title: Effects of consecutive monoculture of Pseudostellaria heterophylla on soil fungal community as determined by pyrosequencing.
abstract: Under consecutive monoculture, the biomass and quality of Pseudostellaria heterophylla declines significantly. In this study, a three-year field experiment was conducted to identify typical growth inhibition effects caused by extended monoculturing of P. heterophylla. Deep pyrosequencing was used to examine changes in the structure and composition of soil fungal community along a three-year gradient of monoculture. The results revealed a distinct separation between the newly planted plot and the two-year, three-year monocultured plots. The Shannon and Simpson diversity indices were significantly higher in the two-year and three-year monoculture soils than in the newly planted soil. Consecutive monoculture of this plant led to a significant increase in relative abundance of Fusarium, Trichocladium and Myrothecium and Simplicillium, etc., but a significant decrease in the relative abundance of Penicillium. Quantitative PCR analysis confirmed a significant increase in Fusarium oxysporum, an agent known to cause wilt and rot disease of P. heterophylla. Furthermore, phenolic acid mixture at a ratio similar to that found in the rhizosphere could promote mycelial growth of pathogenic F. oxysporum. Overall, this study demonstrated that consecutive monoculture of P. heterophylla can alter the fungal community in the rhizosphere, including enrichment of host-specific pathogenic fungi at the expense of plant-beneficial fungi.
authors.affiliation: College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, P. R. China.|Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Linkun
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, P. R. China.|Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, P. R. China.|Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Hongmiao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, P. R. China.|Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Juanying
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, P. R. China.|Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Yanhong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, P. R. China.|Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing and Safety Monitoring, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 35002, Fujian, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Sheng
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, P. R. China.|Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing and Safety Monitoring, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 35002, Fujian, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Muhammad Umar
authors.initials: MU
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.affiliation: Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing and Safety Monitoring, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 35002, Fujian, P. R. China.|College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Zhongyi
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, P. R. China.|Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing and Safety Monitoring, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 35002, Fujian, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Wenxiong
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Lin
mesh_terms: D000383:Agriculture; D004271:DNA, Fungal / Q000032:analysis; D005658:Fungi / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D005670:Fusarium / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D059014:High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing / Q000379:methods*; D019684:Magnoliopsida / Q000254:growth & development*; D064307:Microbiota; D010802:Phylogeny; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA / Q000379:methods; D012988:Soil Microbiology
chemical_list: D004271:DNA, Fungal