title: The simple neuroendocrine-immune regulatory network in oyster Crassostrea gigas mediates complex functions.
abstract: The neuroendocrine-immune (NEI) regulatory network is a complex system, which plays an indispensable role in the immunity of the host. In the present study, the bioinformatical analysis of the transcriptomic data from oyster Crassostrea gigas and further biological validation revealed that oyster TNF (CgTNF-1 CGI_10018786) could activate the transcription factors NF-κB and HSF (heat shock transcription factor) through MAPK signaling pathway, and then regulate apoptosis, redox reaction, neuro-regulation and protein folding in oyster haemocytes. The activated immune cells then released neurotransmitters including acetylcholine, norepinephrine and [Met(5)]-enkephalin to regulate the immune response by arising the expression of three TNF (CGI_10005109, CGI_10005110 and CGI_10006440) and translocating two NF-κB (Cgp65, CGI_10018142 and CgRel, CGI_10021567) between the cytoplasm and nuclei of haemocytes. Neurotransmitters exhibited the immunomodulation effects by influencing apoptosis and phagocytosis of oyster haemocytes. Acetylcholine and norepinephrine could down-regulate the immune response, while [Met(5)]-enkephalin up-regulate the immune response. These results suggested that the simple neuroendocrine-immune regulatory network in oyster might be activated by oyster TNF and then regulate the immune response by virtue of neurotransmitters, cytokines and transcription factors.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China.|University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
authors.forename: Zhaoqun
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China.|Key Laboratory of Mariculture &Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China.
authors.forename: Lingling
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China.
authors.forename: Zhi
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China.|University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China.
authors.forename: Mengqiang
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China.
authors.forename: Hao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China.
authors.forename: Zhanhui
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Hou
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China.
authors.forename: Dahai
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China.
authors.forename: Qiang
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Mariculture &Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China.
authors.forename: Linsheng
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Song
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D049896:Crassostrea / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics*; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling / Q000379:methods; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D000076249:Heat Shock Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics*; D006434:Hemocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System / Q000187:drug effects; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000235:genetics*; D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents / Q000235:genetics*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction / Q000187:drug effects; D010587:Phagocytosis; D017510:Protein Folding / Q000187:drug effects; D017423:Sequence Analysis, RNA / Q000379:methods; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000076249:Heat Shock Transcription Factors; D016328:NF-kappa B; D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha