title: Molecular biological correlation of fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose uptake in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (F-FDG) uptake and molecular biological markers in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Our patient population included 51 patients who underwent F-FDG PET/computed tomography before surgery. Excised tumor tissue was analyzed immunohistochemically using monoclonal antibodies for glucose transporter-1 (GLUT-1), GLUT-3, CD34 [microvessel density (MVD) marker], CD68 (macrophage marker), and CD163 (tumor-associated macrophage marker). The relationships among pathological factors [pathological T stage (p-T stage), pathological lymph node status (p-N status), pathological stage (p-stage), and pathological tumor length], the maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax), and these molecular biological markers were evaluated using Spearman's rank test and the Kruskal-Wallis test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  GLUT-1, GLUT-3, CD34, and CD163 significantly correlated with SUVmax (r=0.547, P<0.001 for GLUT-1; r=0.569, P<0.001 for GLUT-3; r=0.463, P=0.001 for CD34, r=0.455, P=0.001 for CD163), whereas SUVmax, GLUT-1, GLUT-3, CD34, and CD163 significantly correlated with p-T stage (r=0.552, P<0.001 for SUVmax, r=0.307, P=0.03 for GLUT-1, r=0.349, P=0.013 for GLUT-3, r=0.313, P=0.027 for CD34, r=0.526 for CD163, P<0.001), but not with p-N status. CD68 levels showed no significant correlation with SUVmax, p-T stage, p-stage, or p-N status.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  SUVmax, GLUT-1 expression, GLUT-3 expression, MVD, and TAMs show a relationship with the tumor stage and extent of ESCC. GLUT-1, GLUT-3, MVD, and TAMs are associated with the mechanism of F-FDG uptake in ESCC.
authors.affiliation: Departments of aRadiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center bSurgery, Kurume University School of Medicine cDepartment of Diagnostic Pathology, Kurume University Hospital, Kurume City dDivision of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, Fukuoka Tokushukai Hospital, Kasuga City, Fukuoka eDepartment of Radiology, Kinki University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama City, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: Yasumitsu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hirose
authors.forename: Hayato
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kaida
authors.forename: Akihiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kawahara
authors.forename: Satoru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Matono
authors.forename: Toshiaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: Seiji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kurata
authors.forename: Masayoshi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kage
authors.forename: Masatoshi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ishibashi
authors.forename: Toshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Abe
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001692:Biological Transport; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D000077277:Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma; D005260:Female; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18 / Q000378:metabolism*; D051272:Glucose Transporter Type 1 / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D051272:Glucose Transporter Type 1; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18