title: Antibody-Array-Based Proteomic Screening of Serum Markers in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Discovery Study.
abstract: A discovery study was carried out where serum samples from 22 systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients and matched healthy controls were hybridized to antibody-coated glass slide arrays that interrogated the level of 274 human proteins. On the basis of these screens, 48 proteins were selected for ELISA-based validation in an independent cohort of 28 SLE patients. Whereas AXL, ferritin, and sTNFRII were significantly elevated in patients with active lupus nephritis (LN) relative to SLE patients who were quiescent, other molecules such as OPN, sTNFRI, sTNFRII, IGFBP2, SIGLEC5, FAS, and MMP10 exhibited the capacity to distinguish SLE from healthy controls with ROC AUC exceeding 90%, all with p < 0.001 significance. These serum markers were next tested in a cohort of 45 LN patients, where serum was obtained at the time of renal biopsy. In these patients, sTNFRII exhibited the strongest correlation with eGFR (r = -0.50, p = 0.0014) and serum creatinine (r = 0.57, p = 0.0001), although AXL, FAS, and IGFBP2 also correlated with these clinical measures of renal function. When concurrent renal biopsies from these patients were examined, serum FAS, IGFBP2, and TNFRII showed significant positive correlations with renal pathology activity index, while sTNFRII displayed the highest correlation with concurrently scored renal pathology chronicity index (r = 0.57, p = 0.001). Finally, in a longitudinal cohort of seven SLE patients examined at ∼3 month intervals, AXL, ICAM-1, IGFBP2, SIGLEC5, sTNFRII, and VCAM-1 demonstrated the ability to track with concurrent disease flare, with significant subject to subject variation. In summary, serum proteins have the capacity to identify patients with active nephritis, flares, and renal pathology activity or chronicity changes, although larger longitudinal cohort studies are warranted.
authors.affiliation: Department Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston , Houston, Texas 77204, United States.
authors.forename: Tianfu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston , Houston, Texas 77204, United States.
authors.forename: Huihua
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology/Rheumatology, UT Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas , Dallas, Texas 75390, United States.
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology/Rheumatology, UT Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas , Dallas, Texas 75390, United States.
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Arriens
authors.affiliation: Division of Rheumatology, Emory University , Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States.
authors.forename: Chungwen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.affiliation: Center for Clinical Research and Evidence-Based Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston , Houston, Texas 77030, United States.
authors.forename: Weilu
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: Center for Clinical Research and Evidence-Based Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston , Houston, Texas 77030, United States.
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pedroza
authors.affiliation: Department Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston , Houston, Texas 77204, United States.
authors.forename: Shan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Division of Rheumatology, University of Rochester , Rochester, New York 14642, United States.
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Anolik
authors.affiliation: Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins University Medical School , Baltimore, Mississippi 21205, United States.
authors.forename: Michelle
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Petri
authors.affiliation: Division of Rheumatology, Emory University , Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States.
authors.forename: Ignacio
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Sanz
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology/Rheumatology, UT Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas , Dallas, Texas 75390, United States.
authors.forename: Ramesh
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Saxena
authors.affiliation: Department Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston , Houston, Texas 77204, United States.
authors.forename: Chandra
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mohan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000906:Antibodies / Q000378:metabolism; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D006801:Humans; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / Q000175:diagnosis*; D008181:Lupus Nephritis / Q000175:diagnosis*; D020543:Proteome / Q000032:analysis; D040901:Proteomics / Q000379:methods*; D047889:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type II / Q000032:analysis; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D019014:fas Receptor / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D000906:Antibodies; D015415:Biomarkers; D020543:Proteome; D047889:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type II; C415902:TNFRSF1B protein, human; D019014:fas Receptor
keywords: AXL; FAS; IGFBP2; TNFRII; biomarkers; nephritis; pathology