title: Screening and Characterization of Cold-Active β-Galactosidase Producing Psychrotrophic Enterobacter ludwigii from the Sediments of Arctic Fjord.
abstract: Low-temperature-tolerant microorganisms and their cold-active enzymes could be an innovative and invaluable tool in various industrial applications. In the present study, bacterial isolates from the sediment samples of Kongsfjord, Norwegian Arctic, were screened for β-galactosidase production. Among the isolates, KS25, KS85, KS60, and KS92 have shown good potential in β-galactosidase production at 20 °C. 16SrRNA gene sequence analysis revealed the relatedness of the isolates to Enterobacter ludwigii. The optimum growth temperature of the isolate was 25 °C. The isolate exhibited good growth and enzyme production at a temperature range of 15-35 °C, pH 5-10. The isolate preferred yeast extract and lactose for the maximum growth and enzyme production at conditions of pH 7.0, temperature of 25 °C, and agitation speed of 100 rpm. The growth and enzyme production was stimulated by Mn2+and Mg2+and strongly inhibited by Zn2+, Ni2+, and Cu+. β-Galactosidases with high specific activity at low temperatures are very beneficial in food industry to compensate the nutritional problem associated with lactose intolerance. The isolate exhibited a remarkable capability to utilize clarified whey, an industrial pollutant, for good biomass and enzyme yield and hence could be well employed in whey bioremediation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Marine Biology, Microbiology and Biochemistry, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Lakeside Campus, Cochin, 682016, Kerala, India. aneesasiraj2005@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Aneesa P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Alikkunju
authors.affiliation: Department of Marine Biology, Microbiology and Biochemistry, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Lakeside Campus, Cochin, 682016, Kerala, India.
authors.forename: Neethu
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sainjan
authors.affiliation: Department of Marine Biology, Microbiology and Biochemistry, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Lakeside Campus, Cochin, 682016, Kerala, India.
authors.forename: Reshma
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Silvester
authors.affiliation: Department of Marine Biology, Microbiology and Biochemistry, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Lakeside Campus, Cochin, 682016, Kerala, India.
authors.forename: Ajith
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Joseph
authors.affiliation: Department of Aquaculture and Fishery Microbiology, MES Ponnani College, Ponnani, 679586, Kerala, India.
authors.forename: Mujeeb
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rahiman
authors.affiliation: Department of Marine Biology, Microbiology and Biochemistry, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Lakeside Campus, Cochin, 682016, Kerala, India.
authors.forename: Ally C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Antony
authors.affiliation: Department of Marine Biology, Microbiology and Biochemistry, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Lakeside Campus, Cochin, 682016, Kerala, India.
authors.forename: Radhakrishnan C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Kumaran
authors.affiliation: Department of Marine Biology, Microbiology and Biochemistry, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Lakeside Campus, Cochin, 682016, Kerala, India.
authors.forename: Mohamed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hatha
mesh_terms: D001110:Arctic Regions; D002244:Carbon / Q000494:pharmacology; D003080:Cold Temperature; D004754:Enterobacter / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development / Q000648:ultrastructure; D063366:Estuaries; D019015:Geologic Sediments / Q000382:microbiology*; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007477:Ions; D008670:Metals / Q000494:pharmacology; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000494:pharmacology; D010802:Phylogeny; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics; D013696:Temperature; D001616:beta-Galactosidase / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D007477:Ions; D008670:Metals; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; D002244:Carbon; D001616:beta-Galactosidase; D009584:Nitrogen
keywords: Bioremediation; Cold-active β-galactosidase; Enterobacter sp.; Lactose intolerance; Psychrotrophs; Whey