title: VUV/UV/Chlorine as an Enhanced Advanced Oxidation Process for Organic Pollutant Removal from Water: Assessment with a Novel Mini-Fluidic VUV/UV Photoreaction System (MVPS).
abstract: Vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) and ultraviolet (UV)/chlorine processes are regarded as two of many advanced oxidation processes (AOPs). Because of the similar cost of VUV/UV and UV lamps, a combination of VUV and UV/chlorine (i.e., VUV/UV/chlorine) may enhance the removal of organic pollutants in water but without any additional power input. In this paper, a mini-fluidic VUV/UV photoreaction system (MVPS) was developed for bench-scale experiments, which could emit both VUV (185 nm) and UV (254 nm) or solely UV beams with a nearly identical UV photon fluence. The photon fluence rates of UV and VUV output by the MVPS were determined to be 8.88 × 10(-4) and 4.93 × 10(-5) einstein m(-2) s(-1), respectively. The VUV/UV/chlorine process exhibited a strong enhancement concerning the degradation of methylene blue (MB, a model organic pollutant) as compared to the total performance of the VUV/UV and UV/chlorine processes, although the photon fluence of the VUV only accounted for 5.6% of that of the UV. An acidic pH favored MB degradation by the VUV/UV/chlorine process. The synergistic mechanism of the VUV/UV/chlorine process was mainly ascribed to the effective use of (•)OH for pollutant removal through formation of longer-lived secondary radicals (e.g., (•)OCl). This study demonstrates that the new VUV/UV/chlorine process, as an enhanced AOP, can be applied as a highly effective and energy-saving technology for small-scale water and wastewater treatment.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 18 Shuang-qing Road, Beijing 100085, China.|University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , 19 Yu-quan Road, Beijing 100049, China.
authors.forename: Mengkai
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 18 Shuang-qing Road, Beijing 100085, China.|University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , 19 Yu-quan Road, Beijing 100049, China.
authors.forename: Zhimin
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Qiang
authors.affiliation: School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology , Beijing 100083, China.
authors.forename: Pin
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hou
authors.affiliation: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta , Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2W2, Canada.
authors.forename: James R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Bolton
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 18 Shuang-qing Road, Beijing 100085, China.|University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , 19 Yu-quan Road, Beijing 100049, China.
authors.forename: Jiuhui
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Qu
authors.affiliation: School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology , Beijing 100083, China.
authors.forename: Peng
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 18 Shuang-qing Road, Beijing 100085, China.|University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , 19 Yu-quan Road, Beijing 100049, China.
authors.forename: Chen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D002713:Chlorine; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays; D014867:Water; D018508:Water Purification
chemical_list: D014867:Water; D002713:Chlorine