title: Influence of canopy-applied chitosan on the composition of organic cv. Sangiovese and Cabernet Sauvignon berries and wines.
abstract: The effects of canopy-applied chitosan on grapes and derived wine were evaluated in an organically managed mature vineyard. The experiment was performed on Sangiovese and Cabernet Sauvignon red grape cultivars, the application of a chitosan solution was compared to water spraying. Each treatment was applied 3 times (beginning and end of veraison, and pre-harvest) in a randomized block experimental design. Significant differences in (+)-catechin, (-)-epicatechin and procyanidin B2 amounts in berries and wines were detected in Cabernet Sauvignon but not in Sangiovese. Chitosan did not influence the berry skin anthocyanin and flavonol amount or t-resveratrol concentration in both skins and wines. A considerable increase in γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), together with some other amino acids, ammonium and amines was observed in the berry flesh of cv. Cabernet Sauvignon. The increase in phenolic acids and nitrogenous compounds, especially GABA, in the pulp of Cabernet Sauvignon grapes suggests changes in stress response.
authors.affiliation: Department of Agricultural Sciences, School of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Viale G. Fanin, 44, 40127 Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Paola
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Tessarin
authors.affiliation: Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, School of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Piazza Goidanich 60, 47521 Cesena, Italy. Electronic address: fabio.chinnici@unibo.it.
authors.forename: Fabio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Chinnici
authors.affiliation: Department of Agricultural Sciences, School of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Viale G. Fanin, 44, 40127 Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Donnini
authors.affiliation: Department of Agricultural Sciences, School of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Viale G. Fanin, 44, 40127 Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Enrico
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Liquori
authors.affiliation: Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, School of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Piazza Goidanich 60, 47521 Cesena, Italy.
authors.forename: Claudio
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Riponi
authors.affiliation: Department of Agricultural Sciences, School of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Viale G. Fanin, 44, 40127 Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Adamo Domenico
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Rombolà
mesh_terms: D000872:Anthocyanins / Q000032:analysis; D044946:Biflavonoids / Q000032:analysis; D002392:Catechin / Q000032:analysis; D048271:Chitosan / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D058870:Food, Organic / Q000032:analysis*; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000187:drug effects; D062385:Hydroxybenzoates / Q000032:analysis; D044945:Proanthocyanidins / Q000032:analysis; D000077185:Resveratrol; D012996:Solutions; D013267:Stilbenes / Q000032:analysis; D027843:Vitis / Q000737:chemistry*; D014920:Wine / Q000032:analysis*; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D000872:Anthocyanins; D044946:Biflavonoids; D062385:Hydroxybenzoates; D044945:Proanthocyanidins; D012996:Solutions; D013267:Stilbenes; C479580:procyanidin B2; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; D002392:Catechin; D048271:Chitosan; C017616:phenolic acid; D000077185:Resveratrol
keywords: Amino acids; Chitosan; GABA; Phenylpropanoid pathway; Plant induced resistance; Red wine