title: Visualization of sphingolipids and phospholipids in the fundic gland mucosa of human stomach using imaging mass spectrometry.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To analyze the lipid distribution in gastric mucosae.
  
  
  METHODS
  Imaging mass spectrometry (MS) is a useful tool to survey the distribution of biomolecules in surgical specimens. Here we used the imaging MS apparatus named iMScope to identify the dominant molecules present in the human gastric mucosa near the fundic glands. Five gastric specimens were subjected to iMScope analysis. These specimens were also analyzed by immunohistochemistry using MUC5AC, H(+)-K(+)-ATPaseβ Claudin18 antibodies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Three major molecules with m/z 725.5, 780.5, and 782.5 detected in the gastric mucosa were identified as sphingomyelin (SM) (d18:1/16:0), phosphatidylcholine (PC) (16:0/18:2), and PC (16:0/18:1), respectively, through MS/MS analyses. Using immunohistological staining, SM (d18:1/16:0) signals were mainly co-localized with the foveolar epithelium marker MUC5AC. In contrast, PC (16:0/18:2) signals were observed in the region testing positive for the fundic gland marker H(+)-K(+)-ATPaseβ. PC (16:0/18:1) signals were uniformly distributed throughout the mucosa.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our basic data will contribute to the studies of lipid species in physical and pathological conditions of the human stomach.
authors.affiliation: Nobuya Kurabe, Hisaki Igarashi, Ippei Ohnishi, Yusuke Inoue, Yoshihiko Takahashi, Haruhiko Sugimura, Department of Tumor Pathology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan.
authors.forename: Nobuya
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kurabe
authors.affiliation: Nobuya Kurabe, Hisaki Igarashi, Ippei Ohnishi, Yusuke Inoue, Yoshihiko Takahashi, Haruhiko Sugimura, Department of Tumor Pathology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan.
authors.forename: Hisaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Igarashi
authors.affiliation: Nobuya Kurabe, Hisaki Igarashi, Ippei Ohnishi, Yusuke Inoue, Yoshihiko Takahashi, Haruhiko Sugimura, Department of Tumor Pathology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan.
authors.forename: Ippei
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ohnishi
authors.affiliation: Nobuya Kurabe, Hisaki Igarashi, Ippei Ohnishi, Yusuke Inoue, Yoshihiko Takahashi, Haruhiko Sugimura, Department of Tumor Pathology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan.
authors.forename: Shogo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tajima
authors.affiliation: Nobuya Kurabe, Hisaki Igarashi, Ippei Ohnishi, Yusuke Inoue, Yoshihiko Takahashi, Haruhiko Sugimura, Department of Tumor Pathology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan.
authors.forename: Yusuke
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Inoue
authors.affiliation: Nobuya Kurabe, Hisaki Igarashi, Ippei Ohnishi, Yusuke Inoue, Yoshihiko Takahashi, Haruhiko Sugimura, Department of Tumor Pathology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshihiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.affiliation: Nobuya Kurabe, Hisaki Igarashi, Ippei Ohnishi, Yusuke Inoue, Yoshihiko Takahashi, Haruhiko Sugimura, Department of Tumor Pathology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan.
authors.forename: Mitsutoshi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Setou
authors.affiliation: Nobuya Kurabe, Hisaki Igarashi, Ippei Ohnishi, Yusuke Inoue, Yoshihiko Takahashi, Haruhiko Sugimura, Department of Tumor Pathology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan.
authors.forename: Haruhiko
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sugimura
keywords: Gastric mucosa; Imaging mass spectrometry; Phosphatidylcholine; Sphingomyelin; iMScope