title: Metabolic syndrome in urban city of North-Western Nigeria: prevalence and determinants.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in Sokoto metropolis of North-Western Nigeria.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional community based study was carried out. Four hundred and ten subjects (201 males and 209 females) were recruited for the study using a multi-stage sampling technique. Demographic and the life style data was obtained from the participants. Evaluation of anthropometric variables, fasting blood sugar, lipid profiles, insulin resistance and blood pressure was performed. The classification of metabolic syndrome was based on the NCEP ATP III guidelines.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean (SD) age of the sample population was 39.6 (14.4) years. The mean (SD) age of the male subjects was 38.4(14.9) years and that of the females was 40.8(13.9) years (p> 0.05). The overall prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 35.1% with the females having 42.83% and the males 27.36%. The frequencies of metabolic syndrome parameters in the study subjects were low HDL (56.1%), hypertension (46.1%), dysglycemia (32.7%), central obesity (28%), and elevated triglycerides (22.4%). Most of the women had low HDL (62.2%) and central obesity elevated (49.8%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Metabolic syndrome is common in residents of North-Western Nigeria, commoner in the females than males. Risk factors for metabolic syndrome should be detected in normal individuals for implementing effective preventive measures.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital Sokoto, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Anas Ahmad
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Sabir
authors.affiliation: Pharmacology Department Usmanu Danfodiyo University Sokoto, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Abdulgafar
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jimoh
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Sandra Omozehio
authors.initials: SO
authors.lastname: Iwuala
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital Sokoto, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Simeon Alabi
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Isezuo
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Lawal Suleiman
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Bilbis
authors.affiliation: Department of Community Health, Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital Sokoto, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Kaoje Umar
authors.initials: KU
authors.lastname: Aminu
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Zaria, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Sani Atta
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Abubakar
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Yusuf
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Saidu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008875:Middle Aged; D009549:Nigeria / Q000453:epidemiology; D009765:Obesity / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D014505:Urban Population; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D008055:Lipids
keywords: Metabolic syndrome; dyslipidemia; obesity