title: Phylogenetic niche conservatism explains an inverse latitudinal diversity gradient in freshwater arthropods.
abstract: The underlying mechanisms responsible for the general increase in species richness from temperate regions to the tropics remain equivocal. Many hypotheses have been proposed to explain this astonishing pattern but additional empirical studies are needed to shed light on the drivers at work. Here we reconstruct the evolutionary history of the cosmopolitan diving beetle subfamily Colymbetinae, the majority of which are found in the Northern hemisphere, hence exhibiting an inversed latitudinal diversity gradient. We reconstructed a dated phylogeny using 12 genes, to investigate the biogeographical history and diversification dynamics in the Colymbetinae. We aimed to identify the role that phylogenetic niche conservatism plays in the inversed diversification pattern seen in this group. Our results suggest that Colymbetinae originated in temperate climates, which supports the hypothesis that their distribution is the result of an ancestral adaptation to temperate environmental conditions rather than tropical origins, and that temperate niche conservatism can generate and/or maintain inverse latitudinal diversity gradients.
authors.affiliation: SNSB-Bavarian State Collection of Zoology, Münchhausenstrasse 21, 81247, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Jérôme
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Morinière
authors.affiliation: SNSB-Bavarian State Collection of Zoology, Münchhausenstrasse 21, 81247, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Matthew H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Van Dam
authors.affiliation: SNSB-Bavarian State Collection of Zoology, Münchhausenstrasse 21, 81247, Munich, Germany.|Institute of Evolutionary Biology (CSIC-Universitat Pompeu Fabra), Passeig Maritim de la Barceloneta 37, 08003 Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Oliver
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Hawlitschek
authors.affiliation: Department of Zoology, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Box 50007, SE-10405, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Johannes
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bergsten
authors.affiliation: IBBEA, CONICET-UBA, Laboratory of Entomology-DBBE_FCEN, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
authors.forename: Mariano C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Michat
authors.affiliation: SNSB-Bavarian State Collection of Zoology, Münchhausenstrasse 21, 81247, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Lars
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hendrich
authors.affiliation: Institute of Evolutionary Biology (CSIC-Universitat Pompeu Fabra), Passeig Maritim de la Barceloneta 37, 08003 Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Ignacio
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ribera
authors.affiliation: SNSB-Bavarian State Collection of Zoology, Münchhausenstrasse 21, 81247, Munich, Germany.|Department of Ecology &Evolutionary Biology &Division of Entomology, Biodiversity Institute, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA.
authors.forename: Emmanuel F A
authors.initials: EF
authors.lastname: Toussaint
authors.affiliation: SNSB-Bavarian State Collection of Zoology, Münchhausenstrasse 21, 81247, Munich, Germany.|GeoBioCenter, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Balke
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D044822:Biodiversity; D005075:Biological Evolution; D001517:Coleoptera / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics*; D005618:Fresh Water; D019476:Insect Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D010802:Phylogeny; D013045:Species Specificity; D014329:Tropical Climate
chemical_list: D019476:Insect Proteins