title: Identification of Goose-Origin Parvovirus as a Cause of Newly Emerging Beak Atrophy and Dwarfism Syndrome in Ducklings.
abstract: A recent epizootic outbreak, in China, of duck beak atrophy and dwarfism syndrome (BADS) was investigated using electron microscopic, genetic, and virological studies, which identified a parvovirus with a greater similarity to goose parvovirus (GPV) (97% protein homology) than to Muscovy duck parvovirus (MDPV) (90% protein homology). The new virus, provisionally designated GPV-QH15, was found to be antigenically more closely related to GPV than to MDPV in a virus neutralization assay. These findings were further supported by phylogenetic analysis showing that GPV-QH15 evolved from goose lineage parvoviruses, rather than from Muscovy duck- or other duck species-related parvoviruses. In all, two genetic lineages (GPV I and GPV II) were identified from the GPV samples analyzed, and GPV-QH15 was found to be closely clustered with two known goose-origin parvoviruses (GPVa2006 and GPV1995), together forming a distinctive GPV IIa sublineage. Finally, structural modeling revealed that GPV-QH15 and the closely related viruses GPVa2006 and GPV1995 possessed identical clusters of receptor-interacting amino acid residues in the VP2 protein, a major determinant of viral receptor binding and host specificity. Significantly, these three viruses differed from MDPVs and other GPVs at these positions. Taken together, these results suggest that GPV-QH15 represents a new variant of goose-origin parvovirus that currently circulates in ducklings and causes BADS, a syndrome reported previously in Europe. This new finding highlights the need for future surveillance of GPV-QH15 in poultry in order to gain a better understanding of both the evolution and the biology of this emerging parvovirus.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Poultry Science, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China.
authors.forename: Kexiang
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Institute of Poultry Science, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China.
authors.forename: Xiuli
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Zizhang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Sheng
authors.affiliation: Institute of Poultry Science, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China.
authors.forename: Lihong
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Qi
authors.affiliation: Institute of Poultry Science, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China.
authors.forename: Cunxia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology and Microbiology, South Dakota State University, Brookings, South Dakota, USA.
authors.forename: Dan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Poultry Science, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China.
authors.forename: Bing
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Poultry Science, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China Department of Biology and Microbiology, South Dakota State University, Brookings, South Dakota, USA Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, South Dakota State University, Brookings, South Dakota, USA feng.li@sdstate.edu mxsong@aliyun.com.
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Institute of Poultry Science, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China feng.li@sdstate.edu mxsong@aliyun.com.
authors.forename: Minxun
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Song
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001284:Atrophy / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D001502:Beak / Q000473:pathology*; D001715:Bird Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology*; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D004196:Disease Outbreaks; D004392:Dwarfism / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D005777:Geese; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D009500:Neutralization Tests; D010322:Parvoviridae Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary* / Q000821:virology; D017992:Parvovirus / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D010802:Phylogeny; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA