title: Polyionic hybrid nano-engineered systems comprising alginate and chitosan for antihypertensive therapeutics.
abstract: Hydrophobic nature of virtually all antihypertensive (AHT) drugs is the major hindrance towards their oral administration. Current study focuses on the development of polyionic hybrid nano drug delivery systems comprising sodium alginate and chitosan, loaded with distinct AHT drugs (captopril, amlodipine and valsartan). Encapsulation efficiency of hybrid NCS increased in the order of amlodipine>valsartan>captopril with average value of 42±0.9%, 91±1.5% and 96±1.9%, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy revealed hybrid NCS with smooth topography and round appearance in case of captopril. FTIR analysis confirmed the cross-linking between amino and carboxylate group of chitosan and alginate to form polyionic structures at nano-scale. Zeta-sizer experiments revealed that particle size distribution had increased from 197±12nm to 341±15nm for void and captopril loaded NCS. However, highly positive zeta potential of +32±1.6mV was not decreased significantly. In vitro sustained release assays reflected excellent retention of AHT drug in hybrid nanoparticles at 4°C and 37°C in physiological buffer, as less than 8% of the total drug was released in first 24h. Thus, carbohydrate-based hybrid NCS offering high loading capacity, stability and sustained release of hydrophobic drugs can be excellent alternative to current AHT therapeutics.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biosciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Park Road, Islamabad, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Taskeen
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Niaz
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences (SNS), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), H-12 Islamabad, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Habib
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nasir
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Space Technology, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Saima
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shabbir
authors.affiliation: Industrial Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Asma
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rehman
authors.affiliation: Department of Biosciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Park Road, Islamabad, Pakistan. Electronic address: m.imran@comsats.edu.pk.
authors.forename: Muhammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Imran
mesh_terms: D000464:Alginates / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D048271:Chitosan / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D004337:Drug Carriers / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D020723:Glucuronic Acid / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D006603:Hexuronic Acids / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D036103:Nanotechnology
chemical_list: D000464:Alginates; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D004337:Drug Carriers; D006603:Hexuronic Acids; D020723:Glucuronic Acid; D048271:Chitosan
keywords: Antihypertensive drugs; Polymeric hybrid nanoparticles; Sodium alginate and chitosan cross-linking