title: Prospects for Creation of Cardioprotective and Antiarrhythmic Drugs Based on Opioid Receptor Agonists.
abstract: It has now been demonstrated that the μ, δ1 , δ2 , and κ1 opioid receptor (OR) agonists represent the most promising group of opioids for the creation of drugs enhancing cardiac tolerance to the detrimental effects of ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). Opioids are able to prevent necrosis and apoptosis of cardiomyocytes during I/R and improve cardiac contractility in the reperfusion period. The OR agonists exert an infarct-reducing effect with prophylactic administration and prevent reperfusion-induced cardiomyocyte death when ischemic injury of heart has already occurred; that is, opioids can mimic preconditioning and postconditioning phenomena. Furthermore, opioids are also effective in preventing ischemia-induced arrhythmias.
authors.affiliation: Research Institute for Cardiology, Tomsk, Russia.
authors.forename: Leonid N
authors.initials: LN
authors.lastname: Maslov
authors.affiliation: School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
authors.forename: Igor
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Khaliulin
authors.affiliation: VA Medical Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY.
authors.forename: Peter R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Oeltgen
authors.affiliation: Research Institute for Cardiology, Tomsk, Russia.
authors.forename: Natalia V
authors.initials: NV
authors.lastname: Naryzhnaya
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Jian-Ming
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Pei
authors.affiliation: VA Medical Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY.
authors.forename: Stephen A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.affiliation: Research Institute for Cardiology, Tomsk, Russia.|National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, 634050, Tomsk, Russia.
authors.forename: Yury B
authors.initials: YB
authors.lastname: Lishmanov
authors.affiliation: University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL.
authors.forename: James M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Downey
mesh_terms: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D000889:Anti-Arrhythmia Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002316:Cardiotonic Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D055808:Drug Discovery; D006801:Humans; D011957:Receptors, Opioid / Q000819:agonists*
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D000889:Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; D002316:Cardiotonic Agents; D011957:Receptors, Opioid
keywords: cardioprotection; heart; ischemia/reperfusion injury; opioids; signal transduction