title: Absence of the cbb3 Terminal Oxidase Reveals an Active Oxygen-Dependent Cyclase Involved in Bacteriochlorophyll Biosynthesis in Rhodobacter sphaeroides.
abstract: The characteristic green color associated with chlorophyll pigments results from the formation of an isocyclic fifth ring on the tetrapyrrole macrocycle during the biosynthesis of these important molecules. This reaction is catalyzed by two unrelated cyclase enzymes employing different chemistries. Oxygenic phototrophs such as plants and cyanobacteria utilize an oxygen-dependent enzyme, the major component of which is a diiron protein named AcsF, while BchE, an oxygen-sensitive [4Fe-4S] cluster protein, dominates in phototrophs inhabiting anoxic environments, such as the purple phototrophic bacterium Rhodobacter sphaeroides We identify a potential acsF in this organism and assay for activity of the encoded protein in a strain lacking bchE under various aeration regimes. Initially, cells lacking bchE did not demonstrate AcsF activity under any condition tested. However, on removal of a gene encoding a subunit of the cbb3-type respiratory terminal oxidase, cells cultured under regimes ranging from oxic to micro-oxic exhibited cyclase activity, confirming the activity of the oxygen-dependent enzyme in this model organism. Potential reasons for the utilization of an oxygen-dependent enzyme in anoxygenic phototrophs are discussed.
  
  
  
  The formation of the E ring of bacteriochlorophyll pigments is the least well characterized step in their biosynthesis, remaining enigmatic for over 60 years. Two unrelated enzymes catalyze this cyclization step; O2-dependent and O2-independent forms dominate in oxygenic and anoxygenic phototrophs, respectively. We uncover the activity of an O2-dependent enzyme in the anoxygenic purple phototrophic bacterium Rhodobacter sphaeroides, initially by inactivation of the high-affinity terminal respiratory oxidase, cytochrome cbb3 We propose that the O2-dependent form allows for the biosynthesis of a low level of bacteriochlorophyll under oxic conditions, so that a rapid initiation of photosynthetic processes is possible for this bacterium upon a reduction of oxygen tension.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Guangyu E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom. email: dpc5323@psu.edu.
authors.forename: Daniel P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Canniffe
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Elizabeth C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: C Neil
authors.initials: CN
authors.lastname: Hunter
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D001429:Bacteriochlorophylls / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000737:chemistry; D003576:Electron Transport Complex IV / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D017353:Gene Deletion; D015964:Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial / Q000502:physiology*; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic / Q000502:physiology*; D015394:Molecular Structure; D009154:Mutation; D012242:Rhodobacter sphaeroides / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D001429:Bacteriochlorophylls; C414443:cbb3 oxidase; D003576:Electron Transport Complex IV