title: Properties and biotechnological applications of ice-binding proteins in bacteria.
abstract: Ice-binding proteins (IBPs), such as antifreeze proteins (AFPs) and ice-nucleating proteins (INPs), have been described in diverse cold-adapted organisms, and their potential applications in biotechnology have been recognized in various fields. Currently, both IBPs are being applied to biotechnological processes, primarily in medicine and the food industry. However, our knowledge regarding the diversity of bacterial IBPs is limited; few studies have purified and characterized AFPs and INPs from bacteria. Phenotypically verified IBPs have been described in members belonging to Gammaproteobacteria, Actinobacteria and Flavobacteriia classes, whereas putative IBPs have been found in Gammaproteobacteria, Alphaproteobacteria and Bacilli classes. Thus, the main goal of this minireview is to summarize the current information on bacterial IBPs and their application in biotechnology, emphasizing the potential application in less explored fields such as agriculture. Investigations have suggested the use of INP-producing bacteria antagonists and AFPs-producing bacteria (or their AFPs) as a very attractive strategy to prevent frost damages in crops. UniProt database analyses of reported IBPs (phenotypically verified) and putative IBPs also show the limited information available on bacterial IBPs and indicate that major studies are required.
authors.affiliation: Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias de Recursos Naturales, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile.
authors.forename: Fernanda P
authors.initials: FP
authors.lastname: Cid
authors.affiliation: Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias de Recursos Naturales, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile.
authors.forename: Joaquín I
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: Rilling
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada.
authors.forename: Steffen P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Graether
authors.affiliation: Center of Plant, Soil Interaction and Natural Resources Biotechnology, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile Departamento de Ciencias Agronómicas y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Forestales, Universidad de la Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile.
authors.forename: Leon A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Bravo
authors.affiliation: Center of Plant, Soil Interaction and Natural Resources Biotechnology, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile.
authors.forename: María de La Luz
authors.initials: Mde L
authors.lastname: Mora
authors.affiliation: Center of Plant, Soil Interaction and Natural Resources Biotechnology, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile milko.jorquera@ufrontera.cl.
authors.forename: Milko A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Jorquera
mesh_terms: D000383:Agriculture / Q000379:methods; D021301:Antifreeze Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D001419:Bacteria / Q000145:classification / Q000378:metabolism*; D001425:Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D001709:Biotechnology / Q000379:methods*; D003460:Crystallization; D005615:Freezing; D020563:Gammaproteobacteria / Q000378:metabolism; D007053:Ice; D008958:Models, Molecular
chemical_list: D021301:Antifreeze Proteins; D001425:Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D007053:Ice; C063113:ice nucleation protein
keywords: Antarctic bacteria; antifreeze proteins; ice-binding proteins; ice-nucleating proteins; psychrophilic bacteria