title: Adropin as a potential marker of enzyme-positive acute coronary syndrome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Enzyme-positive acute coronary syndrome (EPACS) can cause injury to or death of the heart muscle owing to prolonged ischaemia. Recent research has indicated that in addition to liver and brain cells, cardiomyocytes also produce adropin. We hypothesised that adropin is released into the bloodstream during myocardial injury caused by acute coronary syndrome (ACS), so serum and saliva levels rise as the myocytes die. Therefore, it could be useful to investigate how ACS affects the timing and significance of adropin release in human subjects.
  
  
  METHODS
  Samples were taken over three days after admission, from 22 EPACS patients and 24 age- and gendermatched controls. The three major salivary glands (submandibular, sublingual and parotid) were immunohistochemically screened for adropin production, and serum and saliva adropin levels were measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Salivary gland cells produce and secrete adropin locally.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Serum adropin, troponin I, CK and CK-MB concentrations in the EPACS group became gradually higher than those in the control group up to six hours (p < 0.05), and troponin I continued to rise up to 12 hours after EPACS. The same relative increase in adropin level was observed in the saliva. Troponin I, CK and CK-MB levels started to decrease after 12 hours, while saliva and serum adropin levels started to decrease at six hours after EPACS. In samples taken four hours after EPACS, when the serum adropin value averaged 4.43 ng/ml, the receiver operating characteristic curve showed that the serum adropin concentration indicated EPACS with 91.7% sensitivity and 50% specificity, while when the cut-off adropin value in saliva was 4.12 ng/ml, the saliva adropin concentration indicated EPACS with 91.7% sensitivity and 57% specificity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In addition to cardiac troponin and CK-MB assays, measurement of adropin level in saliva and serum samples is a potential marker for diagnosing EPACS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy - Cardiovascular Surgery, Elazig Education and Research Hospital, Elazig, Turkey. Email: cerrah52@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Suna
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Aydin
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, School of Medicine, Dicle University, Diyarbakir, Turkey.
authors.forename: Mehmet Nesimi
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Eren
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Biochemistry (Firat Hormones Research Group), School of Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey.
authors.forename: Musa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yilmaz
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Medical Biochemistry, Elazig Education and Research Hospital, Elazig, Turkey.
authors.forename: Mehmet
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kalayci
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Biochemistry (Firat Hormones Research Group), School of Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey.
authors.forename: Meltem
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yardim
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency, Mugla Sitki Kocman University, Education and Research Hospital, Mugla 48000, Turkey.
authors.forename: Omer Dogan
authors.initials: OD
authors.lastname: Alatas
authors.affiliation: Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey.
authors.forename: Tuncay
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kuloglu
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, 29 May State Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Huseyin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Balaban
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Ercis State Hospital, Van, Turkey.
authors.forename: Tolga
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Cakmak
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey.
authors.forename: Mehmet Ali
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Kobalt
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ahmet
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Çelik
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Biochemistry (Firat Hormones Research Group), School of Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey.
authors.forename: Suleyman
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Aydin
mesh_terms: D054058:Acute Coronary Syndrome / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis; D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001798:Blood Proteins; D003402:Creatine Kinase / Q000097:blood*; D004562:Electrocardiography; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010455:Peptides / Q000097:blood*; D012372:ROC Curve; D019210:Troponin I / Q000097:blood*; D020107:Troponin T / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D001798:Blood Proteins; C568440:Enho protein, human; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D010455:Peptides; D019210:Troponin I; D020107:Troponin T; D003402:Creatine Kinase