title: Nanoscopic voltage distribution of operating cascade laser devices in cryogenic temperature.
abstract: A nanoscopic exploratory measurement technique to measure voltage distribution across an operating semiconductor device in cryogenic temperature has been developed and established. The cross-section surface of the terahertz (THz) quantum cascade laser (QCL) has been measured that resolves the voltage distribution at nanometer scales. The electric field dissemination across the active region of the device has been attained under the device's lasing conditions at cryogenic temperature of 77 K.
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Dhar
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ban
keywords: Atomic force microscopy; cryogenic temperature; nanoscopic probing; quantum cascade lasers; scanning voltage microscopy