title: Breath-hold black blood quantitative T1rho imaging of liver using single shot fast spin echo acquisition.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Liver fibrosis is a key feature in most chronic liver diseases. T1rho magnetic resonance imaging is a potentially important technique for noninvasive diagnosis, severity grading, and therapy monitoring of liver fibrosis. However, it remains challenging to perform robust T1rho quantification of liver on human subjects. One major reason is that the presence of rich blood signal in liver can cause artificially high T1rho measurement and makes T1rho quantification susceptible to motion.
  
  
  METHODS
  A pulse sequence based on single shot fast/turbo spin echo (SSFSE/SSTSE) acquisition, with theoretical analysis and simulation based on the extended phase graph (EPG) algorithm, was presented for breath-hold single slice quantitative T1rho imaging of liver with suppression of blood signal. The pulse sequence was evaluated in human subjects at 3.0 T with 500 Hz spinlock frequency and time-of-spinlock (TSL) 0, 10, 30 and 50 ms.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Human scan demonstrated that the entire T1rho data sets with four spinlock time can be acquired within a single breath-hold of 10 seconds with black blood effect. T1rho quantification with suppression of blood signal results in significantly reduced T1rho value of liver compared to the results without blood suppression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) efficient pulse sequence was reported for T1rho quantification of liver. The black blood effect, together with a short breath-hold, mitigates the risk of quantification errors as would occur in the conventional methods.
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China ; 2 Philips Healthcare Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
authors.forename: Weitian
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China ; 2 Philips Healthcare Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
authors.forename: Queenie
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China ; 2 Philips Healthcare Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
authors.forename: Yì-Xiáng J
authors.initials: YX
authors.lastname: Wáng
keywords: T1rho; black blood; fast spin echo (FSE); liver; quantitative imaging