title: Relationship between soy milk intake and radiographic knee joint space narrowing and osteophytes.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to examine the cross-sectional association between dietary soy milk intake and the prevalence of radiographic knee joint space narrowing (JSN) and osteophytes (OST). Soy milk intake was assessed using a validated semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire and classified into three categories: never, <once a day, and ≥once a day. JSN and OST were assessed individually based on the Osteoarthritis Research Society International atlas. Multivariable logistic models were used after adjusting for potentially confounding factors. A total of 5764 subjects were included. Both the models suggested a significant inverse association between soy milk intake and OST. In model 1 (adjusted for age, body mass index, and sex), the prevalence of OST decreased in "≥once a day" category (OR 0.52, 95 % CI 0.28-0.98, P = 0.042) and "<once a day" category (OR 0.78, 95 % CI 0.66-0.93, P = 0.005) comparing to "never" category of soy milk intake, and the P for trend was 0.001. The outcomes were similar in model 2 (adjusted based on model 1, with additional factors of total energy intake, activity level, smoking status, alcohol-drinking status, educational background, diabetes, hypertension, and other dairy product intake) ("≥once a day" category: OR 0.49, 95 % CI 0.26-0.92, P = 0.026; "<once a day" category: OR 0.79, 95 % CI 0.67-0.94, P = 0.009), and the P for trend was 0.001. However, the significant associations between soy milk intake and JSN in both the models were not observed. Dietary soy milk intake was found to be negatively associated with OST, but not JSN, independent of some major confounding factors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, #87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, China.
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, #87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, China.
authors.forename: Chao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zeng
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, China.
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, #87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, China.
authors.forename: Tuo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, #87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, China.
authors.forename: Shu-Guang
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, #87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, China.
authors.forename: Yu-Sheng
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, #87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, #87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, China.
authors.forename: Wen-Feng
authors.initials: WF
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, #87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, China.
authors.forename: Yi-Lin
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Xiong
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, #87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, China. lgh9640@sina.cn.
authors.forename: Guang-Hua
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Lei
mesh_terms: D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004032:Diet; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D007719:Knee Joint / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D020370:Osteoarthritis, Knee / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology*; D054850:Osteophyte / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015995:Prevalence; D011859:Radiography; D012307:Risk Factors; D041942:Soy Milk
keywords: Cross-sectional; Nutrient; Osteoarthritis; Soy milk