title: Abnormal echocardiography in patients with type 2 diabetes and relation to symptoms and clinical characteristics.
abstract: We aimed to determine the prevalence of echocardiographic abnormalities and their relation to clinical characteristics and cardiac symptoms in a large, contemporary cohort of patients with type 2 diabetes.
  
  
  
  A total of 1030 patients with type 2 diabetes participated. Echocardiographic abnormalities were present in 513 (49.8%) patients, mainly driven by a high prevalence of diastolic dysfunction 178 (19.4%), left ventricular hypertrophy 213 (21.0%) and left atrial enlargement, 200 (19.6%). The prevalence increased markedly with age from 31.1% in the youngest group (<55 years) to 73.9% in the oldest group (>75 years) (p < 0.001) and was equally distributed among the sexes (p = 0.76). In univariate analyses, electrocardiographic abnormalities, age, body mass index, known coronary heart disease, hypertension, albuminuria, diabetes duration and creatinine were associated with abnormal echocardiography along with dyspnoea and characteristic chest pain (p < 0.05 for all). Neither of the cardiac symptoms nor clinical characteristics had sufficient sensitivity and specificity to accurately identify patients with abnormal echocardiography.
  
  
  
  Echocardiographic abnormalities are very common in outpatients with type 2 diabetes, but neither cardiac symptoms nor clinical characteristics are effective to identify patients with echocardiographic abnormalities.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark Institute for Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark petergodsk@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Peter Godsk
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Jørgensen
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark.
authors.forename: Magnus T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Jensen
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark.
authors.forename: Rasmus
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mogelvang
authors.affiliation: Steno Diabetes Center, Gentofte, Denmark.
authors.forename: Bernt Johan
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: von Scholten
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark.
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bech
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fritz-Hansen
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark.
authors.forename: Søren
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Galatius
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark.
authors.forename: Tor
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Biering-Sørensen
authors.affiliation: Steno Diabetes Center, Gentofte, Denmark.
authors.forename: Henrik U
authors.initials: HU
authors.lastname: Andersen
authors.affiliation: Institute for Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark Center for Diabetes Research, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark.
authors.forename: Tina
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Vilsbøll
authors.affiliation: Institute for Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark Steno Diabetes Center, Gentofte, Denmark Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rossing
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark Institute for Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Jan S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Jensen
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D003718:Denmark / Q000453:epidemiology; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D003971:Diastole; D015150:Echocardiography, Doppler; D004562:Electrocardiography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D017379:Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010045:Outpatients; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D018487:Ventricular Dysfunction, Left / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left
keywords: Type 2 diabetes; complications; echocardiography; heart failure