title: Determination of free and conjugated forms of endocrine-disrupting chemicals in human biological fluids by GC-MS.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Humans are exposed to hazardous substances including endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs). These compounds have been associated with some diseases such as cancer and ascribed adverse effects on life-essential organs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The method, which allows the determination of both free and conjugated forms of EDCs, involves the liquid-liquid extraction from the sample with ethyl acetate, followed by its preconcentration and clean-up by SPE in a continuous system for the subsequent determination by GC-MS. The proposed method affords very low LODs and RSD.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This allowed its successful application to the determination of EDCs in human urine, blood and breast milk. The most frequently founded were methylparaben, ethylparaben, bisphenol A and triclosan.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, E.P.S. of Linares, University of Jaén, E-23700 Linares, Jaén, Spain.
authors.forename: Abdelmonaim
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Azzouz
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, E.P.S. of Linares, University of Jaén, E-23700 Linares, Jaén, Spain.
authors.forename: Andrés J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Rascón
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, E.P.S. of Linares, University of Jaén, E-23700 Linares, Jaén, Spain.
authors.forename: Evaristo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ballesteros
mesh_terms: D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D052244:Endocrine Disruptors / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood* / Q000652:urine*; D005260:Female; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D057230:Limit of Detection; D059625:Liquid-Liquid Extraction; D008297:Male; D008895:Milk, Human / Q000737:chemistry*; D010226:Parabens / Q000032:analysis; D010636:Phenols / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D052616:Solid Phase Extraction; D014260:Triclosan / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds
chemical_list: D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds; D052244:Endocrine Disruptors; D010226:Parabens; D010636:Phenols; D014260:Triclosan; C012313:ethyl-p-hydroxybenzoate; C015358:methylparaben; C006780:bisphenol A; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds
keywords: GC–MS; SPE; derivatization; endocrine-disrupting chemicals; enzymatic hydrolysis; long-term dietary exposure; matrix effect