title: From the Cover: Comparative Numerical Modeling of Inhaled Nanoparticle Deposition in Human and Rat Nasal Cavities.
abstract: To gain a better understanding of nanoparticle exposure in human nasal cavities, laboratory animals (e.g. rat) are used for in vivo studies. However, due to anatomical differences between human and rodent nasal cavities, direct particle deposition comparisons between species are difficult. This paper presents a comparative nanoparticle (1 nm, 10 nm, and 100 nm) deposition study using anatomically realistic models of a human and rat nasal cavity. The particle deposition fraction was highest consistently in the main nasal passage, for all nanoparticles tested, in the human model; whereas this was only the case for 10 nm, and 100 nm particles for the rodent model, where greater deposition was found in the anterior nose for 1 nm particles. A deposition intensity (DI) term was introduced to represent the accumulated deposition fraction on cross-sectional slices. A common and preferential deposition site in the human model was found for all nanoparticles occurring at a distance of 3.5 cm inside the nasal passage. For the rodent model maximum DI occurred in the vestibule region at a distance of 0.3 cm, indicating that the rodent vestibule produces exceptionally high particle filtration capability. We also introduced a deposition flux which was a ratio of the regional deposition fraction relative to the region's surface area fraction. This value allowed direct comparison of deposition flux between species, and a regional extrapolation scaling factor was found (e.g. 1/10 scale for vestibule region for rat to human comparison). This study bridges the in vitro exposure experiments and in vivo nanomaterials toxicity studies, and can contribute towards improving inter-species exposure extrapolation studies in the future.
authors.affiliation: *School of Engineering, RMIT University, PO Box 71, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia and.
authors.forename: Jingliang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.affiliation: *School of Engineering, RMIT University, PO Box 71, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia and.
authors.forename: Yidan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shang
authors.affiliation: *School of Engineering, RMIT University, PO Box 71, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia and.
authors.forename: Kiao
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Inthavong
authors.affiliation: *School of Engineering, RMIT University, PO Box 71, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia and jiyuan.tu@rmit.edu.au.
authors.forename: Jiyuan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tu
authors.affiliation: CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ambient Particles Health Effects and Prevention Techniques, National Center for Nanoscience & Technology of China, Beijing 100090, China.
authors.forename: Rui
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ambient Particles Health Effects and Prevention Techniques, National Center for Nanoscience & Technology of China, Beijing 100090, China.
authors.forename: Ru
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bai
authors.affiliation: CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ambient Particles Health Effects and Prevention Techniques, National Center for Nanoscience & Technology of China, Beijing 100090, China.
authors.forename: Dongliang
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ambient Particles Health Effects and Prevention Techniques, National Center for Nanoscience & Technology of China, Beijing 100090, China.
authors.forename: Chunying
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D006801:Humans; D019570:Inhalation Exposure; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000378:metabolism; D009296:Nasal Cavity / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed
keywords: CFD; deposition intensity; nanoparticle deposition; nasal cavity; rat–human extrapolation