title: Evaluation of Cholangiocarcinoma Risk and its Related Factors in Wetland Geographical Communities of Ubon Ratchathani, Thailand.
abstract: Wetland geographical areas have a higher incidence of Opisthorchis viverrini-associated cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), confirmed by data from geographic information systems, than other areas. Behavioral data also indicate that people in these areas traditionally eat uncooked freshwater fish dishes, a vehicle for O. viverrini infection. The best approach to reducing CCA incidence is decreasing risk factors together with behavior alteration. Evaluation of CCA risk and its related factors are first needed for planning the prevention and control programs in the future. We therefore aimed to evaluate the CCA risk and explore its related factors among people in wetland communities of Ubon Ratchathani, Thailand. A cross-sectional study was conducted between July and August 2014. In total 906 participants, with informed consent, completed questionnaires. Overall risk of CCA was determined by multiplying odds ratios (ORs) of the risk factors for CCA from literature reviews. A mean score of 5.95 was applied as the cut-off point. Assessment of factors related to overall risk of CCA was accomplished using conditional logistic regression. Of all participants, 60.15% had a high level of the overall risk of CCA. Factors related to the overall risk of CCA were gender (<0.001), marital status (<0.001), perceived susceptibility (p=0.043) and prevention behavior for CCA (<0.001). In conclusion, most participants in this community had a high level of overall risk of CCA. Therefore, integrated prevention and control programs continue to be urgently required.
authors.affiliation: Department of Community Health, Faculty of Public Health, Ubon Ratchathani Rajabhat University, Ubon Ratchathani Rajabhat, Ubon, Thailand E-mail : nopparat.s@ubru.ac.th.
authors.forename: Nopparat
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Songserm
authors.forename: Somkiattiyos
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Woradet
authors.forename: Onanong
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Bureelerd
authors.forename: Pattaraporn
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Charoenbut
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000818:Animals; D001650:Bile Duct Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D001653:Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic / Q000469:parasitology / Q000473:pathology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D018281:Cholangiocarcinoma / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005843:Geography; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D009889:Opisthorchiasis / Q000150:complications* / Q000469:parasitology; D009891:Opisthorchis / Q000472:pathogenicity; D011379:Prognosis; D012307:Risk Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013785:Thailand / Q000453:epidemiology; D053833:Wetlands; D055815:Young Adult