title: Bioavailability of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) to short-neck clam (Paphia undulata) from sediment matrices in mudflat ecosystem of the west coast of Peninsular Malaysia.
abstract: The bioaccumulation and bioavailability of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were characterized in sediment and Paphia undulata (short-neck clam) from six mudflat areas in the west coasts of Peninsular Malaysia. The concentrations of total PAHs varied from 357.1 to 6257.1 and 179.9 ± 7.6 to 1657.5 ± 53.9 ng g-1dry weight in sediment and short-neck clam samples, respectively. PAHs can be classified as moderate to very high level of pollution in sediments and moderate to high level of pollution in short-neck clams. The diagnostic ratios of individual PAHs and principal component analysis indicate both petrogenic and pyrogenic sources with significant dominance of pyrogenic source. The first PAHs biota-sediment accumulation factors and relative biota-sediment accumulation factors data for short-neck clam were obtained in this study, indicating a preferential accumulation of lower molecular weight PAHs. Evaluation of PAH levels in sediments and short-neck clams indicates that short-neck clam could be introduced as a good biomonitor in mudflats. The results also demonstrated that under environmental conditions, the sedimentary load of hydrocarbons appears to be one of the factors controlling their bioavailability to biota.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Environmental Studies, Environmental Forensics Research Center (ENFORCE), Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia. mkf1759@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Mehrzad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Keshavarzifard
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Environmental Studies, Environmental Forensics Research Center (ENFORCE), Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.|Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences (IOES), University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Mohamad Pauzi
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Zakaria
authors.affiliation: School of Biological Science, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Minden, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Tan Shau
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Hwai
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001682:Biological Availability; D049872:Bivalvia / Q000378:metabolism*; D017753:Ecosystem; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D008296:Malaysia; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*
chemical_list: D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical
keywords: Bioavailability; Biomonitor; Mudflat ecosystem; Paphia undulata (short-neck clam); Peninsular Malaysia; Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)