title: Spatial distribution and ecological risk assessment of phthalic acid esters and phenols in surface sediment from urban rivers in Northeast China.
abstract: Concentration and spatial distribution of six phthalic acid esters (PAEs) and eight phenols in sediments of urban rivers, namely the Xi River (XR) and Pu River (PR) in Shenyang city, Northeast China were investigated and the ecological risk of these target pollutants was assessed based on the risk quotient (RQ) approach. Target PAEs and phenols were detected in most of sediment samples collected from the XR and PR. The concentrations of total PAEs in sediments varied from 22.4 to 369 μg/g dw in the XR and 3.71-46.9 μg/g dw in the PR. The levels of phenols ranged from 2.72 to 106 μg/g dw in the XR and 0.811-25.0 μg/g dw in the PR, respectively. The dominant pollutants in both XR and PR were DEHP, phenol and 4-methylphnol. The sampling locations XR1-3 in the XR suffered severe contamination from PAEs and phenols. The sites PR1 and PR6 were heavily polluted by phenols and PAEs, respectively. Almost all target PAEs and phenolic compounds in sediment of the XR exhibited medium or high ecological risk to organisms and the ecological risk in the PR mainly originated from PEAs, phenol and 4-methylphenol. These results would provide guidance for individual pollutant control and indicate that it is imperative to take some effective measures to reduce the pollution of those contaminants.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment (SKLECRA), Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment (SKLECRA), Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China. Electronic address: liurx@craes.org.cn.
authors.forename: Ruixia
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment (SKLECRA), Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
authors.forename: Hongjie
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment (SKLECRA), Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
authors.forename: Ruijie
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment (SKLECRA), Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Zeng
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment (SKLECRA), Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
authors.forename: Yonghui
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Song
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002681:China; D002947:Cities; D003621:Daphnia; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D004952:Esters; D005399:Fishes; D019015:Geologic Sediments / Q000032:analysis*; D010636:Phenols / Q000032:analysis*; D010795:Phthalic Acids / Q000032:analysis*; D010944:Plants; D018570:Risk Assessment; D045483:Rivers / Q000737:chemistry; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D004952:Esters; D010636:Phenols; D010795:Phthalic Acids; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical
keywords: Distribution; Ecological risk; Phenols; Phthalic acid esters; Riverine sediment