title: Adipokines, inflammatory mediators, and insulin-resistance parameters may not be good markers of metabolic syndrome after liver transplant.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The role of adipokines in liver transplantation (LTx) recipients who have metabolic syndrome (MetS) has seldom been assessed. The aim of this study was to investigate the concentrations of adipokines, inflammatory mediators, and insulin-resistance markers in liver recipients with MetS and its components.
  
  
  METHODS
  Serum samples from 34 patients (55.9% male; 54.9 ± 13.9 y; 7.7 ± 2.9 y after LTx; 50% presented with MetS) were assessed for adiponectin, resistin, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1, interleukin (IL)-6, C-reactive protein (CRP), homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and free fatty acid (FFA) levels. The dosages were uni- and multivariate analyzed to cover MetS (using the Harmonizing MetS criteria), its components, and dietary intake.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A higher concentration of adiponectin (P < 0.05) was observed among patients with MetS (5.2 ± 3.2 μg/mL) compared with those without MetS (3.2 ± 1.2 μg/mL), as well as those with MetS components versus those without them: abdominal obesity (4.6 ± 2.6 μg/mL versus 2.6 ± 0.6 μg/mL), high triacylglycerols (TGs; 5.6 ± 3.1 μg/mL versus 3 ± 0.9 μg/mL) and low high-density lipoprotein (HDL; 6.1 ± 2.7 μg/mL versus 3.3 ± 1.9 μg/mL). Increased TNF-α and HOMA-IR values were seen in patients with abdominal obesity. Patients with high TGs also had greater FFA values. Independent predictors for adiponectin were waist-to-hip ratio, low HDL and high TGs. High TGs and fasting blood glucose were independent predictors for HOMA-IR. Independent predictors could not be identified for CRP, TNF-α, MCP-1, IL-6, or FFA.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MetS and its components are related to an increased HOMA-IR concentration and FFA. Adiponectin, resistin, and inflammatory markers, such as TNF-α, IL-6, MCP-1, and CRP, were not associated with MetS in this sample of post-LTx patients.
authors.affiliation: Nutrition Department, Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
authors.forename: Lucilene Rezende
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Anastácio
authors.affiliation: Nutrition Department, Nurse School, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marina Chaves
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: de Oliveira
authors.affiliation: Nutrition Department, Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
authors.forename: Kiara Gonçalves
authors.initials: KG
authors.lastname: Diniz
authors.affiliation: Nutrition Department, Nurse School, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
authors.forename: Adaliene Matos Versiane
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Ferreira
authors.affiliation: Alpha Institute of Gastroenterology, Hospital of Clinics, Medical School, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
authors.forename: Agnaldo Soares
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Lima
authors.affiliation: Alpha Institute of Gastroenterology, Hospital of Clinics, Medical School, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Surgery Post Graduation Program, Medical School, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
authors.forename: Maria Isabel Toulson Davisson
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Correia
authors.affiliation: Alpha Institute of Gastroenterology, Hospital of Clinics, Medical School, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Electronic address: Evilela@medicina.ufmg.br.
authors.forename: Eduardo Garcia
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: Vilela
mesh_terms: D054392:Adipokines / Q000097:blood*; D052242:Adiponectin / Q000097:blood; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D018932:Chemokine CCL2 / Q000097:blood; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000097:blood*; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D016031:Liver Transplantation; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis; D052243:Resistin / Q000097:blood; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D054392:Adipokines; D052242:Adiponectin; D015415:Biomarkers; D018932:Chemokine CCL2; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D015850:Interleukin-6; D052243:Resistin; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D002097:C-Reactive Protein
keywords: Adipokines; Insulin resistance; Liver transplantation; Metabolic syndrome; Obesity