title: An evidence-based resource for the management of comorbidities associated with childhood overweight and obesity.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Overweight and obesity in children and adolescents is often accompanied by obesity-related comorbidities. An integrative review of the literature was performed to create a comprehensive algorithm to help primary care providers manage the common comorbidities associated with childhood overweight and obesity.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, ProQuest Nursing and Allied Health Source, and PubMed databases were searched. Evidence from 2002 to present was reviewed. Guidelines and algorithms from the American Academy of Pediatrics, National Association of Pediatric Nurse Practitioners, American Heart Association, American Diabetes Association, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Agency for Healthcare and Research Quality, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, and the International Diabetes Federation were also reviewed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Key information was extracted and data sources ranked according to the Polit and Beck evidence hierarchy. Highest level evidence guided the selection and development of recommendations to formulate a comprehensive resource for the recognition and management of pediatric hypertension, sleep apnea, vitamin D deficiency, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, dyslipidemia, thyroid disease, diabetes mellitus, insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, and polycystic ovarian syndrome.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Childhood Overweight and Obesity Comorbidities Resource provides a consistent, convenient point-of-care reference to help primary care providers improve pediatric health outcomes.
authors.affiliation: Stormont Vail Regional Health Center, Topeka, Kansas.
authors.forename: Nicole
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Thompson
authors.affiliation: Tallgrass Immediate Care & Family Medicine, Topeka, Kansas. bobbe.mansfield@washburn.edu.|School of Nursing, Washburn University, Topeka, Kansas. bobbe.mansfield@washburn.edu.
authors.forename: Bobbe
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Mansfield
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas.
authors.forename: Meredith
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stringer
authors.affiliation: Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, Missouri.
authors.forename: Brandy
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Stewart
authors.affiliation: Tallgrass Immediate Care & Family Medicine, Topeka, Kansas.
authors.forename: Jami
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Potter
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, Washburn University, Topeka, Kansas.|CVS Minute Clinic, Leavenworth, Kansas.
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fernengel
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015897:Comorbidity; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000451:nursing / Q000628:therapy; D019468:Disease Management; D055318:Evidence-Based Nursing / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000451:nursing / Q000628:therapy; D063766:Pediatric Obesity / Q000451:nursing / Q000628:therapy*; D013959:Thyroid Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000451:nursing / Q000628:therapy; D014481:United States
keywords: Pediatric; comorbidity; dyslipidemia; hypothyroidism; insulin resistance; metabolic syndrome; nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; overweight; polycystic ovarian syndrome; vitamin D deficiency