title: Ovarian Cancer: The Fallopian Tube as the Site of Origin and Opportunities for Prevention.
abstract: High-grade serous carcinoma (HGSC) is the most common and aggressive histotype of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC), and it is the predominant histotype associated with hereditary breast and ovarian cancer syndrome (HBOC). Mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 are responsible for most of the known causes of HBOC, while mutations in mismatch repair genes and several genes of moderate penetrance are responsible for the remaining known hereditary risk. Women with a history of familial ovarian cancer or with known germline mutations in highly penetrant genes are offered the option of risk-reducing surgery that involves the removal of the ovaries and fallopian tubes (salpingo-oophorectomy). Growing evidence now supports the fallopian tube epithelia as an etiological site for the development of HGSC and consequently, salpingectomy alone is emerging as a prophylactic option. This review discusses the site of origin of EOC, the rationale for risk-reducing salpingectomy in the high-risk population, and opportunities for salpingectomy in the low-risk population.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecology Oncology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA; Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA.
authors.forename: Sophia H L
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: George
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecology Oncology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami , Miami, FL , USA.
authors.forename: Ruslan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Garcia
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecology Oncology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA; Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA.
authors.forename: Brian M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Slomovitz
keywords: BRCA1; BRCA2; fallopian tubes; ovarian cancers; salpingectomy