title: Exposure to Aedes aegypti Bites Induces a Mixed-Type Allergic Response following Salivary Antigens Challenge in Mice.
abstract: Classical studies have shown that Aedes aegypti salivary secretion is responsible for the sensitization to mosquito bites and many of the components present in saliva are immunogenic and capable of inducing an intense immune response. Therefore, we have characterized a murine model of adjuvant-free systemic allergy induced by natural exposure to mosquito bites. BALB/c mice were sensitized by exposure to A. aegypti mosquito bites and intranasally challenged with phosphate-buffered saline only or the mosquito's salivary gland extract (SGE). Blood, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and lung were collected and evaluated for cellularity, histopathological analyses, cytokines and antibody determination. Respiratory pattern was analyzed by Penh measurements and tracheal segments were obtained to study in vitro reactivity to methacholine. BAL recovered from sensitized mice following challenge with SGE showed an increased number of eosinophils and Th2 cytokines such as IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13. Peribronchoalveolar eosinophil infiltration, mucus and collagen were also observed in lung parenchyma of sensitized mice, suggesting the development of a typical Th2 response. However, the antibody profile in serum of these mice evidenced a mixed-type response with presence of both, IgG1/IgE (Th2-related) and IgG2a (Th1-related) isotypes. In addition, changes in breathing pattern and tracheal reactivity to methacholine were not found. Taken together, our results show that A. aegypti bites trigger an atypical allergic reaction, with some classical cellular and soluble Th2 components in the lung, but also systemic Th1 and Th2 antibody isotypes and no change in either the respiratory pattern or the trachea responsiveness to agonist.
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo - SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Michele S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Barros
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo - SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Eliane
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gomes
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo - SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Daniele I
authors.initials: DI
authors.lastname: Gueroni
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo - SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Anderson D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Ramos
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo - SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Luciana
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mirotti
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo - SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Esther
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Florsheim
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo - SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Bruna
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bizzarro
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo - SP, Brazil.|Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
authors.forename: Ciro N R
authors.initials: CN
authors.lastname: Lino
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo - SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ceres
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Maciel
authors.affiliation: Graduate Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, University Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), São Paulo - SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Adriana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lino-Dos-Santos-Franco
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo - SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Wothan
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Tavares-de-Lima
authors.affiliation: Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo - SP, Brazil.|National Institute of Science and Technology in Molecular Entomology, National Council of Scientific and Technological Development (INCT-EM/CNPq), Rio de Janeiro - RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: Margareth L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Capurro
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo - SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Momtchilo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Russo
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo - SP, Brazil.|National Institute of Science and Technology in Molecular Entomology, National Council of Scientific and Technological Development (INCT-EM/CNPq), Rio de Janeiro - RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: Anderson
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-1859-4973
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sá-Nunes
mesh_terms: D000330:Aedes / Q000276:immunology*; D000485:Allergens / Q000276:immunology; D000818:Animals; D000906:Antibodies / Q000378:metabolism; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006967:Hypersensitivity / Q000276:immunology*; D007299:Insect Bites and Stings / Q000276:immunology*; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000378:metabolism; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000378:metabolism; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000378:metabolism; D015848:Interleukin-5 / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D012469:Salivary Glands / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D000485:Allergens; D000906:Antibodies; D016207:Cytokines; D015848:Interleukin-5; D016753:Interleukin-10; D015847:Interleukin-4; D007371:Interferon-gamma