title: The Association between Central Adiposity and Autonomic Dysfunction in Obesity.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the relationship between central adiposity parameters and autonomic nervous system (ANS) dysfunction.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study included 114 obese individuals without any cardiovascular risk factors. Weight (in kg), height (in m), and waist circumference (WC; in cm) were measured and body mass index was calculated. Echocardiographic examination was performed to measure left ventricular mass and epicardial fat thickness (EFT). All the participants underwent an exercise test and electrophysiological evaluation using electromyography. Heart rate recovery (HRR) at 1-5 min, R-R interval variation at rest and during hyperventilation, and sympathetic skin response were measured. Pearson's correlation analysis was used. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to identify the factors associated with autonomic dysfunction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The HRR at 1-5 min was negatively correlated with WC and age (WC-HRR1: r = -0.32; WC-HRR2: r = -0.31; WC-HRR3: r = -0.26; WC-HRR4: r = -0.23; WC-HRR5: r = -0.21; age-HRR2: r = -0.32; age-HRR3: r = -0.28; age-HRR4: r = -0.41; age-HRR5: r = -0.42). Age was the only independent predictor of reduced HRR at 1-5 min. In addition, WC predicted a reduced HRR at 3 min. There were no significant associations between central obesity and electrophysiological parameters. EFT was not associated with ANS dysfunction.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this study, central adiposity and aging were associated with ANS dysfunction in obese individuals. The WC could be a marker of ANS dysfunction in obese individuals without any cardiovascular risk factors. The HRR assessment at a later decay phase could be more valuable for evaluating ANS function than during early recovery.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey.
authors.forename: Güzin
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Fidan-Yaylali
authors.forename: Yalin Tolga
authors.initials: YT
authors.lastname: Yaylali
authors.forename: Çağdaş
authors.initials: Ç
authors.lastname: Erdogan
authors.forename: Beray
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Can
authors.forename: Hande
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Senol
authors.forename: Bengi
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gedik-Topçu
authors.forename: Senay
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Topsakal
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D001342:Autonomic Nervous System Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001794:Blood Pressure; D015992:Body Mass Index; D001837:Body Weights and Measures; D004562:Electrocardiography; D004576:Electromyography; D005080:Exercise Test; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D055105:Waist Circumference; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D008055:Lipids