title: Ly6C(hi) Monocytes Provide a Link between Antibiotic-Induced Changes in Gut Microbiota and Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis.
abstract: Antibiotics, though remarkably useful, can also cause certain adverse effects. We detected that treatment of adult mice with antibiotics decreases hippocampal neurogenesis and memory retention. Reconstitution with normal gut flora (SPF) did not completely reverse the deficits in neurogenesis unless the mice also had access to a running wheel or received probiotics. In parallel to an increase in neurogenesis and memory retention, both SPF-reconstituted mice that ran and mice supplemented with probiotics exhibited higher numbers of Ly6C(hi) monocytes in the brain than antibiotic-treated mice. Elimination of Ly6C(hi) monocytes by antibody depletion or the use of knockout mice resulted in decreased neurogenesis, whereas adoptive transfer of Ly6C(hi) monocytes rescued neurogenesis after antibiotic treatment. We propose that the rescue of neurogenesis and behavior deficits in antibiotic-treated mice by exercise and probiotics is partially mediated by Ly6C(hi) monocytes.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Medical Microbiology, University of Magdeburg, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Luisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Möhle
authors.affiliation: Department of Cellular Neuroscience, Max-Delbrueck-Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125 Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Daniele
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mattei
authors.affiliation: Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Markus M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Heimesaat
authors.affiliation: Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bereswill
authors.affiliation: Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: André
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fischer
authors.affiliation: Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Marie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Alutis
authors.affiliation: Institute of Medical Microbiology, University of Magdeburg, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Timothy
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: French
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosciences at the Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
authors.forename: Dolores
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hambardzumyan
authors.affiliation: Ghost Lab, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892-9760, USA.
authors.forename: Polly
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Matzinger
authors.affiliation: Institute of Medical Microbiology, University of Magdeburg, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Ildiko R
authors.initials: IR
authors.lastname: Dunay
authors.affiliation: Department of Cellular Neuroscience, Max-Delbrueck-Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125 Berlin, Germany. Electronic address: susanne.wolf@mdc-berlin.de.
authors.forename: Susanne A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Wolf
mesh_terms: D019264:Adoptive Transfer; D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000898:Antibiosis / Q000187:drug effects; D000950:Antigens, Ly / Q000378:metabolism*; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D002452:Cell Count; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D018920:Coculture Techniques; D000069467:Fecal Microbiota Transplantation; D000069196:Gastrointestinal Microbiome / Q000187:drug effects*; D041981:Gastrointestinal Tract / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D009000:Monocytes / Q000378:metabolism*; D058953:Neural Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D055495:Neurogenesis / Q000187:drug effects*; D010805:Physical Conditioning, Animal; D019936:Probiotics / Q000494:pharmacology; D018874:Spheroids, Cellular / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000950:Antigens, Ly; C494192:Ly-6C antigen, mouse