title: Cardioprotection provided by Echinatin against ischemia/reperfusion in isolated rat hearts.
abstract: This study evaluated the protective effect of Echinatin against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in rats.
  
  
  
  The effect of Echinatin on cardiac function in rats subjected to I/R was demonstrated through improved Langendorff retrograde perfusion technology. Adult Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into five groups, and myocardial infarct size was macroscopically estimated through 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining. The coronary effluent was analyzed for the release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine kinase (CK) to assess the degree of cardiac injury. The concentrations of malondialdehyde (MDA), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were determined along with superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity using ELISA. Finally, cardiomyocyte apoptosis analysis was conducted with POD, an in situ cell death detection kit.
  
  
  
  Echinatin (0.5 and 2.5 μg/mL) pretreatment enhanced the maximum up/down rate of the left ventricular pressure (±dp/dtmax), improved the heart rate, increased the left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP), enhanced the coronary flow, and reduced the CK and LDH levels in the coronary flow of the treated group compared with the I/R group. Echinatin limited the contents of CK and LDH, improved the LVDP, reduced the contents of MDA, IL-6, and TNF-α, and increased the SOD activity. The infarct size and cell apoptosis in the hearts of the rats in the Echinatin-treated group were smaller and lower, respectively, than those in the hearts of the rats in the I/R control group.
  
  
  
  Echinatin exerts a protective effect against I/R-induced myocardial injury on hearts. This effect may be attributed to the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of this compound.
authors.affiliation: Intensive Care Unit, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Laishan branch, Yantai, China.
authors.forename: Xing-Han
authors.initials: XH
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Department of Affiliated Hospital of JiNing Medical University, Jining, China.
authors.forename: Chao-Liang
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Hai-Li
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal medicine, Qihe people's hospital, Dezhou, China.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Medical Research Center, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China.
authors.forename: Ji-Chun
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: Medical Research Center, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China.
authors.forename: Ju
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal medicine, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Laishan branch, Yantai, China. 70537219@qq.com.
authors.forename: Meng
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D002316:Cardiotonic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D047188:Chalcones / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003326:Coronary Circulation / Q000187:drug effects; D003402:Creatine Kinase / Q000378:metabolism; D019610:Cytoprotection; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism; D000067268:Isolated Heart Preparation; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase / Q000378:metabolism; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D015428:Myocardial Reperfusion Injury / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D013997:Time Factors; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left / Q000187:drug effects*; D017725:Ventricular Pressure / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D002316:Cardiotonic Agents; D047188:Chalcones; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D015850:Interleukin-6; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; C000623341:echinatin; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D003402:Creatine Kinase
keywords: Anti-inflammatory; Antioxidant; Cardioprotection; Echinatin; Ischemia/reperfusion