title: MODE OF ATTACHMENT AND PATHOLOGY CAUSED BY PARORCHITES ZEDERI IN THREE SPECIES OF PENGUINS: PYGOSCELIS PAPUA, PYGOSCELIS ADELIAE, AND PYGOSCELIS ANTARCTICA IN ANTARCTICA.
abstract: We identified and compared gross and microscopic lesions associated with the cestode, Parorchites zederi, in the digestive tracts of three species of penguins (Spheniscidae): the Chinstrap ( Pygoscelis antarctica ), Gentoo ( Pygoscelis papua ), and Adélie penguins ( Pygoscelis adeliae ). The gastrointestinal tracts of 79 recently dead individuals (71 chicks and eight adults) were collected in locations throughout the Antarctic Peninsula during summer field trips in 2006-09. Parorchites zederi was found in the small intestine of 37 animals (47%), and 23 (62%) of these had parasite-associated lesions. The cestodes were either free in the intestinal lumen, clustered within mucosal ulcers, or deeply embedded in the intestinal wall. Histopathologic changes were most severe in adult Gentoo Penguins and included transmural fibrogranulomatous enteritis, hemorrhage, and edema. This report of pathology associated with P. zederi in the digestive tracts of penguins can serve as reference to monitor health in Antarctic birds associated with environmental changes.
authors.affiliation: 1   Departamento de Sanidad Animal (Parasitología), Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Murcia, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum," Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
authors.forename: María A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Martín
authors.affiliation: 1   Departamento de Sanidad Animal (Parasitología), Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Murcia, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum," Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain.|11   Unidad Asociada de Ecología e Inmunología Parasitaria, CSIC-Universidad de Murcia, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum," Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
authors.forename: Juana M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Ortiz
authors.affiliation: 2   Departamento de Anatomía y Anatomía Patológica Comparadas, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Murcia, Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Seva
authors.affiliation: 1   Departamento de Sanidad Animal (Parasitología), Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Murcia, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum," Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain.|4   Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (CSIC) C/José Gutiérrez Abascal, 2, Madrid 28006, Spain.
authors.forename: Virginia
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Vidal
authors.affiliation: 3   Departamento de Ecología Funcional y Evolutiva, Estación Experimental de Zonas Áridas (CSIC), Ctra. Sacramento s/n, La Cañada de San Urbano, 04120 Almería, Spain.|11   Unidad Asociada de Ecología e Inmunología Parasitaria, CSIC-Universidad de Murcia, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum," Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
authors.forename: Francisco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Valera
authors.affiliation: 3   Departamento de Ecología Funcional y Evolutiva, Estación Experimental de Zonas Áridas (CSIC), Ctra. Sacramento s/n, La Cañada de San Urbano, 04120 Almería, Spain.|11   Unidad Asociada de Ecología e Inmunología Parasitaria, CSIC-Universidad de Murcia, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum," Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
authors.forename: Jesús
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Benzal
authors.affiliation: 4   Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (CSIC) C/José Gutiérrez Abascal, 2, Madrid 28006, Spain.|11   Unidad Asociada de Ecología e Inmunología Parasitaria, CSIC-Universidad de Murcia, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum," Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
authors.forename: José J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Cuervo
authors.affiliation: 5   Departamento de Biología Animal, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Extremadura, Avenida de Elvas s/n, 06071 Badajoz, Spain.
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: de la Cruz
authors.affiliation: 6   Departamento de Ecología, Universidad de Alcalá de Henares, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Josabel
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Belliure
authors.affiliation: 7   Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Interior SN, Ciudad Universitaria, PO Box 70-360, Coyoacán 04510, México DF, México.
authors.forename: Ana M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Martínez
authors.affiliation: 8   Centro de Estudios Parasitológicos y de Vectores (CCT-La Plata-CONICET-UNLP), Calle 2, Número 584, 1900 La Plata, Buenos Aires Province, Argentina.
authors.forename: Julia I
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: Díaz
authors.affiliation: 9   Área de Toxicología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain.|11   Unidad Asociada de Ecología e Inmunología Parasitaria, CSIC-Universidad de Murcia, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum," Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
authors.forename: Miguel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Motas
authors.affiliation: 9   Área de Toxicología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain.|11   Unidad Asociada de Ecología e Inmunología Parasitaria, CSIC-Universidad de Murcia, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum," Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jerez
authors.affiliation: 10   Centro Nacional Patagónico (CENPAT-CONICET). Boulevard Brown, 2825, Puerto Madryn, Chubut, Argentina.
authors.forename: Verónica L
authors.initials: VL
authors.lastname: D'Amico
authors.affiliation: 4   Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (CSIC) C/José Gutiérrez Abascal, 2, Madrid 28006, Spain.|11   Unidad Asociada de Ecología e Inmunología Parasitaria, CSIC-Universidad de Murcia, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum," Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
authors.forename: Andrés
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Barbosa
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000864:Antarctic Regions; D002589:Cestoda / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D004777:Environment; D041981:Gastrointestinal Tract; D046429:Spheniscidae / Q000469:parasitology*
keywords: Cestoda; Parorchites zederi; Pygoscelis; histopathology; parasite effects