title: Human serum preβ1-high density lipoprotein levels are independently and negatively associated with coronary artery diseases.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Serum preβ1-high density lipoprotein (preβ1-HDL) was defined by two-dimensional non-denaturing linear gel electrophoresis and apolipoprotein A-I immuno-blotting. Serum preβ1-HDL seems to play an important role in reverse cholesterol transport, a well-known anti-atherosclerosis process. However, there are still debatable questions for its quantification and coronary artery disease (CAD) relevance.
  
  
  METHODS
  We isolated the preβ1-HDL using a new native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) system and lipid pre-staining serum. We established a two-demensional gel electrophoresis system.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We measured the preβ1-HDL in Tangier disease patients and subjects with cholesterol ester transfer protein (CETP) mutation. The preβ1-HDL is clearly separated from lipid-free apoA-I monomer and cannot be converted into other HDL particles under lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) inhibition. This preβ1-HDL is a spheroidal particle with the highest apoA-1/cholesterol ratio and highest density (≥1.21 g/ml), as compared with all other HDLs. Importantly, we found that serum from subjects with Tangier disease or with cholesterol ester transfer protein (CETP) mutation have no detectible preβ1-HDL particles. We recruited a total of 102 subjects underwent diagnostic coronary angiography and measured their preβ1-HDL levels. Among them, 56 had no stenosis of coronary artery and 46 were diagnosed as CAD, which was predefined as the presence of a luminal diameter stenosis ≥50 % in at least 1 major coronary artery territory. We found that preβ1-HDL is independently and negatively associated with the severity of the coronary artery stenosis (Gensini score).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We established a novel and simple method for human serum preβ1-HDL quantification. We found that human lower preβ1-HDL is an independent predictor for severer coronary artery stenosis.
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.|Department of Cell Biology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, 450 Clarkson Ave, Box 5, Brooklyn, NY 11203 USA.
authors.forename: Yunqin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Jibin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Xueying
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell Biology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, 450 Clarkson Ave, Box 5, Brooklyn, NY 11203 USA.
authors.forename: Ahmed
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bakillah
authors.affiliation: Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Xiaojin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Zhiqiang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Jia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.affiliation: Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Donghui
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Yunzeng
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zou
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell Biology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, 450 Clarkson Ave, Box 5, Brooklyn, NY 11203 USA.
authors.forename: Mahmood
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hussain
authors.affiliation: Division of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA.
authors.forename: Marina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cuchel
authors.affiliation: Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rader
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Haozhu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Junbo
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ge
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell Biology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, 450 Clarkson Ave, Box 5, Brooklyn, NY 11203 USA.
authors.forename: Xian-Cheng
authors.initials: XC
authors.lastname: Jiang
keywords: Coronary artery diseases; Native PAGE system; preβ1-high density lipoprotein