title: Up-regulation of long non-coding RNA PANDAR is associated with poor prognosis and promotes tumorigenesis in bladder cancer.
abstract: Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have emerged as biomarkers and important regulators of tumor development and progression. PANDAR (promoter of CDKN1A antisense DNA damage activated RNA) is a novel long non-coding RNA that acts as a potential biomarker and involves in development of multiple cancers. However, the clinical significance and molecular mechanism of PANDAR in bladder cancer is still unknown. In this study, we aimed to figure out the role of PANDAR in bladder cancer.
  
  
  
  The relative expression level of lncRNA PANDAR was determined by Real-Time qPCR in a total of 55 patients with urothelial bladder cancer and in different bladder cancer cell lines. We inhibited PANDAR expression by transfecting PANDAR specific siRNA and enhanced PANDAR expression by transfecting a PANDAR expression vector (pcDNA3.1-PANDAR). Cell proliferation was determined by using both CCK-8 assay and Edu assay. Cell apoptosis was determined by using ELISA assay, Hoechst 33342 staining and Flow cytometry. Cell migration was determined by using transwell assay. All experimental data from three independent experiments were analyzed by χ2 test or Student's t-test and results were expressed as mean ± standard deviation.
  
  
  
  We found that PANDAR was significantly up-regulated in bladder cancer tissues compared with paired-adjacent nontumorous tissues in a cohort of 55 bladder cancer patients. Moreover, increased PANDAR expression was positively correlated with higher histological grade (P < 0.05) and advanced TNM stage (P < 0.05). Further experiments demonstrated that inhibited cell proliferation/migration and induced apoptosis by silencing PANDAR were also observed in bladder cancer cells. Furthermore, over expression of PANDAR in bladder cancer cells promoted the proliferation/migration and suppressed apoptosis.
  
  
  
  These findings demonstrate that PANDAR plays oncogenic roles in bladder cancer and PANDAR may serve as a potential prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target of bladder cancer.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Medical Reprogramming Technology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.|Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Institute of Urology, Peking University, National Urological Cancer Center, Beijing, 100034, China.|Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, China.
authors.forename: Yonghao
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhan
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Medical Reprogramming Technology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.|Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, China.
authors.forename: Junhao
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Medical Reprogramming Technology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.|Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Institute of Urology, Peking University, National Urological Cancer Center, Beijing, 100034, China.
authors.forename: Yuchen
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Medical Reprogramming Technology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.
authors.forename: Mingwei
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Medical Reprogramming Technology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.|Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, China.
authors.forename: Xiaoying
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Medical Reprogramming Technology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.|Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, China.
authors.forename: Chengle
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhuang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Medical Reprogramming Technology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.|Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, China.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Medical Reprogramming Technology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.
authors.forename: Wen
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Medical Reprogramming Technology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.|Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, China.
authors.forename: Zhicong
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Medical Reprogramming Technology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.
authors.forename: Anbang
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Medical Reprogramming Technology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.
authors.forename: Qiaoxia
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Medical Reprogramming Technology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.
authors.forename: Xiaojuan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Medical Reprogramming Technology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.|Shanghai-MOST Key Laboratory of Health and Disease Genomics, Chinese National Human Genome Centerat Shanghai, Shanghai 200000, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Guoping
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Medical Reprogramming Technology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China. pony8980@163.com.|Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Institute of Urology, Peking University, National Urological Cancer Center, Beijing, 100034, China. pony8980@163.com.|Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, China. pony8980@163.com.
authors.forename: Weiren
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Huang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D017209:Apoptosis; D002295:Carcinoma, Transitional Cell / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002465:Cell Movement; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D005260:Female; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011379:Prognosis; D062085:RNA, Long Noncoding / Q000235:genetics*; D015854:Up-Regulation; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D062085:RNA, Long Noncoding; C000612163:long non-coding RNA PANDAR, human