title: A Review on Microdialysis Calibration Methods: the Theory and Current Related Efforts.
abstract: Microdialysis is a sampling technique first introduced in the late 1950s. Although this technique was originally designed to study endogenous compounds in animal brain, it is later modified to be used in other organs. Additionally, microdialysis is not only able to collect unbound concentration of compounds from tissue sites; this technique can also be used to deliver exogenous compounds to a designated area. Due to its versatility, microdialysis technique is widely employed in a number of areas, including biomedical research. However, for most in vivo studies, the concentration of substance obtained directly from the microdialysis technique does not accurately describe the concentration of the substance on-site. In order to relate the results collected from microdialysis to the actual in vivo condition, a calibration method is required. To date, various microdialysis calibration methods have been reported, with each method being capable to provide valuable insights of the technique itself and its applications. This paper aims to provide a critical review on various calibration methods used in microdialysis applications, inclusive of a detailed description of the microdialysis technique itself to start with. It is expected that this article shall review in detail, the various calibration methods employed, present examples of work related to each calibration method including clinical efforts, plus the advantages and disadvantages of each of the methods.
authors.affiliation: Structural Materials Niche Area, School of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Engineering Campus, 14300, Nibong Tebal, Penang, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Chun Min
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Kho
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering Technology, Faculty of Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Level 1, Block S2, Uniciti Alam Campus, 02100 Sg Chuchuh, Padang Besar, Perlis, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Siti Kartini
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Enche Ab Rahim
authors.affiliation: Structural Materials Niche Area, School of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Engineering Campus, 14300, Nibong Tebal, Penang, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Zainal Arifin
authors.initials: ZA
authors.lastname: Ahmad
authors.affiliation: Structural Materials Niche Area, School of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Engineering Campus, 14300, Nibong Tebal, Penang, Malaysia. azhar.abdullah@usm.my.
authors.forename: Norazharuddin Shah
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Abdullah
mesh_terms: D002138:Calibration; D017551:Microdialysis / Q000379:methods*; D012015:Reference Standards
keywords: Absolute recovery; Calibration method; Microdialysis; Relative recovery