title: Glimpse into the future: harnessing autophagy to promote anti-tumor immunity with the DRibbles vaccine.
abstract: Because the benefits of immune checkpoint blockade may be restricted to tumors with pre-existing immune recognition, novel therapies that facilitate de novo immune activation are needed. DRibbles is a novel multi-valent vaccine that is created by disrupting degradation of intracellular proteins by the ubiquitin proteasome system. The DRibbles vaccine is comprised of autophagosome vesicles that are enriched with defective ribosomal products and short-lived proteins, known tumor-associated antigens, mediators of innate immunity, and surface markers that encourage phagocytosis and cross-presentation by antigen presenting cells. Here we summarize the rationale and preclinical development of DRibbles, translational evidence in support of DRibbles as a therapeutic strategy in humans, as well as recent developments and expected future directions of the DRibbles vaccine in the clinic.
authors.affiliation: Earle A. Chiles Research Institute / Providence Portland Cancer Center, 4805 N.E. Glisan St., North Tower, Suite 2N87, Portland, OR 97213 USA.
authors.forename: David B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Page
authors.affiliation: Earle A. Chiles Research Institute / Providence Portland Cancer Center, 4805 N.E. Glisan St., North Tower, Suite 2N87, Portland, OR 97213 USA.|Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR USA.
authors.forename: Tyler W
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Hulett
authors.affiliation: UbiVac, Inc., Portland, OR USA.
authors.forename: Traci L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Hilton
authors.affiliation: UbiVac, Inc., Portland, OR USA.
authors.forename: Hong-Ming
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Earle A. Chiles Research Institute / Providence Portland Cancer Center, 4805 N.E. Glisan St., North Tower, Suite 2N87, Portland, OR 97213 USA.
authors.forename: Walter J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Urba
authors.affiliation: Earle A. Chiles Research Institute / Providence Portland Cancer Center, 4805 N.E. Glisan St., North Tower, Suite 2N87, Portland, OR 97213 USA.|UbiVac, Inc., Portland, OR USA.|Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR USA.
authors.forename: Bernard A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Fox
keywords: Autophagosome; Autophagy; Bortezomib; Cross-presentation; DPV-001; DRibbles; Immunotherapy; Vaccine