title: RNA-Seq and iTRAQ Reveal the Dwarfing Mechanism of Dwarf Polish Wheat (Triticum polonicum L.).
abstract: The dwarfing mechanism of Rht-dp in dwarf Polish wheat (DPW) is unknown. Each internode of DPW was significantly shorter than it in high Polish wheat (HPW), and the dwarfism was insensitive to photoperiod, abscisic acid (ABA), gibberellin (GA), cytokinin (CK), auxin and brassinolide (BR). To understand the mechanism, three sets of transcripts, DPW, HPW, and a chimeric set (a combination of DPW and HPW), were constructed using RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq). Based on the chimeric transcripts, 2,446 proteins were identified using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ). A total of 108 unigenes and 12 proteins were considered as dwarfism-related differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and differentially expressed proteins (DEPs), respectively. Among of these DEGs and DEPs, 6 DEGs and 6 DEPs were found to be involved in flavonoid and S-adenosyl-methionine (SAM) metabolisms; 5 DEGs and 3 DEPs were involved in cellulose metabolism, cell wall plasticity and cell expansion; 2 DEGs were auxin transporters; 2 DEPs were histones; 1 DEP was a peroxidase. These DEGs and DEPs reduced lignin and cellulose contents, increased flavonoid content, possibly decreased S-adenosyl-methionine (SAM) and polyamine contents and increased S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine hydrolase (SAHH) content in DPW stems, which could limit auxin transport and reduce extensibility of the cell wall, finally limited cell expansion (the cell size of DPW was significantly smaller than HPW cells) and caused dwarfism in DPW.
authors.affiliation: 1. Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, Sichuan, China.
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: 1. Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, Sichuan, China.
authors.forename: Xue
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.affiliation: 1. Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, Sichuan, China.
authors.forename: Xiaolu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: 2. College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, Sichuan, China.
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zeng
authors.affiliation: 1. Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, Sichuan, China.
authors.forename: Houyang
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.affiliation: 1. Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, Sichuan, China.
authors.forename: Xing
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.affiliation: 1. Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, Sichuan, China.
authors.forename: Lina
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sha
authors.affiliation: 1. Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, Sichuan, China.
authors.forename: Haiqin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: 1. Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, Sichuan, China.
authors.forename: Yonghong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhou
mesh_terms: D000040:Abscisic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D060406:Brassinosteroids / Q000378:metabolism; D002482:Cellulose / Q000378:metabolism; D003583:Cytokinins / Q000378:metabolism; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000378:metabolism; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D005875:Gibberellins / Q000378:metabolism; D007210:Indoleacetic Acids / Q000378:metabolism; D018749:RNA, Plant / Q000032:analysis* / Q000235:genetics; D017423:Sequence Analysis, RNA / Q000379:methods*; D013260:Steroids, Heterocyclic / Q000378:metabolism; D014908:Triticum / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D060406:Brassinosteroids; D003583:Cytokinins; D005419:Flavonoids; D005875:Gibberellins; D007210:Indoleacetic Acids; D018749:RNA, Plant; D013260:Steroids, Heterocyclic; D000040:Abscisic Acid; D002482:Cellulose; C023623:brassinolide
keywords: RNA-Seq; cellulose.; dwarf Polish wheat; dwarfism; flavonoid; iTRAQ