title: Cardiometabolic Health in Obese Adolescents Is Related to Length of Obesity Exposure: A Pilot Study.
abstract: Metabolically healthy obesity (MHO) is found in a subset of obese individuals.
  
  
  
  This study sought to examine possible determinants of MHO related to the length of exposure to obesity, lifestyle factors, and dietary intake in adolescent boys.
  
  
  
  This was a cross-sectional Childhood Obesity Prevalence And Treatment study. Participants and Main Measures: Of 313 boys age 13.0-17.9 years with a body mass index (BMI) ≥ 97th percentile for age, two study cohorts were established based on two definitions of metabolically unhealthy obesity (MUO). Cohort 1 included 18 boys with at least three risk factors (hypertension, dyslipidemia, dysglycemia) who were matched for age, weight, height, and BMI with 18 boys with MHO. Cohort 2 included 35 boys with at least two risk factors who were compared with 31 boys with MHO. MHO was defined by the absence of cardiometabolic risk factors (excluding waist). Data on lifestyle factors and BMI growth trajectories were compared (MHO vs MUO).
  
  
  
  Boys with MUO (Cohort 1) presented with an earlier onset (4.3 vs 9.1 y; P = .005) and a longer duration of obesity (11.2 vs 6.4 y; P = .003) compared with those with MHO in both group comparisons using different MUO definitions. We found an overall trend toward higher BMI z scores (significant from 3-7 y; P < .001) in metabolically unhealthy compared with their healthy counterparts (Cohort 1). Boys with MHO had higher carbohydrate intake (P < .001). No additional determinants of MHO were observed.
  
  
  
  Increased cardiometabolic risk in boys is related to an earlier onset and a longer duration of obesity.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Endocrinology (H.Z., V.H., I.A.-H.), Prague 1, Czech Republic 116 94; Department of Human Metabolism and Nutrition (R.W.), Hebrew University, Jerusalem 911 20, Israel; and Department of Pediatrics and Center for Research of Diabetes, Metabolism and Nutrition (I.A.-H.), Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague 10, Czech Republic 100 34.
authors.forename: Hana
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zamrazilova
authors.affiliation: Institute of Endocrinology (H.Z., V.H., I.A.-H.), Prague 1, Czech Republic 116 94; Department of Human Metabolism and Nutrition (R.W.), Hebrew University, Jerusalem 911 20, Israel; and Department of Pediatrics and Center for Research of Diabetes, Metabolism and Nutrition (I.A.-H.), Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague 10, Czech Republic 100 34.
authors.forename: Ram
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Weiss
authors.affiliation: Institute of Endocrinology (H.Z., V.H., I.A.-H.), Prague 1, Czech Republic 116 94; Department of Human Metabolism and Nutrition (R.W.), Hebrew University, Jerusalem 911 20, Israel; and Department of Pediatrics and Center for Research of Diabetes, Metabolism and Nutrition (I.A.-H.), Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague 10, Czech Republic 100 34.
authors.forename: Vojtech
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Hainer
authors.affiliation: Institute of Endocrinology (H.Z., V.H., I.A.-H.), Prague 1, Czech Republic 116 94; Department of Human Metabolism and Nutrition (R.W.), Hebrew University, Jerusalem 911 20, Israel; and Department of Pediatrics and Center for Research of Diabetes, Metabolism and Nutrition (I.A.-H.), Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague 10, Czech Republic 100 34.
authors.forename: Irena
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Aldhoon-Hainerová
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D017668:Age of Onset; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000378:metabolism; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D006801:Humans; D008019:Life Style; D008297:Male; D008659:Metabolic Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000378:metabolism; D000067329:Obesity, Metabolically Benign / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000378:metabolism*; D063766:Pediatric Obesity / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000378:metabolism*; D010865:Pilot Projects; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors