title: Contrasting Linguistic and Genetic Origins of the Asian Source Populations of Malagasy.
abstract: The Austronesian expansion, one of the last major human migrations, influenced regions as distant as tropical Asia, Remote Oceania and Madagascar, off the east coast of Africa. The identity of the Asian groups that settled Madagascar is particularly mysterious. While language connects Madagascar to the Ma'anyan of southern Borneo, haploid genetic data are more ambiguous. Here, we screened genome-wide diversity in 211 individuals from the Ma'anyan and surrounding groups in southern Borneo. Surprisingly, the Ma'anyan are characterized by a distinct, high frequency genomic component that is not found in Malagasy. This novel genetic layer occurs at low levels across Island Southeast Asia and hints at a more complex model for the Austronesian expansion in this region. In contrast, Malagasy show genomic links to a range of Island Southeast Asian groups, particularly from southern Borneo, but do not have a clear genetic connection with the Ma'anyan despite the obvious linguistic association.
authors.affiliation: Evolutionary Medicine Group, Laboratoire d'Anthropologie Moléculaire et Imagerie de Synthèse UMR-5288, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France.|Genome Diversity and Diseases Laboratory, Eijkman Institute for Molecular Biology, Jakarta, Indonesia.
authors.forename: Pradiptajati
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kusuma
authors.affiliation: Evolutionary Medicine Group, Laboratoire d'Anthropologie Moléculaire et Imagerie de Synthèse UMR-5288, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France.
authors.forename: Nicolas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Brucato
authors.affiliation: Statistics and Bioinformatics Group, Institute of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Murray P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Cox
authors.affiliation: Evolutionary Medicine Group, Laboratoire d'Anthropologie Moléculaire et Imagerie de Synthèse UMR-5288, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France.
authors.forename: Denis
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pierron
authors.affiliation: Evolutionary Medicine Group, Laboratoire d'Anthropologie Moléculaire et Imagerie de Synthèse UMR-5288, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France.
authors.forename: Harilanto
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Razafindrazaka
authors.affiliation: Asia Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Adelaar
authors.affiliation: Genome Diversity and Diseases Laboratory, Eijkman Institute for Molecular Biology, Jakarta, Indonesia.|Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia.
authors.forename: Herawati
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sudoyo
authors.affiliation: Evolutionary Medicine Group, Laboratoire d'Anthropologie Moléculaire et Imagerie de Synthèse UMR-5288, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France.
authors.forename: Thierry
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Letellier
authors.affiliation: Evolutionary Medicine Group, Laboratoire d'Anthropologie Moléculaire et Imagerie de Synthèse UMR-5288, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France.
authors.forename: François-Xavier
authors.initials: FX
authors.lastname: Ricaut
mesh_terms: D044466:Asian People; D005006:Ethnicity; D060005:Genotyping Techniques; D063426:Human Migration; D006801:Humans; D008037:Linguistics; D008270:Madagascar