title: Manipulation of Rumen Microbial Fermentation by Polyphenol Rich Solvent Fractions from Papaya Leaf to Reduce Green-House Gas Methane and Biohydrogenation of C18 PUFA.
abstract: Different solvents (hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, butanol, and water) were used to identify the effect of papaya leaf (PL) fractions (PLFs) on ruminal biohydrogenation (BH) and ruminal methanogenesis in an in vitro study. PLFs at a concentration of 0 (control, CON) and 15 mg/250 mg dry matter (DM) were mixed with 30 mL of buffered rumen fluid and were incubated for 24 h. Methane (CH4) production (mL/250 mg DM) was the highest (P < 0.05) for CON (7.65) and lowest for the chloroform fraction (5.41) compared to those of other PLFs at 24 h of incubation. Acetate to propionate ratio was the lowest for PLFs compared to that of CON. Supplementation of the diet with PLFs significantly (P < 0.05) decreased the rate of BH of C18:1n-9 (oleic acid; OA), C18:2n-6 (linoleic acid; LA), and C18:3n-3 (α-linolenic acid; LNA) compared to that of CON after 24 h of incubation. Real time PCR indicated that total protozoa and total methanogen population in PLFs decreased (P < 0.05) compared to those of CON.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia , 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Saeid
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jafari
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia , 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.|Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia , 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Goh Yong
authors.initials: GY
authors.lastname: Meng
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia , 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Mohamed Ali
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Rajion
authors.affiliation: Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia , 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Mohammad Faseleh
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Jahromi
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia , 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Mahdi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ebrahimi
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed / Q000032:analysis; D000818:Animals; D001419:Bacteria / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D029441:Carica / Q000737:chemistry*; D019587:Dietary Supplements / Q000032:analysis; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D005285:Fermentation; D000069196:Gastrointestinal Microbiome / Q000187:drug effects*; D006041:Goats / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology; D006865:Hydrogenation; D008697:Methane / Q000378:metabolism*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry; D059808:Polyphenols / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D012417:Rumen / Q000382:microbiology*
chemical_list: D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated; D010936:Plant Extracts; D059808:Polyphenols; D008697:Methane
keywords: biohydrogenation; fermentation; in vitro gas production; methanogenesis; papaya leaf fractions; rumen