title: Test of Sex Estimation Equations on Carpal Bones in a Northeastern Thai Population.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Sex assessment is an essential step in person identification, both in forensic and anthropological contexts. Many parts of skeletal remains such as skull, pelvis and long bones have been proven to be useful in determining sex. However, literature has shown that short bones such as carpal bones are also sexually dimorphic. In the last few years, there was an unpublished study using lunate, scaphoid and hamate from bone collection in Northern Thailand to create 6 discriminant equations to assess sex. The objective of this study was to investigate the application of those equations in the sample from other parts of Thailand.
  
  
  METHODS
  A sample of 50 individuals (25 males and 25 females), kindly supplied by Department of Anatomy, Khonkaen University, Khon-kaen, Thailand, was examined. The age of the individuals ranged from 48-87 years old for males and 38-87 years old for females.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The classification accuracies ranged from 82%-98% with right hamate yielding the highest accuracy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results proved the applicability of those 6 discriminant equations in a population from Northeastern Thailand. Further studies should include population from other parts of Thailand.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Laowatthanaphong
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, 56000, Malaysia.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Das
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Phatsara
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Tuamsuk
authors.affiliation: 4Forensic Osteology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mahakkanukrauh
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002348:Carpal Bones / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D005260:Female; D018732:Forensic Anthropology / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D054881:Sex Determination by Skeleton / Q000379:methods*; D013785:Thailand; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Carpal Bones; Hand; Sex determination; Thailand