title: Treatment of axillary bromhidrosis through a mini-incision with subdermal vascular preservation: a retrospective study in 396 patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Axillary bromhidrosis is a condition presenting as malodor caused by an interaction between the discharge of apocrine glands and bacteria. Topical agents, liposuction, and elective surgery are currently the main therapeutic modalities. However, the efficiency of these treatments and incidences of side effects are various and frequent, and depend on patient characteristics, surgical technique, and other unknown factors.
  
  
  METHODS
  We report a retrospective study of outcomes in 396 patients treated by mini-incision with subdermal vascular preservation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At 2 years postoperatively, 87.1% of patients had achieved very satisfactory results. Short-term side effects included hematomas, epidermal erosions, infections, necrosis, incision dehiscence, and skin ripples. Long-term side effects comprised comedones, epidermoid cysts, relapsing cyst infections, skin gauffers, scars, keloids, and persistent malodor. Some patients reported unsatisfactory cosmetic results, including skin gauffers, scars, or epidermoid cyst formations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Two discrete aspects of the procedure that must be considered are the extent of apocrine gland clearance, which must be thorough in order to achieve the resolution of malodor, and the maintenance of an intact subdermal vascular plexus to support the regrowth of skin flaps after surgery and to avoid the occurrence of severe side effects.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
authors.forename: Hengguang
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Chongqing Third People's Hospital, Chongqing, China.
authors.forename: Shuang
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
authors.forename: Owais
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Nabi
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, University-Town Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
authors.forename: Xi
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
authors.forename: Fuling
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Luo
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001050:Apocrine Glands / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D001365:Axilla / Q000601:surgery*; D002921:Cicatrix / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery; D015331:Cohort Studies; D062109:Dermatologic Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D006945:Hyperhidrosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019060:Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods; D009812:Odorants; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012867:Skin / Q000098:blood supply; D013543:Sweat Gland Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult