title: Imidacloprid Exposure Suppresses Neural Crest Cells Generation during Early Chick Embryo Development.
abstract: Imidacloprid is a neonicotinoid pesticide that is widely used in the control pests found on crops and fleas on pets. However, it is still unclear whether imidacloprid exposure could affect early embryo development-despite some studies having been conducted on the gametes. In this study, we demonstrated that imidacloprid exposure could lead to abnormal craniofacial osteogenesis in the developing chick embryo. Cranial neural crest cells (NCCs) are the progenitor cells of the chick cranial skull. We found that the imidacloprid exposure retards the development of gastrulating chick embryos. HNK-1, PAX7, and Ap-2α immunohistological stainings indicated that cranial NCCs generation was inhibited after imidacloprid exposure. Double immunofluorescent staining (Ap-2α and PHIS3 or PAX7 and c-Caspase3) revealed that imidacloprid exposure inhibited both NCC proliferation and apoptosis. In addition, it inhibited NCCs production by repressing Msx1 and BMP4 expression in the developing neural tube and by altering expression of EMT-related adhesion molecules (Cad6B, E-Cadherin, and N-cadherin) in the developing neural crests. We also determined that imidacloprid exposure suppressed cranial NCCs migration and their ability to differentiate. In sum, we have provided experimental evidence that imidacloprid exposure during embryogenesis disrupts NCCs development, which in turn causes defective cranial bone development.
authors.affiliation: Division of Histology & Embryology, Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Medical College, Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632, China.
authors.forename: Chao-Jie
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Division of Histology & Embryology, Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Medical College, Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632, China.
authors.forename: Guang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Division of Histology & Embryology, Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Medical College, Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632, China.
authors.forename: Xiao-Yu
authors.initials: XY
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Division of Histology & Embryology, Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Medical College, Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632, China.
authors.forename: Meng
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Dundee , Dundee, DD1 5EH, U.K.
authors.forename: Manli
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chuai
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education, School of Biomedical Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin, Hong Kong.
authors.forename: Kenneth Ka Ho
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences , Beijing 100012, China.
authors.forename: Xiao-Song
authors.initials: XS
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: Division of Pathophysiology, Medical College, Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632, China.
authors.forename: Da-Xiang
authors.initials: DX
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Division of Histology & Embryology, Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Medical College, Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632, China.
authors.forename: Xuesong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D030161:Avian Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D055415:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 4 / Q000235:genetics; D015820:Cadherins / Q000235:genetics; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002642:Chick Embryo / Q000187:drug effects; D005775:Gastrula / Q000187:drug effects / Q000503:physiopathology; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental / Q000187:drug effects; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000633:toxicity*; D007306:Insecticides / Q000633:toxicity; D051957:MSX1 Transcription Factor / Q000235:genetics; D000073943:Neonicotinoids; D009432:Neural Crest / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D054259:Neural Tube / Q000187:drug effects; D009574:Nitro Compounds / Q000633:toxicity*; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000187:drug effects; D012886:Skull / Q000196:embryology
chemical_list: D030161:Avian Proteins; D055415:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 4; D015820:Cadherins; D007093:Imidazoles; D007306:Insecticides; D051957:MSX1 Transcription Factor; D000073943:Neonicotinoids; D009574:Nitro Compounds; C094293:cad6B protein, Gallus gallus; C082359:imidacloprid
keywords: apoptosis; cell proliferation; cranial neural crest cells; imidacloprid; osteogenesis