title: Fluoride: a risk factor for inflammatory bowel disease?
abstract: Although the association between inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and oral hygiene has been noticed before, there has been little research on prolonged fluoride exposure as a possible risk factor. In the presented cases, exposure to fluoride seems indirectly associated with higher incidence of IBD. Fluoride toxicology and epidemiology documents frequent unspecific chronic gastrointestinal symptoms and intestinal inflammation. Efflux genes that confer resistance to environmental fluoride may select for IBD associated gut microbiota and therefore be involved in the pathogenesis. Together these multidisciplinary results argue for further investigation on the hypothesis of fluoride as a risk factor for IBD.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Gene Technology , Akershus University Hospital , Lørenskog , Norway ;
authors.forename: Benoit
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Follin-Arbelet
authors.affiliation: b Department of Gastroenterology , Oslo University Hospital Ullevaal & University of Oslo , Oslo , Norway.
authors.forename: Bjørn
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Moum
mesh_terms: D018118:Chloride Channels / Q000235:genetics; D060766:Drinking Water / Q000737:chemistry*; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D005457:Fluoridation / Q000009:adverse effects; D005459:Fluorides / Q000633:toxicity*; D000069196:Gastrointestinal Microbiome; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D015212:Inflammatory Bowel Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology*; D009910:Oral Hygiene; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D018118:Chloride Channels; D060766:Drinking Water; D005459:Fluorides
keywords: Crohn’s disease; crcB; etiology; fluoride; oral hygiene; ulcerative colitis