title: The Impact of Liver and Renal Dysfunction on the Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Sedative and Analgesic Drugs in Critically Ill Adult Patients.
abstract: The use of sedative and analgesic drug therapy is often necessary for the care of critically ill patients. Renal and hepatic dysfunction, which occurs frequently in this patient population, can significantly alter drugs' pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics properties. By anticipating how these medications may be affected by liver or kidney dysfunction, health care practitioners may be able to provide tailored dosing regimens that ensure optimal comfort while minimizing the risk of adverse events.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy Practice, Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences University, 19 Foster Street, Worcester, MA 01608, USA. Electronic address: Dinesh.yogaratnam@mcphs.edu.
authors.forename: Dinesh
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Yogaratnam
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Neuro-Trauma Burn Intensive Care Unit, UMass Memorial Medical Center, 55 Lake Avenue North, Worcester, MA 01655, USA.
authors.forename: Kristen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ditch
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, UMass Memorial Medical Center, 55 Lake Avenue North, Worcester, MA 01655, USA.
authors.forename: Kristin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Medeiros
authors.affiliation: Emergency Medicine, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, 525 East 68th Street, New York, NY 10065, USA.
authors.forename: Melissa A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.affiliation: Specialty Pharmacy Services, UMass Memorial Shields Pharmacy, 55 Lake Avenue North, Worcester, MA 01655, USA.
authors.forename: Brian S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Smith
mesh_terms: D000700:Analgesics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D003422:Critical Care / Q000379:methods; D016638:Critical Illness; D016903:Drug Monitoring / Q000379:methods / Q000451:nursing; D006801:Humans; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives / Q000378:metabolism / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D007677:Kidney Function Tests; D008107:Liver Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008111:Liver Function Tests
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives
keywords: Analgesics; Critical care; Dysfunction; Hepatic; Pharmacodynamics; Pharmacokinetics; Renal; Sedatives