title: Repeated Supramaximal Exercise-Induced Oxidative Stress: Effect of β-Alanine Plus Creatine Supplementation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Carnosine is a dipeptide formed from the β-alanine and histidine amino acids and found in mainly in the brain and muscle, especially fast twitch muscle. Carnosine and creatine has an antioxidant effect and carnosine accounts for about 10% of the muscle's ability to buffer the H(+) ions produced by exercise.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of beta alanine and/or creatine supplementation on oxidant and antioxidant status during repeated Wingate tests (WTs).
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty four sedentary males participated in the study. Participants performed three 30s WTs with 2 minutes rest between exercise bouts. After the first exercise session, the subjects were assigned to one of four groups: Placebo, Creatine, Beta-alanine and Beta-alanine plus creatine. Participants ingested twice per day for 22 consecutive days, then four times per day for the following 6 days. After the supplementation period the second exercise session was applied. Blood samples were taken before and immediately after the each exercise session for the analysis of oxidative stress and antioxidant markers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Malondialdehyde levels and superoxide dismutase activities were affected by neither supplementation nor exercise. During the pre-supplementation session, protein carbonyl reduced and oxidized glutathione (GSH and GSSG) levels increased immediately after the exercise. However, during the post-supplementation session GSH and GSSG levels increased in beta-alanine and beta-alanine plus creatine groups immediately after the exercise compared to pre-exercise. In addition, during the post-supplementation session total antioxidant capacity increased in beta-alanine group immediately after the exercise.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Beta-alanine supplementation has limited antioxidant effect during the repeated WTs.
authors.affiliation: Division of Sports Physiology, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey.
authors.forename: Muaz
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Belviranli
authors.affiliation: Division of Sports Physiology, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey.
authors.forename: Nilsel
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Okudan
authors.affiliation: School of Physical Education and Sports Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey.
authors.forename: Serkan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Revan
authors.affiliation: School of Physical Education and Sports Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey.
authors.forename: Serdar
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Balci
authors.affiliation: Division of Sports Physiology, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey.
authors.forename: Hakki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gokbel
keywords: Antioxidant; Beta-Alanine; Circuit-Based Exercise; Creatine; Oxidative Stress