title: Dynamic compression of dense oxide (Gd3Ga5O12) from 0.4 to 2.6 TPa: Universal Hugoniot of fluid metals.
abstract: Materials at high pressures and temperatures are of great current interest for warm dense matter physics, planetary sciences, and inertial fusion energy research. Shock-compression equation-of-state data and optical reflectivities of the fluid dense oxide, Gd3Ga5O12 (GGG), were measured at extremely high pressures up to 2.6 TPa (26 Mbar) generated by high-power laser irradiation and magnetically-driven hypervelocity impacts. Above 0.75 TPa, the GGG Hugoniot data approach/reach a universal linear line of fluid metals, and the optical reflectivity most likely reaches a constant value indicating that GGG undergoes a crossover from fluid semiconductor to poor metal with minimum metallic conductivity (MMC). These results suggest that most fluid compounds, e.g., strong planetary oxides, reach a common state on the universal Hugoniot of fluid metals (UHFM) with MMC at sufficiently extreme pressures and temperatures. The systematic behaviors of warm dense fluid would be useful benchmarks for developing theoretical equation-of-state and transport models in the warm dense matter regime in determining computational predictions.
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.|Photon Pioneers Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ozaki
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.
authors.forename: W J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Nellis
authors.affiliation: Shock Wave and Condensed Matter Research Center, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mashimo
authors.affiliation: Condensed Matter Theory Group, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Box 516, Uppsala University, SE-751 20, Uppsala, Sweden.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ramzan
authors.affiliation: Condensed Matter Theory Group, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Box 516, Uppsala University, SE-751 20, Uppsala, Sweden.|Applied Materials Physics, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ahuja
authors.affiliation: Condensed Matter Theory Group, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Box 516, Uppsala University, SE-751 20, Uppsala, Sweden.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kaewmaraya
authors.affiliation: Geodynamics Research Center, Ehime University, Ehime 790-8577, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kimura
authors.affiliation: Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185-1181, USA.|Institute for Shock Physics, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-2816, USA.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Knudson
authors.affiliation: Photon Pioneers Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Miyanishi
authors.affiliation: Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sakawa
authors.affiliation: Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sano
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.|Photon Pioneers Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.|Institute for Academic Initiatives, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kodama