title: Intrathecal Baclofen Therapy in a Child With Severe Scoliosis: Report of 2 Cases.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Scoliosis is commonly found in children with cerebral palsy. Many patients with cerebral palsy and scoliosis undergo intrathecal baclofen (ITB) pump placement. The authors report 2 cases with cerebral palsy and severe scoliosis treated with intrathecal baclofen.
  
  
  METHODS
  The case of a 7-year-old boy with shunted hydrocephalus required surgical revision of the intrathecal catheter, while the other patient without shunt did not require revision. In the patient with shunted hydrocephalus, after the initial placement of baclofen pump and catheter at Th3 level, spasticity of lower extremities did not improve. The Indium(111) diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (In(111) DTPA) scintigraphy with injection of In(111) DTPA through the pump did not demonstrate distribution of the tracer to the lumbosacral area. Conversely, by direct injection of In(111) DTPA through lumbar puncture, the tracer distributed in the whole spinal canal.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Replacement of the tip of the catheter caudal to the curve of the scoliosis improved the symptom.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The authors suggest that, in patients with severe scoliosis and shunted hydrocephalus, it may be necessary to place the tip of the catheter caudal to the curve of the scoliosis for correction of spasticity of lower extremities.
authors.affiliation: Division of Neurosurgery, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Natsu
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sasaki
authors.affiliation: Division of Neurosurgery, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Hideki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ogiwara
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000818:Animals; D001418:Baclofen / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015918:Infusion Pumps, Implantable; D007278:Injections, Spinal / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D009125:Muscle Relaxants, Central / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D059906:Neuroimaging; D012600:Scoliosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D009125:Muscle Relaxants, Central; D001418:Baclofen
keywords: Intrathecal baclofen; scoliosis; ventriculoperitoneal shunt