title: Serum and Hair Mineral Levels in Children with Failure to Thrive According to the Type of Feeding Difficulties.
abstract: This study evaluated serum and hair mineral and trace element levels as well as levels of other nutritional factors affecting growth and appetite in young children with non-organic failure to thrive (NOFTT) based on the presence or types of feeding difficulty (FD). Between August 2012 and July 2015, 136 children less than 6 years of age with NOFTT were included. FD was diagnosed based on Wolfson criteria and divided into subtypes according to Chatoor's classification. Clinical data were reviewed, and serum and hair mineral levels were measured. Of all assessed serum and hair minerals, only hair sulfur contents differed significantly between subjects with and without infantile anorexia (39,392 ± 2211 vs. 40,332 ± 2551 μg/g, P = 0.034). There were no differences in serum and hair mineral levels between children with and without sensory food aversion. Hair copper contents were significantly lower in children with FD of reciprocity (12.3 ± 6.0 vs. 22.4 ± 25.1 μg/g, P = 0.049). While hair zinc contents were also lower, the difference was not statistically significant (49.2 ± 26.8 vs. 70.6 ± 41.0 μg/g, P = 0.055). Only hair manganese contents were significantly lower in children with posttraumatic FD (0.12 ± 0.04 vs. 0.26 ± 0.73 μg/g, P = 0.037). In conclusion, there were no differences in most serum and hair mineral levels in children with NOFTT, except for relatively lower hair levels of sulfur, copper and possibly zinc, and manganese in infantile anorexia, reciprocity, and posttraumatic types of FD, respectively.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea.
authors.forename: Eun Hye
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea. hryang@snubh.org.|Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea. hryang@snubh.org.
authors.forename: Hye Ran
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D000855:Anorexia / Q000378:metabolism*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005183:Failure to Thrive / Q000378:metabolism*; D019959:Feeding and Eating Disorders of Childhood / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006197:Hair / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008903:Minerals / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D008903:Minerals
keywords: Child; Failure to thrive; Feeding difficulty; Hair mineral; Trace element