title: Effect of ACP-CPP Chewing Gum and Natural Chewable Products on Plaque pH, Calcium and Phosphate Concentration.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Numerous epidemiological studies have documented dental caries as the major public health problems throughout the world. It is gradually increasing in the underdeveloped and developing countries especially in children due to increasing popularity of refined sugars.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of natural chewable products (Tulsi, sesame seeds, fennel seeds, coconut) and ACP-CPP chewing gum on plaque pH, calcium and phosphate concentration.
  
  
  METHODS
  A randomized controlled trial, with a cross-over study design, was conducted. Ten subjects aged 15-17 years who agreed to refrain from oral hygiene practice for 48 hours prior to the sample collection were selected for the study. The baseline plaque pH, calcium and phosphate was measured and repeated after 5 and 30 minutes. It was ensured that each study participant was subjected to all the products making an effective sample of ten subjects per product. The data was statistically analysed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean pH in all the study groups increased after 5 minutes and 30 minutes compared to baseline, except for coconut group at 30 minutes and fennel group at 5 minutes. Highest increase in plaque calcium concentration was found in fennel group followed by recaldent and sesame, respectively. Whereas, the highest increase in plaque phosphate was found in recaldent group followed by sesame group and fennel group respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Plant products can be effective, inexpensive, easily accessible methods of maintaining oral health. Further studies are recommended to confirm long term effects.
authors.affiliation: Senior Lecturer, Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Kothiwal Dental College and Research Centre , Moradabad, India .
authors.forename: Saima
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sultan
authors.affiliation: Reader, Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Kothiwal Dental College and Research Centre , Moradabad, India .
authors.forename: Chaitra Ravishankar
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Telgi
authors.affiliation: Professor and Head, Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Kothiwal Dental College and Research Centre , Moradabad, India .
authors.forename: Seema
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chaudhary
authors.affiliation: Professor, Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Kothiwal Dental College and Research Centre , Moradabad, India .
authors.forename: Naveen
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Manuja
authors.affiliation: Reader, Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Kothiwal Dental College and Research Centre , Moradabad, India .
authors.forename: Harsimran
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kaur
authors.affiliation: Reader, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Kothiwal Dental College and Research Centre , Moaradabad, Uttar Pradesh, India .
authors.forename: Sinha Ashish
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Amit
authors.affiliation: Professor, Department of Public Health Dentistry, Kothiwal Dental College and Research Centre , Moaradabad, Uttar Pradesh, India .
authors.forename: Ravishankar Telgi
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Lingesha
keywords: Caries prevention; Coconut; Fennel Seeds; Sesame Seeds; Tulsi