title: Long Noncoding RNAs Regulate Cell Growth, Proliferation, and Apoptosis.
abstract: The revolutionary findings in nonprotein-coding part of human genome analysis have revealed a large number of RNA transcripts longer than 200 nucleotides that lack coding protein function, termed long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs). Recently, accumulating shreds of evidence suggest that lncRNAs are widely distributed in human genome and deeply involved in cellular activities such as cell growth, proliferation, and apoptosis. Generally, lncRNAs regulate cell behaviors by targeting cell cycle-associated cyclins, cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), and/or CDK inhibitors. Specifically, lncRNAs serve as scaffolds or guides for chromatin-modifying complexes and act as signals in response to DNA damage. In addition, lncRNAs function as protein decoys and microRNA decoys, as well as interveners in cell division by modulating oncogenes and/or tumor suppressors. In this review, we mainly focus on the current understanding of the molecular mechanisms, how lncRNAs influence cellular processes and cancer progression. Finally, we also prospect the limitations of lncRNAs in cell behaviors and the novel roles of lncRNAs in epigenetic regulations.
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ningbo University School of Medicine , Ningbo, China .|2 Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Ningbo University School of Medicine , Ningbo, China .
authors.forename: Jingqiu
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ningbo University School of Medicine , Ningbo, China .|2 Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Ningbo University School of Medicine , Ningbo, China .|3 Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ningbo Kangning Hospital , Ningbo, China .
authors.forename: Haihua
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ningbo University School of Medicine , Ningbo, China .|2 Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Ningbo University School of Medicine , Ningbo, China .
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ningbo University School of Medicine , Ningbo, China .|2 Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Ningbo University School of Medicine , Ningbo, China .
authors.forename: Zhaohui
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Gong
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis; D002453:Cell Cycle; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D042002:Chromatin Assembly and Disassembly; D050756:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D018844:Cyclin-Dependent Kinases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D018450:Disease Progression; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D015894:Genome, Human; D006801:Humans; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D062085:RNA, Long Noncoding / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D050756:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor Proteins; D035683:MicroRNAs; D062085:RNA, Long Noncoding; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins; D018844:Cyclin-Dependent Kinases