title: Implication of Renal Aquaporin-3 in Fructose-Induced Metabolic Syndrome and Melatonin Protection.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) can be induced by ingestion of large amounts of fructose as a consequence of oxidative stress and dyslipidemia.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We investigated the possible protective effects of melatonin administration on MetS induced in fructose-fed rats with special focus on the role of renal aquaporin-3 (AQP-3).
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty rats were randomly divided into three groups; control, fructose, and fructose plus melatonin. MetS was induced by fructose rich diet and melatonin was injected at a dose of 5 mg/kg dissolved in 1% ethanol in normal saline. After the end of the 6-week experimental period, body weight and fat accretion were assessed. Invasive blood pressure and vascular reactivity were evaluated. Serum lipid profile, glucose, insulin levels, insulin resistance, malondialdehyde (MDA) and uric acid were measured, also underwent renal AQP-3 immunohistochemistry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fructose consumption significantly increased fat accretion, systolic blood pressure, serum lipids, insulin levels and insulin resistance, confirming successful establishment of the MetS model. Also serum MDA, uric acid and renal AQP-3 expression increased compared to the control group. Melatonin supplementation significantly decreased the previously measured parameters compared to fructose group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Increased AQP-3 expression may be implicated in fructose induced MetS. Melatonin protective effect against metabolic consensus and vascular affection may be linked to its antioxidant and lipid lowering effect with reduced renal AQP-3 expression.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Menoufia University , Egypt .
authors.forename: Suzy Fayez
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Ewida
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Menoufia University , Egypt .
authors.forename: Dalia Rifaat
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Al-Sharaky
keywords: Aquaglyceroporin-3; Fructose; Insulin resistance; Vascular reactivity