title: Boron promotes streptozotocin-induced diabetic wound healing: roles in cell proliferation and migration, growth factor expression, and inflammation.
abstract: Acute wounds do not generally require professional treatment modalities and heal in a predictable fashion, but chronic wounds are mainly accompanied with infection and prolonged inflammation, leading to healing impairments and continuous tissue degradation. Although a vast amount of products have been introduced in the market, claiming to provide a better optimization of local and systemic conditions of patients, they do not meet the expectations due to being expensive and not easily accessible, requiring wound care facilities, having patient-specific response, low efficiency, and severe side-effects. In this sense, developing new, safe, self-applicable, effective, and cheap wound care products with broad-range antimicrobial activity is still an attractive area of international research. In the present work, boron derivatives [boric acid and sodium pentaborate pentahydrate (NaB)] were evaluated for their antimicrobial activity, proliferation, migratory, angiogenesis, gene, and growth factor expression promoting effects on dermal cells in vitro. In addition, boron-containing hydrogel formulation was examined for its wound healing promoting potential using full-thickness wound model in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. The results revealed that while both boron compounds significantly increased proliferation, migration, vital growth factor, and gene expression levels of dermal cells along with displaying remarkable antimicrobial effects against bacteria, yeast, and fungi, NaB displayed greater antimicrobial properties as well as gene and growth factor expression inductive effects. Animal studies proved that NaB-containing gel formulation enhanced wound healing rate of diabetic animals and histopathological scores. Overall data suggest a potential promising therapeutic option for the management of chronic wounds but further studies are highly warranted to determine signaling pathways and target metabolisms in which boron is involved to elucidate the limitations and extend its use in clinics.
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics and BioEngineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Yeditepe University, 26 Ağustos Campus Kayisdagi cad., Kayisdagi, 34755, Istanbul, Turkey. selamidemirci@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Selami
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Demirci
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics and BioEngineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Yeditepe University, 26 Ağustos Campus Kayisdagi cad., Kayisdagi, 34755, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ayşegül
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Doğan
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics and BioEngineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Yeditepe University, 26 Ağustos Campus Kayisdagi cad., Kayisdagi, 34755, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Safa
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Aydın
authors.affiliation: Department of Histology and Embryology, Istanbul Bilim University, Büyükdere Cad. No: 120, Esentepe-Şişli, 34394, İstanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Esra Çikler
authors.initials: EÇ
authors.lastname: Dülger
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics and BioEngineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Yeditepe University, 26 Ağustos Campus Kayisdagi cad., Kayisdagi, 34755, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Fikrettin
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Şahin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001881:Borates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001888:Boric Acids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001895:Boron / Q000494:pharmacology; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects*; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects*; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D051379:Mice; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D001881:Borates; D001888:Boric Acids; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D001895:Boron; C032688:boric acid; C538809:sodium pentaborate
keywords: Antimicrobial; Boric acid; Chronic wounds; Diabetic foot ulcers; Sodium borate