title: Novel bone substitute composed of chitosan and strontium-doped α-calcium sulfate hemihydrate: Fabrication, characterisation and evaluation of biocompatibility.
abstract: Calcium sulfate is in routine clinical use as a bone substitute, offering the benefits of biodegradability, biocompatibility and a long history of use in bone repair. The osteoconductive properties of calcium sulfate may be further improved by doping with strontium ions. Nevertheless, the high degradation rate of calcium sulfate may impede bone healing as substantial material degradation may occur before the healing process is complete. The purpose of this study is to develop a novel composite bone substitute composed of chitosan and strontium-doped α-calcium sulfate hemihydrate in the form of microcapsules, which can promote osteogenesis while matching the natural rate of bone healing. The developed microcapsules exhibited controlled degradation that facilitated the sustained release of strontium ions. In vitro testing showed that the microcapsules had minimal cytotoxicity and ability to inhibit bacterial growth. In vivo testing in a mouse model showed the absence of genetic toxicity and low inflammatory potential of the microcapsules. The novel microcapsules developed in this study demonstrated suitable degradation characteristics for bone repair as well as favourable in vitro and in vivo behaviour, and hold promise for use as an alternative bone substitute in orthopaedic surgery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yirong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yilin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Shenyu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Research Unit, School of AMME, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
authors.forename: Jiao Jiao
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xue
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yunfei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yilong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hou
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Nan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Changpeng
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Sheng
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Rong
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zeng
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China. Electronic address: tumei@jnu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Mei
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tu
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, People's Republic of China. Electronic address: yubinol@163.com.
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Yu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D018786:Bone Substitutes / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D002133:Calcium Sulfate / Q000737:chemistry*; D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D048271:Chitosan / Q000737:chemistry*; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000473:pathology; D019736:Prostheses and Implants; D051381:Rats; D013324:Strontium / Q000737:chemistry*; D018675:Toxicity Tests
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D018786:Bone Substitutes; D048271:Chitosan; D002133:Calcium Sulfate; D013324:Strontium
keywords: Biocompatibility; Bone substitute; Calcium sulfate; Chitosan; Microcapsules; Strontium