title: The economic considerations of patients and caregivers in choice of dialysis modality.
abstract: Introduction Broader adoption of home dialysis could lead to considerable cost savings for health services. Globally, however, uptake remains low. The aim of this study was to describe patient and caregiver perspectives of the economic considerations that influence dialysis modality choice, and elicit policy-relevant recommendations. Methods Semistructured interviews with predialysis or dialysis patients and their caregivers, at three hospitals in New Zealand. Interview transcripts were analyzed thematically. Findings 43 patients and 9 caregivers (total n = 52) participated. The three themes related to economic considerations were: (i) productivity losses associated with changes in employment; (ii) the need for personal subsidization of home dialysis expenses; and (iii) the role of socio-economic disadvantage as a barrier to home dialysis. Patients weighed the flexibility of home dialysis which allowed them to remain employed, against time required for training and out-of-pocket costs. Patients saw the lack of reimbursement of home dialysis costs as unjust and suggested that reimbursement would incentivize home dialysis uptake. Social disadvantage was a barrier to home dialysis as patients' housing was often unsuitable; they could not afford the additional treatment costs. Home hemodialysis was considered to have the highest out-of-pocket costs and was sometimes avoided for this reason. Discussion Our data suggests that economic considerations underpin the choices patients make about dialysis treatments, however these are rarely reported. To promote home dialysis, strategies to improve employment retention and housing, and to minimize out-of-pocket costs, need to be addressed directly by healthcare providers and payers.
authors.affiliation: Sydney School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia. rachaelwalker14@gmail.com.|Hawke's Bay District Health Board, Hawke's Bay, New Zealand. rachaelwalker14@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Rachael C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Walker
authors.affiliation: Sydney School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia.
authors.forename: Kirsten
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Howard
authors.affiliation: Sydney School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia.|Centre for Kidney Research, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, New South Wales, 2145, Australia.
authors.forename: Allison
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tong
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, 8140, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Suetonia C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Palmer
authors.affiliation: Baxter Healthcare, (Asia- Pacific), Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Mark R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Marshall
authors.affiliation: NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia.
authors.forename: Rachael L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Morton
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017028:Caregivers; D005260:Female; D006437:Hemodialysis, Home / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D006435:Renal Dialysis / Q000379:methods*
keywords: Kidney disease; dialysis; economics; incentives; opportunity cost; qualitative research; reimbursement