title: Physiological and Biochemical Responses to Continuous Saline Irrigation Inside the Abdominal Cavity in Anesthetized Pigs.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Water-filled laparoendoscopic surgery (WaFLES) has been proposed as a novel surgical system achieving a wide surgical field in the intra- and extraperitoneal space with continuous irrigation of isotonic fluid into the field. Despite its technical feasibility and advantages, the safety of the technique, particularly with respect to physiological functions, has not been evaluated.
  
  
  METHODS
  Various types of minor abdominal surgeries were performed under general anesthesia in nine adult pigs either by conventional laparoscopy (n = 3) or WaFLES (n = 6). In addition to esophageal temperature and body weight, cardiorespiratory variables such as blood pressure, heart rate, and arterial blood gas parameters were compared before and after the surgeries. Blood samples were obtained for assessing changes in biochemical parameters before and after the surgeries.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Three to seven hours of various surgeries were completed without critical cardiorespiratory events in all animals. Oxygenation and ventilation were maintained regardless of the techniques used for the surgeries. A minor increase of body weight (2.5% of initial body weight), metabolic acidosis, hyperkalemia, and impaired hepatic function were observed after WaFLES surgeries.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The preliminary study indicated no serious immediate adverse effects of the WaFLES technique.
authors.affiliation: 1 Center for Frontier Medical Engineering, Chiba University , Chiba, Japan .
authors.forename: Takuro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ishii
authors.affiliation: 1 Center for Frontier Medical Engineering, Chiba University , Chiba, Japan .
authors.forename: Tatsuo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Igarashi
authors.affiliation: 2 Department of Urology, Teikyo University Chiba Medical Center , Ichihara, Japan .
authors.forename: Yukio
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Naya
authors.affiliation: 3 Department of Anesthesiology, Teikyo University Chiba Medical Center , Ichihara, Japan .
authors.forename: Tomohiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Aoe
authors.affiliation: 4 Department of Anesthesiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University , Chiba, Japan .
authors.forename: Shiroh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Isono
mesh_terms: D034841:Abdominal Cavity; D000818:Animals; D001784:Blood Gas Analysis; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D001831:Body Temperature / Q000187:drug effects; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D004947:Esophagus / Q000502:physiology; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D007552:Isotonic Solutions / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology*; D034421:Sus scrofa; D007507:Therapeutic Irrigation
chemical_list: D007552:Isotonic Solutions; D012965:Sodium Chloride