title: Impacts of exposure to 900 MHz mobile phone radiation on liver function in rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the impacts of exposure to electromagnetic radiation (EMR) on liver function in rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into normal group and radiated group. The rats in normal group were not radiated, those in radiated group were exposed to EMR 4 h/ d for 18 consecutive days. Rats were sacrificed immediately after the end of the experiment. The serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and those of malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) in liver tissue were evaluated by colorimetric method. The liver histopathological changes were observed by hematoxylin and eosin staining and the protein expression of bax and bcl- 2 in liver tissue were detected by immunohistochemical method. Terminal-deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated nick and labelling (TUNEL) method was used for analysis of apoptosis in liver.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with the normal rats, the serum levels of ALT and AST in the radiated group had no obvious changes (P>0.05), while the contents of MDA increased (P < 0.01) and those of GSH decreased (P < 0.01) in liver tissues. The histopathology examination showed diffuse hepatocyte swelling and vacuolation, small pieces and focal necrosis. The immunohistochemical results displayed that the expression of the bax protein was higher and that of bcl-2 protein was lower in radiated group. The hepatocyte apoptosis rates in radiated group was higher than that in normal group (all P < 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The exposure to 900 MHz mobile phone 4 h/d for 18 days could induce the liver histological changes, which may be partly due to the apoptosis and oxidative stress induced in liver tissue by electromagnetic radiation.
authors.forename: Hui-rong
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Zhi-hong
authors.initials: ZH
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Gui-ying
authors.initials: GY
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Cui-miao
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Xue-lian
authors.initials: XL
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Xiao-hui
authors.initials: XH
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.forename: Guo-hong
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D040421:Cell Phone; D060733:Electromagnetic Radiation; D008099:Liver / Q000473:pathology* / Q000528:radiation effects*; D008297:Male; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D040901:Proteomics; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013194:Staining and Labeling