title: Cadmium but not lead exposure affects Xenopus laevis fertilization and embryo cleavage.
abstract: Among the toxicological and ecotoxicological studies, few have investigated the effects on germ cells, gametes or embryos, while an impact at these stages will result in serious damage at a population level. Thus, it appeared essential to characterize consequences of environmental contaminant exposures at these stages. Therefore, we proposed to assess the effects of exposure to cadmium and lead ions, alone or in a binary mixture, on early stages of Xenopus laevis life cycle. Fertilization and cell division during segmentation were the studied endpoints. Cadmium ion exposures decreased in the fertilization rates in a concentration-dependent manner, targeting mainly the oocytes. Exposure to this metal ions induced also delays or blockages in the embryonic development. For lead ion exposure, no such effect was observed. For the exposure to the mixture of the two metal ions, concerning the fertilization success, we observed results similar to those obtained with the highest cadmium ion concentration.
authors.affiliation: Univ. Lille Nord de France, EA 4515 - LGCgE - Laboratoire Génie Civil et géo-Environnement, Université de Lille 1, Cité scientifique, SN3, F-59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France; Univ. Lille, CNRS, INRA, UMR 8576 - UGSF - Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, F-59000 Lille, France.
authors.forename: Sylvain
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Slaby
authors.affiliation: Univ. Lille Nord de France, EA 4515 - LGCgE - Laboratoire Génie Civil et géo-Environnement, Université de Lille 1, Cité scientifique, SN3, F-59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France.
authors.forename: Sébastien
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lemière
authors.affiliation: Univ. Lille, CNRS, INRA, UMR 8576 - UGSF - Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, F-59000 Lille, France.
authors.forename: Julie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hanotel
authors.affiliation: Univ. Lille, CNRS, INRA, UMR 8576 - UGSF - Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, F-59000 Lille, France.
authors.forename: Arlette
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lescuyer
authors.affiliation: Univ. Lille Nord de France, EA 4515 - LGCgE - Laboratoire Génie Civil et géo-Environnement, Université de Lille 1, Cité scientifique, SN3, F-59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France.
authors.forename: Sylvain
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Demuynck
authors.affiliation: Univ. Lille, CNRS, INRA, UMR 8576 - UGSF - Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, F-59000 Lille, France.
authors.forename: Jean-François
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Bodart
authors.affiliation: Univ. Lille Nord de France, EA 4515 - LGCgE - Laboratoire Génie Civil et géo-Environnement, Université de Lille 1, Cité scientifique, SN3, F-59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France.
authors.forename: Alain
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Leprêtre
authors.affiliation: Univ. Lille, CNRS, INRA, UMR 8576 - UGSF - Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, F-59000 Lille, France. Electronic address: matthieu.marin@univ-lille1.fr.
authors.forename: Matthieu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Marin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002104:Cadmium / Q000633:toxicity*; D047108:Embryonic Development / Q000187:drug effects*; D005306:Fertilization / Q000187:drug effects*; D005854:Germ Cells / Q000187:drug effects; D009865:Oocytes / Q000187:drug effects; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000633:toxicity; D014982:Xenopus laevis / Q000196:embryology / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D002104:Cadmium
keywords: Early development; Fertilization; Metals; Oocyte; Xenopus laevis