title: Fatal acute respiratory distress by Toxoplasma gondii in a toxoplasma seronegative liver transplant recipient.
abstract: The risk of Toxoplasma gondii infection in solid organ transplant recipients is well known but mainly after heart transplantation. We discuss a case of acute respiratory distress caused by Toxoplasma gondii on Day 32 after liver transplantation. The reported case, which is extremely rare, emphasizes how direct examination and Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (QPCR) in broncholaveolar lavage help to diagnose the infection. Given Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole toxicity, systematic prescription of Toxoplasma gondii chemoprophylaxis is not commonly approved in liver transplantation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Mycology-Parasitology, Jean Minjoz University Hospital, Besançon, France.
authors.forename: Guillaume
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Miltgen
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Jean Minjoz University Hospital, Besançon, France.
authors.forename: Jonathan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Paillot
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Jean Minjoz University Hospital, Besançon, France.
authors.forename: Claire
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Vanlemmens
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Jean Minjoz University Hospital, Besançon, France.
authors.forename: Vincent
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Di Martino
authors.affiliation: Department of Liver Transplantation and Digestive Surgery, Jean Minjoz University Hospital, Besançon, France.
authors.forename: Bruno
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Heyd
authors.affiliation: Department of Mycology-Parasitology, Jean Minjoz University Hospital, Besançon, France.
authors.forename: Laurence
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Millon
authors.affiliation: Department of Mycology-Parasitology, Jean Minjoz University Hospital, Besançon, France.
authors.forename: Anne-Pauline
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Bellanger
mesh_terms: D017809:Fatal Outcome; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016867:Immunocompromised Host; D016031:Liver Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008174:Lung Diseases, Parasitic / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D014019:Tissue Donors; D014123:Toxoplasmosis / Q000473:pathology*
keywords: Bronchoalveolar lavage; Direct examination; Liver transplantation; Toxoplasmosis