title: Causes of secondary hypertension in the young population: A monocentric study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the prevalence of different causes of hypertension in young adults referred to a hypertension center in the south west of France.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a retrospective overview of patients younger than 40years old hospitalized consecutively in the Hypertension department of Toulouse University Hospital between 2012 and 2014. Clinical data about gender, age, anthropomorphic parameters and blood pressure measurement by 24h Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring (ABPM) were recorded. Biological data concerned dosages of kalemia, renin and aldosterone in the supine or after 15min of seating. Recorded radiological examinations were renal artery ultrasound and abdominal CT scan.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One hundred and forty-eight detailed medical records were analyzed, 69 women and 79 men. Among the 69 women, the causes of secondary hypertension were primary aldosteronism (n=7), fibromuscular dysplasia (n=5) and renal disease (n=4). Oral contraceptives were involved in 13 women. In addition, essential hypertension concerned 40 women (58%). Among the 79 men, the causes of secondary hypertension were primary aldosteronism (n=10), fibromuscular dysplasia (n=3), left main renal artery entrapment by a diaphragmatic crura (n=2), renal disease (n=1), pheochromocytoma (n=3) and coarctation of the aorta (n=2). In addition, essential hypertension concerned 58 men (73%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In our population, the prevalence of secondary hypertension is close to 33% (42% of females and 27% of males), with the following main causes: primary aldosteronism for 11.5%; fibromuscular dysplasia for 5.4%. Oral contraceptives were involved in the hypertension of 19% of the females.
authors.affiliation: Hypertension department, Cardiovascular and metabolic center, Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse, France.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Noilhan
authors.affiliation: Hypertension department, Cardiovascular and metabolic center, Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse, France. Electronic address: med_barigou@yahoo.fr.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Barigou
authors.affiliation: Hypertension department, Cardiovascular and metabolic center, Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse, France.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bieler
authors.affiliation: Hypertension department, Cardiovascular and metabolic center, Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse, France.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Amar
authors.affiliation: Hypertension department, Cardiovascular and metabolic center, Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse, France.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Chamontin
authors.affiliation: Hypertension department, Cardiovascular and metabolic center, Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse, France.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bouhanick
mesh_terms: D000310:Adrenal Gland Neoplasms / Q000150:complications; D000328:Adult; D000450:Aldosterone / Q000097:blood; D001017:Aortic Coarctation / Q000150:complications; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D018660:Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D015992:Body Mass Index; D005260:Female; D005352:Fibromuscular Dysplasia / Q000150:complications; D005602:France / Q000453:epidemiology; D006785:Hospitals, University; D006801:Humans; D006929:Hyperaldosteronism / Q000150:complications*; D006973:Hypertension / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000150:complications*; D008297:Male; D010673:Pheochromocytoma / Q000150:complications; D012077:Renal Artery / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D012083:Renin / Q000097:blood; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D000450:Aldosterone; D012083:Renin
keywords: Causes; Contraception œstroprogestative; Diastolic blood pressure; Dysplasie fibromusculaire; Essential hypertension; Etiologies; Hyperaldostéronisme primaire; Hypertension secondaire; Jeune; Primary aldosteronism; Prévalence; Secondary aldosteronism; Systolic blood pressure; Young hypertension