title: Characterization of Integrons and qnr Genes in Proteeae from a Teaching Hospital in China.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Proteeae isolates displaying multidrug-resistance (MDR) are the second most common causes of hospital-associated infections. The aim of this study was to screen class 1-3 integrons and plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) genes in Proteeae isolates from the First Affiliated Hospital of the Wenzhou Medical University.
  
  
  METHODS
  176 Proteeae isolates were collected from clinical specimens of inpatients between January 2011 and December 2013. Susceptibility testing was determined by the agar dilution method. Class 1-3 integrons and PMQR genes were amplified by polymerase chain reaction, and the variable regions of integrons were determined by restriction fragment length polymorphisms.
  
  
  RESULTS
  68.2% Proteeae isolates exhibited MDR phenotypes: 46.6 and 10.8% Proteeae isolates were positive for intI1 and intI2, respectively. The resistance rate of integron-positive isolates to aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolones, and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole was significantly higher than integron-negative isolates. Sequence analysis revealed that dfrA1-sat2-aadA1, dfrA1-catB2-sat2-aadA1, and sat2-aadA1 were first detected in Morganella morganii strains isolated from China. PMQR was determined by qnrD in 40 strains (22.7%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results indicate that class 1 and 2 integrons are common among Proteeae isolates. Meanwhile, qnrD are highly prevalent in Proteeae isolated from our hospital.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
authors.forename: Jianming
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.forename: Meimei
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Chunquan
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Tieli
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Jia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Du
authors.forename: Yao
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Ling
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Qin
authors.forename: Jiru
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xu
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D015139:Blotting, Southern; D002681:China; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D024901:Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial / Q000187:drug effects; D006090:Gram-Negative Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006784:Hospitals, Teaching; D006801:Humans; D032023:Integrons / Q000235:genetics*; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D004269:DNA, Bacterial