title: [ENHANCEMENT OF THE IMMUNE RESPONSE BY CO-DELIVERY OF THE HEPATITIS C VIRUS RECOMBINANT DNA AND PROTEINS OF REPLI- CATIVE COMPLEX GENETIC VARIANTS OF THE NOROVIRUS GENOTYPE GII.6].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Noroviruses--etiological agents of acute enteric infections, mainly related to the genotype GII.4. However, other genotypes of the noroviruses also play an important role in some epidemic seasons or in particular geographic regions. The norovirus genotype GII.6 has become the second most important etiologic agent of outbreaks of the norovirus infection after GII.4 in recent years.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To characterize the norovirus genotype GII.6 genetic variants based on phylogenetic analysis of genome sequences submitted to the databases GenBank and NoroNet as well as identified in Nizhny Novgorod.
  
  
  METHODS
  Norovirus genotype GII.6 circulating with sporadic morbidity that had caused the outbreak of acute enteric infection in Nizhny Novgorod were identified by sequencing the region of the genome encoding the N/S-domain of capsid protein VP1. The comparative phylogenetic analysis of obtained sequences and sequences available in the international genetic databases was performed using the MEGA 5.2 software package.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The presence of three genetic variants of the noroviruses GII.6 genotype based on capsid protein gene, GII.6a (Seacroft_1990), GII.6b (Saitama_1997) and GII.6c (Shizuoka 2008), in combination with two genotypes of the polymerase gene, P6 and P7, was confirmed. It was shown that co-circulation of these variants from the 1970s reflected the differences in evolution between the minor genotypes of noroviruses and dominant genotype GII.4, whose new epidemic variants completely replaced the previous for several years. Noroviruses GII.6 circulating in Nizhny Novgorod and other cities of Russia belong to genovariants GII.6a and GII.6b.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The recombinant noroviruses GII.P7_GII.6c became most widespread in Asia and Europe in recent years. Genetic variant GII.6c of the norovirus have not been identified in Russia, but we cannot exclude the possibility of their occurrence as a cause of the outbreaks of acute enteric infections in this country in the near future.
authors.forename: N V
authors.initials: NV
authors.lastname: Epifanova
mesh_terms: D036022:Capsid Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004760:Enterocolitis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology*; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D029322:Norovirus / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D010802:Phylogeny; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic
chemical_list: D036022:Capsid Proteins