title: Implant-Supported Immediately Loaded Fixed Full-Arch Dentures: Evaluation of Implant Survival Rates in a Case Cohort of up to 7 Years.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The treatment of severely atrophied and edentulous jaws by means of fixed implant supported solutions is a challenging procedure.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The immediate loading of four to six axial and tilted implants offers the possibility to overcome elaborate hard tissue augmentation procedures but lacks implant and patient related data on implant survival rates.
  
  
  METHODS
  This retrospective 7-years clinical trial investigated the implant survival rates of 2,081 implants (380 patients, 482 jaws) using an immediate loading protocol with either 4, 5, or 6 implants per restoration. Survival rates were calculated concerning implantation related factors (jaws/number of supporting implants/angulations/diameters/lengths) and patient related factors (medical status/smoking).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall survival of 2,081 implants was 97.0% on implant level. Survival rates of implantation related factors did not yield significant differences. Significant differences were yield between healthy patients and patients with osteoporosis (p = .002) and the medical status group "other" (p = .032), respectively. Smokers yielded a significantly higher survival than nonsmokers (p = .002).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It is assumed that four implants per jaw serve as a sufficient implant number for full arch restorations in both, the mandible and the maxilla. Osteoporosis under the medication with bisphosphonates seems to be a risk factor for implant survival. The authors suggest that the effect of smoking on ISRs remains controversial within this treatment concept.
authors.affiliation: Dentist, Implaneo Dental Clinic, Private Institute of Periodontology and Implantology, Munich, Germany.|Department of Restorative Dentistry, Charité-Medical University Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Niedermaier
authors.affiliation: Dentist, Implaneo Dental Clinic, Private Institute of Periodontology and Implantology, Munich, Germany.|Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeon, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Medical Faculty, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany.
authors.forename: Florian
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Stelzle
authors.affiliation: Dentist, Implaneo Dental Clinic, Private Institute of Periodontology and Implantology, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Max
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Riemann
authors.affiliation: Dentist, Implaneo Dental Clinic, Private Institute of Periodontology and Implantology, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Bolz
authors.affiliation: Dentist, Implaneo Dental Clinic, Private Institute of Periodontology and Implantology, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Schuh
authors.affiliation: Dentist, Implaneo Dental Clinic, Private Institute of Periodontology and Implantology, Munich, Germany.|Department of Restorative Dentistry, Charité-Medical University Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Hannes
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wachtel
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015331:Cohort Studies; D019094:Dental Prosthesis, Implant-Supported / Q000379:methods*; D019232:Dental Restoration Failure; D003824:Denture, Complete; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D057893:Immediate Dental Implant Loading / Q000379:methods*; D007575:Jaw, Edentulous / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies
keywords: all on five; all on four; all on six; immediate loading; immediate restoration; implantology; tilted implants