title: Exosome: A Novel Approach to Stimulate Bone Regeneration through Regulation of Osteogenesis and Angiogenesis.
abstract: The clinical need for effective bone regeneration therapy remains in huge demands. However, the current "gold standard" treatments of autologous and allogeneic bone grafts may result in various complications. Furthermore, safety considerations of biomaterials and cell-based treatment require further clarification. Therefore, developing new therapies with stronger osteogenic potential and a lower incidence of complications is worthwhile. Recently, exosomes, small vesicles of endocytic origin, have attracted attention in bone regeneration field. The vesicles travel between cells and deliver functional cargoes, such as proteins and RNAs, thereby regulating targeted cells differentiation, commitment, function, and proliferation. Much evidence has demonstrated the important roles of exosomes in osteogenesis both in vitro and in vivo. In this review, we summarize the properties, origins and biogenesis of exosomes, and the recent reports using exosomes to regulate osteogenesis and promote bone regeneration.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200030, China. yunhao_qin@live.cn.
authors.forename: Yunhao
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Qin
authors.affiliation: The Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, the Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China. qingshuiqiuqian@126.com.
authors.forename: Ruixin
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Department of Orthopaedics Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China. challengewu1988@163.com.
authors.forename: Chuanlong
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, Shanghai Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China. dsv_231@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Lian
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200030, China. zhangcq@sjtu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Changqing
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001861:Bone Regeneration / Q000502:physiology*; D055354:Exosomes / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D018919:Neovascularization, Physiologic / Q000502:physiology*; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000502:physiology*
keywords: bone regeneration; exosome; osteogenesis