title: Direct and Mediated Relationships Between Participation in a Telephonic Health Coaching Program and Health Behavior, Life Satisfaction, and Optimism.
abstract: The aim of this study was to examine the direct and mediated effects of a telephonic health coaching program on changes to healthy behaviors, life satisfaction, and optimism.
  
  
  
  This longitudinal correlational study of 4881 individuals investigated simple and mediated relationships between participation in a telephonic health risk coaching program and outcomes from three annual Well-being Assessments.
  
  
  
  Program participation was directly related to improvements in healthy behaviors, life satisfaction and optimism, and indirect effects of coaching on these variables concurrently and over a one-year time lag were also supported.
  
  
  
  Given previous research that improvements to life satisfaction, optimism, and health behaviors are valuable for individuals, employers, and communities, a clearer understanding of intervention approaches that may impact these outcomes simultaneously can drive greater program effectiveness and value on investment.
authors.affiliation: Center for Health Research, Healthways, Inc, Franklin, Tennessee.
authors.forename: Lindsay E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Sears
authors.forename: Carter R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Coberley
authors.forename: James E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Pope
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D037001:Directive Counseling; D005260:Female; D015438:Health Behavior; D006293:Health Promotion; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D000071252:Mentoring; D008875:Middle Aged; D000067656:Optimism; D010549:Personal Satisfaction; D013689:Telephone; D055815:Young Adult