title: Light and shadows: An analysis of racial differences between siblings in Brazil.
abstract: Using data from the 2010 Census of Brazil, this article quantitatively examines the phenomenon of sibling differences in racial classification. In sum, the findings demonstrate that within-sibling racial heterogeneity occurs in 17-19% of families. The strongest predictor of racial discordance between siblings is racial discordance between parents. Furthermore, within-sibling regression models establish that race exhibits a modest but statistically significant association with some education and labor market outcomes. Most outcomes are not associated with race for siblings aged 15-19, although in families with both sexes, darker females have more favorable educational outcomes, while darker males have less favorable outcomes. In contrast, darker siblings aged 20-25 are less advantaged than their lighter brothers and sisters along a number of dimensions. They have significantly lower education, lower personal income, lower formal employment, and lower occupational status. It is argued that patterns for siblings aged 20-25 may be indicative of individual racial discrimination.
authors.affiliation: Department of Economics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322-2240, United States. Electronic address: andrew.francis@emory.edu.
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Francis-Tan
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001938:Brazil; D004651:Employment; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010290:Parents; D044469:Racial Groups / Q000145:classification*; D063505:Racism; D012649:Self Concept; D035781:Siblings; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Brazil; Inequality; Race; Racial differences; Siblings; Skin tone