title: Development and validation of a high-throughput online solid phase extraction - Liquid chromatography - Tandem mass spectrometry method for the detection of tetrodotoxin in human urine.
abstract: Tetrodotoxin (TTX) is an extremely potent paralytic toxin responsible for yearly illness and death around the world. A clinical measurement is necessary to confirm exposure because symptoms of TTX intoxication cannot be distinguished from other paralytic toxins. Our group has developed an online solid phase extraction hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) method for the analysis of TTX in human urine with tandem mass spectrometry. The reportable range for the method was 2.80 - 249 ng/mL in urine with precision and accuracy within 15% as determined for all quality control samples. No isotopically-labeled internal standard is available for TTX; thus a surrogate internal standard, voglibose, was investigated to compensate for matrix effects and ionization suppression. However, upon evaluation, voglibose was ineffective for this purpose. This new online method rapidly identifies TTX, facilitating the work of public health authorities and providing support to monitoring programs worldwide.
authors.affiliation: Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Centers for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway, MS F44, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA.
authors.forename: Rebecca
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Coleman
authors.affiliation: Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Centers for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway, MS F44, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA.
authors.forename: Sharon W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Lemire
authors.affiliation: Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Centers for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway, MS F44, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA.
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Bragg
authors.affiliation: National Biodefense Analysis and Countermeasures Center (NBACC), Fort Detrick, MD 21702, USA.
authors.forename: Alaine
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Garrett
authors.affiliation: ORISE Fellow, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway, MS F44, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA.
authors.forename: Geovannie
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ojeda-Torres
authors.affiliation: Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Centers for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway, MS F44, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA. Electronic address: eph3@cdc.gov.
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hamelin
authors.affiliation: Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Centers for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway, MS F44, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA.
authors.forename: Rudolph C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.affiliation: Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Centers for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway, MS F44, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA.
authors.forename: Jerry
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Thomas
mesh_terms: D002138:Calibration; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D057166:High-Throughput Screening Assays; D006801:Humans; D057230:Limit of Detection; D012015:Reference Standards; D052616:Solid Phase Extraction / Q000379:methods*; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*; D013779:Tetrodotoxin / Q000652:urine*
chemical_list: D013779:Tetrodotoxin
keywords: HILIC; Marine toxins; Online SPE; Paralytic; Tetrodotoxin