title: Pyrococcus kukulkanii sp. nov., a hyperthermophilic, piezophilic archaeon isolated from a deep-sea hydrothermal vent.
abstract: A novel hyperthermophilic, piezophilic, anaerobic archaeon, designated NCB100T, was isolated from a hydrothermal vent flange fragment collected in the Guaymas basin at the hydrothermal vent site named 'Rebecca's Roost' at a depth of 1997 m. Enrichment and isolation were performed at 100 °C under atmospheric pressure. Cells of strain NCB100T were highly motile, irregular cocci with a diameter of ~1 µm. Growth was recorded at temperatures between 70 and 112 °C (optimum 105 °C) and hydrostatic pressures of 0.1-80 MPa (optimum 40-50 MPa). Growth was observed at pH 3.5-8.5 (optimum pH 7) and with 1.5-7 % NaCl (optimum at 2.5-3 %). Strain NCB100T was a strictly anaerobic chemo-organoheterotroph and grew on complex proteinaceous substrates such as yeast extract, peptone and tryptone, as well as on glycogen and starch. Elemental sulfur was required for growth and was reduced to hydrogen sulfide. The fermentation products from complex proteinaceous substrates were CO2 and H2. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 41.3 %. Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that strain NCB100T belongs to the genus Pyrococcus, showing 99 % similarity with the other described species of the genus Pyrococcus. On the basis of physiological characteristics, DNA G+C content, similarity level between ribosomal proteins and an average nucleotide identity value of 79 %, strain NCB100T represents a novel species for which the name Pyrococcus kukulkanii sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is NCB100T (=DSM 101590T=Souchothèque de Bretagne BG1337T).
authors.affiliation: Department of Geological Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.|CNRS, Laboratoire de Microbiologie des Environnements Extrêmes, UMR 6197, 4, rue Dumont d'Urville, 29280 Plouzané, France.|Université de Brest, UEB, IUEM, Laboratoire de Microbiologie des Environnements Extrêmes, UMR 6197, 4, rue Dumont d'Urville, 29280 Plouzané, France.|Université de Brest, Domaines Océaniques IUEM, UMR 6538, 4, rue Dumont d'Urville, 29280 Plouzané, France.|Ifremer, Laboratoire de Microbiologie des Environnements Extrêmes, UMR 6197, Technopôle Brest Iroise, CS10070, 29280 Plouzané, France.
authors.forename: Nolwenn
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Callac
authors.affiliation: Univ Lyon, INSA de Lyon, CNRS UMR 5240, Lyon, France.
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Oger
authors.affiliation: Université de Brest, UEB, IUEM, Laboratoire de Microbiologie des Environnements Extrêmes, UMR 6197, 4, rue Dumont d'Urville, 29280 Plouzané, France.|Ifremer, Laboratoire de Microbiologie des Environnements Extrêmes, UMR 6197, Technopôle Brest Iroise, CS10070, 29280 Plouzané, France.|CNRS, Laboratoire de Microbiologie des Environnements Extrêmes, UMR 6197, 4, rue Dumont d'Urville, 29280 Plouzané, France.
authors.forename: Françoise
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lesongeur
authors.affiliation: Department of Geological Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Jayne E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Rattray
authors.affiliation: Université de Brest, UEB, IUEM, Laboratoire de Microbiologie des Environnements Extrêmes, UMR 6197, 4, rue Dumont d'Urville, 29280 Plouzané, France.|Ifremer, Laboratoire de Microbiologie des Environnements Extrêmes, UMR 6197, Technopôle Brest Iroise, CS10070, 29280 Plouzané, France.|CNRS, Laboratoire de Microbiologie des Environnements Extrêmes, UMR 6197, 4, rue Dumont d'Urville, 29280 Plouzané, France.
authors.forename: Pauline
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Vannier
authors.affiliation: Université de Brest, UEB, IUEM, Laboratoire de Microbiologie des Environnements Extrêmes, UMR 6197, 4, rue Dumont d'Urville, 29280 Plouzané, France.|Ifremer, Laboratoire de Microbiologie des Environnements Extrêmes, UMR 6197, Technopôle Brest Iroise, CS10070, 29280 Plouzané, France.|CNRS, Laboratoire de Microbiologie des Environnements Extrêmes, UMR 6197, 4, rue Dumont d'Urville, 29280 Plouzané, France.
authors.forename: Grégoire
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Michoud
authors.affiliation: Université de Brest, UEB, IUEM, Laboratoire de Microbiologie des Environnements Extrêmes, UMR 6197, 4, rue Dumont d'Urville, 29280 Plouzané, France.|Ifremer, Laboratoire de Microbiologie des Environnements Extrêmes, UMR 6197, Technopôle Brest Iroise, CS10070, 29280 Plouzané, France.|CNRS, Laboratoire de Microbiologie des Environnements Extrêmes, UMR 6197, 4, rue Dumont d'Urville, 29280 Plouzané, France.
authors.forename: Mickael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Beauverger
authors.affiliation: Ifremer, Laboratoire Environnements Profonds, Technopôle Brest Iroise, CS10070, 29280 Plouzané, France.
authors.forename: Nicolas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Gayet
authors.affiliation: Ifremer, Laboratoire de Géochimie et de Métallogénie, Technopôle Brest Iroise, CS10070, 29280 Plouzané, France.
authors.forename: Olivier
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Rouxel
authors.affiliation: Université de Brest, UEB, IUEM, Laboratoire de Microbiologie des Environnements Extrêmes, UMR 6197, 4, rue Dumont d'Urville, 29280 Plouzané, France.|Ifremer, Laboratoire de Microbiologie des Environnements Extrêmes, UMR 6197, Technopôle Brest Iroise, CS10070, 29280 Plouzané, France.|CNRS, Laboratoire de Microbiologie des Environnements Extrêmes, UMR 6197, 4, rue Dumont d'Urville, 29280 Plouzané, France.
authors.forename: Mohamed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jebbar
authors.affiliation: Ifremer, Laboratoire de Microbiologie des Environnements Extrêmes, UMR 6197, Technopôle Brest Iroise, CS10070, 29280 Plouzané, France.|CNRS, Laboratoire de Microbiologie des Environnements Extrêmes, UMR 6197, 4, rue Dumont d'Urville, 29280 Plouzané, France.|Université de Brest, UEB, IUEM, Laboratoire de Microbiologie des Environnements Extrêmes, UMR 6197, 4, rue Dumont d'Urville, 29280 Plouzané, France.
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Godfroy
mesh_terms: D001482:Base Composition; D019641:DNA, Archaeal / Q000235:genetics; D006358:Hot Temperature; D006874:Hydrostatic Pressure; D060086:Hydrothermal Vents / Q000382:microbiology*; D010802:Phylogeny; D019711:Pyrococcus / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics; D012623:Seawater / Q000382:microbiology*; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA
chemical_list: D019641:DNA, Archaeal; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S