title: Tetraspanin 7 autoantibodies in type 1 diabetes.
abstract: Autoantibodies to pancreatic beta cell proteins are markers of asymptomatic type 1 diabetes. The aim was to determine whether autoantibodies to the beta cell protein tetraspanin 7 would improve the ability to identify autoimmunity against pancreatic beta cells.
  
  
  
  Full length and external domain fragments of tetraspanin 7 were expressed as luciferase-tagged fusion proteins and used in immunoprecipitation assays to measure autoantibodies in samples from 363 patients with type 1 diabetes at onset of disease, 503 beta cell autoantibody negative first-degree relatives of patients, and 212 relatives with autoantibodies to insulin, glutamic acid decarboxylase, insulinoma antigen 2 or zinc transporter 8.
  
  
  
  Antibody binding was observed against the full length and external domains of tetraspanin 7, and was strongest against the full length protein. Autoantibodies that could be inhibited by untagged tetraspanin 7 were detected in 5 (1%) of 503 autoantibody negative relatives, 3 (3.2%) of 94 autoantibody negative patients, 95 (35.3%) of 269 autoantibody positive patients, 1 (1%) of 98 single autoantibody positive relatives and 25 (21.9%) of 114 multiple autoantibody positive relatives. Progression to diabetes did not differ between multiple autoantibody positive relatives with and without tetraspanin 7 autoantibodies.
  
  
  
  Tetraspanin 7 is an autoantigen in type 1 diabetes. Tetraspanin 7 autoantibodies are a marker of type 1 diabetes, but provide minor additional value to existing autoantibodies in identifying beta cell autoimmunity.
authors.affiliation: DFG Research Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 105, 01307, Dresden, Germany.
authors.forename: Denise
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Walther
authors.affiliation: DFG Research Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 105, 01307, Dresden, Germany.
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Eugster
authors.affiliation: Institute of Diabetes Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, and Forschergruppe Diabetes, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Neuherberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Sibille
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jergens
authors.affiliation: Forschergruppe Diabetes e.V., Neuherberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Anita
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gavrisan
authors.affiliation: Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Christina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Weinzierl
authors.affiliation: Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Tanja
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Telieps
authors.affiliation: Institute of Diabetes Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, and Forschergruppe Diabetes, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Neuherberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Christiane
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Winkler
authors.affiliation: Institute of Diabetes Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, and Forschergruppe Diabetes, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Neuherberg, Germany.|Forschergruppe Diabetes e.V., Neuherberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Anette G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Ziegler
authors.affiliation: DFG Research Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 105, 01307, Dresden, Germany. ezio.bonifacio@crt-dresden.de.|Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden, German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany. ezio.bonifacio@crt-dresden.de.
authors.forename: Ezio
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bonifacio
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000378:metabolism*; D027682:Cation Transport Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D002460:Cell Line; D002648:Child; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D005968:Glutamate Decarboxylase / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D047468:Immunoprecipitation; D008297:Male; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D010865:Pilot Projects; D054635:Receptor-Like Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases, Class 8 / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D059470:Tetraspanins / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D000075703:Zinc Transporter 8
chemical_list: D001323:Autoantibodies; D027682:Cation Transport Proteins; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; C492522:SLC30A8 protein, human; C404405:TSPAN7 protein, human; D059470:Tetraspanins; D000075703:Zinc Transporter 8; C516862:PTPRN protein, human; D054635:Receptor-Like Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases, Class 8; D005968:Glutamate Decarboxylase
keywords: Autoantibodies; Glima 38; Tetraspanin 7; Type 1 diabetes mellitus