title: A wearable chemical-electrophysiological hybrid biosensing system for real-time health and fitness monitoring.
abstract: Flexible, wearable sensing devices can yield important information about the underlying physiology of a human subject for applications in real-time health and fitness monitoring. Despite significant progress in the fabrication of flexible biosensors that naturally comply with the epidermis, most designs measure only a small number of physical or electrophysiological parameters, and neglect the rich chemical information available from biomarkers. Here, we introduce a skin-worn wearable hybrid sensing system that offers simultaneous real-time monitoring of a biochemical (lactate) and an electrophysiological signal (electrocardiogram), for more comprehensive fitness monitoring than from physical or electrophysiological sensors alone. The two sensing modalities, comprising a three-electrode amperometric lactate biosensor and a bipolar electrocardiogram sensor, are co-fabricated on a flexible substrate and mounted on the skin. Human experiments reveal that physiochemistry and electrophysiology can be measured simultaneously with negligible cross-talk, enabling a new class of hybrid sensing devices.
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0407, USA.
authors.forename: Somayeh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Imani
authors.affiliation: Department of Nanoengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0448, USA.
authors.forename: Amay J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Bandodkar
authors.affiliation: Department of Nanoengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0448, USA.
authors.forename: A M Vinu
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Mohan
authors.affiliation: Department of Nanoengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0448, USA.
authors.forename: Rajan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0407, USA.
authors.forename: Shengfei
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Department of Nanoengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0448, USA.
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0407, USA.
authors.forename: Patrick P
authors.initials: PP
authors.lastname: Mercier
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D015374:Biosensing Techniques; D004562:Electrocardiography; D005080:Exercise Test / Q000295:instrumentation*; D006801:Humans; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000032:analysis*; D008297:Male; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic / Q000295:instrumentation*; D013542:Sweat / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D019344:Lactic Acid