title: Physical Pain and History of Suicidal Behaviors in Alcohol-Dependent Patients Entering Treatment in Poland.
abstract: Individuals with alcohol use disorders have been shown to be at increased risk for suicidal behaviors and chronic pain.
  
  
  
  The aim of this study was to conduct initial analyses of the association between current physical pain and the likelihood of suicidal behavior history in alcohol-dependent patients entering treatment in Poland.
  
  
  
  A sample of 366 (73.5% men and 26.5% women) participants were recruited from alcohol treatment centers in Warsaw, Poland. Information was obtained about a history of lifetime suicidal behavior, past 4-week pain level, demographics, social functioning, childhood abuse, depressive symptoms, severity of alcohol and sleep problems.
  
  
  
  A total of 118 individuals (32.2%) reported at least one suicidal behavior during their lifetime. In unadjusted analyses, there was a significant association between a history of lifetime suicidal behavior and a moderate or greater experience of physical pain during the last four weeks. Other variables that were significantly associated with suicidal behaviors were: younger age, history of childhood abuse, depressive symptoms, sleep problems, consequences of drinking, and lower social support. In the multivariate logistic regression analysis, only experience of moderate or greater pain, age, and depressive symptoms remained significantly associated with a history of suicidal behavior.
  
  
  
  The experience of physical pain is significantly associated with a lifetime history of suicidal behavior in alcohol-dependent patients. Clinicians should be aware of these associations when conducting assessments and treating alcohol use disorders.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Psychiatry , Medical University of Warsaw , Warsaw , Poland.
authors.forename: Andrzej
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jakubczyk
authors.affiliation: b Canandaigua VA Medical Center , VISN 2 Center of Excellence for Suicide Prevention , Canandaigua , New York, USA.
authors.forename: Lisham
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ashrafioun
authors.affiliation: c Department of Psychiatry , University of Michigan , Ann Arbor , Michigan, USA.
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ilgen
authors.affiliation: a Department of Psychiatry , Medical University of Warsaw , Warsaw , Poland.
authors.forename: Maciej
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kopera
authors.affiliation: a Department of Psychiatry , Medical University of Warsaw , Warsaw , Poland.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Klimkiewicz
authors.affiliation: a Department of Psychiatry , Medical University of Warsaw , Warsaw , Poland.
authors.forename: Aleksandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Krasowska
authors.affiliation: a Department of Psychiatry , Medical University of Warsaw , Warsaw , Poland.
authors.forename: Malgorzata
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Solowiej
authors.affiliation: c Department of Psychiatry , University of Michigan , Ann Arbor , Michigan, USA.
authors.forename: Kirk J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Brower
authors.affiliation: a Department of Psychiatry , Medical University of Warsaw , Warsaw , Poland.
authors.forename: Marcin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wojnar
mesh_terms: D000437:Alcoholism; D002648:Child; D002649:Child Abuse; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010146:Pain; D011044:Poland; D012307:Risk Factors; D059020:Suicidal Ideation; D013406:Suicide, Attempted
keywords: Alcohol dependence; childhood abuse; depressive symptoms; physical pain; suicidal behavior