title: In vitro and in vivo action of Piptadenia viridiflora (Kunth) Benth against Haemonchus contortus in sheep.
abstract: Anthelminthic resistant populations of Haemonchus contortus are a major problem in sheep rearing, but plant extracts may offer viable alternative treatments. In our preliminary studies, Piptadenia viridiflora was frequently selected by sheep grazing in the Cerrado. The present research evaluated its in vitro and in vivo anthelmintic activity. The HPLC chromatograms of P. viridiflora aqueous extract (AE) and ethanolic extract (EE) showed the presence of flavonoids. The total condensed tannin (proanthocyanidin) was 0.2 and 1.01% in AE and EE, respectively. In an egg hatching inhibition (EHI) test, the LC90 of AE was 2.4mg/mL, and, of EE, was 2.1mg/mL. After tannin extraction, higher EHI and lower LC90 were observed. In a larval development inhibition test, the LC90 of AE was 13.66mg/g of fecal culture. The highest dose of AE administered to mice (203.0mg/kg bw) was well tolerated, suggesting low toxicity. In vivo, AE was orally administered to lambs at 283mg/kg bw, and, at weeks one, two, and three post-treatment, the mean fecal egg count (FEC) was significantly lower than in untreated lambs (P<0.05). Blood parameters were normal and similar in untreated and treated sheep. For all lamb groups, the mean total serum protein was significantly higher at week two post-treatment than at other evaluated periods (P<0.05). Piptadenia viridiflora extracts had low condensed tannin content and exhibited high anthelminthic efficacy in vitro and significantly reduced FEC. Tannins were not shown to be the principal components affecting EHI, hence it is necessary to isolate and characterize the principal active P. viridiflora compounds, and to assess their possible synergism.
authors.affiliation: Federal University of Minas Gerais, Brazil, Institute of Biological Sciences, Department Parasitology, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, Campus Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 31270-901, Brazil.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Morais-Costa
authors.affiliation: Federal University of Minas Gerais, Brazil, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Avenida Universitária, 1000, Bairro Universitário, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais 39400-006, Brazil.
authors.forename: G A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Bastos
authors.affiliation: Federal University of Minas Gerais, Brazil, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Avenida Universitária, 1000, Bairro Universitário, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais 39400-006, Brazil.
authors.forename: A C M
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Soares
authors.affiliation: Federal University of Minas Gerais, Brazil, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Avenida Universitária, 1000, Bairro Universitário, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais 39400-006, Brazil.
authors.forename: E G L
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: Costa
authors.affiliation: Federal University of Minas Gerais, Brazil, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Avenida Universitária, 1000, Bairro Universitário, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais 39400-006, Brazil.
authors.forename: V O
authors.initials: VO
authors.lastname: Vasconcelos
authors.affiliation: Federal University of Minas Gerais, Brazil, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Avenida Universitária, 1000, Bairro Universitário, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais 39400-006, Brazil.
authors.forename: N J F
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Oliveira
authors.affiliation: Federal University of Minas Gerais, Brazil, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Avenida Presidente Antônio Carlos, 6627, Campus Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 31270-901, Brazil.
authors.forename: F C
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Braga
authors.affiliation: Federal University of Minas Gerais, Brazil, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Avenida Universitária, 1000, Bairro Universitário, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais 39400-006, Brazil. Electronic address: duartevet@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: E R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Duarte
authors.affiliation: Federal University of Minas Gerais, Brazil, Institute of Biological Sciences, Department Parasitology, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, Campus Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 31270-901, Brazil.
authors.forename: W S
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Lima
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000871:Anthelmintics / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007887:Fabaceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D006188:Haemonchiasis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000662:veterinary*; D006189:Haemonchus / Q000187:drug effects*; D007559:Ivermectin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007978:Levamisole / Q000627:therapeutic use; D051379:Mice; D010063:Ovum / Q000187:drug effects; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry; D012756:Sheep; D012757:Sheep Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000469:parasitology*; D018675:Toxicity Tests
chemical_list: D000871:Anthelmintics; D010936:Plant Extracts; D007978:Levamisole; D007559:Ivermectin
keywords: Blood parameters; Brazilian savanna; Plant extracts; Semiarid; Sheep; Toxicity