title: Early Recognition and Management of Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome: A Newly Recognized Complication in Patients Receiving Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Adult patients with cancer receiving antineoplastic, targeted, and other immunosuppressive therapies are at risk for severe side effects. Studies link posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) with immunosuppressants used for patients undergoing transplantation, as well as select tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and other targeted therapies used in patients with cancer. PRES is a reversible condition with early recognition and management; however, permanent neurologic toxicities have been reported.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This article aims to educate oncology nurses on signs, symptoms, and management of PRES in patients receiving TKIs.
  
  
  METHODS
  The literature was reviewed to develop an educational session about causes, manifestations, pathophysiology, and management of PRES. Using a case study and flipped classroom model, staff participated in an online lecture and concept engagement exercise. Education for nurses included frequent neurologic and mental status assessments, blood pressure monitoring with mean arterial blood pressure goal, and seizure precautions. Nursing knowledge was evaluated with pre- and post-testing.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Evaluation revealed improved knowledge in recognizing and managing patients with PRES related to TKIs. The flipped classroom approach was perceived as a valuable tool for busy staff nurses.
authors.affiliation: Johns Hopkins University Hospital.
authors.forename: Ashley
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Przybylyski
authors.forename: Peg
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Esper
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D042241:Early Diagnosis; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*; D054038:Posterior Leukoencephalopathy Syndrome / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases
keywords: biotherapy; hematology; leukemia; lymphoma; management issues; neurotoxicity; oral therapies; targeted therapies