title: Inducible limb-shaking transitory ischemic attacks: a video-documented case report and review of the literature.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Limb-shaking transient ischemic attack (TIA) is a well-recognized, but rare observation in contralateral carotid steno-occlusive disease. Consequently, most clinicians have not had the chance to witness an attack.
  
  
  METHODS
  We present the story of a 64-year old gentleman with exercise-induced weakness associated with tremor in his right arm. His left internal carotid artery was occluded at the bifurcation. Administration of statin and antiplatelet did not relieve his symptoms, and his stereotypic, exercise-induced "limb-shaking" episodes persisted. He underwent successful extracranial to intracranial (EC-IC) bypass, which stopped his symptoms. The patient, however, returned to our department and reported that he was able to recreate his original symptoms by compressing the bypass graft manually.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  To our knowledge, this is the first case with video documentation of the clinical appearance of a limb-shaking TIA. We hope this case report will increase the physicians' understanding of the clinical nature of limb-shaking TIAs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University of Copenhagen, Bispebjerg Hospital, Bispebjerg Bakke 23, Copenhagen, DK-2400, NV, Denmark. sverrebaum@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Sverre
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rosenbaum
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University of Copenhagen, Bispebjerg Hospital, Bispebjerg Bakke 23, Copenhagen, DK-2400, NV, Denmark.
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ovesen
authors.affiliation: Intermountain Stroke Center, 5292 College Dr 204, Salt Lake City, UT, 84123, USA.
authors.forename: Nancy
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Futrell
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University of Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, Copenhagen, DK-2100, Denmark.
authors.forename: Derk W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Krieger
mesh_terms: D001132:Arm; D002343:Carotid Artery, Internal / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery; D016893:Carotid Stenosis / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery; D002548:Cerebral Revascularization; D004282:Documentation / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D002546:Ischemic Attack, Transient / Q000150:complications*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D014202:Tremor / Q000209:etiology*; D014741:Video Recording
keywords: Carotid occlusion; EC-IC bypass; Limb-shaking TIA; Stroke