title: Workplace spirituality in health care: an integrated review of the literature.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim is to describe workplace spirituality as a concept and phenomenon in health care and to explore the points of view from which it has been studied in nursing.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Personnel in nursing are ageing and recruitment is challenging; workplace spirituality might benefit both employees and organisations. Workplace spirituality has three levels - individual, group and organisational - and presents different components at each level.
  
  
  RESULTS
  An integrated literature search identified 632 studies; after screening for relevance and quality, we identified eight peer-reviewed articles. The data were analysed with qualitative content analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Workplace spirituality in nursing is mostly defined and researched from the individual viewpoint. The definition includes dimensions of inner life, meaningful work, interconnectedness, transcendence and alignment between values.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A sense of community and meaningful work are the most important dimensions of workplace spirituality in health care. Group and organisational levels of workplace spirituality are the most important and still the least studied. Research is concentrated in Canada and Asia; more research in Europe is needed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Nurse managers can enhance workplace spirituality by contributing to organisational culture and emphasising teamwork. This requires more education and training in workplace spirituality.
authors.affiliation: Unit of Nursing Science and Health Management, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland. heidi.pirkola@student.oulu.fi.|Medical Research Center Oulu (MRC Oulu), Oulu, Finland. heidi.pirkola@student.oulu.fi.
authors.forename: Heidi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Pirkola
authors.affiliation: Medical Research Center Oulu (MRC Oulu), Oulu, Finland.
authors.forename: Piia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rantakokko
authors.affiliation: Unit of Nursing Science and Health Management, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.|Medical Research Center Oulu (MRC Oulu), Oulu, Finland.
authors.forename: Marjo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Suhonen
mesh_terms: D003695:Delivery of Health Care / Q000458:organization & administration*; D006801:Humans; D009723:Nurse-Patient Relations; D015279:Organizational Culture; D029181:Spirituality; D000078329:Workforce; D017132:Workplace / Q000523:psychology*
keywords: health care; integrated literature review; nursing management; workplace spirituality