title: Unmasking Granulomatous Pneumocystis jirovecii Pneumonia with Nodular Opacity in an HIV-Infected Patient after Initiation of Antiretroviral Therapy.
abstract: Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PJP) in patients with HIV infection can, in rare cases, present with pulmonary nodules that histologically involve granulomatous inflammation. This report describes an intriguing case of granulomatous PJP with pulmonary nodules after commencing antiretroviral therapy (ART) in an HIV-infected patient without respiratory signs or symptoms. Diagnosis of granulomatous PJP was only achieved through thoracoscopic lung biopsy. This case suggests that granulomatous PJP should be considered in the differential diagnosis of pulmonary nodules in HIV-infected patients for unmasking immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome manifestation after initiation of ART.
authors.affiliation: Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, Korea.
authors.forename: Hyung Woo
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, Korea. jyeon78@naver.com.
authors.forename: Jung Yeon
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Heo
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, Korea.
authors.forename: Yong Moon
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, Korea.
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, Korea.
authors.forename: Hye Won
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Jeong
keywords: HIV infections; Pneumocystis pneumonia; immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome