title: Can immunostimulatory agents enhance the abscopal effect of radiotherapy?
abstract: Ionising radiation (IR) may harm cancer cells through a rare indirect out-of-field phenomenon described as the abscopal effect. Increasing evidence demonstrates that radiotherapy could be capable of generating tumour-specific immune responses. On the other hand, effects of IR also include inhibitory immune signals on the tumour microenvironment. Following these observations, and in the context of newly available immunostimulatory agents in metastatic cancers (anti-cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 and programmed cell death protein-1 or -ligand 1 [PD1 or PDL-1]), there is a remarkable potential for synergistic combinations of IR with such agents that act through the reactivation of immune surveillance. Here, we present and discuss the pre-clinical and clinical rationale supporting the enhancement of the abscopal effect of IR on the blockade of immune checkpoints and discuss the evolving potential of immunoradiotherapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, SIRIC SOCRATES Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, 114 rue E. Vaillant, 94800 Villejuif, France; Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Médecine, 94270 Kremlin Bicêtre, France; INSERM U1030, Molecular Radiotherapy, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France.
authors.forename: Antonin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Levy
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, SIRIC SOCRATES Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, 114 rue E. Vaillant, 94800 Villejuif, France; Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Médecine, 94270 Kremlin Bicêtre, France; INSERM U1030, Molecular Radiotherapy, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France; Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Brétigny sur Orge, France.
authors.forename: Cyrus
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chargari
authors.affiliation: DITEP, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, 114 rue E. Vaillant, 94800 Villejuif, France.
authors.forename: Aurelien
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Marabelle
authors.affiliation: Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Médecine, 94270 Kremlin Bicêtre, France; INSERM U1030, Molecular Radiotherapy, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France; Cell death and Aging team, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, 114 rue E. Vaillant, 94800 Villejuif, France.
authors.forename: Jean-Luc
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Perfettini
authors.affiliation: Institut de Cancérologie Lucien Neuwirth, Saint Priest en Jarez, France.
authors.forename: Nicolas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Magné
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, SIRIC SOCRATES Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, 114 rue E. Vaillant, 94800 Villejuif, France; Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Médecine, 94270 Kremlin Bicêtre, France; INSERM U1030, Molecular Radiotherapy, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France; DITEP, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, 114 rue E. Vaillant, 94800 Villejuif, France. Electronic address: Eric.DEUTSCH@gustaveroussy.fr.
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Deutsch
mesh_terms: D016923:Cell Death / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007111:Immunity, Cellular / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000528:radiation effects*; D007167:Immunotherapy / Q000379:methods*; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D011839:Radiation, Ionizing; D018714:Radiotherapy, Adjuvant / Q000379:methods; D059016:Tumor Microenvironment / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology / Q000528:radiation effects
keywords: Early clinical trial; Immune checkpoint modulator; Immunity; Irradiation