title: New Strategies for the Treatment of Solid Tumors with CAR-T Cells.
abstract: Recent years, we have witnessed significant progresses in both basic and clinical studies regarding novel therapeutic strategies with genetically engineered T cells. Modification with chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) endows T cells with tumor specific cytotoxicity and thus induce anti-tumor immunity against malignancies. However, targeting solid tumors is more challenging than targeting B-cell malignancies with CAR-T cells because of the histopathological structure features, specific antigens shortage and strong immunosuppressive environment of solid tumors. Meanwhile, the on-target/off-tumor toxicity caused by relative expression of target on normal tissues is another issue that should be reckoned. Optimization of the design of CAR vectors, exploration of new targets, addition of safe switches and combination with other treatments bring new vitality to the CAR-T cell based immunotherapy against solid tumors. In this review, we focus on the major obstacles limiting the application of CAR-T cell therapy toward solid tumors and summarize the measures to refine this new cancer therapeutic modality.
authors.affiliation: 1. Laboratory of Viral and Gene Therapy, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, China;
authors.forename: Hao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: 1. Laboratory of Viral and Gene Therapy, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, China;
authors.forename: Zhen-Long
authors.initials: ZL
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.affiliation: 1. Laboratory of Viral and Gene Therapy, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, China;
authors.forename: Zhen-Gang
authors.initials: ZG
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.affiliation: 2. Xinyuan Institute of Medicine and Biotechnology College of Life Science, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China;
authors.forename: Zheng-Qiang
authors.initials: ZQ
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.affiliation: 1. Laboratory of Viral and Gene Therapy, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, China;
authors.forename: Hua-Jun
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.affiliation: 1. Laboratory of Viral and Gene Therapy, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, China;; 2. Xinyuan Institute of Medicine and Biotechnology College of Life Science, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China;; 3. Ningbo NO.5 Hospital (Ningbo Cancer Hospital), Ningbo 315201, China.
authors.forename: Qi-Jun
authors.initials: QJ
authors.lastname: Qian
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D064987:Cell- and Tissue-Based Therapy / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D016219:Immunotherapy, Adoptive / Q000379:methods*; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000628:therapy*; D011948:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D011948:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell
keywords: adoptive immunotherapy; cell therapy; chimeric antigen receptor; solid tumor.