title: Acute toxicity, biochemical and histopathological responses of endosulfan in Chanos chanos.
abstract: This study investigated 96h median lethal concentration of endosulfan (99%, pure α: β ratio of 7:3) by conducting static non-renewable acute toxicity bio-assay in Chanos chanos juvenile with average weight (110±5.65g). Further, the effect of different definitive doses (18.5, 19.5, 20.5, 21.5 and 22.5µg/L) of endosulfan on metabolic, heamato-immunoligcal and histopathological response were probed. Anti-oxidative enzymes CAT, SOD and GST showed significant (p<0.01) increase of activity in the liver, gill and brain during exposure to endosulfan in a dose and time dependent manner. The brain AChE activity showed significant (p<0.01) inhibition from 18.5 to 22.5µg/L exposure of endosulfan than the control group. LDH and MDH activity gradually increased with consequent increasing dose of endosulfan exposure in the liver, gill and brain. Similarly, ALT, AST and G6PDH activities in both liver and gill increased with consequent increases in the dose of endosulfan exposure. Immunological profile such as blood glucose and serum cortisol level significantly enhanced while respiratory burst activity declined with consequent increasing doses of endosulfan exposure. Histopathological alteration in the gill demonstrated curling of secondary lamellae, thickening of primary epithelium, shorting of secondary lamellae, epithelial hyperplasia, fusion of secondary lamellae, aneurism, and collapsed secondary lamellae due to dose dependent exposure of endosulfan. Liver histology illustrated cloudy swelling and necrosis with pyknotic nuclei to the moderate dose of endosulfan, whereas higher dose of endosulfan (21.5µg/L) displayed severe necrosis of hepatic cells. Overall results clearly indicate that acute exposure of endosulfan led to pronounced deleterious alterations on biochemical, heamato-immunological, and histopathological responses of C. chanos juvenile.
authors.affiliation: ICAR, National Institute of Abiotic Stress Management, Baramati, Pune 413115, India. Electronic address: neeraj_journal@live.in.
authors.forename: Neeraj
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.affiliation: ICAR-central Institute of Brackishwater Aquaculture, Chennai 600028, India.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ambasankar
authors.affiliation: ICAR, National Institute of Abiotic Stress Management, Baramati, Pune 413115, India.
authors.forename: K K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Krishnani
authors.affiliation: ICAR, Indian Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Ranchi 834010, India.
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.affiliation: ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai 400061, India.
authors.forename: Shashi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bhushan
authors.affiliation: ICAR, National Institute of Abiotic Stress Management, Baramati, Pune 413115, India.
authors.forename: P S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Minhas
mesh_terms: D000110:Acetylcholinesterase / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D004726:Endosulfan / Q000633:toxicity*; D005399:Fishes / Q000378:metabolism; D005880:Gills / Q000187:drug effects; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000378:metabolism; D007306:Insecticides / Q000633:toxicity*; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase / Q000378:metabolism; D007928:Lethal Dose 50; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects; D011506:Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D016897:Respiratory Burst / Q000187:drug effects; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D015415:Biomarkers; D001786:Blood Glucose; D007306:Insecticides; D011506:Proteins; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D000110:Acetylcholinesterase; D004726:Endosulfan; D006854:Hydrocortisone
keywords: Chanos chanos; Endosulfan; Histopathology; Metabolic enzymes; Stress biomarkers