title: [Skeletal Class Ⅲ patients treated with Fränkel function regulator type Ⅲ in the early and late mixed dentition].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the outcome of skeletal Class Ⅲ patients treated with Fränkel function regulator type Ⅲ (FR Ⅲ)in the early mixed and late mixed dentition.
  
  
  METHODS
  The samples consisted of 45 mild and moderate skeletal Class Ⅲ patients(26 males, 19 females; meanage, [7.9±1.3] years) treated with FR Ⅲ. According to Hellman's dental developmental stages, these samples were divided into early-treated group(n=24) and late-treated group(n=21). Lateral cephalograms were taken at the beginning and the end of treatment. Twenty-one measurements on hard and soft tissue were included.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After treatment, SNA, ANB, NA-Apo, Wits, U1-SN, U1-NA, Overjet, UL-EP were significantly increased (1.0±1.9)°, (1.2±1.6)°, (2.6±4.2)°, (1.8±2.7) mm, (4.2±7.6)°, (2.6±7.5)°, (3.6±2.3) mm and (0.8±2.2) mm(P<0.05). OP-SN and IMPA were significantly decreased (1.5±3.7)°and (1.4±4.2)°(P<0.05). There were significant differences in SNA, ANB, UL-EP, IMPA, L1-NB between early-treated group and late-treated group(P<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  FR Ⅲ was suitable for the treatment of mild and moderate skeletal Class Ⅲ patients. The result was better in the early-treated patients than in late-treated ones.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China(Pressent address: Department of Pediatric Dentistry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China).
authors.forename: Yajing
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Du
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
authors.forename: Shiyan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
authors.forename: Nanquan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Rao
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
authors.forename: Shuhao
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
authors.forename: Xiaobing
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D002508:Cephalometry; D002648:Child; D003818:Dentition, Mixed; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008313:Malocclusion, Angle Class III / Q000628:therapy*; D017289:Orthodontic Appliances, Functional; D057887:Overbite / Q000209:etiology; D061665:Time-to-Treatment; D016896:Treatment Outcome