title: Comparative effects of slow freezing and vitrification on cryosurvival of spermatozoa obtained from west African dwarf goat bucks.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Slow freezing and vitrification are used to improve the viability of spermatozoa from various species but comparative effects of these cryoprotocols have never been evaluated for spermatozoa obtained from West African Dwarf (WAD) goat bucks.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study evaluated the comparative effects of slow freezing and vitrification on the viability of spermatozoa of WAD goat bucks.
  
  
  METHODS
  Semen samples collected with the aid of artificial vagina were allocated to slow freezing and vitrification protocols and cryopreserved for 30 days in liquid nitrogen.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Consistent higher (P<0.05) sperm motility, acrosome integrity, membrane integrity, live sperm, acrosome reaction and capacitation in slow freezing compared to vitrification. Abnormal sperm cells and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations reduced (P<0.05) in slow freezing compared to vitrification. Higher (P<0.05) arginase activity was observed in slow freezing compared to vitrification.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings indicated that spermatozoa obtained from WAD goat bucks were better preserved in slow freezing compared to vitrification.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Physiology, Federal University of Agriculture Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria. daramolajames2003@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: J O
authors.initials: JO
authors.lastname: Daramola
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Physiology, Federal University of Agriculture Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria.
authors.forename: E O
authors.initials: EO
authors.lastname: Adekunle
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015925:Cryopreservation / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D005615:Freezing; D006041:Goats / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D055101:Semen Analysis / Q000662:veterinary; D012662:Semen Preservation / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D013094:Spermatozoa; D058989:Vitrification