title: Schoolchildren's antioxidation genotypes are susceptible factors for reduced lung function and airway inflammation caused by air pollution.
abstract: We recently reported the relationship between exposure to ambient air pollutants and changes in lung function and nasal inflammation among schoolchildren. A study was conducted to investigate whether antioxidation genotypes influence these associations.
  
  
  
  A follow-up study of 97 schoolchildren was conducted in New Taipei City, Taiwan. A structured respiratory health questionnaire was administered in September 2007, followed by monthly spirometry and measurement of nasal inflammation from October 2007 to November 2009. During the study period, complete daily monitoring data for air pollutants were obtained from the Environmental Protection Administration monitoring station and Aerosol Supersite. The genotypes of glutathione S-transferase (GST) subunits M1, T1, P1 and superoxide dismutases subunit 2 (SOD2) were characterized. Mixed-effects models were used, adjusting for known confounders.
  
  
  
  GSTM1 null children had significant PM2.5-related increment in leukocyte (8.52%; 95% confidence interval (CI): 3.13-13.92%) and neutrophil (9.68%; 95% CI: 4.51-14.85%) in nasal lavage. Ozone levels were significantly and inversely associated with forced expiratory flow at 25% of forced vital capacity (FEF25%) (-0.43L/s; 95% CI: -0.58,-0.28L/s) in SOD2 Ala16 variant children.
  
  
  
  In this longitudinal study of schoolchildren. Our data provide evidence that antioxidation genotype modifies the airway inflammation caused by PM2.5. Antioxidation genotype also acts as an effect modifier, but not strong, in ozone-related small airway function response.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, National Taiwan University (NTU) College of Medicine and NTU Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Bing-Yu
authors.initials: BY
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, National Taiwan University (NTU) College of Medicine and NTU Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chi-Hsien
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, National Taiwan University (NTU) College of Medicine and NTU Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yu-Chen
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Chuang
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health & Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Ho
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Environmental Epidemiology Group, School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.
authors.forename: Yasushi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Honda
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institute, Zhunan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Hung-Che
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Chiang
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, National Taiwan University (NTU) College of Medicine and NTU Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institute, Zhunan, Taiwan. Electronic address: leonguo@ntu.edu.tw.
authors.forename: Yue Leon
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Guo
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000633:toxicity*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D002648:Child; D002947:Cities; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005838:Genotype; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000235:genetics*; D019570:Inhalation Exposure; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction / Q000187:drug effects; D012129:Respiratory Function Tests; D012140:Respiratory Tract Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000235:genetics*; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D013624:Taiwan; D000099156:Superoxide Dismutase 2
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D000975:Antioxidants; D005982:Glutathione Transferase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D000099156:Superoxide Dismutase 2
keywords: Airway inflammation; Children; Glutathione S-transferase M1; Lung function; Ozone; Particulate matter of aerodynamic smaller than 2.5µm; Superoxide dismutases 2