title: Controlled Sculpture of Black Phosphorus Nanoribbons.
abstract: Black phosphorus (BP) is a highly anisotropic allotrope of phosphorus with great promise for fast functional electronics and optoelectronics. We demonstrate the controlled structural modification of few-layer BP along arbitrary crystal directions with sub-nanometer precision for the formation of few-nanometer-wide armchair and zigzag BP nanoribbons. Nanoribbons are fabricated, along with nanopores and nanogaps, using a combination of mechanical-liquid exfoliation and in situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning TEM nanosculpting. We predict that the few-nanometer-wide BP nanoribbons realized experimentally possess clear one-dimensional quantum confinement, even when the systems are made up of a few layers. The demonstration of this procedure is key for the development of BP-based electronics, optoelectronics, thermoelectrics, and other applications in reduced dimensions.
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Masih Das
authors.forename: Gopinath
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Danda
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, Applied Physics, and Astronomy, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute , Troy, New York 12180, United States.
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cupo
authors.forename: William M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Parkin
authors.affiliation: Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory , Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States.
authors.forename: Liangbo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, Applied Physics, and Astronomy, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute , Troy, New York 12180, United States.
authors.forename: Neerav
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kharche
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States.
authors.forename: Xi
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Ling
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States.
authors.forename: Shengxi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States.
authors.forename: Mildred S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Dresselhaus
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, Applied Physics, and Astronomy, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute , Troy, New York 12180, United States.
authors.forename: Vincent
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Meunier
authors.forename: Marija
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Drndić
keywords: armchair; few-layer black phosphorus; nanopore; nanoribbon; phosphorene; zigzag