title: Continuous subcutaneous glucose monitoring is accurate in term and near-term infants at risk of hypoglycaemia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Postnatal hypoglycaemia increases the risk of adverse neurological outcomes in newborn infants, and adequate glucose control requires repetitive and painful blood sampling. This study evaluated a continuous glucose monitoring system (CGMS) that aims to improve glucose control and decrease the frequency of blood samples taken from neonates.
  
  
  METHODS
  CGMS sensors, which measure glucose values every five minutes and require calibration twice a day, were placed on 20 infants at risk of hypoglycaemia. The infants also underwent blood glucose sampling, and the blood glucose values were compared with CGMS values six times during the first 30 minutes after sampling.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We used 97/264 (37%) of the blood glucose values taken for the CGMS calibration. The highest accuracy, a mean of 0.22 (95% confidence interval 0.13-0.30 mmol/L), was found 15-19 minutes after sampling, due to the calibration process. No significant subcutaneous glucose time lag was detectable.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The CGMS system was an accurate and feasible method for glucose control, provided earlier detection of hypoglycaemia in newborn infants and reduced their exposure to procedural pain. The delay in calibration in infants was a new finding and needs to be taken into account when comparing CGMS readings to blood glucose values.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Clinical Research, Sörmland, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.|Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Dirk
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9887-5160
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wackernagel
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatrics, Mälarsjukhuset Hospital, Eskilstuna, Sweden.
authors.forename: Martina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dube
authors.affiliation: Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Mats
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Blennow
authors.affiliation: Centre for Clinical Research, Sörmland, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.|Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
authors.forename: Ylva
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tindberg
mesh_terms: D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D007003:Hypoglycemia / Q000175:diagnosis*; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007232:Infant, Newborn, Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis*; D007234:Infant, Premature; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose
keywords: Blood glucose; Continuous glucose monitoring system; Hypoglycaemia; Neonate; Pain