title: Oxidation-Based Continuous Laser Writing in Vertical Nano-Crystalline Graphite Thin Films.
abstract: Nano and femtosecond laser writing are becoming very popular techniques for patterning carbon-based materials, as they are single-step processes enabling the drawing of complex shapes without photoresist. However, pulsed laser writing requires costly laser sources and is known to cause damages to the surrounding material. By comparison, continuous-wave lasers are cheap, stable and provide energy at a more moderate rate. Here, we show that a continuous-wave laser may be used to pattern vertical nano-crystalline graphite thin films with very few macroscale defects. Moreover, a spatially resolved study of the impact of the annealing to the crystalline structure and to the oxygen ingress in the film is provided: amorphization, matter removal and high oxygen content at the center of the beam; sp(2) clustering and low oxygen content at its periphery. These data strongly suggest that amorphization and matter removal are controlled by carbon oxidation. The simultaneous occurrence of oxidation and amorphization results in a unique evolution of the Raman spectra as a function of annealing time, with a decrease of the I(D)/I(G) values but an upshift of the G peak frequency.
authors.affiliation: CINTRA CNRS/NTU/Thalès, UMI 3288, 50 Nanyang Drive, Singapore.|School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore.|LPICM, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Université Paris Saclay, 91128, Palaiseau, France.
authors.forename: Loïc
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Loisel
authors.affiliation: LPICM, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Université Paris Saclay, 91128, Palaiseau, France.
authors.forename: Ileana
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Florea
authors.affiliation: LPICM, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Université Paris Saclay, 91128, Palaiseau, France.
authors.forename: Costel-Sorin
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Cojocaru
authors.affiliation: CINTRA CNRS/NTU/Thalès, UMI 3288, 50 Nanyang Drive, Singapore.|School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore.
authors.forename: Beng Kang
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Tay
authors.affiliation: LPICM, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Université Paris Saclay, 91128, Palaiseau, France.|Université Paris-Est, IFSTTAR, 14-20 Bd Newton, Champs-sur-Marne, F-77447, Marne-la-Vallée, France.
authors.forename: Bérengère
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lebental