title: Media multitasking in adolescence.
abstract: Media use has been on the rise in adolescents overall, and in particular, the amount of media multitasking-multiple media consumed simultaneously, such as having a text message conversation while watching TV-has been increasing. In adults, heavy media multitasking has been linked with poorer performance on a number of laboratory measures of cognition, but no relationship has yet been established between media-multitasking behavior and real-world outcomes. Examining individual differences across a group of adolescents, we found that more frequent media multitasking in daily life was associated with poorer performance on statewide standardized achievement tests of math and English in the classroom, poorer performance on behavioral measures of executive function (working memory capacity) in the laboratory, and traits of greater impulsivity and lesser growth mindset. Greater media multitasking had a relatively circumscribed set of associations, and was not related to behavioral measures of cognitive processing speed, implicit learning, or manual dexterity, or to traits of grit and conscientiousness. Thus, individual differences in adolescent media multitasking were related to specific differences in executive function and in performance on real-world academic achievement measures: More media multitasking was associated with poorer executive function ability, worse academic achievement, and a reduced growth mindset.
authors.affiliation: Cognitive Science Team, U.S. Army Natick Soldier Research, Development, & Engineering Center, 15 General Greene Avenue, Natick, MA, 01760-5000, USA. matthew.s.cain6.civ@mail.mil.
authors.forename: Matthew S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Cain
authors.affiliation: Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Julia A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Leonard
authors.affiliation: Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.|McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
authors.forename: John D E
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Gabrieli
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Amy S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Finn
mesh_terms: D000124:Achievement; D000293:Adolescent; D000294:Adolescent Behavior / Q000502:physiology*; D041923:Adolescent Development / Q000502:physiology*; D002648:Child; D003146:Communications Media; D056344:Executive Function / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007206:Individuality; D008297:Male; D008570:Memory, Short-Term / Q000502:physiology*
keywords: Academic achievement; Adolescents; Fluid intelligence; Media multitasking; Standardized tests; Working memory