title: A Flexible and Integrated System for the Remote Acquisition of Neuropsychological Data in Stroke Research.
abstract: Neuropsychological testing is a central aspect of stroke research because it provides critical information about the cognitive-behavioral status of stroke survivors, as well as the diagnosis and treatment of stroke-related disorders. Standard neuropsychological methods rely upon face-to-face interactions between a patient and researcher, which creates geographic and logistical barriers that impede research progress and treatment advances.
  
  
  
  To overcome these barriers, we created a flexible and integrated system for the remote acquisition of neuropsychological data (RAND). The system we developed has a secure architecture that permits collaborative videoconferencing. The system supports shared audiovisual feeds that can provide continuous virtual interaction between a participant and researcher throughout a testing session. Shared presentation and computing controls can be used to deliver auditory and visual test items adapted from standard face-to-face materials or execute computer-based assessments. Spoken and manual responses can be acquired, and the components of the session can be recorded for offline data analysis.
  
  
  
  To evaluate its feasibility, our RAND system was used to administer a speech-language test battery to 16 stroke survivors with a variety of communication, sensory, and motor impairments. The sessions were initiated virtually without prior face-to-face instruction in the RAND technology or test battery.
  
  
  
  Neuropsychological data were successfully acquired from all participants, including those with limited technology experience, and those with a communication, sensory, or motor impairment. Furthermore, participants indicated a high level of satisfaction with the RAND system and the remote assessment that it permits.
  
  
  
  The results indicate the feasibility of using the RAND system for virtual home-based neuropsychological assessment without prior face-to-face contact between a participant and researcher. Because our RAND system architecture uses off-the-shelf technology and software, it can be duplicated without specialized expertise or equipment. In sum, our RAND system offers a readily available and promising alternative to face-to-face neuropsychological assessment in stroke research.
authors.affiliation: 1 Learning Research and Development Center, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
authors.forename: Corrine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Durisko
authors.affiliation: 2 Department of Rehabilitation Science and Technology, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: McCue
authors.affiliation: 3 Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.|4 Department of Communication Science and Disorders, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
authors.forename: Patrick J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Doyle
authors.affiliation: 3 Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.|4 Department of Communication Science and Disorders, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.|5 Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
authors.forename: Michael Walsh
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Dickey
authors.affiliation: 1 Learning Research and Development Center, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.|4 Department of Communication Science and Disorders, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.|5 Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.|6 Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
authors.forename: Julie A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Fiez
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D035843:Biomedical Research / Q000379:methods*; D016494:Computer Security; D003299:Cooperative Behavior; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007806:Language Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D020521:Stroke / Q000150:complications*; D017216:Telemedicine / Q000379:methods*; D049269:Videoconferencing
keywords: behavioral health; cardiology/cardiovascular disease; telemedicine; teleneurology; telepsychiatry