title: Determination of amino acids in urine of patients with prostate cancer and benign prostate growth.
abstract: Prostate cancer is the leading type of cancer diagnosed in men. Serum prostate-specific antigen levels and digital rectal exam are far from perfect when it comes to differentiation of patients with prostate cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia. In this study, we attempt to determine whether amino acids can be used as prostate cancer biomarkers. Concentrations of derivatized amino acids and amines were quantified by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. A total of 100 urine samples from the two groups including samples provided before and after prostate massage were examined quantitatively for amino acid and amine concentrations with 50 urine samples collected from cancer patients and 50 samples from patients diagnosed with benign prostatic hyperplasia. Arginine, homoserine, and proline were more abundant in urine samples of cancer patients compared with arginine, homoserine, and proline levels determined in urine collected from patients with benign growth. We also show that sarcosine is not a definitive indicator of prostate cancer when analyzed in urine samples collected either before or after prostate massage.
authors.affiliation: Departments of aMedicinal Chemistry bTheoretical Foundations of Biomedical Sciences and Medical Informatics cDepartment of Urology, Jan Biziel Hospital, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun dDepartment of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland eMetabolomics Australia, School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: Wiktor D
authors.initials: WD
authors.lastname: Sroka
authors.forename: Berin A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Boughton
authors.forename: Priyanka
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Reddy
authors.forename: Ute
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Roessner
authors.forename: Piotr
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Słupski
authors.forename: Piotr
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Jarzemski
authors.forename: Anita
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dąbrowska
authors.forename: Michał J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Markuszewski
authors.forename: Michał P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Marszałł
mesh_terms: D000596:Amino Acids / Q000652:urine*; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000652:urine*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011470:Prostatic Hyperplasia / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000652:urine*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000652:urine*
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor