title: Comparison of Cas9 activators in multiple species.
abstract: Several programmable transcription factors exist based on the versatile Cas9 protein, yet their relative potency and effectiveness across various cell types and species remain unexplored. Here, we compare Cas9 activator systems and examine their ability to induce robust gene expression in several human, mouse, and fly cell lines. We also explore the potential for improved activation through the combination of the most potent activator systems, and we assess the role of cooperativity in maximizing gene expression.
authors.affiliation: Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.|Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.|Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
authors.forename: Alejandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chavez
authors.affiliation: Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
authors.forename: Marcelle
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tuttle
authors.affiliation: Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
authors.forename: Benjamin W
authors.initials: BW
authors.lastname: Pruitt
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
authors.forename: Ben
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ewen-Campen
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
authors.forename: Raj
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Chari
authors.affiliation: Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.|Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
authors.forename: Dmitry
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ter-Ovanesyan
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Middlebury College, Middlebury, VT, USA.|Department of Mathematics, Middlebury College, Middlebury, VT, USA.
authors.forename: Sabina J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Haque
authors.affiliation: Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
authors.forename: Ryan J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Cecchi
authors.affiliation: Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
authors.forename: Emma J K
authors.initials: EJK
authors.lastname: Kowal
authors.affiliation: Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
authors.forename: Joanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Buchthal
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
authors.forename: Benjamin E
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Housden
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.|Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
authors.forename: Norbert
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Perrimon
authors.affiliation: Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.|Institute for Medical Engineering & Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.|Synthetic Biology Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.|Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.|Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
authors.forename: James J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Collins
authors.affiliation: Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.|Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Church
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D064130:CRISPR-Associated Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004331:Drosophila melanogaster / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D016334:Genes, vpr; D005818:Genetic Engineering; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000378:metabolism*; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D064130:CRISPR-Associated Proteins; D015534:Trans-Activators; D014157:Transcription Factors