title: Skimming Digits: Neuromorphic Classification of Spike-Encoded Images.
abstract: The growing demands placed upon the field of computer vision have renewed the focus on alternative visual scene representations and processing paradigms. Silicon retinea provide an alternative means of imaging the visual environment, and produce frame-free spatio-temporal data. This paper presents an investigation into event-based digit classification using N-MNIST, a neuromorphic dataset created with a silicon retina, and the Synaptic Kernel Inverse Method (SKIM), a learning method based on principles of dendritic computation. As this work represents the first large-scale and multi-class classification task performed using the SKIM network, it explores different training patterns and output determination methods necessary to extend the original SKIM method to support multi-class problems. Making use of SKIM networks applied to real-world datasets, implementing the largest hidden layer sizes and simultaneously training the largest number of output neurons, the classification system achieved a best-case accuracy of 92.87% for a network containing 10,000 hidden layer neurons. These results represent the highest accuracies achieved against the dataset to date and serve to validate the application of the SKIM method to event-based visual classification tasks. Additionally, the study found that using a square pulse as the supervisory training signal produced the highest accuracy for most output determination methods, but the results also demonstrate that an exponential pattern is better suited to hardware implementations as it makes use of the simplest output determination method based on the maximum value.
authors.affiliation: Biomedical Engineering and Neuroscience, The MARCS Institute, Western Sydney UniversitySydney, NSW, Australia; Natural Vision and Computation Team, Vision Institute, University Pierre and Marie Curie-Centre National de la Recherche ScientifiqueParis, France.
authors.forename: Gregory K
authors.initials: GK
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.affiliation: Temasek Labs (TLAB), National University of SingaporeSingapore, Singapore; Neuromorphic Engineering and Robotics, Singapore Institute for Neurotechnology (SINAPSE), National University of SingaporeSingapore, Singapore.
authors.forename: Garrick
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Orchard
authors.affiliation: Natural Vision and Computation Team, Vision Institute, University Pierre and Marie Curie-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Paris, France.
authors.forename: Sio-Hoi
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Leng
authors.affiliation: Biomedical Engineering and Neuroscience, The MARCS Institute, Western Sydney University Sydney, NSW, Australia.
authors.forename: Jonathan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tapson
authors.affiliation: Natural Vision and Computation Team, Vision Institute, University Pierre and Marie Curie-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Paris, France.
authors.forename: Ryad B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Benosman
authors.affiliation: Biomedical Engineering and Neuroscience, The MARCS Institute, Western Sydney University Sydney, NSW, Australia.
authors.forename: André
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: van Schaik
keywords: N-MNIST; OPIUM; SKIM; multi-class; object classification