title: Tularemia vaccine development: paralysis or progress?
abstract: Francisella tularensis(Ft) is a gram-negative intercellular pathogen and category A biothreat agent. However, despite 15 years of strong government investment and intense research focused on the development of a US Food and Drug Administration-approved vaccine againstFt, the primary goal remains elusive. This article reviews research efforts focused on developing anFtvaccine, as well as a number of important factors, some only recently recognized as such, which can significantly impact the development and evaluation ofFtvaccine efficacy. Finally, an assessment is provided as to whether a US Food and Drug Administration-approvedFtvaccine is likely to be forthcoming and the potential means by which this might be achieved.
authors.affiliation: Center for Immunology and Microbial Disease, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Raju
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sunagar
authors.affiliation: Center for Immunology and Microbial Disease, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Sudeep
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.affiliation: Center for Immunology and Microbial Disease, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Brian J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Franz
authors.affiliation: Center for Immunology and Microbial Disease, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Edmund J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Gosselin
keywords: Sex bias; cellular immunity; differential protection; humoral immunity; media impact