title: Innovative approaches to avoid electric shaving-induced skin irritation.
abstract: Globally, millions of men regularly remove their facial hair using an electric shaver. Over the course of several decades, the concept of an electric shaver has evolved from a relatively simple hand-powered apparatus to a technologically advanced device designed to provide the user with an optimum shaving experience. This requires a careful balance between robust removal of hair and skin comfort. By incorporating advanced scientific measurement and imaging technology into clinical testing, insights are being gained into skin comfort issues associated with hair removal practices. This study describes new research insights that have guided the development of electric shaving technology. These innovative features are designed to maximize hair removal and minimize the impact on skin health, thus enabling new levels of shaving efficacy and comfort to be attained.
authors.affiliation: Procter & Gamble Braun German Innovation Center, Frankfurter Strasse 145, 61476, Kronberg, Germany.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rietzler
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Allergie-Centrum-Charité, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Maurer
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Allergie-Centrum-Charité, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Siebenhaar
authors.affiliation: Procter & Gamble Braun German Innovation Center, Frankfurter Strasse 145, 61476, Kronberg, Germany.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Angelino
authors.affiliation: Procter & Gamble Braun German Innovation Center, Frankfurter Strasse 145, 61476, Kronberg, Germany.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Handt
authors.affiliation: Procter & Gamble Braun German Innovation Center, Frankfurter Strasse 145, 61476, Kronberg, Germany.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Burghardt
authors.affiliation: Procter & Gamble Braun German Innovation Center, Frankfurter Strasse 145, 61476, Kronberg, Germany.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Smetana
mesh_terms: D003872:Dermatitis / Q000209:etiology*; D006204:Hair Removal / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000295:instrumentation; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male
keywords: electric shaving; hair growth; hair treatment; male grooming; skin comfort; skin physiology/structure