title: The genome and transcriptome of Phalaenopsis yield insights into floral organ development and flowering regulation.
abstract: The Phalaenopsis orchid is an important potted flower of high economic value around the world. We report the 3.1 Gb draft genome assembly of an important winter flowering Phalaenopsis 'KHM190' cultivar. We generated 89.5 Gb RNA-seq and 113 million sRNA-seq reads to use these data to identify 41,153 protein-coding genes and 188 miRNA families. We also generated a draft genome for Phalaenopsis pulcherrima 'B8802,' a summer flowering species, via resequencing. Comparison of genome data between the two Phalaenopsis cultivars allowed the identification of 691,532 single-nucleotide polymorphisms. In this study, we reveal that the key role of PhAGL6b in the regulation of labellum organ development involves alternative splicing in the big lip mutant. Petal or sepal overexpressing PhAGL6b leads to the conversion into a lip-like structure. We also discovered that the gibberellin pathway that regulates the expression of flowering time genes during the reproductive phase change is induced by cool temperature. Our work thus depicted a valuable resource for the flowering control, flower architecture development, and breeding of the Phalaenopsis orchids.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Industry, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Jian-Zhi
authors.initials: JZ
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Yourgene Bioscience, Shu-Lin District, New Taipei City, Taiwan.|Department of Biotechnology, School of Health Technology, Ming Chuan University, Gui Shan District, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chih-Peng
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Industry, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Ting-Chi
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Industry, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Ya-Wen
authors.initials: YW
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Industry, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yi-Jung
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Tsai
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Industry, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Shu-Yun
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-1028-3839
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Industry, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yi-Wen
authors.initials: YW
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Yourgene Bioscience, Shu-Lin District, New Taipei City, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chueh-Pai
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Yourgene Bioscience, Shu-Lin District, New Taipei City, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Wan-Chia
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.affiliation: Yourgene Bioscience, Shu-Lin District, New Taipei City, Taiwan.|Faculty of Veterinary Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: Bill Chia-Han
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Industry, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Shih-Wen
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Chin
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Industry, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chen-Yu
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-2807-176X
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Industry, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Fure-Chyi
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Chen
keywords: Draft genome; Flower organ development; Flowering time; PhAGL6b; Phalaenopsis