title: First genetic characterisation of Giardia in human isolates from Jordan.
abstract: Little is known about the epidemiology of Giardia in Jordan and to date, no genotyping studies have been conducted on Giardia isolates from Jordanians. In the present study, a total of 49 microscopy-positive faecal samples from Jordanian patients suffering from giardiasis were analysed at two loci: the triose phosphate isomerase (tpi) gene and the glutamate dehydrogenase (gdh) gene. At the tpi locus, a total of 28 samples amplified and assemblage A was identified in 46.4 % (13/28) samples, while assemblage B was identified in 50 % (14/28) samples and a mixed assemblage A and B was identified in one sample (3.6 %) (Table 1). At the gdh locus 48 isolates amplified and of these assemblages A was identified in 43.7 % (21/48) of isolates and assemblage B in 56.3 % (27/48) of isolates. No mixed infections were detected at the gdh locus. Subtyping at the gdh locus identified sub-assemblage AII in 43.7 % (21/48) of isolates and sub-assemblages BIII and BIV in 25 % (12/48) and 31.2 % (15/48) of isolates, respectively, with more genetic diversity in AII isolates than BIII or BIV isolates. Novel sub-types within each sub-assemblage were identified suggesting unique endemicity and anthroponotic transmission of Giardia in Jordanian patients suffering from giardiasis. Further studies are required to better understand the epidemiology and transmission of Giardia in Jordan.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, The Hashemite University, PO Box 150459, Zarqa, 13115, Jordan.
authors.forename: Nawal
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hijjawi
authors.affiliation: School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, 6150, Australia.
authors.forename: Rongchang
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Basic Veterinary Medical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan.
authors.forename: Rami
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mukbel
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, The Hashemite University, PO Box 150459, Zarqa, 13115, Jordan.
authors.forename: Yasmeen
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yassin
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, The Hashemite University, PO Box 150459, Zarqa, 13115, Jordan.
authors.forename: Taghrid
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mharib
authors.affiliation: School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, 6150, Australia. Una.Ryan@murdoch.edu.au.
authors.forename: Una
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Ryan
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005243:Feces; D005260:Female; D014644:Genetic Variation; D005838:Genotype; D005872:Giardia / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D005873:Giardiasis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000469:parasitology*; D005969:Glutamate Dehydrogenase / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007597:Jordan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015800:Protozoan Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D014305:Triose-Phosphate Isomerase / Q000235:genetics; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015800:Protozoan Proteins; D005969:Glutamate Dehydrogenase; D014305:Triose-Phosphate Isomerase
keywords: Giardia; Glutamate dehydrogenase; Humans; Jordan; Triose phosphate isomerase