title: Pneumonia caused by Bordetella bronchiseptica in two HIV-positive patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Bordetella bronchiseptica (BB) is a Gram-negative coccobacillus responsible for respiratory diseases in dogs, cats and rabbits. Reports on its development in humans are rare. However, in immunosuppressed patients, especially in those with the immunodeficiency virus (HIV), BB can cause severe pulmonary infections. We report on two cases of pneumonia caused by BB in HIV-positive male patients in a university hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  The first case comprised a 43-year-old patient who was admitted presenting chronic leg pain and coughing, with suspected pneumonia. BB was isolated from sputum culture and was successfully treated with trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole in association with levofloxacin. The second case comprised a 49-year-old patient who was admitted presenting fever, nausea, sweating and a dry cough, also with suspected pneumonia. BB was isolated from sputum culture, tracheal secretions and bronchoalveolar lavage. The disease was treated with ciprofloxacin but the patient died.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  BB should be included in the etiology of pneumonia in immunodeficient HIV patients. As far as we know, these two were the first cases of pneumonia due to BB to occur in this university hospital.
authors.affiliation: MSc. Doctoral Student, Postgraduate Pharmaceutical Sciences Program, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Roberta Filipini
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Rampelotto
authors.affiliation: Undergraduate Student, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hörner
authors.affiliation: Undergraduate Student, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil.
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hörner
authors.affiliation: MSc. Pharmacist, Bacteriology Laboratory, Hospital Universitário de Santa Maria (HUSM), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Roselene
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Righi
authors.affiliation: PhD. Associate Professor, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rosmari
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hörner
mesh_terms: D017088:AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections / Q000382:microbiology*; D000328:Adult; D001885:Bordetella Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D016950:Bordetella bronchiseptica / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D006801:Humans; D016867:Immunocompromised Host; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018410:Pneumonia, Bacterial / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000382:microbiology*; D013183:Sputum / Q000382:microbiology