title: Reducing SAR requirements in multislice volumetric single-shot spatiotemporal MRI by two-dimensional RF pulses.
abstract: Spatiotemporal encoding (SPEN) can deliver single-scan MR images without folding complications and with increased robustness to chemical shift and susceptibility artifacts. Yet, it does so at the expense of relatively high specific absorption rates (SAR) owing to its reliance on frequency-swept pulses. This study describes SPEN implementations aimed at full three-dimensional (3D) multislice imaging, possessing reduced SAR thanks to an implementation based on new 2D radiofrequency (RF) pulses.
  
  
  
  Fully refocused spin- and stimulated-echo SPEN sequences incorporating 2D spatial/spatial swept RF pulses were implemented at 3 Tesla and compared to echo planar imaging. The use of effective 90-degree slice-selective excitation pulses enabled the scanning of 3D volumes with a low SAR.
  
  
  
  Experiments validating the theoretical expectations were carried out on phantoms and on human volunteers, including zooming and diffusion measurements. The chosen sequences showed much smaller SARs than EPI, while delivering similar sensitivities when targeting human brain and fewer distortions when targeting human breast.
  
  
  
  Two-dimensional RF pulses can exploit SPEN's advantages while fulfilling the SAR and multislice coverage demands required for clinical imaging. Magn Reson Med 77:1959-1965, 2017. © 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
authors.forename: Gilad
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Liberman
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
authors.forename: Lucio
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Frydman
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D016477:Artifacts; D001921:Brain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D001931:Brain Mapping; D001940:Breast / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D017352:Echo-Planar Imaging / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D011846:Radio Waves
keywords: MRI; SAR; SPEN; multidimensional RF pulses; single-scan MRI