title: Association of premenstrual syndrome and premenstrual dysphoric disorder with bulimia nervosa and binge-eating disorder in a nationally representative epidemiological sample.
abstract: Bulimia nervosa (BN) and binge-eating disorder (BED) are associated with significant health impairment. Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) and premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) comprise both psychological (disturbances in mood and affect) and physiological (bloating and changes in appetite) symptoms that may trigger binge-eating and/or purging.
  
  
  
  Female participants were drawn from the Collaborative Psychiatric Epidemiological Surveys, conducted from 2001 to 2003. Weighted multivariable logistic regression modeled the association between lifetime PMS and PMDD and lifetime odds of BN or BED.
  
  
  
  Among 8,694 participants, 133 (1.0%) had BN and 185 (1.8%) BED. Additionally, 366 (4.2%) had PMDD and 3,489 (42.4%) had PMS. Prevalence of PMDD and PMS were 17.4 and 55.4% among those with BN, 10.7 and 48.9% among those with BED and 3.4 and 59.1% among those with subthreshold BED. After adjustment for age, race/ethnicity, income, education, body mass index, age at menarche, birth control use, and comorbid mental health conditions, PMDD was associated with seven times the odds of BN (OR 7.2, 95% CI 2.3, 22.4) and PMS with two times the odds of BN (OR 2.5, 95% CI 1.1, 5.7). Neither PMDD nor PMS were significantly associated with BED.
  
  
  
  Women with PMS and PMDD have a higher odds of BN, independent of comorbid mental health conditions. PMS and PMDD may be important comorbidities to BN to consider in clinical settings, and future research should investigate whether PMS and PMDD affect the onset and duration of bulimic symptoms as well as the potential for shared risk factors across disorders. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.(Int J Eat Disord 2016; 49:641-650).
authors.affiliation: Community Psychiatry PRIDE, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, 70 Everett Ave. Suite 516, Chelsea, Massachusetts, 02150.|Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Carrie J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Nobles
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.|Eating Disorders Clinical and Research Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, 2 Longfellow Place Suite 200, Boston, Massachusetts, 02114.
authors.forename: Jennifer J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.affiliation: Community Psychiatry PRIDE, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, 70 Everett Ave. Suite 516, Chelsea, Massachusetts, 02150.|Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Sarah E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Valentine
authors.affiliation: Community Psychiatry PRIDE, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, 70 Everett Ave. Suite 516, Chelsea, Massachusetts, 02150.
authors.forename: Monica W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Gerber
authors.affiliation: Community Psychiatry PRIDE, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, 70 Everett Ave. Suite 516, Chelsea, Massachusetts, 02150.
authors.forename: Adin S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Vaewsorn
authors.affiliation: Community Psychiatry PRIDE, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, 70 Everett Ave. Suite 516, Chelsea, Massachusetts, 02150.|Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Luana
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Marques
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D056912:Binge-Eating Disorder / Q000150:complications*; D052018:Bulimia Nervosa / Q000150:complications*; D015897:Comorbidity; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008875:Middle Aged; D065446:Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology; D011293:Premenstrual Syndrome / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology
keywords: binge-eating disorder; bulimia nervosa; premenstrual dysphoric disorder