title: The lipidome, genotoxicity, hematotoxicity and antioxidant properties of andiroba oil from the Brazilian Amazon.
abstract: Andirobeira is an Amazonian tree, the seeds of which produce a commercially valuable oil that is used in folk medicine and in the cosmetic industry. Andiroba oil contains components with anti-inflammatory, cicatrizing and insect-repellant actions. However, virtually nothing is known of the safety of this oil for humans. The aim of this work was therefore to investigate the hematotoxicity, genotoxicity and mutagenicity of andiroba oil using the comet and micronucleus assays, and to assess its antioxidant properties and lipidome as a means of addressing safety issues. For the experiments, andiroba oil was administered by gavage for 14 consecutive days in nulliparous female Swiss mice randomly distributed in four groups: negative control and three doses of oil (500, 1000 and 2000 mg/kg/day). These doses were chosen based on recommendations of the OECD guideline no. 474 (1997). GC/MS was used to investigate the free fatty acid, cholesterol and triterpene content of andiroba oil in a lipidomic analysis. No clinical or behavioral alterations were observed throughout the period of treatment, and exposure to andiroba oil at the doses and conditions used here did not result in hematotoxic, genotoxic or mutagenic effects. Tests in vitro showed that oil sample 3 from southwestern of Brazilian Amazon had a high antioxidant capacity that may protect biological systems from oxidative stress, although this activity remains to be demonstrated in vivo.
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Citogenética, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA), Belém, PA, Brazil.
authors.forename: Susana Suely Rodrigues
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Milhomem-Paixão
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Nanobiotecnologia, Departamento de Genética e Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília (UnB), Brasília, DF, Brazil.
authors.forename: Maria Luiza
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Fascineli
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Genética Toxicológica, Departamento de Genética e Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília (UnB), Brasília, DF, Brazil.
authors.forename: Mariana Matos
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Roll
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Nanobiotecnologia, Departamento de Genética e Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília (UnB), Brasília, DF, Brazil.
authors.forename: João Paulo Figueiró
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Longo
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Nanobiotecnologia, Departamento de Genética e Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília (UnB), Brasília, DF, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ricardo Bentes
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Azevedo
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Citogenética, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA), Belém, PA, Brazil.
authors.forename: Julio Cesar
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Pieczarka
authors.affiliation: Laboratórios de Investigação Sistemática em Biotecnologia e Biodiversidade Molecular (LabISisBio), Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Naturais, Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA), Belém, PA, Brazil.
authors.forename: Hugo Leonardo Crisóstomo
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Salgado
authors.affiliation: Laboratórios de Investigação Sistemática em Biotecnologia e Biodiversidade Molecular (LabISisBio), Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Naturais, Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA), Belém, PA, Brazil.
authors.forename: Alberdan Silva
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Genética Toxicológica, Departamento de Genética e Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília (UnB), Brasília, DF, Brazil.
authors.forename: Cesar Koppe
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Grisolia