title: Hybrid, sequential and concomitant therapies for Helicobacter pylori eradication: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare hybrid therapy (HT) with traditional sequential therapy (ST) and concomitant therapy (CT) for Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) eradication.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed an electronic search of PubMed, Embase, and the CENTRAL database. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of HT were included in the meta-analysis. The primary outcome was the eradication rate of H. pylori. The secondary outcomes included the compliance rate and adverse event rate. Effect estimates were pooled using the random-effects model.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twelve studies were included. Pooled results showed no significant differences in eradication rate between HT and ST in per-protocol (PP) analysis (RR = 1.03, 95%CI: 0.94-1.12, P = 0.59) or in intention-to-treat (ITT) analysis (RR = 1.00, 95%CI: 0.89-1.12, P = 0.94). HT and ST showed similarly high compliance rate (96% vs 98%, P = 0.55) and acceptable adverse event rate (30.3% vs 28.2%, P = 0.63). No significant results were seen in the eradication rate between HT and CT in PP analysis (RR = 1.01, 95%CI: 0.96-1.05, P = 0.76) or in ITT analysis (RR = 0.99, 95%CI: 0.95-1.03, P = 0.47). HT displayed a slightly higher compliance rate than CT (95.8% vs 93.2%, P < 0.05). The adverse event rates of HT and CT were similar (39.5% vs 44.2%, P = 0.24).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Compared with ST or CT, HT yields a similar eradication rate, high compliance rate, and acceptable safety profiles.
authors.affiliation: Zhi-Qiang Song, Li-Ya Zhou, Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China.
authors.forename: Zhi-Qiang
authors.initials: ZQ
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: Zhi-Qiang Song, Li-Ya Zhou, Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China.
authors.forename: Li-Ya
authors.initials: LY
authors.lastname: Zhou
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D016481:Helicobacter Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology; D016480:Helicobacter pylori / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000472:pathogenicity; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010349:Patient Compliance; D054328:Proton Pump Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D012074:Remission Induction; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D054328:Proton Pump Inhibitors
keywords: Concomitant therapy; Helicobacter pylori; Hybrid therapy; Meta-analysis; Sequential therapy