title: Immunomodulatory effects of natural polysaccharides assessed in human whole blood culture and THP-1 cells show greater sensitivity of whole blood culture.
abstract: Immunomodulatory drugs are available to maintain immune homeostasis but some have undesirable side effects. Six oligo- and poly-saccharides were assessed for their pro- and anti-inflammatory responses in two in vitro model systems, the monocytic THP-1 cell line and human whole blood cultures (HWBC). The compounds were first characterised for their molecular mass and physical properties. Following incubation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or the compounds, cytokine and chemokine secretion was assayed in both models and intracellular TNF-α was measured by flow cytometry in HWBC cell sub-populations. LPS, inulin, galacturonan, heteroglycan and fucoidan demonstrated pro-inflammatory properties and intracellular TNF-α expression was increased in the monocytes of HWBC. Mannan and xyloglucan did not elicit any significant responses. Inulin induced maximum cytokine secretion and heteroglycan induced maximum chemokine secretion in HWBC. This study emphasises the potential of inulin and heteroglycan as potential immunomodulatory therapeutics and that HWBC had a greater and more varied response in comparison to THP-1 cells.
authors.affiliation: Glycoscience Group, National Centre for Biomedical Engineering Science, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland; Regenerative Medicine Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland.
authors.forename: Satbir Kaur
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Gill
authors.affiliation: Immunology and Transplant Biology, Regenerative Medicine Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland.
authors.forename: Nahidul
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Islam
authors.affiliation: Glycoscience Group, National Centre for Biomedical Engineering Science, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland.
authors.forename: Iain
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Shaw
authors.affiliation: Immunology and Transplant Biology, Regenerative Medicine Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland.
authors.forename: Andreia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ribeiro
authors.affiliation: Immunology and Transplant Biology, Regenerative Medicine Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland.
authors.forename: Benjamin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bradley
authors.forename: Timothy
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: O'Brien
authors.affiliation: Glycoscience Group, National Centre for Biomedical Engineering Science, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland; Microbiology, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland.
authors.forename: Michelle
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kilcoyne
authors.affiliation: Immunology and Transplant Biology, Regenerative Medicine Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland. Electronic address: rhodri.ceredig@nuigalway.ie.
authors.forename: Rhodri
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ceredig
authors.affiliation: Glycoscience Group, National Centre for Biomedical Engineering Science, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland. Electronic address: lokesh.joshi@nuigalway.ie.
authors.forename: Lokesh
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Joshi
mesh_terms: D002460:Cell Line; D003198:Computer Simulation; D055808:Drug Discovery; D006706:Homeostasis / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007155:Immunologic Factors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000378:metabolism; D007444:Inulin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000276:immunology; D009000:Monocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology; D010368:Pectins / Q000494:pharmacology; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D007155:Immunologic Factors; D016209:Interleukin-8; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D011134:Polysaccharides; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D010368:Pectins; D007444:Inulin; C007789:fucoidan; C003181:polygalacturonic acid
keywords: Chemokines; Cytokines; Immunomodulation; Polysaccharides; THP-1 cell line; Whole blood culture