title: Evidences and perspectives in the utilization of CLNA isomers as bioactive compounds in foods.
abstract: Conjugated alpha linolenic acid (CLNA) isomers are promising lipids owing to their similarities with conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) but exerting their bioactivity at lower doses; some isomers also belong to omega 3 family. This review aims to summarize the state of the art about the utilization of CLNA as a functional ingredient. Indeed, in vitro and in vivo studies reported that CLNA exerted anticancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-obese, and antioxidant activities. However, CLNA has not been tested in humans. These compounds are naturally present in meat and milk fat from ruminants but the highest concentrations are found in vegetable oils. Their incorporation in foodstuffs is one of the most effective strategies to elaborate CLNA-enriched products together with the microbiological production. Lactobacilli, propionibacteria, and bifidobacteria strains have been assayed to produce CLNA isomers but at the current moment there are not high CLNA concentration products elaborated using these strains. Furthermore, it is known that CLNA isomers are highly prone to oxidation when compared with linoleic acid and CLA, but the possible effects of elaboration and storage on high CLNA productsare unknown.The utilization of CLNA as a functional compound still remains a challenge and requires more research to address all of its technological and bioactivity aspects.
authors.affiliation: a CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado , Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa/Porto , Porto , Portugal.
authors.forename: Ana L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Fontes
authors.affiliation: a CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado , Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa/Porto , Porto , Portugal.
authors.forename: Lígia L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Pimentel
authors.affiliation: a CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado , Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa/Porto , Porto , Portugal.
authors.forename: Catarina D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Simões
authors.affiliation: a CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado , Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa/Porto , Porto , Portugal.
authors.forename: Ana M P
authors.initials: AMP
authors.lastname: Gomes
authors.affiliation: a CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado , Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa/Porto , Porto , Portugal.|b Centro de Investigación en Recursos Naturales y Sustentabilidad (CIRENYS) , Universidad Bernardo O'Higgins , Santiago de Chile , Chile.
authors.forename: Luís M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Rodríguez-Alcalá
mesh_terms: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019440:Anti-Obesity Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016588:Anticarcinogenic Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001644:Bifidobacterium; D005502:Food; D006801:Humans; D007155:Immunologic Factors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007536:Isomerism; D044243:Linoleic Acids, Conjugated / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017962:alpha-Linolenic Acid / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D019440:Anti-Obesity Agents; D016588:Anticarcinogenic Agents; D007155:Immunologic Factors; D044243:Linoleic Acids, Conjugated; D017962:alpha-Linolenic Acid
keywords: CLNA-enriched products; bioactivity; microbiological production; safety; stability