title: Noninvasive Technique for Estimating Blood Glucose Levels among Diabetic Patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The present study was aimed to assess the fasting and postprandial gingival crevicular blood (GCB) glucose and finger stick blood glucose measurements using a glucometer.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 30 subjects with periodontitis and positive bleeding on probing were considered. Subjects were instructed to report to the department after overnight fasting. Gingival crevicular blood samples were collected from anterior region showing bleeding on probing followed by finger stick blood sample collection. Then, the patients were instructed to take 75 gm of glucose and after 2 hours blood samples from two sites were collected similarly. Results were analyzed using unpaired t test and Pearson's correlation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean glucose levels form GCB and finger stick blood did not differ either during fasting or postprandial (p > 0.05). Significant correlation was found between GCB glucose levels and capillary finger stick blood (CFB) glucose levels during fasting (r = 0.946, p < 0.001) and postprandial (r=0.930, p < 0.001) blood estimation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Periodontal probing can be considered as an alternate noninvasive method of blood glucose estimation for screening of diabetes mellitus (DM). The technique described is safe, easy to perform, and helps to increase the frequency of diabetes screening in dental office.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The GCB from probing can be a good source of blood for estimating blood glucose levels and screening for diabetes using portable glucose monitors. Also, it will be a simple and relatively inexpensive in office screening procedure for any patient suspected to have diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Reader, Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Narsinhbhai Patel Dental College and Hospital, Visnagar-384315, Gujarat, India, Phone: 09723563697, e-mail: shylajamd@gmail.com.
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Shylaja
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dental Sciences, Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences Deemed University, Karad, Maharashtra, India.
authors.forename: Prashant A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Punde
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al kharj Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sam
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontics, Sri Sankara Dental College Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India.
authors.forename: S Nubesh
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.affiliation: Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Abhilash Abdul
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Latheef
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Swargiya Dadasaheb Kalmegh Smruti Dental College and Hospital Nagpur, Maharashtra, India.
authors.forename: Ashutosh J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Thorat
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis*; D001800:Blood Specimen Collection / Q000379:methods; D002196:Capillaries; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D005881:Gingiva / Q000098:blood supply; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose
keywords: Blood glucose; Capillary finger stick; Diabetes mellitus; Gingival crevicular blood.