title: Effect of Medicago sativa L. and compost on organic and inorganic pollutant removal from a mixed contaminated soil and risk assessment using ecotoxicological tests.
abstract: Several Gentle Remediation Options (GRO), e.g., plant-based options (phytoremediation), singly and combined with soil amendments, can be simultaneously efficient for degrading organic pollutants and either stabilizing or extracting trace elements (TEs). Here, a 5-month greenhouse trial was performed to test the efficiency of Medicago sativa L., singly and combined with a compost addition (30% w/w), to treat soils contaminated by petroleum hydrocarbons (PHC), Co and Pb collected at an auto scrap yard. After 5 months, total soil Pb significantly decreased in the compost-amended soil planted with M. sativa, but not total soil Co. Compost incorporation into the soil promoted PHC degradation, M. sativa growth and survival, and shoot Pb concentrations [3.8 mg kg(-1) dry weight (DW)]. Residual risk assessment after the phytoremediation trial showed a positive effect of compost amendment on plant growth and earthworm development. The O2 uptake by soil microorganisms was lower in the compost-amended soil, suggesting a decrease in microbial activity. This study underlined the benefits of the phytoremediation option based on M. sativa cultivation and compost amendment for remediating PHC- and Pb-contaminated soils.
authors.affiliation: a Institut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale (IRBV), Université de Montréal , Montréal , QC , Canada.
authors.forename: Charlotte
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Marchand
authors.affiliation: b Department of Biology and Environmental Sciences , Linnaeus University , Kalmar , Sweden.
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Hogland
authors.affiliation: b Department of Biology and Environmental Sciences , Linnaeus University , Kalmar , Sweden.
authors.forename: Fabio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kaczala
authors.affiliation: b Department of Biology and Environmental Sciences , Linnaeus University , Kalmar , Sweden.
authors.forename: Yahya
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Jani
authors.affiliation: c INRA, UMR 1202 BIOGECO , Cestas cedex , France.
authors.forename: Lilian
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Marchand
authors.affiliation: b Department of Biology and Environmental Sciences , Linnaeus University , Kalmar , Sweden.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Augustsson
authors.affiliation: a Institut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale (IRBV), Université de Montréal , Montréal , QC , Canada.
authors.forename: Mohamed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hijri
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D031220:Lepidium sativum / Q000187:drug effects*; D000455:Medicago sativa / Q000378:metabolism*; D009835:Oligochaeta / Q000187:drug effects*; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000633:toxicity; D013548:Sweden; D018675:Toxicity Tests; D003313:Zea mays / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D012987:Soil; D012989:Soil Pollutants
keywords: cobalt; lead; petroleum hydrocarbon; phytoremediation; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon