title: Extrahepatic Manifestations of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease.
abstract: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common cause of chronic liver disease worldwide with an increased prevalence of metabolic, macro- and microvascular complications. The primary causes of mortality in NAFLD are cardiovascular disease (CVD), malignancy and liver disease. NAFLD is a multisystem disease that affects a variety of extra-hepatic organ systems. The main focus of this review is to summarize the reported extra-hepatic associations, which include CVD, chronic kidney disease, obstructive sleep apnea, osteoporosis, psoriasis, colorectal cancer, iron overload and various endocrinopathies (e.g. type 2 diabetes mellitus, thyroid dysfunction, and polycystic ovarian syndrome). Due to the systemic manifestations of NAFLD patients require a multidisciplinary assessment and may benefit from more rigorous surveillance and early treatment interventions to decrease mortality related to malignancy or cardiometabolic diseases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine.
authors.forename: Lisa B
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: VanWagner
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine.
authors.forename: Mary E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Rinella
keywords: bone disease; cardiovascular disease (CVD); diabetes; iron overload; kidney disease; nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD); nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH); sex hormones; sleep apnea; thyroid disease