title: Expression of cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 1 and 2 (CysLTR1 and CysLTR2) in the lymphocytes of hyperplastic tonsils: comparison between allergic and nonallergic snoring children.
abstract: Cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 1 and 2 (CysLTR1 and CysLTR2) are involved in allergic processes and play a role in adenotonsillar hyperplasia (AH). Clinically, only CysLTR1 may be blocked by montelukast. Our objective was to compare the expression of CysLTR1 and CysLTR2 in the B and T cells of hyperplasic tonsils of sensitized (SE) and control (NS) snoring children.
  
  
  
  Sixty children, 5 to 10 years of age, referred for adenotonsillectomy, were divided into SE and NS groups, according to their responses to the skin-prick test. Cells from the removed tissues were stained for CysLTR1, CysLTR2, CD19, and CD3 and counted via flow cytometry. messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of the CysLTRs genes was measured real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR).
  
  
  
  The SE group showed reduced expression of the small CD3+/CysLTR1+ lymphocytes (4.6 ± 2.2 vs 6.5 ± 5.0; p = 0.04). Regarding the large lymphocytes, the SE group showed lower expression of CD3+/CysLTR1+ (40.9 ± 14.5 vs 47.6 ± 11.7; p = 0.05), CD19+/CysLTR1+ (44.6 ± 16.9 vs 54.1 ± 12.4; p = 0.01), and CD19+/CysLTR2+ (55.3 ± 11.3 vs 61.5 ± 12.6; p = 0.05) lymphocytes. Considering the total number of lymphocytes, the SE group had fewer CD3+/CysLTR1+ lymphocytes (11.1 ± 5.5 vs 13.7 ± 6.2; p = 0.04). All other cell populations exhibited reduced expression in the SE group without statistical significance. The expression of CysLTR2 was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than CysLTR1 in most studied cell populations. The mRNA expression did not show significant differences between the groups.
  
  
  
  The expression of CysLTR is higher in the lymphocytes of the NS children, and CysLTR2 shows greater expression than CysLTR1 Respiratory allergies do not appear to be a stimulus for AH occurrence. Newer drugs capable of blocking both CysLTRs warrant further study.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology of Hospital das Clinicas, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil. brunopaulucci@usp.br, bruno.paulucci@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Bruno Peres
authors.initials: BP
authors.lastname: Paulucci
authors.affiliation: Department of Hematology of Hospital das Clinicas, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Juliana
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pereira
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology of Hospital das Clinicas, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Picciarelli
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Research in Hematology of Hospital das Clinicas, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Debora
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Levy
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology of Hospital das Clinicas, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Renata Cantisani
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Di Francesco
mesh_terms: D000234:Adenoids / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006965:Hyperplasia / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D006967:Hypersensitivity / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D014066:Palatine Tonsil / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D018077:Receptors, Leukotriene / Q000235:genetics*; D012913:Snoring / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D012333:RNA, Messenger; D018077:Receptors, Leukotriene; C412375:cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 2; C083169:leukotriene D4 receptor
keywords: allergy; cysteinyl leukotriene receptor; hyperplasia; lymphocyte; tonsil