title: SWI/SNF-directed stem cell lineage specification: dynamic composition regulates specific stages of skeletal myogenesis.
abstract: SWI/SNF chromatin-remodeling complexes are key regulators of the epigenetic modifications that determine whether stem cells maintain pluripotency or commit toward specific lineages through development and during postnatal life. Dynamic combinatorial assembly of multiple variants of SWI/SNF subunits is emerging as the major determinant of the functional versatility of SWI/SNF. Here, we summarize the current knowledge on the structural and functional properties of the alternative SWI/SNF complexes that direct stem cell fate toward skeletal muscle lineage and control distinct stages of skeletal myogenesis. In particular, we will refer to recent evidence pointing to the essential role of two SWI/SNF components not expressed in embryonic stem cells-the catalytic subunit BRM and the structural component BAF60C-whose induction in muscle progenitors coincides with the expansion of their transcriptional repertoire.
authors.affiliation: Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10905 Road to the Cure, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA.
authors.forename: Paula Coutinho
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Toto
authors.affiliation: Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10905 Road to the Cure, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA. lpuri@sbdiscobvery.org.|IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Via del Fosso di Fiorano, 64, 00143, Rome, Italy. lpuri@sbdiscobvery.org.
authors.forename: Pier Lorenzo
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Puri
authors.affiliation: Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10905 Road to the Cure, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA. salbini@sbpdiscovery.org.
authors.forename: Sonia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Albini
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019070:Cell Lineage / Q000235:genetics; D002868:Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008954:Models, Biological; D024510:Muscle Development / Q000235:genetics; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D002868:Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone; C445179:SWI-SNF-B chromatin-remodeling complex; D014157:Transcription Factors
keywords: BAF60C; BRM; Epigenetics; SWI/SNF; Skeletal muscle; Stem cells