title: Hormonal activity, cytotoxicity and developmental toxicity of UV filters.
abstract: Ultraviolet (UV) filters are commonly used compounds in personal care products and polymer based materials, as they can absorb solar energy in the UVA and UVB spectrum. However, they are able to bind to hormone receptors and have several and different types of hormonal activities determined by in vitro assays. One of the aims of this work was to measure the hormonal and cytotoxic activities of four frequently used UV filters using bioluminescence based yeast test organisms. Using Saccharomyces cerevisiae BLYES and BLYAS strains allowed the rapid and reliable detection of agonist and antagonist hormonal activities, whereas BLYR strain served to measure cytotoxicity. Results confirmed that all tested UV filters show multiple hormonal activities. Cytotoxicity is detected only in the case of benzophenone-3. Research data on the toxic effects of benzophenone-3, especially on aquatic organisms are scarce, so further investigations were carried out regarding its cytotoxic and teratogenic effects on bacteria and zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos, respectively. Results revealed the cytotoxicity of benzophenone-3 not only to yeasts but to bacteria, as well as its ability to influence zebrafish embryo hatching and development.
authors.affiliation: Szent István University, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Department of Environmental Safety and Ecotoxicology, 1 Páter K. St., Gödöllő 2100, Hungary.
authors.forename: Adrienn
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Balázs
authors.affiliation: Szent István University, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Department of Environmental Safety and Ecotoxicology, 1 Páter K. St., Gödöllő 2100, Hungary. Electronic address: krifaton.csilla@mkk.szie.hu.
authors.forename: Csilla
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Krifaton
authors.affiliation: Szent István University, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Department of Environmental Safety and Ecotoxicology, 1 Páter K. St., Gödöllő 2100, Hungary.
authors.forename: Ivett
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Orosz
authors.affiliation: Szent István University, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Department of Environmental Safety and Ecotoxicology, 1 Páter K. St., Gödöllő 2100, Hungary.
authors.forename: Sándor
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Szoboszlay
authors.affiliation: Szent István University, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Department of Aquaculture, 1 Páter K. St., Gödöllő 2100, Hungary.
authors.forename: Róbert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kovács
authors.affiliation: Szent István University, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Department of Aquaculture, 1 Páter K. St., Gödöllő 2100, Hungary.
authors.forename: Zsolt
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Csenki
authors.affiliation: Szent István University, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Department of Aquaculture, 1 Páter K. St., Gödöllő 2100, Hungary.
authors.forename: Béla
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Urbányi
authors.affiliation: Szent István University, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Department of Environmental Safety and Ecotoxicology, 1 Páter K. St., Gödöllő 2100, Hungary.
authors.forename: Balázs
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kriszt
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D059001:Aquatic Organisms / Q000187:drug effects; D001577:Benzophenones / Q000633:toxicity*; D004625:Embryo, Nonmammalian; D047108:Embryonic Development / Q000187:drug effects*; D006727:Hormone Antagonists; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000187:drug effects; D013473:Sunscreening Agents / Q000633:toxicity*; D015027:Zebrafish
chemical_list: D001577:Benzophenones; D006727:Hormone Antagonists; D013473:Sunscreening Agents; C005290:oxybenzone
keywords: Aliivibrio fischeri; Bioluminescence; Cytotoxicity; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; UV Filters; Zebrafish embryo toxicity test