title: Pharmacists' different profiles characterization about opioid substitution treatments.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Delivering practices of opioid substitution treatment (OST) in community pharmacies are heterogeneous. This study aims at drawing up an inventory and at characterizing different populations of pharmacists, regarding their practices and perceptions.
  
  
  METHODS
  We distributed a questionnaire to pharmacists, which was divided into two parts: socio-demographic questions, and 49 binary questions collecting pharmacists' perceptions. Statistical analyses were performed using SAS 9.3 and SPAD7 software. The categorical variables were expressed as numbers and percentages. We characterized the different profiles of pharmacists using a multivariate analysis method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We analyzed 303 questionnaires; 60.8% of our cross-section of pharmacists consider that OSTs are a treatment for chronic disease, a treatment in which they consider that they play a key role. Regarding OSTs, 89.3% felt "comfortable" with current regulations, while 77.3% have mastered possible interactions with other drugs. 16.8% of pharmacists equate the act of delivering OSTs as a "legal narcotic deal". Regarding the patients, 49.2% of pharmacists consider them as "different", and 39.1% fear that they cause relationship problems. Most pharmacists perceive the role they are meant to play, although a lack of training and the need for recommendations have been highlighted. PCA allowed us to characterize 4 different profiles of pharmacists.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Continuous training adapted to the different profiles we drew up will be offered in order to allow pharmacists to deepen their knowledge about drug dependence and related care support.
authors.affiliation: Clinical pharmacology department, center for evaluation and information about pharmacodependences-addictovigilance, Nantes university hospital, 44093 Nantes, France. Electronic address: francois.etxe@yahoo.fr.
authors.forename: François
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Etcheverrigaray
authors.affiliation: Clinical pharmacology department, center for evaluation and information about pharmacodependences-addictovigilance, Nantes university hospital, 44093 Nantes, France; EA 4275, biostatistics, pharmacoepidemiology and subjective measures in health, Nantes university hospital, 44093 Nantes, France.
authors.forename: Céline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bétaud
authors.affiliation: EA 4275, biostatistics, pharmacoepidemiology and subjective measures in health, Nantes university hospital, 44093 Nantes, France.
authors.forename: Fanny
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Feuillet
authors.affiliation: Psychiatry and addictology department, Nantes university hospital, 44093 Nantes, France; EA 4275, biostatistics, pharmacoepidemiology and subjective measures in health, Nantes university hospital, 44093 Nantes, France.
authors.forename: Marie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Grall-Bronnec
authors.affiliation: Clinical pharmacology department, center for evaluation and information about pharmacodependences-addictovigilance, Nantes university hospital, 44093 Nantes, France; EA 4275, biostatistics, pharmacoepidemiology and subjective measures in health, Nantes university hospital, 44093 Nantes, France.
authors.forename: Pascale
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Jolliet
authors.affiliation: Clinical pharmacology department, center for evaluation and information about pharmacodependences-addictovigilance, Nantes university hospital, 44093 Nantes, France; EA 4275, biostatistics, pharmacoepidemiology and subjective measures in health, Nantes university hospital, 44093 Nantes, France.
authors.forename: Caroline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Victorri-Vigneau
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D003157:Community Pharmacy Services; D005260:Female; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D058850:Opiate Substitution Treatment; D010595:Pharmacists; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Attitude of health personnel; Attitudes du personnel soignant; Opiate substitution treatment; Pharmacien; Pharmacists; Traitements de substitution aux opiacés