title: Cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of calcium silicate-based cements on an osteoblast lineage.
abstract: Several calcium silicate-based biomaterials have been developed in recent years, in addition to Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA). The aim of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxicity, genotoxicity and apoptosis/necrosis in human osteoblast cells (SAOS-2) of pure calcium silicate-based cements (CSC) and modified formulations: modified calcium silicate-based cements (CSCM) and three resin-based calcium silicate cements (CSCR1) (CSCR 2) (CSCR3). The following tests were performed after 24 hours of cement extract exposure: methyl-thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT), apoptosis/necrosis assay and comet assay. The negative control (CT-) was performed with untreated cells, and the positive control (CT+) used hydrogen peroxide. The data for MTT and apoptosis were submitted to analysis of variance and Bonferroni's posttest (p < 0.05), and the data for the comet assay analysis, to the Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn tests (p < 0.05). The MTT test showed no significant difference among the materials in 2 mg/mL and 10 mg/mL concentrations. CSCR3 showed lower cell viability at 10 mg/mL. Only CSC showed lower cell viability at 50 mg/mL. CSCR1, CSCR2 and CSCR3 showed a higher percentage of initial apoptosis than the control in the apoptosis test, after 24 hours exposure. The same cements showed no genotoxicity in the concentration of 2 mg/mL, with the comet assay. CSC and CSCR2 were also not genotoxic at 10 mg/mL. All experimental materials showed viability with MTT. CSC and CSCR2 presented a better response to apoptosis and genotoxicity evaluation in the 10 mg/mL concentration, and demonstrated a considerable potential for use as reparative materials.
authors.affiliation: Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Araraquara School of Dentistry, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ana Lívia
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Gomes-Cornélio
authors.affiliation: Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Araraquara School of Dentistry, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Elisandra Márcia
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Rodrigues
authors.affiliation: Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Araraquara School of Dentistry, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Leticia Boldrin
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Mestieri
authors.affiliation: Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Clinical Analysis, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Thaís de Oliveira Rodrigues Sanzovo
authors.initials: Tde O
authors.lastname: Falcoski
authors.affiliation: Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Clinical Analysis, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Christiane Pienna
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Soares
authors.affiliation: Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Araraquara School of Dentistry, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Juliane Maria
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Guerreiro-Tanomaru
authors.affiliation: Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Araraquara School of Dentistry, Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rossa
authors.affiliation: Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Araraquara School of Dentistry, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Mário
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tanomaru
mesh_terms: D017607:Aluminum Compounds / Q000633:toxicity; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000633:toxicity; D017610:Calcium Compounds / Q000633:toxicity*; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D020552:Comet Assay; D003738:Dental Cements / Q000633:toxicity*; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005562:Formazans; D006801:Humans; D008422:Materials Testing; D009336:Necrosis / Q000139:chemically induced; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000187:drug effects*; D010087:Oxides / Q000633:toxicity; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D017640:Silicates / Q000633:toxicity*; D013778:Tetrazolium Salts
chemical_list: D017607:Aluminum Compounds; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D017610:Calcium Compounds; D003738:Dental Cements; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005562:Formazans; D010087:Oxides; D017640:Silicates; D013778:Tetrazolium Salts; C086631:mineral trioxide aggregate; C079782:MTT formazan; C031293:calcium silicate