title: Emotional Egocentricity Bias Across the Life-Span.
abstract: In our daily lives, we often have to quickly estimate the emotions of our conspecifics in order to have successful social interactions. While this estimation process seems quite easy when we are ourselves in a neutral or equivalent emotional state, it has recently been shown that in case of incongruent emotional states between ourselves and the others, our judgments can be biased. This phenomenon, introduced to the literature with the term Emotional Egocentricity Bias (EEB), has been found to occur in young adults and, to a greater extent, in children. However, how the EEB changes across the life-span from adolescence to old age has been largely unexplored. In this study, we recruited 114 female participants subdivided in four cohorts (adolescents, young adults, middle-aged adults, older adults) to examine EEB age-related changes. Participants were administered with a recently developed paradigm which, by making use of visuo-tactile stimulation that elicits conflicting feelings in paired participants, allows the valid and reliable exploration of the EEB. Results highlighted a U-shape relation between age and EEB, revealing enhanced emotional egocentricity in adolescents and older adults compared to young and middle-aged adults. These results are in line with the neuroscientific literature which has recently shown that overcoming the EEB is associated with a greater activation of a portion of the parietal lobe, namely the right Supramarginal Gyrus (rSMG). This is an area that reaches full maturation by the end of adolescence and goes through an early decay. Thus, the age-related changes of the EEB could be possibly due to the life-span development of the rSMG. This study is the first one to show the quadratic relation between age and the EEB and set a milestone for further research exploring the neural correlates of the life-span development of the EEB. Future studies are needed in order to generalize these results to the male population and to explore gender differences related to the aging of socio- emotional processes.
authors.affiliation: International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA-ISAS)Trieste, Italy; Department of Basic Psychological Research and Research Methods, Faculty of Psychology, Social, Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience Unit, University of ViennaVienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Federica
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Riva
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Gothenburg Gothenburg, Sweden.
authors.forename: Chantal
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Triscoli
authors.affiliation: Department of Basic Psychological Research and Research Methods, Faculty of Psychology, Social, Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience Unit, University of Vienna Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Claus
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lamm
authors.affiliation: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste Trieste, Italy.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Carnaghi
authors.affiliation: International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA-ISAS)Trieste, Italy; Department of Applied Psychology: Health, Development, Enhancement and Intervention, Faculty of Psychology, University of ViennaVienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Giorgia
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Silani
keywords: adolescence; aging; emotional egocentricity bias; empathy; life-span