title: Longer rewarming time in finger cooling test in association with HbA1c level in diabetics.
abstract: To assess if rewarming time in finger cooling test (FCT) as an indicator of microvascular dysfunction is abnormal in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).
  
  
  
  Forty-three T2DM patients and 48 healthy controls with similarly distributed baseline demographic, clinical and laboratory parameters were subjected to FCT involving 60-second index finger immersion into water at 4°C. Finger temperature was measured before FCT (baseline-T), immediately after cooling stimulus (T0), and at one-minute intervals until baseline-T recovery. Temperature decline amplitude was calculated as the difference between T0 and baseline-T, and rewarming time as time elapsed from T0 to baseline-T recovery.
  
  
  
  T2DM patients compared with healthy controls had statistically similar baseline-T, significantly larger temperature decline amplitude, significantly lower T0, and significantly longer rewarming time. In T2DM patients, rewarming time positively correlated with T2DM duration (r=0.513, p<0.001) and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) level (r=0.446, p=0.003), which also were its independent predictors in multivariate regression analysis.
  
  
  
  Patients with T2DM display abnormal FCT results suggestive of microvascular dysfunction, with T2DM duration and HbA1c level independently predicting rewarming time.
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China.
authors.forename: Shan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zeng
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China.
authors.forename: Qi
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China.
authors.forename: Xiang-Wen
authors.initials: XW
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China; Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Jiangxi 330006, China.
authors.forename: Kui
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China.
authors.forename: Ju-Xiang
authors.initials: JX
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China.
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China.
authors.forename: Xiao-Shu
authors.initials: XS
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China. Electronic address: suyihappy@sohu.com.
authors.forename: Hai
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Su
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001833:Body Temperature Regulation; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003080:Cold Temperature; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003925:Diabetic Angiopathies / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D005385:Fingers / Q000098:blood supply*; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008833:Microcirculation; D008875:Middle Aged; D012039:Regional Blood Flow; D017694:Rewarming; D012881:Skin Temperature; D013817:Thermography; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; C517652:hemoglobin A1c protein, human
keywords: Cold; Diabetes; Finger; Temperature; Test