title: Final results of the second prospective AIEOP protocol for pediatric intracranial ependymoma.
abstract: This prospective study stratified patients by surgical resection (complete = NED vs incomplete = ED) and centrally reviewed histology (World Health Organization [WHO] grade II vs III).
  
  
  
  WHO grade II/NED patients received focal radiotherapy (RT) up to 59.4 Gy with 1.8 Gy/day. Grade III/NED received 4 courses of VEC (vincristine, etoposide, cyclophosphamide) after RT. ED patients received 1-4 VEC courses, second-look surgery, and 59.4 Gy followed by an 8-Gy boost in 2 fractions on still measurable residue. NED children aged 1-3 years with grade II tumors could receive 6 VEC courses alone.
  
  
  
  From January 2002 to December 2014, one hundred sixty consecutive children entered the protocol (median age, 4.9 y; males, 100). Follow-up was a median of 67 months. An infratentorial origin was identified in 110 cases. After surgery, 110 patients were NED, and 84 had grade III disease. Multiple resections were performed in 46/160 children (28.8%). A boost was given to 24/40 ED patients achieving progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) rates of 58.1% and 68.7%, respectively, in this poor prognosis subgroup. For the whole series, 5-year PFS and OS rates were 65.4% and 81.1%, with no toxic deaths. On multivariable analysis, NED status and grade II were favorable for OS, and for PFS grade II remained favorable.
  
  
  
  In a multicenter collaboration, this trial accrued the highest number of patients published so far, and results are comparable to the best single-institution series. The RT boost, when feasible, seemed effective in improving prognosis. Even after multiple procedures, complete resection confirmed its prognostic strength, along with tumor grade. Biological parameters emerging in this series will be the object of future correlatives and reports.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (M.M., L.B., V.B., E.S.); Department of Medical Statistics, Biometry, and Bioinformatics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (R.M.); Pediatric Radiotherapy, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (L.G., E.P., B.D.); Department of Radiology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (G.C.); Department of Radiological, Oncological, and Anatomo-Pathological Sciences, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy (F.G., M.A.); Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy (F.R.B.); IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy (F.G.); Laboratory of Genetics, Pathology Unit, S. Anna General Hospital, Como, Italy (P.M.); Neurosurgery Department, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy (P.F., L.V.); Pathology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy (B.P.); Department of Pediatric Onco-Hematology, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Torino, Italy (D.B.); Department of Neurosurgery, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Torino, Italy (P.P.); Radiotherapy Unit, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Torino, Italy (A.M.); Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy (M.L.G., A.C.); Department of Neuro-oncology, Ospedale Pediatrico Meyer, Firenze, Italy (I.S.); Neurosurgery Unit, Ospedale Pediatrico Meyer, Firenze, Italy (L.G.); Pediatric Oncology Unit, Padova University, Padova, Italy (E.V.); Radiotherapy Department, IOV-IRCCS, Padova, Italy (G.S.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Careggy Hospital, Firenze, Italy (S.S.); Pathology Unit, Careggy Hospital, Firenze, Italy (A.B.); Department of Pediatric Radiotherapy, CRO, Aviano, Italy (M.M.); Department of Pediatric Oncology, Ospedale Santobono-Pausillipon, Napoli, Italy (L.Q.); Neurosurgery Unit, Ospedale Santobono-Pausillipon, Napoli, Italy (G.C.); Department of Radiation Oncology, IRCCS San Martino IST, National Cancer Research Institute, Ge
authors.forename: Maura
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Massimino
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (M.M., L.B., V.B., E.S.); Department of Medical Statistics, Biometry, and Bioinformatics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (R.M.); Pediatric Radiotherapy, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (L.G., E.P., B.D.); Department of Radiology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (G.C.); Department of Radiological, Oncological, and Anatomo-Pathological Sciences, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy (F.G., M.A.); Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy (F.R.B.); IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy (F.G.); Laboratory of Genetics, Pathology Unit, S. Anna General Hospital, Como, Italy (P.M.); Neurosurgery Department, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy (P.F., L.V.); Pathology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy (B.P.); Department of Pediatric Onco-Hematology, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Torino, Italy (D.B.); Department of Neurosurgery, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Torino, Italy (P.P.); Radiotherapy Unit, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Torino, Italy (A.M.); Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy (M.L.G., A.C.); Department of Neuro-oncology, Ospedale Pediatrico Meyer, Firenze, Italy (I.S.); Neurosurgery Unit, Ospedale Pediatrico Meyer, Firenze, Italy (L.G.); Pediatric Oncology Unit, Padova University, Padova, Italy (E.V.); Radiotherapy Department, IOV-IRCCS, Padova, Italy (G.S.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Careggy Hospital, Firenze, Italy (S.S.); Pathology Unit, Careggy Hospital, Firenze, Italy (A.B.); Department of Pediatric Radiotherapy, CRO, Aviano, Italy (M.M.); Department of Pediatric Oncology, Ospedale Santobono-Pausillipon, Napoli, Italy (L.Q.); Neurosurgery Unit, Ospedale Santobono-Pausillipon, Napoli, Italy (G.C.); Department of Radiation Oncology, IRCCS San Martino IST, National Cancer Research Institute, Ge
authors.forename: Rosalba
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Miceli
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (M.M., L.B., V.B., E.S.); Department of Medical Statistics, Biometry, and Bioinformatics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (R.M.); Pediatric Radiotherapy, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (L.G., E.P., B.D.); Department of Radiology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (G.C.); Department of Radiological, Oncological, and Anatomo-Pathological Sciences, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy (F.G., M.A.); Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy (F.R.B.); IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy (F.G.); Laboratory of Genetics, Pathology Unit, S. Anna General Hospital, Como, Italy (P.M.); Neurosurgery Department, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy (P.F., L.V.); Pathology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy (B.P.); Department of Pediatric Onco-Hematology, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Torino, Italy (D.B.); Department of Neurosurgery, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Torino, Italy (P.P.); Radiotherapy Unit, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Torino, Italy (A.M.); Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy (M.L.G., A.C.); Department of Neuro-oncology, Ospedale Pediatrico Meyer, Firenze, Italy (I.S.); Neurosurgery Unit, Ospedale Pediatrico Meyer, Firenze, Italy (L.G.); Pediatric Oncology Unit, Padova University, Padova, Italy (E.V.); Radiotherapy Department, IOV-IRCCS, Padova, Italy (G.S.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Careggy Hospital, Firenze, Italy (S.S.); Pathology Unit, Careggy Hospital, Firenze, Italy (A.B.); Department of Pediatric Radiotherapy, CRO, Aviano, Italy (M.M.); Department of Pediatric Oncology, Ospedale Santobono-Pausillipon, Napoli, Italy (L.Q.); Neurosurgery Unit, Ospedale Santobono-Pausillipon, Napoli, Italy (G.C.); Department of Radiation Oncology, IRCCS San Martino IST, National Cancer Research Institute, Ge
authors.forename: Felice
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Giangaspero
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (M.M., L.B., V.B., E.S.); Department of Medical Statistics, Biometry, and Bioinformatics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (R.M.); Pediatric Radiotherapy, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (L.G., E.P., B.D.); Department of Radiology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (G.C.); Department of Radiological, Oncological, and Anatomo-Pathological Sciences, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy (F.G., M.A.); Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy (F.R.B.); IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy (F.G.); Laboratory of Genetics, Pathology Unit, S. Anna General Hospital, Como, Italy (P.M.); Neurosurgery Department, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy (P.F., L.V.); Pathology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy (B.P.); Department of Pediatric Onco-Hematology, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Torino, Italy (D.B.); Department of Neurosurgery, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Torino, Italy (P.P.); Radiotherapy Unit, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Torino, Italy (A.M.); Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy (M.L.G., A.C.); Department of Neuro-oncology, Ospedale Pediatrico Meyer, Firenze, Italy (I.S.); Neurosurgery Unit, Ospedale Pediatrico Meyer, Firenze, Italy (L.G.); Pediatric Oncology Unit, Padova University, Padova, Italy (E.V.); Radiotherapy Department, IOV-IRCCS, Padova, Italy (G.S.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Careggy Hospital, Firenze, Italy (S.S.); Pathology Unit, Careggy Hospital, Firenze, Italy (A.B.); Department of Pediatric Radiotherapy, CRO, Aviano, Italy (M.M.); Department of Pediatric Oncology, Ospedale Santobono-Pausillipon, Napoli, Italy (L.Q.); Neurosurgery Unit, Ospedale Santobono-Pausillipon, Napoli, Italy (G.C.); Department of Radiation Oncology, IRCCS San Martino IST, National Cancer Research Institute, Ge
authors.forename: Luna
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Boschetti
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (M.M., L.B., V.B., E.S.); Department of Medical Statistics, Biometry, and Bioinformatics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (R.M.); Pediatric Radiotherapy, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (L.G., E.P., B.D.); Department of Radiology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (G.C.); Department of Radiological, Oncological, and Anatomo-Pathological Sciences, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy (F.G., M.A.); Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy (F.R.B.); IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy (F.G.); Laboratory of Genetics, Pathology Unit, S. Anna General Hospital, Como, Italy (P.M.); Neurosurgery Department, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy (P.F., L.V.); Pathology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy (B.P.); Department of Pediatric Onco-Hematology, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Torino, Italy (D.B.); Department of Neurosurgery, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Torino, Italy (P.P.); Radiotherapy Unit, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Torino, Italy (A.M.); Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy (M.L.G., A.C.); Department of Neuro-oncology, Ospedale Pediatrico Meyer, Firenze, Italy (I.S.); Neurosurgery Unit, Ospedale Pediatrico Meyer, Firenze, Italy (L.G.); Pediatric Oncology Unit, Padova University, Padova, Italy (E.V.); Radiotherapy Department, IOV-IRCCS, Padova, Italy (G.S.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Careggy Hospital, Firenze, Italy (S.S.); Pathology Unit, Careggy Hospital, Firenze, Italy (A.B.); Department of Pediatric Radiotherapy, CRO, Aviano, Italy (M.M.); Department of Pediatric Oncology, Ospedale Santobono-Pausillipon, Napoli, Italy (L.Q.); Neurosurgery Unit, Ospedale Santobono-Pausillipon, Napoli, Italy (G.C.); Department of Radiation Oncology, IRCCS San Martino IST, National Cancer Research Institute, Ge
authors.forename: Piergiorgio
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Modena
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (M.M., L.B., V.B., E.S.); Department of Medical Statistics, Biometry, and Bioinformatics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (R.M.); Pediatric Radiotherapy, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (L.G., E.P., B.D.); Department of Radiology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (G.C.); Department of Radiological, Oncological, and Anatomo-Pathological Sciences, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy (F.G., M.A.); Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy (F.R.B.); IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy (F.G.); Laboratory of Genetics, Pathology Unit, S. Anna General Hospital, Como, Italy (P.M.); Neurosurgery Department, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy (P.F., L.V.); Pathology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy (B.P.); Department of Pediatric Onco-Hematology, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Torino, Italy (D.B.); Department of Neurosurgery, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Torino, Italy (P.P.); Radiotherapy Unit, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Torino, Italy (A.M.); Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy (M.L.G., A.C.); Department of Neuro-oncology, Ospedale Pediatrico Meyer, Firenze, Italy (I.S.); Neurosurgery Unit, Ospedale Pediatrico Meyer, Firenze, Italy (L.G.); Pediatric Oncology Unit, Padova University, Padova, Italy (E.V.); Radiotherapy Department, IOV-IRCCS, Padova, Italy (G.S.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Careggy Hospital, Firenze, Italy (S.S.); Pathology Unit, Careggy Hospital, Firenze, Italy (A.B.); Department of Pediatric Radiotherapy, CRO, Aviano, Italy (M.M.); Department of Pediatric Oncology, Ospedale Santobono-Pausillipon, Napoli, Italy (L.Q.); Neurosurgery Unit, Ospedale Santobono-Pausillipon, Napoli, Italy (G.C.); Department of Radiation Oncology, IRCCS San Martino IST, National Cancer Research Institute, Ge
authors.forename: Manila
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Antonelli
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (M.M., L.B., V.B., E.S.); Department of Medical Statistics, Biometry, and Bioinformatics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (R.M.); Pediatric Radiotherapy, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (L.G., E.P., B.D.); Department of Radiology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (G.C.); Department of Radiological, Oncological, and Anatomo-Pathological Sciences, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy (F.G., M.A.); Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy (F.R.B.); IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy (F.G.); Laboratory of Genetics, Pathology Unit, S. Anna General Hospital, Como, Italy (P.M.); Neurosurgery Department, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy (P.F., L.V.); Pathology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy (B.P.); Department of Pediatric Onco-Hematology, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Torino, Italy (D.B.); Department of Neurosurgery, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Torino, Italy (P.P.); Radiotherapy Unit, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Torino, Italy (A.M.); Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy (M.L.G., A.C.); Department of Neuro-oncology, Ospedale Pediatrico Meyer, Firenze, Italy (I.S.); Neurosurgery Unit, Ospedale Pediatrico Meyer, Firenze, Italy (L.G.); Pediatric Oncology Unit, Padova University, Padova, Italy (E.V.); Radiotherapy Department, IOV-IRCCS, Padova, Italy (G.S.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Careggy Hospital, Firenze, Italy (S.S.); Pathology Unit, Careggy Hospital, Firenze, Italy (A.B.); Department of Pediatric Radiotherapy, CRO, Aviano, Italy (M.M.); Department of Pediatric Oncology, Ospedale Santobono-Pausillipon, Napoli, Italy (L.Q.); Neurosurgery Unit, Ospedale Santobono-Pausillipon, Napoli, Italy (G.C.); Department of Radiation Oncology, IRCCS San Martino IST, National Cancer Research Institute, Ge
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ferroli
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (M.M., L.B., V.B., E.S.); Department of Medical Statistics, Biometry, and Bioinformatics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (R.M.); Pediatric Radiotherapy, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (L.G., E.P., B.D.); Department of Radiology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (G.C.); Department of Radiological, Oncological, and Anatomo-Pathological Sciences, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy (F.G., M.A.); Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy (F.R.B.); IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy (F.G.); Laboratory of Genetics, Pathology Unit, S. Anna General Hospital, Como, Italy (P.M.); Neurosurgery Department, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy (P.F., L.V.); Pathology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy (B.P.); Department of Pediatric Onco-Hematology, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Torino, Italy (D.B.); Department of Neurosurgery, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Torino, Italy (P.P.); Radiotherapy Unit, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Torino, Italy (A.M.); Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy (M.L.G., A.C.); Department of Neuro-oncology, Ospedale Pediatrico Meyer, Firenze, Italy (I.S.); Neurosurgery Unit, Ospedale Pediatrico Meyer, Firenze, Italy (L.G.); Pediatric Oncology Unit, Padova University, Padova, Italy (E.V.); Radiotherapy Department, IOV-IRCCS, Padova, Italy (G.S.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Careggy Hospital, Firenze, Italy (S.S.); Pathology Unit, Careggy Hospital, Firenze, Italy (A.B.); Department of Pediatric Radiotherapy, CRO, Aviano, Italy (M.M.); Department of Pediatric Oncology, Ospedale Santobono-Pausillipon, Napoli, Italy (L.Q.); Neurosurgery Unit, Ospedale Santobono-Pausillipon, Napoli, Italy (G.C.); Department of Radiation Oncology, IRCCS San Martino IST, National Cancer Research Institute, Ge
authors.forename: Daniele
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bertin
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (M.M., L.B., V.B., E.S.); Department of Medical Statistics, Biometry, and Bioinformatics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (R.M.); Pediatric Radiotherapy, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (L.G., E.P., B.D.); Department of Radiology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (G.C.); Department of Radiological, Oncological, and Anatomo-Pathological Sciences, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy (F.G., M.A.); Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy (F.R.B.); IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy (F.G.); Laboratory of Genetics, Pathology Unit, S. Anna General Hospital, Como, Italy (P.M.); Neurosurgery Department, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy (P.F., L.V.); Pathology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy (B.P.); Department of Pediatric Onco-Hematology, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Torino, Italy (D.B.); Department of Neurosurgery, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Torino, Italy (P.P.); Radiotherapy Unit, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Torino, Italy (A.M.); Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy (M.L.G., A.C.); Department of Neuro-oncology, Ospedale Pediatrico Meyer, Firenze, Italy (I.S.); Neurosurgery Unit, Ospedale Pediatrico Meyer, Firenze, Italy (L.G.); Pediatric Oncology Unit, Padova University, Padova, Italy (E.V.); Radiotherapy Department, IOV-IRCCS, Padova, Italy (G.S.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Careggy Hospital, Firenze, Italy (S.S.); Pathology Unit, Careggy Hospital, Firenze, Italy (A.B.); Department of Pediatric Radiotherapy, CRO, Aviano, Italy (M.M.); Department of Pediatric Oncology, Ospedale Santobono-Pausillipon, Napoli, Italy (L.Q.); Neurosurgery Unit, Ospedale Santobono-Pausillipon, Napoli, Italy (G.C.); Department of Radiation Oncology, IRCCS San Martino IST, National Cancer Research Institute, Ge
authors.forename: Emilia
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Pecori
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (M.M., L.B., V.B., E.S.); Department of Medical Statistics, Biometry, and Bioinformatics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (R.M.); Pediatric Radiotherapy, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (L.G., E.P., B.D.); Department of Radiology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (G.C.); Department of Radiological, Oncological, and Anatomo-Pathological Sciences, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy (F.G., M.A.); Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy (F.R.B.); IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy (F.G.); Laboratory of Genetics, Pathology Unit, S. Anna General Hospital, Como, Italy (P.M.); Neurosurgery Department, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy (P.F., L.V.); Pathology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy (B.P.); Department of Pediatric Onco-Hematology, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Torino, Italy (D.B.); Department of Neurosurgery, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Torino, Italy (P.P.); Radiotherapy Unit, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Torino, Italy (A.M.); Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy (M.L.G., A.C.); Department of Neuro-oncology, Ospedale Pediatrico Meyer, Firenze, Italy (I.S.); Neurosurgery Unit, Ospedale Pediatrico Meyer, Firenze, Italy (L.G.); Pediatric Oncology Unit, Padova University, Padova, Italy (E.V.); Radiotherapy Department, IOV-IRCCS, Padova, Italy (G.S.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Careggy Hospital, Firenze, Italy (S.S.); Pathology Unit, Careggy Hospital, Firenze, Italy (A.B.); Department of Pediatric Radiotherapy, CRO, Aviano, Italy (M.M.); Department of Pediatric Oncology, Ospedale Santobono-Pausillipon, Napoli, Italy (L.Q.); Neurosurgery Unit, Ospedale Santobono-Pausillipon, Napoli, Italy (G.C.); Department of Radiation Oncology, IRCCS San Martino IST, National Cancer Research Institute, Ge
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Valentini
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (M.M., L.B., V.B., E.S.); Department of Medical Statistics, Biometry, and Bioinformatics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (R.M.); Pediatric Radiotherapy, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (L.G., E.P., B.D.); Department of Radiology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (G.C.); Department of Radiological, Oncological, and Anatomo-Pathological Sciences, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy (F.G., M.A.); Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy (F.R.B.); IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy (F.G.); Laboratory of Genetics, Pathology Unit, S. Anna General Hospital, Como, Italy (P.M.); Neurosurgery Department, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy (P.F., L.V.); Pathology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy (B.P.); Department of Pediatric Onco-Hematology, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Torino, Italy (D.B.); Department of Neurosurgery, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Torino, Italy (P.P.); Radiotherapy Unit, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Torino, Italy (A.M.); Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy (M.L.G., A.C.); Department of Neuro-oncology, Ospedale Pediatrico Meyer, Firenze, Italy (I.S.); Neurosurgery Unit, Ospedale Pediatrico Meyer, Firenze, Italy (L.G.); Pediatric Oncology Unit, Padova University, Padova, Italy (E.V.); Radiotherapy Department, IOV-IRCCS, Padova, Italy (G.S.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Careggy Hospital, Firenze, Italy (S.S.); Pathology Unit, Careggy Hospital, Firenze, Italy (A.B.); Department of Pediatric Radiotherapy, CRO, Aviano, Italy (M.M.); Department of Pediatric Oncology, Ospedale Santobono-Pausillipon, Napoli, Italy (L.Q.); Neurosurgery Unit, Ospedale Santobono-Pausillipon, Napoli, Italy (G.C.); Department of Radiation Oncology, IRCCS San Martino IST, National Cancer Research Institute, Ge
authors.forename: Veronica
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Biassoni
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (M.M., L.B., V.B., E.S.); Department of Medical Statistics, Biometry, and Bioinformatics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (R.M.); Pediatric Radiotherapy, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (L.G., E.P., B.D.); Department of Radiology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (G.C.); Department of Radiological, Oncological, and Anatomo-Pathological Sciences, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy (F.G., M.A.); Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy (F.R.B.); IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy (F.G.); Laboratory of Genetics, Pathology Unit, S. Anna General Hospital, Como, Italy (P.M.); Neurosurgery Department, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy (P.F., L.V.); Pathology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy (B.P.); Department of Pediatric Onco-Hematology, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Torino, Italy (D.B.); Department of Neurosurgery, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Torino, Italy (P.P.); Radiotherapy Unit, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Torino, Italy (A.M.); Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy (M.L.G., A.C.); Department of Neuro-oncology, Ospedale Pediatrico Meyer, Firenze, Italy (I.S.); Neurosurgery Unit, Ospedale Pediatrico Meyer, Firenze, Italy (L.G.); Pediatric Oncology Unit, Padova University, Padova, Italy (E.V.); Radiotherapy Department, IOV-IRCCS, Padova, Italy (G.S.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Careggy Hospital, Firenze, Italy (S.S.); Pathology Unit, Careggy Hospital, Firenze, Italy (A.B.); Department of Pediatric Radiotherapy, CRO, Aviano, Italy (M.M.); Department of Pediatric Oncology, Ospedale Santobono-Pausillipon, Napoli, Italy (L.Q.); Neurosurgery Unit, Ospedale Santobono-Pausillipon, Napoli, Italy (G.C.); Department of Radiation Oncology, IRCCS San Martino IST, National Cancer Research Institute, Ge
authors.forename: Maria Luisa
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Garrè
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (M.M., L.B., V.B., E.S.); Department of Medical Statistics, Biometry, and Bioinformatics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (R.M.); Pediatric Radiotherapy, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (L.G., E.P., B.D.); Department of Radiology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (G.C.); Department of Radiological, Oncological, and Anatomo-Pathological Sciences, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy (F.G., M.A.); Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy (F.R.B.); IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy (F.G.); Laboratory of Genetics, Pathology Unit, S. Anna General Hospital, Como, Italy (P.M.); Neurosurgery Department, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy (P.F., L.V.); Pathology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy (B.P.); Department of Pediatric Onco-Hematology, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Torino, Italy (D.B.); Department of Neurosurgery, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Torino, Italy (P.P.); Radiotherapy Unit, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Torino, Italy (A.M.); Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy (M.L.G., A.C.); Department of Neuro-oncology, Ospedale Pediatrico Meyer, Firenze, Italy (I.S.); Neurosurgery Unit, Ospedale Pediatrico Meyer, Firenze, Italy (L.G.); Pediatric Oncology Unit, Padova University, Padova, Italy (E.V.); Radiotherapy Department, IOV-IRCCS, Padova, Italy (G.S.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Careggy Hospital, Firenze, Italy (S.S.); Pathology Unit, Careggy Hospital, Firenze, Italy (A.B.); Department of Pediatric Radiotherapy, CRO, Aviano, Italy (M.M.); Department of Pediatric Oncology, Ospedale Santobono-Pausillipon, Napoli, Italy (L.Q.); Neurosurgery Unit, Ospedale Santobono-Pausillipon, Napoli, Italy (G.C.); Department of Radiation Oncology, IRCCS San Martino IST, National Cancer Research Institute, Ge
authors.forename: Elisabetta
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Schiavello
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (M.M., L.B., V.B., E.S.); Department of Medical Statistics, Biometry, and Bioinformatics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (R.M.); Pediatric Radiotherapy, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (L.G., E.P., B.D.); Department of Radiology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (G.C.); Department of Radiological, Oncological, and Anatomo-Pathological Sciences, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy (F.G., M.A.); Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy (F.R.B.); IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy (F.G.); Laboratory of Genetics, Pathology Unit, S. Anna General Hospital, Como, Italy (P.M.); Neurosurgery Department, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy (P.F., L.V.); Pathology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy (B.P.); Department of Pediatric Onco-Hematology, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Torino, Italy (D.B.); Department of Neurosurgery, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Torino, Italy (P.P.); Radiotherapy Unit, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Torino, Italy (A.M.); Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy (M.L.G., A.C.); Department of Neuro-oncology, Ospedale Pediatrico Meyer, Firenze, Italy (I.S.); Neurosurgery Unit, Ospedale Pediatrico Meyer, Firenze, Italy (L.G.); Pediatric Oncology Unit, Padova University, Padova, Italy (E.V.); Radiotherapy Department, IOV-IRCCS, Padova, Italy (G.S.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Careggy Hospital, Firenze, Italy (S.S.); Pathology Unit, Careggy Hospital, Firenze, Italy (A.B.); Department of Pediatric Radiotherapy, CRO, Aviano, Italy (M.M.); Department of Pediatric Oncology, Ospedale Santobono-Pausillipon, Napoli, Italy (L.Q.); Neurosurgery Unit, Ospedale Santobono-Pausillipon, Napoli, Italy (G.C.); Department of Radiation Oncology, IRCCS San Martino IST, National Cancer Research Institute, Ge
authors.forename: Iacopo
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Sardi
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (M.M., L.B., V.B., E.S.); Department of Medical Statistics, Biometry, and Bioinformatics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (R.M.); Pediatric Radiotherapy, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (L.G., E.P., B.D.); Department of Radiology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (G.C.); Department of Radiological, Oncological, and Anatomo-Pathological Sciences, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy (F.G., M.A.); Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy (F.R.B.); IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy (F.G.); Laboratory of Genetics, Pathology Unit, S. Anna General Hospital, Como, Italy (P.M.); Neurosurgery Department, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy (P.F., L.V.); Pathology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy (B.P.); Department of Pediatric Onco-Hematology, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Torino, Italy (D.B.); Department of Neurosurgery, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Torino, Italy (P.P.); Radiotherapy Unit, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Torino, Italy (A.M.); Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy (M.L.G., A.C.); Department of Neuro-oncology, Ospedale Pediatrico Meyer, Firenze, Italy (I.S.); Neurosurgery Unit, Ospedale Pediatrico Meyer, Firenze, Italy (L.G.); Pediatric Oncology Unit, Padova University, Padova, Italy (E.V.); Radiotherapy Department, IOV-IRCCS, Padova, Italy (G.S.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Careggy Hospital, Firenze, Italy (S.S.); Pathology Unit, Careggy Hospital, Firenze, Italy (A.B.); Department of Pediatric Radiotherapy, CRO, Aviano, Italy (M.M.); Department of Pediatric Oncology, Ospedale Santobono-Pausillipon, Napoli, Italy (L.Q.); Neurosurgery Unit, Ospedale Santobono-Pausillipon, Napoli, Italy (G.C.); Department of Radiation Oncology, IRCCS San Martino IST, National Cancer Research Institute, Ge
authors.forename: Armando
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cama
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (M.M., L.B., V.B., E.S.); Department of Medical Statistics, Biometry, and Bioinformatics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (R.M.); Pediatric Radiotherapy, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (L.G., E.P., B.D.); Department of Radiology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (G.C.); Department of Radiological, Oncological, and Anatomo-Pathological Sciences, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy (F.G., M.A.); Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy (F.R.B.); IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy (F.G.); Laboratory of Genetics, Pathology Unit, S. Anna General Hospital, Como, Italy (P.M.); Neurosurgery Department, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy (P.F., L.V.); Pathology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy (B.P.); Department of Pediatric Onco-Hematology, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Torino, Italy (D.B.); Department of Neurosurgery, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Torino, Italy (P.P.); Radiotherapy Unit, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Torino, Italy (A.M.); Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy (M.L.G., A.C.); Department of Neuro-oncology, Ospedale Pediatrico Meyer, Firenze, Italy (I.S.); Neurosurgery Unit, Ospedale Pediatrico Meyer, Firenze, Italy (L.G.); Pediatric Oncology Unit, Padova University, Padova, Italy (E.V.); Radiotherapy Department, IOV-IRCCS, Padova, Italy (G.S.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Careggy Hospital, Firenze, Italy (S.S.); Pathology Unit, Careggy Hospital, Firenze, Italy (A.B.); Department of Pediatric Radiotherapy, CRO, Aviano, Italy (M.M.); Department of Pediatric Oncology, Ospedale Santobono-Pausillipon, Napoli, Italy (L.Q.); Neurosurgery Unit, Ospedale Santobono-Pausillipon, Napoli, Italy (G.C.); Department of Radiation Oncology, IRCCS San Martino IST, National Cancer Research Institute, Ge
authors.forename: Elisabetta
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Viscardi
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (M.M., L.B., V.B., E.S.); Department of Medical Statistics, Biometry, and Bioinformatics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (R.M.); Pediatric Radiotherapy, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (L.G., E.P., B.D.); Department of Radiology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (G.C.); Department of Radiological, Oncological, and Anatomo-Pathological Sciences, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy (F.G., M.A.); Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy (F.R.B.); IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy (F.G.); Laboratory of Genetics, Pathology Unit, S. Anna General Hospital, Como, Italy (P.M.); Neurosurgery Department, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy (P.F., L.V.); Pathology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy (B.P.); Department of Pediatric Onco-Hematology, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Torino, Italy (D.B.); Department of Neurosurgery, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Torino, Italy (P.P.); Radiotherapy Unit, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Torino, Italy (A.M.); Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy (M.L.G., A.C.); Department of Neuro-oncology, Ospedale Pediatrico Meyer, Firenze, Italy (I.S.); Neurosurgery Unit, Ospedale Pediatrico Meyer, Firenze, Italy (L.G.); Pediatric Oncology Unit, Padova University, Padova, Italy (E.V.); Radiotherapy Department, IOV-IRCCS, Padova, Italy (G.S.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Careggy Hospital, Firenze, Italy (S.S.); Pathology Unit, Careggy Hospital, Firenze, Italy (A.B.); Department of Pediatric Radiotherapy, CRO, Aviano, Italy (M.M.); Department of Pediatric Oncology, Ospedale Santobono-Pausillipon, Napoli, Italy (L.Q.); Neurosurgery Unit, Ospedale Santobono-Pausillipon, Napoli, Italy (G.C.); Department of Radiation Oncology, IRCCS San Martino IST, National Cancer Research Institute, Ge
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Scarzello
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (M.M., L.B., V.B., E.S.); Department of Medical Statistics, Biometry, and Bioinformatics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (R.M.); Pediatric Radiotherapy, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (L.G., E.P., B.D.); Department of Radiology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (G.C.); Department of Radiological, Oncological, and Anatomo-Pathological Sciences, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy (F.G., M.A.); Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy (F.R.B.); IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy (F.G.); Laboratory of Genetics, Pathology Unit, S. Anna General Hospital, Como, Italy (P.M.); Neurosurgery Department, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy (P.F., L.V.); Pathology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy (B.P.); Department of Pediatric Onco-Hematology, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Torino, Italy (D.B.); Department of Neurosurgery, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Torino, Italy (P.P.); Radiotherapy Unit, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Torino, Italy (A.M.); Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy (M.L.G., A.C.); Department of Neuro-oncology, Ospedale Pediatrico Meyer, Firenze, Italy (I.S.); Neurosurgery Unit, Ospedale Pediatrico Meyer, Firenze, Italy (L.G.); Pediatric Oncology Unit, Padova University, Padova, Italy (E.V.); Radiotherapy Department, IOV-IRCCS, Padova, Italy (G.S.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Careggy Hospital, Firenze, Italy (S.S.); Pathology Unit, Careggy Hospital, Firenze, Italy (A.B.); Department of Pediatric Radiotherapy, CRO, Aviano, Italy (M.M.); Department of Pediatric Oncology, Ospedale Santobono-Pausillipon, Napoli, Italy (L.Q.); Neurosurgery Unit, Ospedale Santobono-Pausillipon, Napoli, Italy (G.C.); Department of Radiation Oncology, IRCCS San Martino IST, National Cancer Research Institute, Ge
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Scoccianti
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (M.M., L.B., V.B., E.S.); Department of Medical Statistics, Biometry, and Bioinformatics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (R.M.); Pediatric Radiotherapy, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (L.G., E.P., B.D.); Department of Radiology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (G.C.); Department of Radiological, Oncological, and Anatomo-Pathological Sciences, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy (F.G., M.A.); Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy (F.R.B.); IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy (F.G.); Laboratory of Genetics, Pathology Unit, S. Anna General Hospital, Como, Italy (P.M.); Neurosurgery Department, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy (P.F., L.V.); Pathology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy (B.P.); Department of Pediatric Onco-Hematology, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Torino, Italy (D.B.); Department of Neurosurgery, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Torino, Italy (P.P.); Radiotherapy Unit, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Torino, Italy (A.M.); Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy (M.L.G., A.C.); Department of Neuro-oncology, Ospedale Pediatrico Meyer, Firenze, Italy (I.S.); Neurosurgery Unit, Ospedale Pediatrico Meyer, Firenze, Italy (L.G.); Pediatric Oncology Unit, Padova University, Padova, Italy (E.V.); Radiotherapy Department, IOV-IRCCS, Padova, Italy (G.S.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Careggy Hospital, Firenze, Italy (S.S.); Pathology Unit, Careggy Hospital, Firenze, Italy (A.B.); Department of Pediatric Radiotherapy, CRO, Aviano, Italy (M.M.); Department of Pediatric Oncology, Ospedale Santobono-Pausillipon, Napoli, Italy (L.Q.); Neurosurgery Unit, Ospedale Santobono-Pausillipon, Napoli, Italy (G.C.); Department of Radiation Oncology, IRCCS San Martino IST, National Cancer Research Institute, Ge
authors.forename: Maurizio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mascarin
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (M.M., L.B., V.B., E.S.); Department of Medical Statistics, Biometry, and Bioinformatics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (R.M.); Pediatric Radiotherapy, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (L.G., E.P., B.D.); Department of Radiology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (G.C.); Department of Radiological, Oncological, and Anatomo-Pathological Sciences, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy (F.G., M.A.); Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy (F.R.B.); IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy (F.G.); Laboratory of Genetics, Pathology Unit, S. Anna General Hospital, Como, Italy (P.M.); Neurosurgery Department, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy (P.F., L.V.); Pathology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy (B.P.); Department of Pediatric Onco-Hematology, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Torino, Italy (D.B.); Department of Neurosurgery, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Torino, Italy (P.P.); Radiotherapy Unit, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Torino, Italy (A.M.); Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy (M.L.G., A.C.); Department of Neuro-oncology, Ospedale Pediatrico Meyer, Firenze, Italy (I.S.); Neurosurgery Unit, Ospedale Pediatrico Meyer, Firenze, Italy (L.G.); Pediatric Oncology Unit, Padova University, Padova, Italy (E.V.); Radiotherapy Department, IOV-IRCCS, Padova, Italy (G.S.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Careggy Hospital, Firenze, Italy (S.S.); Pathology Unit, Careggy Hospital, Firenze, Italy (A.B.); Department of Pediatric Radiotherapy, CRO, Aviano, Italy (M.M.); Department of Pediatric Oncology, Ospedale Santobono-Pausillipon, Napoli, Italy (L.Q.); Neurosurgery Unit, Ospedale Santobono-Pausillipon, Napoli, Italy (G.C.); Department of Radiation Oncology, IRCCS San Martino IST, National Cancer Research Institute, Ge
authors.forename: Lucia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Quaglietta
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (M.M., L.B., V.B., E.S.); Department of Medical Statistics, Biometry, and Bioinformatics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (R.M.); Pediatric Radiotherapy, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (L.G., E.P., B.D.); Department of Radiology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (G.C.); Department of Radiological, Oncological, and Anatomo-Pathological Sciences, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy (F.G., M.A.); Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy (F.R.B.); IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy (F.G.); Laboratory of Genetics, Pathology Unit, S. Anna General Hospital, Como, Italy (P.M.); Neurosurgery Department, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy (P.F., L.V.); Pathology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy (B.P.); Department of Pediatric Onco-Hematology, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Torino, Italy (D.B.); Department of Neurosurgery, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Torino, Italy (P.P.); Radiotherapy Unit, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Torino, Italy (A.M.); Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy (M.L.G., A.C.); Department of Neuro-oncology, Ospedale Pediatrico Meyer, Firenze, Italy (I.S.); Neurosurgery Unit, Ospedale Pediatrico Meyer, Firenze, Italy (L.G.); Pediatric Oncology Unit, Padova University, Padova, Italy (E.V.); Radiotherapy Department, IOV-IRCCS, Padova, Italy (G.S.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Careggy Hospital, Firenze, Italy (S.S.); Pathology Unit, Careggy Hospital, Firenze, Italy (A.B.); Department of Pediatric Radiotherapy, CRO, Aviano, Italy (M.M.); Department of Pediatric Oncology, Ospedale Santobono-Pausillipon, Napoli, Italy (L.Q.); Neurosurgery Unit, Ospedale Santobono-Pausillipon, Napoli, Italy (G.C.); Department of Radiation Oncology, IRCCS San Martino IST, National Cancer Research Institute, Ge
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cinalli
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (M.M., L.B., V.B., E.S.); Department of Medical Statistics, Biometry, and Bioinformatics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (R.M.); Pediatric Radiotherapy, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (L.G., E.P., B.D.); Department of Radiology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (G.C.); Department of Radiological, Oncological, and Anatomo-Pathological Sciences, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy (F.G., M.A.); Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy (F.R.B.); IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy (F.G.); Laboratory of Genetics, Pathology Unit, S. Anna General Hospital, Como, Italy (P.M.); Neurosurgery Department, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy (P.F., L.V.); Pathology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy (B.P.); Department of Pediatric Onco-Hematology, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Torino, Italy (D.B.); Department of Neurosurgery, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Torino, Italy (P.P.); Radiotherapy Unit, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Torino, Italy (A.M.); Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy (M.L.G., A.C.); Department of Neuro-oncology, Ospedale Pediatrico Meyer, Firenze, Italy (I.S.); Neurosurgery Unit, Ospedale Pediatrico Meyer, Firenze, Italy (L.G.); Pediatric Oncology Unit, Padova University, Padova, Italy (E.V.); Radiotherapy Department, IOV-IRCCS, Padova, Italy (G.S.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Careggy Hospital, Firenze, Italy (S.S.); Pathology Unit, Careggy Hospital, Firenze, Italy (A.B.); Department of Pediatric Radiotherapy, CRO, Aviano, Italy (M.M.); Department of Pediatric Oncology, Ospedale Santobono-Pausillipon, Napoli, Italy (L.Q.); Neurosurgery Unit, Ospedale Santobono-Pausillipon, Napoli, Italy (G.C.); Department of Radiation Oncology, IRCCS San Martino IST, National Cancer Research Institute, Ge
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Diletto
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (M.M., L.B., V.B., E.S.); Department of Medical Statistics, Biometry, and Bioinformatics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (R.M.); Pediatric Radiotherapy, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (L.G., E.P., B.D.); Department of Radiology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (G.C.); Department of Radiological, Oncological, and Anatomo-Pathological Sciences, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy (F.G., M.A.); Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy (F.R.B.); IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy (F.G.); Laboratory of Genetics, Pathology Unit, S. Anna General Hospital, Como, Italy (P.M.); Neurosurgery Department, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy (P.F., L.V.); Pathology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy (B.P.); Department of Pediatric Onco-Hematology, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Torino, Italy (D.B.); Department of Neurosurgery, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Torino, Italy (P.P.); Radiotherapy Unit, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Torino, Italy (A.M.); Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy (M.L.G., A.C.); Department of Neuro-oncology, Ospedale Pediatrico Meyer, Firenze, Italy (I.S.); Neurosurgery Unit, Ospedale Pediatrico Meyer, Firenze, Italy (L.G.); Pediatric Oncology Unit, Padova University, Padova, Italy (E.V.); Radiotherapy Department, IOV-IRCCS, Padova, Italy (G.S.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Careggy Hospital, Firenze, Italy (S.S.); Pathology Unit, Careggy Hospital, Firenze, Italy (A.B.); Department of Pediatric Radiotherapy, CRO, Aviano, Italy (M.M.); Department of Pediatric Oncology, Ospedale Santobono-Pausillipon, Napoli, Italy (L.Q.); Neurosurgery Unit, Ospedale Santobono-Pausillipon, Napoli, Italy (G.C.); Department of Radiation Oncology, IRCCS San Martino IST, National Cancer Research Institute, Ge
authors.forename: Lorenzo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Genitori
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (M.M., L.B., V.B., E.S.); Department of Medical Statistics, Biometry, and Bioinformatics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (R.M.); Pediatric Radiotherapy, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (L.G., E.P., B.D.); Department of Radiology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (G.C.); Department of Radiological, Oncological, and Anatomo-Pathological Sciences, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy (F.G., M.A.); Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy (F.R.B.); IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy (F.G.); Laboratory of Genetics, Pathology Unit, S. Anna General Hospital, Como, Italy (P.M.); Neurosurgery Department, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy (P.F., L.V.); Pathology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy (B.P.); Department of Pediatric Onco-Hematology, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Torino, Italy (D.B.); Department of Neurosurgery, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Torino, Italy (P.P.); Radiotherapy Unit, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Torino, Italy (A.M.); Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy (M.L.G., A.C.); Department of Neuro-oncology, Ospedale Pediatrico Meyer, Firenze, Italy (I.S.); Neurosurgery Unit, Ospedale Pediatrico Meyer, Firenze, Italy (L.G.); Pediatric Oncology Unit, Padova University, Padova, Italy (E.V.); Radiotherapy Department, IOV-IRCCS, Padova, Italy (G.S.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Careggy Hospital, Firenze, Italy (S.S.); Pathology Unit, Careggy Hospital, Firenze, Italy (A.B.); Department of Pediatric Radiotherapy, CRO, Aviano, Italy (M.M.); Department of Pediatric Oncology, Ospedale Santobono-Pausillipon, Napoli, Italy (L.Q.); Neurosurgery Unit, Ospedale Santobono-Pausillipon, Napoli, Italy (G.C.); Department of Radiation Oncology, IRCCS San Martino IST, National Cancer Research Institute, Ge
authors.forename: Paola
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Peretta
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (M.M., L.B., V.B., E.S.); Department of Medical Statistics, Biometry, and Bioinformatics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (R.M.); Pediatric Radiotherapy, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (L.G., E.P., B.D.); Department of Radiology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (G.C.); Department of Radiological, Oncological, and Anatomo-Pathological Sciences, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy (F.G., M.A.); Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy (F.R.B.); IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy (F.G.); Laboratory of Genetics, Pathology Unit, S. Anna General Hospital, Como, Italy (P.M.); Neurosurgery Department, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy (P.F., L.V.); Pathology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy (B.P.); Department of Pediatric Onco-Hematology, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Torino, Italy (D.B.); Department of Neurosurgery, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Torino, Italy (P.P.); Radiotherapy Unit, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Torino, Italy (A.M.); Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy (M.L.G., A.C.); Department of Neuro-oncology, Ospedale Pediatrico Meyer, Firenze, Italy (I.S.); Neurosurgery Unit, Ospedale Pediatrico Meyer, Firenze, Italy (L.G.); Pediatric Oncology Unit, Padova University, Padova, Italy (E.V.); Radiotherapy Department, IOV-IRCCS, Padova, Italy (G.S.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Careggy Hospital, Firenze, Italy (S.S.); Pathology Unit, Careggy Hospital, Firenze, Italy (A.B.); Department of Pediatric Radiotherapy, CRO, Aviano, Italy (M.M.); Department of Pediatric Oncology, Ospedale Santobono-Pausillipon, Napoli, Italy (L.Q.); Neurosurgery Unit, Ospedale Santobono-Pausillipon, Napoli, Italy (G.C.); Department of Radiation Oncology, IRCCS San Martino IST, National Cancer Research Institute, Ge
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mussano
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (M.M., L.B., V.B., E.S.); Department of Medical Statistics, Biometry, and Bioinformatics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (R.M.); Pediatric Radiotherapy, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (L.G., E.P., B.D.); Department of Radiology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (G.C.); Department of Radiological, Oncological, and Anatomo-Pathological Sciences, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy (F.G., M.A.); Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy (F.R.B.); IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy (F.G.); Laboratory of Genetics, Pathology Unit, S. Anna General Hospital, Como, Italy (P.M.); Neurosurgery Department, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy (P.F., L.V.); Pathology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy (B.P.); Department of Pediatric Onco-Hematology, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Torino, Italy (D.B.); Department of Neurosurgery, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Torino, Italy (P.P.); Radiotherapy Unit, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Torino, Italy (A.M.); Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy (M.L.G., A.C.); Department of Neuro-oncology, Ospedale Pediatrico Meyer, Firenze, Italy (I.S.); Neurosurgery Unit, Ospedale Pediatrico Meyer, Firenze, Italy (L.G.); Pediatric Oncology Unit, Padova University, Padova, Italy (E.V.); Radiotherapy Department, IOV-IRCCS, Padova, Italy (G.S.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Careggy Hospital, Firenze, Italy (S.S.); Pathology Unit, Careggy Hospital, Firenze, Italy (A.B.); Department of Pediatric Radiotherapy, CRO, Aviano, Italy (M.M.); Department of Pediatric Oncology, Ospedale Santobono-Pausillipon, Napoli, Italy (L.Q.); Neurosurgery Unit, Ospedale Santobono-Pausillipon, Napoli, Italy (G.C.); Department of Radiation Oncology, IRCCS San Martino IST, National Cancer Research Institute, Ge
authors.forename: Annamaria
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Buccoliero
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (M.M., L.B., V.B., E.S.); Department of Medical Statistics, Biometry, and Bioinformatics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (R.M.); Pediatric Radiotherapy, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (L.G., E.P., B.D.); Department of Radiology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (G.C.); Department of Radiological, Oncological, and Anatomo-Pathological Sciences, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy (F.G., M.A.); Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy (F.R.B.); IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy (F.G.); Laboratory of Genetics, Pathology Unit, S. Anna General Hospital, Como, Italy (P.M.); Neurosurgery Department, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy (P.F., L.V.); Pathology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy (B.P.); Department of Pediatric Onco-Hematology, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Torino, Italy (D.B.); Department of Neurosurgery, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Torino, Italy (P.P.); Radiotherapy Unit, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Torino, Italy (A.M.); Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy (M.L.G., A.C.); Department of Neuro-oncology, Ospedale Pediatrico Meyer, Firenze, Italy (I.S.); Neurosurgery Unit, Ospedale Pediatrico Meyer, Firenze, Italy (L.G.); Pediatric Oncology Unit, Padova University, Padova, Italy (E.V.); Radiotherapy Department, IOV-IRCCS, Padova, Italy (G.S.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Careggy Hospital, Firenze, Italy (S.S.); Pathology Unit, Careggy Hospital, Firenze, Italy (A.B.); Department of Pediatric Radiotherapy, CRO, Aviano, Italy (M.M.); Department of Pediatric Oncology, Ospedale Santobono-Pausillipon, Napoli, Italy (L.Q.); Neurosurgery Unit, Ospedale Santobono-Pausillipon, Napoli, Italy (G.C.); Department of Radiation Oncology, IRCCS San Martino IST, National Cancer Research Institute, Ge
authors.forename: Giuseppina
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Calareso
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (M.M., L.B., V.B., E.S.); Department of Medical Statistics, Biometry, and Bioinformatics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (R.M.); Pediatric Radiotherapy, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (L.G., E.P., B.D.); Department of Radiology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (G.C.); Department of Radiological, Oncological, and Anatomo-Pathological Sciences, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy (F.G., M.A.); Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy (F.R.B.); IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy (F.G.); Laboratory of Genetics, Pathology Unit, S. Anna General Hospital, Como, Italy (P.M.); Neurosurgery Department, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy (P.F., L.V.); Pathology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy (B.P.); Department of Pediatric Onco-Hematology, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Torino, Italy (D.B.); Department of Neurosurgery, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Torino, Italy (P.P.); Radiotherapy Unit, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Torino, Italy (A.M.); Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy (M.L.G., A.C.); Department of Neuro-oncology, Ospedale Pediatrico Meyer, Firenze, Italy (I.S.); Neurosurgery Unit, Ospedale Pediatrico Meyer, Firenze, Italy (L.G.); Pediatric Oncology Unit, Padova University, Padova, Italy (E.V.); Radiotherapy Department, IOV-IRCCS, Padova, Italy (G.S.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Careggy Hospital, Firenze, Italy (S.S.); Pathology Unit, Careggy Hospital, Firenze, Italy (A.B.); Department of Pediatric Radiotherapy, CRO, Aviano, Italy (M.M.); Department of Pediatric Oncology, Ospedale Santobono-Pausillipon, Napoli, Italy (L.Q.); Neurosurgery Unit, Ospedale Santobono-Pausillipon, Napoli, Italy (G.C.); Department of Radiation Oncology, IRCCS San Martino IST, National Cancer Research Institute, Ge
authors.forename: Salvina
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Barra
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (M.M., L.B., V.B., E.S.); Department of Medical Statistics, Biometry, and Bioinformatics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (R.M.); Pediatric Radiotherapy, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (L.G., E.P., B.D.); Department of Radiology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (G.C.); Department of Radiological, Oncological, and Anatomo-Pathological Sciences, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy (F.G., M.A.); Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy (F.R.B.); IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy (F.G.); Laboratory of Genetics, Pathology Unit, S. Anna General Hospital, Como, Italy (P.M.); Neurosurgery Department, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy (P.F., L.V.); Pathology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy (B.P.); Department of Pediatric Onco-Hematology, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Torino, Italy (D.B.); Department of Neurosurgery, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Torino, Italy (P.P.); Radiotherapy Unit, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Torino, Italy (A.M.); Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy (M.L.G., A.C.); Department of Neuro-oncology, Ospedale Pediatrico Meyer, Firenze, Italy (I.S.); Neurosurgery Unit, Ospedale Pediatrico Meyer, Firenze, Italy (L.G.); Pediatric Oncology Unit, Padova University, Padova, Italy (E.V.); Radiotherapy Department, IOV-IRCCS, Padova, Italy (G.S.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Careggy Hospital, Firenze, Italy (S.S.); Pathology Unit, Careggy Hospital, Firenze, Italy (A.B.); Department of Pediatric Radiotherapy, CRO, Aviano, Italy (M.M.); Department of Pediatric Oncology, Ospedale Santobono-Pausillipon, Napoli, Italy (L.Q.); Neurosurgery Unit, Ospedale Santobono-Pausillipon, Napoli, Italy (G.C.); Department of Radiation Oncology, IRCCS San Martino IST, National Cancer Research Institute, Ge
authors.forename: Angela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mastronuzzi
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (M.M., L.B., V.B., E.S.); Department of Medical Statistics, Biometry, and Bioinformatics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (R.M.); Pediatric Radiotherapy, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (L.G., E.P., B.D.); Department of Radiology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (G.C.); Department of Radiological, Oncological, and Anatomo-Pathological Sciences, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy (F.G., M.A.); Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy (F.R.B.); IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy (F.G.); Laboratory of Genetics, Pathology Unit, S. Anna General Hospital, Como, Italy (P.M.); Neurosurgery Department, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy (P.F., L.V.); Pathology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy (B.P.); Department of Pediatric Onco-Hematology, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Torino, Italy (D.B.); Department of Neurosurgery, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Torino, Italy (P.P.); Radiotherapy Unit, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Torino, Italy (A.M.); Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy (M.L.G., A.C.); Department of Neuro-oncology, Ospedale Pediatrico Meyer, Firenze, Italy (I.S.); Neurosurgery Unit, Ospedale Pediatrico Meyer, Firenze, Italy (L.G.); Pediatric Oncology Unit, Padova University, Padova, Italy (E.V.); Radiotherapy Department, IOV-IRCCS, Padova, Italy (G.S.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Careggy Hospital, Firenze, Italy (S.S.); Pathology Unit, Careggy Hospital, Firenze, Italy (A.B.); Department of Pediatric Radiotherapy, CRO, Aviano, Italy (M.M.); Department of Pediatric Oncology, Ospedale Santobono-Pausillipon, Napoli, Italy (L.Q.); Neurosurgery Unit, Ospedale Santobono-Pausillipon, Napoli, Italy (G.C.); Department of Radiation Oncology, IRCCS San Martino IST, National Cancer Research Institute, Ge
authors.forename: Carlo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Giussani
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (M.M., L.B., V.B., E.S.); Department of Medical Statistics, Biometry, and Bioinformatics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (R.M.); Pediatric Radiotherapy, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (L.G., E.P., B.D.); Department of Radiology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (G.C.); Department of Radiological, Oncological, and Anatomo-Pathological Sciences, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy (F.G., M.A.); Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy (F.R.B.); IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy (F.G.); Laboratory of Genetics, Pathology Unit, S. Anna General Hospital, Como, Italy (P.M.); Neurosurgery Department, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy (P.F., L.V.); Pathology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy (B.P.); Department of Pediatric Onco-Hematology, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Torino, Italy (D.B.); Department of Neurosurgery, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Torino, Italy (P.P.); Radiotherapy Unit, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Torino, Italy (A.M.); Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy (M.L.G., A.C.); Department of Neuro-oncology, Ospedale Pediatrico Meyer, Firenze, Italy (I.S.); Neurosurgery Unit, Ospedale Pediatrico Meyer, Firenze, Italy (L.G.); Pediatric Oncology Unit, Padova University, Padova, Italy (E.V.); Radiotherapy Department, IOV-IRCCS, Padova, Italy (G.S.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Careggy Hospital, Firenze, Italy (S.S.); Pathology Unit, Careggy Hospital, Firenze, Italy (A.B.); Department of Pediatric Radiotherapy, CRO, Aviano, Italy (M.M.); Department of Pediatric Oncology, Ospedale Santobono-Pausillipon, Napoli, Italy (L.Q.); Neurosurgery Unit, Ospedale Santobono-Pausillipon, Napoli, Italy (G.C.); Department of Radiation Oncology, IRCCS San Martino IST, National Cancer Research Institute, Ge
authors.forename: Carlo Efisio
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Marras
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (M.M., L.B., V.B., E.S.); Department of Medical Statistics, Biometry, and Bioinformatics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (R.M.); Pediatric Radiotherapy, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (L.G., E.P., B.D.); Department of Radiology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (G.C.); Department of Radiological, Oncological, and Anatomo-Pathological Sciences, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy (F.G., M.A.); Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy (F.R.B.); IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy (F.G.); Laboratory of Genetics, Pathology Unit, S. Anna General Hospital, Como, Italy (P.M.); Neurosurgery Department, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy (P.F., L.V.); Pathology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy (B.P.); Department of Pediatric Onco-Hematology, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Torino, Italy (D.B.); Department of Neurosurgery, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Torino, Italy (P.P.); Radiotherapy Unit, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Torino, Italy (A.M.); Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy (M.L.G., A.C.); Department of Neuro-oncology, Ospedale Pediatrico Meyer, Firenze, Italy (I.S.); Neurosurgery Unit, Ospedale Pediatrico Meyer, Firenze, Italy (L.G.); Pediatric Oncology Unit, Padova University, Padova, Italy (E.V.); Radiotherapy Department, IOV-IRCCS, Padova, Italy (G.S.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Careggy Hospital, Firenze, Italy (S.S.); Pathology Unit, Careggy Hospital, Firenze, Italy (A.B.); Department of Pediatric Radiotherapy, CRO, Aviano, Italy (M.M.); Department of Pediatric Oncology, Ospedale Santobono-Pausillipon, Napoli, Italy (L.Q.); Neurosurgery Unit, Ospedale Santobono-Pausillipon, Napoli, Italy (G.C.); Department of Radiation Oncology, IRCCS San Martino IST, National Cancer Research Institute, Ge
authors.forename: Rita
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Balter
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (M.M., L.B., V.B., E.S.); Department of Medical Statistics, Biometry, and Bioinformatics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (R.M.); Pediatric Radiotherapy, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (L.G., E.P., B.D.); Department of Radiology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (G.C.); Department of Radiological, Oncological, and Anatomo-Pathological Sciences, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy (F.G., M.A.); Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy (F.R.B.); IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy (F.G.); Laboratory of Genetics, Pathology Unit, S. Anna General Hospital, Como, Italy (P.M.); Neurosurgery Department, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy (P.F., L.V.); Pathology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy (B.P.); Department of Pediatric Onco-Hematology, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Torino, Italy (D.B.); Department of Neurosurgery, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Torino, Italy (P.P.); Radiotherapy Unit, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Torino, Italy (A.M.); Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy (M.L.G., A.C.); Department of Neuro-oncology, Ospedale Pediatrico Meyer, Firenze, Italy (I.S.); Neurosurgery Unit, Ospedale Pediatrico Meyer, Firenze, Italy (L.G.); Pediatric Oncology Unit, Padova University, Padova, Italy (E.V.); Radiotherapy Department, IOV-IRCCS, Padova, Italy (G.S.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Careggy Hospital, Firenze, Italy (S.S.); Pathology Unit, Careggy Hospital, Firenze, Italy (A.B.); Department of Pediatric Radiotherapy, CRO, Aviano, Italy (M.M.); Department of Pediatric Oncology, Ospedale Santobono-Pausillipon, Napoli, Italy (L.Q.); Neurosurgery Unit, Ospedale Santobono-Pausillipon, Napoli, Italy (G.C.); Department of Radiation Oncology, IRCCS San Martino IST, National Cancer Research Institute, Ge
authors.forename: Patrizia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bertolini
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (M.M., L.B., V.B., E.S.); Department of Medical Statistics, Biometry, and Bioinformatics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (R.M.); Pediatric Radiotherapy, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (L.G., E.P., B.D.); Department of Radiology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (G.C.); Department of Radiological, Oncological, and Anatomo-Pathological Sciences, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy (F.G., M.A.); Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy (F.R.B.); IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy (F.G.); Laboratory of Genetics, Pathology Unit, S. Anna General Hospital, Como, Italy (P.M.); Neurosurgery Department, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy (P.F., L.V.); Pathology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy (B.P.); Department of Pediatric Onco-Hematology, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Torino, Italy (D.B.); Department of Neurosurgery, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Torino, Italy (P.P.); Radiotherapy Unit, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Torino, Italy (A.M.); Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy (M.L.G., A.C.); Department of Neuro-oncology, Ospedale Pediatrico Meyer, Firenze, Italy (I.S.); Neurosurgery Unit, Ospedale Pediatrico Meyer, Firenze, Italy (L.G.); Pediatric Oncology Unit, Padova University, Padova, Italy (E.V.); Radiotherapy Department, IOV-IRCCS, Padova, Italy (G.S.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Careggy Hospital, Firenze, Italy (S.S.); Pathology Unit, Careggy Hospital, Firenze, Italy (A.B.); Department of Pediatric Radiotherapy, CRO, Aviano, Italy (M.M.); Department of Pediatric Oncology, Ospedale Santobono-Pausillipon, Napoli, Italy (L.Q.); Neurosurgery Unit, Ospedale Santobono-Pausillipon, Napoli, Italy (G.C.); Department of Radiation Oncology, IRCCS San Martino IST, National Cancer Research Institute, Ge
authors.forename: Ermanno
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Giombelli
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (M.M., L.B., V.B., E.S.); Department of Medical Statistics, Biometry, and Bioinformatics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (R.M.); Pediatric Radiotherapy, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (L.G., E.P., B.D.); Department of Radiology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (G.C.); Department of Radiological, Oncological, and Anatomo-Pathological Sciences, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy (F.G., M.A.); Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy (F.R.B.); IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy (F.G.); Laboratory of Genetics, Pathology Unit, S. Anna General Hospital, Como, Italy (P.M.); Neurosurgery Department, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy (P.F., L.V.); Pathology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy (B.P.); Department of Pediatric Onco-Hematology, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Torino, Italy (D.B.); Department of Neurosurgery, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Torino, Italy (P.P.); Radiotherapy Unit, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Torino, Italy (A.M.); Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy (M.L.G., A.C.); Department of Neuro-oncology, Ospedale Pediatrico Meyer, Firenze, Italy (I.S.); Neurosurgery Unit, Ospedale Pediatrico Meyer, Firenze, Italy (L.G.); Pediatric Oncology Unit, Padova University, Padova, Italy (E.V.); Radiotherapy Department, IOV-IRCCS, Padova, Italy (G.S.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Careggy Hospital, Firenze, Italy (S.S.); Pathology Unit, Careggy Hospital, Firenze, Italy (A.B.); Department of Pediatric Radiotherapy, CRO, Aviano, Italy (M.M.); Department of Pediatric Oncology, Ospedale Santobono-Pausillipon, Napoli, Italy (L.Q.); Neurosurgery Unit, Ospedale Santobono-Pausillipon, Napoli, Italy (G.C.); Department of Radiation Oncology, IRCCS San Martino IST, National Cancer Research Institute, Ge
authors.forename: Milena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: La Spina
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (M.M., L.B., V.B., E.S.); Department of Medical Statistics, Biometry, and Bioinformatics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (R.M.); Pediatric Radiotherapy, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (L.G., E.P., B.D.); Department of Radiology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (G.C.); Department of Radiological, Oncological, and Anatomo-Pathological Sciences, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy (F.G., M.A.); Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy (F.R.B.); IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy (F.G.); Laboratory of Genetics, Pathology Unit, S. Anna General Hospital, Como, Italy (P.M.); Neurosurgery Department, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy (P.F., L.V.); Pathology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy (B.P.); Department of Pediatric Onco-Hematology, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Torino, Italy (D.B.); Department of Neurosurgery, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Torino, Italy (P.P.); Radiotherapy Unit, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Torino, Italy (A.M.); Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy (M.L.G., A.C.); Department of Neuro-oncology, Ospedale Pediatrico Meyer, Firenze, Italy (I.S.); Neurosurgery Unit, Ospedale Pediatrico Meyer, Firenze, Italy (L.G.); Pediatric Oncology Unit, Padova University, Padova, Italy (E.V.); Radiotherapy Department, IOV-IRCCS, Padova, Italy (G.S.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Careggy Hospital, Firenze, Italy (S.S.); Pathology Unit, Careggy Hospital, Firenze, Italy (A.B.); Department of Pediatric Radiotherapy, CRO, Aviano, Italy (M.M.); Department of Pediatric Oncology, Ospedale Santobono-Pausillipon, Napoli, Italy (L.Q.); Neurosurgery Unit, Ospedale Santobono-Pausillipon, Napoli, Italy (G.C.); Department of Radiation Oncology, IRCCS San Martino IST, National Cancer Research Institute, Ge
authors.forename: Francesca R
authors.initials: FR
authors.lastname: Buttarelli
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (M.M., L.B., V.B., E.S.); Department of Medical Statistics, Biometry, and Bioinformatics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (R.M.); Pediatric Radiotherapy, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (L.G., E.P., B.D.); Department of Radiology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (G.C.); Department of Radiological, Oncological, and Anatomo-Pathological Sciences, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy (F.G., M.A.); Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy (F.R.B.); IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy (F.G.); Laboratory of Genetics, Pathology Unit, S. Anna General Hospital, Como, Italy (P.M.); Neurosurgery Department, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy (P.F., L.V.); Pathology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy (B.P.); Department of Pediatric Onco-Hematology, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Torino, Italy (D.B.); Department of Neurosurgery, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Torino, Italy (P.P.); Radiotherapy Unit, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Torino, Italy (A.M.); Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy (M.L.G., A.C.); Department of Neuro-oncology, Ospedale Pediatrico Meyer, Firenze, Italy (I.S.); Neurosurgery Unit, Ospedale Pediatrico Meyer, Firenze, Italy (L.G.); Pediatric Oncology Unit, Padova University, Padova, Italy (E.V.); Radiotherapy Department, IOV-IRCCS, Padova, Italy (G.S.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Careggy Hospital, Firenze, Italy (S.S.); Pathology Unit, Careggy Hospital, Firenze, Italy (A.B.); Department of Pediatric Radiotherapy, CRO, Aviano, Italy (M.M.); Department of Pediatric Oncology, Ospedale Santobono-Pausillipon, Napoli, Italy (L.Q.); Neurosurgery Unit, Ospedale Santobono-Pausillipon, Napoli, Italy (G.C.); Department of Radiation Oncology, IRCCS San Martino IST, National Cancer Research Institute, Ge
authors.forename: Bianca
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Pollo
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (M.M., L.B., V.B., E.S.); Department of Medical Statistics, Biometry, and Bioinformatics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (R.M.); Pediatric Radiotherapy, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (L.G., E.P., B.D.); Department of Radiology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (G.C.); Department of Radiological, Oncological, and Anatomo-Pathological Sciences, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy (F.G., M.A.); Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy (F.R.B.); IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy (F.G.); Laboratory of Genetics, Pathology Unit, S. Anna General Hospital, Como, Italy (P.M.); Neurosurgery Department, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy (P.F., L.V.); Pathology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy (B.P.); Department of Pediatric Onco-Hematology, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Torino, Italy (D.B.); Department of Neurosurgery, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Torino, Italy (P.P.); Radiotherapy Unit, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Torino, Italy (A.M.); Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy (M.L.G., A.C.); Department of Neuro-oncology, Ospedale Pediatrico Meyer, Firenze, Italy (I.S.); Neurosurgery Unit, Ospedale Pediatrico Meyer, Firenze, Italy (L.G.); Pediatric Oncology Unit, Padova University, Padova, Italy (E.V.); Radiotherapy Department, IOV-IRCCS, Padova, Italy (G.S.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Careggy Hospital, Firenze, Italy (S.S.); Pathology Unit, Careggy Hospital, Firenze, Italy (A.B.); Department of Pediatric Radiotherapy, CRO, Aviano, Italy (M.M.); Department of Pediatric Oncology, Ospedale Santobono-Pausillipon, Napoli, Italy (L.Q.); Neurosurgery Unit, Ospedale Santobono-Pausillipon, Napoli, Italy (G.C.); Department of Radiation Oncology, IRCCS San Martino IST, National Cancer Research Institute, Ge
authors.forename: Lorenza
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gandola
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D059186:Chemoradiotherapy, Adjuvant / Q000379:methods* / Q000401:mortality; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003520:Cyclophosphamide / Q000008:administration & dosage; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D004806:Ependymoma / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D005047:Etoposide / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008297:Male; D019635:Neurosurgical Procedures / Q000379:methods* / Q000401:mortality; D011878:Radiotherapy; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014750:Vincristine / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D014750:Vincristine; D005047:Etoposide; D003520:Cyclophosphamide
keywords: boost; ependymoma; grade; prognosis; surgery