title: Disease-specific longevity of impulse generators in deep brain stimulation and review of the literature.
abstract: Deep brain stimulation (DBS) represents an established and internationally approved therapy for movement disorders. In the present retrospective analysis, we evaluated disease-specific longevity of dual channel impulse generators (IPG) used in different movement disorders. We correlated the battery lifetime with electrical stimulation settings, "total electrical energy delivered" (TEED), stimulation modi (monopolar, double monopolar and bipolar) and targets. Specifically, we reviewed the longevity and stimulation settings of 464 IPGs implanted between 1996 until 2011 in a single university center. Disease entities comprised Parkinson's disease (PD, n = 257), dystonia (n = 130) and essential tremor (ET, n = 50). Further subanalyses aimed at assessing differential longevity in different subtypes of PD and dystonia. The main finding relates to longer IPG longevity in ET (thalamic DBS) and PD (subthalamic DBS) vs. dystonia (pallidal DBS; 71.9 ± 6.7 vs. 51.5 ± 2.3 vs. 37 ± 2 months). In PD the tremor-dominant type was associated with a significant shorter battery survival than in the akinetic-rigid type without tremor or the "balanced" type with tremor, bradykinesia and rigidity (38.8 ± 3.9 vs. 53.6 ± 3.4 vs. 58.8 ± 4.1 months), while there were no significant differences in longevity between the subtypes of dystonia. Frequency, amplitude, pulse widths and TEED correlated inversely with battery lifetime. Pallidal DBS in dystonia is associated with a shorter lifetime of IPGs than subthalamic or thalamic DBS for PD or ET. The present results may contribute to the rapidly evolving refinement of DBS devices. Future studies that assess energy consumption both in patients with and without IPG replacement could help to avoid potential underestimation of longevity of IPGs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, Charite University Medicine Berlin, Campus Virchow Klinikum & Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Christoph
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: van Riesen
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, Charite University Medicine Berlin, Campus Virchow Klinikum & Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Georg
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tsironis
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, Charite University Medicine Berlin, Campus Virchow Klinikum & Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany.|Kliniken Beelitz, Movement Disorder Clinic, Paracelsusring 6 a, Beelitz-Heilstätten, Germany.
authors.forename: Doreen
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gruber
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, Charite University Medicine Berlin, Campus Virchow Klinikum & Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Fabian
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Klostermann
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, Charite University Medicine Berlin, Campus Virchow Klinikum & Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Krause
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, Charite University Medicine Berlin, Campus Virchow Klinikum & Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Gerd Helge
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Schneider
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology and Stereotactic Neurosurgery, Otto-von-Guericke University, Leipziger Str. 44, Magdeburg, Germany. kontakt@neurologie-bewegt.de.|NEUROLOGY MOVES, Bismarckstr. 45-47, Berlin, Germany. kontakt@neurologie-bewegt.de.
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kupsch
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002648:Child; D046690:Deep Brain Stimulation / Q000295:instrumentation*; D020821:Dystonic Disorders / Q000628:therapy*; D011211:Electric Power Supplies / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D004567:Electrodes, Implanted / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D020329:Essential Tremor / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000628:therapy*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Battery longevity; Deep brain stimulation; Dystonia; Essential tremor; Impulse generator; Parkinson’s disease