title: In Vitro Susceptibility of Pythium insidiosum to Melaleuca alternifolia, Mentha piperita and Origanum vulgare Essential Oils Combinations.
abstract: Pythium insidiosum is the etiologic agent of pythiosis, a severe and emerging disease that affects mammals. Failure of conventional antifungal therapies is partially justified by the absence of ergosterol in the plasma membrane of this oomycete. Despite research advancement, the treatment of pythiosis has not been not fully established. The present study investigated the in vitro susceptibility profile of Brazilian isolates of P. insidiosum (n = 20) against Melaleuca alternifolia, Mentha piperita and Origanum vulgare essential oils, and their combinations. Susceptibility tests were performed according to CLSI M38-A2 protocol, and combinations were evaluated by the microdilution cherkerboard method. All tested essential oils showed antimicrobial activity against P. insidiosum, and the greatest activity of O. vulgare was highlighted. Synergistic and/or indifferent effect was observed for all combinations evaluated, especially the M. piperita and O. vulgare combination, which showed 65 % synergism. This is the first study to report in vitro combinations of essential oils against P. insidiosum indicating the susceptibility of this oomycete to M. alternifolia, M. piperita and O. vulgare essential oils, as well as their combinations.
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Micologia, Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus Capão do Leão, s/no, Prédio 18, Sala 14, Pelotas, RS, 96010-900, Brazil.
authors.forename: Júlia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: de Souza Silveira Valente
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Micologia, Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus Capão do Leão, s/no, Prédio 18, Sala 14, Pelotas, RS, 96010-900, Brazil.
authors.forename: Anelise
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: de Oliveira da Silva Fonseca
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Pesquisas Micológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Campus Universitário Camobi, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil.
authors.forename: Laura Bedin
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Denardi
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Micologia, Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus Capão do Leão, s/no, Prédio 18, Sala 14, Pelotas, RS, 96010-900, Brazil.
authors.forename: Vanessa Silveira
authors.initials: VS
authors.lastname: Dal Ben
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Micologia, Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus Capão do Leão, s/no, Prédio 18, Sala 14, Pelotas, RS, 96010-900, Brazil.
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: de Souza Maia Filho
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Micologia, Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus Capão do Leão, s/no, Prédio 18, Sala 14, Pelotas, RS, 96010-900, Brazil.
authors.forename: Cristiane Telles
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Baptista
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Micologia, Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus Capão do Leão, s/no, Prédio 18, Sala 14, Pelotas, RS, 96010-900, Brazil.
authors.forename: Caroline Quintana
authors.initials: CQ
authors.lastname: Braga
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Micologia, Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus Capão do Leão, s/no, Prédio 18, Sala 14, Pelotas, RS, 96010-900, Brazil.
authors.forename: Cristina Gomes
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Zambrano
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Pesquisas Micológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Campus Universitário Camobi, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil.
authors.forename: Sydney Hartz
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Alves
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Pesquisas Micológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Campus Universitário Camobi, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil.
authors.forename: Sônia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: de Avila Botton
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Micologia, Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus Capão do Leão, s/no, Prédio 18, Sala 14, Pelotas, RS, 96010-900, Brazil. danielabrayer@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Daniela Isabel Brayer
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4374-677X
authors.initials: DI
authors.lastname: Pereira
mesh_terms: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001938:Brazil; D004357:Drug Synergism; D031650:Melaleuca / Q000737:chemistry*; D036142:Mentha piperita / Q000737:chemistry*; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D009822:Oils, Volatile / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D031341:Origanum / Q000737:chemistry*; D011775:Pythium / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D009822:Oils, Volatile
keywords: Mint; Oomycete; Oregano; Pythiosis; Sinergism; Tea tree