title: Immunogenetic Pathogenesis of Celiac Disease and Non-celiac Gluten Sensitivity.
abstract: Celiac disease is the most common oral intolerance in Western countries. It results from an immune response towards gluten proteins from certain cereals in genetically predisposed individuals (HLA-DQ2 and/or HLA-DQ8). Its pathogenesis involves the adaptive (HLA molecules, transglutaminase 2, dendritic cells, and CD4(+) T-cells) and the innate immunity with an IL-15-mediated response elicited in the intraepithelial compartment. At present, the only treatment is a permanent strict gluten-free diet (GFD). Multidisciplinary studies have provided a deeper insight of the genetic and immunological factors and their interaction with the microbiota in the pathogenesis of the disease. Similarly, a better understanding of the composition of the toxic gluten peptides has improved the ways to detect them in food and drinks and how to monitor GFD compliance via non-invasive approaches. This review, therefore, addresses the major findings obtained in the last few years including the re-discovery of non-celiac gluten sensitivity.
authors.affiliation: Mucosal Immunology Laboratory, IBGM, Facultad de Medicina, Dpto. Pediatría e Inmunología, University of Valladolid-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, (4th floor) Av. Ramón y Cajal 7, 47005, Valladolid, Spain.
authors.forename: Celia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Escudero-Hernández
authors.affiliation: VU Medical Center Amsterdam, Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1108 Room 10E65, 1081 HZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Amado Salvador
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Peña
authors.affiliation: Gastroenterology Unit, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Madrid, 28006, Spain. d.bernardo.ordiz@gmail.com.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bernardo
mesh_terms: D002446:Celiac Disease / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology; D055050:Diet, Gluten-Free; D044127:Epigenesis, Genetic; D000069196:Gastrointestinal Microbiome; D005983:Glutens / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D055261:Immunogenetic Phenomena; D021182:Wheat Hypersensitivity / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: D005983:Glutens
keywords: Celiac disease; Gluten-free diet; Non-celiac gluten sensitivity; Oral tolerance; Pathogenesis