title: Changes in the Supplementation Practices of Elite Australian Swimmers Over 11 Years.
abstract: Thirty nine elite Australian swimmers (13 AIS, 26 OTHER) completed a standardized questionnaire regarding their supplement use during a pre competition camp. The data were compared with a similar study conducted 11 years earlier (11 AIS, 23 OTHER) and framed around the classification system of the Sport Supplement Program of the Australian Institute of Sport. The prevalence of supplement use remained constant over time (2009: 97%, 1998: 100%). However, the current swimmers used a greater number of dietary supplements (9.2 ± 3.7 and 5.9 ± 2.9; p = .001), accounted for by an increase in the reported use of supplements with a greater evidence base (Sports Foods, Ergogenics, and Group B supplements). In contrast, fewer supplements considered less reputable (Group C and D) were reported by the 2009 cohort (0.7 ± 1.0 and 1.6 ± 1.3; p = .003). AIS swimmers reported a greater use of Ergogenics (4.3 ± 1.8 and 3.1 ± 1.7; p = .002), and less use of Group C and D supplements overall (0.8 ± 1.2 and 1.3 ± 1.2; p = .012), which was explained primarily by a smaller number of these supplements reported by the 2009 group (1998 AIS: 1.5 ± 1.4, 2009 AIS: 0.2 ± 0.6; p = .004). Although the prevalence of supplement use has not changed over time, there has been a significant increase in the number and type of products they are using. The potential that these changes can be attributed to a Sports Supplement Program merit investigation.
authors.forename: Gregory
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Shaw
authors.forename: Gary
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Slater
authors.forename: Louise M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Burke
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D056352:Athletes; D001315:Australia; D002110:Caffeine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage; D019587:Dietary Supplements / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D004573:Electrolytes / Q000008:administration & dosage; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3 / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005260:Female; D005944:Glucosamine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005973:Glutamine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D018977:Micronutrients / Q000008:administration & dosage; D010865:Pilot Projects; D019936:Probiotics / Q000008:administration & dosage; D012737:Sex Factors; D017693:Sodium Bicarbonate / Q000008:administration & dosage; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013550:Swimming; D055815:Young Adult; D015032:Zinc / Q000008:administration & dosage; D015091:beta-Alanine / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D004044:Dietary Proteins; D004573:Electrolytes; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3; D018977:Micronutrients; D005973:Glutamine; D015091:beta-Alanine; D002110:Caffeine; D017693:Sodium Bicarbonate; D015032:Zinc; D005944:Glucosamine
keywords: ergogenic; performance; sport food