title: Using Biophysics to Monitor the Essential Protonmotive Force in Bacteria.
abstract: Protonmotive force is an essential biological energy format in all levels of cells. Protonmotive force comprises electrical and chemical potential difference across biological membrane. In bacteria, protonmotive force couples to metabolism and ATP production. Moreover, protonmotive force directly provides driving energy of bacterial flagellar motor that is critical for bacterial motility and infection. Due to the small size of bacterial cells, there were limited experimental tools to measure protonmotive force in bacteria. Recent developments of optical membrane potential and intracellular pH indicators provide valuable information on bacterial studies. These new biophysical techniques allow us to monitor the protonmotive force even in single bacterial cell level that shed the light of next generation single-cell physiological experiments towards the understanding of bacterial infection process.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, National Central University, Jhongli, Taiwan, 32001, Republic of China.
authors.forename: Mei-Ting
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, National Central University, Jhongli, Taiwan, 32001, Republic of China. cjlo@phy.ncu.edu.tw.|Graduate Institute of Biophysics, National Central University, Jhongli, Taiwan, 32001, Republic of China. cjlo@phy.ncu.edu.tw.
authors.forename: Chien-Jung
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Lo
mesh_terms: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D001419:Bacteria / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000472:pathogenicity; D018407:Bacterial Physiological Phenomena; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D055592:Biophysical Phenomena; D004583:Electrons; D005407:Flagella / Q000378:metabolism; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008564:Membrane Potentials; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D008954:Models, Biological; D020409:Molecular Motor Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D009068:Movement; D061848:Optical Imaging; D018892:Proton-Motive Force; D011522:Protons; D014774:Virulence
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D020409:Molecular Motor Proteins; D011522:Protons; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate
keywords: Fluorescent indicator; Membrane potential; Prontonmotive force; Single-cell measurement; pHluorin