title: Cortical thickness in obsessive-compulsive disorder: multisite mega-analysis of 780 brain scans from six centres.
abstract: There is accumulating evidence for the role of fronto-striatal and associated circuits in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) but limited and conflicting data on alterations in cortical thickness.
  
  
  
  To investigate alterations in cortical thickness and subcortical volume in OCD.
  
  
  
  In total, 412 patients with OCD and 368 healthy adults underwent magnetic resonance imaging scans. Between-group analysis of covariance of cortical thickness and subcortical volumes was performed and regression analyses undertaken.
  
  
  
  Significantly decreased cortical thickness was found in the OCD group compared with controls in the superior and inferior frontal, precentral, posterior cingulate, middle temporal, inferior parietal and precuneus gyri. There was also a group × age interaction in the parietal cortex, with increased thinning with age in the OCD group relative to controls.
  
  
  
  Our findings are partially consistent with earlier work, suggesting that group differences in grey matter volume and cortical thickness could relate to the same underlying pathology of OCD. They partially support a frontostriatal model of OCD, but also suggest that limbic, temporal and parietal regions play a role in the pathophysiology of the disorder. The group × age interaction effects may be the result of altered neuroplasticity.
authors.affiliation: Jean-Paul Fouche, MSc, Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Stefan du Plessis, MD, Department of Psychiatry, University of Stellenbosch, Cape Town, South Africa; Coenie Hattingh, MSc, Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Annerine Roos, PhD, MRC Unit on Anxiety & Stress Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, University of Stellenbosch, Cape Town, South Africa; Christine Lochner, PhD, MRC Unit on Anxiety & Stress Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, University of Stellenbosch, Cape Town, South Africa; Carles Soriano-Mas, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain, Carlos III Health Institute, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spain, and Department of Psychobiology and Methodology in Health Sciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Joao R. Sato, PhD, Center of Mathematics, Computation and Cognition, Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo Andre, Brazil and Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Neurociências Clínicas, Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Takashi Nakamae, MD, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan; Seiji Nishida, MD, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan; Jun Soo Kwon, MD, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea and Institute of Human Behavioral Medicine, SNU-MRC, Seoul, Republic of Korea and Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Wi Hoon Jung, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; David Mataix-Cols, PhD, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Marcelo Q. Hoexter, MD, PhD, Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Neurociências Clínicas, Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil and Department & Institute of Psychiatry, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Pino Alonso, MD, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain and Carlos III Health Institute, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spain, and Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Spain; Stella J. de Wit, MD, Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Dick J. Veltman, MD, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Dan J. Stein, MD, PhD, Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa and MRC Unit on Anxiety & Stress Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, University of Stellenbosch, Cape Town, South Africa; Odile A. van den Heuvel, MD, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Department of Anatomy & Neurosciences, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands FCHJEA002@myuct.ac.za.
authors.forename: Jean-Paul
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Fouche
authors.affiliation: Jean-Paul Fouche, MSc, Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Stefan du Plessis, MD, Department of Psychiatry, University of Stellenbosch, Cape Town, South Africa; Coenie Hattingh, MSc, Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Annerine Roos, PhD, MRC Unit on Anxiety & Stress Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, University of Stellenbosch, Cape Town, South Africa; Christine Lochner, PhD, MRC Unit on Anxiety & Stress Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, University of Stellenbosch, Cape Town, South Africa; Carles Soriano-Mas, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain, Carlos III Health Institute, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spain, and Department of Psychobiology and Methodology in Health Sciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Joao R. Sato, PhD, Center of Mathematics, Computation and Cognition, Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo Andre, Brazil and Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Neurociências Clínicas, Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Takashi Nakamae, MD, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan; Seiji Nishida, MD, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan; Jun Soo Kwon, MD, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea and Institute of Human Behavioral Medicine, SNU-MRC, Seoul, Republic of Korea and Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Wi Hoon Jung, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; David Mataix-Cols, PhD, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Marcelo Q. Hoexter, MD, PhD, Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Neurociências Clínicas, Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil and Department & Institute of Psychiatry, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Pino Alonso, MD, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain and Carlos III Health Institute, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spain, and Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Spain; Stella J. de Wit, MD, Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Dick J. Veltman, MD, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Dan J. Stein, MD, PhD, Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa and MRC Unit on Anxiety & Stress Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, University of Stellenbosch, Cape Town, South Africa; Odile A. van den Heuvel, MD, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Department of Anatomy & Neurosciences, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: du Plessis
authors.affiliation: Jean-Paul Fouche, MSc, Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Stefan du Plessis, MD, Department of Psychiatry, University of Stellenbosch, Cape Town, South Africa; Coenie Hattingh, MSc, Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Annerine Roos, PhD, MRC Unit on Anxiety & Stress Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, University of Stellenbosch, Cape Town, South Africa; Christine Lochner, PhD, MRC Unit on Anxiety & Stress Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, University of Stellenbosch, Cape Town, South Africa; Carles Soriano-Mas, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain, Carlos III Health Institute, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spain, and Department of Psychobiology and Methodology in Health Sciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Joao R. Sato, PhD, Center of Mathematics, Computation and Cognition, Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo Andre, Brazil and Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Neurociências Clínicas, Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Takashi Nakamae, MD, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan; Seiji Nishida, MD, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan; Jun Soo Kwon, MD, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea and Institute of Human Behavioral Medicine, SNU-MRC, Seoul, Republic of Korea and Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Wi Hoon Jung, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; David Mataix-Cols, PhD, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Marcelo Q. Hoexter, MD, PhD, Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Neurociências Clínicas, Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil and Department & Institute of Psychiatry, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Pino Alonso, MD, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain and Carlos III Health Institute, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spain, and Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Spain; Stella J. de Wit, MD, Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Dick J. Veltman, MD, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Dan J. Stein, MD, PhD, Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa and MRC Unit on Anxiety & Stress Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, University of Stellenbosch, Cape Town, South Africa; Odile A. van den Heuvel, MD, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Department of Anatomy & Neurosciences, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Coenie
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hattingh
authors.affiliation: Jean-Paul Fouche, MSc, Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Stefan du Plessis, MD, Department of Psychiatry, University of Stellenbosch, Cape Town, South Africa; Coenie Hattingh, MSc, Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Annerine Roos, PhD, MRC Unit on Anxiety & Stress Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, University of Stellenbosch, Cape Town, South Africa; Christine Lochner, PhD, MRC Unit on Anxiety & Stress Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, University of Stellenbosch, Cape Town, South Africa; Carles Soriano-Mas, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain, Carlos III Health Institute, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spain, and Department of Psychobiology and Methodology in Health Sciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Joao R. Sato, PhD, Center of Mathematics, Computation and Cognition, Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo Andre, Brazil and Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Neurociências Clínicas, Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Takashi Nakamae, MD, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan; Seiji Nishida, MD, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan; Jun Soo Kwon, MD, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea and Institute of Human Behavioral Medicine, SNU-MRC, Seoul, Republic of Korea and Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Wi Hoon Jung, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; David Mataix-Cols, PhD, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Marcelo Q. Hoexter, MD, PhD, Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Neurociências Clínicas, Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil and Department & Institute of Psychiatry, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Pino Alonso, MD, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain and Carlos III Health Institute, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spain, and Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Spain; Stella J. de Wit, MD, Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Dick J. Veltman, MD, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Dan J. Stein, MD, PhD, Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa and MRC Unit on Anxiety & Stress Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, University of Stellenbosch, Cape Town, South Africa; Odile A. van den Heuvel, MD, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Department of Anatomy & Neurosciences, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Annerine
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Roos
authors.affiliation: Jean-Paul Fouche, MSc, Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Stefan du Plessis, MD, Department of Psychiatry, University of Stellenbosch, Cape Town, South Africa; Coenie Hattingh, MSc, Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Annerine Roos, PhD, MRC Unit on Anxiety & Stress Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, University of Stellenbosch, Cape Town, South Africa; Christine Lochner, PhD, MRC Unit on Anxiety & Stress Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, University of Stellenbosch, Cape Town, South Africa; Carles Soriano-Mas, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain, Carlos III Health Institute, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spain, and Department of Psychobiology and Methodology in Health Sciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Joao R. Sato, PhD, Center of Mathematics, Computation and Cognition, Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo Andre, Brazil and Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Neurociências Clínicas, Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Takashi Nakamae, MD, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan; Seiji Nishida, MD, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan; Jun Soo Kwon, MD, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea and Institute of Human Behavioral Medicine, SNU-MRC, Seoul, Republic of Korea and Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Wi Hoon Jung, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; David Mataix-Cols, PhD, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Marcelo Q. Hoexter, MD, PhD, Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Neurociências Clínicas, Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil and Department & Institute of Psychiatry, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Pino Alonso, MD, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain and Carlos III Health Institute, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spain, and Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Spain; Stella J. de Wit, MD, Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Dick J. Veltman, MD, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Dan J. Stein, MD, PhD, Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa and MRC Unit on Anxiety & Stress Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, University of Stellenbosch, Cape Town, South Africa; Odile A. van den Heuvel, MD, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Department of Anatomy & Neurosciences, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lochner
authors.affiliation: Jean-Paul Fouche, MSc, Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Stefan du Plessis, MD, Department of Psychiatry, University of Stellenbosch, Cape Town, South Africa; Coenie Hattingh, MSc, Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Annerine Roos, PhD, MRC Unit on Anxiety & Stress Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, University of Stellenbosch, Cape Town, South Africa; Christine Lochner, PhD, MRC Unit on Anxiety & Stress Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, University of Stellenbosch, Cape Town, South Africa; Carles Soriano-Mas, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain, Carlos III Health Institute, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spain, and Department of Psychobiology and Methodology in Health Sciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Joao R. Sato, PhD, Center of Mathematics, Computation and Cognition, Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo Andre, Brazil and Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Neurociências Clínicas, Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Takashi Nakamae, MD, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan; Seiji Nishida, MD, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan; Jun Soo Kwon, MD, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea and Institute of Human Behavioral Medicine, SNU-MRC, Seoul, Republic of Korea and Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Wi Hoon Jung, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; David Mataix-Cols, PhD, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Marcelo Q. Hoexter, MD, PhD, Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Neurociências Clínicas, Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil and Department & Institute of Psychiatry, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Pino Alonso, MD, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain and Carlos III Health Institute, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spain, and Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Spain; Stella J. de Wit, MD, Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Dick J. Veltman, MD, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Dan J. Stein, MD, PhD, Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa and MRC Unit on Anxiety & Stress Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, University of Stellenbosch, Cape Town, South Africa; Odile A. van den Heuvel, MD, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Department of Anatomy & Neurosciences, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Carles
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Soriano-Mas
authors.affiliation: Jean-Paul Fouche, MSc, Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Stefan du Plessis, MD, Department of Psychiatry, University of Stellenbosch, Cape Town, South Africa; Coenie Hattingh, MSc, Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Annerine Roos, PhD, MRC Unit on Anxiety & Stress Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, University of Stellenbosch, Cape Town, South Africa; Christine Lochner, PhD, MRC Unit on Anxiety & Stress Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, University of Stellenbosch, Cape Town, South Africa; Carles Soriano-Mas, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain, Carlos III Health Institute, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spain, and Department of Psychobiology and Methodology in Health Sciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Joao R. Sato, PhD, Center of Mathematics, Computation and Cognition, Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo Andre, Brazil and Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Neurociências Clínicas, Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Takashi Nakamae, MD, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan; Seiji Nishida, MD, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan; Jun Soo Kwon, MD, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea and Institute of Human Behavioral Medicine, SNU-MRC, Seoul, Republic of Korea and Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Wi Hoon Jung, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; David Mataix-Cols, PhD, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Marcelo Q. Hoexter, MD, PhD, Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Neurociências Clínicas, Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil and Department & Institute of Psychiatry, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Pino Alonso, MD, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain and Carlos III Health Institute, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spain, and Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Spain; Stella J. de Wit, MD, Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Dick J. Veltman, MD, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Dan J. Stein, MD, PhD, Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa and MRC Unit on Anxiety & Stress Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, University of Stellenbosch, Cape Town, South Africa; Odile A. van den Heuvel, MD, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Department of Anatomy & Neurosciences, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Joao R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.affiliation: Jean-Paul Fouche, MSc, Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Stefan du Plessis, MD, Department of Psychiatry, University of Stellenbosch, Cape Town, South Africa; Coenie Hattingh, MSc, Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Annerine Roos, PhD, MRC Unit on Anxiety & Stress Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, University of Stellenbosch, Cape Town, South Africa; Christine Lochner, PhD, MRC Unit on Anxiety & Stress Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, University of Stellenbosch, Cape Town, South Africa; Carles Soriano-Mas, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain, Carlos III Health Institute, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spain, and Department of Psychobiology and Methodology in Health Sciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Joao R. Sato, PhD, Center of Mathematics, Computation and Cognition, Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo Andre, Brazil and Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Neurociências Clínicas, Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Takashi Nakamae, MD, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan; Seiji Nishida, MD, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan; Jun Soo Kwon, MD, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea and Institute of Human Behavioral Medicine, SNU-MRC, Seoul, Republic of Korea and Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Wi Hoon Jung, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; David Mataix-Cols, PhD, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Marcelo Q. Hoexter, MD, PhD, Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Neurociências Clínicas, Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil and Department & Institute of Psychiatry, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Pino Alonso, MD, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain and Carlos III Health Institute, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spain, and Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Spain; Stella J. de Wit, MD, Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Dick J. Veltman, MD, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Dan J. Stein, MD, PhD, Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa and MRC Unit on Anxiety & Stress Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, University of Stellenbosch, Cape Town, South Africa; Odile A. van den Heuvel, MD, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Department of Anatomy & Neurosciences, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakamae
authors.affiliation: Jean-Paul Fouche, MSc, Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Stefan du Plessis, MD, Department of Psychiatry, University of Stellenbosch, Cape Town, South Africa; Coenie Hattingh, MSc, Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Annerine Roos, PhD, MRC Unit on Anxiety & Stress Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, University of Stellenbosch, Cape Town, South Africa; Christine Lochner, PhD, MRC Unit on Anxiety & Stress Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, University of Stellenbosch, Cape Town, South Africa; Carles Soriano-Mas, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain, Carlos III Health Institute, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spain, and Department of Psychobiology and Methodology in Health Sciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Joao R. Sato, PhD, Center of Mathematics, Computation and Cognition, Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo Andre, Brazil and Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Neurociências Clínicas, Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Takashi Nakamae, MD, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan; Seiji Nishida, MD, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan; Jun Soo Kwon, MD, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea and Institute of Human Behavioral Medicine, SNU-MRC, Seoul, Republic of Korea and Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Wi Hoon Jung, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; David Mataix-Cols, PhD, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Marcelo Q. Hoexter, MD, PhD, Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Neurociências Clínicas, Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil and Department & Institute of Psychiatry, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Pino Alonso, MD, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain and Carlos III Health Institute, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spain, and Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Spain; Stella J. de Wit, MD, Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Dick J. Veltman, MD, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Dan J. Stein, MD, PhD, Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa and MRC Unit on Anxiety & Stress Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, University of Stellenbosch, Cape Town, South Africa; Odile A. van den Heuvel, MD, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Department of Anatomy & Neurosciences, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Seiji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nishida
authors.affiliation: Jean-Paul Fouche, MSc, Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Stefan du Plessis, MD, Department of Psychiatry, University of Stellenbosch, Cape Town, South Africa; Coenie Hattingh, MSc, Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Annerine Roos, PhD, MRC Unit on Anxiety & Stress Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, University of Stellenbosch, Cape Town, South Africa; Christine Lochner, PhD, MRC Unit on Anxiety & Stress Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, University of Stellenbosch, Cape Town, South Africa; Carles Soriano-Mas, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain, Carlos III Health Institute, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spain, and Department of Psychobiology and Methodology in Health Sciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Joao R. Sato, PhD, Center of Mathematics, Computation and Cognition, Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo Andre, Brazil and Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Neurociências Clínicas, Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Takashi Nakamae, MD, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan; Seiji Nishida, MD, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan; Jun Soo Kwon, MD, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea and Institute of Human Behavioral Medicine, SNU-MRC, Seoul, Republic of Korea and Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Wi Hoon Jung, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; David Mataix-Cols, PhD, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Marcelo Q. Hoexter, MD, PhD, Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Neurociências Clínicas, Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil and Department & Institute of Psychiatry, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Pino Alonso, MD, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain and Carlos III Health Institute, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spain, and Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Spain; Stella J. de Wit, MD, Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Dick J. Veltman, MD, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Dan J. Stein, MD, PhD, Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa and MRC Unit on Anxiety & Stress Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, University of Stellenbosch, Cape Town, South Africa; Odile A. van den Heuvel, MD, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Department of Anatomy & Neurosciences, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Jun Soo
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.affiliation: Jean-Paul Fouche, MSc, Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Stefan du Plessis, MD, Department of Psychiatry, University of Stellenbosch, Cape Town, South Africa; Coenie Hattingh, MSc, Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Annerine Roos, PhD, MRC Unit on Anxiety & Stress Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, University of Stellenbosch, Cape Town, South Africa; Christine Lochner, PhD, MRC Unit on Anxiety & Stress Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, University of Stellenbosch, Cape Town, South Africa; Carles Soriano-Mas, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain, Carlos III Health Institute, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spain, and Department of Psychobiology and Methodology in Health Sciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Joao R. Sato, PhD, Center of Mathematics, Computation and Cognition, Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo Andre, Brazil and Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Neurociências Clínicas, Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Takashi Nakamae, MD, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan; Seiji Nishida, MD, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan; Jun Soo Kwon, MD, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea and Institute of Human Behavioral Medicine, SNU-MRC, Seoul, Republic of Korea and Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Wi Hoon Jung, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; David Mataix-Cols, PhD, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Marcelo Q. Hoexter, MD, PhD, Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Neurociências Clínicas, Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil and Department & Institute of Psychiatry, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Pino Alonso, MD, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain and Carlos III Health Institute, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spain, and Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Spain; Stella J. de Wit, MD, Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Dick J. Veltman, MD, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Dan J. Stein, MD, PhD, Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa and MRC Unit on Anxiety & Stress Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, University of Stellenbosch, Cape Town, South Africa; Odile A. van den Heuvel, MD, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Department of Anatomy & Neurosciences, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Wi Hoon
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.affiliation: Jean-Paul Fouche, MSc, Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Stefan du Plessis, MD, Department of Psychiatry, University of Stellenbosch, Cape Town, South Africa; Coenie Hattingh, MSc, Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Annerine Roos, PhD, MRC Unit on Anxiety & Stress Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, University of Stellenbosch, Cape Town, South Africa; Christine Lochner, PhD, MRC Unit on Anxiety & Stress Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, University of Stellenbosch, Cape Town, South Africa; Carles Soriano-Mas, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain, Carlos III Health Institute, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spain, and Department of Psychobiology and Methodology in Health Sciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Joao R. Sato, PhD, Center of Mathematics, Computation and Cognition, Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo Andre, Brazil and Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Neurociências Clínicas, Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Takashi Nakamae, MD, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan; Seiji Nishida, MD, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan; Jun Soo Kwon, MD, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea and Institute of Human Behavioral Medicine, SNU-MRC, Seoul, Republic of Korea and Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Wi Hoon Jung, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; David Mataix-Cols, PhD, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Marcelo Q. Hoexter, MD, PhD, Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Neurociências Clínicas, Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil and Department & Institute of Psychiatry, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Pino Alonso, MD, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain and Carlos III Health Institute, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spain, and Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Spain; Stella J. de Wit, MD, Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Dick J. Veltman, MD, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Dan J. Stein, MD, PhD, Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa and MRC Unit on Anxiety & Stress Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, University of Stellenbosch, Cape Town, South Africa; Odile A. van den Heuvel, MD, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Department of Anatomy & Neurosciences, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mataix-Cols
authors.affiliation: Jean-Paul Fouche, MSc, Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Stefan du Plessis, MD, Department of Psychiatry, University of Stellenbosch, Cape Town, South Africa; Coenie Hattingh, MSc, Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Annerine Roos, PhD, MRC Unit on Anxiety & Stress Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, University of Stellenbosch, Cape Town, South Africa; Christine Lochner, PhD, MRC Unit on Anxiety & Stress Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, University of Stellenbosch, Cape Town, South Africa; Carles Soriano-Mas, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain, Carlos III Health Institute, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spain, and Department of Psychobiology and Methodology in Health Sciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Joao R. Sato, PhD, Center of Mathematics, Computation and Cognition, Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo Andre, Brazil and Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Neurociências Clínicas, Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Takashi Nakamae, MD, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan; Seiji Nishida, MD, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan; Jun Soo Kwon, MD, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea and Institute of Human Behavioral Medicine, SNU-MRC, Seoul, Republic of Korea and Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Wi Hoon Jung, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; David Mataix-Cols, PhD, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Marcelo Q. Hoexter, MD, PhD, Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Neurociências Clínicas, Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil and Department & Institute of Psychiatry, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Pino Alonso, MD, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain and Carlos III Health Institute, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spain, and Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Spain; Stella J. de Wit, MD, Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Dick J. Veltman, MD, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Dan J. Stein, MD, PhD, Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa and MRC Unit on Anxiety & Stress Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, University of Stellenbosch, Cape Town, South Africa; Odile A. van den Heuvel, MD, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Department of Anatomy & Neurosciences, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Marcelo Q
authors.initials: MQ
authors.lastname: Hoexter
authors.affiliation: Jean-Paul Fouche, MSc, Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Stefan du Plessis, MD, Department of Psychiatry, University of Stellenbosch, Cape Town, South Africa; Coenie Hattingh, MSc, Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Annerine Roos, PhD, MRC Unit on Anxiety & Stress Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, University of Stellenbosch, Cape Town, South Africa; Christine Lochner, PhD, MRC Unit on Anxiety & Stress Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, University of Stellenbosch, Cape Town, South Africa; Carles Soriano-Mas, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain, Carlos III Health Institute, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spain, and Department of Psychobiology and Methodology in Health Sciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Joao R. Sato, PhD, Center of Mathematics, Computation and Cognition, Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo Andre, Brazil and Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Neurociências Clínicas, Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Takashi Nakamae, MD, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan; Seiji Nishida, MD, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan; Jun Soo Kwon, MD, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea and Institute of Human Behavioral Medicine, SNU-MRC, Seoul, Republic of Korea and Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Wi Hoon Jung, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; David Mataix-Cols, PhD, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Marcelo Q. Hoexter, MD, PhD, Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Neurociências Clínicas, Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil and Department & Institute of Psychiatry, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Pino Alonso, MD, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain and Carlos III Health Institute, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spain, and Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Spain; Stella J. de Wit, MD, Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Dick J. Veltman, MD, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Dan J. Stein, MD, PhD, Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa and MRC Unit on Anxiety & Stress Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, University of Stellenbosch, Cape Town, South Africa; Odile A. van den Heuvel, MD, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Department of Anatomy & Neurosciences, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Pino
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Alonso
authors.affiliation: Jean-Paul Fouche, MSc, Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Stefan du Plessis, MD, Department of Psychiatry, University of Stellenbosch, Cape Town, South Africa; Coenie Hattingh, MSc, Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Annerine Roos, PhD, MRC Unit on Anxiety & Stress Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, University of Stellenbosch, Cape Town, South Africa; Christine Lochner, PhD, MRC Unit on Anxiety & Stress Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, University of Stellenbosch, Cape Town, South Africa; Carles Soriano-Mas, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain, Carlos III Health Institute, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spain, and Department of Psychobiology and Methodology in Health Sciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Joao R. Sato, PhD, Center of Mathematics, Computation and Cognition, Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo Andre, Brazil and Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Neurociências Clínicas, Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Takashi Nakamae, MD, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan; Seiji Nishida, MD, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan; Jun Soo Kwon, MD, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea and Institute of Human Behavioral Medicine, SNU-MRC, Seoul, Republic of Korea and Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Wi Hoon Jung, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; David Mataix-Cols, PhD, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Marcelo Q. Hoexter, MD, PhD, Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Neurociências Clínicas, Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil and Department & Institute of Psychiatry, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Pino Alonso, MD, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain and Carlos III Health Institute, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spain, and Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Spain; Stella J. de Wit, MD, Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Dick J. Veltman, MD, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Dan J. Stein, MD, PhD, Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa and MRC Unit on Anxiety & Stress Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, University of Stellenbosch, Cape Town, South Africa; Odile A. van den Heuvel, MD, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Department of Anatomy & Neurosciences, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Stella J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: de Wit
authors.affiliation: Jean-Paul Fouche, MSc, Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Stefan du Plessis, MD, Department of Psychiatry, University of Stellenbosch, Cape Town, South Africa; Coenie Hattingh, MSc, Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Annerine Roos, PhD, MRC Unit on Anxiety & Stress Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, University of Stellenbosch, Cape Town, South Africa; Christine Lochner, PhD, MRC Unit on Anxiety & Stress Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, University of Stellenbosch, Cape Town, South Africa; Carles Soriano-Mas, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain, Carlos III Health Institute, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spain, and Department of Psychobiology and Methodology in Health Sciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Joao R. Sato, PhD, Center of Mathematics, Computation and Cognition, Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo Andre, Brazil and Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Neurociências Clínicas, Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Takashi Nakamae, MD, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan; Seiji Nishida, MD, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan; Jun Soo Kwon, MD, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea and Institute of Human Behavioral Medicine, SNU-MRC, Seoul, Republic of Korea and Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Wi Hoon Jung, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; David Mataix-Cols, PhD, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Marcelo Q. Hoexter, MD, PhD, Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Neurociências Clínicas, Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil and Department & Institute of Psychiatry, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Pino Alonso, MD, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain and Carlos III Health Institute, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spain, and Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Spain; Stella J. de Wit, MD, Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Dick J. Veltman, MD, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Dan J. Stein, MD, PhD, Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa and MRC Unit on Anxiety & Stress Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, University of Stellenbosch, Cape Town, South Africa; Odile A. van den Heuvel, MD, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Department of Anatomy & Neurosciences, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Dick J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Veltman
authors.affiliation: Jean-Paul Fouche, MSc, Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Stefan du Plessis, MD, Department of Psychiatry, University of Stellenbosch, Cape Town, South Africa; Coenie Hattingh, MSc, Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Annerine Roos, PhD, MRC Unit on Anxiety & Stress Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, University of Stellenbosch, Cape Town, South Africa; Christine Lochner, PhD, MRC Unit on Anxiety & Stress Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, University of Stellenbosch, Cape Town, South Africa; Carles Soriano-Mas, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain, Carlos III Health Institute, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spain, and Department of Psychobiology and Methodology in Health Sciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Joao R. Sato, PhD, Center of Mathematics, Computation and Cognition, Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo Andre, Brazil and Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Neurociências Clínicas, Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Takashi Nakamae, MD, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan; Seiji Nishida, MD, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan; Jun Soo Kwon, MD, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea and Institute of Human Behavioral Medicine, SNU-MRC, Seoul, Republic of Korea and Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Wi Hoon Jung, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; David Mataix-Cols, PhD, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Marcelo Q. Hoexter, MD, PhD, Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Neurociências Clínicas, Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil and Department & Institute of Psychiatry, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Pino Alonso, MD, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain and Carlos III Health Institute, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spain, and Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Spain; Stella J. de Wit, MD, Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Dick J. Veltman, MD, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Dan J. Stein, MD, PhD, Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa and MRC Unit on Anxiety & Stress Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, University of Stellenbosch, Cape Town, South Africa; Odile A. van den Heuvel, MD, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Department of Anatomy & Neurosciences, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Dan J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Stein
authors.affiliation: Jean-Paul Fouche, MSc, Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Stefan du Plessis, MD, Department of Psychiatry, University of Stellenbosch, Cape Town, South Africa; Coenie Hattingh, MSc, Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Annerine Roos, PhD, MRC Unit on Anxiety & Stress Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, University of Stellenbosch, Cape Town, South Africa; Christine Lochner, PhD, MRC Unit on Anxiety & Stress Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, University of Stellenbosch, Cape Town, South Africa; Carles Soriano-Mas, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain, Carlos III Health Institute, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spain, and Department of Psychobiology and Methodology in Health Sciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Joao R. Sato, PhD, Center of Mathematics, Computation and Cognition, Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo Andre, Brazil and Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Neurociências Clínicas, Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Takashi Nakamae, MD, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan; Seiji Nishida, MD, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan; Jun Soo Kwon, MD, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea and Institute of Human Behavioral Medicine, SNU-MRC, Seoul, Republic of Korea and Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Wi Hoon Jung, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; David Mataix-Cols, PhD, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Marcelo Q. Hoexter, MD, PhD, Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Neurociências Clínicas, Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil and Department & Institute of Psychiatry, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Pino Alonso, MD, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain and Carlos III Health Institute, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spain, and Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Spain; Stella J. de Wit, MD, Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Dick J. Veltman, MD, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Dan J. Stein, MD, PhD, Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa and MRC Unit on Anxiety & Stress Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, University of Stellenbosch, Cape Town, South Africa; Odile A. van den Heuvel, MD, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Department of Anatomy & Neurosciences, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Odile A
authors.initials: OA
authors.lastname: van den Heuvel
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D009771:Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*