title: Update on advances in molecular PET in urological oncology.
abstract: Integrated positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) with 2-[(18)F]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose ((18)F-FDG) has emerged as a powerful tool for the combined metabolic and anatomic evaluation of many cancers. In urological oncology, however, the use of (18)F-FDG has been limited by a generally low tumor uptake, and physiological excretion of FDG through the urinary system. (18)F-FDG PET/CT is useful when applied to specific indications in selected patients with urological malignancy. New radiotracers and positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance imaging (PET/MRI) are expected to further improve the performance of PET in uro-oncology.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, Hyogo College of Medical Center, 1-1 Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, 663-8501, Japan. kitajima@med.kobe-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Kazuhiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kitajima
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1 Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, 663-8501, Japan.
authors.forename: Shingo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, Hyogo College of Medical Center, 1-1 Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, 663-8501, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazuhito
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fukushima
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8655, Japan.
authors.forename: Ryogo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Minamimoto
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, 880 Kita-kobayashi, Mibu, Tochigi, 321-0293, Japan.
authors.forename: Takao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kamai
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 2250 Alcazar Street, CSC 102, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA.
authors.forename: Hossein
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jadvar
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D064847:Multimodal Imaging / Q000379:methods; D000072078:Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography / Q000379:methods*; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D014551:Urinary Tract / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D014571:Urologic Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*
chemical_list: D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18
keywords: Bladder cancer; Kidney cancer; Positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT); Positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance imaging (PET/MRI); Prostate cancer; Testicular cancer; Urological cancer