title: Apigenin inhibits NF-κB and snail signaling, EMT and metastasis in human hepatocellular carcinoma.
abstract: Apigenin is a naturally occurring compound with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticancer properties. In this study, we investigated the effects of apigenin on migration and metastasis in experimental human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell lines in vitro and in vivo. Apigenin dose-dependently inhibited proliferation, migration, and invasion by PLC and Bel-7402 human HCC cells. It also suppressed tumor growth in PLC cell xenografts without altering body weight, thereby prolonging survival. Apigenin reduced Snai1 and NF-κB expression, reversed increases in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) marker levels, increased cellular adhesion, regulated actin polymerization and cell migration, and inhibited invasion and migration by HCC cells. Apigenin may therefore inhibit EMT by inhibiting the NF-κB/Snail pathway in human HCC.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.|Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University and Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin, China.
authors.forename: Yuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Qin
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.|Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University and Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin, China.
authors.forename: Dong
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.|Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University and Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin, China.
authors.forename: Hong-Gang
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, The People's Hospital of Shouguang City, Shouguang, Shandong Province, China.
authors.forename: Xing-Hui
authors.initials: XH
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.|Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University and Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin, China.
authors.forename: Wei-Long
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Zhong
authors.affiliation: Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University and Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin, China.
authors.forename: Shuang
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.|Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University and Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin, China.
authors.forename: Wen-Guang
authors.initials: WG
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.|Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University and Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin, China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.|Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University and Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin, China.
authors.forename: Chun-Hong
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University and Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin, China.
authors.forename: Yan-Rong
authors.initials: YR
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University and Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin, China.
authors.forename: Hui-Juan
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.|Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University and Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin, China.
authors.forename: Qiang
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.|Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University and Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin, China.
authors.forename: Yuan-Qiang
authors.initials: YQ
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.|Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University and Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin, China.
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.|Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University and Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin, China.
authors.forename: Cheng
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D047310:Apigenin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects; D058750:Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition / Q000187:drug effects*; D005260:Female; D056945:Hep G2 Cells; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008819:Mice, Nude; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism*; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D000071250:Snail Family Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D016328:NF-kappa B; D000071250:Snail Family Transcription Factors; D047310:Apigenin
keywords: EMT; HCC; antitumor; apigenin; metastasis