title: Influence of suspended particles on the emission of organophosphate flame retardant from insulation boards.
abstract: The influence of the presence of the so-called seed particles on the emission rate of Tris (1-chloroisopropyl) phosphate (TCIPP) from polyisocyanurate (PIR) insulation boards was investigated in this study. Two Field and Laboratory Emission Test cells (FLEC) were placed on the surface of the same PIR board and respectively supplied with clean air (reference FLEC) and air containing laboratory-generated soot particles (test FLEC). The behavior of the area-specific emission rates (SER A ) over a time period of 10 days was studied by measuring the total (gas + particles) concentrations of TCIPP at the exhaust of each FLEC. The estimated SER A of TCIPP from the PIR board at the quasi-static equilibrium were found to be 0.82 μg m(-2) h(-1) in the absence of seed particles, while the addition of soot particles led to SER A of 2.16 μg m(-2) h(-1). This indicates an increase of the SER A of TCIPP from the PIR board with a factor of 3 in the presence of soot particles. The TCIPP partition coefficient to soot particles at the quasi-static equilibrium was 0.022 ± 0.012 m(3) μg(-1). In the next step, the influence of real-life particles on TCIPP emission rates was investigated by supplying the test FLEC with air from a professional kitchen where mainly frying and baking activities took place. Similar to the reference FLEC outcomes, SER A was also found to increase in this real-life experiment over a time period of 20 days by a factor 3 in the presence of particles generated during cooking activities. The median value of estimated particle-gas coefficient for this test was 0.062 ± 0.037 m(3) μg(-1).
authors.affiliation: Environmental Risk and Health Unit, VITO, Boeretang 200, 2400, Mol, Belgium. borislav.lazarov@vito.be.
authors.forename: Borislav
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lazarov
authors.affiliation: Environmental Risk and Health Unit, VITO, Boeretang 200, 2400, Mol, Belgium.
authors.forename: Rudi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Swinnen
authors.affiliation: Environmental Risk and Health Unit, VITO, Boeretang 200, 2400, Mol, Belgium.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Poelmans
authors.affiliation: Environmental Risk and Health Unit, VITO, Boeretang 200, 2400, Mol, Belgium.
authors.forename: Maarten
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Spruyt
authors.affiliation: Environmental Risk and Health Unit, VITO, Boeretang 200, 2400, Mol, Belgium.
authors.forename: Eddy
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Goelen
authors.affiliation: Toxicological Centre, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium.
authors.forename: Adrian
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Covaci
authors.affiliation: Environmental Risk and Health Unit, VITO, Boeretang 200, 2400, Mol, Belgium.
authors.forename: Marianne
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stranger
mesh_terms: D005411:Flame Retardants / Q000032:analysis*; D010755:Organophosphates / Q000032:analysis*; D001335:Vehicle Emissions
chemical_list: D005411:Flame Retardants; D010755:Organophosphates; D001335:Vehicle Emissions
keywords: Flame retardants; Gas–particle partition; Indoor environment; Specific emission rates