title: The Face Transplantation Update: 2016.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Ten years after the first face transplantation, the available data in peer-reviewed literature, various media outlets, and recent specialty meetings and courses are conflicting and inconsistently reported. The purpose of this study was to consolidate the available data by means of multiple sources to reflect an accurate and current state of facial vascularized composite allotransplantation as of December of 2015.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using applied search terms pertaining to face transplantation, a systematic PubMed search, Google search, and review of Plastic Surgery Education Network News Connection e-mailed newsletters were performed, and data presented at three meetings (i.e., the most recent American Society of Reconstructive Transplantation biennial meeting, the American Society of Reconstructive Microsurgery annual meeting, and the biennial AO North America State of the Art: Face Reconstruction and Transplantation course) were consolidated to capture the most contemporary and accurate data in face transplantation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 37 face transplants have been performed (20 partial and 17 full face) from 2005 to December of 2015. A discrepancy between actual transplantations performed and peer-reviewed reports exists at multiple time points, with a propensity for underreporting. Ten cases were described through media outlets but were not reported by the surgical teams in peer-reviewed literature. Two clinical cases were not described in peer-reviewed literature or media. There have been a total of five deaths, and posttransplant malignancy and revision surgery have been underreported.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This serves as the most contemporary and all-inclusive face transplantation review. There is a critical need for timely reporting and outcome transparency in the reconstructive transplant community.
  
  
  METHODS
  Therapeutic, V.
authors.affiliation: New York, N.Y.|From the Hansjörg Wyss Department of Plastic Surgery, New York University Langone Medical Center.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sosin
authors.affiliation: New York, N.Y.|From the Hansjörg Wyss Department of Plastic Surgery, New York University Langone Medical Center.
authors.forename: Eduardo D
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: Rodriguez
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002423:Cause of Death; D054445:Facial Transplantation / Q000379:methods* / Q000401:mortality; D005260:Female; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000209:etiology* / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery; D012086:Reoperation; D012307:Risk Factors; D063986:Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation / Q000379:methods* / Q000401:mortality; D055815:Young Adult