title: Superior Vena Cava Syndrome Caused by Pacemaker Leads.
abstract: Superior vena cava syndrome is one of the rare adverse events associated with pacemaker leads. We describe a 47-year-old woman with a pacemaker implanted 10 years earlier who presented to us with superior vena cava syndrome managed surgically. We report the presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of this patient and the causes and management options of superior vena cava obstruction associated with pacemaker leads.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Center, Kochi, Kerala, India. Electronic address: ashishmadkaiker@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Ashish N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Madkaiker
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Center, Kochi, Kerala, India.
authors.forename: Neethu
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Krishna
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Center, Kochi, Kerala, India.
authors.forename: Rajesh
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jose
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Center, Kochi, Kerala, India.
authors.forename: K R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Balasubramoniam
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Center, Kochi, Kerala, India.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Murukan
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Center, Kochi, Kerala, India.
authors.forename: Luis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Baquero
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Center, Kochi, Kerala, India.
authors.forename: Praveen Kerala
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Varma
mesh_terms: D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001705:Bioprosthesis; D016121:Brachiocephalic Veins / Q000601:surgery; D001919:Bradycardia / Q000628:therapy; D017548:Echocardiography, Transesophageal; D004567:Electrodes, Implanted / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000293:injuries; D005260:Female; D005355:Fibrosis; D006324:Heart Arrest, Induced; D006325:Heart Atria / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D010138:Pacemaker, Artificial / Q000009:adverse effects*; D012804:Sick Sinus Syndrome / Q000628:therapy; D013479:Superior Vena Cava Syndrome / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology* / Q000601:surgery; D013530:Surgical Wound Infection / Q000150:complications; D013927:Thrombosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology* / Q000601:surgery; D014683:Vena Cava, Superior / Q000601:surgery
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants