title: Cell proliferation on PVA/sodium alginate and PVA/poly(γ-glutamic acid) electrospun fiber.
abstract: To overcome the obstacles of easy dissolution of PVA nanofibers without crosslinking treatment and the poor electrospinnability of the PVA cross-linked nanofibers via electrospinning process, the PVA based electrospun hydrogel nanofibers are prepared with post-crosslinking method. To expect the electrospun hydrogel fibers might be a promising scaffold for cell culture and tissue engineering applications, the evaluation of cell proliferation on the post-crosslinking electrospun fibers is conducted in this study. At beginning, poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), PVA/sodium alginate (PVASA) and PVA/poly(γ-glutamic acid) (PVAPGA) electrospun fibers were prepared by electrospinning method. The electrospun PVA, PVASA and PVAPGA nanofibers were treated with post-cross-linking method with glutaraldehyde (Glu) as crosslinking agent. These electrospun fibers were characterized with thermogravimetry analysis (TGA) and their morphologies were observed with a scanning electron microscope (SEM). To support the evaluation and explanation of cell growth on the fiber, the study of 3T3 mouse fibroblast cell growth on the surface of pure PVA, SA, and PGA thin films is conducted. The proliferation of 3T3 on the electrospun fiber surface of PVA, PVASA, and PVAPGA was evaluated by seeding 3T3 fibroblast cells on these crosslinked electrospun fibers. The cell viability on electrospun fibers was conducted with water-soluble tetrazolium salt-1 assay (Cell Proliferation Reagent WST-1). The morphology of the cells on the fibers was also observed with SEM. The results of WST-1 assay revealed that 3T3 cells cultured on different electrospun fibers had similar viability, and the cell viability increased with time for all electrospun fibers. From the morphology of the cells on electrospun fibers, it is found that 3T3 cells attached on all electrospun fiber after 1day seeded. Cell-cell communication was noticed on day 3 for all electrospun fibers. Extracellular matrix (ECM) productions were found and cell-ECM adhesion was shown on day 7. The cell number was also increased on all of the crosslinked electrospun fibers. It seems that the PVA based electrospun hydrogel nanofibers prepared with post-crosslinking method can be used as scaffold for tissue engineering.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan, ROC. Electronic address: jmyang@mail.cgu.edu.tw.
authors.forename: Jen Ming
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Electronic Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC.
authors.forename: Jhe Hao
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan, ROC.
authors.forename: Shu Chun
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Tsou
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan, ROC.
authors.forename: Chian Hua
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Keelung, Keelung, Taiwan, ROC; School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC.
authors.forename: Chih Chin
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.affiliation: School of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan, ROC.
authors.forename: Kai Chiang
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, Ming-Chi University of Science and Technology, New Taipei City, Taiwan, ROC.
authors.forename: Chun Chen
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Engineering, Tatung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
authors.forename: Ko Shao
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Electronic Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC.
authors.forename: Szi Wen
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Therapy and the Graduate Institute of Rehabilitation Science, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC.
authors.forename: Jong Shyan
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D016475:3T3 Cells; D000464:Alginates / Q000737:chemistry*; D000818:Animals; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D020723:Glucuronic Acid / Q000737:chemistry; D005976:Glutaral / Q000737:chemistry; D006603:Hexuronic Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D020136:Hydrogel, Polyethylene Glycol Dimethacrylate / Q000737:chemistry; D051379:Mice; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D057139:Nanofibers / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity; D011099:Polyglutamic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry; D011142:Polyvinyl Alcohol / Q000737:chemistry*; D013818:Thermogravimetry
chemical_list: D000464:Alginates; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D006603:Hexuronic Acids; C511775:poly(gamma-glutamic acid); D011099:Polyglutamic Acid; D020136:Hydrogel, Polyethylene Glycol Dimethacrylate; D020723:Glucuronic Acid; D011142:Polyvinyl Alcohol; D005976:Glutaral
keywords: Electrospinning; Poly(γ-glutamic acid); Polyvinyl alcohol; Sodium alginate