title: The safety and efficacy of enzalutamide in the treatment of advanced prostate cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Enzalutamide - a non-steroidal second-generation antiandrogen - represents an active treatment option for patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) in both chemotherapy-naïve and docetaxel-pretreated settings, based on the demonstration of improved overall survival over placebo in two large phase III trials.
  
  
  METHODS
  The therapeutic landscape of mCRPC, narrowed to docetaxel until recently, encompasses now several treatments of a different nature (including androgen receptor targeting agents, taxanes, radiometabolic therapy, and immunotherapy), improving considerably the patients prognosis. However, direct comparisons between these agents still lack, raising the question of the optimal sequence of treatment. Expert commentary: We described in detail available data on clinical efficacy and safety of enzalutamide in different clinical settings (chemotherapy-naïve and -pretreated mCRPC patients), analyzing patients characteristics, the effects of enzalutamide on major clinical outcomes and its impact on patients quality of life. Finally, we briefly overviewed ongoing clinical trials evaluating potential active combinations, cross-resistance with other compounds, sequential strategies, and possible prognostic or predictive biomarkers.
authors.affiliation: a Medical Oncology , Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata, University of Verona , Verona , Italy.
authors.forename: Chiara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ciccarese
authors.affiliation: b Division of Oncology , S.Orsola-Malpighi Hospital , Bologna , Italy.
authors.forename: Elisabetta
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Nobili
authors.affiliation: b Division of Oncology , S.Orsola-Malpighi Hospital , Bologna , Italy.
authors.forename: Donatella
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Grilli
authors.affiliation: b Division of Oncology , S.Orsola-Malpighi Hospital , Bologna , Italy.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Casolari
authors.affiliation: b Division of Oncology , S.Orsola-Malpighi Hospital , Bologna , Italy.
authors.forename: Karim
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Rihawi
authors.affiliation: b Division of Oncology , S.Orsola-Malpighi Hospital , Bologna , Italy.
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gelsomino
authors.affiliation: a Medical Oncology , Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata, University of Verona , Verona , Italy.
authors.forename: Giampaolo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tortora
authors.affiliation: b Division of Oncology , S.Orsola-Malpighi Hospital , Bologna , Italy.
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Massari
mesh_terms: D000726:Androgen Antagonists / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001549:Benzamides; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D009570:Nitriles; D010669:Phenylthiohydantoin / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D064129:Prostatic Neoplasms, Castration-Resistant / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D011788:Quality of Life; D015996:Survival Rate
chemical_list: D000726:Androgen Antagonists; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D001549:Benzamides; D009570:Nitriles; D010669:Phenylthiohydantoin; C540278:enzalutamide
keywords: Enzalutamide; androgen receptor; antiandrogen; castration resistant prostate cancer; overall survival