title: Sexual identities and sexual health within the Celtic nations: An exploratory study of men who have sex with men recruited through social media.
abstract: Associations of sexual identity with a range of sexual and sexual health behaviours were investigated amongst men who have sex with men (MSM). Data from 1816 MSM recruited from 4 Celtic nations (Scotland, Wales, Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland) were collected via a cross-sectional online survey advertised via social media. About 18.3% were non-gay identified MSM (NGI-MSM). In the last year, 30% of NGI-MSM reported high-risk unprotected anal intercourse and 45% reported never having had an sexually transmitted infection (STI) test. When compared to MSM who were gay identified (GI-MSM), NGI-MSM were more likely to be older, have a female partner, fewer sex partners, fewer anal sex partners, STI diagnoses and less likely to be HIV positive, more likely to never use the gay scene and be geographically further from a gay venue. NGI-MSM were also less likely to report STI and HIV testing behaviours. The findings highlight variations in risk by sexual identities, and unmet sexual health needs amongst NGI-MSM across Celtic nations. Innovative research is required regarding the utility of social media for reaching populations of MSM and developing interventions which target the heterogeneity of MSM and their specific sexual health needs.
authors.affiliation: a Institute of Applied Health Research, Glasgow Caledonian University , Glasgow , UK.
authors.forename: Kareena
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: McAloney-Kocaman
authors.affiliation: a Institute of Applied Health Research, Glasgow Caledonian University , Glasgow , UK.
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lorimer
authors.affiliation: a Institute of Applied Health Research, Glasgow Caledonian University , Glasgow , UK.
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Flowers
authors.affiliation: b School of Social Sciences , Monash University , Clayton , Victoria , Australia.
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Davis
authors.affiliation: a Institute of Applied Health Research, Glasgow Caledonian University , Glasgow , UK.
authors.forename: Christina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Knussen
authors.affiliation: a Institute of Applied Health Research, Glasgow Caledonian University , Glasgow , UK.
authors.forename: Jamie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Frankis
mesh_terms: D015492:AIDS Serodiagnosis / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001727:Bisexuality / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005783:Gender Identity; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000635:transmission; D006293:Health Promotion / Q000379:methods*; D018451:Homosexuality, Male / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D007494:Ireland / Q000453:epidemiology; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020380:Needs Assessment; D012309:Risk-Taking; D012649:Self Concept; D012725:Sexual Behavior / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D000074384:Sexual Health; D012747:Sexual Partners; D061108:Social Media; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D006113:United Kingdom / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Gay; HIV; MSM; identity; sexual health