title: An integrated approach to safer plant production on metal contaminated soils using species selection and chemical immobilization.
abstract: In order to examine the species specific accumulation of heavy metals in medicinal crops, seven different common medicinal plants were cultivated on a Cd (55mgkg(-1)) and Pb (1283mgkg(-1)) contaminated soil. Subsequently, the effect of various immobilizing agents, applied in isolation and in combination, on Cd and Pb uptake by two medicinal plant species was examined. Cadmium and Pb root concentrations in medicinal plants grown in the control soil varied between 0.5 and 2.6mgkg(-1) for Cd and 3.2 and 36.4mgkg(-1) for Pb. The highest accumulation occurred in Osterici Radix (Ostericum koreanum) and Ginger (Zingiber officinale) and the lowest in Yam (Dioscorea batatas). Application of immobilizing agents significantly reduced both Cd and Pb concentrations in all medicinal plants examined, where the most effective single immobilizing agent was lime fertilizer (LF). Application of combination treatments involving sorption agents such as compost together with lime further decreased Cd and Pb concentrations from 1.3 and 25.3mgkg(-1) to 0.2 and 4.3mgkg(-1), respectively, which was well below the corresponding WHO guidelines. Thus appropriate immobilizing agents in combination with species selection can be practically used for safer medicinal plant production.
authors.affiliation: Chemical Safety Division, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Wanju 565-851, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hyuck Soo
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Agronomy and Medicinal Plant Resources, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology, Jinju 660-758, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Byoung-Hwan
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Seo
authors.affiliation: Department of Agronomy and Medicinal Plant Resources, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology, Jinju 660-758, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jun-Sik
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Bae
authors.affiliation: Chemical Safety Division, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Wanju 565-851, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Won-Il
authors.initials: WI
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Environmental Contaminants Group, Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia.
authors.forename: Gary
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Owens
authors.affiliation: Department of Agronomy and Medicinal Plant Resources, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology, Jinju 660-758, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: kimkr419@gntech.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Kwon-Rae
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000383:Agriculture; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D002104:Cadmium / Q000378:metabolism; D017610:Calcium Compounds / Q000378:metabolism; D018556:Crops, Agricultural / Q000378:metabolism; D005308:Fertilizers / Q000032:analysis; D007854:Lead / Q000378:metabolism; D019216:Metals, Heavy / Q000378:metabolism*; D010087:Oxides / Q000378:metabolism; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000737:chemistry; D010946:Plants, Medicinal / Q000378:metabolism*; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry*; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000378:metabolism*; D013045:Species Specificity
chemical_list: D017610:Calcium Compounds; D005308:Fertilizers; D019216:Metals, Heavy; D010087:Oxides; D012987:Soil; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D002104:Cadmium; D007854:Lead; C016538:lime
keywords: Cadmium; Contamination; Immobilizing agent; Lead; Phytoavailability