title: Land use effects on pesticides in sediments of prairie pothole wetlands in North and South Dakota.
abstract: Prairie potholes are the dominant wetland type in the intensively cultivated northern Great Plains of North America, and thus have the potential to receive pesticide runoff and drift. We examined the presence of pesticides in sediments of 151 wetlands split among the three dominant land use types, Conservation Reserve Program (CRP), cropland, and native prairie, in North and South Dakota in 2011. Herbicides (glyphosate and atrazine) and fungicides were detected regularly, with no insecticide detections. Glyphosate was the most detected pesticide, occurring in 61% of all wetlands, with atrazine in only 8% of wetlands. Pyraclostrobin was one of five fungicides detected, but the only one of significance, being detected in 31% of wetlands. Glyphosate was the only pesticide that differed by land use, with concentrations in cropland over four-times that in either native prairie or CRP, which were equal in concentration and frequency of detection. Despite examining several landscape variables, such as wetland proximity to specific crop types, watershed size, and others, land use was the best variable explaining pesticide concentrations in potholes. CRP ameliorated glyphosate in wetlands at concentrations comparable to native prairie and thereby provides another ecosystem service from this expansive program.
authors.affiliation: Department of Integrative Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, United States. Electronic address: scott.mcmurry@okstate.edu.
authors.forename: Scott T
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: McMurry
authors.affiliation: Department of Integrative Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, United States.
authors.forename: Jason B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Belden
authors.affiliation: Department of Integrative Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, United States.
authors.forename: Loren M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.affiliation: Department of Integrative Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, United States.
authors.forename: Shane A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Morrison
authors.affiliation: Department of Integrative Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, United States.
authors.forename: Dale W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Daniel
authors.affiliation: USGS Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center, Jamestown, ND 58401, United States.
authors.forename: Betty R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Euliss
authors.affiliation: USGS Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center, Jamestown, ND 58401, United States.
authors.forename: Ned H
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: Euliss
authors.affiliation: Department of Integrative Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, United States.
authors.forename: Bart J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Kensinger
authors.affiliation: USGS Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center, Jamestown, ND 58401, United States.
authors.forename: Brian A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Tangen
mesh_terms: D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis*; D019015:Geologic Sediments / Q000737:chemistry*; D009658:North Dakota; D010575:Pesticides / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis*; D013023:South Dakota; D053833:Wetlands
chemical_list: D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D010575:Pesticides
keywords: Fungicides; Herbicides; Insecticides; Prairie pothole; Wetlands