title: Split-time artificial insemination in beef cattle: I-Using estrous response to determine the optimal time(s) at which to administer GnRH in beef heifers and postpartum cows.
abstract: Two experiments evaluated timing of GnRH administration in beef heifers and cows on the basis of estrous status during split-time artificial insemination (AI) after controlled internal drug release (CIDR) based protocols. In experiment 1, estrus was synchronized for 816 pubertal and prepubertal or peripubertal heifers using the 14-day CIDR-PGF2α (PG) protocol, and in experiment 2, estrus was synchronized for 622 lactating cows using the 7-day CO-Synch + CIDR protocol. For both experiments, estrus detection aids (Estrotect) were applied at PG, with estrus recorded at 66 and 90 hours after PG. Treatments were balanced across locations for heifers using reproductive tract score and weight; whereas for cows, treatments were assigned and balanced to treatment according to age, body condition score, and days postpartum. Timing of AI for heifers and cows was on the basis of estrus expression 66 hours after PG. Females in each treatment that exhibited estrus before 66 hours were inseminated at 66 hours, whereas AI was delayed 24 hours until 90 hours after PG for females failing to exhibit estrus before 66 hours. Females in treatment one received GnRH 66 hours after PG irrespective of estrus expression; however, in treatment 2, GnRH was administered coincident with delayed AI only to females not detected in estrus at 66 hours after PG. Among heifers, there was no effect of treatment on overall estrous response (P = 0.49) or AI pregnancy rate (P = 0.54). Pregnancy rate for heifers inseminated at 66 hours was not influenced by GnRH (P = 0.65), and there were no differences between treatments in estrous response during the 24 hours delay period (P = 0.22). Cows in treatment 2 had a greater (P = 0.04) estrous response during the 24-hour delay period resulting in a greater overall estrous response (P = 0.04), but this did not affect AI pregnancy rate at 90 hours (P = 0.51) or total AI pregnancy rate (P = 0.89). Pregnancy rate resulting from AI for cows inseminated at 66 hours was not influenced by GnRH (P = 0.50). In summary, when split-time AI was used with the 14-day CIDR-PG protocol in heifers or the 7-day CO-Synch + CIDR protocol in cows, administration of GnRH at AI to females that exhibited estrus before 66 hours after PG was not necessary. Furthermore, among heifers for which AI was delayed on the basis of failure to exhibit estrus before 66 hours after PG, timing of GnRH (66 vs. 90 hours after PG) was more flexible. Delayed administration of GnRH to 90 hours after PG coincident with AI for cows that failed to exhibit estrus before 66 hours improved overall estrous response; however, in this study, a corresponding increase in pregnancy rate resulting from AI was not observed.
authors.affiliation: Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA; Department of Surgery and Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA.
authors.forename: B E
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Bishop
authors.affiliation: Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA.
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.affiliation: Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA; Department of Surgery and Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA.
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Abel
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery and Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA.
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Poock
authors.affiliation: Agriculture Experiment Station Statistician, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA.
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Ellersieck
authors.affiliation: Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA.
authors.forename: M F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.affiliation: Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA. Electronic address: pattersond@missouri.edu.
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Patterson
mesh_terms: D000282:Administration, Intravaginal; D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle / Q000502:physiology*; D015237:Dinoprost / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D004973:Estrus Synchronization; D005260:Female; D007987:Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007315:Insemination, Artificial / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D049590:Postpartum Period; D011247:Pregnancy; D011374:Progesterone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D007987:Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone; D011374:Progesterone; D015237:Dinoprost
keywords: Beef cow; Beef heifer; Estrus synchronization; Gonadotropin-releasing hormone; Split-time artificial insemination