title: Sero-epidemiological survey and risk factors associated with brucellosis in dogs in south-western Nigeria.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In Nigeria, there is limited information on brucellosis particularly in dogs, despite its public health implications. We undertook a sero-epidemiological survey of brucellosis in dogs to determine the prevalence of the disease and associated risk factors for its occurrence in Nigeria.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional study was conducted to screen dogs in south-western Nigeria for antibodies to Brucella sp using the rapid slide agglutination test (RSA) and Rose Bengal test (RBT), with positive samples confirmed respectively by serum agglutination test (SAT) and competitive enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (cELISA). Data were analyzed with STATA-12.
  
  
  RESULTS
  From the 739 dog sera tested, 81 (10.96%) were positive by RSA and 94 (12.72%) by RBT; these were corroborated with SAT (4/81; 4.94%) and cELISA (1/94; 1.06%), respectively. Logistic regression identified location (OR=0.04; 95% CI: 0.02-0.09), breed (OR=1.71; 95% CI: 1.34-2.19), age (OR=0.10; 95% CI: 0.04-0.30) and management system (OR=8.51; 95% CI: 1.07-68.05) as risk factors for Brucella infection by RSA. However, location (OR=10.83; 95% CI: 5.48-21.39) and history of infertility (OR=2.62; 95% CI: 1.41-4.84) were identified as risk factors using RBT.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Given the 10.96% to 12.72% seroprevalence of brucellosis recorded in this study, we advocate control of the disease in dogs, and public health education for those at risk of infection. Again, further studies are required to elucidate the role of dogs in the epidemiology of brucellosis in Nigeria considering the conducive human-animal interface and ecological factors responsible for the transmission of the disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Modupe Comfort
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Ayoola
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Akwoba Joseph
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Ogugua
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Victor Oluwatoyin
authors.initials: VO
authors.lastname: Akinseye
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Tunde Olu
authors.initials: TO
authors.lastname: Joshua
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Morenikeji Folusho
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Banuso
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Folashade Julianah
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Adedoyin
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Hezekiah Kehinde
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Adesokan
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Temidayo Olutayo
authors.initials: TO
authors.lastname: Omobowale
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
authors.forename: John Olusoji
authors.initials: JO
authors.lastname: Abiola
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Patricia Ihuaku
authors.initials: PI
authors.lastname: Otuh
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Helen Oyebukola
authors.initials: HO
authors.lastname: Nottidge
authors.affiliation: Department of Bacteriology, Animal & Plant Health Agency, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Emma-Jane
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Dale
authors.affiliation: Department of Bacteriology, Animal & Plant Health Agency, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Lorraine
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Perrett
authors.affiliation: Department of Bacteriology, Animal & Plant Health Agency, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.affiliation: Department of Bacteriology, Animal & Plant Health Agency, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Judy
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Stack
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Simeon Idowu Babalola
authors.initials: SI
authors.lastname: Cadmus
mesh_terms: D000372:Agglutination Tests; D000818:Animals; D002002:Brucella / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D002006:Brucellosis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000662:veterinary; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D004285:Dogs; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D009549:Nigeria / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012395:Rose Bengal; D016036:Seroepidemiologic Studies
chemical_list: D012395:Rose Bengal
keywords: Brucellosis; Nigeria; dogs; risk factors; sero-epidemiology