title: Learning and performance of endotracheal intubation by paramedical students: Comparison of GlideScope(®) and intubating laryngeal mask airway with direct laryngoscopy in manikins.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  GlideScope video laryngoscope (GVL) and intubating laryngeal mask airway (I-LMA) may be used to facilitate intubation and secure the airway in patients with normal and abnormal airways. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether (GVL) and (I-LMA) facilitate and improve the tracheal intubation success rate and could be learned and performed easily by paramedic students when compared with Macintosh direct laryngoscopy (DL).
  
  
  METHODS
  This study was a prospective, randomised crossover trial that included 100 paramedic students. Macintosh DL, I-LMA and GVL were tested in both normal and difficult airway scenarios. Each participant was allowed up to three intubation attempts with each device, in each scenario. The time required to perform tracheal intubation, the success rate, number of intubation attempts and of optimisation manoeuvres and the severity of dental trauma were recorded. Statistical analysis was performed using Chi-square, one-way ANOVA, or Kruskal-Wallis test as appropriate, followed by post hoc test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  GVL and I-LMA required less time to successfully perform tracheal intubation, showed a greater success rate of intubation, reduced the number of intubation attempts and optimization manoeuvres required and reduced the severity of dental trauma compared to Macintosh DL in both normal and difficult airway scenarios.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  GVL and I-LMA provide better airway management than Macintosh DL in both normal and difficult airway scenarios.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah Mukarramah, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Adil Omar
authors.initials: AO
authors.lastname: Bahathiq
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesia Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al Qura University, Makkah Mukarramah, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Tharwat Helmy
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Abdelmontaleb
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesia Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al Qura University, Makkah Mukarramah, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Mohammed Khairt
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Newigy
keywords: Airway management; intratracheal; intubation; laryngeal mask; laryngoscopy