title: Pelvic Incidence in Patients with Hip Osteoarthritis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hip osteoarthritis (OA) is a major cause of pain and disability that results in considerable social and medical costs. Mechanics such as posture, alignment and orientation of the hips and the spinal column and the relationship between these factors have been implicated in the development of both hip and spine pathologies. This study aims to test the hypothesis if pelvic incidence varies in patients with and without osteoarthritis. We assessed the relationship between spinopelvic alignment as measured by pelvic incidence (PI) and the presence of hip OA.
  
  
  METHODS
  We collected supine pelvis CT scans of 1,012 consecutive patients not known to have hip OA. Our first group consisted of 95 patients with moderate to severe hip OA as per radiology reports. The second group included 87 patients with no evidence of hip OA. Power analysis revealed the need for 77 patients per group to find a mean difference in PI of 5° or less between both groups. Two trained physicians independently measured the PI to account for inter-observer reliability.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients with moderate to severe hip OA had a mean PI of 56.5°±12.8°. The mean PI for patients without hip OA was 57.2°±7.5°. An independent samples t-test revealed no significant difference between the PI values of the two groups. Spearman's correlation coefficient of 0.754 demonstrated a high inter-observer reliability.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There was no difference in PI angle of hip OA patients and "healthy" patients. Our measurements of patients without OA were almost identical to the reported normal PI values in the literature. It appears that hip OA is not associated with PI angle, refuting the hypothesis made in previous studies, stating that elevated PI contributes to the future development of hip arthritis. CT scan seems to be a reliable and accurate way of assessing pelvic incidence.
authors.affiliation: Rothman Institute of Orthopaedics, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Ibrahim J
authors.initials: IJ
authors.lastname: Raphael
authors.affiliation: Rothman Institute of Orthopaedics, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Mohammad R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Rasouli
authors.affiliation: Rothman Institute of Orthopaedics, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Christopher K
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Kepler
authors.affiliation: Rothman Institute of Orthopaedics, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Santiago
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Restrepo
authors.affiliation: Rothman Institute of Orthopaedics, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Todd J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Albert
authors.affiliation: Rothman Institute of Orthopaedics, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Kris E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Radcliff
keywords: Hip osteoarthritis; Hip-Spine syndrome; Pelvic incidence