title: A mouse model of weight-drop closed head injury: emphasis on cognitive and neurological deficiency.
abstract: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of death and disability in individuals worldwide. Producing a clinically relevant TBI model in small-sized animals remains fairly challenging. For good screening of potential therapeutics, which are effective in the treatment of TBI, animal models of TBI should be established and standardized. In this study, we established mouse models of closed head injury using the Shohami weight-drop method with some modifications concerning cognitive deficiency assessment and provided a detailed description of the severe TBI animal model. We found that 250 g falling weight from 2 cm height produced severe closed head injury in C57BL/6 male mice. Cognitive disorders in mice with severe closed head injury could be detected using passive avoidance test on day 7 after injury. Findings from this study indicate that weight-drop injury animal models are suitable for further screening of brain neuroprotectants and potentially are similar to those seen in human TBI.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine and Defence Health, National Defence University of Malaysia, Kem Sungai Besi, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Igor
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-1041-5747
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Khalin
authors.affiliation: Chemistry Department, Centre for Defence Foundation Studies, National Defence University of Malaysia, Kem Sungai Besi, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Nor Laili Azua
authors.initials: NL
authors.lastname: Jamari
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine and Defence Health, National Defence University of Malaysia, Kem Sungai Besi, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Nadiawati Bt Abdul
authors.initials: NB
authors.lastname: Razak
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine and Defence Health, National Defence University of Malaysia, Kem Sungai Besi, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Zubaidah Bt
authors.initials: ZB
authors.lastname: Hasain
authors.affiliation: Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National Defence University of Malaysia, Kem Sungai Besi, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Mohd Asri Bin Mohd
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Nor
authors.affiliation: Centre for Research and Innovation Management, National Defence University of Malaysia, Kem Sungai Besi, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Mohd Hakimi Bin Ahmad
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Zainudin
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine and Defence Health, National Defence University of Malaysia, Kem Sungai Besi, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Ainsah Bt
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Omar
authors.affiliation: Scientific Centre for Expertise of Medical Application Products, Petrovsky Blvd, Moscow, Russia.
authors.forename: Renad
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Alyautdin
keywords: C57BL/6 mice; nerve regeneration; neural regeneration; neurological severity score; passive avoidance; traumatic brain injury; weight-drop injury model