title: Secondary traumatic stress in the emergency department.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the prevalence of secondary traumatic stress among Emergency nurses in the West of Scotland and explore their experiences of this.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Unexpected death, trauma and violence are regular occurrences that contribute to the stressful environment nurses working in the Emergency department experience. A potential consequence of repeated exposure to such stressors can be referred to as secondary traumatic stress.
  
  
  METHODS
  Triangulation of methods of data collection, using two distinct phases: Phase 1 - quantitative Phase 2 - qualitative METHODS: Quantitative data were collated via postal questionnaire, from a convenience sample of Emergency nurses. Qualitative data were subsequently collated from a focus group constituting of a random sample of these Emergency nurses. Descriptive statistics were computed and thematic analysis conducted. All data were collated during February 2013.
  
  
  RESULTS
  75% of the sampled Emergency nurses reported at least one secondary traumatic stress symptom in the last week. Participants said that acute occupational stressors such as resuscitation and death were the influencing factors towards this. Strategies such as formal debriefing and social support were cited as beneficial tools for the management of secondary traumatic stress; however, barriers such as time and experience were found to inhibit their common use.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Secondary traumatic stress is a prevalent phenomenon among Emergency nurses in the West of Scotland and if not managed appropriately, could represent a significant barrier to the mental health of this group and their capacity to provide quality care.
authors.affiliation: University of the West of Scotland, Paisley, UK. lindy.morrison@uws.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Lindy E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Morrison
authors.affiliation: University of Glasgow, UK.
authors.forename: Jane P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Joy
mesh_terms: D000068376:Compassion Fatigue; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital; D006801:Humans; D010564:Personnel, Hospital / Q000523:psychology*; D012606:Scotland; D012944:Social Support; D013315:Stress, Psychological; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: emergency department; emergency nurse; nursing; secondary traumatic stress; stress; trauma