title: Production of cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase by immobilized Bacillus sp. on chitosan matrix.
abstract: The whole-cell immobilization on chitosan matrix was evaluated. Bacillus sp., as producer of CGTase, was grown in solid-state and batch cultivation using three types of starches (cassava, potato and cornstarch). Biomass growth and substrate consumption were assessed by flow cytometry and modified phenol-sulfuric acid assays, respectively. Qualitative analysis of CGTase production was determined by colorless area formation on solid culture containing phenolphthalein. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis demonstrated that bacterial cells were immobilized on chitosan matrix efficiently. Free cells reached very high numbers during batch culture while immobilized cells maintained initial inoculum concentration. The maximum enzyme activity achieved by free cells was 58.15 U ml(-1) (36 h), 47.50 U ml(-1) (36 h) and 68.36 U ml(-1) (36 h) on cassava, potato and cornstarch, respectively. CGTase activities for immobilized cells were 82.15 U ml(-1) (18 h) on cassava, 79.17 U ml(-1) (12 h) on potato and 55.37 U ml(-1) (in 6 h and max 77.75 U ml(-1) in 36 h) on cornstarch. Application of immobilization technique increased CGTase activity significantly. The immobilized cells produced CGTase with higher activity in a shorter fermentation time comparing to free cells.
authors.affiliation: Molecular Biology and Genetics, Institute of Biological Science, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ismail
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Eş
authors.affiliation: Molecular Biology and Genetics, Institute of Biological Science, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil.
authors.forename: Maycon Carvalho
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Ribeiro
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil.
authors.forename: Samuel Rodrigues
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Dos Santos Júnior
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Amin Mousavi
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Khaneghah
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Science, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil.
authors.forename: Armando Garcia
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Rodriguez
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil. amaral.nanobiotech@gmail.com.
authors.forename: André Corrêa
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Amaral
mesh_terms: D001407:Bacillus / Q000201:enzymology*; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D018914:Cells, Immobilized / Q000201:enzymology; D048271:Chitosan / Q000737:chemistry*; D005964:Glucosyltransferases / Q000096:biosynthesis*
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D048271:Chitosan; D005964:Glucosyltransferases; C019963:cyclomaltodextrin glucanotransferase
keywords: Bacillus; CGTase; Chitosan; Cyclodextrin; Whole-cell immobilization