title: Genetic differentiation of Liparus glabrirostris (Curculionidae: Molytinae) populations from the fragmented habitats of the Alps and Carpathian Mountains.
abstract: Populations of Liparus glabrirostris (Curculionidae: Molytinae), a weevil inhabiting higher altitudes of Central Europe, were sampled from 24 localities in the Alps and Carpathian Mountains, and the geographical structuring of genetic variation was analyzed. Comparison of the concatenated mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I and subunit II sequences revealed consistent genetic divergence between the populations of L. glabrirostris from different mountain ranges. In phylogenetic analysis using maximum parsimony and median-joining networks, concatenated mitochondrial haplotypes from the Alps and Carpathians clustered as separate lineages, with high bootstrap support. Substantial genetic distances determined between the separated groups ranged from 2.6 to 3.0%, with divergence estimated to have initiated approximately 0.85-0.98 million years ago. The nuclear elongation factor 1α gene was additionally amplified and haplotype analysis showed very low evolutionary divergence (0.2%), with separate clustering as well. The observed divergence suggests that the populations have been isolated for a long time, as a consequence of environmental changes resulting in varying fragmentation of habitats in the Alps and Carpathians, interrupting genetic exchange events and altering the genetic structure of L. glabrirostris populations. On the other hand, comparison of morphological characteristics showed no differences to confirm genetically well differentiated groups of populations. A polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism-based method was therefore developed to discriminate between the Alpine and Carpathian lineages.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Pests,Institute for Plant Protection and Environment,Banatska 33,11080 Zemun,Serbia.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mitrović
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Biology,Institute of Zoology,University of Belgrade,Studentski trg 16,11000 Belgrade,Serbia.
authors.forename: Ž
authors.initials: Ž
authors.lastname: Tomanović
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Pests,Institute for Plant Protection and Environment,Banatska 33,11080 Zemun,Serbia.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jakovljević
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Biology,Institute of Zoology,University of Belgrade,Studentski trg 16,11000 Belgrade,Serbia.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Radović
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Aphidology,Department of Experimental Ecology,Institute of Entomology,Biology Centre,Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic,Branišovská 31,37005 České Budějovice,Czech Republic.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Havelka
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Aphidology,Department of Experimental Ecology,Institute of Entomology,Biology Centre,Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic,Branišovská 31,37005 České Budějovice,Czech Republic.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Stary
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial / Q000737:chemistry; D017753:Ecosystem; D005060:Europe; D049810:Genetic Speciation; D014644:Genetic Variation; D006239:Haplotypes; D010802:Phylogeny; D058974:Phylogeography; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D012934:Social Isolation; D048889:Weevils / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial
keywords: Liparus glabrirostris; allopatric speciation; mitochondrial DNA; nuclear elongation factor 1α