title: Multivariate Statistical Analysis of Cigarette Design Feature Influence on ISO TNCO Yields.
abstract: The aim of this study is to explore how differences in cigarette physical design parameters influence tar, nicotine, and carbon monoxide (TNCO) yields in mainstream smoke (MSS) using the International Organization of Standardization (ISO) smoking regimen. Standardized smoking methods were used to evaluate 50 U.S. domestic brand cigarettes and a reference cigarette representing a range of TNCO yields in MSS collected from linear smoking machines using a nonintense smoking regimen. Multivariate statistical methods were used to form clusters of cigarettes based on their ISO TNCO yields and then to explore the relationship between the ISO generated TNCO yields and the nine cigarette physical design parameters between and within each cluster simultaneously. The ISO generated TNCO yields in MSS are 1.1-17.0 mg tar/cigarette, 0.1-2.2 mg nicotine/cigarette, and 1.6-17.3 mg CO/cigarette. Cluster analysis divided the 51 cigarettes into five discrete clusters based on their ISO TNCO yields. No one physical parameter dominated across all clusters. Predicting ISO machine generated TNCO yields based on these nine physical design parameters is complex due to the correlation among and between the nine physical design parameters and TNCO yields. From these analyses, it is estimated that approximately 20% of the variability in the ISO generated TNCO yields comes from other parameters (e.g., filter material, filter type, inclusion of expanded or reconstituted tobacco, and tobacco blend composition, along with differences in tobacco leaf origin and stalk positions and added ingredients). A future article will examine the influence of these physical design parameters on TNCO yields under a Canadian Intense (CI) smoking regimen. Together, these papers will provide a more robust picture of the design features that contribute to TNCO exposure across the range of real world smoking patterns.
authors.affiliation: Center for Tobacco Products, U.S. Food and Drug Administration , 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993, United States.
authors.forename: Kimberly A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Agnew-Heard
authors.affiliation: Center for Tobacco Products, U.S. Food and Drug Administration , 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993, United States.
authors.forename: Vicki A
authors.initials: VA
authors.lastname: Lancaster
authors.affiliation: National Center for Environmental Health, Centers For Disease Control and Prevention , 4770 Buford Highway, NE, Atlanta, Georgia 30341, United States.
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bravo
authors.affiliation: National Center for Environmental Health, Centers For Disease Control and Prevention , 4770 Buford Highway, NE, Atlanta, Georgia 30341, United States.
authors.forename: Clifford
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Watson
authors.affiliation: Center for Tobacco Products, U.S. Food and Drug Administration , 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993, United States.
authors.forename: Matthew J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Walters
authors.affiliation: Center for Tobacco Products, U.S. Food and Drug Administration , 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993, United States.
authors.forename: Matthew R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Holman
mesh_terms: D002248:Carbon Monoxide / Q000032:analysis / Q000592:standards; D007391:International Cooperation; D015233:Models, Statistical; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009538:Nicotine / Q000032:analysis / Q000592:standards; D012015:Reference Standards; D012906:Smoke / Q000032:analysis*; D013638:Tars / Q000032:analysis / Q000592:standards; D062789:Tobacco Products / Q000032:analysis* / Q000592:standards
chemical_list: D012906:Smoke; D013638:Tars; C024746:tobacco tar; D009538:Nicotine; D002248:Carbon Monoxide