title: Absence of high-risk HPV 16 and 18 in Chinese patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma and oral potentially malignant disorders.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The critical role of human papillomavirus (HPV) in cancer has been recognized, but the involvement of HPV in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD) is still controversial. The aim of this study was to identify and verify the prevalence of high-risk HPV infection (HPV16 and 18) in Chinese patients with OSCC or OPMD using real-time PCR and DNA sequencing.
  
  
  METHODS
  Paired tissue and serum DNA samples were extracted from 40 Chinese patients with OSCC and 59 with OPMD. A SYBR Green-based real-time PCR assay was developed to detect the E6 gene of HPV16 and HPV18. Suspicious positive samples were then sequenced to eliminate false positives.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found that none of the tissue and serum samples of OSCCs and OPMDs were positive for HPV16 E6 or 18 E6, using both real-time PCR and DNA sequencing. Overall, 3 of 198 (1.52 %) and 7 of 198 (3.54 %) samples were false-positive for HPV16 E6 and HPV18 E6, respectively, using real-time PCR.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The lack of HPV16 and HPV18 detected in this study indicates that high-risk HPV 16 and 18 infections are uncommon in Chinese patients with OSCC and OPMD. Real-time PCR followed by DNA sequencing for HPV DNA detection is an effective strategy to rule out false positives.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Mucosal Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, New Out-patient Building, 500 Quxi Road, Shanghai, 200011, China.
authors.forename: Xiao-Jie
authors.initials: XJ
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Mucosal Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, New Out-patient Building, 500 Quxi Road, Shanghai, 200011, China.
authors.forename: Kai
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Mucosal Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, New Out-patient Building, 500 Quxi Road, Shanghai, 200011, China. wwjiang33@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Wei-Wen
authors.initials: WW
authors.lastname: Jiang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D044466:Asian People; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000821:virology*; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D052162:Human papillomavirus 16 / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D052161:Human papillomavirus 18 / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009062:Mouth Neoplasms / Q000821:virology*; D009856:Oncogene Proteins, Viral / Q000235:genetics; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology*; D015995:Prevalence; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012097:Repressor Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; C068651:E6 protein, Human papillomavirus type 16; C052603:E6 protein, Human papillomavirus type 18; D009856:Oncogene Proteins, Viral; D012097:Repressor Proteins
keywords: HPV16; HPV18; Oral potentially malignant disorders; Oral squamous cell carcinoma