title: Use of controlled internal drug releasing (CIDR) devices to control reproduction in goats: A review.
abstract: High reproductive rates are necessary in order to increase the productivity of goat operations. Progesterone and its analogues are widely used in other species to control the reproductive system to facilitate synchronized births, induce fertile estrus or to facilitate the use of assisted reproductive techniques with the goal of increasing productivity of livestock. Progesterone impregnated controlled internal drug releasing (CIDR) devices are approved for delivery of the natural hormone progesterone to synchronize and induce fertile estrus in sheep. A few studies have reported a high estrous response and pregnancy rates when CIDRs are used to induce estrus in goats. However, significant variation exists in the duration of treatment (5-16 days) and in the use of exogenous gonadotropins as part of the treatment protocol. As gonadotropins are not currently approved for commercial use in small ruminants in the USA, studies are needed to determine the necessity for exogenous gonadotropins and whether they can be replaced by enhancing endogenous secretion through photoperiodic manipulation of the doe and \ or increase stimulation through the 'buck-effect'. Future studies must not only evaluate efficacy, but should consider the economic feasibility of using CIDRs in commercial production systems.
authors.affiliation: Division of Animal and Nutritional Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA.
authors.forename: Marlon
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Knights
authors.affiliation: Division of Natural Resources and Design, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA.
authors.forename: Doolarie
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Singh-Knights
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems / Q000379:methods* / Q000662:veterinary*; D004971:Estrus / Q000187:drug effects; D004973:Estrus Synchronization / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006041:Goats / Q000502:physiology*; D006062:Gonadotropins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D010062:Ovulation Induction / Q000379:methods* / Q000662:veterinary*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011374:Progesterone / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012098:Reproduction / Q000187:drug effects*; D027724:Reproductive Techniques, Assisted / Q000662:veterinary*; D012756:Sheep; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D006062:Gonadotropins; D011374:Progesterone
keywords: CIDR; estrus; goat; reproduction