title: Precision Obesity Treatments Including Pharmacogenetic and Nutrigenetic Approaches.
abstract: Five pharmaceutical strategies are currently approved by the US FDA for the treatment of obesity: orlistat, lorcaserin, liraglutide, phentermine/topiramate, and bupropion/naltrexone. The most effective treatment seems to be the combined administration of phentermine/topiramate followed by lorcaserin and bupropion/naltrexone. In relation to the management of excessive weight, other aspects also need to be considered, including comorbidities accompanying obesity, drug interactions, and the risk of negative collateral effects, as well as individualized treatments based on the genetic make-up. This review aims to provide an overview of the approved anti-obesity drugs and newer molecules that could affect different targets in the central nervous system or peripheral tissues, the molecular mechanisms, emerging dietary treatments and phytogenic compounds, and pharmacogenetic/nutrigenetic approaches for personalized obesity management.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdISNA), Pamplona, Spain.
authors.forename: Maite
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Solas
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, Centre for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Fermin I
authors.initials: FI
authors.lastname: Milagro
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Clinica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
authors.forename: Diego
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Martínez-Urbistondo
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdISNA), Pamplona, Spain.
authors.forename: Maria J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Ramirez
authors.affiliation: Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdISNA), Pamplona, Spain; Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, Centre for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain. Electronic address: jalfmtz@unav.es.
authors.forename: J Alfredo
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Martínez
mesh_terms: D019440:Anti-Obesity Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D006801:Humans; D054647:Nutrigenomics; D009765:Obesity / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D010597:Pharmacogenetics; D057285:Precision Medicine; D015431:Weight Loss
chemical_list: D019440:Anti-Obesity Agents
keywords: bioactive compounds; food intake; hypocaloric diet; personalized nutrition; polymorphism; weight loss