title: Evaluating Crossbred Red Rice Variants for Postprandial Glucometabolic Responses: A Comparison with Commercial Varieties.
abstract: Consumption of white rice predisposes some Asian populations to increased risk of type 2 diabetes. We compared the postprandial glucometabolic responses to three newly-developed crossbred red rice variants (UKMRC9, UKMRC10, UKMRC11) against three selected commercial rice types (Thai red, Basmati white, Jasmine white) using 50-g carbohydrate equivalents provided to 12 normoglycaemic adults in a crossover design. Venous blood was drawn fasted and postprandially for three hours. Glycaemic (GI) and insulin (II) indices, incremental areas-under-the-curves for glucose and insulin (IAUCins), indices of insulin sensitivity and secretion, lactate and peptide hormones (motilin, neuropeptide-Y, orexin-A) were analyzed. The lowest to highest trends for GI and II were similar i.e., UKMRC9 < Basmati < Thai red < UKMRC10 < UKMRC11 < Jasmine. Postprandial insulinaemia and IAUCins of only UKMRC9 were significantly the lowest compared to Jasmine. Crude protein and fiber content correlated negatively with the GI values of the test rice. Although peptide hormones were not associated with GI and II characteristics of test rice, early and late phases of prandial neuropeptide-Y changes were negatively correlated with postprandial insulinaemia. This study indicated that only UKMRC9 among the new rice crossbreeds could serve as an alternative cereal option to improve diet quality of Asians with its lowest glycaemic and insulinaemic burden.
authors.affiliation: School of Healthcare Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, National University of Malaysia (UKM), Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia. jeremysch3232@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Chee-Hee
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Se
authors.affiliation: School of Healthcare Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, National University of Malaysia (UKM), Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia. cruise_chuah@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Khun-Aik
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Chuah
authors.affiliation: School of Environmental and Natural Resource Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, National University of Malaysia (UKM), Bangi, Selangor 43600, Malaysia. ankitta99@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Ankitta
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mishra
authors.affiliation: School of Environmental and Natural Resource Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, National University of Malaysia (UKM), Bangi, Selangor 43600, Malaysia. wicki@ukm.edu.my.
authors.forename: Ratnam
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wickneswari
authors.affiliation: School of Healthcare Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, National University of Malaysia (UKM), Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia. tilly_karu@yahoo.co.uk.
authors.forename: Tilakavati
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Karupaiah
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D003296:Cooking; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D003433:Crosses, Genetic; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D030841:Food, Genetically Modified; D038321:Glycemic Index; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood*; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000097:blood; D008296:Malaysia; D008297:Male; D009753:Nutritive Value; D012275:Oryza / Q000235:genetics*; D036361:Peptide Hormones / Q000097:blood; D030821:Plants, Genetically Modified; D019518:Postprandial Period; D013997:Time Factors; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D001786:Blood Glucose; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D007328:Insulin; D036361:Peptide Hormones; D019344:Lactic Acid
keywords: cross-breeding; glycaemic index; insulin resistance; peptide hormones; red rice