title: Quantitative Metabolomic Analysis of Urinary Citrulline and Calcitroic Acid in Mice after Exposure to Various Types of Ionizing Radiation.
abstract: With the safety of existing nuclear power plants being brought into question after the Fukushima disaster and the increased level of concern over terrorism-sponsored use of improvised nuclear devices, it is more crucial to develop well-defined radiation injury markers in easily accessible biofluids to help emergency-responders with injury assessment during patient triage. Here, we focused on utilizing ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) to identify and quantitate the unique changes in the urinary excretion of two metabolite markers, calcitroic acid and citrulline, in mice induced by different forms of irradiation; external γ irradiation at a low dose rate (LDR) of 3.0 mGy/min and a high dose rate (HDR) of 1.1 Gy/min, and internal exposure to Cesium-137 ((137)Cs) and Strontium-90 ((90)Sr). The multiple reaction monitoring analysis showed that, while exposure to (137)Cs and (90)Sr induced a statistically significant and persistent decrease, similar doses of external γ beam at the HDR had the opposite effect, and the LDR had no effect on the urinary levels of these two metabolites. This suggests that the source of exposure and the dose rate strongly modulate the in vivo metabolomic injury responses, which may have utility in clinical biodosimetry assays for the assessment of exposure in an affected population. This study complements our previous investigations into the metabolomic profile of urine from mice internally exposed to (90)Sr and (137)Cs and to external γ beam radiation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular &amp; Cellular Biology, Georgetown University, 3970 Reservoir Road NW, Washington, DC 20057, USA. mg668@georgetown.edu.
authors.forename: Maryam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Goudarzi
authors.affiliation: Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, 3800 Reservoir Road NW, Washington, DC 20057, USA. siddheshwarchauthe@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Siddheshwar
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chauthe
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular &amp; Cellular Biology, Georgetown University, 3970 Reservoir Road NW, Washington, DC 20057, USA. steve.strawn@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Steven J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Strawn
authors.affiliation: Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, 2425 Ridgecrest Dr. SE, Albuquerque, NM 87108, USA. wweber@lrri.org.
authors.forename: Waylon M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Weber
authors.affiliation: Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University, 630 West 168th Street, VC11-240, New York, NY 10032, USA. djb3@cumc.columbia.edu.
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Brenner
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular &amp; Cellular Biology, Georgetown University, 3970 Reservoir Road NW, Washington, DC 20057, USA. af294@georgetown.edu.|Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, 3800 Reservoir Road NW, Washington, DC 20057, USA. af294@georgetown.edu.
authors.forename: Albert J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Fornace
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002117:Calcitriol / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000652:urine; D002956:Citrulline / Q000652:urine*; D005260:Female; D005720:Gamma Rays / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008297:Male; D055432:Metabolomics; D051379:Mice; D011833:Radiation Injuries, Experimental / Q000652:urine*
chemical_list: D002956:Citrulline; C021640:calcitroic acid; D002117:Calcitriol
keywords: Internal emitters; biodosimetry; calcitroic acid; citrulline; external γ irradiation; multiple reaction monitoring; quantitative metabolomics