title: A Survey of N'-Nitrosonornicotine (NNN) and Total Water Content in Select Smokeless Tobacco Products Purchased in the United States in 2015.
abstract: This investigation provides an updated survey measuring the levels of N'-nitrosonornicotine (NNN) and water content of a select number of smokeless tobacco products sold in the United States in 2015. A total of 34 smokeless tobacco products were collected and analyzed for NNN and water content using LC-MS/MS and GC-TCD, respectively. Smokeless tobacco products were chosen to obtain a representative sample of the different types of products on the U.S. market. These smokeless products represent 12 of the 25 top-selling smokeless tobacco products according to 2013 Nielsen net sales data while five of the smokeless tobacco products are of lower selling smokeless tobacco products. The NNN levels and the water content of the smokeless tobacco products were determined and compared to previous studies. Although the range of NNN levels found was broad for the examined smokeless tobacco products (0.64-12.0 μg/g dry weight), dry snuff had the highest levels of NNN observed (>5 μg/g dry weight). We observed a general decrease in NNN levels for the same six moist snuff products that were analyzed in 2004 compared to our current 2015 study. The water content of the smokeless tobacco products surveyed ranged from 3.92 to 54.8%.
authors.affiliation: Center for Tobacco Products, U.S. Food and Drug Administration , 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993, United States.
authors.forename: Jeffrey R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Ammann
authors.affiliation: Center for Tobacco Products, U.S. Food and Drug Administration , 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993, United States.
authors.forename: Katherine S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Lovejoy
authors.affiliation: Center for Tobacco Products, U.S. Food and Drug Administration , 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993, United States.
authors.forename: Matthew J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Walters
authors.affiliation: Center for Tobacco Products, U.S. Food and Drug Administration , 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993, United States.
authors.forename: Matthew R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Holman
mesh_terms: D002273:Carcinogens / Q000032:analysis*; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid; D009602:Nitrosamines / Q000032:analysis*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry; D014030:Tobacco, Smokeless / Q000032:analysis* / Q000191:economics; D014481:United States; D014867:Water / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D002273:Carcinogens; D009602:Nitrosamines; D014867:Water; C008655:N'-nitrosonornicotine
keywords: LC-MS/MS; N′-nitrosonornicotine (NNN); smokeless tobacco products; surveillance; water content