title: Long non-coding RNA expression profile in minor salivary gland of primary Sjögren's syndrome.
abstract: To examine the roles of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in the regulation of primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) and reveal the expression profile of lncRNAs in labial salivary glands (LSGs) in pSS patients.
  
  
  
  The expression of 63,431 lncRNAs and 39,887 mRNAs were determined in the LSG of four pSS patients and four healthy controls using microarray experiments. Validation was performed in 30 pSS patients and 16 controls using real-time PCR. LncRNA-mRNA co-expression and gene-pathway networks were constructed using bioinformatics software.
  
  
  
  A total of 1243 lncRNAs (upregulated: 890, downregulated: 353) and 1457 mRNAs (upregulated: 1141, downregulated: 316) were differentially expressed in the LSGs of pSS patients (fold change >2, P <0.05). Eight of these lncRNAs were validated using real-time PCR. ENST00000420219.1 (3.13-fold), ENST00000455309.1 (2.51-fold), n336161 (2.45-fold), NR_002712 (2.41-fold), ENST00000546086.1 (1.94-fold), Lnc-UTS2D-1:1 (1.79-fold), n340599 (1.69-fold), and TCONS_l2_00014794 (1.28-fold) were significantly upregulated in pSS. There were strong correlations between these lncRNAs and β2 microglobulin, disease course, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), rheumatoid factor (RF), IgA, IgM, visual analogue scale (VAS) of parotid swelling and VAS of dry eyes. Computational analyses revealed that 28 of the differentially expressed (DE) mRNAs were associated with eight DE lncRNAs involved in chemokine signaling pathways, the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) signaling pathway.
  
  
  
  Our study revealed the expression profile of lncRNAs in LSGs of pSS patients. Many novel lncRNA transcripts that play important roles in the pathogenesis of pSS were dysregulated in pSS. Therefore, this study will aid in the development of new diagnostic biomarkers and drug therapies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Surgery, Affiliated Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Huan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Surgery, Affiliated Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Ningning
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Surgery, Affiliated Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Yiping
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Pu
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Surgery, Affiliated Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Lisong
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Surgery, Affiliated Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China. zhenglingyan73@163.com.
authors.forename: Lingyan
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Surgery, Affiliated Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China. ycq616@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Chuangqi
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D053263:Gene Regulatory Networks; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D062085:RNA, Long Noncoding / Q000235:genetics*; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012470:Salivary Glands, Minor / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D012859:Sjogren's Syndrome / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D059467:Transcriptome
chemical_list: D062085:RNA, Long Noncoding
keywords: Expression profile; Long noncoding RNA; Pathogenesis; Sjögren’s syndrome