title: Testicular torsion-detorsion and potential therapeutic treatments: A possible role for ischemic postconditioning.
abstract: Testicular torsion is a common urological emergency among adolescent boys and young men. Rotation of the testis and twisting of the spermatic cord rapidly leads to ischemia, resulting in a loss of germ cells. Thus, prompt diagnosis and urgent surgical intervention are required, but the subsequent release of the torsion induces reperfusion injury, which causes further damage to the ischemic testis. Testicular torsion-detorsion (ischemia-reperfusion) injury triggers the generation of reactive oxygen species, pro-inflammatory cytokines, neutrophil recruitment, lipid peroxidation, anoxia and apoptosis, which carry a significant risk of subsequent infertility. Previously, the effects of numerous pharmacological agents and treatments have been evaluated to prevent testicular ischemia-reperfusion injury in animal models. We propose a new treatment, especially postconditioning, to prevent adverse effects of ischemia-reperfusion injury after testicular torsion-detorsion.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku, Kochi, Japan.
authors.forename: Shogo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shimizu
authors.affiliation: Division of Urology, Tottori University School of Medicine, Yonago, Tottori, Japan.
authors.forename: Panagiota
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Tsounapi
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Ioannina University, Ioannina, Greece.
authors.forename: Fotios
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Dimitriadis
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku, Kochi, Japan.
authors.forename: Youichirou
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Higashi
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku, Kochi, Japan.
authors.forename: Takahiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shimizu
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku, Kochi, Japan.
authors.forename: Motoaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Saito
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D006801:Humans; D057775:Ischemic Postconditioning; D008297:Male; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D015427:Reperfusion Injury; D013085:Spermatic Cord; D013086:Spermatic Cord Torsion / Q000628:therapy*; D013737:Testis
keywords: ischemia reperfusion; oxidative stress; postconditioning; testis; torsion-detorsion