title: Psychometric Validation of a Moroccan Version of the 22-Item Sino-Nasal Outcome Test.
abstract: The objective of this study paper was to culturally adapt and validate the 22-item Sino-Nasal Outcome Test (SNOT-22) questionnaire for Moroccan Arabic speaking patients.
  
  
  
  Prospective cohort study.
  
  
  
  Tertiary referral center; Ibn Rochd University Hospital, Casablanca, Morocco.
  
  
  
  The SNOT-22 was conducted in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) undergoing sinonasal surgery and in healthy volunteers, from January 2012 to December 2013. It was translated into Moroccan Arabic language. To evaluate this questionnaire, internal consistency, test-retest reliability, responsiveness to treatment, and validity were analyzed.
  
  
  
  Preoperative SNOT-22 scores were completed by 88 patients. Six-month postoperative SNOT-22 scores were available for 74 patients. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the SNOT-22 was 0.968, indicating high internal consistency. The test-retest reliability coefficient was 0.993, indicating high reliability when administering the instrument on repeated occasions. The Moroccan version of the SNOT-22 was able to highly discriminate between patients with CRS and group of healthy volunteers (P < .0001). There was a statistically significant reduction in patient reported SNOT-22 scores at 6 months after surgery (P < .0001).
  
  
  
  The present study has found the Moroccan version of SNOT-22 to be valid and easy to use with good reliability, validity, and responsiveness. It can be used to measure the impact of CRS on the patient's quality of life and may also be used to evaluate CRS treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of ENT, 20 Août Hospital, Ibn Rochd University Hospital, Casablanca, Morocco adnanechoaib@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Choaib
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Adnane
authors.affiliation: Department of ENT, 20 Août Hospital, Ibn Rochd University Hospital, Casablanca, Morocco.
authors.forename: Taoufik
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Adouly
authors.affiliation: Department of ENT, 20 Août Hospital, Ibn Rochd University Hospital, Casablanca, Morocco.
authors.forename: Tarek
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Oubahmane
authors.affiliation: Department of ENT, 20 Août Hospital, Ibn Rochd University Hospital, Casablanca, Morocco.
authors.forename: Abdelhay
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zouak
authors.affiliation: Department of ENT, 20 Août Hospital, Ibn Rochd University Hospital, Casablanca, Morocco.
authors.forename: Sami
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rouadi
authors.affiliation: Department of ENT, 20 Août Hospital, Ibn Rochd University Hospital, Casablanca, Morocco.
authors.forename: Reda Lah
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Abada
authors.affiliation: Department of ENT, 20 Août Hospital, Ibn Rochd University Hospital, Casablanca, Morocco.
authors.forename: Mohamed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Roubal
authors.affiliation: Department of ENT, 20 Août Hospital, Ibn Rochd University Hospital, Casablanca, Morocco.
authors.forename: Mohamed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mahtar
mesh_terms: D002908:Chronic Disease; D006801:Humans; D009018:Morocco; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011594:Psychometrics; D011788:Quality of Life; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012220:Rhinitis / Q000601:surgery*; D012852:Sinusitis / Q000601:surgery*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: Moroccan language; SNOT 22; Sino-Nasal Outcome Test 22; chronic rhinosinusitis