title: Genomic analysis and D-xylose fermentation of three novel Spathaspora species: Spathaspora girioi sp. nov., Spathaspora hagerdaliae f. a., sp. nov. and Spathaspora gorwiae f. a., sp. nov.
abstract: Three novel D-xylose-fermenting yeast species of Spathaspora clade were recovered from rotting wood in regions of the Atlantic Rainforest ecosystem in Brazil. Differentiation of new species was based on analyses of the gene encoding the D1/D2 sequences of large subunit of rRNA and on 642 conserved, single-copy, orthologous genes from genome sequence assemblies from the newly described species and 15 closely-related Debaryomycetaceae/Metschnikowiaceae species. Spathaspora girioi sp. nov. produced unconjugated asci with a single elongated ascospore with curved ends; ascospore formation was not observed for the other two species. The three novel species ferment D-xylose with different efficiencies. Spathaspora hagerdaliae sp. nov. and Sp. girioi sp. nov. showed xylose reductase (XR) activity strictly dependent on NADPH, whereas Sp. gorwiae sp. nov. had XR activity that used both NADH and NADPH as co-factors. The genes that encode enzymes involved in D-xylose metabolism (XR, xylitol dehydrogenase and xylulokinase) were also identified for these novel species. The type strains are Sp. girioi sp. nov. UFMG-CM-Y302(T) (=CBS 13476), Sp. hagerdaliae f.a., sp. nov. UFMG-CM-Y303(T) (=CBS 13475) and Sp. gorwiae f.a., sp. nov. UFMG-CM-Y312(T) (=CBS 13472).
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Microbiologia, ICB, C.P. 486, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil Laboratory of Genetics, Genome Center of Wisconsin, Wisconsin Energy Institute, J. F. Crow Institute for the Study of Evolution, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
authors.forename: Mariana R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Lopes
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Microbiologia, ICB, C.P. 486, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil Laboratório Nacional de Energia e Geologia, I.P., Unidade de Bioenergia, Estrada do Paço do Lumiar 22, 1649-038 Lisboa, Portugal.
authors.forename: Camila G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Morais
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Genetics, Genome Center of Wisconsin, Wisconsin Energy Institute, J. F. Crow Institute for the Study of Evolution, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
authors.forename: Jacek
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kominek
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Microbiologia, ICB, C.P. 486, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil.
authors.forename: Raquel M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Cadete
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Microbiologia, ICB, C.P. 486, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marco A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Soares
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Ciências Biológicas e Agroindústria, Universidade Estadual Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, BA 45662-900, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ana Paula T
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Uetanabaro
authors.affiliation: Laboratório Nacional de Energia e Geologia, I.P., Unidade de Bioenergia, Estrada do Paço do Lumiar 22, 1649-038 Lisboa, Portugal Section for Sustainable Biotechnology, Aalborg University Copenhagen, A. C. Meyers Vænge 15, 2450 Copenhagen SV, Denmark.
authors.forename: César
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fonseca
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St. N., N6A 5B7, London, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Marc-André
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Lachance
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Genetics, Genome Center of Wisconsin, Wisconsin Energy Institute, J. F. Crow Institute for the Study of Evolution, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
authors.forename: Chris Todd
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Hittinger
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Microbiologia, ICB, C.P. 486, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil carlrosa@icb.ufmg.br.
authors.forename: Carlos A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Rosa
mesh_terms: D001938:Brazil; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D003067:Coenzymes / Q000378:metabolism; D004271:DNA, Fungal / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D005285:Fermentation; D016681:Genome, Fungal; D023281:Genomics; D009243:NAD / Q000378:metabolism; D009249:NADP / Q000378:metabolism; D010802:Phylogeny; D012335:RNA, Ribosomal / Q000235:genetics; D004718:Saccharomycetales / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D013172:Spores, Fungal / Q000166:cytology; D014934:Wood / Q000382:microbiology; D014994:Xylose / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D003067:Coenzymes; D004271:DNA, Fungal; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal; D012335:RNA, Ribosomal; C065096:RNA, ribosomal, 26S; D009243:NAD; D009249:NADP; D014994:Xylose
keywords: D-xylose fermentation; Spathaspora; enzymes; genome sequencing; novel yeast species