title: Toxicity of tannic acid-modified silver nanoparticles in keratinocytes: potential for immunomodulatory applications.
abstract: Hydrolyzable tannins are known to exhibit anti-inflammatory activity, which can be used in combination with silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) for dermal uses. In this study, we investigated the effects of tannic acid-modified 13, 33, 46nm and unmodified 10-65nm AgNPs using the human-derived keratinocyte HaCaT and VK2-E6/E7 cell lines in the form of stationary and spheroids cultures. After exposition to tannic acid-modified AgNPs, VK2-E6/E7 cells showed higher toxicity, increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and activity of JNK stress kinase, while HaCaT cell line demonstrated less ROS production and activation of ERK kinase. AgNPs internalization was detected both in the superficial and internal layers of spheroids prepared from both cell lines. Tannic acid modified AgNPs sized above 30nm did not induce DNA breaks in comet assay performed in both cell lines. Tannic acid-modified but not unmodified AgNPs down-regulated TNF-α and LPS-triggered production of IL-8 in VK2-E6/E7 but not in HaCaT cells. In summary, tannic acid-modified AgNPs sized above 30nm show good toxicological profile both in vitro and possess immunomodulatory properties useful for potential dermal applications in humans.
authors.affiliation: Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Piotr
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Orlowski
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Technology and Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.
authors.forename: Katarzyna
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Soliwoda
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Technology and Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.
authors.forename: Emilia
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Tomaszewska
authors.affiliation: Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Karolina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bien
authors.affiliation: Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Aleksandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fruba
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Marianna
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gniadek
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Olga
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Labedz
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Faculty of Animal Science, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Zuzanna
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Nowak
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Technology and Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.
authors.forename: Grzegorz
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Celichowski
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Technology and Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.
authors.forename: Jarosław
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Grobelny
authors.affiliation: Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Warsaw, Poland. Electronic address: krzyzowskam@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Malgorzata
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Krzyzowska
mesh_terms: D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D020552:Comet Assay; D006801:Humans; D007155:Immunologic Factors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000378:metabolism; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D015603:Keratinocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D012834:Silver / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D013634:Tannins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C508606:CXCL8 protein, human; D007155:Immunologic Factors; D016209:Interleukin-8; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D013634:Tannins; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D012834:Silver; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases
keywords: Human keratinocytes; Silver nanoparticles; Spheroids; Tannic acid