title: Distribution of smile line, gingival angle and tooth shape among the Saudi Arabian subpopulation and their association with gingival biotype.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the occurrence of smile line and maxillary tooth shape in the Saudi Arabian subpopulation, and to estimate the association between these parameters with gingival biotype.
  
  
  METHODS
  On the fulfillment of selection criteria, total 315 patients belong to Saudi Arabian ethnic group were randomly selected. Two frontal photographs of the patients were acquired. The tooth morphology, gingival angle, and smile line classification were determined with ImageJ image analyzing software. The gingival biotype was assessed by probe transparency method. The obtained data were analyzed with SPSS 19 (IBM Corporation, New York, USA) software to determine the frequency and association between other parameters and gingival biotype.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among the clinical parameters evaluated, the tapering tooth morphology (56.8%), thick gingival biotype (53%), and average smile line (57.5%) was more prevalent. The statistically significant association was found between thick gingival biotype and the square tooth, high smile line. The high gingival angle was associated with thin gingival biotype.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study results indicate the existence of an association between tooth shape, smile line, and gingival angle with gingival biotype.
authors.affiliation: Department of Prosthodontics, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Nabeeh A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: AlQahtani
authors.affiliation: Department of Prosthodontics, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Satheesh B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Haralur
authors.affiliation: Department of RDS, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: AlMaqbol
authors.affiliation: Department of RDS, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Ali Jubran
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: AlMufarrij
authors.affiliation: Department of RDS, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Ahmed Ali
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Al Dera
authors.affiliation: Department of RDS, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Mohammed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Al-Qarni
keywords: Gingival angle; Saudi Arabia; gingival biotype; smile line; tooth shape