title: A Meta-analytic Review of Auditory Event-Related Potential Components as Endophenotypes for Schizophrenia: Perspectives From First-Degree Relatives.
abstract: As endophenotypes bridge the gap between genetics and phenotypic disease expression, identifying reliable markers is important for fostering understanding of pathophysiology. The present aim was to conduct current meta-analyses of 3 key auditory event-related potential (ERP) components that have been held as potential endophenotypes for schizophrenia: P50, P300 amplitude and latency, and mismatch negativity (MMN), reflective of sensory gating, attention and classification speed, and perceptual discrimination ability, respectively. In order to assess endophenotype viability, these components were examined in unaffected relatives of patients with schizophrenia and healthy controls.
  
  
  
  Effect sizes (ES) were examined between relatives and controls for P50 suppression (10 studies, n = 360 relatives, 473 controls), P300 amplitude (20 studies, n = 868 relatives, 961 controls), P300 latency (17 studies, n = 674 relatives, 792 controls), and MMN (11 studies, n = 377 relatives, 552 controls).
  
  
  
  Reliable differences in P50 suppression (ES = 0.86, P < .001), P300 amplitude (ES = -0.52, P < .001), and P300 latency (ES = 0.44, P < .05) were found between unaffected relatives and controls. A trend was found between relatives and controls for MMN (ES = 0.21, P = 0.06), and the use of extraneous channels was found to be a significant moderator (P = 0.01). When MMN was analyzed using frontocentral channel Fz, a significant difference was found (ES = 0.26, P < 0.01).
  
  
  
  The results indicate that P50 suppression, P300 amplitude and P300 latency, and MMN may serve as viable endophenotypes for schizophrenia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO.
authors.forename: Holly A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Earls
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO.
authors.forename: Tim
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Curran
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL.|Department of Psychiatry, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL.
authors.forename: Vijay
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Mittal
mesh_terms: D060825:Cognitive Dysfunction / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D058068:Endophenotypes; D005072:Evoked Potentials, Auditory / Q000502:physiology*; D005190:Family; D006801:Humans; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology*
keywords: auditory ERP; endophenotype; relatives; schizophrenia