title: Impact of Seasonal Variant Temperatures and Laboratory Room Ambient Temperature on Mortality of Rats with Ischemic Brain Injury.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A popular rat model for hypoperfusion ischemic brain injury is bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCCAO). BCCAO surgery when performed in varying geographical locations and during different seasons of the year is reported to have variable mortality rates. Studies have also documented the diminishing influence of Ketamine-Xylazine (KT-XY) on thermoregulatory functions in rodents.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To explore the impact of seasonal variant temperatures and laboratory room ambient temperatures on mortality of rats following BCCAO surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study has two parts: 1 The first part is an analysis of a three year retrospective data to explore the association between the geographical season (hot summer and cold winter) induced laboratory room ambient temperature variations and the mortality rate in KT-XY anaesthetized BCCAO rats. 2. The second part investigated the effect of conditioned laboratory room ambient temperature (CAT) (23-25(0)C) in KT-XY anaesthetized BCCAO group of rats. Rats were divided into 4 groups(n =8/group) as-Normal control, BCCAO and Sham BCCAO where they were all exposed to unconditioned ambient temperature (UCAT) during their surgery and postoperative care. And finally fourth group rats exposed to CAT during the BCCAO surgery and postoperative care.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Pearson's chi-square test indicates a significantly high association (p<0.006) between post-BCCAO mortality and hot season of the year. CAT during the hot season reduced the mortality rate (24% less) in post- BCCAO rats compared to the rats of UCAT.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite seasonal variations in temperature, conditioning the laboratory room ambient temperatures to 23-25(0)C, induces hypothermia in KT-XY anaesthetized ischemic brain injured rodents and improves their survival rate.
authors.affiliation: Senior Grade Lecturer, Department of Physiology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University , India .
authors.forename: Sivakumar
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gopalakrishanan
authors.affiliation: Senior Grade Lecturer, Department of Physiology, Melaka Manipal Medical College, Manipal University , India .
authors.forename: Mg Ramesh
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Babu
authors.affiliation: Lecturer, Department of Anatomy, Melaka Manipal Medical College, Manipal University , India .
authors.forename: Rajesh
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Thangarajan
authors.affiliation: Associate Professor, Department of Physiology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University , India .
authors.forename: Dhiren
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Punja
authors.affiliation: Research Scholar, Department of Neurophysiology, NIMHANS , India .
authors.forename: Vidyadhara Devarunda
authors.initials: VD
authors.lastname: Jaganath
authors.affiliation: Student, Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Manipal University , Manipal, India .
authors.forename: Akriti B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Kanth
authors.affiliation: Professor, Department of Anatomy, Melaka Manipal Medical College, Manipal University , India .
authors.forename: Mohandas
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rao
authors.affiliation: Professor, Department of Physiology, Melaka Manipal Medical College, Manipal University , India .
authors.forename: Kiranmai S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Rai
keywords: Ischemic heart disease; Post-operative care; Seasonal variations