title: Detection Protocols for West Nile Virus in Mosquitoes, Birds, and Nonhuman Mammals.
abstract: West Nile virus is the most widespread mosquito-borne virus in the world, and the most common cause of encephalitis in the USA. Surveillance for this medially important mosquito-borne pathogen is an important part of public health practice. Here we present protocols for testing environmental samples such as mosquitoes, nonvertebrate mammals, and birds for this virus, including RT-PCR, virus isolation in cell culture, and antigenic assays, as well as serologic assays for antibody detection.
authors.affiliation: Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, 5668 State Farm Road, Slingerlands, NY, 12159, USA. elizabeth.kauffman@health.ny.gov.
authors.forename: Elizabeth B
authors.initials: EB
authors.lastname: Kauffman
authors.affiliation: Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, 5668 State Farm Road, Slingerlands, NY, 12159, USA.
authors.forename: Mary A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Franke
authors.affiliation: Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, 5668 State Farm Road, Slingerlands, NY, 12159, USA.|School of Public Health, State University of New York at Albany, Slingerlands, NY, 12159, USA.
authors.forename: Laura D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Kramer
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001715:Bird Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000821:virology; D001717:Birds / Q000378:metabolism / Q000821:virology*; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques; D002460:Cell Line; D002522:Chlorocebus aethiops; D009033:Culicidae / Q000378:metabolism / Q000821:virology*; D008322:Mammals / Q000378:metabolism / Q000821:virology*; D062486:Public Health Surveillance; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods; D014709:Vero Cells; D010948:Viral Plaque Assay; D014902:West Nile virus / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000302:isolation & purification*
keywords: ELISA; Flavivirus; PRNT; RT-PCR; Surveillance; West Nile