title: Acute Retinal Necrosis Presenting in Developmentally-delayed Patients with Neonatal Encephalitis: A Case Series and Literature Review.
abstract: We report three cases of patients with developmental-delay from neonatal herpetic encephalitis and/or meningitis who presented years later with acute retinal necrosis due to herpes simplex virus. The diagnosis was delayed in all cases due to the patients' inability to verbalize their ocular complaints and cooperate with eye examinations. This case series documents the clinical course, pathophysiologic mechanism, and treatment of acute retinal necrosis in this patient population. Clinicians should understand the importance of prudent consideration of acute retinal necrosis in patients with a history of neonatal herpetic encephalitis and/or meningitis presenting with a red eye.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science , University of California Davis Eye Center , Sacramento , California , USA.
authors.forename: Kingsley
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Okafor
authors.affiliation: a Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science , University of California Davis Eye Center , Sacramento , California , USA.
authors.forename: Jonathan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: a Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science , University of California Davis Eye Center , Sacramento , California , USA.
authors.forename: Sumeer
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Thinda
authors.affiliation: a Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science , University of California Davis Eye Center , Sacramento , California , USA.
authors.forename: Ivan
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Schwab
authors.affiliation: a Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science , University of California Davis Eye Center , Sacramento , California , USA.
authors.forename: Lawrence S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Morse
authors.affiliation: a Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science , University of California Davis Eye Center , Sacramento , California , USA.
authors.forename: Susanna S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: a Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science , University of California Davis Eye Center , Sacramento , California , USA.
authors.forename: Ala
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Moshiri
mesh_terms: D000212:Acyclovir / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000328:Adult; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002648:Child; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000235:genetics; D002658:Developmental Disabilities / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000821:virology; D004338:Drug Combinations; D020803:Encephalitis, Herpes Simplex / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000821:virology; D015828:Eye Infections, Viral / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000821:virology; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007232:Infant, Newborn, Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000821:virology; D008297:Male; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015882:Retinal Necrosis Syndrome, Acute / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000821:virology; D018139:Simplexvirus / Q000502:physiology; D014775:Virus Activation; D014822:Vitreous Body / Q000821:virology
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D000998:Antiviral Agents; D004279:DNA, Viral; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005938:Glucocorticoids; D000212:Acyclovir
keywords: ARN; encephalitis; herpes; retinitis; uveitis