title: Estimation of health and economic costs of air pollution over the Pearl River Delta region in China.
abstract: The Pearl River Delta region (PRD) is the economic growth engine of China and also one of the most urbanized regions in the world. As a two-sided sword, rapid economic development causes air pollution and poses adverse health effects to the citizens in this area. This work estimated the negative health effects in the PRD caused by the four major ambient pollutants (SO2, NO2, O3 and PM10) from 2010 to 2013 by using a log linear exposure-response function and the WRF-CMAQ modeling system. Economic loss due to mortality and morbidity was evaluated by the value of statistical life (VSL) and cost of illness (COI) methods. The results show that the overall possible short-term all-cause mortality due to NO2, O3 and PM10 reached the highest in 2013 with the values being 13,217-22,800. The highest total economic loss, which ranged from 14,768 to 25,305million USD, occurred in 2013 and was equivalent to 1.4%-2.3% of the local gross domestic product. The monthly profile of cases of negative health effects varied by city and the types of ambient pollutants. The ratio of mortality attributed to air pollutants to total population was higher in urban areas than in rural areas. People living in the countryside should consider the possible adverse health effects of urban areas before they plan a move to the city. The results show that the health burden caused by the ambient pollutants over this region is serious and suggest that tighter control policies should be implemented in the future to reduce the level of air pollution.
authors.affiliation: Division of Environment, Hong Kong University of Science & Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China.
authors.forename: Xingcheng
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Division of Environment, Hong Kong University of Science & Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China.
authors.forename: Teng
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.affiliation: Division of Environment, Hong Kong University of Science & Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China; Department of Mathematics, Hong Kong University of Science & Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China. Electronic address: majfung@ust.hk.
authors.forename: Jimmy C H
authors.initials: JCH
authors.lastname: Fung
authors.affiliation: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science & Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China.
authors.forename: Changqing
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lin
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000009:adverse effects; D000397:Air Pollution / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000554:Ambulatory Care Facilities / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000401:mortality*; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D018803:Models, Economic; D009017:Morbidity; D012140:Respiratory Tract Diseases / Q000401:mortality*; D012621:Seasons; D014507:Urbanization
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants
keywords: Air pollution; Economic loss; Negative health effect; Pearl River Delta; Urbanization