title: Comparison of the Temperament and Character of Patients Referred to Cosmetic Nasal Surgeon in Shiraz Hospitals, 2015.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Rhinoplasty is the most common cosmetic surgery which has been dramatically increasing in Iran. Currently, Iran is ranked the first in the world in rhinoplasty. In the present study, we aimed to assess the character and temperament traits of the applicants referred to rhinoplasty surgeons in Shiraz, southwest Iran in 2015.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this cross-sectional study, we recruited 500 participants among rhinoplasty applicants for case and among students and clerks residing in Shiraz by convenience sampling method in 2015. The two groups were matched regarding the gender, age and educational level. Data were collected using a demographic questionnaire and temperament and character inventory to assess the four dimensions of temperament (including novelty seeking; harm avoidance; reward dependence; persistence) and the three dimensions of character (including self-directedness; cooperativeness; self-transcendence). Data were analyzed using SPSS software, version 20. Chi- square and t-test were used as appropriated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean±SD age of the participants was 27.43±6.6. The results showed a significant difference between the case and control groups with respect to the temperaments of novelty (9.47±2.80), harm avoidance (9.12±3.3), persistence (2.69±1.04), the characters of cooperativeness (15.38±4.02), and self-transcendence (9.48±3.41).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Evaluating character and temperament traits in rhinoplasty applicants will be so helpful in identifying and predicting good candidates for such cosmetic surgery. Selecting the ideal patients can not only reduce the costs resulting from rhinoplasty imposed on families and society but also enhance the satisfaction of the patients and the surgeons.
authors.affiliation: Community Based Psychiatric Care Research Center, Department of Mental Health and Psychiatric Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
authors.forename: Farkhondeh
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sharif
authors.affiliation: Quality Improvement in Clinical Education Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
authors.forename: Behnaz
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Anooshehpoor
authors.affiliation: Research Center for Psychiatry and Behavior Science, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
authors.forename: Arash
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mani
authors.affiliation: Community Based Psychiatric Care Research Center, Department of Mental Health and Psychiatric Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Quality Improvement in Clinical Education Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
authors.forename: Ladan
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zarshenas
authors.affiliation: Infertility Research Center, Department of Biostatistics, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
authors.forename: Najaf
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Zare
authors.affiliation: Otolaryngology Ward, Shahriar Hospital, Shiraz, Iran.
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Haghighatian
keywords: Aesthetic surgery; Character; Personality; Rhinoplasty; Temperament