title: [Psoriasis in special localizations].
abstract: A large proportion of patients with plaque psoriasis suffer from psoriatic lesions of the scalp, nails, and intertrigines. These locations can also be soley or predominantly affected. Scalp psoriasis, nail psoriasis, and inverse psoriasis are often perceived as particularly stigmatizing. Involvement of these parts of the body is associated with an increased risk of psoriatic arthritis. Location-specific features must be considered when choosing treatment. Evidence for topical therapy of scalp psoriasis with steroids and combinations of steroids and vitamin D analogues is high. These agents are regarded as safe and effective treatments of first choice. Efficacy of TNF antagonists and apremilast is well documented for refractory scalp psoriasis. Nail psoriasis often responds insufficiently to topical therapy. Several effective systemic medications including methotrexate and TNF antagonists are available for treatment of severe forms. Controlled trials for treatment of inverse psoriasis are scarce. Topical steroids, vitamin D analogues, dithranol, and off-label calcineurin inhibitors are used in clinical practice. This review provides a survey on the clinical presentation and current evidence for treatment of psoriasis in challenging locations.
authors.affiliation: Klinik für Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie, Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Medizinische Fakultät Mannheim der Universität Heidelberg, Mannheim, Deutschland.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schmieder
authors.affiliation: Klinik für Dermatologie und Phlebologie, Vivantes Klinikum im Friedrichshain, Landsberger Allee 49, 10249, Berlin, Deutschland. wiebke.ludwig-peitsch@vivantes.de.
authors.forename: W K
authors.initials: WK
authors.lastname: Peitsch
mesh_terms: D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D003879:Dermatologic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine; D006801:Humans; D009260:Nail Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D011565:Psoriasis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D012536:Scalp Dermatoses / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D013256:Steroids / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D003879:Dermatologic Agents; D013256:Steroids; D014807:Vitamin D
keywords: Biologicals; Intertrigo; Nail; Scalp; Topical steroids