title: Age-dependent cognitive and affective differences in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases in relation to MRI findings.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare age-dependent changes in cognitive and affective functions related to white matter changes between patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD).
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively compared age-dependent cognitive and affective functions in 216 AD patients, 153 PD patients, and 103 healthy controls with cerebral white matter lesions (WMLs), periventricular hyperintensity (PVH), deep white matter hyperintensity (DWMH), micro-bleeds (MBs), and lacunar infarcts (LIs).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The average mini-mental state examination (MMSE) scores were 19.6±6.1 and 26.8±3.6 in AD and PD patients, respectively. Significant decreases were found in the MMSE score, Hasegawa's dementia scale-revised (HDS-R) score, frontal assessment battery score, and Abe's BPSD score (ABS) among the age-dependent AD subgroups and in the MMSE, HDS-R, Montreal cognitive assessment, geriatric depression scale, and ABS scores among the age-dependent PD subgroups; they were worse in AD patients. White matter changes were observed in >88% and >72% of patients with AD and PD, respectively. An age-dependent direct comparison of AD and PD showed significant differences in the PVH and DWMH grades, and numbers of MBs and LIs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  WML-related cognitive and affective functions worsen with age in AD and PD patients; however, the abnormalities were more frequent and stronger in AD patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan; Department of Occupational Therapy, Okayama Institute for Medical and Technical Sciences, Japan.
authors.forename: Ryo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tokuchi
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan.
authors.forename: Nozomi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hishikawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan.
authors.forename: Kota
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan.
authors.forename: Noriko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hatanaka
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan.
authors.forename: Yusuke
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fukui
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan.
authors.forename: Mami
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Takemoto
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan.
authors.forename: Yasuyuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ohta
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan.
authors.forename: Toru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamashita
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan. Electronic address: pun54yri@s.okayama-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Koji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Abe
mesh_terms: D000339:Affect; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D001921:Brain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D000066492:Cognitive Aging; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008609:Mental Status Schedule; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D066127:White Matter / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging
keywords: Affective function; Alzheimer's disease; Cognitive function; Parkinson's disease; White matter lesion