title: Intermittent exotropia with a positive Bielschowsky head-tilt test.
abstract: To investigate the clinical features of patients with intermittent exotropia (IXT) with and without positive Bielschowsky head-tilt test (BHTT), but without superior oblique palsy.
  
  
  
  We retrospectively reviewed the charts of 118 patients with IXT. Patients were divided into two groups according to positive or negative BHTT. Associated risk factors for positive BHTT in patients with IXT were analysed. The changes in the BHTT result after surgery were also analysed.
  
  
  
  Fifty patients showed a positive BHTT, and 68 patients showed a negative BHTT. There were significant differences between the groups with regard to the elapsed time from the onset of IXT, the angle of distance exodeviation, inferior oblique muscle overaction, vertical deviation at the primary position, suppression and stereoacuity (all for p<0.05). Risk factors for a positive BHTT among patients with IXT were the elapsed period since the onset of IXT (OR, 1.034; 95% CI 1.008 to 1.061, p=0.011), angle of distance exodeviation (OR, 1.087; 95% CI 1.015 to 1.165, p=0.017) and near stereoacuity (OR, 1.006; 95% CI 1.001 to 1.011, p=0.029). Horizontal muscle surgery alone, without cyclovertical muscle surgery, resulted in a significant decrease in the number of patients with positive BHTT (p<0.01).
  
  
  
  A positive BHTT was seen in patients with IXT with larger angle exodeviations, longer elapsed time periods since the onset of IXT and worse stereoacuity. The positive BHTT could be eliminated using horizontal muscle surgery only, without complementary inferior oblique muscle weakening surgery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, South Korea.
authors.forename: Tae Hee
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, South Korea.
authors.forename: Yong Sok
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Ji
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, South Korea.
authors.forename: Sang Woo
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, South Korea.
authors.forename: Kyung Chul
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Yoon
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, South Korea.
authors.forename: Hwan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Heo
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D005099:Exotropia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006257:Head / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D009801:Oculomotor Muscles / Q000601:surgery; D010808:Physical Examination / Q000379:methods*; D011187:Posture / Q000502:physiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D014792:Visual Acuity / Q000502:physiology
keywords: Child health (paediatrics)