title: Resistance Training and Co-supplementation with Creatine and Protein in Older Subjects with Frailty.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Studies assessing the effects co-supplementation with creatine and protein, along with resistance training, in older individuals with frailty are lacking.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This is an exploratory trial from the Pro-Elderly study ("Protein Intake and Resistance Training in Aging") aimed at gathering knowledge on the feasibility, safety, and efficacy of co-supplementation with creatine and protein supplementation, combined with resistance training, in older individuals with frailty.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 14-week, double-blind, randomized, parallel-group, placebo controlled exploratory trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  The subjects were randomly assigned to whey protein and creatine co-supplementation (WHEY+CR) or whey protein supplementation (WHEY) group. All subjects undertook a supervised exercise training program and were assessed at baseline and after 14 weeks.
  
  
  METHODS
  Muscle function, body composition, blood parameters, and self-reported adverse events were assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No interaction effects (between-group differences) were observed for any dependent variables (p > 0.05 for all). However, there were main time-effects in handgrip (WHEY+CR = 26.65 ± 31.29; WHEY = 13.84 ± 14.93 Kg; p = 0.0005), timed-up-and-go (WHEY+CR = -11.20 ± 9.37; WHEY = -17.76 ± 21.74 sec; p = 0.006), and timed-stands test (WHEY+CR = 47.50 ± 35.54; WHEY = 46.87 ± 24.23 reps; p = 0.0001), suggesting that WHEY+CR and WHEY were similarly effective in improving muscle function. All of the subjects showed improvements in at least two of the three functional tests, regardless of their treatments. Body composition and blood parameters were not changed (p > 0.05). No severe adverse effects were observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Co-supplementation with creatine and whey protein was well-tolerable and free of adverse events in older subjects with frailty undertaking resistance training. Creatine supplementation did not augment the adaptive effects of resistance training along with whey protein on body composition or muscle function in this population. Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT01890382.
authors.affiliation: Professor Bruno Gualano, Escola de Educação Física e Esporte; Departamento de Biodinâmica do Movimento Humano, Av. Mello de Moraes, 65, São Paulo, SP - Brazil, Postal code: 05508-030, Phone: + 55 11 30918783 / + 55 11 30913096, email: gualano@usp.br.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Collins
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Longhurst
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Roschel
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gualano
mesh_terms: D015502:Absorptiometry, Photon / Q000379:methods; D000368:Aged; D000375:Aging / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D001823:Body Composition / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D003401:Creatine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D016903:Drug Monitoring; D005260:Female; D018737:Hand Strength; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D055070:Resistance Training / Q000379:methods*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D000067816:Whey Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D000067816:Whey Proteins; D003401:Creatine