title: Disinfectant susceptibility of different Salmonella serotypes isolated from chicken and egg production chains.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The study aimed to serotype the Salmonella isolates recovered from chicken and egg production chains, and to investigate the disinfectant resistance phenotypes and genotypes of these isolates.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The Salmonella isolates were serotyped, and the minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of disinfectants were determined. Results showed that the Salmonella isolates recovered from both chains were diverse, and the serotypes in each part of the production chain and between the two production chains were significantly different. In the chicken production chain, 19 different serotypes were recovered, while only five serotypes were found in the egg production chain. The isolates showed a high susceptibility to didecyldimethylammonium bromide (DDAB) but a low susceptibility to benzalkonium chloride (BC), benzalkonium bromide (BAB) and chlorhexidine (CHX). Salmonella Enteritidis and Salmonella Typhimurium were more resistant to BC and BAB. The qacEΔ1 and qacF resistance genes were detected in 26·7 and 7·7% of the isolates respectively. The qacEΔ1 gene was frequently found in Salmonella Derby and Salm. Enteritidis (P < 0·05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings indicated that Salmonella was commonly present in both chains, and could serve as a critical vector in spreading disinfectant resistance associated with different serotypes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study first demonstrated disinfectant resistance phenotypes and genotypes of serotyped Salmonella. The study highlights the need for monitoring the disinfectant resistance varied in different Salmonella serotypes.
authors.affiliation: College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.|The Laboratory of Microbiology, Dujiangyan Campus of Sichuan Agricultural University, Dujiangyan, Sichuan, China.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Long
authors.affiliation: College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lai
authors.affiliation: The Laboratory of Microbiology, Dujiangyan Campus of Sichuan Agricultural University, Dujiangyan, Sichuan, China.
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Deng
authors.affiliation: College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: The Laboratory of Microbiology, Dujiangyan Campus of Sichuan Agricultural University, Dujiangyan, Sichuan, China.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: The Laboratory of Microbiology, Dujiangyan Campus of Sichuan Agricultural University, Dujiangyan, Sichuan, China.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.affiliation: Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.|The Laboratory of Microbiology, Dujiangyan Campus of Sichuan Agricultural University, Dujiangyan, Sichuan, China.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zou
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002645:Chickens; D004202:Disinfectants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial / Q000187:drug effects; D004531:Eggs / Q000382:microbiology*; D008460:Meat / Q000382:microbiology*; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D012475:Salmonella / Q000145:classification* / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D012477:Salmonella enteritidis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000302:isolation & purification; D065288:Serogroup
chemical_list: D004202:Disinfectants
keywords: Salmonella; chicken; disinfectant; egg; production chain; serotypes; susceptibility