title: Occurrence predictors of the temporal interictal epileptic discharges in epilepsy patients with extratemporal lesions: A prospective cohort study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Electrical kindling models of epilepsy suggest that medial temporal structures are more prone to be irritated. The aim of this study is to investigate the occurrence rate of temporal interictal epileptic discharges (TIEDs) in the epilepsy patients with extratemporal lesions (ETLs), and to determine the predictive factors for TIEDs in this cohort.
  
  
  METHODS
  Totally 221 patients were admitted for presurgical evaluation, and focal ETL were found in all of them by MRI examination. The occurrence rates of TIEDs in several groups with different brain lobe locations, durations; of epilepsy, seizure frequencies, and onset ages stages were assessed. We also evaluated the surgical outcome of; resection in this cohort.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The total occurrence rate of TIEDs in this cohort was 29.9%. The occurrence rate of TIEDs in the patients with longer durations (>5 or 10 years) was significantly higher than those with shorter duration (<1 year). These; patients with lower seizure frequency (<1 seizure/month) had a significantly decreased incidence of TIEDs; compared with those with higher frequency (>1 seizure/month or week). In the terms of the brain lobe locations; and age at onset, there were no differences between the groups. Furthermore, there were no differences in terms of the surgical outcomes between the patients with TIEDs and other patients in this series.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  TIEDs were frequently recorded in these patients with ETLs, and the predictive factors for TIEDs included the epilepsy duration and seizure frequency.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study is instrumental for the presurgical EEG interpretationand the counseling of these ETLs patients considered for epilepsy surgery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China.
authors.forename: Bei
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China.
authors.forename: Huanfa
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, AnNing Branch Hospital, Lanzhou General Hospital, Lanzhou Command, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China.
authors.forename: Chen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China.
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China.
authors.forename: Chao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China.
authors.forename: Hao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China.
authors.forename: Shan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, General Hospital of Chinese PLA, Ophthalmology & Visual Science Key Lab of PLA, Beijing, China. Electronic address: toy1011@163.com.
authors.forename: Ye
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tao
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China. Electronic address: zhanghua@fmmu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Hua
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D004569:Electroencephalography; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D004833:Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013702:Temporal Lobe / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: Duration of epilepsy; Extratemporal lesions; Interical epileptic discharges; Seizure frequency; Temporal lobe epilepsy