title: Mobilization of storage materials during light-induced germination of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) seeds.
abstract: The aim of this study was to analyze the metabolism of storage materials in germinating tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) seeds and to determine whether it is regulated by light via phytochromes. Wild type, single and multiple phytochrome A, B1 and B2 mutants were investigated. Imbibed seeds were briefly irradiated with far-red or far-red followed by red light, and germinated in darkness. Triacylglycerols and starch were quantified using biochemical assays in germinating seeds and seedlings during the first 5 days of growth. To investigate the process of fat-carbohydrate transformation, the activity of the glyoxylate cycle was assessed. Our results confirm the role of phytochrome in the control of tomato seed germination. Phytochromes A and B2 were shown to play specific roles, acting antagonistically in far-red light. While the breakdown of triacylglycerols proceeded independently of light, phytochrome control was visible in the next stages of the lipid-carbohydrate transformation. The key enzymes of the glyoxylate cycle, isocitrate lyase and malate synthase, were regulated by phytochrome(s). This was reflected in a greater increase of starch content during seedling growth in response to additional red light treatment. This study is the first attempt to build a comprehensive image of storage material metabolism regulation by light in germinating dicotyledonous seeds.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Biophysics, Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Kraków, Poland. Electronic address: aleksandra.eckstein@uj.edu.pl.
authors.forename: Aleksandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Eckstein
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Biophysics, Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Kraków, Poland. Electronic address: dominika.jagiello@uj.edu.pl.
authors.forename: Dominika
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Jagiełło-Flasińska
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Biophysics, Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Kraków, Poland. Electronic address: aleksandra.lewandowska@psb.ugent.be.
authors.forename: Aleksandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lewandowska
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Biophysics, Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Kraków, Poland. Electronic address: pawel.hermanowicz@uj.edu.pl.
authors.forename: Paweł
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hermanowicz
authors.affiliation: Institute of General Botany and Plant Physiology, University of Jena, Dornburger Str. 159, D-07743 Jena, Germany. Electronic address: klaus.appenroth@uni-jena.de.
authors.forename: Klaus-J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Appenroth
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Biophysics, Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Kraków, Poland; Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7A, 30-387 Kraków, Poland. Electronic address: halina.gabrys@uj.edu.pl.
authors.forename: Halina
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gabryś
mesh_terms: D001692:Biological Transport / Q000528:radiation effects; D018525:Germination / Q000528:radiation effects*; D006038:Glyoxylates / Q000378:metabolism; D008027:Light; D008055:Lipids; D018551:Solanum lycopersicum / Q000235:genetics / Q000528:radiation effects*; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics; D051942:Phytochrome A / Q000378:metabolism; D051939:Phytochrome B / Q000378:metabolism; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D036226:Seedlings / Q000378:metabolism / Q000528:radiation effects; D012639:Seeds / Q000196:embryology* / Q000378:metabolism; D013213:Starch / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D006038:Glyoxylates; D008055:Lipids; D051942:Phytochrome A; D010940:Plant Proteins; D051939:Phytochrome B; D013213:Starch; C031150:glyoxylic acid
keywords: Glyoxylate cycle; Lipids; Phytochromes; Red light; Seedling; Starch