title: Study on the volatility of halogenated fluorenes.
abstract: This work reports the experimental determination of relevant thermophysical properties of five halogenated fluorenes. The vapor pressures of the compounds studied were measured at different temperatures using two different experimental techniques. The static method was used for studying 2-fluorofluorene (liquid and crystal vapor pressures between 321.04 K and 411.88 K), 2-iodofluorene (liquid and crystal vapor pressures between 362.63 K and 413.86 K), and 2,7-dichlorofluorene (crystal vapor pressures between 364.64 K and 394.22 K). The Knudsen effusion method was employed to determine the vapor pressures of 2,7-difluorofluorene (crystal vapor pressures between 299.17 K and 321.19 K), 2,7-diiodofluorene (crystal vapor pressures between 393.19 K and 415.14 K), and (again) 2-iodofluorene (crystal vapor pressures between 341.16 K and 361.12 K). The temperatures and the molar enthalpies of fusion of the five compounds were determined using differential scanning calorimetry. The application to halogenated fluorenes of recently developed methods for predicting vapor pressures and enthalpies of sublimation and vaporization of substituted benzenes is also discussed.
authors.affiliation: Centro de Investigação em Química (CIQ-UP), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 687, P-4169-007 Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: Juliana A S A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Oliveira
authors.affiliation: Centro de Investigação em Química (CIQ-UP), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 687, P-4169-007 Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: Tânia S M
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Oliveira
authors.affiliation: Centro de Investigação em Química (CIQ-UP), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 687, P-4169-007 Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: Alexandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gaspar
authors.affiliation: Centro de Investigação em Química (CIQ-UP), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 687, P-4169-007 Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: Fernanda
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Borges
authors.affiliation: Centro de Investigação em Química (CIQ-UP), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 687, P-4169-007 Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: Maria D M C
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Ribeiro da Silva
authors.affiliation: Centro de Investigação em Química (CIQ-UP), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 687, P-4169-007 Porto, Portugal. Electronic address: mjmonte@fc.up.pt.
authors.forename: Manuel J S
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Monte
mesh_terms: D001555:Benzene Derivatives; D002152:Calorimetry, Differential Scanning; D005449:Fluorenes / Q000737:chemistry*; D054879:Halogenation; D013696:Temperature; D013816:Thermodynamics; D055548:Vapor Pressure; D014835:Volatilization
chemical_list: D001555:Benzene Derivatives; D005449:Fluorenes
keywords: Estimations; Fusion; Halogenated fluorenes; Sublimation; Vapor pressure; Vaporization