title: The Temporal Order of Changes in Physical Activity and Subjective Sleep in Depressed Versus Nondepressed Individuals: Findings From the MOOVD Study.
abstract: Epidemiological studies have shown an association between physical activity and sleep, but it is unclear what the temporal order of this association is and whether it differs for depressed patients and healthy controls. Using a multiple repeated observations design, 27 depressed and 27 pair-matched nondepressed participants completed daily measurements of subjective sleep quality and duration during 30 consecutive days while an accelerometer continuously registered their physical activity. Changes in sleep duration, not quality, predicted next-day changes in physical activity (B = -0.21, p < .001), but not the other way around. Significant heterogeneity between individuals was observed, but the effect was not different for depressed and nondepressed participants. The findings underline the strength of a multiple repeated observations design in observational sleep research.
authors.affiliation: a Interdisciplinary Center for Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation , University Medical Center Groningen , Groningen , The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Mara E J
authors.initials: MEJ
authors.lastname: Bouwmans
authors.affiliation: b Dimence Mental Health Care Centre , Deventer , The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Nicole A M
authors.initials: NAM
authors.lastname: Oude Oosterik
authors.affiliation: a Interdisciplinary Center for Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation , University Medical Center Groningen , Groningen , The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Elisabeth H
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Bos
authors.affiliation: b Dimence Mental Health Care Centre , Deventer , The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Izaäk W
authors.initials: IW
authors.lastname: de Groot
authors.affiliation: a Interdisciplinary Center for Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation , University Medical Center Groningen , Groningen , The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Albertine J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Oldehinkel
authors.affiliation: a Interdisciplinary Center for Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation , University Medical Center Groningen , Groningen , The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: de Jonge
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003863:Depression / Q000503:physiopathology; D015444:Exercise; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012890:Sleep / Q000502:physiology*; D013997:Time Factors