title: Diabetes Technology: Uptake, Outcomes, Barriers, and the Intersection With Distress.
abstract: Patients managing type 1 diabetes have access to new technologies to assist in management. This manuscript has two aims: 1) to briefly review the literature on diabetes technology use and how this relates to psychological factors and 2) to present an example of human factors research using our data to examine psychological factors associated with technology use. Device/technology uptake and use has increased over the years and at present day is a common clinical practice. There are mixed results in terms of health and psychosocial outcomes, with specific subgroups doing better than others with technology. Our data demonstrated that patients have moderately elevated diabetes distress across differing types of technology used, from low-tech to high-tech options, possibly meaning that technology does not add or take away distress. In addition, users on multiple daily injections compared to all other technology groups have less positive attitudes about technology. Finally, we discuss implications for clinical practice and future research.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA, USA dnaranjo@stanford.edu.
authors.forename: Diana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Naranjo
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Molly L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Tanenbaum
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Esti
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Iturralde
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA, USA Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Korey K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Hood
mesh_terms: D020811:Biomedical Technology; D015190:Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring / Q000523:psychology*; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007332:Insulin Infusion Systems / Q000523:psychology*; D008297:Male; D019397:Pancreas, Artificial / Q000523:psychology*
keywords: diabetes attitudes; diabetes distress; diabetes technology; psychosocial correlates; technology utilization