title: Determinants of thirst distress in patients on hemodialysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Thirst sensation can induce nonadherence with fluid restriction in patients on hemodialysis (HD) and may lead to large interdialytic weight gain (IWG). This study aimed to evaluate thirst distress and its determinants and to explore fluid management strategies used by patients on HD.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional study was conducted in a sample of 203 patients who were followed in three HD centers in Turkey, from January 2015 to June 2015. Data were collected by a personal information form, the Thirst Distress Scale (TDS) and the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) for thirst and xerostomia. Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics, Student's t test, the one-way analysis of variance, Pearson's correlation coefficients, and linear regression analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean TDS score was 20.71 ± 8.34, which is a higher than moderate level of thirst distress. The significant determinants of thirst distress of the patients were the VAS thirst score (unstandardized β = 1.73, p < 0.001), the VAS xerostomia score (unstandardized β = 0.42, p < 0.001), and the IWG values (unstandardized β = 1.20, p = 0.003), after controlling for specific variables. The most common strategies used to reduce fluid intake or relieve thirst were avoiding salty foods (70.9 %), limiting salt on food (70.9 %), and spacing liquids over the entire day (57.6 %).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients with higher levels of thirst and xerostomia and those with a high IWG were more likely to have higher thirst distress. A greater understanding of thirst distress and its related factors could contribute to more effective interventions that improve health and well-being in patients on HD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine Nursing, School of Nursing, Gulhane Military Medical Academy, 06013, Ankara, Turkey. sb.kara@mynet.com.
authors.forename: Belgüzar
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kara
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004327:Drinking Behavior; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D006435:Renal Dialysis / Q000009:adverse effects*; D017673:Sodium Chloride, Dietary / Q000008:administration & dosage; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013894:Thirst; D064232:Visual Analog Scale; D015430:Weight Gain; D014987:Xerostomia / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*
chemical_list: D017673:Sodium Chloride, Dietary
keywords: Hemodialysis; Interdialytic weight gain; Thirst distress; Thirst intensity; Xerostomia