title: Inactivation of Salmonella enteritidis on shell eggs by coating with phytochemicals.
abstract: Salmonella enteritidis (SE) is a major foodborne pathogen that causes human infections largely by consumption of contaminated eggs. The external surface of eggs becomes contaminated with SE from multiple sources, highlighting the need for effective egg surface disinfection methods. This study investigated the efficacy of three GRAS-status, phytochemicals, namely carvacrol (CR), eugenol (EG), and β-resorcylic acid (BR) applied as pectin or gum arabic based coating for reducing SE on shell eggs. White-shelled eggs, spot inoculated with a 5-strain mixture of nalidixic acid (NA) resistant SE (8.0 log CFU/mL) were coated with pectin or gum arabic solution containing each phytochemical (0.0, 0.25, 0.5, or 0.75%), and stored at 4°C for 7 days. SE on eggs was enumerated on days 0, 1, 3, and 7 of storage. Approximately 4.0 log CFU/egg of SE was recovered from inoculated and pectin or gum arabic coated eggs on day 0. All coating treatments containing CR and EG, and BR at 0.75% reduced SE to undetectable levels on day 3 (P < 0.05). Results suggest that the aforementioned phytochemicals could effectively be used as a coating to reduce SE on shell eggs, but detailed studies on the sensory and quality attributes of coated eggs need to be conducted before recommending their use.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.
authors.forename: Indu
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Upadhyaya
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.
authors.forename: H-B
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Surendran Nair
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.
authors.forename: C-H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lang
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Darre
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA kumar.venkitanarayanan@uconn.edu.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Venkitanarayanan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002645:Chickens; D000081007:Cymenes; D004528:Egg Shell / Q000382:microbiology*; D005054:Eugenol / Q000494:pharmacology; D006170:Gum Arabic / Q000737:chemistry; D062385:Hydroxybenzoates / Q000494:pharmacology; D050296:Microbial Viability; D039821:Monoterpenes / Q000494:pharmacology; D010368:Pectins / Q000737:chemistry; D064209:Phytochemicals / Q000494:pharmacology; D011201:Poultry Diseases / Q000382:microbiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D012481:Salmonella Infections, Animal / Q000382:microbiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D012477:Salmonella enteritidis / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000081007:Cymenes; D062385:Hydroxybenzoates; D039821:Monoterpenes; D064209:Phytochemicals; D005054:Eugenol; D010368:Pectins; D006170:Gum Arabic; C073316:carvacrol; C017704:beta-resorcylic acid
keywords: Salmonella enteritidis; coating; eggs; phytochemicals