title: Relationships of nativity and length of residence in the U.S. with favorable cardiovascular health among Hispanics/Latinos: The Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL).
abstract: Individuals with favorable levels of all readily measured major CVD risk factors (low CV risk) during middle age incur lower cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, lower all-cause mortality, and lower Medicare costs at older ages compared to adults with one or more unfavorable CVD risk factors. Studies on predictors of low CV risk in Hispanics/Latinos have focused solely on Mexican-Americans. The objective of this study was to use data from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL; enrolled 2008 to 2011) to assess relationships of nativity and length of residence in the US, a commonly used proxy for acculturation, with low CV risk (not currently smoking; no diabetes; untreated total cholesterol <200mg/dL; untreated blood pressure<120/<80; body mass index <25kg/m(2); and no major ECG abnormalities) in 15,047 Central American, South American, Cuban, Dominican, Mexican, Puerto Rican men and women, and Hispanic/Latino men and women identifying as other or >1 heritage. We also tested whether associations varied by Hispanic/Latino background. Women living in the US<10years were 1.96 (95% confidence interval: 1.37, 2.80) times more likely to be low CV risk than US-born women after adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics, diet, physical activity, and self-reported experiences of ethnic discrimination. Findings varied in men by Hispanic/Latino background, but length of residence was largely unrelated to low CV risk. These findings highlight the role acculturative processes play in shaping cardiovascular health in Hispanics/Latinos.
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States. Electronic address: k-kershaw@northwestern.edu.
authors.forename: Kiarri N
authors.initials: KN
authors.lastname: Kershaw
authors.affiliation: Institute for Behavioral and Community Health, Graduate School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, United States.
authors.forename: Rebeca Espinoza
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Giacinto
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States.
authors.forename: Franklyn
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gonzalez
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States.
authors.forename: Carmen R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Isasi
authors.affiliation: Division of Health Promotion and Behavioral Science, Graduate School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, United States.
authors.forename: Hugo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Salgado
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States.
authors.forename: Jeremiah
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Stamler
authors.affiliation: Division of Health Promotion and Behavioral Science, Graduate School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, United States.
authors.forename: Gregory A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Talavera
authors.affiliation: Wayne State University, Institute of Gerontology, Detroit, MI, United States.
authors.forename: Wassim
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Tarraf
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States.
authors.forename: Linda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Van Horn
authors.affiliation: Institute for Minority Health Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States.
authors.forename: Donghong
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Institute for Minority Health Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States.
authors.forename: Martha L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Daviglus
mesh_terms: D000069:Acculturation; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000208:ethnology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D002489:Central America / Q000208:ethnology; D002784:Cholesterol; D003462:Cuba / Q000208:ethnology; D006630:Hispanic or Latino / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D017058:Mexican Americans / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D015995:Prevalence; D011647:Puerto Rico / Q000208:ethnology; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D002784:Cholesterol
keywords: Acculturation; Cardiovascular health; Hispanics/Latinos