title: Effect of acteoside on the re-localization and abnormal morphology of mitochondria in porcine oocytes during in vitro maturation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of acteoside, an antioxidant, on in vitro maturation (IVM) of oocytes to improve early parthenogenetic embryonic developmental competence.
  
  
  METHODS
  Porcine immature oocytes (total 770) were cultured in IVM medium with acteoside at various concentrations, 0 (control), 10, 30, and 50 μM. Each group was assessed for maturation and subsequent development rates, reactive oxygen species (ROS) level (15 oocytes per group and four independent experiments performed), ultrastructure observation (15 oocytes per group), mitochondrial activity (30 oocytes per groups and three independent experiments performed), and expression patterns of apoptosis-related genes (100 expended parthenogenetic embryos per group and three independent experiment performed). Main outcome measures were the rates of IVM, blastocyst formation, ROS, mitochondria, and expression of apoptosis-related genes in oocytes treated with acteoside.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Addition of acteoside during IVM did not change the maturation efficiency of oocytes but improved the rate of blastocyst formation with significantly decreased ROS level. Moreover, in acteoside-treated oocytes, cytoplasmic maturation was improved with morphologically uniform distribution of mitochondria and lipid droplets in cytoplasm. Acteoside supplementation also increased the mRNA expression levels of antiapoptotic genes and reduced those of pro-apoptotic genes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Acteoside supplementation in IVM medium improves the oocyte quality and subsequent development of pre-implantation embryos that would eventually contribute to produce embryos with high embryonic development competence.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 305-764, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Keun Jung
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 305-764, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Ju Lan
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Chun
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology Education, College of Education, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 500-757, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Kyung-Bon
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 305-764, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Ji Hye
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 305-764, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Kang-Sun
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 305-764, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Kil Woo
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 305-764, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Bo Myeong
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 305-764, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Eun Young
authors.initials: EY
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 301-747, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jin Man
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 305-764, Republic of Korea. kminkyu@cnu.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Min Kyu
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001755:Blastocyst / Q000166:cytology; D046149:Embryo Culture Techniques / Q000662:veterinary; D047108:Embryonic Development / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D005307:Fertilization in Vitro / Q000379:methods*; D005960:Glucosides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D059471:In Vitro Oocyte Maturation Techniques / Q000662:veterinary*; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000502:physiology*; D009865:Oocytes / Q000502:physiology*; D010312:Parthenogenesis / Q000187:drug effects*; D010636:Phenols / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism*; D013552:Swine; D059808:Polyphenols
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D005960:Glucosides; D010636:Phenols; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; C058956:acteoside; D059808:Polyphenols
keywords: Acteoside; Apoptosis-related genes; IVM; Mitochondria; ROS