title: Length matters: Improved high field EEG-fMRI recordings using shorter EEG cables.
abstract: The use of concurrent EEG-fMRI recordings has increased in recent years, allowing new avenues of medical and cognitive neuroscience research; however, currently used setups present problems with data quality and reproducibility.
  
  
  
  We propose a compact experimental setup for concurrent EEG-fMRI at 4T and compare it to a more standard reference setup. The compact setup uses short EEG cables connecting to the amplifiers, which are placed right at the back of the head RF coil on a form-fitting extension force-locked to the patient MR bed. We compare the two setups in terms of sensitivity to MR-room environmental noise, interferences between measuring devices (EEG or fMRI), and sensitivity to functional responses in a visual stimulation paradigm.
  
  
  
  The compact setup reduces the system sensitivity to both external noise and MR-induced artefacts by at least 60%, with negligible EEG noise induced from the mechanical vibrations of the cryogenic cooling compression pump.
  
  
  
  The compact setup improved EEG data quality and the overall performance of MR-artifact correction techniques. Both setups were similar in terms of the fMRI data, with higher reproducibility for cable placement within the scanner in the compact setup.
  
  
  
  This improved compact setup may be relevant to MR laboratories interested in reducing the sensitivity of their EEG-fMRI experimental setup to external noise sources, setting up an EEG-fMRI workplace for the first time, or for creating a more reproducible configuration of equipment and cables. Implications for safety and ergonomics are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Center for Mind/Brain Sciences, University of Trento, Rovereto, Italy.
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Assecondi
authors.affiliation: Center for Mind/Brain Sciences, University of Trento, Rovereto, Italy.
authors.forename: Christina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lavallee
authors.affiliation: Center for Mind/Brain Sciences, University of Trento, Rovereto, Italy.
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ferrari
authors.affiliation: Center for Mind/Brain Sciences, University of Trento, Rovereto, Italy. Electronic address: jorge.jovicich@unitn.it.
authors.forename: Jorge
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jovicich
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016477:Artifacts; D001921:Brain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000502:physiology; D004569:Electroencephalography / Q000295:instrumentation*; D004867:Equipment Design; D005071:Evoked Potentials; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000295:instrumentation; D008953:Models, Anatomic; D064847:Multimodal Imaging / Q000295:instrumentation*; D009622:Noise; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D010775:Photic Stimulation; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013696:Temperature; D014732:Vibration; D014796:Visual Perception / Q000502:physiology
keywords: Concurrent EEG–FMRI; Cryogenic pump noise; Data quality; EEG cable length; Multimodal neuroimaging