title: Citrus waste as feedstock for bio-based products recovery: Review on limonene case study and energy valorization.
abstract: The citrus peels and residue of fruit juices production are rich in d-limonene, a cyclic terpene characterized by antimicrobial activity, which could hamper energy valorization bioprocess. Considering that limonene is used in nutritional, pharmaceutical and cosmetic fields, citrus by-products processing appear to be a suitable feedstock either for high value product recovery or energy bio-processes. This waste stream, more than 10MTon at 2013 in European Union (AIJN, 2014), can be considered appealing, from the view point of conducting a key study on limonene recovery, as its content of about 1%w/w of high value-added molecule. Different processes are currently being studied to recover or remove limonene from citrus peel to both prevent pollution and energy resources recovery. The present review is aimed to highlight pros and contras of different approaches suggesting an energy sustainability criterion to select the most effective one for materials and energy valorization.
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, Torino 10129, Italy.
authors.forename: Viviana
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Negro
authors.affiliation: Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, Catania 95125, Italy.
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mancini
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, Torino 10129, Italy.
authors.forename: Bernardo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ruggeri
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, Torino 10129, Italy. Electronic address: debora.fino@polito.it.
authors.forename: Debora
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Fino
mesh_terms: D001709:Biotechnology / Q000379:methods*; D002957:Citrus / Q000737:chemistry*; D053138:Cyclohexenes / Q000737:chemistry*; D004736:Energy-Generating Resources; D000077222:Limonene; D013729:Terpenes / Q000737:chemistry*; D014866:Waste Products
chemical_list: D053138:Cyclohexenes; D013729:Terpenes; D014866:Waste Products; D000077222:Limonene
keywords: Bioethanol; Biogas; Citrus processing waste; Limonene