title: The outcome of antenatal ultrasound diagnosed anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract in a large Danish birth cohort.
abstract: Antenatal ultrasound diagnosed anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (AUDAKUT) are reported in 0.3%-5% on prenatal ultrasound (US) and 0.3%-4.5% on postnatal US. The anterior-posterior diameter of the renal pelvis (APD) is an essential measurement. Series with low threshold values of APD prenatally and postnatally will include healthy infants. It is important to avoid follow-up of such infants.
  
  
  
  In 2006, new Danish guidelines for AUDAKUT were introduced.
  
  
  
  Investigations of incidences and type of AUDAKUT based on Danish guidelines, including long-term follow-up.
  
  
  
  Cohort study.
  
  
  
  Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre and Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Denmark.
  
  
  
  Consecutive cases with AUDAKUT in the second and third trimesters, which were either terminated before 22 completed weeks of gestation or born in the 8-year period January 2006-December 2013. Patients were followed until June 2014.
  
  
  
  50 193 live born children and 24 terminated fetuses (0.05%) were included. The prevalence of AUDAKUT was only 0.39% prenatally, 0.29% at first postnatal US and 0.22% at the end of follow-up, including terminated cases. The greater the prenatal and postnatal APD, the higher risk of febrile urinary tract infection (fUTI) and surgical intervention, and lower probability of resolution. 25% of the identified patients had fUTI and/or surgery.
  
  
  
  We recommend threshold values of APD at least 10 mm in the third trimester and in general at least 12 mm at first postnatal US for intensive follow-up. In this largest to date unselected birth cohort of AUDAKUT, the incidences of clinically significant AUDAKUT were in the lowest range of those previously published.
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatrics, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Liv
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Andrés-Jensen
authors.affiliation: Fetal Medicine Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Copenhagen, Denmark Faculty of Health Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Finn Stener
authors.initials: FS
authors.lastname: Jørgensen
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Health Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark Department of Paediatric Surgery, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Jorgen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Thorup
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatrics, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Julie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Flachs
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Jan Lysgaard
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Madsen
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Lisa Leth
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Maroun
authors.affiliation: Fetal Medicine Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Pernille
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Nørgaard
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Ultrasound, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Pablo Gustavo
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Vinicoff
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Ultrasound, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Beth Härstedt
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Olsen
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatrics, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Copenhagen, Denmark Faculty of Health Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Dina
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cortes
mesh_terms: D015331:Cohort Studies; D003718:Denmark / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D005315:Fetal Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000453:epidemiology; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007668:Kidney / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D007682:Kidney Pelvis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D011247:Pregnancy; D011379:Prognosis; D016216:Ultrasonography, Prenatal / Q000379:methods; D014551:Urinary Tract / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*
keywords: Congenital Abnorm; Fetal Medicine; Nephrology; Paediatric Practice; Paediatric Surgery