title: [Ruminations as predictors of negative and positive effects of experienced traumatic events in medical rescue workers].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Emergency service workers are exposed to experienced traumatic events related to the nature of their work. The study aimed at identifying the role of cognitive processes, namely different forms of ruminations, as predictors of consequences of experienced trauma.
  
  
  METHODS
  The data on 120 medical rescuers (80 men, 40 women) who had experienced in their worksite at least 1 traumatic event in the last 5 years, were analyzed. The age of the participants ranged from 25 to 61 years (mean (M) = 38.07; standard deviation (SD) = 8.92). The following Polish versions of standardized tools were used: the Impact of Event Scale - Revised (IES-R), the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI) and the Event Related Rumination Inventory (ERRI).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results of regression analyses indicated 2 significant predictors, intrusive rumination for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and deliberate rumination for posttraumatic growth (PTG).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ruminations play an essential role in the occurrence of negative and positive outcomes of experienced trauma. The associations between PTSD and PTG, with different forms of ruminations, may be used in therapy, treating the appearance of intrusive rumination as an opportunity to turn towards active engagement in deliberate rumination, that facilitates the occurrence of posttraumatic growth. Med Pr 2016;67(2):201-211.
authors.affiliation: Uniwersytet Łódzki / University of Lodz, Łódź, Poland (Instytut Psychologii, Zakład Psychologii Zdrowia / Institute of Psychology, Health Psychology Department). noginska@uni.lodz.pl.
authors.forename: Nina
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ogińska-Bulik
authors.affiliation: Społeczna Akademia Nauk w Łodzi / University of Social Science, Łódź, Poland (Instytut Psychologii Stosowanej / Institute of Applied Psychology). zjuczynski@spoleczna.pl.
authors.forename: Zygfryd
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Juczyński
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003071:Cognition; D060731:Emergency Responders / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011044:Poland; D013313:Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / Q000523:psychology*
keywords: PTSD; deliberate rumination; intrusive rumination; medical rescue; posttraumatic growth; trauma