title: Updosing nonsedating antihistamines in patients with chronic spontaneous urticaria: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
abstract: There is a lack of large, randomized, double-blind studies that address antihistamine updosing for chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU). The objective of this systematic review is to explore and analyse available data to provide clinical evidence for the efficacy of antihistamine updosing. We searched the literature in Medline, Scopus, Google Scholar, Embase, Web of Science and Cochrane databases using the keywords 'chronic, urticaria, antihistamines' to identify studies published between January 1990 and November 2014. We assessed quality using the Jadad score that evaluates quality of randomization, double-blinding and losses to follow-up. We identified 1042 articles and 15 articles were included in the final evaluation. We performed two meta-analyses, one that included studies that analysed treatment response among groups receiving different antihistamine dosages vs. placebo, and another that analysed antihistamine updosing in those patients who did not respond to standard dosages. Only five articles obtained a high quality level score. We did not find significant differences in response rates or number of weals in those patients who received a standard dosage vs. a high dosage. We found a significant improvement only in the pruritus variable of the Urticaria Activity Score scale. The estimated relative risk for improvement by increasing the antihistamine dosage was 2·27 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1·68-3·06]; however, there was significant heterogeneity. The proportion of nonrespondent patients with CSU who responded to antihistamine updosing was 63·2% (95% CI 57-69·6). We found that updosing antihistamines significantly improved control of pruritus but not weal number. However, the relative weakness of the studies and the significant heterogeneity among them made it difficult to reach a final conclusion.
authors.affiliation: Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Clinica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Guillén-Aguinaga
authors.affiliation: Allergy Service, Basurto Hospital, Bilbao, Spain.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Jáuregui Presa
authors.affiliation: Murcia Department of Health, Center of Health Technology Innovation, Murcia, Spain.|Department of Socio-Sanitary Sciences, Medical School, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Aguinaga-Ontoso
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, Clinica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.|Navarra's Health Research Institute IDISNA, Pamplona, Spain.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Guillén-Grima
authors.affiliation: Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Clinica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.|Navarra's Health Research Institute IDISNA, Pamplona, Spain.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ferrer
mesh_terms: D002908:Chronic Disease; D017322:Clinical Trials, Phase II as Topic; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D039563:Histamine H1 Antagonists, Non-Sedating / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006801:Humans; D011537:Pruritus / Q000188:drug therapy; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014581:Urticaria / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D039563:Histamine H1 Antagonists, Non-Sedating