title: In-Water and Neat Batch and Continuous-Flow Direct Esterification and Transesterification by a Porous Polymeric Acid Catalyst.
abstract: A porous phenolsulphonic acid-formaldehyde resin (PAFR) was developed. The heterogeneous catalyst PAFR was applied to the esterification of carboxylic acids and alcohols, affording the carboxylic acid esters in a yield of up to 95% where water was not removed from the reaction mixture. Surprisingly, the esterification in water as a solvent proceeded to afford the desired esters in high yield. PAFR provided the corresponding esters in higher yield than other homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts. The transesterification of alcohols and esters was also investigated by using PAFR, giving the corresponding esters. PAFR was applied to the batch-wise and continuous-flow production of biodiesel fuel FAME. The PAFR-packed flow reactor that was developed for the synthesis of carboxylic acids and FAME worked for four days without loss of its catalytic activity.
authors.affiliation: RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.|Department of Chemistry, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea.
authors.forename: Heeyoel
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Baek
authors.affiliation: RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.
authors.forename: Maki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Minakawa
authors.affiliation: RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoichi M A
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Yamada
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea.
authors.forename: Jin Wook
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.|Institute for Molecular Science (IMS), Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan.
authors.forename: Yasuhiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Uozumi