title: The Emergence of Systematic Review in Toxicology.
abstract: The Evidence-based Toxicology Collaboration hosted a workshop on "The Emergence of Systematic Review and Related Evidence-based Approaches in Toxicology," on November 21, 2014 in Baltimore, Maryland. The workshop featured speakers from agencies and organizations applying systematic review approaches to questions in toxicology, speakers with experience in conducting systematic reviews in medicine and healthcare, and stakeholders in industry, government, academia, and non-governmental organizations. Based on the workshop presentations and discussion, here we address the state of systematic review methods in toxicology, historical antecedents in both medicine and toxicology, challenges to the translation of systematic review from medicine to toxicology, and thoughts on the way forward. We conclude with a recommendation that as various agencies and organizations adapt systematic review methods, they continue to work together to ensure that there is a harmonized process for how the basic elements of systematic review methods are applied in toxicology.
authors.affiliation: Johns Hopkins Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing, Baltimore, Maryland msteph14@jhu.edu.
authors.forename: Martin L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Stephens
authors.affiliation: Freelance Science and Technology Writer, Takoma Park, Maryland.
authors.forename: Kellyn
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Betts
authors.affiliation: American Chemistry Council, Washington, District of Columbia.
authors.forename: Nancy B
authors.initials: NB
authors.lastname: Beck
authors.affiliation: US Environmental Protection Agency, Arlington, Virginia.
authors.forename: Vincent
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Cogliano
authors.affiliation: Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland.
authors.forename: Kay
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Dickersin
authors.affiliation: Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, College Park, Maryland.
authors.forename: Suzanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fitzpatrick
authors.affiliation: ExxonMobil Biomedical Sciences, Annandale, New Jersey.
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Freeman
authors.affiliation: George Washington University Milken Institute School of Public Health, Washington, DC.
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gray
authors.affiliation: Johns Hopkins Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing, Baltimore, Maryland University of Konstanz, CAAT-Europe, Germany.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hartung
authors.affiliation: Environmental Defense Fund, Washington, District of Columbia.
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: McPartland
authors.affiliation: Office of Health Assessment and Translation, Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina.
authors.forename: Andrew A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Rooney
authors.affiliation: Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland.
authors.forename: Roberta W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Scherer
authors.affiliation: European Food Safety Authority, Parma 43126, Italy.
authors.forename: Didier
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Verloo
authors.affiliation: seh consulting + services, Paderborn 33098, Germany.
authors.forename: Sebastian
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hoffmann
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D006801:Humans; D035843:Biomedical Research / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards; D032921:Consensus; D017408:Guidelines as Topic; D014116:Toxicology / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards; D000078202:Systematic Reviews as Topic
keywords: data integration.; risk of bias; systematic review