title: Hypoglossal nerve palsy: 245 cases.
abstract: Apart from a case series of 100 subjects in 1996 and several small cohorts, there have been no large retrospective series of cranial nerve XII (CN XII) palsy.
  
  
  
  From 1984 to 2014, 245 cases of CN XII palsy were identified via retrospective chart review using historical and exam findings that confirmed the diagnosis. In addition to clinical characteristics, univariate and multivariate models were investigated to predict neoplastic CN XII palsy.
  
  
  
  Major etiologic categories included: postoperative (29.3%), idiopathic (15.1%), primary neoplastic (14.2%), metastatic malignancy (13.0%), inflammatory (7.3%), radiation (6.1%), and traumatic (4.1%). A multivariate model revealed male gender and a personal history of cancer as predictive of neoplastic CN XII palsy.
  
  
  
  The most frequent etiologies and disease categories of CN XII palsy were identified, and male gender and personal history of cancer were found to be predictive of a neoplastic cause of CN XII palsy. Muscle Nerve 54: 1050-1054, 2016.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, The Ohio State University, 395 West 12th Avenue, 7th Floor, Columbus, Ohio, 43210, USA.
authors.forename: Amro M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Stino
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, EMG Laboratory, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA.
authors.forename: Benn E
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, EMG Laboratory, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA.
authors.forename: Mohamed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Temkit
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, EMG Laboratory, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA.
authors.forename: Srivan Nagi
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Reddy
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D020437:Hypoglossal Nerve Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000150:complications; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000503:physiopathology
keywords: cranial nerve palsy; dysarthria; dysphagia; hypoglossal palsy; malignancy; multivariate model; risk factors