title: The growing story of (ARABIDOPSIS) CRINKLY 4.
abstract: Receptor kinases play important roles in plant growth and development, but only few of them have been functionally characterized in depth. Over the past decade CRINKLY 4 (CR4)-related research has peaked as a result of a newly discovered role of ARABIDOPSIS CR4 (ACR4) in the root. Here, we comprehensively review the available (A)CR4 literature and describe its role in embryo, seed, shoot, and root development, but we also flag an unexpected role in plant defence. In addition, we discuss ACR4 domains and protein structure, describe known ACR4-interacting proteins and substrates, and elaborate on the transcriptional regulation of ACR4 Finally, we address the missing knowledge in our understanding of ACR4 signalling.
authors.affiliation: Division of Plant and Crop Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Loughborough, LE12 5RD, UK.
authors.forename: Nathan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Czyzewicz
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B-9052 Ghent University, Belgium Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium.
authors.forename: Natalia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nikonorova
authors.affiliation: Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry Biophysics and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA.
authors.forename: Matthew R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Meyer
authors.affiliation: Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry Biophysics and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA.
authors.forename: Priyanka
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sandal
authors.affiliation: Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry Biophysics and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA.
authors.forename: Shweta
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shah
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B-9052 Ghent University, Belgium Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium Medical Biotechnology Center, VIB, 9000 Ghent, Belgium Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
authors.forename: Lam Dai
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Vu
authors.affiliation: Medical Biotechnology Center, VIB, 9000 Ghent, Belgium Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
authors.forename: Kris
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Gevaert
authors.affiliation: Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry Biophysics and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA.
authors.forename: A Gururaj
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Rao
authors.affiliation: Division of Plant and Crop Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Loughborough, LE12 5RD, UK Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B-9052 Ghent University, Belgium Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium Centre for Plant Integrative Biology, University of Nottingham, Loughborough, LE12 5RD, UK ive.desmet@psb.vib-ugent.be.
authors.forename: Ive
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: De Smet
mesh_terms: D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D057865:Plant Immunity; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D018520:Plant Shoots / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D012639:Seeds / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; C462019:ACR4 protein, Arabidopsis; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases
keywords: ACR4; Arabidopsis; embryo; epidermis; flower; maize; receptor kinase; rice; root; seed.