title: A glutamic acid decarboxylase (CgGAD) highly expressed in hemocytes of Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas.
abstract: Glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD), a rate-limiting enzyme to catalyze the reaction converting the excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate to inhibitory neurotransmitter γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), not only functions in nervous system, but also plays important roles in immunomodulation in vertebrates. However, GAD has rarely been reported in invertebrates, and never in molluscs. In the present study, one GAD homologue (designed as CgGAD) was identified from Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas. The full length cDNA of CgGAD was 1689 bp encoding a polypeptide of 562 amino acids containing a conserved pyridoxal-dependent decarboxylase domain. CgGAD mRNA and protein could be detected in ganglion and hemocytes of oysters, and their abundance in hemocytes was unexpectedly much higher than those in ganglion. More importantly, CgGAD was mostly located in those granulocytes without phagocytic capacity in oysters, and could dynamically respond to LPS stimulation. Further, after being transfected into HEK293 cells, CgGAD could promote the production of GABA. Collectively, these findings suggested that CgGAD, as a GABA synthase and molecular marker of GABAergic system, was mainly distributed in hemocytes and ganglion and involved in neuroendocrine-immune regulation network in oysters, which also provided a novel insight to the co-evolution between nervous system and immune system.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
authors.forename: Meijia
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China. Electronic address: wanglingling@ms.qdio.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Lingling
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China.
authors.forename: Limei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Qiu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
authors.forename: Weilin
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
authors.forename: Lusheng
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Xin
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
authors.forename: Jiachao
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China.
authors.forename: Hao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China.
authors.forename: Linsheng
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Song
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D049896:Crassostrea / Q000276:immunology*; D029941:Fish Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D005724:Ganglia / Q000502:physiology*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D005968:Glutamate Decarboxylase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D006098:Granulocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D057809:HEK293 Cells; D006434:Hemocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007114:Immunization; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000276:immunology; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D029941:Fish Proteins; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; D005968:Glutamate Decarboxylase
keywords: Crassostrea gigas; GABA synthase; Hemocyte specific; Immune response