title: Defining and simulating open-ended novelty: requirements, guidelines, and challenges.
abstract: The open-endedness of a system is often defined as a continual production of novelty. Here we pin down this concept more fully by defining several types of novelty that a system may exhibit, classified as variation, innovation, and emergence. We then provide a meta-model for including levels of structure in a system's model. From there, we define an architecture suitable for building simulations of open-ended novelty-generating systems and discuss how previously proposed systems fit into this framework. We discuss the design principles applicable to those systems and close with some challenges for the community.
authors.affiliation: Department of Computer Science, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, A1B 3X5, Canada. banzhaf@mun.ca.
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Banzhaf
authors.affiliation: Department of Philosophy and Institute for Bioinformatics and Evolutionary Studies, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, 83844-3051, USA.
authors.forename: Bert
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Baumgaertner
authors.affiliation: Université de Lyon, INSA-Lyon, INRIA Beagle, CNRS LIRIS UMR5205, Villeurbanne , France.
authors.forename: Guillaume
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Beslon
authors.affiliation: BioEmergences Lab, CNRS USR3695, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.|Complex Systems Institute Paris Ile-de-France (ISC-PIF), CNRS UPS3611, Paris, France.
authors.forename: René
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Doursat
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, and Institute for Bioinformatics and Evolutionary Studies, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, 83844-3051, USA.
authors.forename: James A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Foster
authors.affiliation: Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland.
authors.forename: Barry
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: McMullin
authors.affiliation: Department of Computer Science, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, A1B 3X5, Canada.
authors.forename: Vinicius Veloso
authors.initials: VV
authors.lastname: de Melo
authors.affiliation: The Neurosciences Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Miconi
authors.affiliation: Cognitive Science, Hampshire College, Amherst, MA, 01002, USA.
authors.forename: Lee
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Spector
authors.affiliation: Department of Computer Science, and York Centre for Complex Systems Analysis, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK.
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Stepney
authors.affiliation: Department of Geography, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, A1B 3X5, Canada.
authors.forename: Roger
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: White
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D001185:Artificial Intelligence; D005075:Biological Evolution; D001695:Biology / Q000379:methods*; D003198:Computer Simulation; D006801:Humans; D008954:Models, Biological; D008957:Models, Genetic; D013598:Systems Theory
keywords: Emergence; Innovation; Major transitions; Modelling and simulation; Novelty; Open-ended evolution