title: Understanding intimate partner violence and its correlates.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study assessed intimate partner violence (IPV) and alcohol use in an urban population in Pune, India. The prevalence of IPV and alcohol use was assessed along with the correlation of IPV with alcohol and other variables.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was cross-sectional, questionnaire-based. The materials used were the hurt insult threaten scream (HITS) scale, the alcohol use disorders identification test, and a brief psychosocial questionnaire. Systematic random sampling was done on the target population. Regression analysis of various factors in relation to HITS score was done.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sample size (n) was 318 individuals. Prevalence of IPV was found to be 16% and the victims were mostly women. Prevalence of alcohol use was 44%, of which 8.9% were harmful users. No female subjects consumed alcohol, but 94% were aware of their husband's alcohol consumption. No significant correlation was found between IPV and education (P = 0.220) or income of women (P = 0.250). Alcohol consumption by males was a significant risk factor for women experiencing IPV (σ = +0.524; P< 0.001). Regression analysis also revealed that increasing marital age (P = 0.019) and financial support from in-laws (P = 0.040) were significantly protective.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  IPV prevalence was less than the national average for India, but the majority of victims was women. The most common type of IPV was verbal. Alcohol use prevalence was higher than the national average, but harmful use was lower. Alcohol use is a significant risk factor for IPV. Education and income of women were not significantly protective against IPV but increased age at marriage and support from in-laws were.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, MH Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Shashikumar
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ramadugu
authors.affiliation: Medical Officer Army Medical Corps, Pune, Maharashtra, India.
authors.forename: Prasad V
authors.initials: PV
authors.lastname: Jayaram
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune, Maharashtra, India.
authors.forename: Kalpana
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Srivastava
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune, Maharashtra, India.
authors.forename: Kaushik
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Chatterjee
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry Command Hospital (SC), Pune, Maharashtra, India.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Madhusudan
keywords: Alcohol; HITS; intimate partner violence