title: Predictive Motor Timing and the Cerebellar Vermis in Schizophrenia: An fMRI Study.
abstract: Abnormalities in both time processing and dopamine (DA) neurotransmission have been observed in schizophrenia. Time processing seems to be linked to DA neurotransmission. The cognitive dysmetria hypothesis postulates that psychosis might be a manifestation of the loss of coordination of mental processes due to impaired timing. The objective of the present study was to analyze timing abilities and their corresponding functional neuroanatomy in schizophrenia. We performed a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study using a predictive motor timing paradigm in 28 schizophrenia patients and 27 matched healthy controls (HC). The schizophrenia patients showed accelerated time processing compared to HC; the amount of the acceleration positively correlated with the degree of positive psychotic symptoms and negatively correlated with antipsychotic dose. This dysfunctional predictive timing was associated with BOLD signal activity alterations in several brain networks, especially those previously described as timing networks (basal ganglia, cerebellum, SMA, and insula) and reward networks (hippocampus, amygdala, and NAcc). BOLD signal activity in the cerebellar vermis was negatively associated with accelerated time processing. Several lines of evidence suggest a direct link between DA transmission and the cerebellar vermis that could explain their relevance for the neurobiology of schizophrenia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital and Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lošák
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital and Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Jitka
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hüttlová
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital and Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Petra
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lipová
authors.affiliation: MAFIL Group, CEITEC-MU, Brno, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Radek
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Marecek
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bareš
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, St Anne's Hospital and Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.|Behavioral and Social Neuroscience Group, CEITEC-MU, Brno, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Pavel
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Filip
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital and Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Jozef
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Žubor
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital and Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Libor
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ustohal
authors.affiliation: Department of Imaging Methods, St Anne's Hospital and Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Jirí
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vanícek
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital and Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.|Behavioral and Social Neuroscience Group, CEITEC-MU, Brno, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Tomáš
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kašpárek
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001921:Brain / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001931:Brain Mapping; D065814:Cerebellar Vermis / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000502:physiology*; D009415:Nerve Net / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013998:Time Perception / Q000502:physiology*
keywords: cerebellum; cognitive dysmetria; dopamine; fMRI; predictive timing; schizophrenia