title: Bioactivity of 2'-deoxyinosine-incorporated aptamer AS1411.
abstract: Aptamers can be chemically modified to enhance nuclease resistance and increase target affinity. In this study, we performed chemical modification of 2'-deoxyinosine in AS1411, an anti-proliferative G-rich oligodeoxynucleotide aptamer, which binds selectively to the nucleolin protein. Its function was augmented when 2'-deoxyinosine was incorporated at positions 12, 13, 15, and 24 of AS1411, respectively. In addition, double incorporation of 2'-deoxyinosine at positions 12 and 24 (FAN-1224dI), 13 and 24 (FAN-1324dI), and 15 and 24 (FAN-1524dI) promoted G-quartet formation, as well as inhibition of DNA replication and tumor cell growth, and induced S-phase cell cycle arrest. In further animal experiments, FAN-1224dI, FAN-1324dI and FAN-1524dI resulted in enhanced treatment effects than AS1411 alone. These results suggested that the position and number of modification substituents in AS1411 are critical parameters to improve the diagnostic and therapeutic function of the aptamer. Structural investigations of the FAN-1524dI/nucleolin complex structure, using molecular dynamics simulation, revealed the critical interactions involving nucleolin and 2'-dI incorporated AS1411 compared with AS1411 alone. These findings augment understanding of the role of 2'-deoxyinosine moieties in interactive binding processes.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China.
authors.forename: Xinmeng
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.affiliation: Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, China Three Gorges University Medical College, Yichang, 443002 China.
authors.forename: Lidan
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China.
authors.forename: Yun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China.
authors.forename: Lihe
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China.
authors.forename: Zhenjun
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D052157:Aptamers, Nucleotide / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002463:Cell Membrane Permeability / Q000187:drug effects; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002942:Circular Dichroism; D004247:DNA / Q000737:chemistry; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007288:Inosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D061986:MCF-7 Cells; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008819:Mice, Nude; D056004:Molecular Dynamics Simulation; D009690:Nucleic Acid Conformation; D009838:Oligodeoxyribonucleotides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010750:Phosphoproteins / Q000378:metabolism; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D023041:Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays; D000097796:Nucleolin
chemical_list: D052157:Aptamers, Nucleotide; D004247:DNA; D007288:Inosine; D009838:Oligodeoxyribonucleotides; D010750:Phosphoproteins; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins; D000097796:Nucleolin; C513936:AGRO 100; C012271:deoxyinosine