title: Minimally Invasive Alveolar Ridge Preservation Utilizing an In Situ Hardening β-Tricalcium Phosphate Bone Substitute: A Multicenter Case Series.
abstract: Ridge preservation measures, which include the filling of extraction sockets with bone substitutes, have been shown to reduce ridge resorption, while methods that do not require primary soft tissue closure minimize patient morbidity and decrease surgical time and cost. In a case series of 10 patients requiring single extraction, in situ hardening beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) granules coated with poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) were utilized as a grafting material that does not necessitate primary wound closure. After 4 months, clinical observations revealed excellent soft tissue healing without loss of attached gingiva in all cases. At reentry for implant placement, bone core biopsies were obtained and primary implant stability was measured by final seating torque and resonance frequency analysis. Histological and histomorphometrical analysis revealed pronounced bone regeneration (24.4 ± 7.9% new bone) in parallel to the resorption of the grafting material (12.9 ± 7.7% graft material) while high levels of primary implant stability were recorded. Within the limits of this case series, the results suggest that β-TCP coated with polylactide can support new bone formation at postextraction sockets, while the properties of the material improve the handling and produce a stable and porous bone substitute scaffold in situ, facilitating the application of noninvasive surgical techniques.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dental School, University of Athens, 2 Thivon Street, Goudi, 115 27 Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Minas D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Leventis
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology and Implant Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Detroit Mercy, 2700 Martin Luther King Jr Boulevard, Detroit, MI 48208, USA.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Fairbairn
authors.affiliation: Dental College, Yenepoya University, University Road, Mangalore, Karnataka 575018, India.
authors.forename: Ashish
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kakar
authors.affiliation: Medical School, University of Athens, 75 M. Assias Street, 115 27 Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Angelos D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Leventis
authors.affiliation: PhD and DrPH Public Health Programs, College of Health Sciences, Walden University, 100 S Washington Avenue No. 900, Minneapolis, MN 55401, USA.
authors.forename: Vasileios
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Margaritis
authors.affiliation: Department of Prosthodontics, Preclinical Education and Materials Science, University of Bonn, Regina-Pacis-Weg 3, 53113 Bonn, Germany.
authors.forename: Walter
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Lückerath
authors.affiliation: Departments of Periodontics, Implant Dentistry, and Oral Surgery, New York University College of Dentistry, 345 E. 24th Street, New York, NY 10010, USA.
authors.forename: Robert A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Horowitz
authors.affiliation: Dental College, Yenepoya University, University Road, Mangalore, Karnataka 575018, India.
authors.forename: Bappanadu H
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Rao
authors.affiliation: Department for Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Cell Tissue Analysis (CTA), Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Street 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Annette
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lindner
authors.affiliation: Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Street 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Heiner
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nagursky