title: Concurrent Longitudinal EPR Monitoring of Tissue Oxygenation, Acidosis, and Reducing Capacity in Mouse Xenograft Tumor Models.
abstract: Tissue oxygenation, extracellular acidity, and tissue reducing capacity are among crucial parameters of tumor microenvironment (TME) of significant importance for tumor pathophysiology. In this paper, we demonstrate the complementary application of particulate lithium octa-n-butoxy-naphthalocyanine and soluble nitroxide paramagnetic probes for monitoring of these TME parameters using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) technique. Two different types of therapeutic interventions were studied: hypothermia and systemic administration of metabolically active drug. In summary, the results demonstrate the utility of EPR technique for non-invasive concurrent longitudinal monitoring of physiologically relevant chemical parameters of TME in mouse xenograft tumor models, including that under therapeutic intervention.
authors.affiliation: In Vivo Multifunctional Magnetic Resonance Center, Robert C. Byrd Health Science Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA.|Department of Biochemistry, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA.
authors.forename: Andrey A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Bobko
authors.affiliation: The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
authors.forename: Jason
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Evans
authors.affiliation: The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
authors.forename: Nicholas C
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: Denko
authors.affiliation: In Vivo Multifunctional Magnetic Resonance Center, Robert C. Byrd Health Science Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA. valery.khramtsov@hsc.wvu.edu.|Department of Biochemistry, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA. valery.khramtsov@hsc.wvu.edu.
authors.forename: Valery V
authors.initials: VV
authors.lastname: Khramtsov
mesh_terms: D000072283:A549 Cells; D000138:Acidosis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D003497:Cyclic N-Oxides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D004578:Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy; D064593:Heterografts; D006801:Humans; D007036:Hypothermia, Induced; D007546:Isoquinolines / Q000494:pharmacology; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D015335:Molecular Probes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D009125:Muscle Relaxants, Central / Q000494:pharmacology; D009368:Neoplasm Transplantation; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010092:Oximetry / Q000379:methods*; D010100:Oxygen / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D010101:Oxygen Consumption; D059016:Tumor Microenvironment
chemical_list: D003497:Cyclic N-Oxides; D007546:Isoquinolines; D015335:Molecular Probes; D009125:Muscle Relaxants, Central; D010100:Oxygen
keywords: In vivo electron paramagnetic resonance; Lithium naphthalocyanine; Nitroxide; Tissue oxygenation; Tumor acidosis; Tumor microenvironment; Xenograft