title: The profile of patients with obstructive uropathy in Cameroon: case of the Douala General Hospital.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Obstructive uropathy can lead to irreversible kidney damage. The etiology largely determined by the patient's age can be benign or malignant. This study aimed at determining the profile and outcome of patients with obstructive uropathy in Cameroon.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross sectional study carried out in the urology unit of the Douala General Hospital, including patients with a diagnosis of obstructive uropathy seen from January 2004 to December 2013. Clinical profile, treatment and outcome data were obtained from patients records.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 229 patients included 69% were men, mean age 50 ±18 years. Associated comorbidities were hypertension, diabetes, and HIV. Mean haemoglobin 8,40±2,4g/dl, mean GFR 10,3 ±10ml/min, 94 (41%) patients needed emergency dialysis. Symptoms at presentation: asthenia (57%), anorexia (55%), loin pain (37%), vomiting (28%), oedema (20%), and anuria (15%). Urinary tract infection was present in 33 patients. Main aetiologies of obstruction: urolithiasis (35%), begnin prostatic hypertrophy (27%), prostatic cancer (12%), cervical cancer (16%), and congenital malformations (5%). Drainage was effective in 102 (45%) patients, 63 (28%) recovered completely, 91 (41%) were loss to follow up, 49 (22%) died and more women (p = 0.02). Mortality was associated with prostatic cancer (p = 0.000), cervical cancer (p = 0.004) and radiotherapy (p = 0.03).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients with obstructive uropathy presented with significant impaired renal function. Main causes were urinary stones, prostatic hypertrophy, prostatic and cervical cancers. Renal recovery was poor, loss to follow up and mortality high. Specific strategies to target improvement in renal recovery and patient's survival are needed in this patient's group.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Douala, Douala, Cameroon; Douala General Hospital, Douala, Cameroon.
authors.forename: Marie Patrice
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Halle
authors.affiliation: Douala General Hospital, Douala, Cameroon.
authors.forename: Linda Njonkam
authors.initials: LN
authors.lastname: Toukep
authors.affiliation: Douala General Hospital, Douala, Cameroon; Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon.
authors.forename: Samuel Ekane
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Nzuobontane
authors.affiliation: Douala General Hospital, Douala, Cameroon; Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
authors.forename: Hermine Fouda
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: Ebana
authors.affiliation: Douala General Hospital, Douala, Cameroon; Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon.
authors.forename: Gregory Halle
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Ekane
authors.affiliation: Douala General Hospital, Douala, Cameroon; Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
authors.forename: Eugene Belley
authors.initials: EB
authors.lastname: Priso
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002163:Cameroon / Q000453:epidemiology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004322:Drainage / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006769:Hospitals, General; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D006435:Renal Dialysis / Q000379:methods*; D051437:Renal Insufficiency / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D014524:Urethral Obstruction / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology
keywords: Cameroon; Douala general hospital; Profile; obstructive uropathy; outcome