title: Examining the association between serum lactic dehydrogenase and all-cause mortality in patients with metabolic syndrome: a retrospective observational study.
abstract: Emerging evidence indicates that elevated serum lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) levels are associated with increased cardiovascular mortality, but the mechanisms for this relationship remain uncertain. Since metabolic syndrome (MetS) is correlated with a higher risk of cardiovascular complications, we investigated the joint association between serum LDH levels and all-cause mortality in the US general population with MetS.
  
  
  
  Retrospective study.
  
  
  
  The USA.
  
  
  
  A retrospective observational study of 3872 adults with MetS and 7516 adults without MetS in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III was performed.
  
  
  
  Participants with and without MetS were both divided into 3 groups according to their serum LDH level. Multivariable Cox regression analyses and Kaplan-Meier survival probabilities were used to jointly relate all-cause, cardiovascular and cancer mortality risk to different serum LDH levels.
  
  
  
  For all-cause mortality in participants with MetS, multivariable adjusted HRs were 1.006 (95% CI 0.837 to 1.210; p=0.947) for serum LDH of 149-176 U/L compared with 65-149 U/L, and 1.273 (95% CI 1.049 to 1.547; p=0.015) for serum LDH of 176-668 U/L compared with 65-149 U/L.
  
  
  
  Results support a positive association between higher level of serum LDH and mortality from all causes in individuals with MetS.
authors.affiliation: Division of Family Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (ROC) School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan (ROC) Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (ROC) Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan (ROC).
authors.forename: Li-Wei
authors.initials: LW
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Division of Family Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (ROC) School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan (ROC) Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (ROC).
authors.forename: Tung-Wei
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Kao
authors.affiliation: Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan (ROC).
authors.forename: Chien-Ming
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Division of Family Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (ROC) School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan (ROC).
authors.forename: Hui-Fang
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Division of Family Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (ROC) School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan (ROC).
authors.forename: Yu-Shan
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Division of Family Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (ROC) School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan (ROC) Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (ROC) Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan (ROC).
authors.forename: Fang-Yih
authors.initials: FY
authors.lastname: Liaw
authors.affiliation: Division of Family Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (ROC) School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan (ROC).
authors.forename: Chung-Ching
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Division of Family Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (ROC) School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan (ROC).
authors.forename: Tao-Chun
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.affiliation: Division of Family Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (ROC) School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan (ROC) Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (ROC) Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan (ROC).
authors.forename: Wei-Liang
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000401:mortality*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000401:mortality*; D008875:Middle Aged; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase
keywords: metabolic syndrome; mortality; serum lactic dehydrogenase