title: Interactions of Sulfate with Other Nutrients As Revealed by H2S Fumigation of Chinese Cabbage.
abstract: Sulfur deficiency in plants has severe impacts on both growth and nutrient composition. Fumigation with sub-lethal concentrations of H2S facilitates the supply of reduced sulfur via the leaves while sulfate is depleted from the roots. This restores growth while sulfate levels in the plant tissue remain low. In the present study this system was used to reveal interactions of sulfur with other nutrients in the plant and to ascertain whether these changes are due to the absence or presence of sulfate or rather to changes in growth and organic sulfur. There was a complex reaction of the mineral composition to sulfur deficiency, however, the changes in content of many nutrients were prevented by H2S fumigation. Under sulfur deficiency these nutrients accumulated on a fresh weight basis but were diluted on a dry weight basis, presumably due to a higher dry matter content. The pattern differed, however, between leaves and roots which led to changes in shoot to root partitioning. Only the potassium, molybdenum and zinc contents were strongly linked to the sulfate supply. Potassium was the only nutrient amongst those measured which showed a positive correlation with sulfur content in shoots, highlighting a role as a counter cation for sulfate during xylem loading and vacuolar storage in leaves. This was supported by an accumulation of potassium in roots of the sulfur-deprived plants. Molybdenum and zinc increased substantially under sulfur deficiency, which was only partly prevented by H2S fumigation. While the causes of increased molybdenum under sulfur deficiency have been previously studied, the relation between sulfate and zinc uptake needs further clarification.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen Groningen, Netherlands.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Reich
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Worcester Polytechnic Institute Worcester, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Muhammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shahbaz
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen Groningen, Netherlands.
authors.forename: Dharmendra H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Prajapati
authors.affiliation: Plant Biology and Crop Science Department, Rothamsted Research Harpenden, UK.
authors.forename: Saroj
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Parmar
authors.affiliation: Plant Biology and Crop Science Department, Rothamsted Research Harpenden, UK.
authors.forename: Malcolm J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Hawkesford
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen Groningen, Netherlands.
authors.forename: Luit J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: De Kok
keywords: Brassica; hydrogen sulfide; mineral composition; sulfur deficiency; yield quality