title: Prostaglandin E2-Glyceryl Ester: In Vivo Evidence for a Distinct Pharmacological Identity from Intraocular Pressure Studies.
abstract: Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2)-2-glyceryl ester is a cyclo-oxygenase 2 product of the endocannabinoid 2-arachidonyl glycerol. It is claimed as pharmacologically novel, but this is complicated by rapid and irreversible isomerization to the 1(3) ester. For ocular studies, enzymatic hydrolysis of the ester moiety creates an additional complication. PG-glyceryl esters were stabilized to isomerization and hydrolysis by replacing the noncarbonyl O with NH, to form the serinolamide and propanediolamide as stable analogs of PG-2-glyceryl and PG-2-1(3) glyceryl esters, respectively. Intraocular pressure was measured in conscious dogs and conscious laser-induced ocular hypertensive monkeys. Pharmacological studies involved stable transfectants for each of the human recombinant prostanoid receptors and the isolated feline iris for prostamide activity. PGE2-serinolamide and PGE2- propanediolamide were essentially inactive at all receptors except the EP3 receptor (EC50, ∼500 nM). This obliged elucidation of EP3 receptor involvement in the intraocular pressure response to these PGE2-glycyerl ester analogs. Since the EP3 receptor agonists sulprostone and GR 63799 did not lower monkey intraocular pressure, a role for EP3 receptors in mediating the effects of PGE2-serinolamide and PGE2-propanediolamide is not indicated. PGE2-glyceryl ester (0.01% and 0.1%) substantially lowered intraocular pressure in monkeys. PGE2-propanediolamide was more efficacious than PGE2-serinolamide in lowering intraocular pressure in monkey eyes, but both appeared equieffective in dog eyes. PGE2-serinolamide dose-dependently (0.01- 0.1%) lowered intraocular pressure in both species, but PGF2 α-serinolamide was inactive. In conclusion, stable PGE2-glyceryl ester analogs lowered intraocular pressure. These findings are consistent with the presence of a PGE2-glyceryl ester-specific recognition site in the eye.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Allergan PLC, Irvine, California (D.F.W., N.J.P., J.W.W.); Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom (D.F.W.); JeniVision Inc., Irvine, California (J.W.W.) david.woodward@imperial.ac.uk.
authors.forename: David F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Woodward
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Allergan PLC, Irvine, California (D.F.W., N.J.P., J.W.W.); Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom (D.F.W.); JeniVision Inc., Irvine, California (J.W.W.).
authors.forename: Neil J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Poloso
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Allergan PLC, Irvine, California (D.F.W., N.J.P., J.W.W.); Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom (D.F.W.); JeniVision Inc., Irvine, California (J.W.W.).
authors.forename: Jenny W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002415:Cats; D015232:Dinoprostone / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D004285:Dogs; D005260:Female; D007429:Intraocular Pressure / Q000187:drug effects*; D007498:Iris / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D008252:Macaca fascicularis; D008297:Male; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: C518978:prostaglandin E2 glyceryl ester; D015232:Dinoprostone