title: Frequent Occurrence of Tomato Leaf Curl New Delhi Virus in Cotton Leaf Curl Disease Affected Cotton in Pakistan.
abstract: Cotton leaf curl disease (CLCuD) is the major biotic constraint to cotton production on the Indian subcontinent, and is caused by monopartite begomoviruses accompanied by a specific DNA satellite, Cotton leaf curl Multan betasatellite (CLCuMB). Since the breakdown of resistance against CLCuD in 2001/2002, only one virus, the "Burewala" strain of Cotton leaf curl Kokhran virus (CLCuKoV-Bur), and a recombinant form of CLCuMB have consistently been identified in cotton across the major cotton growing areas of Pakistan. Unusually a bipartite isolate of the begomovirus Tomato leaf curl virus was identified in CLCuD-affected cotton recently. In the study described here we isolated the bipartite begomovirus Tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus (ToLCNDV) from CLCuD-affected cotton. To assess the frequency and geographic occurrence of ToLCNDV in cotton, CLCuD-symptomatic cotton plants were collected from across the Punjab and Sindh provinces between 2013 and 2015. Analysis of the plants by diagnostic PCR showed the presence of CLCuKoV-Bur in all 31 plants examined and ToLCNDV in 20 of the samples. Additionally, a quantitative real-time PCR analysis of the levels of the two viruses in co-infected plants suggests that coinfection of ToLCNDV with the CLCuKoV-Bur/CLCuMB complex leads to an increase in the levels of CLCuMB, which encodes the major pathogenicity (symptom) determinant of the complex. The significance of these results are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Agricultural Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, P O Box 577, Jhang Road, Faisalabad, Pakistan.|Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Islamabad, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Syed Shan-E-Ali
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Zaidi
authors.affiliation: Agricultural Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, P O Box 577, Jhang Road, Faisalabad, Pakistan.|Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Islamabad, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Muhammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shafiq
authors.affiliation: Agricultural Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, P O Box 577, Jhang Road, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Imran
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Amin
authors.affiliation: Genomics and Bioinformatics Research Unit, 141 Experiment Station Rd., Stoneville, Mississippi, 38776, United States of America.
authors.forename: Brian E
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Scheffler
authors.affiliation: Crop Genetics Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Stoneville, Mississippi, United States of America.
authors.forename: Jodi A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Scheffler
authors.affiliation: Agricultural Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, P O Box 577, Jhang Road, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Rob W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Briddon
authors.affiliation: Agricultural Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, P O Box 577, Jhang Road, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Shahid
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mansoor
mesh_terms: D053839:Begomovirus / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D004276:DNA, Satellite / Q000302:isolation & purification; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000235:genetics; D003368:Gossypium / Q000821:virology*; D018551:Solanum lycopersicum / Q000821:virology*; D010154:Pakistan / Q000453:epidemiology; D010802:Phylogeny; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000706:statistics & numerical data* / Q000821:virology*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000821:virology*; D015995:Prevalence; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA
chemical_list: D004276:DNA, Satellite; D004279:DNA, Viral