title: Odor composition analysis and odor indicator selection during sewage sludge composting.
abstract: On the basis of total temperature increase, normal dehydration, and maturity, the odor compositions of surface and internal piles in a well-run sewage sludge compost plant were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry with a liquid nitrogen cooling system and a portable odor detector. Approximately 80 types of substances were detected, including 2 volatile inorganic compounds, 4 sulfur organic compounds, 16 benzenes, 27 alkanes, 15 alkenes, and 19 halogenated compounds. Most pollutants were mainly produced in the mesophilic and pre-thermophilic periods. The sulfur volatile organic compounds contributed significantly to odor and should be controlled primarily. Treatment strategies should be based on the properties of sulfur organic compounds. Hydrogen sulfide, methyl mercaptan, dimethyl disulfide, dimethyl sulfide, ammonia, and carbon disulfide were selected as core indicators. Ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, carbon disulfide, dimethyl disulfide, methyl mercaptan, dimethylbenzene, phenylpropane, and isopentane were designated as concentration indicators. Benzene, m-xylene, p-xylene, dimethylbenzene, dichloromethane, toluene, chlorobenzene, trichloromethane, carbon tetrachloride, and ethylbenzene were selected as health indicators. According to the principle of odor pollution indicator selection, dimethyl disulfide was selected as an odor pollution indicator of sewage sludge composting. Monitoring dimethyl disulfide provides a highly scientific method for modeling and evaluating odor pollution from sewage sludge composting facilities.
  
  
  
  Composting is one of the most important methods for sewage sludge treatment and improving the low organic matter content of many agricultural soils. However, odors are inevitably produced during the composting process. Understanding the production and emission patterns of odors is important for odor control and treatment. Core indicators, concentration indicators, and health indicators provide an index system to odor evaluation. An odor pollution indicator provides theoretical support for further modelling and evaluating odor pollution from sewage sludge composting facilities.
authors.affiliation: a Center for Environmental Remediation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yan-Li
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: a Center for Environmental Remediation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Guo-di
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.affiliation: a Center for Environmental Remediation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Ding
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: a Center for Environmental Remediation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Tong-Bin
authors.initials: TB
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: b State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Fang-Kun
authors.initials: FK
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: a Center for Environmental Remediation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Ming-Jie
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Niu
authors.affiliation: c State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Odor Control , Tianjin , People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Ke-Hua
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Zou
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D000397:Air Pollution / Q000032:analysis*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D009812:Odorants / Q000032:analysis*; D012722:Sewage / Q000737:chemistry*; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D012722:Sewage; D012987:Soil