title: Microbial translocation and skeletal muscle in young and old vervet monkeys.
abstract: Intestinal barrier dysfunction leads to microbial translocation (MT) and inflammation in vertebrate and invertebrate animal models. Age is recently recognized as a factor leading to MT, and in some human and animal model studies, MT was associated with physical function. We evaluated sarcopenia, inflammation, MT biomarkers, and muscle insulin sensitivity in healthy female vervet monkeys (6-27 years old). Monkeys were fed consistent diets and had large and varied environments to facilitate physical activity, and stable social conditions. Aging led to sarcopenia as indicated by reduced walking speeds and muscle mass, but general metabolic health was similar in older monkeys (n = 25) as compared to younger ones (n = 26). When older monkeys were physically active, their MT burden approximated that in young monkeys; however, when older monkeys were sedentary, MT burden was dramatically increased. MT levels were positively associated with inflammatory burden and negatively associated with skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity. Time spent being active was positively associated with insulin sensitivity as expected, but this relationship was specifically modified by the individual monkey's MT, not inflammatory burden. Our data supports clinical observations that MT interacts with physical function as a factor in healthy aging.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Section on Comparative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA. kkavanag@wakehealth.edu.
authors.forename: Kylie
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kavanagh
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Section on Comparative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA.
authors.forename: Richelle N
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Section on Comparative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA.
authors.forename: Ashley T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Davis
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Section on Comparative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA.
authors.forename: Beth
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Uberseder
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Section on Comparative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA.
authors.forename: Edison
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Floyd
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Section on Comparative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA.
authors.forename: Bianca
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Pfisterer
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Section on Comparative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA.
authors.forename: Carol A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Shively
mesh_terms: D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D018988:Bacterial Translocation; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D002522:Chlorocebus aethiops; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D019446:Endotoxemia / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology*; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D005260:Female; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000502:physiology; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism*; D007422:Intestines / Q000382:microbiology; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000502:physiology*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D055948:Sarcopenia / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers
keywords: Endotoxemia; Insulin sensitivity; Intestinal barrier function; Non-human primate; Sarcopenia