title: Arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis affects the grain proteome of Zea mays: a field study.
abstract: Maize is one of the most important crops worldwide and is strongly dependent on arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) fungi, organisms that form a mutualistic association with land plants. In maize, AM symbiosis enhances spike dry weight, spike length, spike circumference, and the dry weight and dimensions of the grain. Notwithstanding its ubiquitous nature, the detailed relationship between AM fungal colonization and plant development is not completely understood. To facilitate a better understanding of the effects of AM fungi on plants, the work reported here assessed the effects of a consortium of AM fungi on the kernel proteome of maize, cultivated in open-field conditions. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the modulation of a plant seed proteome following AM fungal inoculation in the field. Here, it was found that AM fungi modify the maize seed proteome by up-regulating enzymes involved in energetic metabolism, embryo development, nucleotide metabolism, seed storage and stress responses.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze ed Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale Amedeo Avogadro, Viale Teresa Michel, 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy.
authors.forename: Elisa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bona
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze per gli Alimenti, la Nutrizione e l'Ambiente, Università di Milano, Via Celoria, 2, 20133 Milano, Italy.
authors.forename: Alessio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Scarafoni
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze ed Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale Amedeo Avogadro, Viale Teresa Michel, 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy.
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Marsano
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze ed Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale Amedeo Avogadro, Viale Teresa Michel, 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy.
authors.forename: Lara
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Boatti
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze ed Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale Amedeo Avogadro, Viale Teresa Michel, 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Copetta
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze ed Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale Amedeo Avogadro, Viale Teresa Michel, 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy.
authors.forename: Nadia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Massa
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze ed Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale Amedeo Avogadro, Viale Teresa Michel, 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy.
authors.forename: Elisa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gamalero
authors.affiliation: Mybasol srl, Via Gentilini 3, 15121 Alessandria, Italy.
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: D'Agostino
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze ed Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale Amedeo Avogadro, Viale Teresa Michel, 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy.
authors.forename: Patrizia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Cesaro
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze ed Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale Amedeo Avogadro, Viale Teresa Michel, 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cavaletto
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze ed Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale Amedeo Avogadro, Viale Teresa Michel, 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy.
authors.forename: Graziella
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Berta
mesh_terms: D018556:Crops, Agricultural / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology; D002523:Edible Grain / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D038821:Mycorrhizae / Q000502:physiology*; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology; D040901:Proteomics / Q000379:methods*; D013312:Stress, Physiological; D013559:Symbiosis; D003313:Zea mays / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: D010940:Plant Proteins