title: The Effects of Geographic Isolation and Social Support on the Health of Wisconsin Women.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Rural residents are less likely to receive preventive health screening, more likely to be uninsured, and more likely to report fair to poor health than urban residents. Social disconnectedness and perceived isolation are known to be negative predictors of self-rated physical health; however, the direct effects of geographic isolation and social support on overall health have not been well elucidated.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional survey of women (n = 113) participating in Wisconsin Rural Women's initiative programming was conducted, which included measures of geographic isolation, an assessment of overall health, and social support using the validated Interpersonal Support Evaluation List with 3 subscales, including belonging support, tangible support, and appraisal support.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Geographic isolation was shown to be a negative predictor of belonging support (P = .0064) and tangible support (P = .0349); however, geographic isolation was not a statistically significant predictor of appraisal support. A strong and direct relationship was observed between social support and self-perceived health status among this population of Wisconsin women, and hospital access based on geographic proximity was positively correlated (P = .028) with overall health status.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The direct relationship between social support and overall health demonstrated here stresses the importance of developing and maintaining strong social support networks, which can be improved through rural support groups that have the unique ability to assist rural residents in fostering social support systems, advocating stress management techniques, and achieving a greater sense of well-being.
authors.forename: Sarah M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Tittman
authors.forename: Christy
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Harteau
authors.forename: Kirsten M M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Beyer
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D012423:Rural Health; D012424:Rural Population; D012934:Social Isolation; D012944:Social Support; D014922:Wisconsin