title: Genome analysis of a clinical isolate of Shewanella sp. uncovered an active hybrid integrative and conjugative element carrying an integron platform inserted in a novel genomic locus.
abstract: Shewanella spp. are currently considered to be emerging pathogens that can code for a blaOXA carbapenemase in their chromosome. Complete genome analysis of the clinical isolate Shewanella sp. Sh95 revealed that this strain is a novel species, which shares a lineage with marine isolates. Characterization of its resistome showed that it codes for genes drfA15, qacH and blaOXA-48. We propose that Shewanella sp. Sh95 acts as reservoir of blaOXA-48. Moreover, analysis of mobilome showed that it contains a novel integrative and conjugative element (ICE), named ICESh95. Comparative analysis between the close relatives ICESpuPO1 from Shewanella sp. W3-18-1 and ICE SXTMO10 from Vibrio cholerae showed that ICESh95 encompassed two new regions, a type III restriction modification system and a multidrug resistance integron. The integron platform contained a novel arrangement formed by gene cassettes drfA15 and qacH, and a class C-attC group II intron. Furthermore, insertion of ICESh95 occurred at a unique target site, which correlated with the presence of a different xis/int module. Mobility of ICESh95 was assessed and demonstrated its ability to self-transfer with high efficiency to different species of bacteria. Our results show that ICESh95 is a self-transmissible, mobile element, which can contribute to the dissemination of antimicrobial resistance; this is clearly a threat when natural bacteria from water ecosystems, such as Shewanella, act as vectors in its propagation.
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Médica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (IMPaM, UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
authors.forename: Gisela
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Parmeciano Di Noto
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Organización y Evolución del Genoma, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay.
authors.forename: Eugenio
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Jara
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Desarrollo Biotecnológico, Instituto de Higiene, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay.|Departamento de Bioquímica y Genómica Microbianas & Departamento de Genómica, IIBCE, Montevideo, Uruguay.
authors.forename: Andrés
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Iriarte
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Médica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (IMPaM, UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
authors.forename: Daniela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Centrón
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Médica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (IMPaM, UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
authors.forename: Cecilia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Quiroga
mesh_terms: D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D001483:Base Sequence; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D024901:Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics*; D022761:Gene Transfer, Horizontal / Q000235:genetics*; D016680:Genome, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D032023:Integrons / Q000235:genetics*; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D020592:Shewanella / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D001618:beta-Lactamases / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins; D001618:beta-Lactamases; C063912:carbapenemase