title: Internal modeling of upcoming speech: A causal role of the right posterior cerebellum in non-motor aspects of language production.
abstract: Some language processing theories propose that, just as for other somatic actions, self-monitoring of language production is achieved through internal modeling. The cerebellum is the proposed center of such internal modeling in motor control, and the right cerebellum has been linked to an increasing number of language functions, including predictive processing during comprehension. Relating these findings, we tested whether the right posterior cerebellum has a causal role for self-monitoring of speech errors. Participants received 1 Hz repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation during 15 min to lobules Crus I and II in the right hemisphere, and, in counterbalanced orders, to the contralateral area in the left cerebellar hemisphere (control) in order to induce a temporary inactivation of one of these zones. Immediately afterwards, they engaged in a speech production task priming the production of speech errors. Language production was impaired after right compared to left hemisphere stimulation, a finding that provides evidence for a causal role of the cerebellum during language production. We interpreted this role in terms of internal modeling of upcoming speech through a verbal working memory process used to prevent errors.
authors.affiliation: Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, LPL UMR 7309, Aix-en-Provence, France. Electronic address: elin_runnquist@yahoo.es.
authors.forename: Elin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Runnqvist
authors.affiliation: Aix-Marseille Université, INSERM, INS UMR S 1106, Faculté de Médecine, Marseille, France.
authors.forename: Mireille
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bonnard
authors.affiliation: Ghent University, Department of Experimental Psychology, Ghent, Belgium.
authors.forename: Hanna S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Gauvin
authors.affiliation: Aix-Marseille Université, Inserm UMR 910, Reference Center for Neuromuscular Disorders and ALS CHU La Timone, Marseille, France.
authors.forename: Shahram
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Attarian
authors.affiliation: Aix-Marseille Université, INSERM, INS UMR S 1106, Faculté de Médecine, Marseille, France; Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux Marseille, Marseille, France.
authors.forename: Agnès
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Trébuchon
authors.affiliation: Ghent University, Department of Experimental Psychology, Ghent, Belgium.
authors.forename: Robert J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Hartsuiker
authors.affiliation: Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, LPC UMR 7290, Marseille, France.
authors.forename: F-Xavier
authors.initials: FX
authors.lastname: Alario
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001931:Brain Mapping; D002531:Cerebellum / Q000502:physiology*; D054022:Cerebrum / Q000502:physiology; D003071:Cognition / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D007839:Functional Laterality / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008570:Memory, Short-Term / Q000502:physiology*; D013060:Speech / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Cerebellum; Internal modeling; Language production; Self monitoring; Verbal working memory