title: Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilm on implant material is reduced by a covalently linked thiophenone.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The present aims were firstly to coat metal implant material with a quorum sensing inhibitory thiophenone molecule, and secondly to assess the inhibitory effect on Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilm accumulation on thiophenone-coated coupons.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thiophenone- and control-coated metal coupons were prepared by silane hydrolysis and dip coating. The linking of thiophenone to the surface was confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses. Biofilm by Staph. epidermidis, a frequent cause of implant-associated infections, was allowed to form under flowing conditions for 48 h. The biofilm accumulations were significantly reduced on the thiophenone-coated coupons. This was confirmed by confocal scanning microscopy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study showed for the first time how a synthetic thiophenone may be covalently linked to a stainless steel surface, and that biofilm accumulations on such surfaces are significantly reduced.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Functionalizing surfaces by covalent linking of thiophenones might open a wide array of applications. Thiophenone coating of medical implants represents a novel and promising approach to prevent implant-associated infections.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Aamdal Scheie
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Elahe Jafari
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Chamgordani
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Ali-Oddin
authors.initials: AO
authors.lastname: Naemi
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Finn Knut
authors.initials: FK
authors.lastname: Hansen
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Tore
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Benneche
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry*; D018441:Biofilms / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D019736:Prostheses and Implants / Q000382:microbiology*; D016459:Prosthesis-Related Infections / Q000382:microbiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D053038:Quorum Sensing / Q000187:drug effects; D013193:Stainless Steel; D013203:Staphylococcal Infections / Q000382:microbiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D013212:Staphylococcus epidermidis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D013876:Thiophenes / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D013876:Thiophenes; D013193:Stainless Steel
keywords: Staphylococcus epidermidis; X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy; biofilm; confocal microscopy; covalent linking; quorum sensing; thiophenone