title: Serum advanced glycation endproducts are associated with left ventricular dysfunction in normal glucose metabolism but not in type 2 diabetes: The Hoorn Study.
abstract: To investigate whether serum advanced glycation endproducts are associated with left ventricular systolic and diastolic function in participants with normal glucose metabolism, impaired glucose metabolism and type 2 diabetes mellitus.
  
  
  
  Participants from a cross-sectional, population-based study (n = 280 with normal glucose metabolism, n = 171 with impaired glucose metabolism, n = 242 with type 2 diabetes mellitus) underwent echocardiography. Serum protein-bound advanced glycation endproducts [i.e. Nε-(carboxymethyl)lysine, pentosidine and Nε-(carboxyethyl)lysine] were measured. Linear regression analyses were used and stratified according to glucose metabolism status.
  
  
  
  In normal glucose metabolism, higher Nε-(carboxymethyl)lysine and pentosidine levels were associated with worse diastolic function (left atrial volume index and left atrial volume × left ventricular mass index product term) and higher Nε-(carboxymethyl)lysine and Nε-(carboxyethyl)lysine levels with worse systolic function (ejection fraction). In impaired glucose metabolism, a similar pattern emerged, though less consistent. In type 2 diabetes mellitus, these associations were non-existent for diastolic function or even reversed for systolic function.
  
  
  
  This suggests that serum advanced glycation endproducts are associated with impaired left ventricular function in normal glucose metabolism, but that with deteriorating glucose metabolism status, serum advanced glycation endproducts may not mirror heart failure risk.
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Pauline Bc
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Linssen
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Ronald Ma
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Henry
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Casper G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Schalkwijk
authors.affiliation: EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Jacqueline M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Dekker
authors.affiliation: EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Giel
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Nijpels
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands Department of Cardiology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Hans-Peter
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Brunner-La Rocca
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands cda.stehouwer@mumc.nl.
authors.forename: Coen DA
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Stehouwer
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001120:Arginine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000097:blood; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis; D004452:Echocardiography; D005260:Female; D017127:Glycation End Products, Advanced / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008239:Lysine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009200:Myocardial Contraction; D009426:Netherlands; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D018487:Ventricular Dysfunction, Left / Q000097:blood* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D001786:Blood Glucose; D017127:Glycation End Products, Advanced; C000612723:N(6)-carboxyethyllysine; C048496:N(6)-carboxymethyllysine; D001120:Arginine; C062187:pentosidine; D008239:Lysine
keywords: Advanced glycation endproducts; deteriorating glucose metabolism status; echocardiography; heart failure; type 2 diabetes mellitus