title: Preoperative prediction of anterior cruciate ligament tibial footprint size by anthropometric variables.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether the ACL tibial footprint size can be predicted by anthropometric variables including height, weight, leg length, femur length, tibia length, and anteroposterior and mediolateral diameters of proximal tibia.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study included 209 out of the 378 eligible patients. The inclusion criterion was ACL with normal gross appearance. Patients with conditions that could have affected the measurement were excluded: torn ACL, osteophyte formation around the ACL tibial attachment, presence of inflammatory arthritis, or history of knee joint infection. According to the above criteria, 169 patients were excluded from this study; 138 had torn ACL, 24 had osteophyte around the ACL footprint, 5 had history of rheumatoid arthritis, and 2 had history of previous knee joint infection. The ACL tibial footprint was carefully dissected and measured during total knee arthroplasty. Anthropometric variables regarding bone lengths were measured on radiography. The association of the ACL tibial footprint size (length and width) with anthropometric variables was analysed using simple and multiple linear regression analyses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The height, weight, leg length, femur length, tibia length, and the size of proximal tibia were associated with the ACL tibial footprint length and width. The ACL tibial footprint length could be predicted by the equation using tibia length: ACL tibial footprint length = -9.361 + 0.759 * (tibia length in cm) (R2= 0.44, P < 0.001) and width by the equation using weight and tibia length: ACL tibial footprint width = -0.5615 + 0.279 * (tibia length in cm) + 0.0333 * (weight in kgs) (R2= 0.17, P < 0.001). The concordance correlation coefficient for the measured and predicted values of ACL tibial footprint length and width showed moderate and low agreement, respectively (0.61, 95 % CI 0.53-0.68; 0.30, 95 % CI 0.21-0.38).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The ACL tibial footprint length and width are associated with anthropometric variables, especially with tibial length. The predictive equation developed from this study can serve as supplementary guides to determine the surgical techniques and graft options in preoperative planning of an individual ACL reconstruction.
  
  
  METHODS
  IV.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, 102 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 06973, South Korea.
authors.forename: Yong-Beom
authors.initials: YB
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06351, South Korea. chulwon.ha@gmail.com.|Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, 06351, South Korea. chulwon.ha@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Chul-Won
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Ha
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06351, South Korea.
authors.forename: Hyung-Joo
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju National University School of Medicine, 15 Aran 13-gil, Jeju-si, Jeju, 63241, South Korea.
authors.forename: Yong-Geun
authors.initials: YG
authors.lastname: Park
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016118:Anterior Cruciate Ligament / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D000070598:Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries; D000886:Anthropometry / Q000379:methods; D001170:Arthritis, Infectious; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid; D019645:Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee; D001835:Body Weight; D005260:Female; D005269:Femur / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D007719:Knee Joint / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013977:Tibia / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery; D019737:Transplants / Q000601:surgery
keywords: Anterior cruciate ligament; Prediction; Size; Tibial footprint