title: Molecular factors in migraine.
abstract: Migraine is a common neurological disorder that affects 11% of adults worldwide. This disease most likely has a neurovascular origin. Migraine with aura (MA) and more common form - migraine without aura (MO) - are the two main clinical subtypes of disease. The exact pathomechanism of migraine is still unknown, but it is thought that both genetic and environmental factors are involved in this pathological process. The first genetic studies of migraine were focused on the rare subtype of MA: familial hemiplegic migraine (FHM). The genes analysed in familial and sporadic migraine are: MTHFR, KCNK18, HCRTR1, SLC6A4, STX1A, GRIA1 and GRIA3. It is possible that migraine is a multifactorial disease with polygenic influence.Recent studies have shown that the pathomechanisms of migraine involves both factors responsible for immune response and oxidative stress such as: cytokines, tyrosine metabolism, homocysteine; and factors associated with pain transmission and emotions e.g.: serotonin, hypocretin-1, calcitonin gene-related peptide, glutamate. The correlations between genetic variants of the HCRTR1 gene, the polymorphism 5-HTTLPR and hypocretin-1, and serotonin were observed. It is known that serotonin inhibits the activity of hypocretin neurons and may affect the appearance of the aura during migraine attack.The understanding of the molecular mechanisms of migraine, including genotype-phenotype correlations, may contribute to finding markers important for the diagnosis and treatment of this disease.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Neurology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland.
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kowalska
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Neurology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland.
authors.forename: Michał
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Prendecki
authors.affiliation: Chair and Department of Neurology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland.
authors.forename: Wojciech
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Kozubski
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Neurology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland.
authors.forename: Margarita
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lianeri
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Neurology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland.
authors.forename: Jolanta
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dorszewska
mesh_terms: D056726:Genetic Association Studies; D005819:Genetic Markers / Q000235:genetics; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation; D008881:Migraine Disorders / Q000235:genetics* / Q000503:physiopathology; D064446:Orexin Receptors / Q000235:genetics; D000068797:Orexins / Q000235:genetics; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D012307:Risk Factors; D050486:Serotonin Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D005819:Genetic Markers; C578630:HCRTR1 protein, human; D064446:Orexin Receptors; D000068797:Orexins; C493230:SLC6A4 protein, human; D050486:Serotonin Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins
keywords: biochemical factors; gene polymorphisms; migraine