title: Challenging 'girls only' publicly funded human papillomavirus vaccination programmes.
abstract: This analysis examines the 'girls only' policy for publicly funded human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination programmes. Current funding policy in most Canadian provinces covers 'girls only' with the goal of reducing mortality and morbidity rates of HPV-related cervical cancer. Recent studies indicate increasing rates of other HPV-related cancers among cisgender men and women. The HPV vaccine is proving effective against some of these cancers. Statistics on HPV vaccine uptake among individuals with different gender expressions are scarce. Critics argue that a 'girls only' HPV vaccine policy is inequitable. We add to this critique by reflecting on the gender binary embedded in such policies and produced through epidemiological studies that attend differentially to females, reinforcing exclusionary practices that leave out those who form their gender identities across the spectrum. We then draw on deontological (duties-based) and utilitarian (utility-based) frameworks to show that these gendered policies are also unethical. These challenges to the assumptions underlying 'girls only' immunization programmes have implications for nurses and the healthcare system. If we are to advance equitable and ethical health outcomes, we entreat nurses as a collective to mobilize the public to lobby federal, provincial and territorial governments to fund more inclusive HPV vaccination policies.
authors.affiliation: Memorial University, St. John's, NL, Canada.
authors.forename: Victoria G
authors.initials: VG
authors.lastname: Law
authors.affiliation: Memorial University, St. John's, NL, Canada.
authors.forename: Diana L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Gustafson
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D006291:Health Policy; D006801:Humans; D017589:Immunization Programs; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections / Q000517:prevention & control*; D053918:Papillomavirus Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D060728:Reproductive Health; D012737:Sex Factors; D014611:Vaccination
chemical_list: D053918:Papillomavirus Vaccines
keywords: ethics; gender; health policy; papillomavirus vaccine; sexual health; social justice