title: Urinary metabolites as noninvasive biomarkers of gastrointestinal diseases: A clinical review.
abstract: The diagnosis of gastrointestinal (GI) disorders is usually based on invasive techniques such as endoscopy. A key important factor in GI cancer is early diagnosis which warrants development of non- or less-invasive diagnostic techniques. In addition, monitoring and surveillance are other important parts in the management of GI diseases. Metabolomics studies with nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry can measure the concentration of more than 3000 chemical compounds in the urine providing possible chemical signature in different diseases and during health. In this review, we discuss the urinary metabolomics signature of different GI diseases including GI cancer and elaborate on how these biomarkers could be used for the classification, early diagnosis and the monitoring of the patients. Moreover, we discuss future directions of this still evolving field of research.
authors.affiliation: Irene Sarosiek, Mohammad Bashashati, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX 79905, United States.
authors.forename: Irene
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Sarosiek
authors.affiliation: Irene Sarosiek, Mohammad Bashashati, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX 79905, United States.
authors.forename: Rudolf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Schicho
authors.affiliation: Irene Sarosiek, Mohammad Bashashati, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX 79905, United States.
authors.forename: Pedro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Blandon
authors.affiliation: Irene Sarosiek, Mohammad Bashashati, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX 79905, United States.
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bashashati
keywords: Cancer; Gastrointestinal diseases; Inflammatory bowel disease; Metabolome; Metabolomics; Urine