title: The Associations between Peripheral Artery Disease and Physical Outcome Measures in Men and Women with Chronic Kidney Disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is highly prevalent and associated with significant morbidity and mortality, but sex-based differences are incompletely understood. We sought to define the associations between PAD and physical outcome measures and to determine if these associations differed by sex in the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort.
  
  
  METHODS
  Among 3,543 participants, we assessed the cross-sectional relationship between PAD severity defined by ankle-brachial index; and (1) physical activity (metabolic equivalent [MET]-hr/wk), (2) walking pace (slow versus medium and/or fast), and (3) physical function (12-item Short Form Health Survey [SF-12]) at baseline.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In a multivariable linear regression model, PAD severity was not associated with physical activity defined by total MET-hr per wk in men or women (P = 0.432). However, PAD severity was significantly associated with walking activity (P = 0.037), although this relationship did not differ by sex (P = 0.130). Similarly, PAD severity was significantly associated with walking pace (P < 0.001), although this relationship did not differ by sex (P = 0.086). In contrast, there was an independent association between PAD severity and SF-12 (P = 0.018), with a significant interaction by sex (P < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data suggest that tools used to evaluate the functional consequences of PAD should focus on walking activity and walking pace, as well as physical function, where sex-specific associations should be accounted for.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA. Electronic address: Grace.Wang@uphs.upenn.edu.
authors.forename: Grace J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA.
authors.forename: Pamela A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Shaw
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.
authors.forename: Raymond R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Townsend
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA.
authors.forename: Amanda H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA.
authors.forename: Dawei
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA.
authors.forename: Xue
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA.
authors.forename: Lisa C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Nessel
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.
authors.forename: Emile R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Mohler
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Medical Center, Baltimore, MD.
authors.forename: Stephen M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Sozio
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Medical Center, Baltimore, MD.
authors.forename: Bernard G
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: Jaar
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH.
authors.forename: Jackson
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wright
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH.
authors.forename: Jonathan J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Taliercio
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI.
authors.forename: Akinlolu
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ojo
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL.
authors.forename: Ana C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Ricardo
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University Health Science Center, New Orleans, LA.
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lustigova
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.
authors.forename: Ronald M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Fairman
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA.
authors.forename: Harold I
authors.initials: HI
authors.lastname: Feldman
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.
authors.forename: Bonnie
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ky
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D055109:Ankle Brachial Index; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D017079:Exercise Tolerance; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D054624:Health Status Disparities; D006305:Health Status Indicators; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D058729:Peripheral Arterial Disease / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012737:Sex Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013997:Time Factors; D014481:United States; D016138:Walking; D055815:Young Adult