title: Central blood pressures in early chronic kidney disease: an analysis of CARTaGENE.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Vascular stiffness and advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD) are strong determinants of higher central blood pressure (BP) and are associated with high cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Whether mild-to-moderate CKD is associated with higher central BP independently of other comorbid conditions remains uncertain.
  
  
  METHODS
  We evaluated the central hemodynamic profile [central systolic BP, central pulse pressure (PP), augmentation index, PP amplification, augmented pressure] of Stage 3 CKD patients and compared it with participants with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) >60 mL/min/1.73 m 2 in the CARTaGENE populational cohort through propensity score matching and multivariate regression analyses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 20 004 participants, 13 114 had valid pulse wave analysis and eGFRs >30 mL/min/1.73 m 2 , of which 515 had Stage 3 CKD. These 515 patients had significantly higher peripheral systolic BP (127 ± 16 versus 125 ± 15 mmHg, P = 0.01) and central PP (43.0 ± 11.4 versus 39.7 ± 10.0 mmHg, P <0.001) than the control group (eGFR >60 mL/min/1.73 m 2 ). Propensity score matching allowed the creation of 500 pairs with similar clinical characteristics. In this matched cohort, central BPs were similar in Stage 3 CKD patients compared with controls (central PP 42.9 ± 11.3 versus 43.7 ± 11.3 mmHg, P = 0.3). Multivariate analysis using data from all patients also found that the higher central hemodynamic readings found in Stage 3 CKD patients disappeared after adjusting for comorbid conditions. In a subset of 609 participants in whom albuminuria levels were measured, urine albumin excretion was not independently associated with higher central hemodynamic indices.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this large cohort from the general population, early CKD and albuminuria was not independently associated with detrimental central hemodynamic parameters.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.
authors.forename: Rémi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Goupil
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.
authors.forename: Dominique
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Dupuis
authors.affiliation: CHU de Québec, Hôtel-Dieu de Québec and Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.
authors.forename: Mohsen
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Agharazii
authors.affiliation: CHUM, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.
authors.forename: Pavel
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hamet
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.
authors.forename: Stéphan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Troyanov
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.
authors.forename: François
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Madore
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000419:Albuminuria / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D062186:Arterial Pressure; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004198:Disease Susceptibility; D005260:Female; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D057216:Propensity Score; D063177:Pulse Wave Analysis; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology*
keywords: albuminuria; central blood pressure; central pulse pressure; chronic kidney disease; pulse wave analysis