title: Psychiatric morbidity in patients of pulmonary tuberculosis-an observational study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A lot of stigma and misconceptions about pulmonary tuberculosis still persist, in spite of the advances in treatment. Thus, a mere diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis can be a psychological trauma to an individual. The situation has aggravated with the association of tuberculosis with HIV infection.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To study the psychiatric morbidity due to the various psychological stresses faced by a patient of pulmonary tuberculosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study group consisted of 100 inpatients admitted to pulmonary ward with diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis. The control group consisted of 100 inpatients admitted to pulmonary ward with nontuberculous pulmonary diseases. Psychiatric history and mental status were recorded on a specially designed proforma and diagnosis of any psychiatric illness, if present, arrived at as per International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10). The psychiatric tests applied were beck's depression inventory (BDI) and Taylor's Manifest Anxiety Scale (TMAS).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the patients of pulmonary tuberculosis, 24% could be given a diagnostic category, as per ICD-10, as compared to only 8% of the controls (P < 0.005). On BDI, 44% of patients of pulmonary tuberculosis showed depression as compared to 27% of the controls (P < 0.02). On TMAS, 38% of patients of pulmonary tuberculosis showed anxiety as compared to 24% of controls (P < 0.05). A greater incidence of depression (on BDI) and anxiety (on TMAS) was seen in those with longer duration of illness (P < 0.02) and in those with greater severity of illness (P < 0.02).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In view of the high psychiatric morbidity associated with pulmonary tuberculosis, there is enough scope for psychiatric services to be made available to these patients. In addition, personnel involved in the treatment of these patients should be trained for early detection of psychiatric symptoms.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pulmonary Medicine, SRMS IMS, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Lalit
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, SRMS IMS, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Pavan Kumar
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Pardal
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Command Hospital (EC), Kolkata, West Bengal, India.
authors.forename: Jyoti
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Prakash
keywords: Anxiety; depression; psychiatric morbidity; pulmonary tuberculosis