title: The arterial microenvironment: the where and why of atherosclerosis.
abstract: The formation of atherosclerotic plaques in the large and medium sized arteries is classically driven by systemic factors, such as elevated cholesterol and blood pressure. However, work over the past several decades has established that atherosclerotic plaque development involves a complex coordination of both systemic and local cues that ultimately determine where plaques form and how plaques progress. Although current therapeutics for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease primarily target the systemic risk factors, a large array of studies suggest that the local microenvironment, including arterial mechanics, matrix remodelling and lipid deposition, plays a vital role in regulating the local susceptibility to plaque development through the regulation of vascular cell function. Additionally, these microenvironmental stimuli are capable of tuning other aspects of the microenvironment through collective adaptation. In this review, we will discuss the components of the arterial microenvironment, how these components cross-talk to shape the local microenvironment, and the effect of microenvironmental stimuli on vascular cell function during atherosclerotic plaque formation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 71130, U.S.A.
authors.forename: Arif
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yurdagul
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 71130, U.S.A.
authors.forename: Alexandra C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Finney
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 71130, U.S.A.
authors.forename: Matthew D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Woolard
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 71130, U.S.A. Department of Pathology and Translational Pathobiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 71130, U.S.A. aorr@lsuhsc.edu.
authors.forename: A Wayne
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Orr
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D008954:Models, Biological; D058226:Plaque, Atherosclerotic / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D012307:Risk Factors
keywords: atherosclerosis; extracellular matrix; inflammation; microenvironment; shear stress