title: A study of the effect of visual depth information on upper limb movement by use of measurement of smoothness.
abstract: [Purpose] This study verified that the smoothness of reaching movements is able to quantitatively evaluate the effects of two- and three-dimensional images on movement in healthy people. In addition, clinical data of cerebrovascular accident patients were also analyzed by the same method. [Subjects] Ten healthy adult volunteers and two male patients with previous cerebrovascular accidents participated. [Methods] The subjects were tasked with reaching for objects shown on a display. The target and virtual limb, rendered with computer graphics, were shown on the display. Movements of the virtual limb were synchronized with those of the subject. Healthy subjects reached for targets with their dominant arm, and cerebrovascular accident patients used their paretic arm. A polarized display and polarized glasses were used when the subjects were shown three-dimensional images. In the present study, jerk cost was used to quantify the smoothness of movement. [Results] Six of the 10 healthy subjects had significantly smoother reaching movements when viewing the three-dimensional images. The two cerebrovascular accident patients tended to have smoother movements in response to the three-dimensional images. [Conclusion] Analysis of the smoothness of movement was able to detect the influence of the depth cue in vision on movement quantitatively for the healthy subjects and cerebrovascular accident patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University of Scienc, Japan; Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Hokkaido University, Japan.
authors.forename: Norio
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University of Scienc, Japan; Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Hokkaido University, Japan.
authors.forename: Toshiaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.affiliation: Institute of Gerontology, The University of Tokyo, Japan; Sapporo Syuyukai Hospital, Japan.
authors.forename: Syunichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sugihara
authors.affiliation: Institute of Gerontology, The University of Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Koichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shimizu
authors.affiliation: Institute of Gerontology, The University of Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Nobuki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kudo
keywords: 3D images; Smoothness; Virtual reality