title: [Gastroparesis - causes, diagnosis and treatment].
abstract: BACKGROUND Gastroparesis is a motility disorder of the stomach. The symptoms are non-specific: nausea and vomiting are most common. Stomach pains, early satiety, postprandial fullness and bloating are also frequent symptoms. Current diagnostic criteria require delayed gastric emptying in the absence of any detectable mechanical obstruction. In this review article we elucidate the causes, assessment and treatment options.MATERIAL AND METHOD Structured article search in Embase and PubMed.RESULTS A number of conditions can lead to gastroparesis. The most frequent somatic cause is diabetes mellitus. Gastroparesis may also be iatrogenically inflicted by means of surgery or drugs. It may be difficult to discriminate between functional dyspepsia and idiopathic gastroparesis. Examination is based on patient history, gastroscopy and measurement of the rate of gastric emptying. Biochemical tests are also relevant for differential diagnosis. The treatment is primarily symptomatic, and consists of dietary measures, fluid therapy, drugs, gastric electrical stimulation, or endoscopic or surgical intervention in the form of insertion of a feeding tube for nutrition and abdominal relief, pyloroplasty or gastrectomy.INTERPRETATION Gastroparesis is a serious motility disorder. The condition may have significant consequences for patients, entailing reduced quality of life, reduced workforce participation and a considerable need for health assistance.
authors.affiliation: Gastroenterologisk seksjon Medisinsk avdeling Haukeland universitetssykehus.
authors.forename: Dag A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Sangnes
authors.affiliation: Endokrinologisk seksjon Medisinsk avdeling Haukeland universitetssykehus.
authors.forename: Eirik
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Søfteland
authors.affiliation: Senter for nukleærmedisin og PET Radiologisk avdeling Haukeland universitetssykehus og Klinisk institutt 1 Universitetet i Bergen.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Biermann
authors.affiliation: Nasjonalt senter for gastroenterologisk ultrasonografi Haukeland universitetssykehus og Klinisk institutt 1 Universitetet i Bergen.
authors.forename: Odd Helge
authors.initials: OH
authors.lastname: Gilja
authors.affiliation: Endokrinologisk seksjon Medisinsk avdeling Haukeland universitetssykehus.
authors.forename: Hrafnkell
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Thordarson
authors.affiliation: Gastroenterologisk seksjon Medisinsk avdeling Haukeland universitetssykehus og Klinisk institutt 1 Universitetet i Bergen.
authors.forename: Georg
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Dimcevski
mesh_terms: D048909:Diabetes Complications; D018589:Gastroparesis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D007049:Iatrogenic Disease