title: Degree of Conversion and BisGMA, TEGDMA, UDMA Elution from Flowable Bulk Fill Composites.
abstract: The degree of conversion (DC) and the released bisphenol A diglycidyl ether dimethacrylate (BisGMA), triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) and urethane dimethacrylate (UDMA) monomers of bulk-fill composites compared to that of conventional flowable ones were assessed using micro-Raman spectroscopy and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Four millimeter-thick samples were prepared from SureFil SDR Flow (SDR), X-tra Base (XB), Filtek Bulk Fill (FBF) and two and four millimeter samples from Filtek Ultimate Flow (FUF). They were measured with micro-Raman spectroscopy to determine the DC% of the top and the bottom surfaces. The amount of released monomers in 75% ethanol extraction media was measured with HPLC. The differences between the top and bottom DC% were significant for each material. The mean DC values were in the following order for the bottom surfaces: SDR_4mm_20s > FUF_2mm_20s > XB_4mm_20s > FBF_4mm_20s > XB_4mm_10s > FBF_4mm_10s > FUF_4mm_20s. The highest rate in the amount of released BisGMA and TEGDMA was found from the 4 mm-thick conventional flowable FUF. Among bulk-fills, FBF showed a twenty times higher amount of eluted UDMA and twice more BisGMA; meanwhile, SDR released a significantly higher amount of TEGDMA. SDR bulk-fill showed significantly higher DC%; meanwhile XB, FBF did not reach the same level DC, as that of the 2 mm-thick conventional composite at the bottom surface. Conventional flowable composites showed a higher rate of monomer elution compared to the bulk-fills, except FBF, which showed a high amount of UDMA release.
authors.affiliation: Department of Restorative Dentistry and Periodontology, University of Pécs, 5 Dischka Gy Street, Pécs H-7621, Hungary. lempel.edina@pte.hu.
authors.forename: Edina
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lempel
authors.affiliation: Department of General and Physical Chemistry, University of Pécs, 6 Ifjúság Street, Pécs H-7624, Hungary. czibulya.zsuzsanna@gmail.com.|János Szentágothai Research Center, University of Pécs, 20 Ifjúság Street, Pécs H-7624, Hungary. czibulya.zsuzsanna@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Zsuzsanna
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Czibulya
authors.affiliation: Department of General and Physical Chemistry, University of Pécs, 6 Ifjúság Street, Pécs H-7624, Hungary. balint621@gmail.com.|János Szentágothai Research Center, University of Pécs, 20 Ifjúság Street, Pécs H-7624, Hungary. balint621@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Bálint
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kovács
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Pécs, 5 Dischka Gy Street, Pécs H-7621, Hungary. szalma.jozsef@pte.hu.
authors.forename: József
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Szalma
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Sciences, University of Pécs, 6 Ifjúság Street, Pécs H-7621, Hungary. totha@gamma.ttk.pte.hu.
authors.forename: Ákos
authors.initials: Á
authors.lastname: Tóth
authors.affiliation: Department of General and Physical Chemistry, University of Pécs, 6 Ifjúság Street, Pécs H-7624, Hungary. kunsagi@gamma.ttk.pte.hu.|János Szentágothai Research Center, University of Pécs, 20 Ifjúság Street, Pécs H-7624, Hungary. kunsagi@gamma.ttk.pte.hu.
authors.forename: Sándor
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kunsági-Máté
authors.affiliation: Department of Restorative Dentistry and Periodontology, University of Pécs, 5 Dischka Gy Street, Pécs H-7621, Hungary. varga.zoltan@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Zoltán
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Varga
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, University of Pécs, 12 Szigeti Street, Pécs H-7624, Hungary. katalin.boddi@aok.pte.hu.
authors.forename: Katalin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Böddi
mesh_terms: D000431:Ethanol / Q000737:chemistry*; D008689:Methacrylates / Q000737:chemistry*; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000737:chemistry*; D011109:Polymethacrylic Acids / Q000737:chemistry*; D011140:Polyurethanes / Q000737:chemistry*; D013059:Spectrum Analysis, Raman
chemical_list: D008689:Methacrylates; D011109:Polymethacrylic Acids; D011140:Polyurethanes; C029824:urethane dimethacrylate luting resin; C020946:triethylene glycol dimethacrylate; D000431:Ethanol; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols
keywords: HPLC; bulk-fill composite; degree of conversion; micro-Raman spectroscopy; monomer elution