title: Quality of Life After Ostomy Surgery in Muslim Patients: A Systematic Review of the Literature and Suggestions for Clinical Practice.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine factors that influence health-related quality of life (HRQOL) after ostomy surgery in Muslim patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  A systematic literature review of published data was carried out using MeSH terms ("Muslim" OR "Islam") AND ("stoma" OR "ostomy" OR "colostomy" OR "ileostomy") AND "quality of life" AND "outcomes."
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twelve studies enrolling 913 subjects were deemed suitable for inclusion in the review. HRQOL was found to be particularly impaired in Muslims; this impairment went beyond that experienced by non-Muslim patients. Factors associated with this difference included psychological factors, social isolation, underreporting of complications, and sexual dysfunction leading to breakdown of marital relations as well as diminished religious practices.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Muslims requiring ostomies should receive preoperative counseling by surgeons and ostomy nurses. These discussions should also include faith leaders and/or hospital chaplains. Ongoing support after surgery can be extended into the community and encompass family doctors and faith leaders. Additional research exploring HRQOL after surgery in Muslims living in Western societies is indicated.
authors.affiliation: Fareed Iqbal, MBChB, BMedSc (Hons), MRCS (Eng), Sir Alan Parks Physiology Unit, St Marks Hospital, Harrow London, United Kingdom. Omar Kujan, PhD, DDS, MSc, Department of Oral Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, Al-Farabi College, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Douglas M. Bowley, MBBS, FRCS, Department of Surgery, Heart of England NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom. Michael R. B. Keighley, MS, MBBS, FRCS, CMC Vellore, India; and Theology, Spirituality and Health, Department of Theology and Religion, University of Durham, Durham, United Kingdom. Carolynne J. Vaizey, MD, MBChB, FRCS, FCS (SA), Sir Alan Parks Physiology Unit, St Marks Hospital, Harrow, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Fareed
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Iqbal
authors.forename: Omar
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Kujan
authors.forename: Douglas M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Bowley
authors.forename: Michael R B
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Keighley
authors.forename: Carolynne J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Vaizey
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007514:Islam / Q000523:psychology*; D008297:Male; D010030:Ostomy / Q000523:psychology*; D011788:Quality of Life / Q000523:psychology*; D012725:Sexual Behavior / Q000523:psychology; D057545:Social Stigma