title: Known-Groups and Concurrent Validity of the Mandarin Tone Identification Test (MTIT).
abstract: The Mandarin Tone Identification Test (MTIT) is a new test designed to assess the tone identification abilities of children with hearing impairment (HI). Evidence for reliability and sensitivity has been reported. The present study aimed to evaluate the known-groups and concurrent validity of the MTIT.
  
  
  
  The MTIT and Mandarin Pediatric Speech Intelligibility test (MPSI) were administered in quiet and in noise conditions. The known-groups validity was evaluated by comparing the performance of the MTIT on children with two different levels of HI. The MPSI was included to evaluate the concurrent validity of the MTIT.
  
  
  
  81 children with HI were recruited in the present study. They were Mandarin-speaking children with profound HI (mean age = 9; 0, n = 41) and with moderate to severe HI (mean age = 8; 9, n = 40).
  
  
  
  Scores on the MTIT differed between the two groups with different hearing levels suggesting good known-groups validity. A strong relationship between tone and sentence perception both in quiet and in noise provided preliminary evidence for concurrent validity.
  
  
  
  The present study confirmed that the MTIT has good known-groups validity and provided preliminary evidence for concurrent validity. The MTIT could be used to evaluate tone identification ability in children with HI with confidence.
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China.|Department of Electronic Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Shufeng
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Division of Speech and Hearing Sciences, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
authors.forename: Lena L N
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China.|Neural and Cognitive Sciences Research Center, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China.
authors.forename: Fei
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Division of Speech and Hearing Sciences, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
authors.forename: Yuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Electronic Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D001309:Auditory Threshold; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007802:Language; D008297:Male; D009622:Noise; D010897:Pitch Discrimination; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D059629:Signal-To-Noise Ratio; D013067:Speech Perception