title: Visual outcomes and optical quality after implantation of a diffractive multifocal toric intraocular lens.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study evaluated the visual function after implantation of a multifocal toric intraocular lenses (IOLs).
  
  
  METHODS
  This study involved 10 eyes from eight cataract patients with corneal astigmatism of 1.0 diopter (D) or higher who had received phacoemulsification with implantation of an AcrySof IQ ReSTOR Toric IOL. Six-month evaluations included visual acuity, spherical equivalent (SE), defocus curve, residual astigmatism, IOL rotation, contrast sensitivity (CS), wavefront aberrations, modulation transfer function (MTF), and patient satisfaction assessments.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At 6 months postoperatively, uncorrected distance visual acuity (logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution) was 0.09 ± 0.04, corrected distance visual acuity was 0.02 ± 0.11, and uncorrected near visual acuity was 0.12 ± 0.07. The mean SE was -0.095 ± 0.394 D (±0.50 D in 90%). Refractive astigmatism at the 6-month follow-up visit was significantly reduced to 0.35 ± 0.32 D from 1.50 ± 0.41 D presurgery (P < 0.05). The mean IOL axis rotation was 3.20 ± 1.55°. Postoperative CS levels were high. Postoperative total order aberrations (TOAs), lower-order aberrations (LOAs), higher-order aberrations (HOAs), and spherical aberrations were decreased compared with preoperative values (P < 0.05). At 3 months postoperatively, TOAs, LOAs, and HOAs with a 3 mm pupil diameter as well as TOAs, LOAs, and astigmatism aberrations with a 5 mm pupil diameter were statistically lower than those at 1-month post surgery, but without subsequent significant changes (P > 0.05). There was an increase in MTF results between preoperative and postoperative evaluations at all spatial frequencies.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The diffractive multifocal toric IOL is able to provide a predictable astigmatic correction with apparently outstanding levels of optical quality after implantation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Geriatric Research Center, Nanjing 210002; Department of Ophthalmology, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, China.
authors.forename: Xiangfei
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Geriatric Research Center, Nanjing 210002, China.
authors.forename: Ming
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, China.
authors.forename: Yuhua
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, China.
authors.forename: Liping
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, China.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, China.
authors.forename: Zhenping
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Huang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001251:Astigmatism / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery; D002386:Cataract / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D015350:Contrast Sensitivity / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D019654:Lens Implantation, Intraocular / Q000379:methods*; D007910:Lenses, Intraocular; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D018918:Phacoemulsification / Q000379:methods*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011474:Prosthesis Design; D012029:Refraction, Ocular; D014792:Visual Acuity