title: Comparison of Phytochemicals and Antioxidant Capacity in Three Bean Varieties Grown in Central Malawi.
abstract: The aims of the current work were: (1) to study the influence of variety and geographical production area on the total phenolic content, total anthocyanin content, total flavonoid content, total carotenoid content and antioxidant activity in bean varieties (Dimeta, Napirira and Nanyati) from different growing areas in central Malawi, and (2) to evaluate the possibility of establishing a classification based on the geographical areas of the growing regions. A total of 47 bean samples were collected from Makowe, Mphathi, Chuma-Chitsala and Khulungira Zone. These four locations were segregated based on altitude, latitude and longitude. Principal component and hierarchical cluster analysis were used to distinguish and classify among these samples. Significant differences (P < 0.05) in total phenolic content (2.92-4.97 mg/g), total anthocyanin content (14.52-152.31 μg/g), total flavonoid content (2.01-6.38 mg/g) and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (16.75-24.51 μmol/g) were found among the different sampled villages, showing a significant effect of the producing region on these parameters. The beans in Makowe had lower polyphenols than in other locations. Results of principal component analysis indicate that phytochemicals and antioxidant capacity could serve as parameters to establish a bean classification according to the geographical area of production.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.|College of Light Industry Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
authors.forename: Gong-Jian
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
authors.forename: Victoria U
authors.initials: VU
authors.lastname: Ndolo
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Malawi, Chancellor College, Zomba, Malawi.
authors.forename: Mangani
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Katundu
authors.affiliation: Department of Development Sociology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.|Department of Geography, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: Rachel Bezner
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Kerr
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Arntfield
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada. Trust.Beta@umanitoba.ca.|Richardson Centre for Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada R3T 2N2. Trust.Beta@umanitoba.ca.
authors.forename: Trust
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Beta
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000032:analysis* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D002338:Carotenoids / Q000032:analysis; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000032:analysis; D008295:Malawi; D027805:Phaseolus / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000145:classification; D010636:Phenols / Q000032:analysis; D064209:Phytochemicals / Q000032:analysis* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000032:analysis* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D059808:Polyphenols / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D005419:Flavonoids; D010636:Phenols; D064209:Phytochemicals; D010936:Plant Extracts; D059808:Polyphenols; D002338:Carotenoids
keywords: Antioxidant capacity; Bean varieties; Hierarchical cluster analysis; Phytochemicals; Principal component analysis