title: Production of Insecticide Degradates in Juices: Implications for Risk Assessment.
abstract: This study was designed to observe the production of degradates of two organophosphorus insecticides and one pyrethroid insecticide in beverages. Purified water, white grape juice, apple juice, and red grape juice were fortified with 500 ng/g malathion, chlorpyrifos, and permethrin, and aliquots were extracted for malathion dicarboxylic acid (MDA), 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCPy), and 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (3-PBA) several times over a 15 day period of being stored in the dark at 2.5 °C. Overall, first-order kinetics were observed for production of MDA, and statistically significant production of TCPy was also observed. Statistically significant production of 3-phenoxybenzoic acid was not observed. Results indicate that insecticides degrade in food and beverages, and this degradation may lead to preexisting insecticide metabolites in the beverages. Therefore, it is suggested that caution should be exercised when using urinary insecticide metabolites to assess exposure and risk.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Saint Francis University , Loretto, Pennsylvania 15940, United States.|Department of Chemistry, Emory University , Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States.|Laboratory for Exposure Assessment and Development for Environmental Research, Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University , Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States.
authors.forename: Samantha A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Radford
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Exposure Assessment and Development for Environmental Research, Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University , Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States.
authors.forename: Parinya
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Panuwet
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Exposure Assessment and Development for Environmental Research, Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University , Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States.|Global Analytical Services, Coca-Cola Company , Atlanta, Georgia 30313, United States.
authors.forename: Ronald E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Hunter
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Exposure Assessment and Development for Environmental Research, Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University , Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States.
authors.forename: Dana Boyd
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Barr
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Emory University , Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States.|Laboratory for Exposure Assessment and Development for Environmental Research, Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University , Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States.
authors.forename: P Barry
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Ryan
mesh_terms: D004390:Chlorpyrifos / Q000737:chemistry; D000067030:Fruit and Vegetable Juices / Q000032:analysis*; D007306:Insecticides / Q000737:chemistry*; D007700:Kinetics; D008294:Malathion / Q000737:chemistry; D026023:Permethrin / Q000737:chemistry; D011722:Pyrethrins / Q000737:chemistry; D018570:Risk Assessment
chemical_list: D007306:Insecticides; D011722:Pyrethrins; D026023:Permethrin; D004390:Chlorpyrifos; D008294:Malathion
keywords: LC−MS/MS; biomarkers of exposure; degradation; pesticides; risk assessment