title: [Influences of genetic and environmental factors on smoking related behaviors among male twin adults in China].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To analyze the influences of genetic and environmental factors on smoking behavior, smoking cessation and onset age of smoking less than 20 years in male twin adults.
  
  
  METHODS
  A face-to-face questionnaire was conducted to collect data from 6 458 pair male twins aged ≥25 years registered in 9 provinces(municipality)in China. The heritability of three smoking related behaviors were calculated by using structural equation models.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The ACE models were the best models of the three dimensions of smoking, i.e. smoking behavior, smoking cessation and onset age of smoking less than 20 years for male twins, and the corresponding heritability of these behaviors were 0.26(0.19-0.34), 0.27(0.19-0.37)and 0.05(0.00-0.14), respectively. When adjusted for area and age, the heritability of these three behaviors were 0.26(0.19-0.34), 0.31(0.00-0.74)and 0.05(0.00-0.14), respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  All the three smoking related behaviors were affected by genetic factors, but environment factors had more effect on them. For smoking cessation, the heritability was highest, but the influence of environmental factors was lowest. Meanwhile, for onset age of smoking, the influence of environmental factors was highest.
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
authors.forename: Z Q
authors.initials: ZQ
authors.lastname: Bao
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
authors.forename: C Q
authors.initials: CQ
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
authors.forename: B Q
authors.initials: BQ
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
authors.forename: W H
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
authors.forename: W J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lyu
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
authors.forename: S F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Qingdao Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Qingdao 266033, China.
authors.forename: Z C
authors.initials: ZC
authors.lastname: Pang
authors.affiliation: Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou 310051, China.
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Cong
authors.affiliation: Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing 100013, China.
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai 200336, China.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing 210009, China.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Sichuan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu 610041, China.
authors.forename: X P
authors.initials: XP
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Tianjin Municipal Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Tianjin 300011, China.
authors.forename: D Z
authors.initials: DZ
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Qinghai Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xining 810007, China.
authors.forename: X J
authors.initials: XJ
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China.
authors.forename: B Y
authors.initials: BY
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D004777:Environment; D059647:Gene-Environment Interaction; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D015438:Health Behavior; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000523:psychology; D016540:Smoking Cessation; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014427:Twins