title: Value of Percutaneous Radiologic Gastrostomy for Patients with Advanced Esophageal Cancer.
abstract: Nutritional management is important throughout the treatment period for esophageal cancer patients. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of percutaneous radiologic gastrostomy (PRG) and to investigate whether PRG can be applied for patients with advanced esophageal cancer.
  
  
  
  In this study, 89 patients (74 men and 15 women) with advanced esophageal cancer underwent PRG using computed tomography and fluoroscopic guidance. These patients were unsuitable candidates for endoscopic intervention because of esophageal stricture. Primary placement of a mushroom-retained gastrostomy catheter was intended. The end points were technical success and complications after PRG as well as clinical outcomes and survival of the patients. These end points also were compared between the pre-chemoradiotherapy (pre-CRT) and post-CRT groups using the Chi square test, Fisher's exact test, and the Wilcoxon rank sum test. The survival rate was calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method and compared using the log-rank test.
  
  
  
  All the patients had a successful PRG. The mushroom-tip gastrostomy catheter was primarily inserted in 77 patients (86.5 %) and finally achieved for all the patients. Complications occurred for 14 patients (15.7 %) including Dindo-Clavien classification grade 3 (1 catheter dislodgement), grade 2 (2 gastric hemorrhages), and grade 1 (7 skin infections and 4 oozing hemorrhages) complications. During the follow-up period (median, 6 months), 60 patients (67.4 %) died, giving a 12-month survival rate of 37.7 %. Gastrostomy removal was more common in the pre-CRT group (P = 0.011). The pre-CRT group had higher survival rates than the post-CRT group (P = 0.021).
  
  
  
  Because PRG provided high technical success with limited complications, it can be used for patients with advanced esophageal cancer whose treatment plan involves multimodal therapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Radiology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan. keitarosofue@gmail.com.|Department of Radiology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan. keitarosofue@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Keitaro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sofue
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Radiology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshito
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Takeuchi
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Radiology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.|Department of Radiology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan.
authors.forename: Masakatsu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tsurusaki
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Radiology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Kentaro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shibamoto
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Radiology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.|Department of Radiology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan.
authors.forename: Noriaki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sakamoto
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazuhiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kitajima
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Radiology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Miyuki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sone
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazuro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sugimura
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Radiology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Yasuaki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Arai
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D057785:Catheters / Q000009:adverse effects; D059248:Chemoradiotherapy; D004750:Enteral Nutrition; D004868:Equipment Failure; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D005471:Fluoroscopy; D006471:Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage / Q000209:etiology*; D005774:Gastrostomy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007441:Intubation, Gastrointestinal / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015642:Radiology, Interventional; D017192:Skin Diseases, Bacterial / Q000209:etiology; D013270:Stomach / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D013272:Stomach Diseases / Q000209:etiology*; D015996:Survival Rate; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed