title: MALDI mass spectrometry imaging: A cutting-edge tool for fundamental and clinical histopathology.
abstract: Histopathological diagnoses have been done in the last century based on hematoxylin and eosin staining. These methods were complemented by histochemistry, electron microscopy, immunohistochemistry (IHC), and molecular techniques. Mass spectrometry (MS) methods allow the thorough examination of various biocompounds in extracts and tissue sections. Today, mass spectrometry imaging (MSI), and especially matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) imaging links classical histology and molecular analyses. Direct mapping is a major advantage of the combination of molecular profiling and imaging. MSI can be considered as a cutting edge approach for molecular detection of proteins, peptides, carbohydrates, lipids, and small molecules in tissues. This review covers the detection of various biomolecules in histopathological sections by MSI. Proteomic methods will be introduced into clinical histopathology within the next few years.
authors.affiliation: Proteopath GmbH, Trier, Germany.|Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, GIGA-Research, Department of Chemistry, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.
authors.forename: Rémi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Longuespée
authors.affiliation: Proteopath GmbH, Trier, Germany.
authors.forename: Rita
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Casadonte
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pathology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kriegsmann
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Experimental Pathology, GIGA-Cancer, Department of Pathology, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.
authors.forename: Charles
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pottier
authors.affiliation: Imabiotech, MALDI Imaging Service Department, Parc Eurasanté, Loos, France.
authors.forename: Gaël
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Picard de Muller
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Experimental Pathology, GIGA-Cancer, Department of Pathology, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Delvenne
authors.affiliation: Proteopath GmbH, Trier, Germany.|MVZ for Histology, Cytology and Molecular Diagnostics Trier, Trier, Germany.
authors.forename: Jörg
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kriegsmann
authors.affiliation: Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, GIGA-Research, Department of Chemistry, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.
authors.forename: Edwin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: De Pauw
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D006652:Histological Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D057054:Molecular Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D019032:Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization / Q000379:methods*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: Histology; Imaging; MALDI; Mass spectrometry; Omics; Pathology