title: The Occurrence of Genetic Alterations during the Progression of Breast Carcinoma.
abstract: The interrelationship among genetic variations between the developing process of carcinoma and the order of occurrence has not been completely understood. Interpreting the mechanisms of copy number variation (CNV) is absolutely necessary for understanding the etiology of genetic disorders. Oncogenetic tree is a special phylogenetic tree inferential pictorial representation of oncogenesis. In our present study, we constructed oncogenetic tree to imitate the occurrence of genetic and cytogenetic alterations in human breast cancer. The oncogenetic tree model was built on CNV of ErbB2, AKT2, KRAS, PIK3CA, PTEN, and CCND1 genes in 963 cases of tumors with sequencing and CNA data of human breast cancer from TCGA. Results from the oncogenetic tree model indicate that ErbB2 copy number variation is the frequent early event of human breast cancer. The oncogenetic tree model based on the phylogenetic tree is a type of mathematical model that may eventually provide a better way to understand the process of oncogenesis.
authors.affiliation: School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
authors.forename: Xiao-Chen
authors.initials: XC
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
authors.forename: Chenglin
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China.
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhong
mesh_terms: D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D058534:Class I Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D019938:Cyclin D1 / Q000235:genetics; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D018628:Gene Dosage; D006801:Humans; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D051059:PTEN Phosphohydrolase / Q000235:genetics; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000235:genetics; D010802:Phylogeny; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000235:genetics; D016283:Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras) / Q000235:genetics; D018719:Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D058534:Class I Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D019938:Cyclin D1; D051059:PTEN Phosphohydrolase; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D016283:Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras); D018719:Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases; C530104:CCND1 protein, human; C117307:KRAS protein, human; C484760:PIK3CA protein, human; C508053:ERBB2 protein, human; C494921:AKT2 protein, human; C494929:PTEN protein, human