title: Reactive Oxygen Species in the Regulation of Stomatal Movements.
abstract: Guard cells form stomatal pores that optimize photosynthetic carbon dioxide uptake with minimal water loss. Stomatal movements are controlled by complex signaling networks that respond to environmental and endogenous signals. Regulation of stomatal aperture requires coordinated activity of reactive oxygen species (ROS)-generating enzymes, signaling proteins, and downstream executors such as ion pumps, transporters, and plasma membrane channels that control guard cell turgor pressure. Accumulation of ROS in the apoplast and chloroplasts is among the earliest hallmarks of stomatal closure. Subsequent increase in cytoplasmic Ca(2+) concentration governs the activity of multiple kinases that regulate the activity of ROS-producing enzymes and ion channels. In parallel, ROS directly regulate the activity of multiple proteins via oxidative posttranslational modifications to fine-tune guard cell signaling. In this review, we summarize recent advances in the role of ROS in stomatal closure and discuss the importance of ROS in regulation of signal amplification and specificity in guard cells.
authors.affiliation: Division of Plant Biology, Viikki Plant Science Centre, Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland (M.S., C.W., T.V., J.K.); andDistinguished Scientist Fellowship Program, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (J.K.).
authors.forename: Maija
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sierla
authors.affiliation: Division of Plant Biology, Viikki Plant Science Centre, Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland (M.S., C.W., T.V., J.K.); andDistinguished Scientist Fellowship Program, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (J.K.).
authors.forename: Cezary
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Waszczak
authors.affiliation: Division of Plant Biology, Viikki Plant Science Centre, Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland (M.S., C.W., T.V., J.K.); andDistinguished Scientist Fellowship Program, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (J.K.).
authors.forename: Triin
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Vahisalu
authors.affiliation: Division of Plant Biology, Viikki Plant Science Centre, Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland (M.S., C.W., T.V., J.K.); andDistinguished Scientist Fellowship Program, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (J.K.) jaakko.kangasjarvi@helsinki.fi.
authors.forename: Jaakko
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-8959-1809
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kangasjärvi
mesh_terms: D000040:Abscisic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D019255:NADPH Oxidases / Q000378:metabolism; D010766:Phosphorylation; D059828:Plant Cells / Q000378:metabolism; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D054046:Plant Stomata / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: D010940:Plant Proteins; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D000040:Abscisic Acid; D019255:NADPH Oxidases; D002118:Calcium