title: Adverse Effects of Nonsystemic Steroids (Inhaled, Intranasal, and Cutaneous): a Review of the Literature and Suggested Monitoring Tool.
abstract: Inhaled, intranasal, and cutaneous steroids are prescribed by physicians for a plethora of disease processes including asthma and rhinitis. While the high efficacy of this class of medication is well known, the wide range of adverse effects, both local and systemic, is not well elucidated. It is imperative to monitor total steroid burden in its varied forms as well as tracking for possible side effects that may be caused by a high cumulative dose of steroids. This review article highlights the adverse effects of different steroid modalities as well as suggests a monitoring tool to determine steroid totality and side effects.
authors.affiliation: Winthrop University Hospital, 120 Mineola Blvd Suite 410, Mineola, NY, 11501, USA.
authors.forename: Ratika
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.affiliation: Winthrop University Hospital, 120 Mineola Blvd Suite 410, Mineola, NY, 11501, USA. lfonacier@winthrop.org.|State University of New York, Stony Brook, NY, USA. lfonacier@winthrop.org.
authors.forename: Luz S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Fonacier
mesh_terms: D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D000281:Administration, Intranasal; D006801:Humans; D013256:Steroids / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D013256:Steroids
keywords: Adverse reaction to topical corticosteroids; Inhaled corticosteroids; Monitoring corticosteroids; Nasal corticosteroids; Steroid side effects; Topical corticosteroids