title: Prediction of soft tissue deformations after CMF surgery with incremental kernel ridge regression.
abstract: Facial soft tissue deformation following osteotomy is associated with the corresponding biomechanical characteristics of bone and soft tissues. However, none of the methods devised to predict soft tissue deformation after osteotomy incorporates population-based statistical data. The aim of this study is to establish a statistical model to describe the relationship between biomechanical characteristics and soft tissue deformation after osteotomy. We proposed an incremental kernel ridge regression (IKRR) model to accomplish this goal. The input of the model is the biomechanical information computed by the Finite Element Method (FEM). The output is the soft tissue deformation generated from the paired pre-operative and post-operative 3D images. The model is adjusted incrementally with each new patient's biomechanical information. Therefore, the IKRR model enables us to predict potential soft tissue deformations for new patient by using both biomechanical and statistical information. The integration of these two types of data is critically important for accurate simulations of soft-tissue changes after surgery. The proposed method was evaluated by leave-one-out cross-validation using data from 11 patients. The average prediction error of our model (0.9103mm) was lower than some state-of-the-art algorithms. This model is promising as a reliable way to prevent the risk of facial distortion after craniomaxillofacial surgery.
authors.affiliation: College of Mathematics and Statistics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; The Methodist Hospital Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
authors.forename: Binbin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
authors.forename: Guangming
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: The Methodist Hospital Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
authors.forename: James J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Xia
authors.affiliation: The Methodist Hospital Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
authors.forename: Peng
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.affiliation: Department of Computer Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
authors.forename: Horace H S
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Ip
authors.affiliation: Department of Computer Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
authors.forename: Qizhen
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: Hong Kong Dental Implant & Maxillofacial Centre, Hong Kong, China.
authors.forename: Philip K M
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Hong Kong Dental Implant & Maxillofacial Centre, Hong Kong, China.
authors.forename: Ben
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Chow
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA. Electronic address: xizhou@wakehealth.edu.
authors.forename: Xiaobo
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhou
mesh_terms: D003198:Computer Simulation; D005145:Face / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008954:Models, Biological; D010027:Osteotomy
keywords: Craniomaxillofacial surgery; Finite element method; Kernel ridge regression; Soft tissue deformation; Stress