title: [The clinical experience of transnasal endoscopic approach for skull base osteoradionecrosis after radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the method of surgical treatment via trans-nasal endoscopic approach in osteoradionecrosis of skull base after radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifteen patients with osteoradionecrosis of skull base after radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma who underwent operation via trans-nasal endoscopic approach from 2008 to 2013 were retrospectively reviewed. The typical clinical manifestations included headache (NRS 6-9: 11 cases), foul odor (10 cases), epistaxis (4 cases), hearing loss (5 cases, 7 ears), tinnitus (4 cases, 5 ears). All patients underwent operation via trans-nasal endoscopic approach. During the operation, the diseased region was fully exposed, the necrotic tissue was resected, the necrotic bone was removed by high-speed electric drill, and the drainage was made unobstructed. The perioperative treatment and follow-up were carried out.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After operation, all patients were diagnosed pathologically as osteoradionecrosis and mucosal chroinic inflammation, 1 case combined with fungal sphenoid sinusitis. Headache (9 cases) and foul odor (9 cases) resolved after operation. The follow-up was lasted 18-82 months, 13 cases were survival, 1 case lost to follow-up, 1 case died of cerebral hemorrhage.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Surgical treatment via trans-nasal endoscopic approach is safe and effective in osteoradionecrosis of skull base after radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma, and is helping to improve the survival rate and survival quality.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology- Head and Neck Oncology, the People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning 530021, China.
authors.forename: Guiping
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lan
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology- Head and Neck Oncology, the People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning 530021, China.
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology- Head and Neck Oncology, the People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning 530021, China.
authors.forename: Yongfeng
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Si
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology- Head and Neck Oncology, the People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning 530021, China.
authors.forename: Yangda
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Qin
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology- Head and Neck Oncology, the People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning 530021, China.
authors.forename: Zhuoxia
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Deng
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology- Head and Neck Oncology, the People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning 530021, China.
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology- Head and Neck Oncology, the People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning 530021, China.
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Qin
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology- Head and Neck Oncology, the People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning 530021, China.
authors.forename: Benjian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D002277:Carcinoma; D004724:Endoscopy; D006801:Humans; D000077274:Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma; D009303:Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D010025:Osteoradionecrosis / Q000601:surgery*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D019291:Skull Base / Q000601:surgery*; D015996:Survival Rate