title: Effect of Residents on Operative Time and Complications: Focus on Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy in the Community.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To better understand important aspects of resident education in the perioperative setting, given that there are conflicting data regarding resident training and outcomes (e.g., operative times and complications). To study continuity of care in a resident-run outpatient hospital clinic.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective analysis of 2 databases.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was set up in a community teaching hospital.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 4603 cases in a cholecystectomy database, 3302 (72%) were assisted by residents, with operative times ranging from 19 to 383 minutes, and 1576 (22.9%) were assisted by nonresidents. The average times were 93 and 77 minutes for resident- and non-resident-assisted cases, respectively. Complications were almost 3 times more likely for urgent vs. elective but were similar for resident-assisted vs. non-resident-assisted cases. The operative time was similar across PGY levels. Of 149 cases in a resident-run outpatient clinic, 100 (67%) of the residents participated in preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative phases of case, but in only 4% of cases was it the same resident.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Resident assistance increased operative times but not complications. Counterbalanced effects of increasing skill and increasing participation may explain this time stability across PGY levels. Continuity of care is preserved in the era of the 80-hour workweek, but not to a patient-specific degree.
authors.affiliation: The Department of Surgery, Saint Agnes Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland.
authors.forename: Hadia
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Maqsood
authors.affiliation: The Department of Surgery, Saint Agnes Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland.
authors.forename: Thomas J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Buddensick
authors.affiliation: The Department of Surgery, Saint Agnes Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland.
authors.forename: Kalpesh
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.affiliation: The Department of Surgery, Saint Agnes Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland.
authors.forename: Hamid
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ferdosi
authors.affiliation: The Department of Surgery, Saint Agnes Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland.
authors.forename: Amanda
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sautter
authors.affiliation: The Department of Surgery, Saint Agnes Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland.
authors.forename: Lisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Setiawan
authors.affiliation: The Department of Surgery, Saint Agnes Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland.
authors.forename: Anne M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Sill
authors.affiliation: The Department of Surgery, Saint Agnes Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland.
authors.forename: Gopal C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Kowdley
authors.affiliation: The Department of Surgery, Saint Agnes Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland. Electronic address: Steven.Cunningham@stagnes.org.
authors.forename: Steven C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Cunningham
mesh_terms: D017081:Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic / Q000193:education*; D002983:Clinical Competence; D004503:Education, Medical, Graduate; D005260:Female; D006764:Hospitals, Community; D006784:Hospitals, Teaching; D006801:Humans; D007396:Internship and Residency; D007902:Length of Stay / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D061646:Operative Time; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: Patient Care; Systems-Based Practice; cholecystectomy; complications; continuity of care; operative time; patient safety; resident education