title: Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. lactis CNCM-I2494 Restores Gut Barrier Permeability in Chronically Low-Grade Inflamed Mice.
abstract: Growing evidence supports the efficacy of many probiotic strains in the management of gastrointestinal disorders associated with deregulated intestinal barrier function and/or structure. In particular, bifidobacteria have been studied for their efficacy to both prevent and treat a broad spectrum of animal and/or human gut disorders. The aim of the current work was thus to evaluate effects on intestinal barrier function of Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. lactis CNCM-I2494, a strain used in fermented dairy products. A chronic dinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (DNBS)-induced low-grade inflammation model causing gut dysfunction in mice was used in order to study markers of inflammation, intestinal permeability, and immune function in the presence of the bacterial strain. In this chronic low-grade inflammation mice model several parameters pointed out the absence of an over active inflammation process. However, gut permeability, lymphocyte populations, and colonic cytokines were found to be altered. B. animalis ssp. lactis CNCM-I2494 was able to protect barrier functions by restoring intestinal permeability, colonic goblet cell populations, and cytokine levels. Furthermore, tight junction (TJ) proteins levels were also measured by qRT-PCR showing the ability of this strain to specifically normalize the level of several TJ proteins, in particular for claudin-4. Finally, B. lactis strain counterbalanced CD4(+) lymphocyte alterations in both spleen and mesenteric lymphoid nodes. It restores the Th1/Th2 ratio altered by the DNBS challenge (which locally augments CD4(+) Th1 cells) by increasing the Th2 response as measured by the increase in the production of major representative Th2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-5, and IL-10). Altogether, these data suggest that B. animalis ssp. lactis CNCM-I2494 may efficiently prevent disorders associated with increased barrier permeability.
authors.affiliation: Commensal and Probiotics-Host Interactions Laboratory, Micalis Institute, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay Jouy-en-Josas, France.
authors.forename: Rebeca
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Martín
authors.affiliation: Commensal and Probiotics-Host Interactions Laboratory, Micalis Institute, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-SaclayJouy-en-Josas, France; Danone Nutricia ResearchPalaiseau, France.
authors.forename: Laure
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Laval
authors.affiliation: Commensal and Probiotics-Host Interactions Laboratory, Micalis Institute, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay Jouy-en-Josas, France.
authors.forename: Florian
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Chain
authors.affiliation: Commensal and Probiotics-Host Interactions Laboratory, Micalis Institute, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay Jouy-en-Josas, France.
authors.forename: Sylvie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Miquel
authors.affiliation: Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University Hamilton, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: Jane
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Natividad
authors.affiliation: Commensal and Probiotics-Host Interactions Laboratory, Micalis Institute, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay Jouy-en-Josas, France.
authors.forename: Claire
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cherbuy
authors.affiliation: Commensal and Probiotics-Host Interactions Laboratory, Micalis Institute, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-SaclayJouy-en-Josas, France; ERL INSERM U 1057/UMR7203, Faculté de Médecine Saint-Antoine, Université Pierre et Marie CurieParis, France; Service de Gastroentérologie, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de ParisParis, France.
authors.forename: Harry
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sokol
authors.affiliation: Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University Hamilton, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: Elena F
authors.initials: EF
authors.lastname: Verdu
authors.affiliation: Danone Nutricia Research Palaiseau, France.
authors.forename: Johan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: van Hylckama Vlieg
authors.affiliation: Commensal and Probiotics-Host Interactions Laboratory, Micalis Institute, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay Jouy-en-Josas, France.
authors.forename: Luis G
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Bermudez-Humaran
authors.affiliation: Danone Nutricia Research Palaiseau, France.
authors.forename: Tamara
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Smokvina
authors.affiliation: Commensal and Probiotics-Host Interactions Laboratory, Micalis Institute, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay Jouy-en-Josas, France.
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Langella
keywords: apical junction proteins; goblet cells; micro-inflammation