title: The Activity Profile of Elite Low-Kick Kickboxing Competition.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the performance aspects (time-motion and technical-tactical analysis) of top-level low-kick kickboxers according to gender, weight category, combat round, and match outcome.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventy-two kickboxers (44 male, 28 female) were studied. Thirty-six bouts (male = 61, female = 41 rounds) were analyzed using a time-motion system. Time structure was classified into 3 phases: preparatory-activity time (PT), fighting time (FT), and stoppage time (ST).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Referee decisions caused an overall effort:pause ratio (E:P) of ~1:1.5, with a significant difference between weight categories (light and middleweights = 1:1.5, heavyweight = 1:1). This ratio was ~1:6 when high-intensity actions-to-pause activities were considered. Significant differences were also observed between rounds (all P < .001), with 1st-, 2nd-, and 3rd-round E:Ps of 1:1, 1:1.5, and ~1:2, respectively. The relative times of FT and PT, total attacking actions, upper-limb actions, number of technical actions performed on the head, and the number of high-intensity actions were higher in males than females (all P = .05). Males performed more jab-cross actions and fewer low kicks than females (P < .001). Males used upper-limb (63.4%) more than lower-limb techniques (36.6%), targeting the head (56.9%) more than the body/leg (43.1%), with no significant difference from females (P > .05). E:P was similar between winners and losers. However, the numbers of technical actions performed on the head, counterattack actions, jab-cross technique, and total punches were higher in winners than losers (all P < .05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Training programs need to be adapted to the specific requirements of kickboxers' weight categories and gender to develop the technical-tactical abilities that improve athletes' chances of winning.
authors.forename: Maamer
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Slimani
authors.forename: Helmi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Chaabene
authors.forename: Bianca
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Miarka
authors.forename: Karim
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Chamari
mesh_terms: D054874:Athletic Performance / Q000502:physiology*; D001835:Body Weight; D003163:Competitive Behavior / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D016139:Martial Arts / Q000502:physiology*; D009048:Motor Skills / Q000502:physiology; D012737:Sex Factors; D013996:Time and Motion Studies
keywords: gender; performance analysis; time–motion