title: Efficacy of mindfulness-based addiction treatment (MBAT) for smoking cessation and lapse recovery: A randomized clinical trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the efficacy of Mindfulness-Based Addiction Treatment (MBAT) to a Cognitive Behavioral Treatment (CBT) that matched MBAT on treatment contact time, and a Usual Care (UC) condition that comprised brief individual counseling.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants (N = 412) were 48.2% African American, 41.5% non-Latino White, 5.4% Latino, and 4.9% other, and 57.6% reported a total annual household income < $30,000. The majority of participants were female (54.9%). Mean cigarettes per day was 19.9 (SD = 10.1). Following the baseline visit, participants were randomized to UC (n = 103), CBT (n = 155), or MBAT (n = 154). All participants were given self-help materials and nicotine patch therapy. CBT and MBAT groups received 8 2-hr in-person group counseling sessions. UC participants received 4 brief individual counseling sessions. Biochemically verified smoking abstinence was assessed 4 and 26 weeks after the quit date.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Logistic random effects model analyses over time indicated no overall significant treatment effects (completers only: F(2, 236) = 0.29, p = .749; intent-to-treat: F(2, 401) = 0.9, p = .407). Among participants classified as smoking at the last treatment session, analyses examining the recovery of abstinence revealed a significant overall treatment effect, F(2, 103) = 4.41, p = .015 (MBAT vs. CBT: OR = 4.94, 95% CI: 1.47 to 16.59, p = .010, Effect Size = .88; MBAT vs. UC: OR = 4.18, 95% CI: 1.04 to 16.75, p = .043, Effect Size = .79).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although there were no overall significant effects of treatment on abstinence, MBAT may be more effective than CBT or UC in promoting recovery from lapses. (PsycINFO Database Record
authors.affiliation: Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center.
authors.forename: Jennifer Irvin
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: Vidrine
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Catholic University of America.
authors.forename: Claire Adams
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Spears
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychological Science, Georgia College and State University.
authors.forename: Whitney L
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Heppner
authors.affiliation: Department of Educational Psychology, University of Houston.
authors.forename: Lorraine R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Reitzel
authors.affiliation: Center for Substance Abuse Prevention, Education and Research, UTHealth School of Nursing.
authors.forename: Marianne T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Marcus
authors.affiliation: Department of Behavioral Science, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center.
authors.forename: Paul M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Cinciripini
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences.
authors.forename: Andrew J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Waters
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center.
authors.forename: Yisheng
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Disparities Research, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center.
authors.forename: Nga Thi To
authors.initials: NT
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.affiliation: Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center Houston.
authors.forename: Yumei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.affiliation: Division of General Internal Medicine and Public Health, Vanderbilt University.
authors.forename: Hilary A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Tindle
authors.affiliation: Mindful Living.
authors.forename: Micki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fine
authors.affiliation: Independent Practice.
authors.forename: Linda V
authors.initials: LV
authors.lastname: Safranek
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Rice University.
authors.forename: David W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Wetter
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D003376:Counseling; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D064866:Mindfulness / Q000379:methods*; D012907:Smoking / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D016540:Smoking Cessation / Q000523:psychology*; D061485:Tobacco Use Cessation Devices; D016896:Treatment Outcome