title: Urine proteome analysis in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction complicated by chronic kidney disease: feasibility, and clinical and pathogenetic correlates.
abstract: Urine proteome analysis (UPA) has already provided accurate discriminatory patterns of urinary peptides for renal disease, coronary artery disease, and asymptomatic LV diastolic dysfunction. UPA has now been used to characterize a discriminatory peptide biomarker pattern and establish a diagnostic classifier for heart failure patients with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) in the presence of chronic kidney disease (CKD).
  
  
  
  We analysed the urine proteome profiles obtained by capillary electrophoresis online coupled to micro-TOF (time of flight) mass spectrometry of 126 individuals, 59 HFrEF patients and 67 controls matched for age, sex, and renal function. In total, 107 significant discriminatory peptides were identified and used to establish a support vector machine-based classifier that was successfully applied to a test set of 25 HFrEF patients and 33 controls, achieving 84% sensitivity and 91% specificity. The majority of sequenced peptides were fragments of collagen type I and III.
  
  
  
  UPA was able to identify a set of HFrEF-specific urinary peptide biomarkers on a background of CKD that were successfully utilized to establish a syndrome's classifier.
authors.affiliation: Heart Failure Unit, Department of Cardiology, Athens University Hospital Attikon, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Dimitrios
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Farmakis
authors.affiliation: Mosaiques Diagnostics and Therapeutics AG, Hanover, Germany.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Koeck
authors.affiliation: BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Mullen
authors.affiliation: Heart Failure Unit, Department of Cardiology, Athens University Hospital Attikon, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Parissis
authors.affiliation: Heart Failure Unit, Department of Cardiology, Athens University Hospital Attikon, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Bill D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Gogas
authors.affiliation: Heart Failure Unit, Department of Cardiology, Athens University Hospital Attikon, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nikolaou
authors.affiliation: Heart Failure Unit, Department of Cardiology, Athens University Hospital Attikon, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lekakis
authors.affiliation: Mosaiques Diagnostics and Therapeutics AG, Hanover, Germany.|Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
authors.forename: Harald
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mischak
authors.affiliation: Heart Failure Unit, Department of Cardiology, Athens University Hospital Attikon, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Gerasimos
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Filippatos
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000652:urine; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D024042:Collagen Type I / Q000652:urine; D024061:Collagen Type III / Q000652:urine; D019075:Electrophoresis, Capillary; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000652:urine*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D008875:Middle Aged; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000652:urine; D020543:Proteome / Q000032:analysis*; D040901:Proteomics; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000150:complications / Q000652:urine*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013318:Stroke Volume; D060388:Support Vector Machine
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D024042:Collagen Type I; D024061:Collagen Type III; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D020543:Proteome
keywords: Biomarkers; Heart failure; Proteomics; Urine