title: A clinical study of multimodal treatment for orbital organ preservation in locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinus.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of induction chemotherapy followed by concurrent chemotherapy and helical tomotherapy in patients with T4b squamous cell carcinoma of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinus in regard to orbital organ preservation and quality of life.
  
  
  METHODS
  Clinical data of 28 cases of patients with orbital involvement of T4b squamous cell carcinoma of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinus who received multimodal treatment for orbital organ preservation between May 2008 and September 2015 were retrospectively analysed. The treatment efficacy and side effects were assessed. The study included 18 male and 10 female patients. All patients were treated with induction chemotherapy followed by concurrent chemoradiotherapy and/or epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitor. Helical tomotherapy was applied as radiotherapy. Adverse reactions to the chemotherapy were assessed according to Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events, Version 4. The overall survival rate, local control rate and rate of effective orbital preservation were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All patients completed the planned chemotherapy, and 27 (96.4%) of the patients completed the planned radiotherapy cycle. After the multimodal treatment, the 3-year overall survival, local control rate and rate of effective orbital preservation of the patients were 59.2%, 80.2% and 77.8%, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Multimodal treatment could preserve the orbital organs of patients with T4b squamous cell carcinoma of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinus, achieve relatively ideal organ protection and survival rates and improve the quality of life of patients with advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinus, thus providing a new treatment option for these patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing.
authors.forename: Nan-Xiang
authors.initials: NX
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing.
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing.
authors.forename: Jia-Ling
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, PR China.
authors.forename: Jin-Yuan
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing.
authors.forename: Fang
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, PR China.
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing xinxinzhang66@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Xin-Xin
authors.initials: XX
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D059248:Chemoradiotherapy; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D006257:Head / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006801:Humans; D060828:Induction Chemotherapy; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D007637:Keratoconjunctivitis / Q000209:etiology; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D009669:Nose Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D009926:Organ Preservation; D010255:Paranasal Sinus Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011788:Quality of Life; D050397:Radiotherapy, Intensity-Modulated; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors
keywords: helical tomotherapy; multimodal treatment; nose neoplasms; orbital organ preservation; squamous cell neoplasms