title: Graphene Quantum Dots for Theranostics and Bioimaging.
abstract: Since their advent in the early 1990s, nanomaterials hold promise to constitute improved technologies in the biomedical area. In particular, graphene quantum dots (GQDs) were conjectured to produce new or improve current methods used for bioimaging, drug delivery, and biomarker sensors for early detection of diseases. This review article critically compares and discusses current state-of-the-art use of GQDs in biology and health sciences. It shows the ability of GQDs to be easily functionalised for use as a targeted multimodal treatment and imaging platform. The in vitro and in vivo toxicity of GQDs are explored showing low toxicity for many types of GQDs.
authors.affiliation: The MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials & Nanotechnology, School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington, Wellington, 6140, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Kathryn L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Schroeder
authors.affiliation: The MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials & Nanotechnology, School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington, Wellington, 6140, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Renee V
authors.initials: RV
authors.lastname: Goreham
authors.affiliation: The MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials & Nanotechnology, School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington, Wellington, 6140, New Zealand. thomas.nann@vuw.ac.nz.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nann
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003952:Diagnostic Imaging / Q000379:methods* / Q000639:trends; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems / Q000379:methods / Q000639:trends; D006108:Graphite / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D045663:Quantum Dots / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000378:metabolism; D000068936:Theranostic Nanomedicine / Q000379:methods* / Q000639:trends
chemical_list: D006108:Graphite
keywords: bioimaging; drug delivery; graphene quantum dots; toxicity