title: Absolute and relative educational inequalities in depression in Europe.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate (1) the size of absolute and relative educational inequalities in depression, (2) their variation between European countries, and (3) their relationship with underlying prevalence rates.
  
  
  METHODS
  Analyses are based on the European Social Survey, rounds three and six (N = 57,419). Depression is measured using the shortened Centre of Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale. Education is coded by use of the International Standard Classification of Education. Country-specific logistic regressions are applied.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Results point to an elevated risk of depressive symptoms among the lower educated. The cross-national patterns differ between absolute and relative measurements. For men, large relative inequalities are found for countries including Denmark and Sweden, but are accompanied by small absolute inequalities. For women, large relative and absolute inequalities are found in Belgium, Bulgaria, and Hungary. Results point to an empirical association between inequalities and the underlying prevalence rates. However, the strength of the association is only moderate.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This research stresses the importance of including both measurements for comparative research and suggests the inclusion of the level of population health in research into inequalities in health.
authors.affiliation: Department of Sociology, HeDeRa (Health and Demographic Research), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium. pieter.dudal@ugent.be.
authors.forename: Pieter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Dudal
authors.affiliation: Department of Sociology, HeDeRa (Health and Demographic Research), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
authors.forename: Piet
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bracke
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D003863:Depression / Q000453:epidemiology*; D004522:Educational Status; D005060:Europe / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D014943:Global Health; D054624:Health Status Disparities; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D017678:Sex Distribution
keywords: Comparative research; Depressive symptoms; Educational inequalities; Europe