title: The Second Subunit of DNA Polymerase Delta Is Required for Genomic Stability and Epigenetic Regulation.
abstract: DNA polymerase δ plays crucial roles in DNA repair and replication as well as maintaining genomic stability. However, the function of POLD2, the second small subunit of DNA polymerase δ, has not been characterized yet in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). During a genetic screen for release of transcriptional gene silencing, we identified a mutation in POLD2. Whole-genome bisulfite sequencing indicated that POLD2 is not involved in the regulation of DNA methylation. POLD2 genetically interacts with Ataxia Telangiectasia-mutated and Rad3-related and DNA polymerase α The pold2-1 mutant exhibits genomic instability with a high frequency of homologous recombination. It also exhibits hypersensitivity to DNA-damaging reagents and short telomere length. Whole-genome chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing and RNA sequencing analyses suggest that pold2-1 changes H3K27me3 and H3K4me3 modifications, and these changes are correlated with the gene expression levels. Our study suggests that POLD2 is required for maintaining genome integrity and properly establishing the epigenetic markers during DNA replication to modulate gene expression.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China (J.Z., J.C., Z.G.);Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China (S.X., J.-K.Z.);Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47906 (S.X., J.-K.Z.); andState Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China National Maize Improvement Center, Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China (J.L.).
authors.forename: Jixiang
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-1641-8650
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China (J.Z., J.C., Z.G.);Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China (S.X., J.-K.Z.);Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47906 (S.X., J.-K.Z.); andState Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China National Maize Improvement Center, Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China (J.L.).
authors.forename: Shaojun
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-6719-9814
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China (J.Z., J.C., Z.G.);Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China (S.X., J.-K.Z.);Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47906 (S.X., J.-K.Z.); andState Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China National Maize Improvement Center, Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China (J.L.).
authors.forename: Jinkui
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China (J.Z., J.C., Z.G.);Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China (S.X., J.-K.Z.);Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47906 (S.X., J.-K.Z.); andState Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China National Maize Improvement Center, Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China (J.L.).
authors.forename: Jinsheng
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lai
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China (J.Z., J.C., Z.G.);Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China (S.X., J.-K.Z.);Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47906 (S.X., J.-K.Z.); andState Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China National Maize Improvement Center, Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China (J.L.).
authors.forename: Jian-Kang
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-5134-731X
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China (J.Z., J.C., Z.G.);Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China (S.X., J.-K.Z.);Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47906 (S.X., J.-K.Z.); andState Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China National Maize Improvement Center, Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China (J.L.) gongzz@cau.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Zhizhong
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Gong
mesh_terms: D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000166:cytology / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics*; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000235:genetics; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D019175:DNA Methylation / Q000235:genetics; D004258:DNA Polymerase III / Q000378:metabolism*; D004260:DNA Repair / Q000235:genetics; D004261:DNA Replication / Q000235:genetics; D044127:Epigenesis, Genetic; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D020868:Gene Silencing; D042822:Genomic Instability; D006657:Histones / Q000378:metabolism; D059765:Homologous Recombination / Q000235:genetics; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics; D010641:Phenotype; D021122:Protein Subunits / Q000378:metabolism*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D016615:Telomere / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; D006657:Histones; D021122:Protein Subunits; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C000622655:POLD2 protein, Arabidopsis; D004258:DNA Polymerase III