title: OPEN WINDOW THORACOSTOMY, STILL AN OPTION IN THE MANAGEMENT OF CHRONIC EMPYEMA: EXPERIENCE FROM AYDER REFERRAL HOSPITAL.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Chronic empyema is a serious problem and is often difficult to manage. Its incidence has dropped worldwide, but continues to pose health problems in low and middle income countries. This study has been conducted to assess the outcome of open thoracic window in patients with neglected chronic thoracic empyemain Ethiopian patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  A six-year (June 2008 to October 2014) retrospective study was conducted on thirty five patients (ten females and twenty five males, age ranging from 30-70 years). Open window thoracostomy was performed on these patients for chronic empyema with residual lung tissue and with or without bronchopleural fistula who failed to respond to the conventional methods of treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The etiology was primary empyema in 16 patients, post-traumatic in 12 patients, and post-thoracotomy in seven patients. Spontaneous closure was achieved in 12 patients; simple closure was done on 18 patients; and closure with muscle flap in five patients. In all patients, the cavity cleared from secretions in two to three weeks and the residual space narrowed in seven to nine months. All patients gained weight following the surgery.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our result has revealed that open thoracic window is still an alternative method for the treatment of chronic empyema when the conventional method of treatment fails.
authors.forename: Girmay
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hagos
authors.forename: Reiye
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Esayas
authors.forename: Kibrom
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: G/Selassie
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001983:Bronchial Fistula; D002908:Chronic Disease; D057186:Comparative Effectiveness Research; D016724:Empyema, Pleural / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D005002:Ethiopia / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013907:Thoracostomy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D013908:Thoracotomy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D058106:Wound Closure Techniques