title: Activity in the fronto-parietal network indicates numerical inductive reasoning beyond calculation: An fMRI study combined with a cognitive model.
abstract: Numerical inductive reasoning refers to the process of identifying and extrapolating the rule involved in numeric materials. It is associated with calculation, and shares the common activation of the fronto-parietal regions with calculation, which suggests that numerical inductive reasoning may correspond to a general calculation process. However, compared with calculation, rule identification is critical and unique to reasoning. Previous studies have established the central role of the fronto-parietal network for relational integration during rule identification in numerical inductive reasoning. The current question of interest is whether numerical inductive reasoning exclusively corresponds to calculation or operates beyond calculation, and whether it is possible to distinguish between them based on the activity pattern in the fronto-parietal network. To directly address this issue, three types of problems were created: numerical inductive reasoning, calculation, and perceptual judgment. Our results showed that the fronto-parietal network was more active in numerical inductive reasoning which requires more exchanges between intermediate representations and long-term declarative knowledge during rule identification. These results survived even after controlling for the covariates of response time and error rate. A computational cognitive model was developed using the cognitive architecture ACT-R to account for the behavioral results and brain activity in the fronto-parietal network.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China.|Beijing Key Lab of MRI and Brain Informatics, Beijing 100053, China.
authors.forename: Peipeng
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China.|Beijing Key Lab of MRI and Brain Informatics, Beijing 100053, China.
authors.forename: Xiuqin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Jia
authors.affiliation: Institute of Artificial Intelligence, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 9, 9747 AG Groningen, Netherlands.
authors.forename: Niels A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Taatgen
authors.affiliation: Institute of Artificial Intelligence, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 9, 9747 AG Groningen, Netherlands.
authors.forename: Jelmer P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Borst
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China.|Beijing Key Lab of MRI and Brain Informatics, Beijing 100053, China.
authors.forename: Kuncheng
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001931:Brain Mapping; D003071:Cognition / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D010296:Parietal Lobe / Q000502:physiology*; D011340:Problem Solving / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult