title: The Use of Heparin during Endovascular Peripheral Arterial Interventions: A Synopsis.
abstract: A large variety exists for many aspects of the use of heparin as periprocedural prophylactic antithrombotics (PPAT) during peripheral arterial interventions (PAI). This variation is present, not only within countries, but also between them. Due to a lack of (robust) data, no systematic review on the use of heparin during PAI could be justified. A synopsis of all available literature on heparin during PAI describes that heparin is used on technical equipment to reduce the thrombogenicity and in the flushing solution with saline. Heparin could have a cumulative anticoagulant effect when used in combination with ionic contrast medium. No level-1 evidence exists on the use of heparin. A measurement of actual anticoagulation status by means of an activated clotting time should be mandatory.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery, Westfriesgasthuis, Maelsonstraat 3, 1624 NP Hoorn, Netherlands; Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery, University Medical Centre Utrecht, University of Utrecht, Postbus 85500, 3508 GA Utrecht, Netherlands.
authors.forename: Arno M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Wiersema
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Salisbury District Hospital, Odstock Road, Salisbury, Wiltshire SP2 8BJ, UK.
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Watts
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Peninsula Radiology Academy, Plymouth PL6 5WR, UK.
authors.forename: Alexandra C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Durran
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem, Postbus 9555, 6800 TA Arnhem, Netherlands.
authors.forename: Michel M P J
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Reijnen
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Division of Interventional Radiology, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Postbus 22660, 1100 DD Amsterdam, Netherlands.
authors.forename: Otto M
authors.initials: OM
authors.lastname: van Delden
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery, University Medical Centre Utrecht, University of Utrecht, Postbus 85500, 3508 GA Utrecht, Netherlands.
authors.forename: Frans L
authors.initials: FL
authors.lastname: Moll
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Division of Interventional Radiology, St. Antonius Hospital, Postbus 2500, 3430 EM Nieuwegein, Netherlands.
authors.forename: Jan Albert
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Vos