title: Prevalence of insomnia and its risk factors in older individuals: a community-based study in four cities of Hebei Province, China.
abstract: To examine the epidemiology of sleep problems and insomnia among the community older individuals in Hebei Province, China, and to investigate the potential sociodemographic and clinical correlates and medication use.
  
  
  
  This cross-sectional study was conducted with community adults, aged 60 years or older, who resided in four major cities in Hebei province. Basic sociodemographic and clinical data were collected and analyzed. A total of 3176 older adults (1292 men, 70.2 ± 6.8 years; 1884 women, 68.8 ± 6.7 years) were interviewed. All of the participants were interviewed with a standardized questionnaire and underwent insomnia screening.
  
  
  
  The prevalence of insomnia was 37.75%. The most common type of sleep disturbance was difficulty maintaining sleep, followed by difficulty initiating sleep and early morning awakening. Never smoking, experiencing the loss of a parent, a history of coronary heart disease, and depression symptoms were independent risk factors for insomnia in men. Occasional drinking was an independent protective factor against insomnia in men. Older age, depression symptoms, a history of cerebral hemorrhage, hyperlipidemia, living without a spouse, and having mild cognitive impairment were independent risk factors for insomnia in women. Only 11.1% of the sample with insomnia were taking sleeping medications regularly.
  
  
  
  Insomnia is highly prevalent among the community older population in Hebei Province. The percentage of individuals regularly taking sleeping medication is low among those with insomnia. Individuals with complaints of insomnia frequently have poor physical and mental health and may need more medical attention. Comprehensive measures that involve psychosocial and personal behaviors should be implemented to alleviate insomnia in older individuals.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Mental Health/National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorder/Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China; Institute of Mental Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China; Department of Psychiatry, First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.
authors.forename: Yu-Mei
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Mental Health/National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorder/Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Hong-Guang
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Institute of Mental Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China; Department of Psychiatry, First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.
authors.forename: Mei
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: Institute of Mental Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China; Department of Psychiatry, First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.
authors.forename: Shun-Jiang
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Institute of Mental Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China; Department of Psychiatry, First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.
authors.forename: Lu-Lu
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Institute of Mental Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China; Department of Psychiatry, First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.
authors.forename: Lan
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Mental Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China; Department of Psychiatry, First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.
authors.forename: Ran
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Mental Health/National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorder/Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Le
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.affiliation: Institute of Mental Health/National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorder/Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Jia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: Institute of Mental Health/National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorder/Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Yue-Qin
authors.initials: YQ
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Mental Health/National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorder/Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Hong-Qiang
authors.initials: HQ
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Institute of Mental Health/National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorder/Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Cheng-Ying
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.affiliation: Institute of Mental Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China. Electronic address: wangyumei19771021@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Xue-Yi
authors.initials: XY
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Mental Health/National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorder/Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China. Electronic address: linlu@bjmu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lu
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000375:Aging; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D002947:Cities; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003710:Demography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D007319:Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: China; Community; Elderly; Epidemiology; Insomnia; Sleep