title: Associations of red and processed meat with survival among patients with cancers of the upper aerodigestive tract and lung.
abstract: The effect of red and processed meats on cancer survival is unclear. We sought to examine the role of total and processed red meat consumption on all-cause mortality among patients with cancers of the upper aerodigestive tract (UADT) and lung, in order to test our hypothesis that red or processed meat was associated with overall mortality in these patients. Using data from a population-based case-control study conducted in Los Angeles County, we conducted a case-only analysis to examine the association of red or processed meat consumption on mortality after 12 years of follow-up, using a diet history questionnaire. Cox regression was used to estimate adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs), adjusting for potential confounders. Of 601 UADT cancer cases and 611 lung cancer cases, there were 248 and 406 deaths, respectively, yielding crude mortality rates of 0.07 and 0.12 deaths per year. Comparing the highest with lowest quartile of red meat consumption, the adjusted HR was 1.64 (95% CI, 1.04-2.57) among UADT cancer cases; for red or processed meat, the adjusted HR was 1.76 (95% CI, 1.10-2.82). A dose-response trend was observed. A weaker association was observed with red meat consumption and overall mortality among lung cancer cases. In conclusion, this case-only analysis demonstrated that increased consumption of red or processed meats was associated with mortality among UADT cancer cases and WAS weakly associated with mortality among lung cancer cases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Fayth L
authors.initials: FL
authors.lastname: Miles
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Shen-Chih
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Departments of Epidemiology and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
authors.forename: Hal
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Morgenstern
authors.affiliation: Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Donald
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Tashkin
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Jian-Yu
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Rao
authors.affiliation: Departments of Preventive Medicine and Pathology, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Wendy
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Cozen
authors.affiliation: Departments of Preventive Medicine and Pathology, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mack
authors.affiliation: Center for Human Nutrition, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
authors.forename: Qing-Yi
authors.initials: QY
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Center for Human Nutrition, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA. Electronic address: zfzhang@ucla.edu.
authors.forename: Zuo-Feng
authors.initials: ZF
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015992:Body Mass Index; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004032:Diet; D004067:Digestive System Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D015141:Los Angeles; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality*; D008297:Male; D008461:Meat Products / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008875:Middle Aged; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D000069466:Red Meat / Q000009:adverse effects*; D012307:Risk Factors; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Cohort; Cox regression; Epidemiology; Lung cancer; Mortality; Red meat; UADT cancer