title: Povidone Iodine Ointment Application to the Vaccination Site Does Not Alter Immunoglobulin G Antibody Response to Smallpox Vaccine.
abstract: U.S. military personnel deployed to high-risk areas receive the live vaccinia virus (VACV) smallpox vaccine ACAM2000. VACV shedding from the vaccination site can result in autoinoculation and contact transmission. We previously found that the application of povidone iodine ointment (PIO) to the scarification site reduced viral shedding without altering the antibody response, as measured by plaque reduction neutralization or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. In this study, we used protein microarray assays to measure the amount of immunoglobulin G antibody bound to (1) ACAM2000 itself and (2) individual VACV antigens that are present within ACAM2000. We assessed antibody binding in sera from primary smallpox vaccinees who applied PIO to the scarification site beginning on day 7 (PIO group) and from those who did not apply PIO (control group). In both cohorts, the postvaccination antibody response-in terms of antibody binding, both to ACAM2000 and to 11 individual VACV antigens-was significantly greater than the prevaccination response (all p < 0.0001). The postvaccination antibody binding levels of vaccinees in the PIO group did not differ from those of control vaccinees. These findings further support the topical application of PIO, starting on day 7, to reduce the viral shedding associated with smallpox vaccination.
authors.affiliation: U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases , Fort Detrick, Maryland.
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pugh
authors.affiliation: U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases , Fort Detrick, Maryland.
authors.forename: Elizabeth S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.affiliation: U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases , Fort Detrick, Maryland.
authors.forename: Xiaofei
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Quinn
authors.affiliation: U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases , Fort Detrick, Maryland.
authors.forename: Lawrence
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Korman
authors.affiliation: U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases , Fort Detrick, Maryland.
authors.forename: Beverly K
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Dyas
authors.affiliation: U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases , Fort Detrick, Maryland.
authors.forename: Robert G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Ulrich
authors.affiliation: U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases , Fort Detrick, Maryland.
authors.forename: Phillip R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Pittman
mesh_terms: D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood*; D000917:Antibody Formation; D004347:Drug Interactions; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D009500:Neutralization Tests; D009824:Ointments / Q000008:administration & dosage; D011206:Povidone-Iodine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D012900:Smallpox Vaccine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology*; D014481:United States; D010948:Viral Plaque Assay; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local; D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D009824:Ointments; D012900:Smallpox Vaccine; D011206:Povidone-Iodine