title: Label-Free Neurosurgical Pathology with Stimulated Raman Imaging.
abstract: The goal of brain tumor surgery is to maximize tumor removal without injuring critical brain structures. Achieving this goal is challenging as it can be difficult to distinguish tumor from nontumor tissue. While standard histopathology provides information that could assist tumor delineation, it cannot be performed iteratively during surgery as freezing, sectioning, and staining of the tissue require too much time. Stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) microscopy is a powerful label-free chemical imaging technology that enables rapid mapping of lipids and proteins within a fresh specimen. This information can be rendered into pathology-like images. Although this approach has been used to assess the density of glioma cells in murine orthotopic xenografts models and human brain tumors, tissue heterogeneity in clinical brain tumors has not yet been fully evaluated with SRS imaging. Here we profile 41 specimens resected from 12 patients with a range of brain tumors. By evaluating large-scale stimulated Raman imaging data and correlating this data with current clinical gold standard of histopathology for 4,422 fields of view, we capture many essential diagnostic hallmarks for glioma classification. Notably, in fresh tumor samples, we observe additional features, not seen by conventional methods, including extensive lipid droplets within glioma cells, collagen deposition in gliosarcoma, and irregularity and disruption of myelinated fibers in areas infiltrated by oligodendroglioma cells. The data are freely available in a public resource to foster diagnostic training and to permit additional interrogation. Our work establishes the methodology and provides a significant collection of reference images for label-free neurosurgical pathology. Cancer Res; 76(12); 3451-62. ©2016 AACR.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Fa-Ke
authors.initials: FK
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Calligaris
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Olutayo I
authors.initials: OI
authors.lastname: Olubiyi
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Isaiah
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Norton
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Wenlong
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts. Nathalie_Agar@dfci.harvard.edu ssantagata@bics.bwh.harvard.edu xie@chemistry.harvard.edu agolby@bwh.harvard.edu.
authors.forename: Sandro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Santagata
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts. Nathalie_Agar@dfci.harvard.edu ssantagata@bics.bwh.harvard.edu xie@chemistry.harvard.edu agolby@bwh.harvard.edu.
authors.forename: X Sunney
authors.initials: XS
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. Nathalie_Agar@dfci.harvard.edu ssantagata@bics.bwh.harvard.edu xie@chemistry.harvard.edu agolby@bwh.harvard.edu.
authors.forename: Alexandra J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Golby
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. Nathalie_Agar@dfci.harvard.edu ssantagata@bics.bwh.harvard.edu xie@chemistry.harvard.edu agolby@bwh.harvard.edu.
authors.forename: Nathalie Y R
authors.initials: NY
authors.lastname: Agar
mesh_terms: D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D003094:Collagen / Q000032:analysis; D005910:Glioma / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D013059:Spectrum Analysis, Raman / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D003094:Collagen