title: Patient-derived Tumor Models for Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Gliomas.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas represent a unique subtype of primary brain tumors occuring in a specific location and age. Their growth demonstrates early invasion and, following diagnosis, rapid growth not responsive to common therapies. Until recently, the genetic and cellular basis of these tumors was unknown. Genetic evidence implicates mutations in the histone genes in the origin of these tumors.
  
  
  METHODS
  Surgical biopsies performed on selected patients have resulted in the establishment of anatomically accurate mouse models that have been used to examine patterns of growth and response to new therapeutic agents.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Human derived pontine glioma models recapitulate the invasive patterns of growth. The grade of the original tumor affects the latency of tumor growth after implantation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The use of human-derived xenograft models allows for improved pre-clinical testing of new therapeutic targets in a tumor- and organ-specific manner.
authors.forename: Rintaro
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hashizume
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, 505 Parnassus Ave., Room M779, 550 16th Street, 4th Floor, San Francisco, California 94143-0137, USA.
authors.forename: Nalin
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Gupta
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D020295:Brain Stem Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy*; D005910:Glioma / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D011149:Pons / Q000473:pathology*; D014183:Transplantation, Heterologous