title: The haptoglobin 2-2 genotype is associated with inflammation and carotid artery intima-media thickness.
abstract: The haptoglobin 2-2 genotype is associated with atherosclerosis in type 2 diabetes mellitus. We examined the associations of the haptoglobin 2-2 genotype with C-reactive protein (high-sensitivity C-reactive protein) and carotid artery intima-media thickness, adjusting for age, gender, ethnicity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, smoking status, body mass index, blood pressure, glycated haemoglobin, non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and medications via logistic multivariate regression in 200 subjects (160 type 2 diabetes mellitus versus 40 healthy individuals). The prevalence of the haptoglobin 2-2 genotype was 58% (115/200), higher in the Indians than in Chinese (72% versus 45%, p = 0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that the haptoglobin 2-2 genotype was associated with high-sensitivity C-reactive protein [mean: 3.5 ± 3.9 versus 2.2 ± 2.6 mg/L (non-haptoglobin 2-2), p < 0.001], haptoglobin concentration [mean: 116.9 ± 54.4.0 versus 147.2 ± 54.5 mg/dL (non-haptoglobin 2-2), p < 0.001] and average carotid artery intima-media thickness (multiplied by 10) [6.15 ± 1.22 versus 5.98 ± 1.20 mm (non-haptoglobin 2-2), p = 0.013]. This pilot study shows an association of the haptoglobin 2-2 genotype with low-grade inflammation, haptoglobin concentration and carotid artery intima-media thickness in multi-ethnic Singapore.
authors.affiliation: Endocrinology Department, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore Metabolic Medicine Research Program, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore rinkoo_dalan@ttsh.com.sg.
authors.forename: Rinkoo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dalan
authors.affiliation: Endocrinology Department, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore.
authors.forename: Huiling
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Liew
authors.affiliation: Clinical Research and Innovation Office, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore.
authors.forename: Liuh Ling
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Goh
authors.affiliation: Clinical Research and Innovation Office, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore.
authors.forename: Xiao
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: Endocrinology Department, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore.
authors.forename: Daniel Ek
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Chew
authors.affiliation: Endocrinology Department, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore Metabolic Medicine Research Program, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.
authors.forename: Bernhard O
authors.initials: BO
authors.lastname: Boehm
authors.affiliation: Endocrinology Department, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore Metabolic Medicine Research Program, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, A*STAR, Singapore.
authors.forename: Melvin Khee Shing
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Leow
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D044466:Asian People / Q000235:genetics; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000032:analysis; D002340:Carotid Artery Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000208:ethnology / Q000235:genetics*; D059168:Carotid Intima-Media Thickness; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002681:China / Q000208:ethnology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D056726:Genetic Association Studies; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006242:Haptoglobins / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D007194:India / Q000208:ethnology; D007249:Inflammation / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000208:ethnology / Q000235:genetics*; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000097:blood; D008296:Malaysia / Q000208:ethnology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010641:Phenotype; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012307:Risk Factors; D012846:Singapore / Q000453:epidemiology; D044465:White People / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: C485359:HP protein, human; D006242:Haptoglobins; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D002097:C-Reactive Protein
keywords: C-reactive protein; Haptoglobin polymorphism; carotid atherosclerosis