title: The Effect of Ethanol Extract of Rose (Rosa damascena) on Intra-abdominal Adhesions After Laparotomy in Rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Abdominal adhesions are pathological connections in peritoneal surfaces that are created after abdominal surgery. The aim of this study was to evaluate the inhibitory effect of Rosa damascena extract on adhesions, considering the antioxidant properties of rose.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty healthy rats were divided into 3 groups: rats treated by 1% (A) and 5% (B) of R. damascena extract and the con- trol group (C). After administering anesthesia, the abdominal wall was opened and 3 shallow incisions (2 cm) were made on the right wall, and a 2 × 2 piece of peritoneal surface was removed on the left side of the abdominal wall. Then 3 mL of 1% (A) and 5% (B) R. damascena extract was administered into the abdominal cavity. The control group (C) received 3 mL of distilled water. The abdominal cavity was sutured, and a second laparotomy was carried out 14 days later to the created adhesions according to the Canbaz scale, and a histopathologic examination was also performed. All data was analyzed by SPSS volume 16 (Chicago, IL); P less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The amount of adhesion in group A was significantly lower than that of group C, 1.4 ± 1.265 versus 3 ± 0.816, (P = 0.007). The histological investigation also showed significant differences in the se- verity of fibrosis (P = 0.029) and inflammation (P = 0.009) between groups A and C; all rats in group B (5%) were found dead.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study indicated the use of R. damascena at a 1% level resulted in a remarkable decrease of intra-abdominal adhesions after laparotomy in rats. Further studies are necessary on this extract and its derivatives for treatment of such diseases in the human model.
authors.forename: Mehrdad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Karimi
authors.forename: Sayyed
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yazdan Asadi
authors.forename: Pouya
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Parsaei
authors.forename: Mahmoud
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rafieian-Kopaei
authors.forename: Hafez
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ghaheri
authors.forename: Sareh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ezzati
mesh_terms: D034861:Abdominal Wall; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology; D000431:Ethanol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007813:Laparotomy / Q000009:adverse effects; D008297:Male; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D027826:Rosa; D000267:Tissue Adhesions / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D010936:Plant Extracts; D000431:Ethanol