title: Determination of free and esterified carotenoid composition in rose hip fruit by HPLC-DAD-APCI(+)-MS.
abstract: Rose hip fruit, which contains high concentration of carotenoids is commonly used for different food products in Europe and it is considered to have medical properties. In this study, a simple, rapid and efficient HPLC-DAD-APCI(+)-MS method was developed and applied to identify and quantify the carotenoids in rose hip fruit of four rose species, including both unsaponified and saponified extract. In the unsaponified extract 23 carotenoid esters were detected, in which either rubixanthin ester or violaxanthin ester was the dominant component of the ester composition. In the saponified extract 21 carotenoids, including 11 xanthophylls and 10 carotenes were detected. This is the first time the total carotenoid composition, including the carotenoid esters in rose hip fruit were identified and quantified. This work reveals the potential of rose hip fruit to be utilized as a healthy dietary material and give chemical information for the possible future development in the pharmacology field.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 101, SE-230 53 Alnarp, Sweden. Electronic address: lijie.zhong@slu.se.
authors.forename: Lijie
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhong
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 101, SE-230 53 Alnarp, Sweden.
authors.forename: Karl-Erik
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Gustavsson
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Lund University, SE-223 62 Lund, Sweden.
authors.forename: Stina
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Oredsson
authors.affiliation: Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology of University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, 80-822 Gdansk, Poland.
authors.forename: Bartosz
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Głąb
authors.affiliation: Scandinavian Biotechnology Research AB, P.O. Box 158, SE-230 53 Alnarp, Sweden.
authors.forename: Jenny Lindberg
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Yilmaz
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 101, SE-230 53 Alnarp, Sweden.
authors.forename: Marie E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Olsson
mesh_terms: D002338:Carotenoids / Q000032:analysis*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D004952:Esters / Q000032:analysis*; D005060:Europe; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry*; D013058:Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods; D027826:Rosa / Q000737:chemistry*; D012503:Saponins; D024341:Xanthophylls
chemical_list: D004952:Esters; D012503:Saponins; D024341:Xanthophylls; D002338:Carotenoids; C005613:violaxanthin
keywords: 5,6-Epoxy-lutein (PubChem CID: 5281244); Carotenoids; Fatty acid; HPLC-DAD-APCI(+)-MS; Identification; Lutein (PubChem CID: 5281243); Lycopene (PubChem CID: 446925); Rose hip fruit; Rubixanthin (PubChem CID: 5281252); Saponification; Violaxanthin (PubChem CID: 448438); Violaxanthin monolaurate (PubChem CID: 13932663); Xanthophyll ester; Zeaxanthin (PubChem CID: 5280899); Zeaxanthin laurate myristate (PubChem CID: 101997817); β-Carotene (PubChem CID: 5280489); β-Cryptoxanthin (PubChem CID: 5281235)