title: Characterisation of aroma-active and off-odour compounds in German rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Part I: Case of aquaculture water from earthen-ponds farming.
abstract: Comprehensive analyses were accomplished to explore the odorous molecules responsible for off-odour development in earthen-ponds rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) aquaculture farming in Germany. In this part of the study, water odorants were extracted using solvent-assisted flavour evaporation (SAFE); then, extracts were analysed by one- and two- dimensional high resolution gas chromatography coupled with olfactometry and mass spectrometry using two columns with different polarity (DB-FFAP and DB-5). Aroma extract dilution analysis (AEDA) of the solvent extract samples revealed 54 odorants, and 47 of them were identified. In this study, a series of compounds is described for the first time in German earthen-ponds rainbow trout aquaculture water including, amongst others, 4-hydroxy-2,5-dimethyl-3(2H)-furanone (furaneol), vanillin, (E)-4,5-epoxy-(E)-2-decenal, 4-ethyloctanoic acid, 3-methylindole (skatole), 5α-androst-16-en-3-one (androstenone), and 2-(2-butoxyethoxy) ethanol. Moreover, the sensory experiment indicated that (E)-4,5-epoxy-(E)-2-decenal, (E,E)-2,4-octadienal, and 1-octen-3-one are the main contributors to the metallic, cucumber, and mushroom notes of the samples.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Emil Fischer Center, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Henkestrasse 9, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; Department Sensory Analytics, Fraunhofer Institute for Process Engineering and Packaging (IVV), Giggenhauser Str. 35, 85354 Freising, Germany; Agricultural Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, P.O. Box 68, Hadayek Shobra, 11241 Cairo, Egypt. Electronic address: mohamed.mahmoud@fau.de.
authors.forename: Mohamed Ahmed Abbas
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Mahmoud
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Emil Fischer Center, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Henkestrasse 9, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; Department Sensory Analytics, Fraunhofer Institute for Process Engineering and Packaging (IVV), Giggenhauser Str. 35, 85354 Freising, Germany. Electronic address: andrea.buettner@fau.de.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Buettner
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017756:Aquaculture; D005663:Furans; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D005858:Germany; D007201:Indicator Dilution Techniques; D009812:Odorants / Q000032:analysis*; D064367:Olfactometry; D017686:Oncorhynchus mykiss; D061005:Ponds; D012903:Smell; D013649:Taste; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D005663:Furans; D014867:Water; C058427:furaneol
keywords: Aroma extract dilution analysis; Gas chromatography-olfactometry; Odour-active compounds; Off-odour; Rainbow trout; Solvent-assisted flavour evaporation