title: Euphorbia tirucalli modulates gene expression in larynx squamous cell carcinoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Some plants had been used in the treatment of cancer and one of these has attracted scientific interest, the Euphorbia tirucalli (E. tirucalli), used in the treatment of asthma, ulcers, warts has active components with activities scientifically proven as antimutagenic, anti-inflammatory and anticancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  We evaluate the influence of the antitumoral fraction of the E. tirucalli latex in the larynx squamous cell carcinoma (Hep-2), on the morphology, cell proliferation and gene expression. The Hep-2 cells were cultivated in complete medium (MEM 10 %) and treated with E. tirucalli latex for 1, 3, 5 and 7 days. After statistically analyzing the proliferation of the tested cells, the cells were cultivated again for RNA extraction and the Rapid Subtractive Hybridization (RaSH) technique was used to identify genes with altered expression. The genes found using the RaSH technique were analyzed by Gene Ontology (GO) using Ingenuity Systems.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The five genes found to have differential expression were validated by real-time quantitative PCR. Though treatment with E. tirucalli latex did not change the cell morphology in comparison to control samples, but the cell growth was significantly decreased. The RaSH showed change in the expression of some genes, including ANXA1, TCEA1, NGFRAP1, ITPR1 and CD55, which are associated with inflammatory response, transcriptional regulation, apoptosis, calcium ion transport regulation and complement system, respectively. The E. tirucalli latex treatment down-regulated ITPR1 and up-regulated ANXA1 and CD55 genes, and was validated by real-time quantitative PCR.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The data indicate the involvement of E. tirucalli latex in the altered expression of genes involved in tumorigenic processes, which could potentially be applied as a therapeutic indicator of larynx cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Letters and Science - IBILCE/UNESP, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Gabriela Bueno
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Franco-Salla
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Letters and Science - IBILCE/UNESP, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Janesly
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Prates
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Letters and Science - IBILCE/UNESP, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Laila Toniol
authors.initials: LT
authors.lastname: Cardin
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Medical, Foundation Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo - FCFRP/USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Anemari Ramos Dinarte
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Dos Santos
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Medical, Foundation Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo - FCFRP/USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Wilson Araújo da
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine of São José do Rio Preto - FAMERP, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Bianca Rodrigues
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: da Cunha
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine of São José do Rio Preto - FAMERP, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Eloiza Helena
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Tajara
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Letters and Science - IBILCE/UNESP, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Sonia Maria
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Oliani
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology and Animal Science, Faculty of Engineering of Ilha Solteira - FEIS/UNESP, Av. Brasil, 56, CEP: 15385-000, Ilha Solteira, São Paulo, Brazil. flavialisoni@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Flávia Cristina
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Rodrigues-Lisoni
mesh_terms: D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D063646:Carcinogenesis / Q000187:drug effects; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000188:drug therapy*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D028481:Euphorbia / Q000737:chemistry*; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000187:drug effects; D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D007822:Laryngeal Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D000077195:Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck
chemical_list: D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic
keywords: Cell culture; Differential gene expression; Quantitative PCR; Subtractive hybridization