title: Reformulation of Fungizone by PEG-DSPE Micelles: Deaggregation and Detoxification of Amphotericin B.
abstract: Fungizone® (AmB-SD), amphotericin B solubilized by sodium deoxycholate, contains a highly aggregated form of the antifungal agent that causes dose-limiting renal toxicity. With the aim of reducing the formulation's toxicity by co-delivering monomeric amphotericin B (AmB) and sodium supplementation, we deaggregated AmB-SD with FDA-approved excipient PEG-DSPE in 0.9% NaCl-USP. Herein, we describe a reformulated AmB-SD with PEG-DSPE micelles that results in a less toxic drug with maintained antifungal activity.
  
  
  
  We compared the aggregation state and particle size of AmB-SD alone or combined with PEG-DSPE micelles. In vitro hemolytic activity and in vivo renal toxicity were measured to determine the toxicity of different formulations. In vitro antifungal assays were performed to determine differences in efficacy among formulations.
  
  
  
  PEG-DSPE micelles in saline deaggregated AmB-SD. Deaggregated AmB-SD exhibited significantly reduced in vitro and in vivo toxicity. In vitro antifungal studies showed no difference in minimum inhibitory and fungicidal concentrations of AmB-SD combined with PEG-DSPE relative to the drug alone.
  
  
  
  Reformulation of AmB-SD with PEG-DSPE micelles in saline facilitates co-delivery of monomeric AmB and sodium supplementation, potentially reducing the dose-limiting nephrotoxicity of AmB-SD. Ease of preparation and commercially available components lead us to acknowledge its potential for clinical use.
authors.affiliation: Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 777 Highland Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin, 53705-2222, USA.
authors.forename: Celeste
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Alvarez
authors.affiliation: Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 777 Highland Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin, 53705-2222, USA.
authors.forename: Dae Hwan
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.affiliation: Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 777 Highland Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin, 53705-2222, USA. glen.kwon@wisc.edu.
authors.forename: Glen S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Kwon
mesh_terms: D000666:Amphotericin B / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D002176:Candida albicans / Q000187:drug effects; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical / Q000379:methods; D003840:Deoxycholic Acid / Q000737:chemistry; D004337:Drug Carriers / Q000737:chemistry; D005079:Excipients / Q000737:chemistry; D008297:Male; D008823:Micelles; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests / Q000379:methods; D010316:Particle Size; D010714:Phosphatidylethanolamines / Q000737:chemistry*; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000737:chemistry*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000187:drug effects; D012995:Solubility
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents; D004337:Drug Carriers; D005079:Excipients; D008823:Micelles; D010714:Phosphatidylethanolamines; C107570:polyethylene glycol-distearoylphosphatidylethanolamine; D003840:Deoxycholic Acid; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D000666:Amphotericin B
keywords: PEG-DSPE; aggregation state hypothesis; amphotericin B; sodium supplementation