title: Formaldehyde Levels in Traditional and Portable Classrooms: A Pilot Investigation.
abstract: The pilot study discussed in this article assessed formaldehyde levels in portable classrooms (PCs) and traditional classrooms the authors evaluated formaldehyde levels in day and overnight indoor air (TCs) and explored factors influencing indoor air quality (e.g., carbon dioxide, temperature, and relative humidity). In a cross-sectional design, samples from nine PCs renovated within three years previously and three TCs in a school district in metropolitan Atlanta, Georgia. Formaldehyde levels ranged from 0.0068 to 0.038 parts per million (ppm). In both types of classroom, overnight formaldehyde median levels (PCs = 0.018 ppm; TCs = 0.019 ppm) were higher than day formaldehyde median levels (PCs = 0.011 ppm; TCs = 0.016 ppm). Carbon dioxide levels measured 470-790 ppm at 7:00 a.m. and 470-1800 ppm at 4:00 p.m. Afternoon medians were higher in TCs (1,400 ppm) than in PCs (780 ppm). Consistent with previous studies, formaldehyde levels were similar among PCs and TCs. Reducing carbon dioxide levels by improving ventilation is recommended for classrooms.
authors.affiliation: ICF International, 3 Corporate Square, NE, Suite 370 Atlanta, GA 30329 USA.
authors.forename: Isabela C
authors.initials: IC
authors.lastname: Ribeiro
authors.affiliation: 4770 Buford Hwy., NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA.
authors.forename: Peter J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Kowalski
authors.affiliation: 1600 Clifton Rd., NE, Atlanta, GA 30333.
authors.forename: David B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Callahan
authors.affiliation: 4770 Buford Hwy., NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA.
authors.forename: Gary P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Noonan
authors.affiliation: 1600 Clifton Rd., NE, Atlanta, GA 30333.
authors.forename: Daphne B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Moffett
authors.affiliation: 1600 Clifton Rd., NE, Atlanta, GA 30333.
authors.forename: David R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Olson
authors.affiliation: 4770 Buford Hwy., NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA.
authors.forename: Josephine
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Malilay
mesh_terms: D016902:Air Pollution, Indoor / Q000032:analysis*; D002940:Circadian Rhythm; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D005557:Formaldehyde / Q000032:analysis*; D005845:Georgia; D010865:Pilot Projects; D012574:Schools; D014691:Ventilation
chemical_list: D005557:Formaldehyde