title: Active insecticides for Diaphania hyalinata selective for the natural enemy Solenopsis saevissima.
abstract: The objective of this study was to determine the toxicity of the nine synthetic dienamides against the insect pest Diaphania hyalinata (melonworm) and the selectivity of these substances for the predator Solenopsis saevissima (fire ant). Four bioassays were conducted. To begin with, the dienamides that caused high mortality of D. hyalinata have been selected. In the second bioassay the dose-mortality curves of the selected dienamides have been constructed. In the third bioassay, the survival curves for D. hyalinata and the elapsed time to kill 50% of their population have been determined. In the fourth biological test, the selectivity of the substances to the predator S. saevissima has been evaluated. The most active (2E,4E)-N-butylhexa-2,4-dienamide 3d has killed 95% of the melonworm, D. hyalinata, and less than 10% of the natural enemy S. saevissima. The results presented by this compound are superior to the outcome displayed by the commercial insecticide Malathion®. Three of the dienamides prepared in this manuscript have proven to be selective in killing the pest, but not the beneficial insect.
authors.affiliation: a Chemistry Department , Universidade Federal de Viçosa , Viçosa , MG , Brazil.
authors.forename: Alex R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Aguiar
authors.affiliation: a Chemistry Department , Universidade Federal de Viçosa , Viçosa , MG , Brazil.
authors.forename: Elson S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Alvarenga
authors.affiliation: b Entomology Department , Universidade Federal de Viçosa , Viçosa , MG , Brazil.
authors.forename: Mayara C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Lopes
authors.affiliation: b Entomology Department , Universidade Federal de Viçosa , Viçosa , MG , Brazil.
authors.forename: Izailda B Dos
authors.initials: IB
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.affiliation: b Entomology Department , Universidade Federal de Viçosa , Viçosa , MG , Brazil.
authors.forename: Tarcisio V
authors.initials: TV
authors.lastname: Galdino
authors.affiliation: b Entomology Department , Universidade Federal de Viçosa , Viçosa , MG , Brazil.
authors.forename: Marcelo C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Picanço
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001000:Ants; D001681:Biological Assay; D007306:Insecticides; D008294:Malathion; D009036:Moths; D011897:Random Allocation; D018675:Toxicity Tests
chemical_list: D007306:Insecticides; D008294:Malathion
keywords: Fire ant; insecticide; melonworm; sorbic acid