title: Genome-wide characterization of soybean P 1B -ATPases gene family provides functional implications in cadmium responses.
abstract: The P1B-ATPase subfamily is an important group involved in transporting heavy metals and has been extensively studied in model plants, such as Arabidopsis thaliana and Oryza sativa. Emerging evidence indicates that one homolog in Glycine max is also involved in cadmium (Cd) stress, but the gene family has not been fully investigated in soybean.
  
  
  
  Here, we identified 20 heavy metal ATPase (HMA) family members in the soybean genome, presented as 10 paralogous pairs, which is significantly greater than the number in Arabidopsis or rice, and was likely caused by the latest whole genome duplication event in soybean. A phylogenetic analysis divided the 20 members into six groups, each having conserved or divergent gene structures and protein motif patterns. The integration of RNA-sequencing and qRT-PCR data from multiple tissues provided an overall expression pattern for the HMA family in soybean. Further comparisons of expression patterns and the single nucleotide polymorphism distribution between paralogous pairs suggested functional conservation and the divergence of HMA genes during soybean evolution. Finally, analyses of the HMAs expressed in response to Cd stress provided evidence on how plants manage Cd tolerance, at least in the two contrasting soybean genotypes examined.
  
  
  
  The genome-wide identification, chromosomal distribution, gene structures, and evolutionary and expression analyses of the 20 HMA genes in soybean provide an overall insight into their potential involvement in Cd responses. These results will facilitate further research on the HMA gene family, and their conserved and divergent biological functions in soybean.
authors.affiliation: Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, Guangdong Sub-center of National Center for Soybean Improvement, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China.|State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Institute of Genetics, Institute of Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China.
authors.forename: Xiaolong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.affiliation: College of Life Sciences, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, 464000, Henan, China.
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, Guangdong Sub-center of National Center for Soybean Improvement, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China.
authors.forename: Xiaojuan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Deng
authors.affiliation: Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, Guangdong Sub-center of National Center for Soybean Improvement, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China.
authors.forename: Peng
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, Guangdong Sub-center of National Center for Soybean Improvement, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China.
authors.forename: Qibin
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, Guangdong Sub-center of National Center for Soybean Improvement, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China.
authors.forename: Hai
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nian
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Institute of Genetics, Institute of Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China. yx_wang@fudan.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Yingxiang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, Guangdong Sub-center of National Center for Soybean Improvement, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China. ycy@scau.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Cunyi
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D000251:Adenosine Triphosphatases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D020816:Amino Acid Motifs; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000235:genetics; D002104:Cadmium / Q000378:metabolism*; D002874:Chromosome Mapping; D032461:Chromosomes, Plant; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D030561:Databases, Nucleic Acid; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D018745:Genome, Plant; D055106:Genome-Wide Association Study; D019216:Metals, Heavy / Q000378:metabolism; D005810:Multigene Family; D012275:Oryza / Q000235:genetics; D010802:Phylogeny; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013025:Glycine max / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D013312:Stress, Physiological
chemical_list: D019216:Metals, Heavy; D002104:Cadmium; D000251:Adenosine Triphosphatases
keywords: Cadmium; Expression analysis; HMA; P1B-ATPase; Phylogenetic analysis; Soybean