title: Plasma apelin level in patients with restless legs syndrome and its association with periodic leg movements.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Apelin is an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory molecule secreted by adipose tissue and has a protective effect on cardiac and neuronal tissue. Recent studies have reported that the risk of vascular disease is increased in restless legs syndrome (RLS). We aimed to measure plasma levels of apelin in patients with RLS. Additionally, we wanted to determine if there is any relationship between apelin levels and RLS disease severity and the periodic leg movement index (PLMI).
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 14 RLS patients with moderate-to-severe symptoms and 14 age- and body mass index (BMI)-matched healthy controls participated in the study. All participants had no concomitant medical disorder nor took medications. The international RLS rating scale (IRLSS) was used to determine disease severity. Polysomnography (PSG) served to exclude other sleep disorders such as sleep-related breathing disorders and to measure sleep parameters.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean plasma apelin level was significantly lower in the patient group compared to the control group independent of IRLSS score and PSG findings (p = 0.004). After comparison between the RLS patient group and control group, the patient group was divided into two subgroups based on a PLMI above or below 15 events per hour. A reduced mean apelin level was observed in the patient group having a PLMI above 15 compared to the patient group with PLMI below 15 and the control group (p = 0.003). There was no correlation between plasma apelin levels and disease severity and PLMI in the two patient subgroups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  RLS patients especially those with a PLMI above 15 have low plasma apelin levels independent of disease severity and sleep parameters such as sleep duration and quality. Decreased apelin levels may explain the increased risk for vascular diseases in those patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Acibadem Kayseri Hospital, Acibadem University Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey. korkmazs78@gmail.com.|NIH/NINDS Human Motor Control Section, Bethesda, MD, USA. korkmazs78@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Selda
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Korkmaz
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Acibadem Kayseri Hospital, Acibadem University Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Murat
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Aksu
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Erciyes University Faculty of Medicine, Kayseri, Turkey.
authors.forename: Gulden
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Baskol
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000073861:Apelin / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020189:Nocturnal Myoclonus Syndrome / Q000097:blood* / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis; D017286:Polysomnography; D012016:Reference Values; D012148:Restless Legs Syndrome / Q000097:blood* / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis; D013223:Statistics as Topic
chemical_list: D000073861:Apelin
keywords: Apelin; Periodic leg movements; Restless legs syndrome