title: Skin diseases of the nose.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The goal of this study was to review the main lesion types of the nasal skin and appropriate treatment strategies rather than to present a comprehensive list of all diseases that affect the skin that can involve the nose.
  
  
  METHODS
  We reviewed the main nasal skin lesion types and available treatment strategies. Nasal skin lesions were classified as benign, premalignant, or malignant.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Benign lesions of the nose include nonmalignant tumoral lesions (i.e., freckles, comedo, adenoma sebaceum [Pringle disease], hydrocystoma, fibrous papules, sebaceous hyperplasia, and rhinophyma), autoimmune and inflammatory conditions (i.e., pemphigus, sarcoidosis, systemic lupus erythematosus, facial eosinophilic granuloma, rosacea, herpes zoster infection, leishmaniasis, and leprosy), and vascular lesions (i.e., telangiectasis, hemangioma, and spider nevus). Premalignant lesions are actinic keratosis and keratoacanthoma; and malignant tumors are melanoma, basal cell carcinoma, and squamous cell carcinoma. Regardless of whether or not they are malignant, all facial lesions can yield significant cosmetic discomfort that should be evaluated carefully before commencing any curative or corrective intervention. In general, benign lesions are treated with dermabrasive modalities, such as trichloroacetic acid, phenol, salicylate, and laser ablation. Electrocautery, cryosurgery, and surgical excision are also used, although these methods may result in scar formation, which can sometimes be more problematic than the original lesion itself.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Any disease that affects the skin, especially those diseases that are triggered by ultraviolet exposure, can involve the face and nose. Cosmetic defects due both to the lesion itself and the intervention must be discussed with the patient, preferably in the presence of a first-degree relative, before commencement of treatment. As a result of heterogeneity of skin lesions of the nose, appropriate education of general practitioners as well as otorhinolaryngologists is mandatory.
authors.affiliation: Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery Clinic, Bakirkoy Dr Sadi Konuk Research and Training Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ayse Pelin
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Yigider
authors.forename: Fatma Tulin
authors.initials: FT
authors.lastname: Kayhan
authors.forename: Ozgur
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Yigit
authors.forename: Ayse
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kavak
authors.forename: Cemal
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cingi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001327:Autoimmune Diseases / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D003452:Cryosurgery; D003869:Dermabrasion; D004564:Electrocoagulation; D006801:Humans; D009668:Nose Diseases / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D009669:Nose Neoplasms / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D011230:Precancerous Conditions / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D012871:Skin Diseases / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D014652:Vascular Diseases / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*