title: Cytoskeletal control of axon domain assembly and function.
abstract: Neurons are organized and connected into functional circuits by axons that conduct action potentials. Many vertebrate axons are myelinated and further subdivided into excitable domains that include the axon initial segment (AIS) and nodes of Ranvier. Nodes of Ranvier regenerate and propagate action potentials, while AIS regulate action potential initiation and neuronal polarity. Two distinct cytoskeletons control axon structure and function: 1) a submembranous ankyrin/spectrin cytoskeleton that clusters ion channels and provides mechanical support, and 2) a microtubule-based cytoskeleton that controls selective trafficking of dendritic and axonal cargoes. Here, we review recent studies that provide significant additional insight into the cytoskeleton-dependent mechanisms controlling the functional organization of axons.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, United States.
authors.forename: Chuansheng
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, United States. Electronic address: rasband@bcm.edu.
authors.forename: Matthew N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Rasband
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017487:Ankyrins / Q000378:metabolism; D001369:Axons / Q000378:metabolism*; D003599:Cytoskeleton / Q000378:metabolism*; D009474:Neurons / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology; D011901:Ranvier's Nodes / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D017487:Ankyrins