title: Landfill leachate sludge use as soil additive prior and after electrocoagulation treatment: A cytological assessment using CHO-k1 cells.
abstract: Electrocoagulation has recently attracted attention as a potential technique for treating toxic effluents due to its versatility and environmental compatibility, generating a residue chemically suitable to be used as a soil additive. In the present study, landfill leachate sludge hazardous effects were investigated prior and after electrocoagulation process using in vitro assays with the mammalian cells CHO-k1. An integrated strategy for risk assessment was used to correctly estimate the possible adverse landfill leachate sludge effects on human health and ecosystem. Electrocoagulation process proved to be an effective treatment due to possibility to improve effluent adverse characteristics and produce sludge with potential to be used as soil additive. Despite low cytoxicity, the residue presented genotoxic and mutagenic effects, indicating a capacity to induce genetic damages, probably due to induction of polyploidization process in cells. The observed effects demand an improvement of waste management methods for reduce negative risks of landfill leachate sludge application.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo - UFES, CEP 29075-910, Vitória, Espirito Santo, Brazil. Electronic address: morozesk@ufscar.br.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Morozesk
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo - UFES, CEP 29075-910, Vitória, Espirito Santo, Brazil. Electronic address: bonomo@ufscar.br.
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Bonomo
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo - UFES, CEP 29075-910, Vitória, Espirito Santo, Brazil. Electronic address: liviadorsch@gmail.com.
authors.forename: L D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Rocha
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo - UFES, CEP 29075-910, Vitória, Espirito Santo, Brazil. Electronic address: iandduarte@gmail.com.
authors.forename: I D
authors.initials: ID
authors.lastname: Duarte
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo - UFES, CEP 29075-910, Vitória, Espirito Santo, Brazil. Electronic address: rivelino_guns@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: E R L
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Zanezi
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo - UFES, CEP 29075-910, Vitória, Espirito Santo, Brazil. Electronic address: honerio@cce.ufes.br.
authors.forename: H C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Jesus
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal de São Carlos - UFSCar, CEP 13565-905, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil. Electronic address: dmnf@ufscar.br.
authors.forename: M N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Fernandes
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo - UFES, CEP 29075-910, Vitória, Espirito Santo, Brazil. Electronic address: siltamie@gmail.com.
authors.forename: S T
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Matsumoto
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016466:CHO Cells; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002470:Cell Survival; D003116:Color; D006224:Cricetinae; D003412:Cricetulus; D048749:Cytokinesis; D017753:Ecosystem; D004563:Electrochemistry / Q000379:methods*; D004564:Electrocoagulation / Q000379:methods*; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D016014:Linear Models; D008670:Metals / Q000737:chemistry; D015162:Micronucleus Tests; D009153:Mutagens; D012037:Refuse Disposal / Q000379:methods*; D012306:Risk; D012722:Sewage / Q000737:chemistry*; D012987:Soil; D064091:Waste Disposal Facilities; D018505:Waste Management / Q000379:methods; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D008670:Metals; D009153:Mutagens; D012722:Sewage; D012987:Soil; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical
keywords: CHO-k1 cells; Cytotoxicity; Electro-fenton; In vitro assays; Metal contamination; Micronucleus test