title: Transcriptional and Bioinformatic Analysis Provide a Relationship between Host Response Changes to Marek's Disease Viruses Infection and an Integrated Long Terminal Repeat.
abstract: GX0101, Marek's disease virus (MDV) strain with a long terminal repeat (LTR) insert of reticuloendotheliosis virus (REV), was isolated from CVI988/Rispens vaccinated birds showing tumors. We have constructed a LTR deleted strain GX0101ΔLTR in our previous study. To compare the host responses to GX0101 and GX0101ΔLTR, chicken embryo fibroblasts (CEF) cells were infected with two MDV strains and a gene-chip containing chicken genome was employed to examine gene transcription changes in host cells in the present study. Of the 42,368 chicken transcripts on the chip, there were 2199 genes that differentially expressed in CEF infected with GX0101 compared to GX0101ΔLTR significantly. Differentially expressed genes were distributed to 25 possible gene networks according to their intermolecular connections and were annotated to 56 pathways. The insertion of REV LTR showed the greatest influence on cancer formation and metastasis, followed with immune changes, atherosclerosis, and nervous system disorders in MDV-infected CEF cells. Based on these bio functions, GX0101 infection was predicated with a greater growth and survival inhibition but lower oncogenicity in chickens than GX0101ΔLTR, at least in the acute phase of infection. In summary, the insertion of REV LTR altered the expression of host genes in response to MDV infection, possibly resulting in novel phenotypic properties in chickens. Our study has provided the evidence of retroviral insertional changes of host responses to herpesvirus infection for the first time, which will promote to elucidation of the possible relationship between the LTR insertion and the observed phenotypes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural UniversityTai'an, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural UniversityTai'an, China.
authors.forename: Ning
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University Tai'an, China.
authors.forename: Xianyao
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Cuiying
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Qingdao Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Research Institute Qingdao, China.
authors.forename: Haiyu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hao
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural UniversityTai'an, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural UniversityTai'an, China.
authors.forename: Shuai
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Su
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural UniversityTai'an, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural UniversityTai'an, China.
authors.forename: Zhizhong
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Cui
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002642:Chick Embryo; D002645:Chickens / Q000821:virology; D019295:Computational Biology; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000821:virology; D025922:Mardivirus / Q000235:genetics*; D008380:Marek Disease / Q000821:virology*; D016254:Mutagenesis, Insertional; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D011201:Poultry Diseases / Q000821:virology*; D001356:Reticuloendotheliosis virus / Q000235:genetics; D020079:Terminal Repeat Sequences / Q000235:genetics*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000235:genetics
keywords: Marek's disease virus; bioinformatic analysis; long terminal repeat; microarrays; virus evolution