title: Comparison of preoperative rectal paracetamol with paracetamol - diclofenac combination for postoperative analgesia in pediatric surgeries under general anesthesia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Traditionally, pain in children is a topic that has received only minimal attention. However, in the recent times, considerable progress has been made in the field of neonatal and pediatric pharmacology. The concept of preemptive analgesia is important in combating postoperative pain in children. In this study, we sought to compare the effectiveness of preemptive analgesia provided by paracetamol alone and by its combination with diclofenac when administered per rectum.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To compare the efficacy of preoperative rectal paracetamol with paracetamol - diclofenac combination for postoperative analgesia in pediatric surgeries under general anesthesia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective randomized double-blind study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty children scheduled for various surgeries under general anesthesia were randomly allocated into two Groups A and B, with 30 in each. Children in Group A received paracetamol suppository 20 mg/kg and those in Group B received paracetamol 20 mg/kg + diclofenac 2 mg/kg as suppository immediately after tracheal intubation. All the children were assessed for 24 h from the time of extubation. The pain was measured using numerical rating scale in children above 7 years and face-legs-activity-cry-consolability scale in children below 7 years. The time interval between extubation and the administration of the first dose of rescue analgesic was taken as the duration of postoperative analgesia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Descriptive and inferential statistical methods were used to analyze the data.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The duration of postoperative analgesia was significantly longer in paracetamol + diclofenac group (21.13 ± 2.68 h) as compared to paracetamol alone group (10.18 ± 2.39 h).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The combination of paracetamol and diclofenac administered per rectum preoperatively is more effective than paracetamol alone in providing postoperative analgesia in children.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesiology, NRI Medical College, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Srivishnu Vardhan
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Yallapragada
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesiology, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: Thrivikram
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shenoy
keywords: Diclofenac; paracetamol; postoperative analgesia; preemptive analgesia; suppository