title: Increased expression of brother of the regulator of imprinted sites in peripheral blood neutrophils is associated with both benign and malignant breast lesions.
abstract: BORIS, a paralog of the multifunctional CCCTC-binding factor (CTCF) gene is restricted to testis and normally not present in females. It is aberrantly activated in various human cancers including cancer breast. Using immunohistochemistry, western blot and/or RT-PCR, significantly higher levels of BORIS expression were reported in the neutrophils of cancer breast patients. We hypothesized that Flow Cytometry might be a better technique for objective quantitative evaluation of BORIS in neutrophils and we wanted to investigate if BORIS would discriminate between benign and malignant breast lesions.
  
  
  
  The study included 85 females; 52 breast cancer, 13 benign breast lesions and 20 age-matched healthy controls. BORIS expression in the neutrophils was detected by Flow Cytometry.
  
  
  
  High level of BORIS was detected in all malignant (64.4 ± 16.6%) and benign cases (67 ± 12.3), mean florescent intensity ratio (MFIR) of 7.2 ± 4.1 and 7 ± 3.5, median 5.8 and 6.6%; and staining index (SI) 8.3 ± 3.9 and 8.2 ± 3.4, median 7.6 and 7.9 respectively vs.13.4 ± 11.5% MFI 1.8 ± 0.7, median1.6 and SI 2.6 ± 0.69, median 2.5 for the control. BORIS level was comparable in the malignant and benign group (P = 0.934) and significantly higher than control (P = 0.0001). There was no correlation between neutrophil BORIS expression and ER/PR status, HER-2/neu expression or tumor stage or size.
  
  
  
  Increased BORIS expression in peripheral blood neutrophils is associated with both benign and malignant breast lesions; apparently, increased proliferation of breast tissue is the determining factor. This excludes BORIS as a tumor marker but it does not jeopardize its value as a potential therapeutic target. © 2016 International Clinical Cytometry Society.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Pathology Department, NCI, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
authors.forename: Nahla M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: El-Sharkawy
authors.affiliation: Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebein ElKom, Menoufia, Egypt.
authors.forename: Wafaa M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Radwan
authors.affiliation: Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebein ElKom, Menoufia, Egypt.
authors.forename: Enas S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Essa
authors.affiliation: Clinical Pathology Department, NCI, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
authors.forename: Eman Z
authors.initials: EZ
authors.lastname: Kandeel
authors.affiliation: Clinical Pathology Department, NCI, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
authors.forename: Eman K
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Abd El-Fattah
authors.affiliation: Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebein ElKom, Menoufia, Egypt.
authors.forename: Samia H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Kandil
authors.affiliation: Clinical Pathology Department, NCI, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
authors.forename: Azza M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Kamel
mesh_terms: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D005434:Flow Cytometry / Q000379:methods; D051157:Frizzled Receptors / Q000276:immunology; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000166:cytology*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; C549560:FZD9 protein, human; D051157:Frizzled Receptors; D012333:RNA, Messenger
keywords: BORIS; breast cancer; flow cytometry; indirect cytoplasmic staining; neutrophils