title: The BODY-Q: A Patient-Reported Outcome Instrument for Weight Loss and Body Contouring Treatments.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Body contouring performed for cosmetic purposes, or after weight loss, has the potential to improve body image and health-related quality of life (HRQL). The BODY-Q is a new patient-reported outcome (PRO) instrument designed to measure patient perceptions of weight loss and/or body contouring. In this article, we describe the psychometric properties of the BODY-Q scales after an international field-test.
  
  
  METHODS
  Weight loss and body contouring patients from Canada, United States, and United Kingdom were recruited between November 2013 and February 2015. Data were collected using an iPad directly into a web-based application or a questionnaire booklet. Rasch measurement theory analysis was used for item reduction and to examine reliability, validity, and ability to detect change.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The sample included 403 weight loss and 331 body contouring patients. Most BODY-Q items had ordered thresholds (134/138) and good item fit. Scale reliability was acceptable, ie, Person separation index >0.70 for 16 scales, Cronbach α ≥0.90 for 18 of 18 scales, and Test-retest ≥0.87 for 17 of 18 scales. Appearance and HRQL scores were lower in participants with more obesity-related symptoms, higher body mass index, and more excess skin and in those pre- versus postoperative body contouring. The 134 weight loss patients who completed the BODY-Q twice, either 6 weeks (weight loss/nonsurgical body contouring program) or 6 months (bariatric program) later, improved significantly on 7 appearance and 4 HRQL scales.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The BODY-Q is a clinically meaningful and scientifically sound patient-reported outcome instrument that can be used to measure outcomes in patients who undergo weight loss and/or body contouring.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Modus Outcome, Letchworth Garden City, UK; Swan Center for Plastic Surgery, Alpharetta, Ga.; Plastic and Reconstructive Department, St Georges Hospital NHS Trust, Tooting, London, United Kingdom; Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Temple Medical, Aberdeen, Scotland; School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Institute of Applied Health Sciences, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Women's College Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; and Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, N.Y.
authors.forename: Anne F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Klassen
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Modus Outcome, Letchworth Garden City, UK; Swan Center for Plastic Surgery, Alpharetta, Ga.; Plastic and Reconstructive Department, St Georges Hospital NHS Trust, Tooting, London, United Kingdom; Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Temple Medical, Aberdeen, Scotland; School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Institute of Applied Health Sciences, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Women's College Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; and Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, N.Y.
authors.forename: Stefan J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Cano
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Modus Outcome, Letchworth Garden City, UK; Swan Center for Plastic Surgery, Alpharetta, Ga.; Plastic and Reconstructive Department, St Georges Hospital NHS Trust, Tooting, London, United Kingdom; Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Temple Medical, Aberdeen, Scotland; School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Institute of Applied Health Sciences, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Women's College Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; and Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, N.Y.
authors.forename: Amy
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Alderman
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Modus Outcome, Letchworth Garden City, UK; Swan Center for Plastic Surgery, Alpharetta, Ga.; Plastic and Reconstructive Department, St Georges Hospital NHS Trust, Tooting, London, United Kingdom; Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Temple Medical, Aberdeen, Scotland; School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Institute of Applied Health Sciences, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Women's College Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; and Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, N.Y.
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Soldin
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Modus Outcome, Letchworth Garden City, UK; Swan Center for Plastic Surgery, Alpharetta, Ga.; Plastic and Reconstructive Department, St Georges Hospital NHS Trust, Tooting, London, United Kingdom; Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Temple Medical, Aberdeen, Scotland; School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Institute of Applied Health Sciences, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Women's College Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; and Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, N.Y.
authors.forename: Achilles
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Thoma
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Modus Outcome, Letchworth Garden City, UK; Swan Center for Plastic Surgery, Alpharetta, Ga.; Plastic and Reconstructive Department, St Georges Hospital NHS Trust, Tooting, London, United Kingdom; Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Temple Medical, Aberdeen, Scotland; School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Institute of Applied Health Sciences, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Women's College Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; and Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, N.Y.
authors.forename: Sam
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Robson
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Modus Outcome, Letchworth Garden City, UK; Swan Center for Plastic Surgery, Alpharetta, Ga.; Plastic and Reconstructive Department, St Georges Hospital NHS Trust, Tooting, London, United Kingdom; Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Temple Medical, Aberdeen, Scotland; School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Institute of Applied Health Sciences, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Women's College Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; and Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, N.Y.
authors.forename: Manraj
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kaur
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Modus Outcome, Letchworth Garden City, UK; Swan Center for Plastic Surgery, Alpharetta, Ga.; Plastic and Reconstructive Department, St Georges Hospital NHS Trust, Tooting, London, United Kingdom; Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Temple Medical, Aberdeen, Scotland; School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Institute of Applied Health Sciences, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Women's College Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; and Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, N.Y.
authors.forename: Athanasios
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Papas
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Modus Outcome, Letchworth Garden City, UK; Swan Center for Plastic Surgery, Alpharetta, Ga.; Plastic and Reconstructive Department, St Georges Hospital NHS Trust, Tooting, London, United Kingdom; Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Temple Medical, Aberdeen, Scotland; School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Institute of Applied Health Sciences, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Women's College Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; and Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, N.Y.
authors.forename: Nancy
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Van Laeken
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Modus Outcome, Letchworth Garden City, UK; Swan Center for Plastic Surgery, Alpharetta, Ga.; Plastic and Reconstructive Department, St Georges Hospital NHS Trust, Tooting, London, United Kingdom; Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Temple Medical, Aberdeen, Scotland; School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Institute of Applied Health Sciences, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Women's College Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; and Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, N.Y.
authors.forename: Valerie H
authors.initials: VH
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Modus Outcome, Letchworth Garden City, UK; Swan Center for Plastic Surgery, Alpharetta, Ga.; Plastic and Reconstructive Department, St Georges Hospital NHS Trust, Tooting, London, United Kingdom; Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Temple Medical, Aberdeen, Scotland; School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Institute of Applied Health Sciences, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Women's College Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; and Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, N.Y.
authors.forename: Andrea L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Pusic