title: Multiparametric prostate MRI: focus on T2-weighted imaging and role in staging of prostate cancer.
abstract: Multiparametric MRI (mpMRI) represents a growing modality for the non-invasive evaluation of prostate cancer (PCa) and is increasingly being used for patients with persistently elevated PSA and prior negative biopsies, for monitoring patients in active surveillance protocols, for preoperative characterization of cancer for surgical planning, and in planning for MRI-targeted biopsy. The focus of this work is twofold. First, we review the key role of T2-weighted imaging (T2WI) in mpMRI, specifically outlining how it is used for anatomic evaluation of the prostate, detection of clinically significant PCa, assessment of extraprostatic extension (EPE), and mimics of PCa on this sequence. We will also discuss optimal technical acquisition parameters for this sequence and recent technical advancements in T2WI. Second, we will delineate the role that mpMRI plays in the staging of PCa and describe the implications of the information that mpMRI can provide in determining the most appropriate management plan for the patient with PCa.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, DUMC Box 3808, Durham, NC, 27710, USA. rajan.gupta@duke.edu.
authors.forename: Rajan T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota Medical Center, MMC 292, 420 East Delaware Street, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
authors.forename: Benjamin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Spilseth
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of Colorado Hospital, 12605 E. 16th Avenue, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
authors.forename: Nayana
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, DUMC Box 3808, Durham, NC, 27710, USA.
authors.forename: Alison F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center, Main Hospital, Room 3-446, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA.
authors.forename: Jinxing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yu
mesh_terms: D003287:Contrast Media; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media
keywords: Multiparametric prostate MRI; Prostate cancer; Staging; T2-weighted imaging