title: Application of terahertz spectroscopy imaging for discrimination of transgenic rice seeds with chemometrics.
abstract: Discrimination of genetically modified organisms is increasingly demanded by legislation and consumers worldwide. The feasibility of a non-destructive discrimination of transgenic rice seeds from its non-transgenic counterparts was examined by terahertz spectroscopy imaging system combined with chemometrics. Principal component analysis (PCA), least squares support vector machines (LS-SVM), PCA-back propagation neural network (PCA-BPNN), and random forest (RF) models with the first and second derivative and standard normal variate transformation (SNV) pre-treatments were applied to classify rice seeds based on genotype. The results demonstrated that differences between non-transgenic and transgenic rice seeds did exist, and an excellent classification (accuracy was 96.67% in the prediction set) could be achieved using the RF model combined with the first derivative pre-treatment. The results indicated that THz spectroscopy imaging together with chemometrics would be a promising technique to identify transgenic rice seeds with high efficiency and without any sample preparation.
authors.affiliation: School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China; Intelligent Control and Compute Vision Lab, Hefei University, Hefei 230601, China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China.
authors.forename: Changhong
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China.
authors.forename: Xiaohua
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Rice Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031, China. Electronic address: yjianbo@263.net.
authors.forename: Jianbo
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China; School of Medical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China. Electronic address: lzheng@hfut.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zheng
mesh_terms: D012275:Oryza / Q000737:chemistry*; D012639:Seeds / Q000737:chemistry*; D055068:Terahertz Spectroscopy / Q000379:methods*
keywords: Chemometrics; Non-destructive determination; Rice seed; Terahertz spectroscopy imaging; Transgenic