title: An in situ Evaluation of Bioactives on the Morphology of Bleached Enamel.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to use surface rugosity analysis (Ra) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) comparing effects of nano-hydroxyapatite (NANO), casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP), and NovaMin (NOVA) on enamel's human morphology bleached with 37.5% hydrogen peroxide.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty specimens (3 × 3 × 3 mm) were obtained from fully included third molars and four specimens were attached in the first molars of the volunteers. The POLA-positive control has only been bleached. Three experimental groups were bleached and treated with respective bioactive: NANO, CPP-ACP, and NovaMin. The Ra analyses were performed before and after the treatment using a rugosimeter. The obtained photomicrographs were analyzed using SEM (n = 3) by three examiners, and the study was double blind.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The Ra results were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance and Tukey's post hoc test (p < 0.05). All experimental groups showed significant differences of the others; however, the experimental groups were not significantly different from each other.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The enamel morphology of the bioactive-treated groups had more regular surfaces, than the others.
authors.affiliation: Department of Restorative Dentistry, Federal University of Pará, Para, Brazil.
authors.forename: Thiago
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: da Rosa Nogueira
authors.affiliation: Department of Restorative Dentistry, Federal University of Pará, Para, Brazil.
authors.forename: Larissa Dias
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Alexandrino
authors.affiliation: Department of Restorative Dentistry, Federal University of Pará, Para, Brazil.
authors.forename: Yasmin do Socorro Batista
authors.initials: Ydo S
authors.lastname: de Lima Gomes
authors.affiliation: Department of Restorative Dentistry, Federal University of Pará, Para, Brazil.
authors.forename: Cristiane
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: de Melo Alencar
authors.affiliation: Department of Restorative Dentistry, Federal University of Pará, Para, Brazil.
authors.forename: Eliane Bemerguy
authors.initials: EB
authors.lastname: Alves
authors.affiliation: Professor, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Federal University of Pará, Augusto Correa Street no. 1, Guamá, Belém, Pa, CEP: 66075110, Brazil, Phone: +559132521269, e-mail: cecymsilva@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Cecy Martins
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Silva
mesh_terms: D002364:Caseins / Q000494:pharmacology; D003743:Dental Enamel / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000187:drug effects*; D005898:Glass; D006801:Humans; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D013499:Surface Properties; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D002364:Caseins; C510984:NovaMin; C447032:casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate nanocomplex
keywords: Bioactive agents; NANO-P; Rugosity analysis; Scanning electron microscopy.