title: Original Research: Establishment of an early embolus-related cerebral injury model after cardiopulmonary bypass in miniature pigs.
abstract: Embolus-related cerebral injury is still a serious adverse event after cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). But there is no stable animal model for basic and clinical research purposes. We chose miniature pig to establish a stable animal model of embolus-related cerebral injury after CPB and verified the validity of results by correlating the histopathological findings with those of diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW-MRI). Based on different treatment regimens, 24 male miniature pigs were randomly assigned into four groups: Control, CPB, embolus, and CPB-embolus groups. DW-MRI was performed before and after surgery to diagnose and locate the brain lesions. Histopathological changes in brain tissues were examined using H&E and Nissl staining. All surgical procedures were uneventful with 100% postoperative survival of pigs. Two animals in the Embolus group and six animals in the CPB-embolus group showed signs of ischemic penumbra on DW-MRI performed 6 h after surgery. Consistent with the results of DW-MRI, histopathological examination showed necrosis and ischemic lesions. In this paper, we demonstrate the feasibility and validity of a pig model of embolus-related cerebral injury associated with CPB. This model may be used in the future for basic and translational research.
authors.affiliation: Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian, China.
authors.forename: Weiwei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian, China Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian, China wenggx2011@163.com.
authors.forename: Guoxing
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Weng
authors.affiliation: Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian, China.
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian, China.
authors.forename: Shun
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian, China.
authors.forename: Jiayin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bao
authors.affiliation: Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian, China.
authors.forename: Xiying
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian, China.
authors.forename: Zhi
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Dou
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian, China.
authors.forename: Huan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian, China.
authors.forename: Haiyu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D002315:Cardiopulmonary Bypass / Q000009:adverse effects*; D038524:Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D020766:Intracranial Embolism / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D059906:Neuroimaging; D013552:Swine; D013556:Swine, Miniature
keywords: Animal models; cardiopulmonary bypass; cerebral injury; diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging; embolus; miniature pig