title: Pharmacokinetic investigations of the marker active metabolites 4-methylamino-antipyrine and 4-amino-antipyrine after intramuscular injection of metamizole in healthy piglets.
abstract: Metamizole (MT) is a pyrazolone nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug labelled for humans and animals. The aim of this study was to assess the pharmacokinetics of its active metabolites 4-methylamino-antipyrine (MAA) and 4-amino-antipyrine (AA) in male piglets after a single intramuscular injection of MT. Eight healthy male piglets were administered MT (100 mg/kg) intramuscularly. Blood was sampled at scheduled time intervals, and drug plasma concentrations evaluated by a validated HPLC method. MAA and AA plasma concentrations were quantitatively detectable from 0.25 to 48 h and 0.50 to 72 h, respectively, in 6 of 8 and 7 of 8 animals. The average maximum concentrations of MAA and AA were of 47.59 and 4.94 mg/mL, respectively. The average half-lives were 8.57 and 13.3 h for MAA and AA, respectively. This study showed that the amount of MAA and AA produced in piglets is different to that in the animal species previously investigated. Further studies are necessary to understand whether these differences in MAA and AA plasma concentrations between animal species necessitate diverse therapeutic drug dosing.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, University of Life Sciences, Lublin, Poland.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Burmańczuk
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, University of Life Sciences, Lublin, Poland.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kowalski
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Sciences, Univerity of Pisa, Pisa, Italy. mario.giorgi@unipi.it.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Giorgi
authors.affiliation: School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD, Australia.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Owen
authors.affiliation: Polpharma Biologics, Gdańsk, Poland.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Grabowski
mesh_terms: D000675:Ampyrone / Q000097:blood / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D000818:Animals; D019540:Area Under Curve; D004177:Dipyrone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000097:blood / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D006207:Half-Life; D008297:Male; D015394:Molecular Structure; D013552:Swine / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D000675:Ampyrone; D004177:Dipyrone; C008667:noramidopyrine