title: Chronic Periodontitis in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Oxidative Stress as a Common Factor in Periodontal Tissue Injury.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The prevalence of periodontitis is significantly higher among people with poorly controlled diabetes mellitus. Majority of tissue destruction in periodontitis is considered to be the result of an aberrant inflammatory/immune response to microbial plaque and involve prolonged release of reactive oxygen species (ROS). There is increased evidence for compromised antioxidant capacity in periodontal tissues and fluids which may be an added factor for tissue damage in periodontitis.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To study the possible role of Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidant status in blood among chronic periodontitis patients with and without Type 2 Diabetes mellitus.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study comprised of total 100 subjects among which 25 were normal healthy controls, 25 were gingivitis patients, 25 were chronic periodontitis patients (CP) and 25 were having chronic periodontitis with type 2 diabetes (CP with DM). ROS levels were determined as MDA (Malondialdehyde) and antioxidant status as plasma total antioxidant capacity (TAC), vitamin C and erythrocyte Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase activity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was significant increase in MDA levels in all the patient groups compared with healthy controls (p<0.05). The decrease in TAC, Vitamin C and SOD levels among CP with DM patients as compared to controls was highly significant (p<0.01). There was a positive correlation between the probing pocket depth and MDA levels among periodontitis patients with diabetes (r=0.566, p=0.003).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is increased oxidative stress in chronic periodontitis with and without type 2 diabetes indicating a common factor involvement in tissue damage. More severe tissue destruction in periodontitis is associated with excessive ROS generation which is positively correlated in type 2 diabetic subjects.
authors.affiliation: Professor and Head, Department of Biochemistry, S.D.M College of Medical Sciences and Hospital , Dharwad, Karnataka, India .
authors.forename: Vidya S
authors.initials: VS
authors.lastname: Patil
authors.affiliation: Assistant Professor, Department of Biochemistry, S.D.M College of Medical Sciences and Hospital , Dharwad, Karnataka, India .
authors.forename: Vijayetha P
authors.initials: VP
authors.lastname: Patil
authors.affiliation: Post-Graduate, Department of Periodontics, S.D.M College of Dental Sciences and Hospital , Dharwad, Karnataka, India .
authors.forename: Neeraja
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Gokhale
authors.affiliation: Professor, Department of Periodontics, S.D.M College of Dental Sciences and Hospital , Dharwad, Karnataka, India .
authors.forename: Anirudh
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Acharya
authors.affiliation: Associate Professor, Department of Community Medicine, S.D.M College of Medical Sciences and Hospital , Dharwad, Karnataka, India .
authors.forename: Praveenchandra
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kangokar
keywords: Antioxidants; Free radicals; Lipid peroxidation; Reactive oxygen species; Total antioxidant capacity; Vitamin C