title: Impact of biochar on the anaerobic digestion of citrus peel waste.
abstract: In this study, the impact of different types of biochar and biochar ratios on the anaerobic digestion of citrus peel waste was investigated. Citrus peel has an inhibitory effect on anaerobic digestion. The presence of biochar had two effects: a reduction in the length of the lag phase and greater production of methane relative to citrus peel waste only incubations. The microbial lag phases decreased with increase in citrus peel to biochar ratios, with 2:1 having the longest lag phase of 9.4days and 1:3, the shortest, with the value of 7.5days. The cumulative methane production in incubations containing biochar and citrus peel ranged from 163.9 to 186.8ml CH4 gVS(-1), while citrus peel only produced 165.9ml CH4 gVS(-1). Examination of the biochar material revealed colonies of putative methanogens. The synergy of d-limonene adsorption and microbial immobilization by biochar appears to improve the performance of anaerobic digestion.
authors.affiliation: Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Michael O
authors.initials: MO
authors.lastname: Fagbohungbe
authors.affiliation: Stopford Energy and Environment, Merseyton Road, Ellemere Port, Chester CH65 3AD, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Ben M J
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Herbert
authors.affiliation: Stopford Energy and Environment, Merseyton Road, Ellemere Port, Chester CH65 3AD, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Lois
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hurst
authors.affiliation: Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Ariva Technology, The Heath Business and Technical Park, Runcorn, Cheshire WA7 4EB, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Shams Q
authors.initials: SQ
authors.lastname: Usmani
authors.affiliation: Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, United Kingdom. Electronic address: k.semple@lancaster.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Kirk T
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Semple
mesh_terms: D000693:Anaerobiosis; D061249:Batch Cell Culture Techniques; D019149:Bioreactors / Q000382:microbiology; D002606:Charcoal / Q000737:chemistry*; D002957:Citrus / Q000737:chemistry*; D053138:Cyclohexenes / Q000302:isolation & purification; D007700:Kinetics; D000077222:Limonene; D008697:Methane / Q000096:biosynthesis; D012037:Refuse Disposal / Q000379:methods*; D013729:Terpenes / Q000302:isolation & purification; D014866:Waste Products
chemical_list: D053138:Cyclohexenes; D013729:Terpenes; D014866:Waste Products; C540010:biochar; D002606:Charcoal; D000077222:Limonene; D008697:Methane
keywords: Anaerobic digestion; Biochar; Citrus peel waste; Lag phase; Methane production