title: Gradually increased oxygen administration promoted survival after hemorrhagic shock.
abstract: Gradually increased oxygen administration (GIOA) seems promising in hemorrhagic shock. However, the effects of GIOA on survival remain unclear, and details of GIOA are to be identified. After the induction of hemorrhagic shock, the rats were randomized into five groups (n = 9): normoxic group (Normo), hyperoxic group (Hypero), normoxic to hyperoxic group (GIOA1), long-time hypoxemic to hyperoxic group (GIOA2), and short-time hypoxemic to hyperoxic group (GIOA3). Survival was recorded for 96 h, plasma alanine transaminase, oxidative stress, hemodynamics, and blood gas were measured. The mean survival time of the GIOA3 was significantly longer than that of the Normo, Hypero, and GIOA2. Plasma alanine transaminase levels were significantly lower in the Normo, GIOA1, and GIOA3 compared to the Hypero and GIOA2 at 2 h post-resuscitation (PR). Plasma 3-nitrotyrosine levels at 2 h PR were significantly lower in the GIOA2 and GIOA3 compared to the Normo and Hypero. Central venous oxygen saturation at 2 h PR in the GIOA3 was significantly higher than the Normo; however, no significant difference was observed between GIOA1 and Normo. Besides, at 2 h PR, mean arterial pressure in the GIOA3 was significantly higher than the GIOA2; however, no significant difference was observed between GIOA1 and GIOA2. (1) GIOA could significantly prolong survival time compared to normoxemic resuscitation and hyperoxic resuscitation; (2) early moments of GIOA are critical to the benefits; and (3) hypoxemia at onset of resuscitation may be imperative, more works are needed to determine the optimal initial oxygen concentration of GIOA.
authors.affiliation: Department of Blood Products and Substitutes, Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, PR China.
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.affiliation: Department of Blood Products and Substitutes, Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, PR China.
authors.forename: Gan
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Blood Products and Substitutes, Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, PR China.
authors.forename: Guoxing
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: You
authors.affiliation: Department of Blood Products and Substitutes, Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, PR China.
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Blood Products and Substitutes, Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, PR China.
authors.forename: Mingzi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Department of Blood Products and Substitutes, Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, PR China.
authors.forename: Jingxiang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Department of Blood Products and Substitutes, Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, PR China.
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Blood Products and Substitutes, Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, PR China yyjhbw@163.com zhaolian@bmi.ac.cn zhouhtt1966@163.com.
authors.forename: Yujing
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.affiliation: Department of Blood Products and Substitutes, Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, PR China.
authors.forename: Lian
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Department of Blood Products and Substitutes, Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, PR China.
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhou
mesh_terms: D000410:Alanine Transaminase / Q000097:blood; D000818:Animals; D001784:Blood Gas Analysis; D006439:Hemodynamics; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D010100:Oxygen / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D051381:Rats; D012771:Shock, Hemorrhagic / Q000628:therapy*; D016019:Survival Analysis; D013997:Time Factors; D014443:Tyrosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: C002744:3-nitrotyrosine; D014443:Tyrosine; D000410:Alanine Transaminase; D010100:Oxygen
keywords: Hemorrhagic shock; gradual treatment; hyperoxic; hypoxemic; normoxic; resuscitation