title: Prevalence and Influencing Factors of Thyroid Dysfunction in HIV-Infected Patients.
abstract: Thyroid dysfunction is more common in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) patients. But the effects of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) and hepatitis B/C virus (HBV/HCV) coinfection on thyroid function is unclear. We retrospectively reviewed the data of 178 HIV patients and determined the prevalence of thyroid dysfunction and the relationship between thyroid hormone levels, CD4 cell count, HIV-1 duration, HAART duration/regimens, and HBV/HCV coinfection. Of the 178 patients, 59 (33.1%) had thyroid dysfunction, mostly hypothyroidism. Thyroid dysfunction was significantly more frequent in the HAART group (41/104, 39.4%) than in the HAART-naïve group (18/74, 24.3%; P < 0.05). The mean CD4 cell count was significantly lower in patients with hypothyroidism (372 ± 331/μL) than in the other patients (P < 0.05). The FT4 level was significantly lower in the HAART group than in the HAART-naïve group (1.09 ± 0.23 versus 1.20 ± 0.29 pg/mL, P < 0.05). FT3/FT4 levels were negatively related to HIV duration and FT3 levels were positively related to CD4 cell (P < 0.05). HBV patients had lower FT3 levels, while HCV patients had higher FT3 and FT4 levels (P < 0.05). Thyroid dysfunction is more common in HIV patients on HAART, mainly manifested as hypothyroidism. FT3/FT4 levels are correlated with HIV progression. HBV/HCV coinfection increases the probability of thyroid dysfunction.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou 310003, China.
authors.forename: Shujing
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-5236-8486
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ji
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou 310003, China.
authors.forename: Changzhong
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-6329-1739
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology and Allergology, St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44791 Bochum, Germany.
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Höxtermann
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology and Allergology, St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44791 Bochum, Germany.
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Fuchs
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou 310003, China.
authors.forename: Tiansheng
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou 310003, China.
authors.forename: Xiangyun
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou 310003, China.
authors.forename: Haibo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou 310003, China.
authors.forename: Linfang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology and Allergology, St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44791 Bochum, Germany.
authors.forename: Adriane
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Skaletz-Rorowski
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology and Allergology, St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44791 Bochum, Germany.
authors.forename: Norbert H
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-0729-6006
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: Brockmeyer
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou 310003, China.
authors.forename: Nanping
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-5119-3058
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Wu
mesh_terms: D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D015897:Comorbidity; D064420:Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D005858:Germany / Q000453:epidemiology; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D013959:Thyroid Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016896:Treatment Outcome