title: Topical application of spent coffee ground extracts protects skin from ultraviolet B-induced photoaging in hairless mice.
abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the protective effect of spent coffee ground (SCG) on ultraviolet (UV) B-induced photoaging in hairless mice. The oil fraction (OSCG) and ethanol extract (ESCG) of SCG were prepared from SCG. OSCG contained a much higher level of caffeine (547.32 ± 1.68 μg mg(-1)) when compared to the sum of its chlorogenic acid derivatives (∼119 μg mg(-1)), and pyrazines were the major aromatic compounds in OSCG. OSCG effectively inhibited the UVB-induced increase in intracellular reactive oxygen species in HaCaT cells. Topical application of OSCG or ESCG significantly reduced the UVB-induced wrinkle formation in mice dorsal skin. The combined application of OSCG and ESCG (OEH) led to a decrease in the wrinkle area by over 35% when compared with the UVB-treated control (UVBC). Epidermal thickness was also reduced by 40%. This result was connected to the significant reduction in transdermal water loss (27%) and erythema formation (48%) that result from UVB irradiation. Polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography (PS-OCT) and antibody-based histological analyses showed that OSCG and ESCG effectively suppressed the UVB-induced decrease in collagen content. The level of type 1 collagen (COL1) in the OEH group was enhanced by around 40% compared with the UVB control group (UVBC). This was attributed to the down-regulation of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP2, 9, and 13), which are known to be responsible for collagen destruction. Our results indicate that topical treatment with OSCG/ESCG protects mouse skin from UVB-induced photoaging by down-regulating MMPs; therefore, suggesting the potential of SCG extracts as a topical anti-photoaging agent.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Technology, Seoul Women's University, Seoul 01797, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hyeon-Son
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Eu Ddeum
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Yooheon
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Sung Hee
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Ki Bae
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.forename: Hyung Joo
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Suh
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001834:Body Water / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D002110:Caffeine / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D002726:Chlorogenic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D003069:Coffee / Q000737:chemistry; D003094:Collagen / Q000378:metabolism; D004817:Epidermis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000528:radiation effects; D004890:Erythema / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D000431:Ethanol / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases / Q000378:metabolism; D008812:Mice, Hairless; D009821:Oils / Q000737:chemistry; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011719:Pyrazines / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D015595:Skin Aging / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology / Q000502:physiology; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D003069:Coffee; D009821:Oils; D010936:Plant Extracts; D011719:Pyrazines; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D002726:Chlorogenic Acid; D002110:Caffeine; D000431:Ethanol; D003094:Collagen; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases