title: 2D and 3D Mechanobiology in Human and Nonhuman Systems.
abstract: Mechanobiology involves the investigation of mechanical forces and their effect on the development, physiology, and pathology of biological systems. The human body has garnered much attention from many groups in the field, as mechanical forces have been shown to influence almost all aspects of human life ranging from breathing to cancer metastasis. Beyond being influential in human systems, mechanical forces have also been shown to impact nonhuman systems such as algae and zebrafish. Studies of nonhuman and human systems at the cellular level have primarily been done in two-dimensional (2D) environments, but most of these systems reside in three-dimensional (3D) environments. Furthermore, outcomes obtained from 3D studies are often quite different than those from 2D studies. We present here an overview of a select group of human and nonhuman systems in 2D and 3D environments. We also highlight mechanobiological approaches and their respective implications for human and nonhuman physiology.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Mechanical Engineering, Biomedical Engineering, Computational Biology, and Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States.
authors.forename: Kristin M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Warren
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering and Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida , Orlando, Florida 32827, United States.
authors.forename: Md Mydul
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Islam
authors.affiliation: Departments of Mechanical Engineering, Biomedical Engineering, Computational Biology, and Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States.
authors.forename: Philip R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: LeDuc
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering and Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida , Orlando, Florida 32827, United States.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Steward
mesh_terms: D001703:Biophysics / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans
keywords: biofilms; biomechanics; developmental biology; fluid flow; mammalian cells; stretch