title: Regulation of infection efficiency in a globally abundant marine Bacteriodetes virus.
abstract: Bacteria impact humans, industry and nature, but do so under viral constraints. Problematically, knowledge of viral infection efficiencies and outcomes derives from few model systems that over-represent efficient lytic infections and under-represent virus-host natural diversity. Here we sought to understand infection efficiency regulation in an emerging environmental Bacteroidetes-virus model system with markedly different outcomes on two genetically and physiologically nearly identical host strains. For this, we quantified bacterial virus (phage) and host DNA, transcripts and phage particles throughout both infections. While phage transcriptomes were similar, transcriptional differences between hosts suggested host-derived regulation of infection efficiency. Specifically, the alternative host overexpressed DNA degradation genes and underexpressed translation genes, which seemingly targeted phage DNA particle production, as experiments revealed they were both significantly delayed (by >30 min) and reduced (by >50%) in the inefficient infection. This suggests phage failure to repress early alternative host expression and stress response allowed the host to respond against infection by delaying phage DNA replication and protein translation. Given that this phage type is ubiquitous and abundant in the global oceans and that variable viral infection efficiencies are central to dynamic ecosystems, these data provide a critically needed foundation for understanding and modeling viral infections in nature.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Howard-Varona
authors.affiliation: Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.
authors.forename: Simon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Roux
authors.affiliation: Département de biologie, ENS Lyon, Lyon, France.
authors.forename: Hugo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Dore
authors.affiliation: Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.
authors.forename: Natalie E
authors.initials: NE
authors.lastname: Solonenko
authors.affiliation: School of Natural Sciences, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden.
authors.forename: Karin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Holmfeldt
authors.affiliation: Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA, USA.
authors.forename: Lye M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Markillie
authors.affiliation: Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA, USA.
authors.forename: Galya
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Orr
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.|Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.
authors.forename: Matthew B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Sullivan
mesh_terms: D001435:Bacteriophages / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000502:physiology; D041963:Bacteroidetes / Q000502:physiology / Q000821:virology*; D009792:Oceans and Seas; D012623:Seawater / Q000821:virology*; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D014764:Viral Proteins