title: Legume NADPH Oxidases Have Crucial Roles at Different Stages of Nodulation.
abstract: Plant NADPH oxidases, formerly known as respiratory burst oxidase homologues (RBOHs), are plasma membrane enzymes dedicated to reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. These oxidases are implicated in a wide variety of processes, ranging from tissue and organ growth and development to signaling pathways in response to abiotic and biotic stimuli. Research on the roles of RBOHs in the plant's response to biotic stresses has mainly focused on plant-pathogen interactions; nonetheless, recent findings have shown that these oxidases are also involved in the legume-rhizobia symbiosis. The legume-rhizobia symbiosis leads to the formation of the root nodule, where rhizobia reduce atmospheric nitrogen to ammonia. A complex signaling and developmental pathway in the legume root hair and root facilitate rhizobial entrance and nodule organogenesis, respectively. Interestingly, several reports demonstrate that RBOH-mediated ROS production displays versatile roles at different stages of nodulation. The evidence collected to date indicates that ROS act as signaling molecules that regulate rhizobial invasion and also function in nodule senescence. This review summarizes discoveries that support the key and versatile roles of various RBOH members in the legume-rhizobia symbiosis.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Center of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 6726 Szeged, Hungary. jesuyuz@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Jesús
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Montiel
authors.affiliation: Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), León, Blvd. UNAM 2011, León 37684, Guanajuato, Mexico. manojarthik@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Manoj-Kumar
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Arthikala
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Biología Molecular de Plantas, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, UNAM, Apartado Postal 510-3, Cuernavaca 62271, Morelos, Mexico. luisc@ibt.unam.mx.
authors.forename: Luis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cárdenas
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Biología Molecular de Plantas, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, UNAM, Apartado Postal 510-3, Cuernavaca 62271, Morelos, Mexico. quinto@ibt.unam.mx.
authors.forename: Carmen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Quinto
mesh_terms: D007887:Fabaceae / Q000201:enzymology / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D019255:NADPH Oxidases / Q000378:metabolism*; D009586:Nitrogen Fixation; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D055170:Plant Root Nodulation; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000201:enzymology / Q000254:growth & development / Q000382:microbiology; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D012231:Rhizobium / Q000502:physiology; D013559:Symbiosis
chemical_list: D010940:Plant Proteins; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D019255:NADPH Oxidases
keywords: RBOH; legumes; reactive oxygen species (ROS); rhizobia; symbiosis