title: [Hydrofluoric acid burns].
abstract: Hydrofluoric acid is increasingly used as a rust remover and detergent. Dermal contact with hydrofluoric acid results in a chemical burn characterized by severe pain and deep tissue necrosis. It may cause electrolyte imbalances with lethal consequences. It is important to identify high-risk patients. 'High risk' is defined as a total affected body area > 3% or exposure to hydrofluoric acid in a concentration > 50%. We present the cases of three male patients (26, 31, and 39 years old) with hydrofluoric acid burns of varying severity and describe the subsequent treatments. The application of calcium gluconate 2.5% gel to the skin is the cornerstone of the treatment, reducing pain as well as improving wound healing. Nails should be thoroughly inspected and possibly removed if the nail is involved, to ensure proper healing. In high-risk patients, plasma calcium levels should be evaluated and cardiac monitoring is indicated.
authors.affiliation: Rode Kruis Ziekenhuis, afd. Heelkunde, Beverwijk.
authors.forename: Robin
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Holla
authors.forename: Ramon R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Gorter
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tenhagen
authors.forename: A F P M Jos
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Vloemans
authors.forename: Roelf S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Breederveld
mesh_terms: D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D000287:Administration, Topical; D000328:Adult; D002057:Burns, Chemical / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology*; D002125:Calcium Gluconate / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005782:Gels; D006801:Humans; D006858:Hydrofluoric Acid / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008297:Male; D012867:Skin; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D005782:Gels; D006858:Hydrofluoric Acid; D002125:Calcium Gluconate