title: Unique and Overlapping Symptoms in Schizophrenia Spectrum and Dissociative Disorders in Relation to Models of Psychopathology: A Systematic Review.
abstract: Schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSDs) and dissociative disorders (DDs) are described in the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders (DSM-5) and tenth edition of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD-10) as 2 categorically distinct diagnostic categories. However, several studies indicate high levels of co-occurrence between these diagnostic groups, which might be explained by overlapping symptoms. The aim of this systematic review is to provide a comprehensive overview of the research concerning overlap and differences in symptoms between schizophrenia spectrum and DDs. For this purpose the PubMed, PsycINFO, and Web of Science databases were searched for relevant literature. The literature contained a large body of evidence showing the presence of symptoms of dissociation in SSDs. Although there are quantitative differences between diagnoses, overlapping symptoms are not limited to certain domains of dissociation, nor to nonpathological forms of dissociation. In addition, dissociation seems to be related to a history of trauma in SSDs, as is also seen in DDs. There is also evidence showing that positive and negative symptoms typically associated with schizophrenia may be present in DD. Implications of these results are discussed with regard to different models of psychopathology and clinical practice.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Psychology and Experimental Psychopathology, Rijksuniversiteit Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; s.b.renard@rug.nl.
authors.forename: Selwyn B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Renard
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Psychology and Experimental Psychopathology, Rijksuniversiteit Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Rafaele J C
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Huntjens
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Roudeboush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN.|Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN.
authors.forename: Paul H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Lysaker
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Moskowitz
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience, University of Groningen, BCN Neuroimaging Center (NIC), University Medical Center, Groningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: André
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Aleman
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Psychology and Experimental Psychopathology, Rijksuniversiteit Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.|Department of Psychotic Disorders, GGZ Noord-Drenthe, Assen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Gerdina H M
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Pijnenborg
mesh_terms: D004213:Dissociative Disorders / Q000145:classification / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D000067073:Psychological Trauma / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011618:Psychotic Disorders / Q000145:classification / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000145:classification / Q000503:physiopathology*
keywords: differential diagnosis; phenomenology; psychosis; schizotypy; trauma