title: Methylprednisolone combined with low-dose indomethacin treating acute fibrinous and organizing pneumonia after a surgical resection of rectal adenocarcinoma: a case report and literature review.
abstract: Acute Fibrinous and Organizing Pneumonia (AFOP) is a new pathologic pattern of acute lung injury characterized by the presence of intra-alveolar fibrin in the form of fibrin "balls" in a patchy distribution.
  
  
  
  A 65-years-old female after a surgical resection of rectal adenocarcinoma presented with typical manifestations of hospital-acquired pneumonia, but she didn't respond to the anti infective therapy. After an explicit diagnosis of AFOP via percutaneous needle lung biopsy, she got an impressive improvement with a long-term therapy of methylprednisolone and low-dose indomethacin. To date, a total of non-overlapped 45 individual AFOP cases and 4 single-center studies involving AFOP have been reported. The most common coexisting diseases are infections, connective tissue diseases and hematological diseases. Corticosteroids and immunosuppressants are the most common agents prescribed in AFOP. The prognosis of AFOP is unfavorable, associated with the pathologic characteristics and the clinical parameters.
  
  
  
  The immune system activated by infection may play an important role in the pathogenesis of AFOP. Low-dose indomethacin combined with methylprednisolone may be a new choice for AFOP treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Respiratory Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China. shanpingj_sys@126.com.
authors.forename: C-X
authors.initials: CX
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: T-T
authors.initials: TT
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.forename: L-J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: X-L
authors.initials: XL
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: L-J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Bian
authors.forename: Q-K
authors.initials: QK
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: S-P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Jiang
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery*; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003428:Cross Infection; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007213:Indomethacin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008775:Methylprednisolone / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011014:Pneumonia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology; D012004:Rectal Neoplasms / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery*
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D008775:Methylprednisolone; D007213:Indomethacin