title: Demographic and Obstetric Outcomes of Pregnancies conceived by Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART) compared to Non-ART Pregnancies.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Use of assisted reproductive technology has increased steadily, yet multiple socioeconomic and demographic disparities remain between the general population and those with infertility. Additionally, both mothers and infants experience higher rates of adverse outcomes compared to their non-ART counterparts.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision (ICD-9) coding, we performed a retrospective review of all ART-conceived deliveries in California in 2009. A total of 551 ART pregnancies were compared to Non-ART pregnancies (n=406,885).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The majority of ART deliveries belonged to women of advanced maternal age (AMA) and Caucasian or Asian race. Nearly half of all ART deliveries were multiple gestations. Compared to non-ART deliveries, ART pregnancies were associated with placenta previa, placental abruption, mild preeclampsia, and fetal growth restriction.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  While not powered to detect all outcomes, our study highlights significant racial and ethnic disparities between ART and Non-ART pregnancies.
authors.affiliation: University of California, Irvine, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Orange, CA.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Johnston
authors.affiliation: Miller Children's Hospital - Long Beach Memorial Medical Center, Long Beach, CA.
authors.forename: Alex
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fong
authors.affiliation: University of California, Irvine, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Orange, CA.
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lovell
authors.affiliation: Oakland University, William Beaumont School of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Rochester, MI.
authors.forename: Paul S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Sobolewski
authors.affiliation: Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Los Angeles, CA.
authors.forename: Steve
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rad
authors.affiliation: Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Los Angeles, CA.
authors.forename: Aaron
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Turner
keywords: ART pregnancy; IVF pregnancy; high-risk pregnancies