title: Bovine and soybean milk bioactive compounds: Effects on inflammatory response of human intestinal Caco-2 cells.
abstract: In this study the effects of commercial bovine and soybean milks and their bioactive compounds, namely genistein, daidzein and equol, on the inflammatory responses induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment of human intestinal Caco-2 cells were examined, in terms of nitric oxide (NO) release and inducible nitric oxide synthetase (iNOS) expression. Both milks and their bioactive compounds significantly inhibited, dose-dependently, the expression of iNOS mRNA and protein, resulting in a decreased NO production. The NF-κB activation in LPS-stimulated intestinal cells was also examined. In all cases we observed that cell pre-treatment before LPS activation inhibited the IkB phosphorylation. Accordingly, quantification of bioactive compounds by solid phase microextraction coupled with liquid chromatography has shown that they were absorbed, metabolized and released by Caco-2 cells in culture media. In conclusion, we demonstrated that milks and compounds tested are able to reduce LPS-induced inflammatory responses from intestinal cells, interfering with NF-kB dependent molecular mechanisms.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceuticals, University of Bari, via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy. Electronic address: rosa.calvello@uniba.it.
authors.forename: Rosa
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Calvello
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Bari, via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy. Electronic address: antonellamaria.aresta@uniba.it.
authors.forename: Antonella
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Aresta
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari, via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy. Electronic address: adriana.trapani@uniba.it.
authors.forename: Adriana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Trapani
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Bari, via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy. Electronic address: carlo.zambonin@uniba.it.
authors.forename: Carlo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zambonin
authors.affiliation: Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceuticals, University of Bari, via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy. Electronic address: antonia.cianciulli@uniba.it.
authors.forename: Antonia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cianciulli
authors.affiliation: Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceuticals, University of Bari, via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy. Electronic address: rosaria.salvatore@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Rosaria
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Salvatore
authors.affiliation: Department of Agro-Environmental and Territorial Sciences, University of Bari, via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy. Electronic address: marialisa.clodoveo@uniba.it.
authors.forename: Maria Lisa
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Clodoveo
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari, via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy. Electronic address: filomena.corbo@uniba.it.
authors.forename: Filomena
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Corbo
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari, via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy. Electronic address: carlo.franchini@uniba.it.
authors.forename: Carlo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Franchini
authors.affiliation: Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceuticals, University of Bari, via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy. Electronic address: mariaantonietta.panaro@uniba.it.
authors.forename: Maria Antonietta
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Panaro
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018938:Caco-2 Cells; D002417:Cattle; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D060754:Equol / Q000494:pharmacology; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000235:genetics; D019833:Genistein / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000378:metabolism*; D007529:Isoflavones / Q000494:pharmacology; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D008892:Milk / Q000378:metabolism*; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D013025:Glycine max / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D007529:Isoflavones; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D016328:NF-kappa B; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D060754:Equol; C004742:daidzein; D019833:Genistein; C496319:NOS2 protein, human; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II
keywords: Bovine and soybean milks; Caco-2 cells; Equol; Isoflavones-aglycones; SPME-HPLC-UV/DAD