title: Cardiovascular disease risk scores' relationship to subclinical cardiovascular disease among HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected men.
abstract: To study cardiovascular disease risk score utility, we compared the association between Framingham Risk Score (FRS)/pooled cohort equation (PCE) categories and coronary artery plaque presence by HIV serostatus and evaluated whether D : A : D risk category more accurately identifies plaque in HIV-infected men.
  
  
  
  Cross-sectional analysis within a substudy of the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study.
  
  
  
  Cardiac computed tomography was performed to assess coronary plaque. We evaluated the association of plaque with increasing cardiovascular disease risk score category, stratified by HIV serostatus, using logistic regression. Receiver operating characteristic curves compared the discrimination of the scores for plaque by HIV serostatus. The sensitivity and specificity of the risk scores were compared in HIV-infected men.
  
  
  
  The risk score category - plaque associations were stronger among HIV-uninfected men than HIV-infected men, except for noncalcified plaque. For example, the odds of coronary artery calcium more than 0 were 7.03 (95% confidence interval 4.21, 11.76) times greater among men in the PCE high-risk versus low-risk category among HIV-uninfected men, compared with just 3.13 (95% confidence interval 2.13, 4.61) times greater among men in the high-risk versus low-risk category among HIV-infected men. Among HIV-infected men, high-risk category by PCE identified the greatest percentage of men with plaque/stenosis, but with lower specificity than D : A : D and FRS. The prevalence of coronary artery calcium more than 0 among men in the PCE low-risk category was 26.5% (HIV-uninfected men) and 36.0% (HIV-infected men).
  
  
  
  FRS and PCE categories associate with plaque burden better in HIV-uninfected men. No risk score delivered both high sensitivity and specificity among HIV-infected men.
authors.affiliation: aDepartment of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine bDepartment of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland cDivision of Infectious Diseases, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois dDepartment of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania eLos Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California, USA. *Anne K. Monroe and Sabina A. Haberlen contributed equally to the study.
authors.forename: Anne K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Monroe
authors.forename: Sabina A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Haberlen
authors.forename: Wendy S
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Post
authors.forename: Frank J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Palella
authors.forename: Lawrence A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Kinsgley
authors.forename: Mallory D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Witt
authors.forename: Matthew
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Budoff
authors.forename: Lisa P
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Jacobson
authors.forename: Todd T
authors.initials: TT
authors.lastname: Brown
mesh_terms: D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*; D003331:Coronary Vessels / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003661:Decision Support Techniques; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D058226:Plaque, Atherosclerotic / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D012372:ROC Curve; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014056:Tomography, X-Ray