title: Evaluation of Glycemic Control, Lifestyle and Clinical Characteristics in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Treated at King Abdullah University Hospital in Jordan.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The study aimed to assess glycemic control in a Jordanian population with type 2 diabetes and to explore the sociodemographic, clinical and medication-related factors as well as the anthropometric indexes and laboratory values associated with and possibly contributing to unsatisfactory glycemic control.
  
  
  METHODS
  We included 237 patients previously diagnosed as having type 2 diabetes. Data were collected through direct interviews. Sociodemographic and clinical details were collected using a questionnaire designed for the purpose of the study, anthropometric measurements were obtained at the time of the interviews, and laboratory data were extracted from the medical records of King Abdullah University Hospital.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the participants, 60.8% were found to have unsatisfactory glycemic control (glycated hemoglobin levels ≥7%). Unsatisfactory glycemic control was associated with younger ages at diabetes diagnosis, higher mean weights and higher prevalences of diabetic neuropathy. No relationships were found among glycemic control and body mass index, waist circumference or central obesity. Patients with adequate control were more likely to have health insurance and to have hypothyroidism as a comorbidity. Insulin use and medication plans containing insulin were associated with unsatisfactory control. Patients with unsatisfactory control had higher mean levels of low-density lipoproteins and triglycerides and lower mean levels of high-density lipoproteins. Moreover, elevated triglycerides (≥150 mg/dL) and dyslipidemia were associated with unsatisfactory glycemic control.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  More than half of the participants had unsatisfactory glycemic control, highlighting the need for a change in the approach and strategies used for patients with diabetes in Jordan. Factors associated with glycemic control that were found in this study should be further studied and used in the prevention and management of diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Biological Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan; Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan. Electronic address: lneitan@just.edu.jo.
authors.forename: Laith N
authors.initials: LN
authors.lastname: Al-Eitan
authors.affiliation: Istishari Hospital, Wadi Saqra, Amman, Jordan.
authors.forename: Ahmad M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Nassar
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan.
authors.forename: Nesreen A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Saadeh
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan.
authors.forename: Basima A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Almomani
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D015992:Body Mass Index; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D006785:Hospitals, University; D006801:Humans; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000517:prevention & control*; D007003:Hypoglycemia / Q000517:prevention & control*; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007597:Jordan; D008019:Life Style; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D055105:Waist Circumference
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D001786:Blood Glucose; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; C517652:hemoglobin A1c protein, human
keywords: Diabetes; Jordan; body mass index (BMI); contrôle de la glycémie; diabète; glycated hemoglobin (A1C); glycemic control; hémoglobine glyquée (HbA1c); indice de masse corporelle