title: Facile synthesis of mosquitocidal silver nanoparticles using Mussaenda glabra leaf extract: characterisation and impact on non-target aquatic organisms.
abstract: Plant-borne compounds have been proposed for extracellular synthesis of mosquitocidal nanoparticles. However, their impact against mosquito natural enemies has been scarcely studied. Here, we synthesised silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) using Mussaenda glabra leaf extract as reducing and stabilising agent. Biofabricated Ag NPs were characterised by UV-vis spectrophotometry, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Compared to the leaf aqueous extract, biosynthesised Ag NPs showed higher toxicity against mosquito vectors Anopheles subpictus, Aedes albopictus and Culex tritaeniorhynchus with LC50 of 17-19 μg/mL, respectively. Ag NPs were found safer to non-target organisms Diplonychus indicus and Gambusia affinis, with respective LC50 values ranging from 1446 to 8628 μg/mL. Overall, M. glabra-fabricated Ag NPs are a promising and eco-friendly tool against larval populations of mosquito vectors of medical and veterinary importance, with negligible toxicity against other non-target aquatic organisms.
authors.affiliation: a Unit of Vector Control, Phytochemistry and Nanotechnology, Department of Zoology , Annamalai University , Annamalainagar , India.
authors.forename: Marimuthu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Govindarajan
authors.affiliation: a Unit of Vector Control, Phytochemistry and Nanotechnology, Department of Zoology , Annamalai University , Annamalainagar , India.
authors.forename: Mohan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rajeswary
authors.affiliation: b Regional Medical Research Centre , Belgaum , India.
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Hoti
authors.affiliation: c Department of Environmental Biology , Sapienza University of Rome , Rome , Italy.
authors.forename: Marcello
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nicoletti
authors.affiliation: d Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment , University of Pisa , Pisa , Italy.
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Benelli
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D059001:Aquatic Organisms / Q000187:drug effects; D007306:Insecticides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles; D009032:Mosquito Control; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000378:metabolism*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000378:metabolism; D019666:Rubiaceae / Q000378:metabolism*; D012834:Silver / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D007306:Insecticides; D010936:Plant Extracts; D012834:Silver
keywords: Biofabrication; Japanese encephalitis; dengue; malaria; one-pot nanosynthesis