title: Jointed toxicity of TiO2NPs and Cd to rice seedlings: NPs alleviated Cd toxicity and Cd promoted NPs uptake.
abstract: Previous studies have reported that nanoparticles (NPs) and heavy metals are toxic to the environment. However, the jointed toxicity is not yet well understood. This study was aimed to investigate the combined toxicity of TiO2NPs and the heavy metal cadmium (Cd) to plants. Rice (Oryzasativa L.) was selected as the target plant. The rice seedlings were randomly separated into 12 groups and treated with CdCl2(0, 10 and 20 mg/L) and TiO2NPs (0, 10, 100 and 1000 mg/L). The plant height, biomass and root length indicated significant toxicity of Cd to the growth, but TiO2NPs exhibited the potential ability to alleviate the Cd toxicity. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) confirmed the existence of TiO2NPs in plants. Elemental analysis of Ti and Cd suggested that the presences of Cd significantly decreased the Ti accumulation in the rice roots in the co-exposure treatments. Interestingly, TiO2NPs could lower the Cd uptake and distribution in rice roots and leaves. The results of antioxidant enzyme activity, lipid peroxide as well as phytohormones varied in the different treatments. Comparing with the Cd alone treatment, the net photosynthetic rate and chlorophyll content were significantly increased in the co-exposure treatments, suggesting that TiO2NPs could tremendously reduce the Cd toxicity.
authors.affiliation: College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
authors.forename: Ye
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ji
authors.affiliation: College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
authors.forename: Yun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
authors.forename: Chuanxin
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.affiliation: College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hao
authors.affiliation: College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA. Electronic address: ruiyukui@163.com.
authors.forename: Yukui
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Rui
authors.affiliation: Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
authors.forename: Wenhao
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Gui
authors.affiliation: Center for Training, Consultancy and Technology Transfer, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Street, Cau Giay District, Ha Noi City, Viet Nam.
authors.forename: Van Nhan
authors.initials: VN
authors.lastname: Le
authors.affiliation: College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
authors.forename: Yaning
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
authors.forename: Yingcai
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
authors.forename: Baoshan
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Xing
authors.affiliation: College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
authors.forename: Liming
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China.
authors.forename: Weidong
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Cao
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D060387:Ascorbate Peroxidases / Q000378:metabolism; D018533:Biomass; D002104:Cadmium / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D002734:Chlorophyll / Q000378:metabolism; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004347:Drug Interactions; D008054:Lipid Peroxides / Q000378:metabolism; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D012275:Oryza / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D010788:Photosynthesis / Q000187:drug effects; D010937:Plant Growth Regulators / Q000378:metabolism; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D036226:Seedlings / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D013052:Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D008054:Lipid Peroxides; D010937:Plant Growth Regulators; D010940:Plant Proteins; D002104:Cadmium; D002734:Chlorophyll; C009495:titanium dioxide; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D014025:Titanium; D060387:Ascorbate Peroxidases; D002374:Catalase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase
keywords: Cadmium; Jointed toxicity; TiO(2) nanoparticles