title: Predictive Accuracy of Violence Risk Scale-Sexual Offender Version Risk and Change Scores in Treated Canadian Aboriginal and Non-Aboriginal Sexual Offenders.
abstract: The present study examined the predictive properties of Violence Risk Scale-Sexual Offender version (VRS-SO) risk and change scores among Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal sexual offenders in a combined sample of 1,063 Canadian federally incarcerated men. All men participated in sexual offender treatment programming through the Correctional Service of Canada (CSC) at sites across its five regions. The Static-99R was also examined for comparison purposes. In total, 393 of the men were identified as Aboriginal (i.e., First Nations, Métis, Circumpolar) while 670 were non-Aboriginal and primarily White. Aboriginal men scored significantly higher on the Static-99R and VRS-SO and had higher rates of sexual and violent recidivism; however, there were no significant differences between Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal groups on treatment change with both groups demonstrating close to a half-standard deviation of change pre and post treatment. VRS-SO risk and change scores significantly predicted sexual and violent recidivism over fixed 5- and 10-year follow-ups for both racial/ancestral groups. Cox regression survival analyses also demonstrated positive treatment changes to be significantly associated with reductions in sexual and violent recidivism among Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal men after controlling baseline risk. A series of follow-up Cox regression analyses demonstrated that risk and change score information accounted for much of the observed differences between Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal men in rates of sexual recidivism; however, marked group differences persisted in rates of general violent recidivism even after controlling for these covariates. The results support the predictive properties of VRS-SO risk and change scores with treated Canadian Aboriginal sexual offenders.
authors.affiliation: 1 University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada.
authors.forename: Mark E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Olver
authors.affiliation: 2 Correctional Service of Canada, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.
authors.forename: Justina N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Sowden
authors.affiliation: 3 Royal Ottawa Health Care Group, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.|4 University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Drew A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Kingston
authors.affiliation: 1 University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada.
authors.forename: Terry P
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: Nicholaichuk
authors.affiliation: 1 University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada.|2 Correctional Service of Canada, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.
authors.forename: Audrey
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gordon
authors.affiliation: 5 University of Canterbury, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Sarah M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Beggs Christofferson
authors.affiliation: 1 University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada.|6 Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Australia.|7 University of Nottingham, UK.
authors.forename: Stephen C P
authors.initials: SCP
authors.lastname: Wong
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000374:Aggression / Q000523:psychology*; D002170:Canada; D057237:Criminals / Q000523:psychology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D000075665:Recidivism; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D012742:Sex Offenses / Q000523:psychology*; D014754:Violence / Q000523:psychology*
keywords: Aboriginal; VRS-SO; change; recidivism; risk; sexual offender