title: Comparison of emergence traps of different shape and translucency in the trapping of Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae).
abstract: Various types of emergence traps are available for investigations of the breeding habitats of Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). In order to assess the potential impact of the trap design on the trapping success, we compared the efficiency of opaque and white (more translucent) emergence traps and two trap shapes (cone-shaped and quadratic), to sample Culicoides emerging from cowpats. Significantly higher numbers of Culicoides chiopterus and Culicoides dewulfi were trapped with opaque traps, while there was no obvious effect of the trap shape. There were no distinct differences in the microclimate among different trap types.
authors.affiliation: Research Group Aquatic Ecology and Nature Conservation, Department of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Ammerländer Heerstraße 114-118, 26111 Oldenburg, Germany. Electronic address: sonja.steinke@uni-oldenburg.de.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Steinke
authors.affiliation: Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, WHO Collaborating Centre for Arbovirus and Haemorrhagic Fever Reference and Research, Hamburg, Germany.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lühken
authors.affiliation: Research Group Aquatic Ecology and Nature Conservation, Department of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Ammerländer Heerstraße 114-118, 26111 Oldenburg, Germany.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kroischke
authors.affiliation: Research Group Aquatic Ecology and Nature Conservation, Department of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Ammerländer Heerstraße 114-118, 26111 Oldenburg, Germany.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Timmermann
authors.affiliation: Research Group Aquatic Ecology and Nature Conservation, Department of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Ammerländer Heerstraße 114-118, 26111 Oldenburg, Germany.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kiel
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000528:radiation effects*; D002417:Cattle; D002519:Ceratopogonidae / Q000502:physiology*; D004772:Entomology / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D005243:Feces; D008027:Light
keywords: C. chiopterus; C. dewulfi; Cowpat; Development; Temperature; Trap design; Vector