title: Exogenous Application of Growth Enhancers Mitigate Water Stress in Wheat by Antioxidant Elevation.
abstract: The present study was conducted to investigate the response of two wheat cultivars (AARI-11 and Millat-11) to a foliar application of four growth enhancers which include: {H2O (water), MLE30 (moringa leaf extract), KCl (potassium chloride), and BAP (benzyl-amino purine)}, within the six irrigation water-regimes which are applied at the various critical growth stages such as crown root initiation (CRI), tillering (T), booting (B), and heading (H). Irrigation water-regimes include: CRI+T+B, CRI+T, CRI+B, T+B, T+H, and control (CRI+T+B+H). The growth enhancers i.e., H2O, MLE30 (1:30), KCl (2%), and BAP (50 mg L(-1)) were applied @ 500 L ha(-1) at tillering and heading stages. The results demonstrated some increased quantities of both enzymatic (superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, catalase) and non-enzymatic (ascorbic acid, phenol) antioxidants in leaves of AARI-11 when MLE30 was applied under T+B and T+H irrigation water-regimes. Similar results were also observed in the case of leaf chlorophyll "a" and "b" and K(+) contents in both cultivars under control, T+B and CRI+T+B irrigation water regimes. AARI-11 produced the highest biological and grain yield, due to the application of MLE30 and BAP under control, CRI+T+B, T+B, and T+H irrigation water-regimes. However, KCl lagged behind among the treatments set for both cultivars under all the irrigation water-regimes. Foliar spray of MLE30 remained prominent growth enhancer and stresses mitigating agent under water deficit conditions particularly under T+B and T+H irrigation water-regimes. Moreover, economic analysis indicated that the foliar application of MLE30 is a cost effective and environment friendly strategy for the maximum yield and income.
authors.affiliation: Department of Agronomy, Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Hamid
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nawaz
authors.affiliation: Department of Agronomy, Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Azra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yasmeen
authors.affiliation: Department of Horticulture, Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Muhammad A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Anjum
authors.affiliation: Department of Agronomy, Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Nazim
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hussain
keywords: benefit cost ratio; enzymes; growth regulators; irrigation water-regimes; non-enzymes