title: Anti-JC virus seroprevalence in a Spanish multiple sclerosis cohort: JC virus seroprevalence in Spain.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To estimate the seroprevalence of anti-JCV antibodies, seroconverting rates and evolution of antibody levels in a multiple sclerosis (MS) Spanish cohort.
  
  
  METHODS
  Multicenter, retrospective cross-sectional and longitudinal study. The JCV seroprevalence was analyzed in 711 MS patients by using 1st (STRATIFY-1) and 2nd generation (STRATIFY-2) two-step ELISA over 2.65 (±0.97) years. Seroconversion rate was obtained over 2 samples from 314 patients, and index stability from 301 patients with 3 or more samples available. The effect of each ELISA generation, demographics, clinical characteristics and therapy on seroprevalence was assessed by logistic regression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The overall anti-JCV seroprevalence was 55.3% (51.6-58.9), similar across regions (p=0.073). It increased with age (p<0.000) and when STRATIFY-2 was used (60.5%, p=0.001). Neither sex nor immunosuppressive therapy had any influence. Yearly seroconversion rate was 7% (considering only STRATIFY-2). Serological changes were observed in 24/301 patients, 5.7% initially seropositive reverted to seronegative and 7% initially seronegative changed to seropositive and again to seronegative, all these cases had initial index values around the assay's cut-off.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  JCV seroprevalence in Spanish MS patients was similar to that reported in other European populations. Changes in serostatus are not infrequent and should be considered in clinical decisions.
authors.affiliation: Multiple Sclerosis Unit, Department of Neurology, Getafe University Hospital, European University of Madrid, Spain. Electronic address: yolanda.aladro@salud.madrid.org.
authors.forename: Yolanda
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Aladro
authors.affiliation: Multiple Sclerosis Unit, Department of Neurology, Getafe University Hospital, European University of Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Rodrigo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Terrero
authors.affiliation: Multiple Sclerosis Unit, Department of Neurology, Getafe University Hospital, European University of Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cerezo
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Universitary Hospital "Fundación Jiménez Díaz", Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Ricardo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ginestal
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Universitary Hospital "Príncipe de Asturias", Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Lucía
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ayuso
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Universitary Hospital "La Princesa", Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Virginia
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Meca-Lallana
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, General Hospital "La Mancha Centro", Alcázar de San Juan, Ciudad Real, Spain.
authors.forename: Jorge
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Millán
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Universitary Hospital "Fundación de Alcorcón", Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Borrego
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University Hospital "Gregorio Marañón", Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Marisa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Martinez-Ginés
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Universitary Hospital "Príncipe de Asturias", Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Luisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rubio
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University Hospital "Gregorio Marañón", Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Clara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: de Andrés
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University Hospital "Infanta Sofía", San Sebastián de los Reyes, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Ambrosio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Miralles
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Hospital "Santa Bárbara", Puertollano, Ciudad Real, Spain.
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Guijarro
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Universitary Hospital "Severo Ochoa", Leganés, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Rodríguez-García
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Hospital Central de la Defensa "Gómez Ulla", Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: José Manuel
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: García-Dominguez
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Hospital Complex Torrecárdenas, Almería, Spain.
authors.forename: Carmen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Muñoz-Fernández
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Torrejon Universitary Hospital, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: López de Silanes
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Universitary Hospital "Infanta Leonor", Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Mayra
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gómez
authors.affiliation: Department of Statistic, European University of Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Israel
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Thuissard
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, MS Unit, Universitary Clinic Hospital "Virgen de la Arrixaca" (IMIB-Arrixaca), Murcia, Spain; Cátedra de Neuroinmunología Clínica y Esclerosis Múltiple, UCAM, Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia, Spain.
authors.forename: María
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cerdán
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Universitary Hospital "La Princesa", Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Itziar
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Palmí
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Hospital "Santa Bárbara", Puertollano, Ciudad Real, Spain.
authors.forename: Luis Felipe
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Díaz-Garzón
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, MS Unit, Universitary Clinic Hospital "Virgen de la Arrixaca" (IMIB-Arrixaca), Murcia, Spain; Cátedra de Neuroinmunología Clínica y Esclerosis Múltiple, UCAM, Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia, Spain.
authors.forename: Jose
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Meca-Lallana
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007577:JC Virus / Q000276:immunology*; D016015:Logistic Models; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000276:immunology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D000069078:Seroconversion; D016036:Seroepidemiologic Studies; D013030:Spain / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral
keywords: Anti-JCV antibodies; Multiple sclerosis; Seroprevalence; Spain