title: Polymer Membranes with Vertically Oriented Pores Constructed by 2D Freezing at Ambient Temperature.
abstract: Polymer membranes with well-controlled and vertically oriented pores are of great importance in the applications for water treatment and tissue engineering. On the basis of two-dimensional solvent freezing, we report environmentally friendly facile fabrication of such membranes from a broad spectrum of polymer resources including poly(vinylidene fluoride), poly(l-lactic acid), polyacrylonitrile, polystyrene, polysulfone and polypropylene. Dimethyl sulfone, diphenyl sulfone, and arachidic acid are selected as green solvents crystallized in the polymer matrices under two-dimensional temperature gradients induced by water at ambient temperature. Parallel Monte Carlo simulations of the lattice polymers demonstrate that the directional process is feasible for each polymer holding suitable interaction with a corresponding solvent. As a typical example of this approach, poly(vinylidene fluoride) membranes exhibit excellent tensile strength, high optical transparence, and outstanding separation performance for the mixtures of yeasts and lactobacilli.
authors.affiliation: MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027, China.
authors.forename: Hong-Qing
authors.initials: HQ
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of High Performance Polymer Materials and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093, China.
authors.forename: Ke-Jia
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Ji
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of High Performance Polymer Materials and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093, China.
authors.forename: Li-Yun
authors.initials: LY
authors.lastname: Zha
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of High Performance Polymer Materials and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093, China.
authors.forename: Wen-Bing
authors.initials: WB
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027, China.
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ou
authors.affiliation: MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027, China.
authors.forename: Zhi-Kang
authors.initials: ZK
authors.lastname: Xu
keywords: Monte Carlo simulation; directional freezing; porous membrane; temperature gradient; vertical pores