title: The emerging roles of exosomes in leukemogeneis.
abstract: Communication between leukemia cells and their environment is essential for the development and progression of leukemia. Exosomes are microvesicles secreted by many types of cells that contain protein and RNA and mediate intercellular communication. The involvement of exosomes has been demonstrated in the crosstalk between leukemic cells, stromal cells and endothelial cells, consequently promoting the survival of leukemic cells, protection of leukemic cells from the cytotoxic effects of chemotherapeutic drugs, angiogenesis and cell migration. At the same time, exosomes can be used for the detection and monitoring of leukemia, with some advantage over current methods of detection and surveillance. As they are involved in immune response towards leukemic cells, exosomes can also potentially be exploited to augment immunotherapy in leukemia. In this review, we first describe the general characteristics of exosomes and biogenesis of exosomes. We then highlight the emerging role of exosomes in different types of leukemia. Finally, the clinical value of exosomes as biomarkers, in vivo drug carriers and novel exosome-based immunotherapy are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Centre for Translational Medicine, Singapore, Republic of Singapore.|Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Republic of Singapore.
authors.forename: Jianbiao
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Arts and Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: Sam
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Affiliate of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, PR China.
authors.forename: Kangyun
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Centre for Translational Medicine, Singapore, Republic of Singapore.|Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Republic of Singapore.|Department of Hematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute of Singapore (NCIS), The National University Health System (NUHS), Singapore, Republic of Singapore.
authors.forename: Wee-Joo
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Chng
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D002450:Cell Communication; D002465:Cell Movement; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002470:Cell Survival; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; D011992:Endosomes / Q000378:metabolism; D055354:Exosomes / Q000378:metabolism*; D015973:Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic; D006801:Humans; D007167:Immunotherapy; D007938:Leukemia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic; D011379:Prognosis; D011506:Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D012313:RNA / Q000378:metabolism; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D011506:Proteins; D012313:RNA
keywords: biomarker; exosome; immunotherapy; leukemia; miRNA