title: The possibility of seeding vestibular schwannomas through surgery: Limited experience with two cases.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We present two exceptional cases of possible tumor seeding in benign vestibular schwannoma (VS) patients occurring years after initial microsurgical resection.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively analyzed the surgical management, histology and documented the growth of new tumor occurrence in close vicinity of the original schwannomas by serial magnetic resonance imaging over a period of 10 years. None of the patients had stigmata of neurofibromatosis, making it a reasonable assumption that the second tumor was due to surgical seeding during the first surgery. Moreover, in the second case, a microsurgical re-exploration showed that the recurrent tumor did not show any adhesion or contact to the caudal cranial nerves as anticipated had this been a new cranial nerve schwannoma.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Surgical seeding of VSs is a rare complication but can occur despite benign histology and generous irrigation during surgery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi, Al Maryah Island, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
authors.forename: Florian
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Roser
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Florian Heinrich
authors.initials: FH
authors.lastname: Ebner
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Skardelly
keywords: Iatrogenic implantation; surgical implantation; tumor recurrence; tumor seeding; vestibular schwannoma