title: Systemic manifestations of hepatitis C infection.
abstract: Chronic hepatitis C (HCV) is a common infection affecting 185 million people worldwide. The most common manifestation of chronic HCV is progressive liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, liver failure and hepatocellular carcinoma. However, several systemic manifestations of HCV have been recognized and reported in the literature. The purpose of this review is to assimilate published literature based on evidence to categorize these extrahepatic manifestations with the likelihood of a causal association with HCV. Exciting recent developments have resulted in simple all oral interferon-free highly effective therapy for HCV. However, this treatment is also expensive and less accessible to most affected individuals as treatment recommendations are based on stage of liver fibrosis. Expanding the scope of HCV therapy to those with extrahepatic manifestations beyond what is currently recommended will significantly reduce the morbidity and mortality in this aging population.
authors.affiliation: Division of Clinical Care and Research, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 725 W Lombard St, Room S222, Baltimore, MD USA.
authors.forename: Lydia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: Division of Clinical Care and Research, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 725 W Lombard St, Room S222, Baltimore, MD USA.
authors.forename: Lauren
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Marcell
authors.affiliation: Division of Clinical Care and Research, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 725 W Lombard St, Room S222, Baltimore, MD USA.
authors.forename: Shyam
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kottilil
keywords: Autoantibodies; Cryoglobulinemia; HCV; Lymphoma