title: The histologic features of intratubular germ cell neoplasia and its correlation with tumor behavior.
abstract: To assess the prevalence of intratubular germ cell neoplasia (ITGCN) in patients with concurrent testis tumor and its correlation with histologic features and serum tumor markers.
  
  
  
  From 2003 to 2015, 179 patients underwent radical orchiectomy due to testicular mass. Tissue specimens were evaluated by an expert uro-pathologist using immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining, in addition to light microscopy, to identify presence of ITGCN. Patients' demographic characteristics, histologic subtypes, pathologic stage of tumor and serum tumor markers were gathered and analyzed.
  
  
  
  Eighty-five out of 179 patients (47.5%) had concomitant ITGCN according to IHC staining. There was not statistically significant difference in histologic type, histologic components, cryptorchidism, and lymphovascular invasion between the 2 groups (p=0.151, p=0.11, p=0.233, p=0.413, and p=0.14, respectively). The prevalence of ITGCN was significantly higher in patients with stage T2 and T3 of tumor than those with stage T1. Elevated serum alpha feto protein level is much common in patients with ITGCN (p<0.001).
  
  
  
  The prevalence of concurrent ITGCN in our region is lower than previous data from western countries. ITGCN is more common in higher tumor stages and is accompanied with elevated serum alpha feto protein levels before surgery. Presence of ITGCN in adjacent tissue may suggest a negative cancer behavior.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.; Urology and Nephrology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Abbas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Basiri
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Saeed
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Movahhed
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Mahmood
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Parvin
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Maziar
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Salimi
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.; Urology and Nephrology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Gholam Hossein
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Rezaeetalab
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000097:blood; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007492:Iran / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D009373:Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology*; D009919:Orchiectomy; D011230:Precancerous Conditions / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology*; D015995:Prevalence; D018239:Seminoma / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D013736:Testicular Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D055815:Young Adult; D000509:alpha-Fetoproteins / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D000509:alpha-Fetoproteins
keywords: Germ cell and embryonal neoplasms; Seminoma; Testicular neoplasms