title: Pharmacokinetic indices for cefovecin after single-dose administration to adult sea otters (Enhydra lutris).
abstract: Seven sea otters received a single subcutaneous dose of cefovecin at 8 mg/kg body weight. Plasma samples were collected at predetermined time points and assayed for total cefovecin concentrations using ultra-performance liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry. The mean (±SD) noncompartmental pharmacokinetic indices were as follows: CMax (obs)70.6 ± 14.6 μg/mL, TMax (obs)2.9 ± 1.5 h, elimination rate constant (kel) 0.017 ± 0.002/h, elimination half-life (t1/2kel)41.6 ± 4.7 h, area under the plasma concentration-vs.-time curve to last sample (AUClast)3438.7 ± 437.7 h·μg/mL and AUC extrapolated to infinity (AUC0→∞) 3447.8 ± 439.0 h·μg/mL. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) for select isolates were determined and used to suggest possible dosing intervals of 10 days, 5 days, and 2.5 days for gram-positive, gram-negative, and Vibrio parahaemolyticus bacterial species, respectively. This study found a single subcutaneous dose of cefovecin sodium in sea otters to be clinically safe and a viable option for long-acting antimicrobial therapy.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
authors.forename: B A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Byrne
authors.affiliation: Monterey Bay Aquarium, Monterey, CA, USA.
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Young
authors.affiliation: Monterey Bay Aquarium, Monterey, CA, USA.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Murray
authors.affiliation: Department of Fish and Wildlife, Office of Spill Prevention and Response, Marine Wildlife Veterinary Care and Research Center California, Santa Cruz, CA, USA.
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.affiliation: Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA. latell@ucdavis.edu.
authors.forename: L A
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1823-7420
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Tell
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019540:Area Under Curve; D002511:Cephalosporins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D010041:Otters / Q000097:blood*; D000066608:Underage Drinking; D014736:Vibrio parahaemolyticus / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D002511:Cephalosporins; C516253:cefovecin