title: Caerulein-induced pancreatitis augments the expression and phosphorylation of collapsin response mediator protein 4.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Chronic pancreatitis is a significant risk factor for pancreatic cancer. Previously, we demonstrated that the pancreatic cancer cells show enhanced expression of collapsin response mediator protein 4 (CRMP4) that strongly correlates with severe venous invasion, liver metastasis, and poor prognosis. However, involvement of CRMP4 in acute or chronic pancreatitis remains unknown.
  
  
  METHODS
  Acute and chronic pancreatitis mice models were developed by periodic injection of caerulein. The expression levels of CRMP4 and its phosphorylation were examined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Elevated CRMP4 levels were observed in the infiltrated lymphocytes as well as in the pancreas parenchyma of both acute and chronic pancreatitis. The expression pattern of phosphorylated CRMP4 was similar to that of CRMP4. Cdk5 partially co-localized with the phosphorylated CRMP4.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pancreatitis induces CRMP4 expression in the pancreas parenchyma and in the infiltrated lymphocytes. Overlapping expression of CRMP4 and Cdk5 may suggest that the Cdk5 is at least, in part, responsible for the phosphorylation of CRMP4. The results suggest that CRMP4 is involved in the inflammatory response in pancreatitis. Understanding the mechanisms of CRMP4 would help us to develop novel therapeutic strategies against acute or chronic pancreatitis, and pancreatic cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan.
authors.forename: Sho
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Neurobiology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa Ward, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 236-0004, Japan.
authors.forename: Fumio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan.
authors.forename: Yukihiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hiroshima
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nagashima
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Pathology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan.
authors.forename: Ikuma
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Neurobiology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa Ward, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 236-0004, Japan.
authors.forename: Naoya
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yamashita
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Neurobiology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa Ward, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 236-0004, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshio
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Goshima
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan.
authors.forename: Itaru
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Endo
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000818:Animals; D001707:Biopsy, Needle; D002471:Cell Transformation, Neoplastic / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D002108:Ceruletide / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002908:Chronic Disease; D051360:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 5 / Q000235:genetics; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D051379:Mice; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology*; D010195:Pancreatitis / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000473:pathology*; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000235:genetics; D011230:Precancerous Conditions / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology*; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: C526904:Dpysl3 protein, mouse; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D002108:Ceruletide; D051360:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 5; C495905:CDK5 protein, human
keywords: CRMP4; Cdk5; Pancreatitis; Phosphorylation