title: Outcomes of intra-detrusor injections of botulinum toxin in patients with spina bifida: A systematic review.
abstract: Bladder management in spina bifida patients relies on clean intermittent catheterization and oral antimuscarinics with a significant failure rate. The efficacy of intradetrusor injections of botulinum toxin has been confirmed in patients with spinal cord injury or multiple sclerosis but not in patients with myelomeningocele.
  
  
  
  To conduct a systematic review of current evidence regarding the efficacy of intra-detrusor injections of Botulinum Toxin A (BTX-A) in spina bifida patients with neurogenic detrusor overactivity (NDO) refractory to antimuscarinics.
  
  
  
  A research has been conducted on Medline and Embase using the keywords: ("spina bifida" OR "myelomeningocele" OR "dysraphism") AND "toxin." The search strategy and studies selection were performed using the PICOS method according to the PRISMA statement.
  
  
  
  Twelve published series were included (n = 293 patients). All patients were <18 years old. There was no randomized study comparing BTX-A versus placebo and most studies had no control group. Most studies reported a clinical and urodynamic improvement with resolution of incontinence in 32-100% of patients, a decrease in maximum detrusor pressure from 32 to 54%, an increase of maximum cystometric capacity from 27 to 162%, and an improvement in bladder compliance of 28-176%. Two studies suggested lower efficacy in patients with low compliance bladder compared to those with isolated detrusor overactivity.
  
  
  
  Intradetrusor injections of BTX-A could be effective in children with spina bifida but this assumption is not supported by high level of evidence studies. There is no data available in adult patients. Neurourol. Urodynam. 36:557-564, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
authors.affiliation: Service de chirurgie pédiatrique, CHU Rennes, Rennes, France.
authors.forename: Juliette
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hascoet
authors.affiliation: Service d'urologie, CHU Rennes, Rennes, France.|Centre de référence spina bifida, CHU Rennes, Rennes, France.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Manunta
authors.affiliation: Centre de référence spina bifida, CHU Rennes, Rennes, France.|Service de Gastro-Entérologie, CHU Rennes, Rennes, France.|Equipe thématique INPHY CIC 1414 et INSERM UMR 991, CHU Rennes, Rennes, France.
authors.forename: Charlène
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Brochard
authors.affiliation: Service de chirurgie pédiatrique, CHU Rennes, Rennes, France.
authors.forename: Alexis
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Arnaud
authors.affiliation: Centre de référence spina bifida, CHU Rennes, Rennes, France.|Service de médecine physique et réadaptation, CHU Rennes, Rennes, France.
authors.forename: Mireille
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Damphousse
authors.affiliation: Centre de référence spina bifida, CHU Rennes, Rennes, France.
authors.forename: Hélène
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Menard
authors.affiliation: Centre de référence spina bifida, CHU Rennes, Rennes, France.|Centre de rééducation de Kerpape, Ploemeur, France.
authors.forename: Jacques
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kerdraon
authors.affiliation: Centre de référence spina bifida, CHU Rennes, Rennes, France.
authors.forename: Hubert
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Journel
authors.affiliation: Centre de référence spina bifida, CHU Rennes, Rennes, France.|Service de médecine physique et réadaptation, CHU Rennes, Rennes, France.
authors.forename: Isabelle
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Bonan
authors.affiliation: Centre de référence spina bifida, CHU Rennes, Rennes, France.|Service de génétique, CHU Rennes, Rennes, France.
authors.forename: Sylvie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Odent
authors.affiliation: Service de chirurgie pédiatrique, CHU Rennes, Rennes, France.|Centre de référence spina bifida, CHU Rennes, Rennes, France.
authors.forename: Benjamin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Fremond
authors.affiliation: Centre de référence spina bifida, CHU Rennes, Rennes, France.|Service de Gastro-Entérologie, CHU Rennes, Rennes, France.|Equipe thématique INPHY CIC 1414 et INSERM UMR 991, CHU Rennes, Rennes, France.
authors.forename: Laurent
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Siproudhis
authors.affiliation: Département d'Urologie, Transplantation Rénale et Andrologie, CHU Rangueil, Toulouse, France.
authors.forename: Xavier
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Gamé
authors.affiliation: Service d'urologie, CHU Rennes, Rennes, France.|Centre de référence spina bifida, CHU Rennes, Rennes, France.|Equipe thématique INPHY CIC 1414 et INSERM UMR 991, CHU Rennes, Rennes, France.
authors.forename: Benoit
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Peyronnet
mesh_terms: D001905:Botulinum Toxins / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D018727:Muscarinic Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016135:Spinal Dysraphism / Q000150:complications*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014549:Urinary Incontinence / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D014563:Urodynamics / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D018727:Muscarinic Antagonists; D001905:Botulinum Toxins
keywords: botulinum toxin; detrusor overactivity; myelomeningocele; neurogenic bladder; spina bifida; spinal dysraphism