title: Trocars: Site Selection, Instrumentation, and Overcoming Complications.
abstract: In recent years, laparoscopy and robot-assisted procedures have become more commonplace in urology. Incorporation of these techniques into clinical practice requires extensive knowledge of the surgical approaches and complex instrumentation unique to minimally invasive surgery. In this review, focus will be directed to laparoscopic trocars including differing subtypes, placement in select urologic procedures, and proper use with emphasis on the avoidance of complications. Differing methods for the development of pneumoperitoneum and the associated risks of each will be discussed. The aim of this article is to provide a complete review of laparoscopic trocar use for the practicing urologist.
authors.affiliation: 1 The Smith Institute for Urology, Hofstra University School of Medicine , Northwell Health, New Hyde Park, New York.
authors.forename: Geoffrey S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Gaunay
authors.affiliation: 2 Division of Urology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School , New Brunswick, New Jersey.
authors.forename: Sammy E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Elsamra
authors.affiliation: 1 The Smith Institute for Urology, Hofstra University School of Medicine , Northwell Health, New Hyde Park, New York.
authors.forename: Lee
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Richstone
mesh_terms: D000315:Adrenalectomy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D059925:Anatomic Landmarks; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000985:Antisepsis / Q000379:methods; D015653:Cystectomy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D007049:Iatrogenic Disease / Q000517:prevention & control; D000069290:Incisional Hernia / Q000517:prevention & control; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D008197:Lymph Node Excision / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D019060:Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures; D009392:Nephrectomy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D011028:Pneumoperitoneum, Artificial / Q000379:methods; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011468:Prostatectomy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D012187:Retroperitoneal Space / Q000601:surgery; D065287:Robotic Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D013525:Surgical Instruments; D014513:Ureter / Q000601:surgery; D013520:Urologic Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D014572:Urology; D057772:Vascular System Injuries / Q000517:prevention & control
chemical_list: D000779:Anesthetics, Local