title: [Costal cartilage for rhinoplasty].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Augmentation rhinoplasty is a commonly procedure in clinical work for a plastic surgeon. Autologous costal cartilage is widely used in aesthetic rhinoplasy because of the abundant in quality. However, the cartilage may warp, and it is not easy-handling for inexperienced plastic surgeons. We-used diced cartilage combined with thin strips as columellar struts, which can be easily shaped, and reduce the warping incidence.
  
  
  METHODS
  From July 2012 to March 2014, 61 patients were performed diced costal cartilage for nasal augmentation via endonasal approach. Standardized photographs are obtained before and after surgery. Postoperative outcome is graded by patient's self-evaluation of the nasal appearance with a satisfaction scale.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among the 61 cases, 25 were revision cases. The follow-up time was no less than 6 months, with an average time of 10.9 months. 28 patients reported improved or better nasal appearance. One patient required revision surgery because of overcorrection. Supratip step-off was observed in one patient and corrected by external reshaping. No warping, infection, irregularity, absorption, airway obstruction, or donor-site morbidity were observed. All patients were satisfied with the final appearance.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Diced costal cartilage is a reliable option for nasal augmentation and revision rhinoplasty. Good outcomes can be achieved postoperatively, with aesthetically pleasing appearance and simple procedure.
authors.forename: Jiguang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.forename: Keming
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Chunhu
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Xiaohui
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Tiran
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D066186:Costal Cartilage / Q000637:transplantation*; D004954:Esthetics; D006801:Humans; D009300:Nasal Septum; D012086:Reoperation; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012225:Rhinoplasty / Q000379:methods*