title: Bisphenol A is associated with insulin resistance and modulates adiponectin and resistin gene expression in obese children.
abstract: Bisphenol A (BPA) exposure has been associated with increased incidence of diabetes and obesity in adults.
  
  
  
  To evaluate whether an association between BPA urinary levels and insulin resistance as well as adiponectin and resistin production and serum concentrations may occur in obese children.
  
  
  
  Clinical and biochemical features of 141 obese children were collected. Serum resistin and adiponectin were evaluated. Insulin resistance and urinary BPA levels were assessed. Moreover, the effect of BPA on adiponectin and resistin gene expression in adipocytes from eight normal weight prepubertal children was investigated by quantitative real-time RT-PCR (qPCR).
  
  
  
  Direct association between BPA and homeostasis model assessment (r = 0.23; p: 0.0069) and a strong inverse association between BPA and adiponectin have been found (r = -0.48; p < 0.0001). In adipocytes, resistin expression was detected only after BPA treatment, while adiponectin expression resulted down-regulated after BPA exposure (p < 0.05 at both 10 and 100 nM BPA concentrations).
  
  
  
  We suggest the involvement of BPA in the development of insulin resistance in childhood obesity highlighting that urinary BPA levels are directly associated with insulin resistance regardless of BMI. This association may be explained, at least partly, by the findings that BPA affects resistin and adiponectin production in adipose tissue cultures.
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Medicine, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy.|National Laboratory on Endocrine Disruptors of the National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems, c/o Institute of Genetics and Biophysics - CNR, Naples, Italy.|Biophysics Laboratory, Institute of Genetics and Biophysics - CNR, Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Ciro
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Menale
authors.affiliation: Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Grandone
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Medicine, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy.|National Laboratory on Endocrine Disruptors of the National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems, c/o Institute of Genetics and Biophysics - CNR, Naples, Italy.|Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
authors.forename: Carla
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Nicolucci
authors.affiliation: Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Grazia
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cirillo
authors.affiliation: Gene Expression and Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources - CNR Naples, Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Stefania
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Crispi
authors.affiliation: Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Di Sessa
authors.affiliation: Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Pierluigi
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Marzuillo
authors.affiliation: Biophysics Laboratory, Institute of Genetics and Biophysics - CNR, Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Sergio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rossi
authors.affiliation: National Laboratory on Endocrine Disruptors of the National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems, c/o Institute of Genetics and Biophysics - CNR, Naples, Italy.|Biophysics Laboratory, Institute of Genetics and Biophysics - CNR, Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Damiano Gustavo
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Mita
authors.affiliation: National Laboratory on Endocrine Disruptors of the National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems, c/o Institute of Genetics and Biophysics - CNR, Naples, Italy.|Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Perrone
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Medicine, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy.|National Laboratory on Endocrine Disruptors of the National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems, c/o Institute of Genetics and Biophysics - CNR, Naples, Italy.|Biophysics Laboratory, Institute of Genetics and Biophysics - CNR, Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Nadia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Diano
authors.affiliation: National Laboratory on Endocrine Disruptors of the National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems, c/o Institute of Genetics and Biophysics - CNR, Naples, Italy.|Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Emanuele
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Miraglia Del Giudice
mesh_terms: D052242:Adiponectin / Q000378:metabolism*; D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000378:metabolism; D000293:Adolescent; D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000652:urine; D002648:Child; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression; D006801:Humans; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D063766:Pediatric Obesity / Q000235:genetics*; D010636:Phenols / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000652:urine; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D052243:Resistin / Q000378:metabolism*; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds
chemical_list: D052242:Adiponectin; D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds; D010636:Phenols; D052243:Resistin; C499918:ADIPOQ protein, human; C499624:RETN protein, human; C006780:bisphenol A; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds
keywords: Adipokines; bisphenol A; childhood obesity; insulin resistance