title: Premenstrual dysphoric disorder in medical students residing in hostel and its association with lifestyle factors.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There is scant research on premenstrual syndrome (PMS) and its more severe counterpart, premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) in Indian females. This study aimed to evaluate symptoms of PMS in medical students and to find the association of sociodemographic variables and lifestyle factors with PMDD.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 179 medical students residing in the hostel of an Indian medical college and its affiliated teaching hospital were approached, of which 100 (55.8%) returned the completed questionnaires. Data related to lifestyle factors was collected. Self-screening quiz for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-IV-Text Revision PMDD and Shortened Premenstrual Assessment Form were used for diagnosis of PMDD and detection of symptomatology, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  PMDD was present in 37% of the respondents. It was found at a higher rate in older and postgraduate students. PMDD was significantly associated with lifestyle factors, namely, sleep, physical activity, total tea/coffee intake, and change in tea/coffee and food intake under stress. The most common physical and psychological symptoms were body ache/joint pain and feeling depressed/blue, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PMDD is fairly common in Indian medical students residing in hostel although cultural factors may influence symptom expression. This study suggests that PMDD is associated with lifestyle factors in young, professional, urban women. Modification in lifestyle may thus be an important approach for management of PMS/PMDD. Prospective studies with larger representative samples are needed to validate these findings.
authors.affiliation: Swastik Hospital and Polyclinic, Vadodara, India.
authors.forename: Amrita
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mishra
authors.affiliation: Neuron Psychological Care Center, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
authors.forename: Girish
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Banwari
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Priyanka
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Yadav
keywords: India; lifestyle factors; medical students; premenstrual dysphoric disorder