title: [Drug tolerance and PFGE molecular typing of Salmonella paratyphi A isolated in Dengfeng, Henan province, 2009-2015].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the drug tolerance and PFGE patterns of Salmonella(S.)paratyphi A strains isolated from sentinel hospitals in Dengfeng, Henan province, during 2009-2015.
  
  
  METHODS
  Venous blood samples were collected from paratyphoid patients and cultured in double phase blood culture bottle. Suspicious strains were identified and used for Salomonella. O antigen and H1/2 phase flagellum-induced serum agglutination test with API20E biochemical systems and SSI Salmonella typing sera. According to Salmonella molecular typing and K-B drug susceptibility testing method published by PulseNet China bacterial infectious disease monitoring network and USA Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, we analyzed the drug susceptibility and PFGE molecule characteristics of S. paratyphi A strains isolated from the patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 126 strains of S. paratyphi A were isolated from 248 blood samples, the antigen modes of them were 1, 2, 12:a:-. The resistance rate of 126 strains of S. paratyphi A was 83.3% to ampicillin; 29.4% to ceftazidime, 31.2% to cefotaxime, 17.5% to cefepime; 62.6% to nalidixic acid; 19.3% to ciprofloxacin, 26.4% to norfloxacin; 22.8% to gentamicin, 47.9% to streptomycin; 19.2% to chloramphenicol, 24.2% to methicillin benzyl ammonium, 58.6% to compound sulfamethoxazole and 46.7% to tetracycline. The 126 strains of S. paratyphi A had different levels of resistance to 8 kinds of antibiotics, 109 strains were multidrug resistant(86.5%), 9 strains were resistant to 2-3 kinds of antibiotics(7.1%), 76 strains were resistant to 5-8 kinds of antibiotics(60.3%), 17 strains were resistant to 9-10 kinds of antibiotics(13.5%), 7 strains were resistant to 11-12 kinds of antibiotics(5.6%). The 126 strains of S. paratyphi A were divided into 14 molecular patterns by digestion with XbaⅠand pulsed field gel electrophoresis. The antibiotics resistance to third generation cephalosporin(CAZ, CTX), one generation and three generation of quinolones(NAL, CIP, NOR)and aminoglycosides antibiotics(STR)showed an upward trend. Each pattern contained 1-98 strains with similarity ranged from 64.10% to 100.00%. PTYA 1, 6, 9 and 10 were the main PFGE belt types.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The drug resistance of clinical isolates of S. paratyphi A was serious in Dengfeng, Henan province, PFGE patterns showed a diversity, but predominant patterns could also be found. The PFGE patterns of some strains had clustering and were related with their antidrug spectrums.
authors.affiliation: Pathogenic Microbiology Laboratory of Institute for Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Henan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhengzhou 450016, China.
authors.forename: J Y
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Laboratory Department, Dengfeng Prefecture Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Dengfeng 452470, China.
authors.forename: S Y
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Pathogenic Microbiology Laboratory of Institute for Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Henan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhengzhou 450016, China.
authors.forename: Y J
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Mu
authors.affiliation: Pathogenic Microbiology Laboratory of Institute for Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Henan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhengzhou 450016, China.
authors.forename: B F
authors.initials: BF
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Pathogenic Microbiology Laboratory of Institute for Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Henan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhengzhou 450016, China.
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Xia
authors.affiliation: Pathogenic Microbiology Laboratory of Institute for Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Henan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhengzhou 450016, China.
authors.forename: X Y
authors.initials: XY
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Pathogenic Microbiology Laboratory of Institute for Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Henan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhengzhou 450016, China.
authors.forename: B L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Xu
mesh_terms: D000372:Agglutination Tests; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000077723:Cefepime; D002511:Cephalosporins / Q000494:pharmacology; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics*; D004361:Drug Tolerance; D016521:Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field; D006801:Humans; D058889:Molecular Typing / Q000379:methods*; D010284:Paratyphoid Fever / Q000097:blood; D012482:Salmonella paratyphi A / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D013752:Tetracycline / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D002511:Cephalosporins; D000077723:Cefepime; D013752:Tetracycline