title: Type D personality is related to severity of acute coronary syndrome in patients with recurrent cardiovascular disease.
abstract: To investigate the relationship between Type D (distressed) personality and cardiac biomarkers of disease severity in patients with acute coronary syndrome. To identify potential mechanisms behind the effect of Type D personality on cardiovascular disease (CVD).
  
  
  
  Cross-sectional.
  
  
  
  Patients (N = 215) with acute coronary syndrome completed a survey including a measure of Type D personality. Blood samples including a lipid profile and cardiac enzymes were taken within 3 days after the cardiovascular event. Data were analysed using simple correlations, multiple regressions, and mediation analyses.
  
  
  
  Type D personality was more predictive of severity of the acute coronary syndrome among patients with previous CVD compared to patients without previous CVD. Among patients with previous CVD, Type D personality was associated with the presence of ST elevation (R(2)  =.07) and more damage to the myocardium as indicated by higher troponin-I (R(2)  = .05) and myoglobin (R(2)  = .07) levels. These effects were independent from demographics, CV risk factors, and depression. Lower HDL cholesterol levels mediated the relationship between Type D personality and disease severity (Κ(2)  = .12 [95% CI 0.02, 0.28]) for myoglobin and Κ(2)  = .08 [95% CI 0.01, 0.21] for troponin-I).
  
  
  
  Type D personality was related to a worse lipid profile and more severe acute coronary syndrome in patients with previous history of CVD. Given the strong relationship between disease severity and subsequent mortality, these results suggest that severity of the myocardial infarction may be a potential mechanism explaining increased mortality in Type D patients with recurrent CVD. Statement of contribution What is already known on this subject? Type D personality has been related to worse outcomes in cardiac patients. However, recent studies show mixed results, suggesting the need to clarify potential mechanisms. What does this study add? Type D personality is related to severity of acute coronary syndrome in patients with previous history of cardiovascular disease. This effect is partially accounted for by lower HDL levels in Type D patients. Disease severity is a potential mechanism by which Type D personality may affect cardiovascular health of patients with recurrent CVD.
authors.affiliation: Mind, Brain, and Behavior Research Center, University of Granada, Spain.|Center for Adaptive Behavior and Cognition, Max Plank Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Rocio
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Garcia-Retamero
authors.affiliation: Mind, Brain, and Behavior Research Center, University of Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: Dafina
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-0346-6776
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Petrova
authors.affiliation: Cardiology Department, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Arrebola-Moreno
authors.affiliation: Mind, Brain, and Behavior Research Center, University of Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: Andrés
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Catena
authors.affiliation: Cardiology Department, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: José A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Ramírez-Hernández
mesh_terms: D054058:Acute Coronary Syndrome / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000523:psychology*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction; D012008:Recurrence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D064415:Type D Personality
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D008055:Lipids
keywords: Type D personality; acute coronary syndrome; cardiovascular risk; distressed personality