title: [Vascular calcifications, the hidden side effects of vitamin K antagonists].
abstract: Despite the availability of new oral anticoagulants, vitamin K antagonists (VKA, such as fluindione, acenocoumarol or warfarin) remain currently the goal standard medicines for oral prevention or treatment of thromboembolic disorders. They inhibit the cycle of the vitamin K and its participation in the enzymatic gamma-carboxylation of many proteins. The VKA prevent the activation of the vitamin K-dependent blood clotting factors limiting thus the initiation of the coagulation cascade. But other proteins are vitamin K-dependent and also remain inactive in the presence of VKA. This is the case of matrix Gla-protein (MGP), a protein that plays a major inhibitory role in the development of vascular calcifications. Several experimental and epidemiological results suggest that the use of the VKA could promote the development of vascular calcifications increasing thus the cardiovascular risk. This risk seems to be higher in patients with chronic kidney disease or mellitus diabetes who are more likely to develop vascular calcifications, and may be due to a decrease of the MGP activity. This review aims at summarizing the data currently available making vascular calcifications the probably underestimated side effects of VKA.
authors.affiliation: Service de pharmacologie clinique, centre de recherche clinique, CHU d'Amiens-Picardie, avenue René-Laënnec, 80054 Amiens cedex 1, France; Inserm U1088, université Picardie-Jules-Verne, centre universitaire de recherche en santé, CHU d'Amiens-Picardie, 80054 Amiens cedex 1, France.
authors.forename: Youssef
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Bennis
authors.affiliation: Service de pharmacologie clinique, centre de recherche clinique, CHU d'Amiens-Picardie, avenue René-Laënnec, 80054 Amiens cedex 1, France.
authors.forename: Subashini
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vengadessane
authors.affiliation: Service de pharmacologie clinique, centre de recherche clinique, CHU d'Amiens-Picardie, avenue René-Laënnec, 80054 Amiens cedex 1, France; Inserm U1088, université Picardie-Jules-Verne, centre universitaire de recherche en santé, CHU d'Amiens-Picardie, 80054 Amiens cedex 1, France.
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bodeau
authors.affiliation: Service de pharmacologie clinique, centre de recherche clinique, CHU d'Amiens-Picardie, avenue René-Laënnec, 80054 Amiens cedex 1, France.
authors.forename: Valérie
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Gras
authors.affiliation: Service de pharmacologie clinique, centre de recherche clinique, CHU d'Amiens-Picardie, avenue René-Laënnec, 80054 Amiens cedex 1, France; Inserm U1088, université Picardie-Jules-Verne, centre universitaire de recherche en santé, CHU d'Amiens-Picardie, 80054 Amiens cedex 1, France.
authors.forename: Giampiero
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bricca
authors.affiliation: Inserm U1088, université Picardie-Jules-Verne, centre universitaire de recherche en santé, CHU d'Amiens-Picardie, 80054 Amiens cedex 1, France.
authors.forename: Saïd
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kamel
authors.affiliation: Service de pharmacologie clinique, centre de recherche clinique, CHU d'Amiens-Picardie, avenue René-Laënnec, 80054 Amiens cedex 1, France; Inserm U1088, université Picardie-Jules-Verne, centre universitaire de recherche en santé, CHU d'Amiens-Picardie, 80054 Amiens cedex 1, France. Electronic address: Liabeuf.Sophie@chu-amiens.fr.
authors.forename: Sophie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Liabeuf
mesh_terms: D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D013923:Thromboembolism / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy; D061205:Vascular Calcification / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000453:epidemiology; D014812:Vitamin K / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants; D014812:Vitamin K
keywords: Anti-vitamines K; Atherosclerosis; Athérosclérose; Calcification; Chronic kidney disease; Insuffisance rénale chronique; Thrombose; Thrombosis; Vitamin K antagonists