title: Identifying Barriers to Appropriate Use of Metabolic/Bariatric Surgery for Type 2 Diabetes Treatment: Policy Lab Results.
abstract: Despite increasing recognition of the efficacy, safety, and cost-effectiveness of bariatric/metabolic surgery in the treatment of type 2 diabetes, few patients who may be appropriate candidates and may benefit from this type of surgery avail themselves of this treatment option. To identify conceptual and practical barriers to appropriate use of surgical procedures, a Policy Lab was hosted at the 3rd World Congress on Interventional Therapies for Type 2 Diabetes on 29 September 2015. Twenty-six stakeholders participated in the Policy Lab, including academics, clinicians, policy-makers, industry leaders, and patient representatives. Participants were provided with a summary of available evidence about the cost-effectiveness of bariatric/metabolic surgery and the costs of increasing the use of bariatric/metabolic surgery, using U.K. and U.S. scenarios as examples of distinct health care systems. There was widespread agreement among this group of stakeholders that bariatric/metabolic surgery is a legitimate and cost-effective approach to the treatment of type 2 diabetes in obese patients. The following four building blocks were identified to facilitate policy changes: 1) communicating the scale of the costs and harms associated with rising prevalence of type 2 diabetes; 2) properly articulating the role of bariatric/metabolic surgery for certain population groups; 3) identifying new funding sources for bariatric/metabolic surgery; and 4) incorporating bariatric/metabolic surgery into the appropriate clinical pathways. Although more research is needed to identify specific clinical scenarios for the prioritization of bariatric/metabolic surgery, the case appears to be strong enough to engage relevant policy-makers and practitioners in a concerted discussion of how to better use metabolic surgical resources in conjunction with other interventions in good diabetes practice.
authors.affiliation: The Policy Institute at King's, King's College London, London, U.K.
authors.forename: Jennifer K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Rubin
authors.affiliation: The Policy Institute at King's, King's College London, London, U.K. saba.hinrichs@kcl.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Saba
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-9043-8847
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hinrichs-Krapels
authors.affiliation: The Policy Institute at King's, King's College London, London, U.K.
authors.forename: Rachel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hesketh
authors.affiliation: RAND Europe, Cambridge, U.K.
authors.forename: Adam
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.affiliation: University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI.
authors.forename: William H
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Herman
authors.affiliation: Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery, Division of Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences, King's College London and King's College Hospital, London, U.K.
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Rubino
mesh_terms: D050110:Bariatric Surgery / Q000191:economics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D003226:Congresses as Topic; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications / Q000191:economics / Q000601:surgery*; D006291:Health Policy; D006295:Health Resources; D006801:Humans; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications / Q000191:economics / Q000601:surgery*; D006113:United Kingdom; D014481:United States