title: Discrepant membrane fouling of partial nitrification and anammox membrane bioreactor operated at the same nitrogen loading rate.
abstract: In this study, two times more serious membrane fouling was found in anammox membrane bioreactor, compared to partial nitrification membrane bioreactor (PN-MBR) operated at the same nitrogen loading rate. By protein, polysaccharide, amino acids and functional groups analysis, it was found that the discrepancy in membrane fouling was virtually due to the difference in microbial products of nitrifiers and anammox bacteria. Protein and polysaccharide were main foulants on membrane surface; meanwhile theirs content and ratio in the EPS, supernatant and membrane surface were significantly different in PN-MBR and anammox-MBR. The anammox metabolism products contained much more hydrophobic organics, hydrophobic amino acids, and hydrophobic functional groups than nitrifiers. A mass of anammox bacteria as well as hydrophobic metabolism products deposited on the hydrophobic membrane surface and formed serious fouling. In further, hydrophilic modification is more urgently needed to mitigate membrane fouling when running anammox-MBR, than PN-MBR.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education of China, Beijing 100871, China; School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China.
authors.forename: Zhao
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Niu
authors.affiliation: School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China.
authors.forename: Zuotao
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education of China, Beijing 100871, China; School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China. Electronic address: liusitong@pku.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Sitong
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Center for Membrane and Film Technology, Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodaicho, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan.
authors.forename: Taro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Miyoshi
authors.affiliation: Center for Membrane and Film Technology, Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodaicho, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan.
authors.forename: Hideo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Matsuyama
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education of China, Beijing 100871, China; School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China.
authors.forename: Jinren
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ni
mesh_terms: D000596:Amino Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D001419:Bacteria / Q000378:metabolism*; D019149:Bioreactors / Q000382:microbiology*; D001709:Biotechnology; D057927:Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D058465:Nitrification; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000378:metabolism*; D056951:Photoelectron Spectroscopy; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000737:chemistry; D011145:Polyvinyls / Q000737:chemistry; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D013499:Surface Properties; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry; D005465:Fluorocarbon Polymers
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D009584:Nitrogen; D011134:Polysaccharides; D011145:Polyvinyls; D014867:Water; C024865:polyvinylidene fluoride; D005465:Fluorocarbon Polymers
keywords: Anammox; MBR; Membrane fouling; Microbial products; Partial nitrification