title: Polar flagella rotation in Vibrio parahaemolyticus confers resistance to bacteriophage infection.
abstract: Bacteriophage has been recognized as a novel approach to treat bacterial infectious diseases. However, phage resistance may reduce the efficacy of phage therapy. Here, we described a mechanism of bacterial resistance to phage infections. In Gram-negative enteric pathogen Vibrio parahaemolyticus, we found that polar flagella can reduce the phage infectivity. Deletion of polar flagella, but not the lateral flagella, can dramatically promote the adsorption of phage to the bacteria and enhances the phage infectivity to V. parahaemolyticus, indicating that polar flagella play an inhibitory role in the phage infection. Notably, it is the rotation, not the physical presence, of polar flagella that inhibits the phage infection of V. parahaemolyticus. Strikingly, phage dramatically reduces the virulence of V. parahaemolyticus only when polar flagella were absent both in vitro and in vivo. These results indicated that polar flagella rotation is a previously unidentified mechanism that confers bacteriophage resistance.
authors.affiliation: Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of MOST, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China.|Department of Pathobiology &Veterinary Science, The University of Connecticut, 61 N. Eagleville Road, Storrs, CT 06269-3089, USA.|Center of Excellence for Vaccine Research, The University of Connecticut, 61 N. Eagleville Road, Storrs, CT 06269-3089, USA.
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathobiology &Veterinary Science, The University of Connecticut, 61 N. Eagleville Road, Storrs, CT 06269-3089, USA.|Center of Excellence for Vaccine Research, The University of Connecticut, 61 N. Eagleville Road, Storrs, CT 06269-3089, USA.
authors.forename: Lu
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Zhe
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, PR China.
authors.forename: Daxin
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathobiology &Veterinary Science, The University of Connecticut, 61 N. Eagleville Road, Storrs, CT 06269-3089, USA.|Center of Excellence for Vaccine Research, The University of Connecticut, 61 N. Eagleville Road, Storrs, CT 06269-3089, USA.
authors.forename: Xiaohui
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhou
mesh_terms: D001435:Bacteriophages / Q000502:physiology*; D005407:Flagella / Q000502:physiology*; D012399:Rotation; D014736:Vibrio parahaemolyticus / Q000502:physiology* / Q000821:virology*; D053585:Virus Attachment