title: Child dietary and eating behavior outcomes up to 3.5 years after an early feeding intervention: The NOURISH RCT.
abstract: To evaluate dietary intake impact outcomes up to 3.5 years after the NOURISH early feeding intervention (concealed allocation, assessor masked randomized controlled trial).
  
  
  
  In this study, 698 first-time mothers with healthy term infants were allocated to receive anticipatory guidance on protective feeding practices or usual care. Outcomes were assessed at 2, 3.7, and 5 years (3.5 years post-intervention). Dietary intake was assessed by 24-h recall and Child Dietary Questionnaire. Mothers completed a food preference questionnaire and Children's Eating Behavior Questionnaire. Linear mixed models assessed group, time, and time × group effects.
  
  
  
  There were no group or time × group effects for fruit, vegetable, discretionary food, and nonmilk sweetened beverage intake. Intervention children showed a higher preference for fruit (74.6% vs. 69.0% liked, P < 0.001), higher Child Dietary Questionnaire score for fruit and vegetables (15.3 vs. 14.5, target ≥18, P = 0.03), lower food responsiveness (2.3 vs. 2.4, of maximum 5, P = 0.04), and higher satiety responsiveness (3.1 vs. 3.0, of maximum 5, P = 0.04).
  
  
  
  Compared with usual care, an early feeding intervention providing anticipatory guidance regarding positive feeding practices led to small improvements in child dietary score, food preferences, and eating behaviors up to 5 years of age, but not in dietary intake measured by 24-h recall.
authors.affiliation: Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia.
authors.forename: Anthea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Magarey
authors.affiliation: Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia.
authors.forename: Chelsea
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mauch
authors.affiliation: School of Exercise and Nutritional Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.|School of Psychology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
authors.forename: Kimberley
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mallan
authors.affiliation: Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia.
authors.forename: Rebecca
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Perry
authors.affiliation: Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia.
authors.forename: Rachel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Elovaris
authors.affiliation: School of Exercise and Nutritional Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
authors.forename: Jo
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Meedeniya
authors.affiliation: School of Exercise and Nutritional Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
authors.forename: Rebecca
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Byrne
authors.affiliation: Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia.|School of Exercise and Nutritional Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
authors.forename: Lynne
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Daniels
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002664:Child Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004032:Diet / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D004034:Diet Surveys; D004435:Eating; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D005518:Food Preferences; D005638:Fruit; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D000068101:Maternal-Child Health Services / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D009035:Mothers; D015397:Program Evaluation; D012527:Satiation; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013997:Time Factors; D014675:Vegetables