title: The biomechanics of blade shaving.
abstract: The shaving challenge represents a technical contradiction, whereby many of the requirements to improve hair removal efficacy can also result in increased damage to the surrounding skin. Poor-quality shaving can cause a significant inflammatory response of the skin, which may consequently lead to skin irritation and soreness. This study aims to explore and quantify the forces that act upon the skin and hair during the shave and suggests that careful management of these forces is essential in optimizing the shaving process. Various razor features are discussed and their impact on the resulting biomechanical forces is considered. Recent data are included comparing a basic low-tier disposable razor with a more technologically advanced premium system razor and show significant differences in both subjective shave attribute scores and resulting blood flux in the skin.
authors.affiliation: Gillette Reading Innovation Centre, Reading, Berkshire, UK.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Cowley
authors.affiliation: Gillette Reading Innovation Centre, Reading, Berkshire, UK.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Vanoosthuyze
mesh_terms: D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D006204:Hair Removal / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation*; D006801:Humans; D012867:Skin
keywords: beard; blade; friction; irritation; male; razor; shaving