title: Increased levels of serum Wisteria floribunda agglutinin-positive Mac-2 binding protein in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.
abstract: Mac-2 binding protein (M2BP) is a cell-adhesive glycoprotein of the extracellular matrix secreted as a ligand of galectin-3 (Mac-2). Recently, a Wisteria floribunda agglutinin positive-M2BP (WFA(+)-M2BP) assay developed using a lectin-antibody sandwich immunoassay has shown promise as a new fibrotic marker in liver fibrosis to detect unique fibrosis-related glycoalteration. The aim of this study is to evaluate the utility of serum WFA(+)-M2BP levels in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF).
  
  
  
  We measured serum WFA(+)-M2BP levels in 116 patients with IPF and 42 healthy volunteers. We examined the relationship between serum WFA(+)-M2BP levels and clinical parameters and further investigated the prognostic significance of serum WFA(+)-M2BP levels in patients with IPF.
  
  
  
  Serum WFA(+)-M2BP levels were significantly higher in patients with IPF than in healthy controls (1.09 ± 0.89 cutoff index [COI], 0.57 ± 0.24 COI, respectively; P < 0.001). In patients with IPF, a significant positive correlation was found between serum WFA(+)-M2BP levels and age, KL-6, neutrophils in BAL, reticulation and honeycombing scores in HRCT, and fibrotic foci scores in pathological findings, and a significant negative correlation was found between serum WFA(+)-M2BP levels and FVC, %DLco and macrophages in BAL. Furthermore, patients with high serum WFA(+)-M2BP levels had a significantly worse prognosis than those with low levels (log-rank test, P = 0.0209), and a high serum WFA(+)-M2BP level was a significant prognostic factor in Cox proportional hazards regression analysis.
  
  
  
  Our results suggest that the serum WFA(+)-M2BP level is a potential biomarker in patients with IPF.
authors.affiliation: Second Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan.
authors.forename: Masato
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kono
authors.affiliation: Second Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan. Electronic address: nakayuta@hama-med.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Yutaro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.affiliation: Second Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshiyuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Oyama
authors.affiliation: Second Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazutaka
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mori
authors.affiliation: Second Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan.
authors.forename: Hironao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hozumi
authors.affiliation: Second Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan.
authors.forename: Masato
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Karayama
authors.affiliation: Second Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan.
authors.forename: Dai
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hashimoto
authors.affiliation: Second Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan.
authors.forename: Noriyuki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Enomoto
authors.affiliation: Second Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan.
authors.forename: Tomoyuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fujisawa
authors.affiliation: Second Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan.
authors.forename: Naoki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Inui
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan.
authors.forename: Masaomi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yamada
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan.
authors.forename: Etsuko
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hamada
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ, USA.
authors.forename: Thomas V
authors.initials: TV
authors.lastname: Colby
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan.
authors.forename: Masato
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Maekawa
authors.affiliation: Second Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan.
authors.forename: Takafumi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Suda
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm / Q000097:blood*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D054990:Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D008103:Liver Cirrhosis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000097:blood*; D008875:Middle Aged; D037121:Plant Lectins / Q000097:blood*; D011379:Prognosis; D034781:Receptors, N-Acetylglucosamine / Q000097:blood*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index
chemical_list: D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm; D015415:Biomarkers; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D037121:Plant Lectins; D034781:Receptors, N-Acetylglucosamine; C114782:TAA90K protein, human; C040129:wisteria lectin
keywords: Biomarker; Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF); Mac-2 binding protein (M2BP); Mac-2 binding protein glycosylation isomer (M2BPGi); Wisteria floribunda agglutinin positive-M2BP (WFA(+)-M2BP)