title: The consequences of sublethal exposure to insecticide on the survivorship and mobility of Halyomorpha halys (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The direct lethal effects of conventional and organic insecticides have been investigated thoroughly for all life stages of Halyomorpha halys. However, the sublethal effects of insecticides on the behavior of H. halys have not been well documented. Our aims were to evaluate the impact of a brief 5 min exposure to residues of bifenthrin, dinotefuran, methomyl, thiamethoxam and thiamethoxam + λ-cyhalothrin on survivorship, horizontal and vertical movement, and flight capacity of adult H. halys under laboratory conditions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Over half of the insecticide-exposed adults were classified as affected, moribund or dead after the 5 min exposure, compared with only 6% of the adults in the water-only control. We found that the horizontal movement, vertical climbing and flight capacity of adults exposed to insecticides were decreased by 20-60% overall relative to the water-only control. The most lethal insecticide was bifenthrin.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Many insecticide-exposed H. halys adults retained significant mobility and flight capacity, with flight most pronounced immediately after exposure. These results suggest that brief exposure periods to efficacious insecticides will result in high dispersal and low mortality. Therefore, management strategies that enhance the retention of H. halys on insecticide-coated surfaces should be considered to ensure that adults are exposed to a lethal dose of insecticide. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.
authors.affiliation: USDA-ARS Appalachian Fruit Research Station, Kearneysville, WV, USA.
authors.forename: William R
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: Morrison
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Shepherd University, Shepherdstown, WV, USA.
authors.forename: Brittany
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Poling
authors.affiliation: USDA-ARS Appalachian Fruit Research Station, Kearneysville, WV, USA.
authors.forename: Tracy C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Leskey
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects; D005426:Flight, Animal / Q000187:drug effects; D020062:Heteroptera / Q000502:physiology*; D007300:Insect Control / Q000379:methods; D007306:Insecticides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008124:Locomotion / Q000187:drug effects; D010573:Pesticide Residues / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D007306:Insecticides; D010573:Pesticide Residues
keywords: attract-and-kill; behavior; brown marmorated stink bug; integrated pest management; toxicology