title: Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Osteochondral Tissue Engineering.
abstract: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are of major interest in regenerative medicine, as they are easily harvested from a variety of sources (including bone marrow and fat aspirates) and they are able to form a range of mesenchymal tissues, in vitro and in vivo. We focus here on the use of MSCs for engineering of cartilage, bone, and complex osteochondral tissue constructs, using protocols that replicate some aspects of natural mesodermal development. For engineering of human bone, we discuss some of the current advances, and highlight the use of perfusion bioreactors for supporting anatomically exact human bone grafts. For engineering of human cartilage, we discuss the limitations of current approaches, and highlight engineering of stratified, mechanically functional human cartilage interfaced with bone by mesenchymal condensation of MSCs. Taken together, current advances enable engineering of physiologically relevant bone, cartilage and osteochondral composites, and physiologically relevant studies of osteochondral development and disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, 622 West 168th Street, VC12-234, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
authors.forename: Johnathan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ng
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, 622 West 168th Street, VC12-234, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
authors.forename: Jonathan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bernhard
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, 622 West 168th Street, VC12-234, New York, NY, 10032, USA. gv2131@columbia.edu.|Departments of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA. gv2131@columbia.edu.
authors.forename: Gordana
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Vunjak-Novakovic
mesh_terms: D019149:Bioreactors; D002358:Cartilage, Articular / Q000166:cytology; D019902:Chondrocytes / Q000166:cytology*; D006801:Humans; D045164:Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology*; D010011:Osteocytes / Q000166:cytology*; D044968:Regenerative Medicine; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods
keywords: Anatomically shaped grafts; Bioreactor; Bone; Cartilage; Regenerative medicine