title: GLK/MAP4K3 overexpression associates with recurrence risk for non-small cell lung cancer.
abstract: Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for 85% of total lung cancers; 40% to 60% of NSCLC patients die of cancer recurrence after cancer resection. Since GLK (also named MAP4K3) induces activation of NF-κB, which contributes to tumor progression, we investigated the role of GLK in NSCLC. GLK protein levels of 190 samples from pulmonary tissue arrays and 58 pulmonary resection samples from stage I to stage III NSCLC patients were studied using immunohistochemistry or immunoblotting. High levels of GLK proteins were detected in pulmonary tissues from NSCLC patients. Elevated GLK protein levels were correlated with increased recurrence risks and poor recurrence-free survival rates in NSCLC patients after adjusting for pathologic stage, smoking status, alcohol status, and EGFR levels. Thus, GLK is a novel prognostic biomarker for NSCLC recurrence.
authors.affiliation: Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, 40705, Taiwan.|Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chung-Ping
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.affiliation: Immunology Research Center, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, 35053, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Huai-Chia
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Chuang
authors.affiliation: Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, 40705, Taiwan.|Institute of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Ming-Ching
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, 35053, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Hsiao-Hui
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Tsou
authors.affiliation: Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, 40705, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Li-Wen
authors.initials: LW
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Immunology Research Center, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, 35053, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Ju-Pi
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Immunology Research Center, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, 35053, Taiwan.|Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA.
authors.forename: Tse-Hua
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Tan
mesh_terms: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism*; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015151:Immunoblotting; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008168:Lung / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011379:Prognosis; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; C543044:MAP4K3 protein, human; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases
keywords: GCK-like kinase (GLK); MAP4K3; NSCLC; cancer recurrence; lung cancer