title: Unusual and Unique Variant Branches of Lateral Cord of Brachial Plexus and its Clinical Implications- A Cadaveric Study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Adequate knowledge on variant morphology of brachial plexus and its branches are important in clinical applications pertaining to trauma and surgical procedures of the upper extremity.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Current study was aimed to report variations of the branches of the lateral cord of brachial plexus in the axilla and their possible clinical complications.
  
  
  METHODS
  Total number of 82 upper limbs from 41 formalin embalmed cadavers was dissected. Careful observation was made to note the formation and branching pattern of lateral cord. Meticulous inspection for absence of branches, presence of additional or variant branches and presence of abnormal communications between its branches or with branches of other cords was carried out.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the present study, we noted varied branching pattern of lateral cord in 6 out of 82 limbs (7%). In one of the limb, the median nerve was formed by three roots; two from lateral cord and one from medial cord. Two limbs had absence of lateral pectoral nerve supplemented by medial pectoral nerves. One of which had an atypical ansa pectoralis. In 2 upper limbs, musculocutaneous nerve was absent and in both cases it was supplemented by median nerve. In one of the limb, coracobrachialis had dual nerve supply by musculocutaneous nerve and by an additional branch from the lateral cord.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Variations of brachial plexus and its branches could pose both intraoperative and postoperative complications which eventually affect the normal sensory and motor functions of the upper limb.
authors.affiliation: Lecturer, Department of Anatomy, Melaka Manipal Medical College (Manipal Campus), Manipal University , Manipal, India .
authors.forename: Ashwini Aithal
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Padur
authors.affiliation: Assistant Professor, Department of Anatomy, Melaka Manipal Medical College (Manipal Campus), Manipal University , Manipal, India .
authors.forename: Naveen
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.affiliation: Lecturer, Department of Anatomy, Melaka Manipal Medical College (Manipal Campus), Manipal University , Manipal, India .
authors.forename: Swamy Ravindra
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Shanthakumar
authors.affiliation: Senior Grade Lecturer, Department of Anatomy, Melaka Manipal Medical College (Manipal Campus), Manipal University , Manipal, India .
authors.forename: Surekha Devadas
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Shetty
authors.affiliation: Lecturer, Department of Anatomy, Melaka Manipal Medical College (Manipal Campus), Manipal University , Manipal, India .
authors.forename: Gayathri Sharath
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Prabhu
authors.affiliation: Lecturer, Department of Anatomy, Melaka Manipal Medical College (Manipal Campus), Manipal University , Manipal, India .
authors.forename: Jyothsna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Patil
keywords: Ansa pectoralis; Median nerve; Musculocutaneous nerve; Pectoral nerves