title: Source Apportionment of PM2.5 in Delhi, India Using PMF Model.
abstract: Chemical characterization of PM2.5 [organic carbon, elemental carbon, water soluble inorganic ionic components, and major and trace elements] was carried out for a source apportionment study of PM2.5 at an urban site of Delhi, India from January, 2013, to December, 2014. The annual average mass concentration of PM2.5 was 122 ± 94.1 µg m(-3). Strong seasonal variation was observed in PM2.5 mass concentration and its chemical composition with maxima during winter and minima during monsoon. A receptor model, positive matrix factorization (PMF) was applied for source apportionment of PM2.5 mass concentration. The PMF model resolved the major sources of PM2.5 as secondary aerosols (21.3 %), followed by soil dust (20.5 %), vehicle emissions (19.7 %), biomass burning (14.3 %), fossil fuel combustion (13.7 %), industrial emissions (6.2 %) and sea salt (4.3 %).
authors.affiliation: Radio and Atmospheric Sciences Division, CSIR-National Physical Laboratory, Dr. K S Krishnan Road, New Delhi, 110 012, India. sudhircsir@gmail.com.
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.affiliation: Radio and Atmospheric Sciences Division, CSIR-National Physical Laboratory, Dr. K S Krishnan Road, New Delhi, 110 012, India.
authors.forename: T K
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Mandal
authors.affiliation: Radio and Atmospheric Sciences Division, CSIR-National Physical Laboratory, Dr. K S Krishnan Road, New Delhi, 110 012, India.
authors.forename: Srishti
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jain
authors.affiliation: Radio and Atmospheric Sciences Division, CSIR-National Physical Laboratory, Dr. K S Krishnan Road, New Delhi, 110 012, India.
authors.lastname: Saraswati
authors.affiliation: Radio and Atmospheric Sciences Division, CSIR-National Physical Laboratory, Dr. K S Krishnan Road, New Delhi, 110 012, India.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.affiliation: Radio and Atmospheric Sciences Division, CSIR-National Physical Laboratory, Dr. K S Krishnan Road, New Delhi, 110 012, India.
authors.forename: Mohit
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Saxena
mesh_terms: D000336:Aerosols / Q000032:analysis; D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D002244:Carbon / Q000032:analysis; D004391:Dust; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D007194:India; D007221:Industry; D008956:Models, Chemical; D052638:Particulate Matter / Q000032:analysis*; D012621:Seasons; D012987:Soil; D001335:Vehicle Emissions / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D000336:Aerosols; D000393:Air Pollutants; D004391:Dust; D052638:Particulate Matter; D012987:Soil; D001335:Vehicle Emissions; D002244:Carbon
keywords: Elemental carbon; Organic carbon; PM2.5; Positive matrix factorization