title: Evaluation of the in vitro biocompatibility of a new fast-setting ready-to-use root filling and repair material.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the in vitro biocompatibility of iRoot FS (Innovative BioCeramix Inc., Vancouver, BC, Canada) and to compare its performance with those of iRoot BP Plus (Innovative BioCeramix Inc.) and ProRoot mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA; Dentsply Tulsa Dental, Tulsa, OK, USA).
  
  
  METHODS
  MC3T3-E1 cells were cultured for 1, 2 and 3 days in various dilutions of iRoot FS, iRoot BP Plus and MTA extracts after 7 days of setting to assess cell viability using a cell counting kit-8 (Dojindo, Kumamoto, Japan). The cell apoptosis induced by the set material extracts was evaluated through annexin V-propidium iodide flow cytometry. Changes in the cytoskeletal organization and stress fibres were observed through immunofluorescence by labelling the fibrous actin and nuclei of the cells. Cell attachment was observed under a scanning electron microscope after the MC3T3-E1 cells were cultured on the surface of a material disc set for 1 day. The data were analysed using one-way anova.
  
  
  RESULTS
  iRoot FS extracts induced higher cell viability than the control extracts (P < 0.05) at levels comparable to those of iRoot BP Plus and MTA. Compared with the control group, iRoot FS did not promote cell apoptosis. Stretched stress fibres and cytoskeletons were detected in the cells treated with iRoot FS extracts. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that the MC3T3-E1 cells attached to iRoot FS appeared flatter and exhibited better stretch than those attached to the other extracts.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  iRoot FS displayed in vitro biocompatibility with MC3T3-E1 cells by promoting cellular proliferation and attachment without causing cell apoptosis.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lv
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Peng
mesh_terms: D017607:Aluminum Compounds / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000818:Animals; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017610:Calcium Compounds / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000166:cytology; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D051379:Mice; D010087:Oxides / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012389:Root Canal Obturation / Q000379:methods; D017640:Silicates / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D017607:Aluminum Compounds; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D017610:Calcium Compounds; D004338:Drug Combinations; D010087:Oxides; C000624565:ProRoot MTA; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials; D017640:Silicates; C000600177:iRoot BP Plus; C086631:mineral trioxide aggregate
keywords: MC3T3-E1 cells; biocompatibility; iRoot BP Plus; iRoot FS; mineral trioxide aggregate