title: Serum metabonomics of NAFLD plus T2DM based on liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), a main liver disease around the world, is closely associated with insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and other metabolic diseases. The objective of this study is to identify distinct metabolites of NAFLD patients with or without T2DM.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used a biomarker-discovery population to find distinct metabolites of NAFLD patients with or without T2DM. Then, a validation population was applied to test the model of the biomarker-discovery population. All the individuals received anthropometric and common biochemical measurements. The metabolic data were analyzed by multivariable statistical analyses using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight-tandem mass spectrometry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 7, 7, 2 metabolites in the positive electrospray ionization (ESI(+)) mode, which were identified between groups from both the biomarker-discovery and validation population. The NAFLD group showed higher concentrations of oleamide, l-phenylalanine, l-proline, bilirubin, l-palmitoylcarnitine, and PC (20:5) and a lower concentration of Lyso-PAF C-18 than those of control. Compared with the control group, the NAFLD+T2DM group displayed higher oleamide, l-leucine, LysoPC (14:0), bilirubin, tetradecenoylcarnitine, linoleyl carnitine, and tetradecadiencarnitine in serum. Tetradecenoylcarnitine and tetradecadiencarnitine were more elevated in patients with NAFLD+T2DM than in the NAFLD group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Serum metabonomic analyses displayed great metabolic changes in patients with NAFLD and NAFLD plus T2DM. Our study is beneficial in providing a further view into the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of NAFLD and NAFLD plus T2DM, which might be useful for the prevention and therapy of NAFLD and NAFLD plus T2DM.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, The second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
authors.forename: Chunlong
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
authors.forename: Liyan
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
authors.forename: Fuchuan
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
authors.forename: Songtao
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Office of the Secretariat, Liaoning Institute for Food Control, Shenyang, China.
authors.forename: Lina
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China. Electronic address: changhao2002sun@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Changhao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China. Electronic address: fengrennan@163.com.
authors.forename: Rennan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Feng
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D055432:Metabolomics; D008875:Middle Aged; D065626:Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease / Q000097:blood*; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization / Q000379:methods*
keywords: Metabonomics; Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease; Type 2 diabetes mellitus; UPLC–QTOF-MS