title: Heavy metal pollution in sediments and mussels: assessment by using pollution indices and metallothionein levels.
abstract: In the present work, the concentration of eight metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn) was determined in the sediments and transplanted and native mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis). The study was conducted in Turkish marinas, shipyards, and shipbreaking yards. The effect of metal pollution was evaluated by determining the levels of metallothionein (MT) in the mussels. The extent of contamination for each single metal was assessed by using the geoaccumulation index (I geo) and enrichment factor (EF). Whereas, to evaluate the overall metal pollution and effect, the pollution load index (PLI), modified contamination degree (mC d), potential toxicity response index (RI), mean effects range median (ERM) quotient (m-ERM-Q), and mean PEL quotient (m-PEL-Q) were calculated. The influence of different background values on the calculations was discussed. The results indicated a significant metal pollution caused by Cu, Pb, and Zn especially in shipyard and shipbreaking sites. Higher concentrations of MT were observed in the ship/breaking yard samples after the transplantation.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, 34469, Istanbul, Turkey. oya.okay@itu.edu.tr.
authors.forename: Oya S
authors.initials: OS
authors.lastname: Okay
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Department of Biology, Arts and Sciences Faculty, İnönü University, 44069, Malatya, Turkey.
authors.forename: Murat
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ozmen
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Department of Biology, Arts and Sciences Faculty, İnönü University, 44069, Malatya, Turkey.
authors.forename: Abbas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Güngördü
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, 34469, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Atilla
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yılmaz
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, 34469, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Sevil D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Yakan
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, 34469, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Burak
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Karacık
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, 34469, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Bilge
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Tutak
authors.affiliation: Institute of Ecological Chemistry, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.|Department für Biowissenschaften, TUM, Wissenschaftszentrum Weihenstephan für Ernährung und Landnutzung, Weihenstephaner Steig 23, 85350, Freising, Germany.
authors.forename: Karl-Werner
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Schramm
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D049872:Bivalvia / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D019015:Geologic Sediments / Q000737:chemistry*; D008668:Metallothionein / Q000032:analysis*; D019216:Metals, Heavy / Q000032:analysis*; D014421:Turkey; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D019216:Metals, Heavy; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D008668:Metallothionein
keywords: Marinas; Metallothionein; Metals; Mussels; Sediments; Shipyards