title: Anomalous connection of the left hepatic vein to coronary sinus in a child with PAPVD. Surgical significance and diagnostic difficulties.
abstract: Left hepatic vein (LHV) that drains blood into a coronary sinus (CS) is an extremely rare congenital anomaly of systemic vein drainage with only single reports published. In most of these cases the unusual venous connection was found incidentally during diagnostics or surgery. The case of a two-year-old boy in whom the anomaly was discovered during open heart surgery for partial anomalous pulmonary venous drainage (PAPVD) is presented. Difficulties in obtaining proper diagnosis preoperatively are confronted with postoperative echo findings. Embryology and evolution of sinus venosus are discussed to explain the persistent connection between hepatic venous circulation and a coronary sinus. The authors attempt to recapitulate the possible surgical consequences of LHV-CS continuity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiac Surgery and General Surgery for Children, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Maciej Aleksander
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Karolczak
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiac Surgery and General Surgery for Children, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Wojciech
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Mądry
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiac Surgery and General Surgery for Children, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Ewa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Zacharska-Kokot
keywords: coronary sinus anomalies; left hepatic vein; partial anomalous pulmonary venous drainage