title: Risk factors in ectopic pregnancy and differences between adults and adolescents, is consanguinity important?
abstract: The aim of the study was to determine the risk factors of ectopic pregnancy (EP) and to compare them between women over and under 20 years of age. 308 cases of EP (case group) were compared with 616 cases of normal pregnancy. Smoking [Ad OR =5.7 (CI 95%=2.8-11.6), p < 0.001], previous EP [Ad OR= 11.4 (CI 95%=3-42.4), p = 0.000], previous STD [Ad OR =3.2 (CI 95%=2.1-4.9), p < 0.001], previous use of IUD [Ad OR =4.1 (CI 95%=2.1-8), p < 0.001], history of infertility [Ad OR= 1.8 (CI 95%=1.1-3), p = 0.01], previous caesarean delivery [Ad OR= 1.5 (CI 95%=1.1-2.3), p = 0.03] and consanguinity [Ad OR =2.2 (CI 95%=1.3-3.6), p = 0.002] were considered as risk factors for EP. Prior abortion [p = 0.000], prior STD [p = 0.004], previous caesarean delivery [p = 0.000] and consanguinity [p = 0.04] were more in the >20-year-old group. Negative Rh [p = 0.02], good economic status [p = 0.000] and prior STD [p = 0.03] were more common in Afghan women. However, previous caesarean delivery [p = 0.04] was more in Iranian women. Smoking, previous EP, history of STD, IUD, infertility, previous caesarean delivery and consanguinity are all risk factors for EP.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology , Iran University of Medical Sciences , Akbarabadi Teaching Hospital , Tehran , Iran.
authors.forename: Maryam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kashanian
authors.affiliation: b Department of Medical Education & Development Center , Iran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran.
authors.forename: Hamid Reza
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Baradaran
authors.affiliation: a Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology , Iran University of Medical Sciences , Akbarabadi Teaching Hospital , Tehran , Iran.
authors.forename: Seyede Somayeh
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Mousavi
authors.affiliation: c Public Health, Faculty of Medicine , University of Southampton , Southampton , UK.
authors.forename: Narges
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sheikhansari
authors.affiliation: d Department of Midwifery , Iran University of Medical Sciences , Akbarabadi Teaching Hospital , Tehran , Iran.
authors.forename: Foroozan
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: BararPour
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002585:Cesarean Section / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D003241:Consanguinity; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007247:Infertility, Female / Q000453:epidemiology*; D007434:Intrauterine Devices / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D007492:Iran / Q000453:epidemiology; D011247:Pregnancy; D011271:Pregnancy, Ectopic / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D012008:Recurrence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012749:Sexually Transmitted Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors
keywords: Ectopic pregnancy; adolescents; adults; consanguinity; genital infection; sexually transmitted disease