title: Roles and Clinical Applications of OPG and TRAIL as Biomarkers in Cardiovascular Disease.
abstract: Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) remain the major cause of death and premature disability in Western societies. Assessing the risk of CVD is an important aspect in clinical decision-making. Among the growing number of molecules that are studied for their potential utility as CVD biomarkers, a lot of attention has been focused on osteoprotegerin (OPG) and its ligands, which are receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL) and TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand. Based on the existing literature and on our experience in this field, here we review what the possible roles of OPG and TRAIL in CVD are and their potential utility as CVD biomarkers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Cattinara Teaching Hospital, Strada di Fiume, 34149 Trieste, Italy.
authors.forename: Stella
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-7429-3075
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bernardi
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Cattinara Teaching Hospital, Strada di Fiume, 34149 Trieste, Italy.
authors.forename: Fleur
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bossi
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Cattinara Teaching Hospital, Strada di Fiume, 34149 Trieste, Italy.
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-6854-5782
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Toffoli
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Cattinara Teaching Hospital, Strada di Fiume, 34149 Trieste, Italy.
authors.forename: Bruno
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Fabris
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism*; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D053244:Osteoprotegerin / Q000378:metabolism*; D053245:RANK Ligand / Q000378:metabolism; D012306:Risk; D053221:TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D053244:Osteoprotegerin; D053245:RANK Ligand; D053221:TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand