title: Microbiome of HIV-infected people.
abstract: Consistent interactions between the gut microbiome and adaptive immunity recently led several research groups to evaluate modifications of human gut microbiota composition during HIV infection. Herein we propose to review the shifts reported in infected individuals, as their correlation to disease progression. Though the gut microbiota is consistently altered in HIV individuals, the literature reveals several discrepancies, such as changes in microbial diversity associated with HIV status, taxa modified in infected subjects or influence of ART on gut flora restoration. Similarly, mechanisms involved in interactions between gut bacteria and immunity are to date poorly elucidated, emphasizing the importance of understanding how microbes can promote HIV replication. Further research is needed to propose adjuvant therapeutics dedicated to controlling disease progression through gut microbiome restoration.
authors.affiliation: Pôle des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Clinique et Biologique, Fédération de Bactériologie-Hygiène-Virologie, University, Hospital Centre Timone, Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire (IHU) Méditerranée Infection, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France; Université Aix-Marseille, Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE) UM 63 CNRS 7278 IRD 198 INSERM U1095, Facultés de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Marseille, France. Electronic address: greg.dubourg@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Grégory
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Dubourg
authors.affiliation: Inserm, U955, Equipe 16, Créteil, 94000, France; Université Paris Est, Faculté de médecine, Créteil, 94000, France; Vaccine Research Institute (VRI), Créteil, 94000, France.
authors.forename: Mathieu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Surenaud
authors.affiliation: Inserm, U955, Equipe 16, Créteil, 94000, France; Université Paris Est, Faculté de médecine, Créteil, 94000, France; Vaccine Research Institute (VRI), Créteil, 94000, France; AP-HP, Hôpital H. Mondor - A. Chenevier, Service d'immunologie biologique, Créteil, 94000, France.
authors.forename: Yves
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lévy
authors.affiliation: Inserm, U955, Equipe 16, Créteil, 94000, France; Université Paris Est, Faculté de médecine, Créteil, 94000, France; Vaccine Research Institute (VRI), Créteil, 94000, France; AP-HP, Hôpital H. Mondor - A. Chenevier, Service d'immunologie biologique, Créteil, 94000, France.
authors.forename: Sophie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hüe
authors.affiliation: Pôle des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Clinique et Biologique, Fédération de Bactériologie-Hygiène-Virologie, University, Hospital Centre Timone, Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire (IHU) Méditerranée Infection, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France; Université Aix-Marseille, Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE) UM 63 CNRS 7278 IRD 198 INSERM U1095, Facultés de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Marseille, France.
authors.forename: Didier
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Raoult
mesh_terms: D056704:Adaptive Immunity; D001419:Bacteria / Q000145:classification / Q000254:growth & development; D044822:Biodiversity; D018450:Disease Progression; D000069196:Gastrointestinal Microbiome / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D041981:Gastrointestinal Tract / Q000382:microbiology; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000276:immunology; D006706:Homeostasis / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D014779:Virus Replication
keywords: Diversity; Gut; HIV/AIDS; Immunity; Microbiota; Translocation