title: Effects of heavy metals and chelants on phytoremediation capacity and on rhizobacterial communities of maize.
abstract: Heavy metals (HMs) are one of the major ecological problem related to human activities. Phytoremediation is a promising "green technology" for soil and water reclamation, and it can be improved by means of the use of chelants. In the past particular attention was paid on the effects of HMs and/or chelants on plant health, but much less on their effects on rhizosphere communities. To shed light on the interaction among plant-HM-chelant-rhizobacterial community a pot experiment was set up. Maize plants were grown on uncontaminated, multi-metal (copper and zinc) contaminated and chelants artificially amended soils. A high concentration of HMs was detected in the different maize organs; chelants improved the accumulation capacity of the maize plants. The rhizosphere bacterial community isolated from control plants showed the largest biodiversity in terms of bacterial genera. However, the addition of HMs reduced the number of taxa to three: Bacillus, Lysinibacillus and Pseudomonas. The effects of HM treatment were counteracted by the addition of chelants in terms of the genetic biodiversity. Furthermore, several bacterial strains particularly resistant to HMs and chelants were isolated and selected. Our study suggests that the combined use of resistant bacteria and chelants could improve the phytoremediation capacity of maize.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia "A. Zambelli", Università degli Studi di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy.
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Vigliotta
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia "A. Zambelli", Università degli Studi di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy.
authors.forename: Simona
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Matrella
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia "A. Zambelli", Università degli Studi di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy.
authors.forename: Angela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cicatelli
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia "A. Zambelli", Università degli Studi di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy.
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Guarino
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia "A. Zambelli", Università degli Studi di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy. Electronic address: scastiglione@unisa.it.
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Castiglione
mesh_terms: D001407:Bacillus / Q000187:drug effects; D001419:Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D002614:Chelating Agents; D003300:Copper / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000633:toxicity; D004492:Edetic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D005029:Ethylenediamines / Q000494:pharmacology; D019216:Metals, Heavy / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000633:toxicity*; D059013:Microbial Consortia / Q000187:drug effects; D058441:Rhizosphere; D012988:Soil Microbiology; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000633:toxicity*; D013386:Succinates / Q000494:pharmacology; D014018:Tissue Distribution; D003313:Zea mays / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology*; D015032:Zinc / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D002614:Chelating Agents; D005029:Ethylenediamines; D019216:Metals, Heavy; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D013386:Succinates; C041447:N,N'-ethylenediamine disuccinic acid; D003300:Copper; D004492:Edetic Acid; D015032:Zinc
keywords: Chelants; Heavy metals; Phytoremediation; Rhizosphere bacterial community; Zea mays L.