title: Effect of the Prophylactic Use of Proton-Pump Inhibitors on the Pattern of Gastrointestinal Symptoms in Patients Late After Kidney Transplant.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Although immunosuppressive drugs have been recognized as leading causes of gastrointestinal symptoms after kidney transplant, other widely used medications such as proton-pump inhibitors recently have been implicated. Our aim was to study the effects of chronic proton-pump inhibitor therapy on gastrointestinal symptoms in clinically stable patients late after kidney transplant.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study comprised 100 kidney transplant recipients (66 men and 34 women, mean age of 49 ± 12 y, mean time after transplant of 56 ± 46 mo). All patients completed the Gastrointestinal Symptoms Rating Scale and the Quality of Life Questionnaire SF-8 surveys.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The most commonly reported symptoms included borborygmus (27%), flatulence (23%), abdominal distension (18%), urgent need of defecation (17%), and heartburn, acid reflux, and eructation (13%). Proton-pump inhibitors were chronically used by 50% of patients and sporadically by 33%. Gastrointestinal Symptoms Rating Scale scores were higher in patients who used proton-pump inhibitors (mean score of 7.8 ± 5.5 vs 4.6 ± 3.0; P = .013). Total score of items representing diarrhea in the Gastrointestinal Symptoms Rating Scale (increased passage of stools, loose stools, urgent need of defecation, incomplete evacuation) was higher in patients treated with proton-pump inhibitors than in those not treated (2.3 ± 2.2 vs 1.3 ± 1.9; P = .04).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Chronic use of proton-pump inhibitors may increase the prevalence of gastrointestinal symptoms, particularly diarrhea, in patients late after kidney transplant.
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Nephrology, Hypertension and Kidney Transplantation, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.
authors.forename: Jerzy
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Królikowski
authors.forename: Ewa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Pawłowicz
authors.forename: Ewa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Budzisz
authors.forename: Michał
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nowicki
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D005767:Gastrointestinal Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000523:psychology; D006801:Humans; D016867:Immunocompromised Host; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011044:Poland / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D054328:Proton Pump Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D011788:Quality of Life; D012307:Risk Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D054328:Proton Pump Inhibitors