title: Cytotoxicity of modified glass ionomer cement on odontoblast cells.
abstract: Recently a modified glass ionomer cement (GIC) with enhanced bioactivity due to the incorporation of wollastonite or mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) has been reported. The aim of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxic effect of the modified GIC on odontoblast-like cells. The cytotoxicity of a conventional GIC, wollastonite modified GIC (W-mGIC), MTA modified GIC (M-mGIC) and MTA cement has been evaluated using cement extracts, a culture media modified by the cement. Ion concentration and pH of each material in the culture media were measured and correlated to the results of the cytotoxicity study. Among the four groups, conventional GIC showed the most cytotoxicity effect, followed by W-mGIC and M-mGIC. MTA showed the least toxic effect. GIC showed the lowest pH (6.36) while MTA showed the highest (8.62). In terms of ion concentration, MTA showed the largest Ca(2+) concentration (467.3 mg/L) while GIC showed the highest concentration of Si(4+) (19.9 mg/L), Al(3+) (7.2 mg/L) and Sr(2+) (100.3 mg/L). Concentration of F(-) was under the detection limit (0.02 mg/L) for all samples. However the concentrations of these ions are considered too low to be toxic. Our study showed that the cytotoxicity of conventional GIC can be moderated by incorporating calcium silicate based ceramics. The modified GIC might be promising as novel dental restorative cements.
authors.affiliation: Ångström Laboratory, Department of Engineering Science, Applied Materials Science, Uppsala University, Box 534, 75121, Uppsala, Sweden.
authors.forename: Song
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Ångström Laboratory, Department of Engineering Science, Applied Materials Science, Uppsala University, Box 534, 75121, Uppsala, Sweden.
authors.forename: Gemma
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mestres
authors.affiliation: Ångström Laboratory, Department of Engineering Science, Applied Materials Science, Uppsala University, Box 534, 75121, Uppsala, Sweden.
authors.forename: Weihua
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Lan
authors.affiliation: Ångström Laboratory, Department of Engineering Science, Applied Materials Science, Uppsala University, Box 534, 75121, Uppsala, Sweden. wei.xia@angstrom.uu.se.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Xia
authors.affiliation: Ångström Laboratory, Department of Engineering Science, Applied Materials Science, Uppsala University, Box 534, 75121, Uppsala, Sweden.
authors.forename: Håkan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Engqvist
mesh_terms: D000535:Aluminum / Q000737:chemistry; D017607:Aluminum Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D000818:Animals; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry; D002118:Calcium / Q000737:chemistry; D017610:Calcium Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D003470:Culture Media / Q000737:chemistry; D003738:Dental Cements / Q000633:toxicity*; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005461:Fluorine / Q000737:chemistry; D005899:Glass Ionomer Cements / Q000633:toxicity*; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007477:Ions; D051379:Mice; D009804:Odontoblasts / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects; D010087:Oxides / Q000737:chemistry; D017640:Silicates / Q000737:chemistry; D012825:Silicon / Q000737:chemistry; D013324:Strontium / Q000737:chemistry; D013499:Surface Properties
chemical_list: D017607:Aluminum Compounds; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D017610:Calcium Compounds; D003470:Culture Media; D003738:Dental Cements; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005899:Glass Ionomer Cements; D007477:Ions; D010087:Oxides; D017640:Silicates; C086631:mineral trioxide aggregate; D005461:Fluorine; D000535:Aluminum; C031293:calcium silicate; D002118:Calcium; D013324:Strontium; D012825:Silicon