title: The Occurrence of Postconflict Skills in Captive Immature Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes).
abstract: Conflict management strategies can reduce costs of aggressive competition in group-living animals. Postconflict behaviors such as reconciliation and third-party postconflict affiliation are widely accepted as social skills in primates and have been demonstrated in many species. Although immature primates possess a repertoire of species-specific behaviors, it is thought that they gradually develop appropriate social skills throughout prolonged juvenility to establish and maintain complex social relationships within their group. We examined the occurrence of postconflict skills in five immature chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) over 15 mo, focusing on interactions that were not with the subject's mother. We observed reconciliation, with conciliatory tendencies comparable to adults, and provide the first evidence that captive immature chimpanzees commonly reconciled using social play. However, immatures were not more likely to reconcile valuable than nonvaluable relationships. We also observed third party postconflict affiliation although at a lower level than reported for adults. Our results provide evidence for postconflict skills in immature chimpanzees but the lack of higher conciliatory tendency with valuable partners and low occurrence of third-party affiliation indicates extended juvenility may be required refine these skills. Further work is needed to investigate whether these behaviors have the same function and effectiveness as those found in adults.
authors.affiliation: Research Centre in Evolutionary Anthropology & Palaeoecology, School of Natural Sciences & Psychology, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, L3 3AF UK ; Animal Care, Applied Sciences, Wirral Met College, Twelve Quays Campus, Morpeth Dock, Shore Road, Birkenhead, Wirral CH41 1AG UK.
authors.forename: Samina H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Farooqi
authors.affiliation: Research Centre in Evolutionary Anthropology & Palaeoecology, School of Natural Sciences & Psychology, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, L3 3AF UK.
authors.forename: Nicola F
authors.initials: NF
authors.lastname: Koyama
keywords: Consolation; Infant chimpanzees; Reconciliation; Social competence