title: Analyses of Short-Term Antagonistic Evolution of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Strain PAO1 and Phage KPP22 (Myoviridae Family, PB1-Like Virus Genus).
abstract: Pseudomonas aeruginosa causes serious intractable infections in humans and animals. Bacteriophage (phage) therapy has been applied to treat P. aeruginosa infections, and phages belonging to the PB1-like virus genus in the Myoviridae family have been used as therapeutic phages. To achieve safer and more effective phage therapy, the use of preadapted phages is proposed. To understand in detail such phage preadaptation, the short-term antagonistic evolution of bacteria and phages should be studied. In this study, the short-term antagonistic evolution of bacteria and PB1-like phage was examined by studying phage-resistant clones of P. aeruginosa strain PAO1 and mutant PB1-like phages that had recovered their infectivity. First, phage KPP22 was isolated and characterized; it was classified as belonging to the PB1-like virus genus in the Myoviridae family. Subsequently, three KPP22-resistant PAO1 clones and three KPP22 mutant phages capable of infecting these clones were isolated in three sets of in vitro experiments. It was shown that the bacterial resistance to phage KPP22 was caused by significant decreases in phage adsorption and that the improved infectivity of KPP22 mutant phages was caused by significant increases in phage adsorption. The KPP22-resistant PAO1 clones and the KPP22 mutant phages were then analyzed genetically. All three KPP22-resistant PAO1 clones, which were deficient for the O5 antigen, had a common nonsense mutation in the wzy gene. All the KPP22 mutant phage genomes showed the same four missense mutations in the open reading frames orf060, orf065, and orf086 The information obtained in this study should be useful for further development of safe and efficient phage therapy.
  
  
  
  Pseudomonas aeruginosa causes serious intractable infections in humans and animals; bacteriophage (phage) therapy has been utilized to treat P. aeruginosa infections, and phages that belong to the PB1-like virus genus in the family Myoviridae have been used as therapeutic phages. The preadapted phage is trained in advance through the antagonistic evolution of bacteria and phage and is proposed to be used to achieve safer and more effective phage therapy. In this study, to understand the phage preadaptation, the in vitro short-term antagonistic evolution was studied using P. aeruginosa strain PAO1 and the newly isolated PB1-like phage KPP22. Phage KPP22 was characterized, and the molecular framework regarding the phage preadaptation of KPP22 was elucidated. The importance of study of antagonistic evolution of bacteria and phage in phage therapy is discussed.
authors.affiliation: School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Kanagawa, Japan uchiyama@azabu-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Jumpei
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Uchiyama
authors.affiliation: Department of Bacteriology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Masato
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.affiliation: Division of Animal Life Science, Graduate School, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Koji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nishifuji
authors.affiliation: Kochi University, Kochi, Japan.
authors.forename: Shin-Ichiro
authors.initials: SI
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.affiliation: Kochi University, Kochi, Japan.
authors.forename: Reina
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Miyata
authors.affiliation: School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Kanagawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Tadahiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nasukawa
authors.affiliation: Kochi University, Kochi, Japan.
authors.forename: Kotoe
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yamaguchi
authors.affiliation: School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Kanagawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Iyo
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Takemura-Uchiyama
authors.affiliation: Kochi University, Kochi, Japan.
authors.forename: Takako
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ujihara
authors.affiliation: School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Kanagawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Hidekatsu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shimakura
authors.affiliation: School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Kanagawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Hironobu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Murakami
authors.affiliation: School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Kanagawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Noriaki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Okamoto
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshihiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sakaguchi
authors.affiliation: Department of Bacteriology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Keigo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shibayama
authors.affiliation: School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Kanagawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Masahiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sakaguchi
authors.affiliation: Kochi University, Kochi, Japan.
authors.forename: Shigenobu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Matsuzaki
mesh_terms: D000898:Antibiosis; D005075:Biological Evolution; D016679:Genome, Viral; D017900:Myoviridae / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D017105:Pseudomonas Phages / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D011550:Pseudomonas aeruginosa / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology / Q000821:virology*