title: Polyunsaturated fatty acid induces cardioprotection against ischemia-reperfusion through the inhibition of NF-kappaB and induction of Nrf2.
abstract: The mechanistic evidence to support the cardioprotective effects of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) are controversial. The aim was to test cardioprotective mechanisms induced by PUFA supplementation against cardiac ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury. Ten-week-old male Wistar rats (225 ± 14 g, n = 14) were divided in two groups: rats without supplementation ( n = 7) and a PUFA group, supplemented by PUFA (0.6 g/kg/day; DHA:EPA = 3:1) for eight weeks ( n = 7). Hearts were perfused with Krebs-Henseleit buffer for 20 min (control conditions); others were subjected to control conditions, 30 min of global ischemia and 120 min of reperfusion (IR group). Infarct size (IS) and left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP) were measured at 120 min of reperfusion. Oxidative stress biomarkers (TBARS, total carbonyls), antioxidant status (CAT, catalase; SOD, superoxide dismutase; GSH-Px, glutathione peroxidase activity and GSH/GSSG ratio), myeloperoxidase activity, ATP levels and nuclear transcription factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and nuclear factor kappaB (NF-κB) were determined in both experimental conditions. At the end of reperfusion, hearts supplemented with PUFA showed lower IS and a higher LVDP compared with the nonsupplemented rats. Hearts in the group supplemented with PUFA showed lower levels of oxidative stress markers and higher antioxidant activity, decreased MPO activity and NF-κB and Nrf2 activation compared with the nonsupplemented group. Cardioprotective effects of PUFA are exerted through induction of anti-inflammatory and antioxidant mechanism at tissue level.
authors.affiliation: 1 Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile.
authors.forename: Jorge G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Farías
authors.affiliation: 2 Departamento de Nutrición, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile.
authors.forename: Catalina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Carrasco-Pozo
authors.affiliation: 3 Laboratorio de Investigación Biomédica, Facultad de Medicina Oriente, Hospital del Salvador, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 7500922, Chile.
authors.forename: Rodrigo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Carrasco Loza
authors.affiliation: 4 Laboratorio de Producción Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Forestales, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile.
authors.forename: Néstor
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sepúlveda
authors.affiliation: 5 Servicio Anestesiología, Hospital San Juan de Dios, Santiago 8380453, Chile.
authors.forename: Pedro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Álvarez
authors.affiliation: 6 Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Finis Terrae, Santiago 7501015, Chile.|7 Programa de Fisiopatología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile.
authors.forename: Mauricio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Quezada
authors.affiliation: 4 Laboratorio de Producción Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Forestales, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile.
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Quiñones
authors.affiliation: 8 Hospital de Niños, Roberto del Río, Santiago 8380418, Chile.
authors.forename: Víctor
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Molina
authors.affiliation: 7 Programa de Fisiopatología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile.
authors.forename: Rodrigo L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Castillo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002316:Cardiotonic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D007266:Inhibition, Psychological; D008297:Male; D009206:Myocardium / Q000473:pathology; D051267:NF-E2-Related Factor 2 / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000517:prevention & control*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left
chemical_list: D002316:Cardiotonic Agents; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated; D051267:NF-E2-Related Factor 2; D016328:NF-kappa B; C495637:Nfe2l2 protein, rat
keywords: NF-κB and Nrf2; Polyunsaturated fatty acids; infarct size; oxidative stress; ventricular function