title: Debriefing practices in interprofessional simulation with students: a sociomaterial perspective.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The debriefing phase is an important feature of simulation activities for learning. This study applies a sociomaterial perspective on debriefing in interprofessional simulation with medical and nursing students. Sociomaterial perspectives are increasingly being used in order to understand professional practice and learning in new ways, conceptualising professional practice as being embodied, relational and situated in sociomaterial relations. The aim of the study is to explore how debriefing is carried out as a practice supporting students' interprofessional learning.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighteen debriefing sessions following interprofessional full-scale manikin-based simulation with nursing and medical students from two different universities were video-recorded and analysed collaboratively by a team of researchers, applying a structured scheme for constant comparative analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The findings show how debriefing is intertwined with, and shaped by social and material relationships. Two patterns of enacting debriefing emerged. Debriefing as algorithm was enacted as a protocol-based, closed inquiry approach. Debriefing as laissez-faire was enacted as a loosely structured collegial conversation with an open inquiry approach.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings indicate that neither an imposed structure of the debriefing, nor the lack of structure assured interprofessional collaboration to emerge as a salient topic for reflection, even though that was an explicit learning objective for the simulation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Behavioural Sciences and Learning, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
authors.forename: Sofia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nyström
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
authors.forename: Johanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dahlberg
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden. samuel.edelbring@liu.se.|Department of Learning, Informatics, Management and Ethics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. samuel.edelbring@liu.se.
authors.forename: Samuel
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Edelbring
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
authors.forename: Håkan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hult
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
authors.forename: Madeleine Abrandt
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Dahlgren
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D004504:Education, Medical, Undergraduate; D004508:Education, Nursing, Baccalaureate; D005260:Female; D000068156:Formative Feedback; D006801:Humans; D007400:Interprofessional Relations; D008297:Male; D008348:Manikins; D017145:Models, Educational; D000066908:Simulation Training; D066252:Sociological Factors
keywords: Medical education research methodology; Multiprofessional; Professionalism; Simulation; Undergraduate health professions education