title: Characterization of 18F-FPyKYNE-Losartan for Imaging AT1 Receptors.
abstract: Most physiologic effects of the renin angiotensin system (RAS) are mediated via the angiotensin (Ang) type 1 receptor (AT1R). The18F-FPyKYNE derivative of the clinically used AT1R blocker losartan exhibits high binding selectivity for kidney AT1R and rapid metabolism in rats. The aim of this study was to further assess the binding profile of this novel PET agent for imaging AT1R in rats and pigs.
  
  
  METHODS
  In vitro binding assays were performed with18F-FPyKYNE-losartan in rat kidneys. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were used to assess dosimetry, antagonistic efficacy via blood pressure measurements, and presence of labeled metabolites in kidneys. Test-retest PET imaging, blocking with AT1R antagonist candesartan (10 mg/kg), and plasma metabolism analysis were performed in female Yorkshire pigs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  18F-FPyKYNE-losartan bound with high affinity (dissociation constant of 49.4 ± 18.0 nM and maximal binding of 348 ± 112 fmol/mm2) to rat kidney AT1R. It bound strongly to plasma proteins in rats (97%), and its labeled metabolites displayed minimal interference on renal AT1R binding. FPyKYNE-losartan fully antagonized the Ang II pressor effect, albeit with 4-fold potency reduction (the effective dose inhibiting 50% of the Ang II-induced maximal pressor response of 25.5 mg/kg) relative to losartan. PET imaging exhibited high kidney-to-blood contrast and slow renal clearance, with an SUV of 14.1 ± 6.2. Excellent reproducibility was observed in the calculated test-retest variability (7.2% ± 0.75%). Only hydrophilic-labeled metabolites were present in plasma samples, and renal retention was reduced (-60%) at 10-15 min after blockade with candesartan.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  18F-FPyKYNE-losartan has a favorable binding profile and displays high potential for translational work in humans as an AT1R PET imaging agent.
authors.affiliation: National Cardiac PET Centre, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Maryam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hachem
authors.affiliation: Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Neuroscience Program), Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; and.
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tiberi
authors.affiliation: National Cardiac PET Centre, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Basma
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ismail
authors.affiliation: National Cardiac PET Centre, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Chad R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Hunter
authors.affiliation: National Cardiac PET Centre, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Natasha
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Arksey
authors.affiliation: National Cardiac PET Centre, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Tayebeh
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hadizad
authors.affiliation: National Cardiac PET Centre, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Rob S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Beanlands
authors.affiliation: National Cardiac PET Centre, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Robert A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: deKemp
authors.affiliation: National Cardiac PET Centre, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada Department of Radiology, Radio-Oncology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Montreal, University of Montreal Hospital Research Centre (CRCHUM), Montréal, Québec, Canada jean.dasilva@umontreal.ca.
authors.forename: Jean N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: DaSilva
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D005462:Fluorine Radioisotopes; D019808:Losartan / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D008297:Male; D009842:Oligopeptides / Q000737:chemistry*; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography / Q000379:methods*; D011874:Radiometry; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D044140:Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D013552:Swine; D014018:Tissue Distribution
chemical_list: D005462:Fluorine Radioisotopes; D009842:Oligopeptides; D044140:Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1; D019808:Losartan
keywords: AT1R specific binding; PET imaging studies in rats and pigs; RAS; dosimetry; metabolism