title: Overview: Global and Local Impact of Antibiotic Resistance.
abstract: The rapid and ongoing spread of antibiotic resistance poses a serious threat to global public health. The indiscriminant use of antibiotics in agriculture and human medicine along with increasingly connected societies has fueled the distribution of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. These factors together have led to rising numbers of infections caused by multidrug-resistant and pan-resistant bacteria, with increases in morbidity and mortality. This article summarizes the trends in antibiotic resistance, discusses the impact of antibiotic resistance on society, and reviews the use of antibiotics in agriculture. Feasible ways to tackle antibiotic resistance to avert a post-antibiotic era are suggested.
authors.affiliation: Division of Infectious Diseases, Cleveland Clinic Akron General Medical Center, 224 West Exchange Street, Suite 290, Akron, OH 44302, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, USA.
authors.forename: Richard R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Watkins
authors.affiliation: Medicine and Research Services, Louis Stokes Cleveland, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 10701 East Boulevard, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA; Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA. Electronic address: robert.bonomo@va.gov.
authors.forename: Robert A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Bonomo
mesh_terms: D000383:Agriculture; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001419:Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial; D014943:Global Health; D006801:Humans; D011634:Public Health; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents
keywords: Agriculture; Antibiotic resistance; Infections; Public health