title: The clinical significance of the MIF homolog d-dopachrome tautomerase (MIF-2) and its circulating receptor (sCD74) in burn.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We reported earlier that the cytokine macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a potential biomarker in burn injury. In the present study, we investigated the clinical significance of the newly discovered MIF family member d-dopachrome tautomerase (DDT or MIF-2) and their common soluble receptor CD74 (sCD74) in severely burned patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  DDT and sCD74 serum levels were measured 20 severely burned patients and 20 controls. Serum levels were correlated to the abbreviated burn severity index (ABSI) and total body surface area (TBSA) followed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. Data were supported by gene expression dataset analysis of 31 burn patients and 28 healthy controls.
  
  
  RESULTS
  CD74 and DDT were increased in burn patients. Furthermore, CD74 and DDT also were elevated in septic non-survivors when compared to survivors. Serum levels of DDT showed a positive correlation with the ABSI and TBSA in the early stage after burn, and the predictive character of DDT was strongest at 24h. Serum levels of CD74 only correlated with the ABSI 5 days after injury.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  DDT may assist in the monitoring of clinical outcome and prediction of sepsis during the early post-burn period. Soluble CD74 and MIF, by contrast, have limited value as an early predictor of death due to their delayed response to burn.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 Cedar Street, 06520 New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Hand Surgery - Burn Center, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany; Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany. Electronic address: bong.kim@rwth-aachen.de.
authors.forename: Bong-Sung
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany; Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Stoppe
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Hand Surgery - Burn Center, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
authors.forename: Gerrit
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Grieb
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 Cedar Street, 06520 New Haven, CT, USA.
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Leng
authors.affiliation: Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 Cedar Street, 06520 New Haven, CT, USA.
authors.forename: Maor
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sauler
authors.affiliation: Digestive Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 Cedar Street, 06520 New Haven, CT, USA.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Assis
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany; German Cancer Research Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69121 Heidelberg, Germany.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Simons
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Hand Surgery - Burn Center, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
authors.forename: Arne Hendrick
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Boecker
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 Cedar Street, 06520 New Haven, CT, USA.
authors.forename: Wibke
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Schulte
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 Cedar Street, 06520 New Haven, CT, USA.
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Piecychna
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Hand Surgery - Burn Center, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
authors.forename: Stephan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hager
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Feodor-Lynen-Straße 17, 81377 Munich, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Feodor-Lynen-Straße 17, 81377 Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Jürgen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bernhagen
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Hand Surgery - Burn Center, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
authors.forename: Norbert
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Pallua
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 Cedar Street, 06520 New Haven, CT, USA.
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bucala
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000944:Antigens, Differentiation, B-Lymphocyte / Q000097:blood*; D001830:Body Surface Area; D002056:Burns / Q000097:blood* / Q000401:mortality; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D000949:Histocompatibility Antigens Class II / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D019746:Intramolecular Oxidoreductases / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D012372:ROC Curve; D018805:Sepsis / Q000097:blood* / Q000401:mortality; D015599:Trauma Severity Indices
chemical_list: D000944:Antigens, Differentiation, B-Lymphocyte; D000949:Histocompatibility Antigens Class II; C045084:invariant chain; D019746:Intramolecular Oxidoreductases; C042501:dopachrome isomerase
keywords: Biomarker; Burn; CD74; DDT; MIF; Sepsis