title: CONTINUOUS GLUCOSE MONITORING: A CONSENSUS CONFERENCE OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGISTS AND AMERICAN COLLEGE OF ENDOCRINOLOGY.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Barriers to continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) use continue to hamper adoption of this valuable technology for the management of diabetes. The American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists and the American College of Endocrinology convened a public consensus conference February 20, 2016, to review available CGM data and propose strategies for expanding CGM access.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Conference participants agreed that evidence supports the benefits of CGM in type 1 diabetes and that these benefits are likely to apply whenever intensive insulin therapy is used, regardless of diabetes type. CGM is likely to reduce healthcare resource utilization for acute and chronic complications, although real-world analyses are needed to confirm potential cost savings and quality of life improvements. Ongoing technological advances have improved CGM accuracy and usability, but more innovations in human factors, data delivery, reporting, and interpretation are needed to foster expanded use. The development of a standardized data report using similar metrics across all devices would facilitate clinician and patient understanding and utilization of CGM. Expanded CGM coverage by government and private payers is an urgent need.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CGM improves glycemic control, reduces hypoglycemia, and may reduce overall costs of diabetes management. Expanding CGM coverage and utilization is likely to improve the health outcomes of people with diabetes.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  A1C = glycated hemoglobin AACE = American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists ACE = American College of Endocrinology ASPIRE = Automation to Simulate Pancreatic Insulin Response CGM = continuous glucose monitoring HRQOL = health-related quality of life ICER = incremental cost-effectiveness ratio JDRF = Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation MARD = mean absolute relative difference MDI = multiple daily injections QALY = quality-adjusted life years RCT = randomized, controlled trial SAP = sensor-augmented pump SMBG = self-monitoring of blood glucose STAR = Sensor-Augmented Pump Therapy for A1C Reduction T1D = type 1 diabetes T2D = type 2 diabetes.
authors.forename: Vivian A
authors.initials: VA
authors.lastname: Fonseca
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Grunberger
authors.forename: Henry
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Anhalt
authors.forename: Timothy S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Bailey
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Blevins
authors.forename: Satish K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Garg
authors.forename: Yehuda
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Handelsman
authors.forename: Irl B
authors.initials: IB
authors.lastname: Hirsch
authors.forename: Eric A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Orzeck
authors.forename: Victor Lawrence
authors.initials: VL
authors.lastname: Roberts
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Tamborlane
mesh_terms: D015190:Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring / Q000592:standards; D032921:Consensus; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000097:blood*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood*; D004704:Endocrinology / Q000458:organization & administration / Q000592:standards*; D006801:Humans; D011788:Quality of Life