title: NF-κB deregulation in Hodgkin lymphoma.
abstract: Hodgkin and Reed/Sternberg (HRS) cells in classical Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) show constitutive activity of both the canonical and non-canonical NF-κB signaling pathways. The central pathogenetic role of this activity is indicated from studies with HL cell lines, which undergo apoptosis upon NF-κB inhibition. Multiple factors contribute to the strong NF-κB activity of HRS cells. This includes interaction with other cells in the lymphoma microenvironment through CD30, CD40, BCMA and other receptors, but also recurrent somatic genetic lesions in various factors of the NF-κB pathway, including destructive mutations in negative regulators of NF-κB signaling (e.g. TNFAIP3, NFKBIA), and copy number gains of genes encoding positive regulators (e.g. REL, MAP3K14). In Epstein-Barr virus-positive cases of classical HL, the virus-encoded latent membrane protein 1 causes NF-κB activation by mimicking an active CD40 receptor. NF-κB activity is also seen in the tumor cells of the rare nodular lymphocyte predominant form of HL, but the causes for this activity are largely unclear.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), Medical Faculty, University of Duisburg-Essen, Virchowstr. 173, 45122 Essen, Germany.
authors.forename: Marc A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Weniger
authors.affiliation: Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), Medical Faculty, University of Duisburg-Essen, Virchowstr. 173, 45122 Essen, Germany. Electronic address: ralf.kueppers@uk-essen.de.
authors.forename: Ralf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Küppers
mesh_terms: D020031:Epstein-Barr Virus Infections / Q000378:metabolism; D006689:Hodgkin Disease / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D006801:Humans; D009154:Mutation; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000235:genetics; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D059016:Tumor Microenvironment
chemical_list: D016328:NF-kappa B; D014157:Transcription Factors
keywords: Epstein-Barr virus; Hodgkin lymphoma; NF-κB; TNFAIP3