title: Sensitive determination of neurotransmitters in urine by microchip electrophoresis with multiple-concentration approaches combining field-amplified and reversed-field stacking.
abstract: Microchip electrophoresis (MCE) is particularly attractive as it provides high sensitivity and selectivity, short analysis time and low sample consumption. An on-line preconcentration strategy combining field-amplified stacking (FASS) and reversed-field stacking (RFS) was developed for efficient and sensitive analysis of neurotransmitters in real urine samples by MCE with laser induced fluorescence (LIF) detection. In this study, the multiple-preconcentration strategy greatly improves the sensitivity enhancement and surpass other conventional analytical methods for neurotransmitters detection. Under optimal conditions, the separation of three neurotransmitters (dopamine, norepinephrine and serotonin), was achieved within 3min with limits of detection (S/N=3) of 1.69, 2.35, and 2.73nM, respectively. The detection sensitivities were improved by 201-, 182-, and 292-fold enhancement, for the three neurotransmitters respectively. Other evaluation parameters such as linear correlation coefficients were considered as satisfactory. A real urine sample was analyzed with recoveries of 101.8-106.4%. The proposed FASS-RFS-MCE method was characterized in terms of precision, linearity, accuracy and successfully applied for rapid and sensitive determination of three neurotransmitters in human urine.
authors.affiliation: School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, PR China.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, PR China.
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, PR China.
authors.forename: Guan
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, PR China.
authors.forename: Wujuan
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, PR China.
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, PR China.
authors.forename: Yating
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, PR China.
authors.forename: Pingang
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, PR China. Electronic address: qjwang@chem.ecnu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Qingjiang
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D046209:Electrophoresis, Microchip / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D057230:Limit of Detection; D016014:Linear Models; D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000652:urine*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results
chemical_list: D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents
keywords: Field-amplified stacking; Microchip electrophoresis; Neurotransmitters; Reversed-field stacking