title: Synergism between sinusoidal-50 Hz magnetic field and formaldehyde in triggering carcinogenic effects in male Sprague-Dawley rats.
abstract: Experimental rodent bioassays performed up to now have failed to provide conclusive confirmation of the carcinogenicity of extremely low frequency magnetic fields (ELFMF).
  
  
  
  To evaluate the potential synergistic carcinogenic effects of concurrent exposure to ELFMF and formaldehyde in four groups of male and female Sprague-Dawley rats.
  
  
  
  One group was exposed from prenatal life until natural death to S-50 Hz MF and to formaldehyde in drinking water from 6 weeks of age for 104 weeks, two groups were treated only with formaldehyde or only with MF and one group served as untreated control.
  
  
  
  Compared to untreated controls, exposure to MF and formaldehyde causes in males a statistically significant increased incidence of malignant tumors (P ≤ 0.01), thyroid C-cell carcinomas (P ≤ 0.01), and hemolymphoreticular neoplasias (P ≤ 0.05). No statistically significant differences were observed among female groups.
  
  
  
  Life-span exposure to MF and formaldehyde induces statistically significant carcinogenic effects in male rats. Am. J. Ind. Med. 59:509-521, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
authors.affiliation: Cesare Maltoni Cancer Research Center, Ramazzini Institute, Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Morando
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Soffritti
authors.affiliation: Cesare Maltoni Cancer Research Center, Ramazzini Institute, Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Tibaldi
authors.affiliation: Cesare Maltoni Cancer Research Center, Ramazzini Institute, Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Michela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Padovani
authors.affiliation: Medical University of South Carolina, Chapel Hill, South Carolina.
authors.forename: David G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Hoel
authors.affiliation: National Institute for Insurance Against Injuries at Work (INAIL), Florence, Italy.
authors.forename: Livio
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Giuliani
authors.affiliation: Cesare Maltoni Cancer Research Center, Ramazzini Institute, Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Luciano
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bua
authors.affiliation: Cesare Maltoni Cancer Research Center, Ramazzini Institute, Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Michelina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lauriola
authors.affiliation: Cesare Maltoni Cancer Research Center, Ramazzini Institute, Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Falcioni
authors.affiliation: Cesare Maltoni Cancer Research Center, Ramazzini Institute, Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Manservigi
authors.affiliation: Cesare Maltoni Cancer Research Center, Ramazzini Institute, Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Fabiana
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Manservisi
authors.affiliation: Cesare Maltoni Cancer Research Center, Ramazzini Institute, Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Fiorella
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Belpoggi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002273:Carcinogens; D003043:Cocarcinogenesis; D005260:Female; D005557:Formaldehyde / Q000009:adverse effects*; D019337:Hematologic Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology*; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D007938:Leukemia / Q000209:etiology; D008223:Lymphoma / Q000209:etiology; D060526:Magnetic Fields / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012737:Sex Factors; D013964:Thyroid Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D002273:Carcinogens; D005557:Formaldehyde
keywords: Sprague-Dawley rats; carcinogenic synergism between S-50 Hz MF plus formaldehyde; hemolymphoreticular neoplasias; life-span bioassays; thyroid C-cell carcinomas