title: The ACTN3 R577X polymorphism affects the lipid profile and the prognosis of nutritional intervention in HIV-positive patients.
abstract: The hypothesis of the present study is that the polymorphisms in the APOC3, CEPT, ACE, and ACTN3 genes can affect the outcome of nutritional intervention and the plasma lipid profile of HIV+ patients. To test the hypothesis, genetic material was collected from buccal cells, and serum was collected for biochemical analysis. Sixty-five patients were analyzed. The incorporation of protease inhibitor (PI) was more frequent in women (77% vs 33% in men). Nutritional intervention improved anthropometric parameters independent of the genotype. Patients with the RR genotype for the ACTN3 R577X polymorphism had lower glycemia (RR = 95.4 ± 6.5 mg/dL, RX = 102.6 ± 10.6 mg/dL, XX = 110.1 ± 16.3 mg/dL; P = .03) and a greater reduction in low-density lipoproteins (LDL) after intervention (LDL: RR = -23.7 ± 15.8 mg/dL, RX = 1.32 ± 5.13 mg/dL, XX = 30.21 ± 24.4 mg/dL; P = .01). Patients using PI had a negative response to dietary intervention regarding the levels of high-density lipoprotein (-2.4 ± 1.70 with PI, 2.56 ± 1.60 mg/dL without PI; P = .02), very low density lipoprotein (0.84 ± 2.73 with IP, -5.46 ± 3.37 mg/dL without PI; P = .03), and triglycerides (1.79 ± 13.22 with PI, -34.00 ± 17.67 mg/dL without PI; P = .052). This response was also independent of the genotype (P > 0.05) and suggested the need for oral lipid-lowering drugs in all HIV+ patients using PI. Our results indicate that the ACTN3 R577X polymorphism is a good predictor of both the lipid profile and the prognosis of nutritional intervention in reducing LDL in HIV+ patients.
authors.affiliation: School of Nutrition-Federal University of Pelotas, R. Gomes Carneiro no. 01, Pelotas, Brazil.
authors.forename: Laura C R
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Aranalde
authors.affiliation: School of Nutrition-Federal University of Pelotas, R. Gomes Carneiro no. 01, Pelotas, Brazil.
authors.forename: Bruna S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Pederzoli
authors.affiliation: School of Nutrition-Federal University of Pelotas, R. Gomes Carneiro no. 01, Pelotas, Brazil.
authors.forename: Thais
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Marten
authors.affiliation: Paulista University, Rua Luís Goes, 2211 Mirandópolis, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Flavio C
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Barros
authors.affiliation: University Hospital Dr. Miguel Riet Correa Jr.-Federal University of Rio Grande, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rossana P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Basso
authors.affiliation: University Hospital Dr. Miguel Riet Correa Jr.-Federal University of Rio Grande, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
authors.forename: Jussara M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Silveira
authors.affiliation: School of Nutrition-Federal University of Pelotas, R. Gomes Carneiro no. 01, Pelotas, Brazil.
authors.forename: Sandra C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Valle
authors.affiliation: School of Nutrition-Federal University of Pelotas, R. Gomes Carneiro no. 01, Pelotas, Brazil.
authors.forename: Simone
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pieniz
authors.affiliation: Department of Biophysics-Federal University of São Paulo, R. Botucatu, 862, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ronaldo C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Araujo
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry-Federal University of São Paulo, R. Botucatu, 862, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Edgar J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Paredes-Gamero
authors.affiliation: School of Nutrition-Federal University of Pelotas, R. Gomes Carneiro no. 01, Pelotas, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ines
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Schadock
authors.affiliation: School of Nutrition-Federal University of Pelotas, R. Gomes Carneiro no. 01, Pelotas, Brazil.
authors.forename: Augusto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schneider
authors.affiliation: School of Nutrition-Federal University of Pelotas, R. Gomes Carneiro no. 01, Pelotas, Brazil. Electronic address: barros_cc@yahoo.com.br.
authors.forename: Carlos C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Barros
mesh_terms: D000185:Actinin / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D000328:Adult; D000886:Anthropometry; D044966:Anti-Retroviral Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D001056:Apolipoproteins C / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004032:Diet; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D060005:Genotyping Techniques; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000097:blood / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D044342:Malnutrition / Q000097:blood / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics; D008875:Middle Aged; D009061:Mouth Mucosa / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D015596:Nutrition Assessment; D010349:Patient Compliance; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: C118456:ACTN3 protein, human; D044966:Anti-Retroviral Agents; D001056:Apolipoproteins C; D001786:Blood Glucose; D014280:Triglycerides; D000185:Actinin; D002784:Cholesterol
keywords: AIDS; Dyslipidemia; Human; Metabolic syndrome; Metabolism; Polymorphism