title: The effect of red grape seed extract on serum paraoxonase activity in patients with mild to moderate hyperlipidemia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Red grape seed extract (RGSE) contains oligomeric proanthocyanidin complexes as a class of flavonoids. These compounds are potent antioxidants and exert many health-promoting effects. This study aimed to determine the effects of RGSE on serum levels of triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), apolipoprotein AI (apo-AI) levels and paraoxonase (PON) activity in patients with mild to moderate hyperlipidemia (MMH).
  
  
  METHODS
  A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted at Shahid-Modarres Hospital (Tehran, Iran) and Tabriz University of Medical Sciences. Seventy MMH patients were randomly assigned to receive treatment (200 mg/day of RGSE) or placebo for eight weeks.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significant elevation in serum levels of apo-AI (P = 0.001), HDL-C (P = 0.001) and PON activity (P = 0.001) and marked decreases in concentrations of TC (P = 0.015), TG (P = 0.011) and LDL-C (P = 0.014) were found in the cases. PON activity was significantly correlated with apo-AI (r = 0.270; P < 0.01) and HDL-C (r = 0.45; P < 0.001). Significant differences between the RGSE and control groups (before and after treatment) for TC (P = 0.001), TG (P = 0.001), PON (P = 0.03), apo-AI (P = 0.001) and LDL-C (P = 0.002) were seen.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It is possible that RGSE increases PON activity mostly through increasing HDL-C and apo-AI levels in MMH patients. It may thus have potential beneficial effects in preventing oxidative stress and atherosclerosis in these patients.
authors.affiliation: MD. Professor, Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
authors.forename: Hassan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Argani
authors.affiliation: MSc, PhD. Professor, Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
authors.forename: Amir
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ghorbanihaghjo
authors.affiliation: MSc. Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
authors.forename: Hamid
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Vatankhahan
authors.affiliation: MSc, PhD. Professor, Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
authors.forename: Nadereh
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Rashtchizadeh
authors.affiliation: MSc. Doctoral Student, Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
authors.forename: Sina
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Raeisi
authors.affiliation: MSc. Doctoral Student, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
authors.forename: Hadi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ilghami
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D043303:Aryldialkylphosphatase / Q000097:blood*; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D056604:Grape Seed Extract / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D006949:Hyperlipidemias / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008075:Lipoproteins, HDL / Q000097:blood; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010919:Placebos; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D056604:Grape Seed Extract; D008075:Lipoproteins, HDL; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL; D010919:Placebos; D014280:Triglycerides; D002784:Cholesterol; D043303:Aryldialkylphosphatase