title: Incidence and Mortality of Liver Cancer and Their Relationship with Development in Asia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Liver cancer (LC) is the sixth world most common cancer and the second leading cause of cancer death. Due to the importance and necessity of awareness about the incidence and mortality of diseases to perform prevention programs, this study focused on data for LC and its relationship with the human development index (HDI) and its components in Asia in 2012.
  
  
  METHODS
  This ecological study was based on GLOBOCAN data for Asian countries. We assessed correlations between standardized incidence rates (SIR) and standardized mortality rates (SMR) of LC with HDI and its components using of SPSS18.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 582,420 incident cases and 557,097 deaths were recorded in Asian countries in 2012. The five with the highest SIR were Mongolia, Lao PDR, Vietnam, Republic of Korea and Thailand and those with the highest SMR were Mongolia, Lao PDR, Vietnam, Cambodia and Thailand. A negative relation was observed between HDI and LC for SIR of 0.049 (P=0.748) and for SMR of 0.07 (P=0.645), with life expectancy at birth a positive relation for SIR of 0.061 (P=0.687) and a negative relation for SMR of 0.079 (P=0.603), with the average years of education a negative relation fo SIR of 0.476 (p=0.952) and for SMR of 0.032 (P=0.832), and with the country income level per person a negative relation for SMI of 0.11 (p=0.465) and for SMR of 0.113 (P=0.455).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The incidence of LC is more in less developed and developing countries but statistically significant correlations were not found between standardized incidence and mortality rates of LC, and HDI and its dimensions.
authors.affiliation: Health Promotion Research Center, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health , Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran E-mail : alesaleh70@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Maryam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mohammadian
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Soroush
authors.forename: Abdollah
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mohammadian-Hafshejani
authors.forename: Farhad
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Towhidi
authors.forename: Fatemeh
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Hadadian
authors.forename: Hamid
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Salehiniya
mesh_terms: D001208:Asia / Q000453:epidemiology; D006803:Human Development; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008017:Life Expectancy; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000401:mortality*; D009026:Mortality / Q000639:trends*; D011379:Prognosis