title: Adiposity-independent hypoadiponectinemia as a potential marker of insulin resistance and inflammation in schizophrenia patients treated with second generation antipsychotics.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to explore body fat independent effect of second generation antipsychotics (SGAs) on measures of glucose and adipokine homeostasis, and markers of inflammation.
  
  
  
  Eight non-diabetic men with schizophrenia (age: 55±3years, BMI: 29.7±1.2kg/m(2)) on SGAs were studied after an overnight fast. DXA and single-cut CT of abdomen were respectively used for the assessment of total body and abdominal fat. Blood samples were collected for measurements of glucose, insulin, leptin, adiponectin, C-reactive protein (CRP), and TNF-α. Data in schizophrenic subjects were compared to eight age (55±2.8years) and BMI (29.6±1.1kg/m(2)) matched healthy men.
  
  
  
  The results were significant for markedly decreased serum adiponectin in schizophrenia patients (4.6±0.9 vs 11.1±1.5ng/mL, p=0.001). Lower levels of adiponectin in schizophrenia men were associated with significant increases in insulin resistance (4.2±0.7 vs 1.7±0.4, p=0.004), CRP (3.5±1.2 vs 1.2±0.3, p=0.037), and leptin (12±1.4 vs 8.5±1.4ng/mL, p=0.05). Various measures of adiposity, including fat mass index (FMI) and abdominal fat were not different in the two study groups.
  
  
  
  These findings in the context of comparable age and total body/abdominal fat mass are assumed to be either disease specific, and/or treatment inflicted. The definitive invoking etiology and a presumptive role of hypoadiponectinemia in the development of insulin resistance and increased risk of inflammation warrant future investigation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Salem Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Salem, VA, United States; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Roanoke, VA, United States. Electronic address: mamta.sapra@va.gov.
authors.forename: Mamta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sapra
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Lewis-gale Montgomery regional, Blacksburg, VA, United States.
authors.forename: Donna
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lawson
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Salem Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Salem, VA, United States.
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Iranmanesh
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Salem Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Salem, VA, United States; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Roanoke, VA, United States.
authors.forename: Anjali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Varma
mesh_terms: D050153:Abdominal Fat / Q000378:metabolism; D052242:Adiponectin / Q000097:blood / Q000172:deficiency* / Q000378:metabolism; D050154:Adiposity; D000328:Adult; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001786:Blood Glucose; D015992:Body Mass Index; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D008661:Metabolism, Inborn Errors / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism*; D008875:Middle Aged; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D052242:Adiponectin; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D001786:Blood Glucose
keywords: Antipsychotics; Metabolic side effects; Schizophrenia