title: Identification of Risk Factors for Elevated Neonatal Gentamicin Trough Concentrations.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was to identify neonatal and maternal characteristics that may be associated with elevated neonatal gentamicin trough concentrations despite application of a previously published gentamicin dosage strategy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective cohort study of all neonates admitted to University of Vermont Medical Center (562-bed academic teaching hospital, Burlington, VT) receiving gentamicin between June 1, 2009, and August 31, 2013. A total of 205 neonates were included, with 41 cases and 164 controls.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Postmenstrual age (PMA, gestational age plus chronological age) and small-for-gestational age (SGA) status were independently associated with elevated neonatal gentamicin trough concentrations. No maternal risk factor evaluated remained significantly associated in the multivariate analysis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The probability of an elevated gentamicin trough concentration increases with lower PMA and is further accentuated in neonates with SGA status. In contrast, the presence of maternal risk factors did not increase the likelihood of elevated gentamicin trough concentrations. Neonates with lower PMA and SGA status may require an individualized dosage and monitoring strategy.
authors.affiliation: Pharmacy Services, Vermont Children's Hospital, University of Vermont Medical Center, Burlington, Vermont.
authors.forename: Jeffrey
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gonzalez
authors.affiliation: Pharmacy Services, Vermont Children's Hospital, University of Vermont Medical Center, Burlington, Vermont.
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ahern
authors.affiliation: Pharmacy Services, Vermont Children's Hospital, University of Vermont Medical Center, Burlington, Vermont.
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Noyes
authors.affiliation: Pharmacy Services, Vermont Children's Hospital, University of Vermont Medical Center, Burlington, Vermont.
authors.forename: Michele
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Corriveau
authors.affiliation: Neonatal Intensive Care, Vermont Children's Hospital, University of Vermont Medical Center, Burlington, Vermont.
authors.forename: Charles
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mercier
keywords: aminoglycosides; drug monitoring; gentamicin; intensive care; neonatal; pediatrics