title: Prediction of Post-Concussive Behavioral Changes in a Rodent Model Based on Head Rotational Acceleration Characteristics.
abstract: Quantifying injury tolerance for concussion is complicated by variability in the type, severity, and time course of post-injury physiological and behavioral changes. The current study outlined acute and chronic changes in behavioral metrics following rotational acceleration-induced concussion in rats. The Medical College of Wisconsin (MCW) rotational injury model independently controlled magnitude and duration of the rotational acceleration pulse. Increasing rotational acceleration magnitude produced longer recovery times, which were used in this study and our prior work as an assessment of acute injury severity. However, longer duration rotational accelerations produced changes in emotionality as measured using the elevated plus maze. Cognitive deficits were for the most part not apparent in the Morris water maze assessment, possibly due to the lower severity of rotational acceleration pulses incorporated in this study. Changes in emotionality evolved between acute and chronic assessments, in some cases increasing in severity and in others reversing polarity. These findings highlight the complexity of quantifying injury tolerance for concussion and demonstrate a need to incorporate rotational acceleration magnitude and duration in proposed injury tolerance metrics. Rotational velocity on its own was not a strong predictor of the magnitude or type of acute behavioral changes following concussion, although its combination with rotational acceleration magnitude using multivariate analysis was the strongest predictor for acute recovery time and some chronic emotional-type behavioral changes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, USA. bstemper@mcw.edu.|Clement J. Zablocki Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Milwaukee, USA. bstemper@mcw.edu.|Neuroscience Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, USA. bstemper@mcw.edu.
authors.forename: Brian D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Stemper
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, USA.|Clement J. Zablocki Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Milwaukee, USA.|Neuroscience Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, USA.
authors.forename: Alok S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Shah
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, USA.|Clement J. Zablocki Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Milwaukee, USA.|Neuroscience Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, USA.
authors.forename: Rachel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Chiariello
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, USA.|Neuroscience Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, USA.
authors.forename: Christopher M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Olsen
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, USA.|Clement J. Zablocki Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Milwaukee, USA.|Neuroscience Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, USA.
authors.forename: Matthew D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Budde
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, USA.|Clement J. Zablocki Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Milwaukee, USA.|Neuroscience Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, USA.
authors.forename: Aleksandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Glavaski-Joksimovic
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, USA.|Clement J. Zablocki Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Milwaukee, USA.|Neuroscience Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, USA.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: McCrea
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, USA.|Clement J. Zablocki Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Milwaukee, USA.
authors.forename: Shekar N
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Kurpad
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, USA.|Clement J. Zablocki Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Milwaukee, USA.
authors.forename: Frank A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Pintar
mesh_terms: D000054:Acceleration; D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal; D001924:Brain Concussion / Q000503:physiopathology*; D060825:Cognitive Dysfunction / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006257:Head; D018782:Maze Learning; D051381:Rats; D012399:Rotation
keywords: Angular acceleration; Animal model; Biomechanics; Concussion; Injury; Rotational velocity; Sports; Traumatic brain injury