title: An Internal Focus Leads to Longer Quiet Eye Durations in Novice Dart Players.
abstract: While the benefits of both an external focus of attention (FOA) and of a longer quiet eye (QE) duration have been well researched in a wide range of sporting activities, little is known about the interaction of these two phenomena and how a potential interaction might influence performance. It was this study's aim to investigate the interaction and potential effect on performance by using typical FOA instructions in a dart throwing task and examining both the QE and performance outcome. The results replicate neither the benefit of an external FOA nor the benefit of a longer QE duration. However, an interaction was observed, as QE was prolonged by an earlier onset and later offset in the internal focus condition only. As the typical effect of a performance benefit due to an external focus could not be replicated, the interaction must be interpreted with caution. The results are discussed and interpreted in light of the inhibition hypothesis and possible avenues for future research are suggested.
authors.affiliation: Institut für Sportwissenschaft, University of Münster Münster, Germany.
authors.forename: Sydney
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Querfurth
authors.affiliation: Institut für Sportwissenschaft, University of Münster Münster, Germany.
authors.forename: Linda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Schücker
authors.affiliation: Institut für Sportwissenschaft, University of Münster Münster, Germany.
authors.forename: Marc H E
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: de Lussanet
authors.affiliation: Institut für Sportwissenschaft, University of Münster Münster, Germany.
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Zentgraf
keywords: darts; gaze behavior; inhibition hypothesis; internal and external attentional focus; quiet eye