.7 ± 12.9 vs. EA, 57.0 ± 20.0; p < .01) were lower in AAs. After weight loss, Hb decreased (AA, -0.5 ± 0.7 vs. EA, -0.4 ± 0.6; p = .48) to a similar extent among races. Conversely, 25(OH)D increased (AA, 43.4 ± 14.0 vs. EA 68.2 ± 24.3; p < .01) though the magnitude of change (Δ) was not different (AA, +7.8 ± 13.5 vs. EA, +11.2 ± 16.7; p = .37) between races. Multiple linear regression revealed a positive association between ΔHb and Δ25(OH)D (r = .386; p < .01) adjusted for African admixture, Δtestosterone, and Δbody fat%. Path analyses revealed a significant indirect effect of Δbody fat% on ΔHb through Δ25(OH)D, β =-0.023, CI [-0.06, -0.004]. Following 15% weight loss, participants with the largest increase in serum 25(OH)D exhibited the smallest decrease in Hb. Future research should clarify the optimal degree of calorie restriction to stimulate weight loss while mitigating the potential risk of anemia associated with dieting efforts.
authors.forename: Stephen J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Carter
authors.forename: Eric P
authors.initials: EP
authors.lastname: Plaisance
authors.forename: Gordon
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Fisher
authors.forename: Jose R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Fernandez
authors.forename: Barbara A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Gower
authors.forename: Gary R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Hunter
mesh_terms: D050154:Adiposity; D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American; D001823:Body Composition; D015992:Body Mass Index; D001835:Body Weight; D015444:Exercise; D005260:Female; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D050177:Overweight / Q000097:blood* / Q000208:ethnology; D055070:Resistance Training; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000097:blood; D015431:Weight Loss / Q000208:ethnology*; D044465:White People; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D006454:Hemoglobins; D014807:Vitamin D; C104450:25-hydroxyvitamin D
keywords: adiposity; dieting; hormones; race disparity