title: Chitosan oligosaccharide induces resistance to Tobacco mosaic virus in Arabidopsis via the salicylic acid-mediated signalling pathway.
abstract: Chitosan is one of the most abundant carbohydrate biopolymers in the world, and chitosan oligosaccharide (COS), which is prepared from chitosan, is a plant immunity regulator. The present study aimed to validate the effect of COS on inducing resistance to tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) in Arabidopsis and to investigate the potential defence-related signalling pathways involved. Optimal conditions for the induction of TMV resistance in Arabidopsis were COS pretreatment at 50 mg/L for 1 day prior to inoculation with TMV. Multilevel indices, including phenotype data, and TMV coat protein expression, revealed that COS induced TMV resistance in wild-type and jasmonic acid pathway- deficient (jar1) Arabidopsis plants, but not in salicylic acid pathway deficient (NahG) Arabidopsis plants. Quantitative-PCR and analysis of phytohormone levels confirmed that COS pretreatment enhanced the expression of the defence-related gene PR1, which is a marker of salicylic acid signalling pathway, and increased the amount of salicylic acid in WT and jar1, but not in NahG plants. Taken together, these results confirm that COS induces TMV resistance in Arabidopsis via activation of the salicylic acid signalling pathway.
authors.affiliation: Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrates, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China.|University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
authors.forename: Xiaochen
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Jia
authors.affiliation: Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrates, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China.|College of Life Science, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116023, China.
authors.forename: Qingshan
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Meng
authors.affiliation: Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrates, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China.|College of Food Science and Engineering, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China.
authors.forename: Haihong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zeng
authors.affiliation: Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrates, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China.
authors.forename: Wenxia
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrates, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China.
authors.forename: Heng
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yin
mesh_terms: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000378:metabolism*; D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology*; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics; D048271:Chitosan / Q000378:metabolism*; D060467:Disease Resistance / Q000187:drug effects*; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D009844:Oligosaccharides / Q000378:metabolism; D010937:Plant Growth Regulators / Q000032:analysis; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D020156:Salicylic Acid / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D014027:Tobacco Mosaic Virus / Q000254:growth & development / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; D009844:Oligosaccharides; D010937:Plant Growth Regulators; C077262:PR-1 protein, Arabidopsis; D048271:Chitosan; D020156:Salicylic Acid