title: The Human Papillomavirus and Its Role in Plantar Warts: A Comprehensive Review of Diagnosis and Management.
abstract: Viral warts or verruca pedis (plantar warts) are common skin conditions seen in both children and adults. Human papilloma virus (HPV), a DNA virus, is responsible for plantar verrucae. It needs an epidermal abrasion and a transiently impaired immune system to inoculate a keratinocyte. These entities are a therapeutic conundrum for many practitioners. This article discusses HPV infiltration and its subtypes involved in plantar warts; the evaluation of patients with plantar warts; and subsequent treatment options, such as laser, Candida albicans immunotherapy, topical therapy such as phytotherapy, and surgical excision.
authors.affiliation: Department of Podiatric Medicine, Temple University School of Podiatric Medicine, 148 North 8th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA. Electronic address: traceyv@temple.edu.
authors.forename: Tracey C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Vlahovic
authors.affiliation: Marigold Clinic, The Royal London Hospital for Integrated Medicine, University College London Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, 60 Great Ormond Street, London WC1N 3HR, UK; Department of Dermatology, Barts Health Trust, London, UK; EB Department, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Sick Children, London, UK; St George Medical School, University of New South Wales, New South Wales, Australia; Department of Podiatric Medicine, Temple University School of Podiatric Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
authors.forename: M Tariq
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Khan
mesh_terms: D005534:Foot Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy* / Q000821:virology; D006801:Humans; D027383:Papillomaviridae; D014860:Warts / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy* / Q000821:virology
keywords: Candida; Laser; Marigold; Plantar verruca; Plantar wart; Retinoid