title: AIR POLLUTION INFLUENCES ON EXHALED NITRIC OXIDE AMONG PEOPLE WITH TYPE II DIABETES.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In a population with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), we examined associations of short-term air pollutant exposures with pulmonary inflammation, measured as fraction of exhaled pulmonary nitric oxide (FeNO).
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty-nine Boston Metropolitan residents with T2DM completed up to 5 bi-weekly visits with 321 offline FeNO measurements. We measured ambient concentrations of particle mass, number and components at our stationary central site. Ambient concentrations of gaseous air pollutants were obtained from state monitors. We used linear models with fixed effects for participants, adjusting for 24-hour mean temperature, 24-hour mean water vapor pressure, season, and scrubbed room NO the day of the visit, to estimate associations between FeNO and interquartile range increases in exposure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Interquartile increases in the 6-hour averages of black carbon (BC) (0.5 μg/m3) and particle number (PN) (1,000 particles/cm3) were associated with increases in FeNO of 3.84% (95% CI 0.60% to 7.18%) and 9.86 % (95% CI 3.59% to 16.52%), respectively. We also found significant associations of increases in FeNO with increases in 24-hour moving averages of BC, PN and nitrogen oxides (NOx).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Recent studies have focused on FeNO as a marker for eosinophilic pulmonary inflammation in asthmatic populations. This study adds support to the relevance of FeNO as a marker for pulmonary inflammation in diabetic populations, whose underlying chronic inflammatory status is likely to be related to innate immunity and proinflammatory adipokines.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Health, Harvard University School of Public Health, Boston, MA.
authors.forename: Cheng
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Health, Harvard University School of Public Health, Boston, MA.
authors.forename: Heike
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Luttmann-Gibson
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Health, Harvard University School of Public Health, Boston, MA.
authors.forename: Antonella
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zanobetti
authors.affiliation: Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA.
authors.forename: Allison
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Health, Harvard University School of Public Health, Boston, MA.
authors.forename: Celine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: De Souza
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA.
authors.forename: Brent A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Coull
authors.affiliation: Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA.
authors.forename: Edward S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Horton
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Health, Harvard University School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Channing Laboratory, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.
authors.forename: Joel
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Schwartz
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Health, Harvard University School of Public Health, Boston, MA.
authors.forename: Petros
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Koutrakis
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Health, Harvard University School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Channing Laboratory, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.
authors.forename: Diane R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Gold
keywords: air pollution; diabetes mellitus; epidemiology; fraction of exhaled nitric oxide; particles