title: Toxic and adjuvant effects of silica nanoparticles on ovalbumin-induced allergic airway inflammation in mice.
abstract: Silica nanoparticles (SNPs) can easily enter in respiratory system via inhalation because of their low molecular weight and ease of dispersion. Toxicity and adverse effects of SNPs vary according to the physical characteristics of the particle.
  
  
  
  To evaluate the toxic and adjuvant effects of 3 types of SNPs in the airway system, six-week-old female BALB/c mice were intranasally administered 3 types of SNPs (spherical [S-SNP], mesoporous [M-SNP], and polyethylene glycol-conjugated [P-SNP]) alone or SNPs/ovalbumin (OVA), three times weekly for 2 weeks. Airway hyper-responsiveness (AHR), bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), cytokine levels, and histology of the lungs were analyzed.
  
  
  
  The S-SNPs/OVA group and M-SNPs/OVA group showed significant AHR, compared to the control group. Among all SNP-treated groups, the group administered SNPs/OVA showed greater inflammatory cell infiltration in BALF, extensive pathological changes, and higher cytokine levels (IL-5, IL-13, IL-1β, and IFN-γ) than those administered SNPs alone or saline/OVA.
  
  
  
  Exposure to SNPs alone and SNPs/OVA induced toxicity in the respiratory system. SNPs alone showed significant toxic effects on the airway system. Meanwhile, SNPs/OVA exerted adjuvant effects to OVA of inducing allergic airway inflammation. In particular, M-SNPs showed the most severe airway inflammation in both direct toxicity and adjuvant effect assays. P-SNPs induced less inflammation than the other types of SNPs in both models.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Allergy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Heejae
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Allergy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Yoon Hee
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Allergy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.|Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Allergy and Immunology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hye Jung
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Kangtaek
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Kiju
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Um
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Allergy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.|Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Allergy and Immunology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jung-Won
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Allergy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea. jhleemd@yuhs.ac.|Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Allergy and Immunology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea. jhleemd@yuhs.ac.|Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Allergy and Immunology, Institute of Allergy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, 120-752, Seoul, Republic of Korea. jhleemd@yuhs.ac.
authors.forename: Jae-Hyun
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016535:Bronchial Hyperreactivity / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000503:physiopathology; D001992:Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid / Q000737:chemistry; D016084:Bronchoconstriction / Q000187:drug effects; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism; D019570:Inhalation Exposure; D008168:Lung / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D010047:Ovalbumin; D011014:Pneumonia / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000633:toxicity; D016062:Porosity; D012822:Silicon Dioxide / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D012822:Silicon Dioxide; D010047:Ovalbumin
keywords: Adjuvant effect; Airway Inflammation; Nanoparticle; PEGylation; Silica; Toxicity