title: Effects of Panax notoginseng on the Metastasis of Human Colorectal Cancer Cells.
abstract: The goal of this study was to investigate the effect of the Panax notoginseng ethanol extract (PNEE) on the regulation of human colorectal cancer (CRC) metastasis. The migratory, invasive, and adhesive abilities and the expression of metastasis-associated regulatory molecules in cultured human CRC cells (HCT-116) treated with the PNEE were analyzed in this study. The migratory and invasive abilities of HCT-116 cells were reduced after PNEE treatment. The incubation of HCT-116 cells with the PNEE for 24 h decreased MMP-9 expression and increased E-cadherin expression compared with the control group. The adhesion reaction assay indicated that treatment with the PNEE led to significantly decreased HCT-116 adhesion to endothelial cells (EA.hy926 cells). The integrin-1 protein levels in HCT-116 cells were significantly decreased following treatment with the PNEE. Similarly, the protein levels of E-selectin and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) were significantly decreased by treatment of the EA.hy926 endothelial cells with PNEE. A scanning electron microscope (SEM) examination indicated that HCT-116 cells treated with LPS combined with the PNEE had a less flattened and retracted shape compared with LPS-treated cells, and this change in shape was found to be a phenomenon of extravasation invasion. The transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) of the EA.hy926 endothelial cell monolayer increased after incubation with the PNEE for 24 h. A cell-cell permeability assay indicated that HCT-116 cells treated with the PNEE displayed significantly reduced levels of phosphorylated VE-cadherin (p-VE-cadherin). These results demonstrate the antimetastatic properties of the PNEE and show that the PNEE affects cells by inhibiting cell migration, invasion, and adhesion and regulating the expression of metastasis-associated signaling molecules.
authors.affiliation: * Department of Seafood Science, National Kaohsiung Marine University, Kaohsiung 81157, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Shu-Ling
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Hsieh
authors.affiliation: † Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Shuchen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hsieh
authors.affiliation: * Department of Seafood Science, National Kaohsiung Marine University, Kaohsiung 81157, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yu-Hao
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Kuo
authors.affiliation: ‡ Department of Nutrition and Health Science, Fooyin University, Kaohsiung 83102, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Jyh-Jye
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: § Department of Food Science and Technology, Tajen University, Pingtung 90741, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Jinn-Chyi
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: ¶ Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Chang Jung Christian University, Tainan 71101, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chih-Chung
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Wu
mesh_terms: D015820:Cadherins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019040:E-Selectin / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D053723:Panax notoginseng / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D015820:Cadherins; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; D019040:E-Selectin; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1
keywords: Adhesion; Human Colorectal Cancer Cells; Invasion; Migration; Panax notoginseng Ethanol Extract