title: Prehospital systolic blood pressure is higher in acute stroke compared with stroke mimics.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the natural history of prehospital blood pressure (BP) during emergency medical services (EMS) transport of suspected stroke and determine whether prehospital BP differs among types of patients with suspected stroke (ischemic stroke, TIA, intracerebral hemorrhage [ICH], or stroke mimic).
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective, cross-sectional, observational analysis of a centralized EMS database containing electronic records of patients transported by EMS to the emergency department (ED) with suspected stroke during an 18-month period was conducted. Hospital charts and neuroimaging were utilized to determine the final diagnosis (ischemic stroke, TIA, ICH, or stroke mimic).
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 960 patients were transported by EMS to ED with suspected stroke. Stroke was diagnosed in 544 patients (56.7%) (38.2% ischemic stroke, 12.2% TIA, 5.3% ICH) and 416 (43.2%) were considered mimics. Age-adjusted mean prehospital systolic BP (SBP) was higher in acute stroke patients (155.6 mm Hg; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 153.4-157.9 mm Hg) compared to mimics (146.1 mm Hg; 95% CI: 142.5-148.6 mm Hg; p < 0.001). Age-adjusted mean prehospital SBP was higher in ICH (172.3 mm Hg; 95% CI: 165.1-179.7 mm Hg) than in either ischemic stroke or TIA (154.7 mm Hg; 95% CI: 152.3-157.0 mm Hg; p < 0.001). Median (interquartile range) SBP drop from initial prehospital SBP to ED SBP was 4 mm Hg (-6 to 17 mm Hg). Mean prehospital SBP was strongly correlated with ED SBP (r = 0.82, p < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Prehospital SBP is higher in acute stroke relative to stroke mimics and highest in ICH. Given the stability of BP between initial EMS and ED measurements, it may be reasonable to test the feasibility and safety of prehospital antihypertensive therapy in patients with suspected acute stroke.
authors.affiliation: From the Division of Neurology (L.C.G.), University of Montreal; Division of Neurology (R.T.Z., M.P.K., B.B., T.J., K.B.), University of Alberta; Department of Emergency Medical Services (K.L.), Alberta Health Services; and Department of Emergency Medicine (B.H.R.), University of Alberta, Canada.
authors.forename: Laura C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Gioia
authors.affiliation: From the Division of Neurology (L.C.G.), University of Montreal; Division of Neurology (R.T.Z., M.P.K., B.B., T.J., K.B.), University of Alberta; Department of Emergency Medical Services (K.L.), Alberta Health Services; and Department of Emergency Medicine (B.H.R.), University of Alberta, Canada.
authors.forename: Rahel T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Zewude
authors.affiliation: From the Division of Neurology (L.C.G.), University of Montreal; Division of Neurology (R.T.Z., M.P.K., B.B., T.J., K.B.), University of Alberta; Department of Emergency Medical Services (K.L.), Alberta Health Services; and Department of Emergency Medicine (B.H.R.), University of Alberta, Canada.
authors.forename: Mahesh P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Kate
authors.affiliation: From the Division of Neurology (L.C.G.), University of Montreal; Division of Neurology (R.T.Z., M.P.K., B.B., T.J., K.B.), University of Alberta; Department of Emergency Medical Services (K.L.), Alberta Health Services; and Department of Emergency Medicine (B.H.R.), University of Alberta, Canada.
authors.forename: Kim
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Liss
authors.affiliation: From the Division of Neurology (L.C.G.), University of Montreal; Division of Neurology (R.T.Z., M.P.K., B.B., T.J., K.B.), University of Alberta; Department of Emergency Medical Services (K.L.), Alberta Health Services; and Department of Emergency Medicine (B.H.R.), University of Alberta, Canada.
authors.forename: Brian H
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Rowe
authors.affiliation: From the Division of Neurology (L.C.G.), University of Montreal; Division of Neurology (R.T.Z., M.P.K., B.B., T.J., K.B.), University of Alberta; Department of Emergency Medical Services (K.L.), Alberta Health Services; and Department of Emergency Medicine (B.H.R.), University of Alberta, Canada.
authors.forename: Brian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Buck
authors.affiliation: From the Division of Neurology (L.C.G.), University of Montreal; Division of Neurology (R.T.Z., M.P.K., B.B., T.J., K.B.), University of Alberta; Department of Emergency Medical Services (K.L.), Alberta Health Services; and Department of Emergency Medicine (B.H.R.), University of Alberta, Canada.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Jeerakathil
authors.affiliation: From the Division of Neurology (L.C.G.), University of Montreal; Division of Neurology (R.T.Z., M.P.K., B.B., T.J., K.B.), University of Alberta; Department of Emergency Medical Services (K.L.), Alberta Health Services; and Department of Emergency Medicine (B.H.R.), University of Alberta, Canada. ken.butcher@ualberta.ca.
authors.forename: Ken
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Butcher
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001794:Blood Pressure; D001795:Blood Pressure Determination / Q000379:methods*; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D002543:Cerebral Hemorrhage / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D016208:Databases, Factual; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D004632:Emergency Medical Services / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D020521:Stroke / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013997:Time Factors