title: Micronutrient Composition of 35 Food Fishes from India and Their Significance in Human Nutrition.
abstract: The micronutrients (vitamins and minerals) are required in small amounts but are essential for health, development, and growth. Micronutrient deficiencies, which affect over two billion people around the globe, are the leading cause of many ailments including mental retardation, preventable blindness, and death during childbirth. Fish is an important dietary source of micronutrients and plays important role in human nutrition. In the present investigation, micronutrient composition of 35 food fishes (includes both finfishes and shellfishes) was investigated from varying aquatic habitats. Macrominerals (Na, K, Ca, Mg) and trace elements (Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn, Se) were determined by either atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) or inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS)/atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). Phosphorus content was determined either spectrophotometrically or by ICP-AES. Fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, K) were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The analysis showed that, in general, the marine fishes were rich in sodium and potassium; small indigenous fishes (SIFs) in calcium, iron, and manganese; coldwater fishes in selenium; and the brackishwater fishes in phosphorous. The marine fishes Sardinella longiceps and Epinephelus spp. and the SIFs were rich in all fat-soluble vitamins. All these recommendations were made according to the potential contribution (daily value %) of the species to the recommended daily allowance (RDA). Information on the micronutrients generated would enhance the utility of fish in both community and clinical nutrition.
authors.affiliation: ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, Kolkata, India. bimal.mohanty@icar.gov.in.
authors.forename: Bimal P
authors.initials: BP
authors.lastname: Mohanty
authors.affiliation: ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Technology, Cochin, India.
authors.forename: T V
authors.initials: TV
authors.lastname: Sankar
authors.affiliation: ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, Kolkata, India.
authors.forename: Satabdi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ganguly
authors.affiliation: ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, Kolkata, India.
authors.forename: Arabinda
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mahanty
authors.affiliation: ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Technology, Cochin, India.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Anandan
authors.affiliation: ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Cochin, India.
authors.forename: Kajal
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Chakraborty
authors.affiliation: ICAR-Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture, Bhubaneswar, India.
authors.forename: B N
authors.initials: BN
authors.lastname: Paul
authors.affiliation: ICAR-Directorate of Coldwater Fisheries Research, Bhimtal, India.
authors.forename: Debajit
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sarma
authors.affiliation: ICAR-Central Institute of Brackishwater Aquaculture, Chennai, India.
authors.forename: J Syama
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Dayal
authors.affiliation: ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Technology, Cochin, India.
authors.forename: Suseela
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mathew
authors.affiliation: ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Technology, Cochin, India.
authors.forename: K K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Asha
authors.affiliation: ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, Kolkata, India.
authors.forename: Tandrima
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mitra
authors.affiliation: ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, Kolkata, India.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Karunakaran
authors.affiliation: ICAR-Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture, Bhubaneswar, India.
authors.forename: Soumen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chanda
authors.affiliation: ICAR-Directorate of Coldwater Fisheries Research, Bhimtal, India.
authors.forename: Neetu
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Shahi
authors.affiliation: ICAR-Directorate of Coldwater Fisheries Research, Bhimtal, India.
authors.forename: Puspita
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Das
authors.affiliation: ICAR-Directorate of Coldwater Fisheries Research, Bhimtal, India.
authors.forename: Partha
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Das
authors.affiliation: ICAR-Directorate of Coldwater Fisheries Research, Bhimtal, India.
authors.forename: Md Shahbaz
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Akhtar
authors.affiliation: ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Cochin, India.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Vijayagopal
authors.affiliation: ICAR-Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture, Bhubaneswar, India.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sridhar
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005396:Fish Products / Q000032:analysis*; D005504:Food Analysis; D006801:Humans; D007194:India; D008670:Metals / Q000032:analysis*; D009753:Nutritive Value; D014131:Trace Elements / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D008670:Metals; D014131:Trace Elements
keywords: Food fishes; Micronutrients; Minerals; Vitamins