title: A contribution to the identification of charcoal origin in Brazil II - Macroscopic characterization of Cerrado species.
abstract: The Brazilian Cerrado is the richest savanna in the world. It is also one of the biomes more threatened in the country and a hotspot for conservation priorities. The main causes of deforestation in Cerrado are agricultural practices, livestock and charcoal production. Although charcoal has a minor impact, its consumption represents the deforestation of 16.000 Km² of the Cerrado. To contribute for the biomes's conservation it is very important to improve forestry supervision. Thus, in this work we present the macroscopic characterization of charcoal from 25 Cerrado's species. We simulate the real conditions of forest controllers by using the magnifications of 10x, 25x and 65x. Likewise, the charcoals micrographs are all of transverse sections due to the larger amount of anatomical information. We also analyzed texture, brightness, vitrification, ruptures and some special features. The species present several differences in their anatomical structure. Although some of them are very unique, this work does not intent to identify charcoals only by macroscopic analyses. But it might give directions to future identification of genera or species. It also provides knowledge for government agents to verify the documents of forestry origin by fast analyzing a sample of charcoal itself.
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal do Paraná, Departamento de Engenharia e Tecnologia Florestal, Av. Pref. Lothário Meissner, 900, Jardim Botânico, 80210-170 Curitiba, PR, Brasil, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba PR , Brasil.
authors.forename: Thaís A P
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Gonçalves
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal do Paraná, Departamento de Engenharia e Tecnologia Florestal, Av. Pref. Lothário Meissner, 900, Jardim Botânico, 80210-170 Curitiba, PR, Brasil, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba PR , Brasil.
authors.forename: Silvana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nisgoski
authors.affiliation: Universidade de Brasília, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Asa Norte, 70910-900 Brasília, DF, Brasil, Universidade de Brasília, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília DF , Brasil.
authors.forename: Julia S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Oliveira
authors.affiliation: Universidade Estadual Paulista/UNESP, Departamento de Ciências Florestais, Fazenda Lageado, Rua José Barbosa de Barros, 1780, 18603-970 Botucatu, SP, Brasil, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Departamento de Ciências Florestais, Botucatu SP , Brasil.
authors.forename: Carmen R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Marcati
authors.affiliation: Universidade Estadual Paulista/UNESP, Departamento de Engenharia Rural, Fazenda Lageado, Rua José Barbosa de Barros, 1780, Caixa Postal 237, 18603-970 Botucatu, SP, Brasil, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Departamento de Engenharia Rural, Botucatu SP , Brasil.
authors.forename: Adriano W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Ballarin
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal do Paraná, Departamento de Engenharia e Tecnologia Florestal, Av. Pref. Lothário Meissner, 900, Jardim Botânico, 80210-170 Curitiba, PR, Brasil, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba PR , Brasil.
authors.forename: Graciela I B
authors.initials: GI
authors.lastname: Muñiz
mesh_terms: D001938:Brazil; D002606:Charcoal; D003247:Conservation of Natural Resources; D017753:Ecosystem; D065928:Forests
chemical_list: D002606:Charcoal