title: Initial study of sediment antagonism and characteristics of silver nanoparticle-coated biliary stents in an experimental animal model.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Plastic biliary stents used to relieve obstructive jaundice are frequently blocked by sediment, resulting in loss of drainage. We prepared stents coated with silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and compared their ability to resist sedimentation with Teflon stents in a beagle model of obstructive jaundice.
  
  
  METHODS
  AgNP-coated Teflon biliary stents were prepared by chemical oxidation-reduction and evaluated in an obstructive jaundice model that was produced by ligation of common bile duct (CBD); animals were randomized to two equal groups for placement of AgNP-coated or Teflon control stents. Liver function and inflammatory index were found to be similar in the two groups, and the obstruction was relieved. Stents were removed 21 days after insertion and observed by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The AgNP coating was analyzed by energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDXA), and the composition of sediment was assayed by Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Electron microscopy revealed a black, closely adherent AgNP stent coating, with thicknesses of 1.5-6 µm. Sediment thickness and density were greater on Teflon than on AgNP-coated stents. EDXA confirmed the stability and integrity of the AgNP coating before and after in vivo animal experimentation. FTIR spectroscopy identified stent sediment components including bilirubin, cholesterol, bile acid, protein, calcium, and other substances.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  AgNP-coated biliary stents resisted sediment accumulation in this canine model of obstructive jaundice caused by ligation of the CBD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, School of Physics and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yigeng
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Mingfeng
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Xia
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Sixth People's Hospital of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Shuai
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Zhen
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Qingbin
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Wen
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Zongzhen
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Hu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tian
mesh_terms: D034841:Abdominal Cavity / Q000601:surgery; D000818:Animals; D001652:Bile Ducts / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004285:Dogs; D005260:Female; D008111:Liver Function Tests; D008297:Male; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D023421:Models, Animal; D012834:Silver / Q000737:chemistry*; D013055:Spectrophotometry, Infrared; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D015607:Stents
chemical_list: D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D012834:Silver
keywords: animal model; biliary stent; characterization; silver nanoparticles; stent sediment