title: Effect of a multi-sided concave liner barrel design on thickness and roughness of teat-end hyperkeratosis.
abstract: In a round liner barrel, the force of the closing liner is transferred by the two opposite sides of the liner wall to the teat apex. Liners with a multi-sided barrel shape close at three or more planes and distribute their force to a larger area of the teat apex. The objective of the study was to investigate effects of a liner with a multi-sided concave barrel design on the degree of teat-end hyperkeratosis, thickness and roughness, and on the time delay until thickness or roughness of teat-end hyperkeratosis responded to the experimental liner. The investigations were done on two dairy farms, one in USA and one in Germany. A split-udder arrangement of liners was used, and control treatment was a liner with round barrel shape. The test period comprised 14 weeks in the first study and 16 weeks in the second study. Thickness of teat-end hyperkeratosis was influenced by farm and test week. Roughness was influenced by farm, test week and treatment. In the first study, the incidence of rough teat-end hyperkeratosis was about 28 and 42% lower in teats milked with the experimental liner than in teats milked with the control liner by test weeks 11 and 14, respectively. In the second study, incidence of rough teat-end hyperkeratosis was rare in general, and in addition hardly occurred in teats milked with the experimental liner. The results indicate that the barrel design of the experimental liner causes similar effects on different farms but magnitude of the effect depends on initial incidence of teat end hyperkeratosis in the herd.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Agricultural Engineering,Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel,24098 Kiel,Germany.
authors.forename: Angelika
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Haeussermann
authors.affiliation: Udder Health Systems Inc.,Meridian,Idaho,USA.
authors.forename: Justine
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Britten
authors.affiliation: Udder Health Systems Inc.,Meridian,Idaho,USA.
authors.forename: Allan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Britten
authors.affiliation: Institute of Agricultural Engineering,Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel,24098 Kiel,Germany.
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pahl
authors.affiliation: DeLaval International AB,Tumba,Sweden.
authors.forename: Nils
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Älveby
authors.affiliation: Institute of Agricultural Engineering,Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel,24098 Kiel,Germany.
authors.forename: Eberhard
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hartung
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D002418:Cattle Diseases / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D003612:Dairying / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D005858:Germany; D007642:Keratosis / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000662:veterinary*; D007774:Lactation; D008321:Mammary Glands, Animal / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology*; D008414:Mastitis, Bovine / Q000382:microbiology; D008892:Milk; D014481:United States
keywords: Machine milking; hyperkeratosis; liner; teat condition