title: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and dyslipidemia: An update.
abstract: Non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFLD) is the most common liver disease worldwide, progressing from simple steatosis to necroinflammation and fibrosis (leading to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, NASH), and in some cases to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Inflammation, oxidative stress and insulin resistance are involved in NAFLD development and progression. NAFLD has been associated with several cardiovascular (CV) risk factors including obesity, dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, hypertension and smoking. NAFLD is also characterized by atherogenic dyslipidemia, postprandial lipemia and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) dysfunction. Most importantly, NAFLD patients have an increased risk for both liver and CV disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality. In this narrative review, the associations between NAFLD, dyslipidemia and vascular disease in NAFLD patients are discussed. NAFLD treatment is also reviewed with a focus on lipid-lowering drugs. Finally, future perspectives in terms of both NAFLD diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets are considered.
authors.affiliation: Second Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Hippocration Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece.
authors.forename: Niki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Katsiki
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Biochemistry (Vascular Disease Prevention Clinics), Royal Free Hospital Campus, University College London Medical School, University College London (UCL), London, UK. Electronic address: MIKHAILIDIS@aol.com.
authors.forename: Dimitri P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Mikhailidis
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Christos S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Mantzoros
mesh_terms: D018450:Disease Progression; D050171:Dyslipidemias / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000502:physiology; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D065626:Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000502:physiology
keywords: Antidiabetic drugs; Dyslipidemia; Ezetimibe; Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease; Statins