title: Clinical Features of Ocular Sarcoidosis in Patients with Biopsy-proven Pulmonary Sarcoidosis in Serbia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To analyze clinical characteristics of ocular sarcoidosis in a group of biopsy-proven sarcoid patients treated at the single referral center for sarcoidosis in Serbia.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective study carried out on 88 biopsy-proven sarcoid patients between January 2012 and December 2014. All patients underwent complete ophthalmological examination.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ocular sarcoidosis was present in 32 patients (36.4% of all) and included: eyelid skin lesions (2.3%); orbital inflammation (2.3%); conjunctival lesions (7.9%); anterior uveitis (2.3%); intermediate uveitis (1.1%); posterior uveitis (15.9%); panuveitis (5.7%), and neuro-ophthalmologic manifestations (9.1%). Complications included cataract (20.4%); glaucoma (5.7%); cystoid macular edema (3.4%); epiretinal membrane formation (4.5%); macular atrophy (2.3%); and choroidal neovascularization (1.1%). Binocular visual impairment was present in one patient (1.1%), due to complications of posterior uveitis (macular scars).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients in Serbia demonstrated ocular sarcoidosis as the first most common site of extrapulmonary sarcoid manifestations, with more often neuro-ophthalmologic lesions than in other European populations.
authors.affiliation: a Clinic for Eye Diseases, Clinical Center of Serbia , Belgrade , Serbia.|b University of Belgrade, School of Medicine , Belgrade , Serbia.
authors.forename: Aleksandra
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8859-5103
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Radosavljević
authors.affiliation: b University of Belgrade, School of Medicine , Belgrade , Serbia.
authors.forename: Vesna
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9941-7305
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Jakšić
authors.affiliation: c Institute of General and Physical Chemistry, University of Belgrade , Belgrade , Serbia.
authors.forename: Lato
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0704-3084
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Pezo
authors.affiliation: a Clinic for Eye Diseases, Clinical Center of Serbia , Belgrade , Serbia.|b University of Belgrade, School of Medicine , Belgrade , Serbia.
authors.forename: Dragana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kovačević-Pavićević
authors.affiliation: a Clinic for Eye Diseases, Clinical Center of Serbia , Belgrade , Serbia.
authors.forename: Aleksandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ilić
authors.affiliation: b University of Belgrade, School of Medicine , Belgrade , Serbia.|d Institute of Pulmonary Diseases, Clinical Center of Serbia , Belgrade , Serbia.
authors.forename: Violeta
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8315-2779
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Mihailović Vučinić
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001706:Biopsy; D005128:Eye Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012507:Sarcoidosis / Q000175:diagnosis*; D017565:Sarcoidosis, Pulmonary / Q000175:diagnosis*; D055771:Serbia; D014605:Uveitis / Q000175:diagnosis; D014786:Vision Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis; D014792:Visual Acuity / Q000502:physiology; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Anterior uveitis; ocular complications; ocular sarcoidosis; posterior uveitis; sarcoid uveitis