title: Thickness estimation of the subcutaneous fat using coaxial probe.
abstract: In this Letter, a non-invasive method for thickness estimation of the subcutaneous fat layer of abdominal wall is presented by using a coaxial probe. Fat layer has the highest impact on the averaged attenuation parameter of the abdominal wall due to its high thickness and low permittivity. The abdominal wall is modelled as a multi-layer medium and an analytical model for the probe is derived by calculation of its aperture admittance facing to this multi-layer medium. The performance of this model is then validated by a numerical simulation using finite-difference-time-domain (FDTD) analysis. Simulation results show the high impact of the probe dimension and fat layer thickness on the sensitivity of the measured permittivity. The authors further investigate this sensitivity by statistical analysis of the permittivity variations. Finally, measuring in different locations relative to the body surface is presented as a solution to estimate the fat layer thickness in the presence of uncertainty of model parameters.
authors.affiliation: Applied Statistical Signal Processing Group (πSeG), Maersk Mc-Kinney Moller Institute, Faculty of Engineering , University of Southern Denmark , Odense , Denmark.
authors.forename: Mohammad Hossein
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Ramezani
authors.affiliation: Applied Statistical Signal Processing Group (πSeG), Maersk Mc-Kinney Moller Institute, Faculty of Engineering , University of Southern Denmark , Odense , Denmark.
authors.forename: Esmaeil S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Nadimi
keywords: FTDT analysis; abdominal wall; aperture admittance; biomedical measurement; coaxial probe; finite difference time-domain analysis; multilayer medium; numerical simulation; permittivity; permittivity measurement; statistical analysis; subcutaneous fat layer; thickness estimation; thickness measurement