title: Quantification of 1-hydroxypyrene in undiluted human urine samples using magnetic solid-phase extraction coupled with internal extractive electrospray ionization mass spectrometry.
abstract: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a group of ubiquitous environmental contaminants raising worldwide concerns due to their carcinogenic effects. In this study, 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OHP, the most widely used biomarker of internal dose of PAHs exposure) in undiluted human urine samples (10 mL) was selectively enriched by polypyrrole-coated Fe3O4 magnetite nanocomposites (termed as Fe3O4@Ppy, 1 mg) and then directly eluted by the electrospraying solvent (acetone/benzene/acetic acid (v/v/v, 90/10/1); 100 uL) biased with -3.5 kV to produce the deprotonated 1-OHP anions for mass spectrometric analysis. The method established here significantly improved the current performance for detection of urinary 1-OHP, providing the speed for a single sample analysis within 4 min, the limits of detection (LOD) of 0.0001 μg L(-1), the linear response range of 0.001-5.000 μg L(-1) (R(2) = 0.9994), recovery rates of 90.6-96.1%, and relative standard deviation (RSD, n = 6) values between 2.9% and 8.0%. Human samples including raw human urine collected from 10 healthy volunteers (5 smokers and 5 nonsmokers) and 7 lung cancer patients have been successfully analyzed, showing that magnetic solid-phase extraction (MSPE) coupled with internal extractive electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (iEESI-MS) is an alternative strategy for high throughput quantitative detection of urinary 1-OHP for health risk assessment of PAHs exposure.
authors.affiliation: Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Mass Spectrometry and Instrumentation, East China University of Technology, Nanchang 330013, PR China.
authors.forename: Hua
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Mass Spectrometry and Instrumentation, East China University of Technology, Nanchang 330013, PR China.
authors.forename: Haiyan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Mass Spectrometry and Instrumentation, East China University of Technology, Nanchang 330013, PR China.
authors.forename: Haichun
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Mass Spectrometry and Instrumentation, East China University of Technology, Nanchang 330013, PR China.
authors.forename: Jianchuan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Mass Spectrometry and Instrumentation, East China University of Technology, Nanchang 330013, PR China.
authors.forename: Xiaowei
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, PR China.
authors.forename: Bi-Feng
authors.initials: BF
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, PR China. Electronic address: yqfeng@whu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Yu-Qi
authors.initials: YQ
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.affiliation: Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Mass Spectrometry and Instrumentation, East China University of Technology, Nanchang 330013, PR China. Electronic address: chw8868@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Huanwen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D052203:Ferrosoferric Oxide / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D008280:Magnetics; D011721:Pyrenes / Q000652:urine*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D052616:Solid Phase Extraction / Q000379:methods*; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D011721:Pyrenes; C033146:1-hydroxypyrene; D052203:Ferrosoferric Oxide
keywords: 1-Hydroxypyrene; 1-OHP; Extractive electrospray ionization (EESI); Health risk assessment; Magnetic solid-phase extraction (MSPE); Mass spectrometry (MS); PAH; Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon; Polypyrrole-coated Fe(3)O(4) magnetite nanocomposite