title: Travel Mode Detection with Varying Smartphone Data Collection Frequencies.
abstract: Smartphones are becoming increasingly popular day-by-day. Modern smartphones are more than just calling devices. They incorporate a number of high-end sensors that provide many new dimensions to smartphone experience. The use of smartphones, however, can be extended from the usual telecommunication field to applications in other specialized fields including transportation. Sensors embedded in the smartphones like GPS, accelerometer and gyroscope can collect data passively, which in turn can be processed to infer the travel mode of the smartphone user. This will solve most of the shortcomings associated with conventional travel survey methods including biased response, no response, erroneous time recording, etc. The current study uses the sensors' data collected by smartphones to extract nine features for classification. Variables including data frequency, moving window size and proportion of data to be used for training, are dealt with to achieve better results. Random forest is used to classify the smartphone data among six modes. An overall accuracy of 99.96% is achieved, with no mode less than 99.8% for data collected at 10 Hz frequency. The accuracy is observed to decrease with decrease in data frequency, but at the same time the computation time also decreases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Transportation Engineering and Management, University of Engineering and Technology, GT Road, Lahore 54890, Pakistan. awais@bin.t.u-tokyo.ac.jp.|Transportation Research and Infrastructure Planning Laboratory, Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan. awais@bin.t.u-tokyo.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Muhammad Awais
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Shafique
authors.affiliation: Transportation Research and Infrastructure Planning Laboratory, Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan. hato@bin.t.u-tokyo.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Eiji
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hato
keywords: classification; moving window; random forest; smartphone; travel mode