title: Electrochemical Surface Plasmon Resonance Fiber-Optic Sensor: In Situ Detection of Electroactive Biofilms.
abstract: Spectroelectrochemistry has been found to be an efficient technique for revealing extracellular electron transfer (EET) mechanism of electroactive biofilms (EABs). Herein, we propose a novel electrochemical surface plasmon resonance (EC-SPR) optical fiber sensor for monitoring EABs in situ. The sensor uses a tilted fiber Bragg grating (TFBG) imprinted in a commercial single-mode fiber and coated with nanoscale gold film for high-efficiency SPR excitation. The wavelength shift of the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) over the fiber surface clearly identifies the electrochemical activity of the surface localized (adjacent to the electrode interface) bacterial cells in EABs, which differs from the "bulk" detections of the conventional electrochemical measurements. A close relationship between the variations of redox state of the EABs and the changes of the SPR under potentiostatic conditions has been achieved, pointing to a new way to study the EET mechanism of the EABs. Benefiting from its compact size, high sensitivity, and ease of use, together with remote operation ability, the proposed sensor opens up a multitude of opportunities for monitoring EABs in various hard-to-reach environments.
authors.affiliation: Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment Pollution Integrated Control, Guangdong Institute of Eco-Environmental and Soil Sciences , Guangzhou 510650, China.
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.affiliation: Guangdong Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications, Institute of Photonics Technology, Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632, China.
authors.forename: Tuan
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: Guangdong Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications, Institute of Photonics Technology, Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632, China.
authors.forename: Xuhui
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Qiu
authors.affiliation: Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment Pollution Integrated Control, Guangdong Institute of Eco-Environmental and Soil Sciences , Guangzhou 510650, China.
authors.forename: Jiahuan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: Guangdong Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications, Institute of Photonics Technology, Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632, China.
authors.forename: Yunyun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment Pollution Integrated Control, Guangdong Institute of Eco-Environmental and Soil Sciences , Guangzhou 510650, China.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhuang
authors.affiliation: Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment Pollution Integrated Control, Guangdong Institute of Eco-Environmental and Soil Sciences , Guangzhou 510650, China.
authors.forename: Shungui
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Guangdong Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications, Institute of Photonics Technology, Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632, China.
authors.forename: Zhaohui
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Guangdong Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications, Institute of Photonics Technology, Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632, China.
authors.forename: Bai-Ou
authors.initials: BO
authors.lastname: Guan
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Physics, Hong Kong Polytechnic University , Hong Kong, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xuming
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Electronics, Carleton University , Ottawa K1S5B6, Canada.
authors.forename: Jacques
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Albert
mesh_terms: D018441:Biofilms; D055664:Electrochemical Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D004566:Electrodes; D004583:Electrons; D005336:Fiber Optic Technology / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D045302:Geobacter / Q000378:metabolism; D006046:Gold / Q000737:chemistry; D055100:Optical Fibers; D020592:Shewanella / Q000378:metabolism; D020349:Surface Plasmon Resonance / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D006046:Gold