title: Comparison of endpoints relevant to toxicity assessments in 3 generations of CD-1 mice fed irradiated natural and purified ingredient diets with varying soy protein and isoflavone contents.
abstract: Diet is an important variable in toxicology. There are mixed reports on the impact of soy components on energy utilization, fat deposition, and reproductive parameters. Three generations of CD-1 mice were fed irradiated natural ingredient diets with varying levels of soy (NIH-41, 5K96, or 5008/5001), purified irradiated AIN-93 diet, or the AIN-93 formulation modified with ethanol-washed soy protein concentrate (SPC) or SPC with isoflavones (SPC-IF). NIH-41 was the control for pairwise comparisons. Minimal differences were observed among natural ingredient diet groups. F0 males fed AIN-93, SPC, and SPC-IF diets had elevated glucose levels and lower insulin levels compared with the NIH-41 group. In both sexes of the F1 and F2 generations, the SPC and SPC-IF groups had lower body weight gains than the NIH-41 controls and the AIN-93 group had an increased percent body fat at postnatal day 21. AIN-93 F1 pups had higher baseline glucose than NIH-41 controls, but diet did not significantly affect breeding performance or responses to glucose or uterotrophic challenges. Reduced testes weight and sperm in the AIN-93 group may be related to low thiamine levels. Our observations underline the importance of careful selection, manufacturing procedures, and nutritional characterization of diets used in toxicological studies.
authors.affiliation: Divisions of Biochemical Toxicology, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA.
authors.forename: Luísa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Camacho
authors.affiliation: Office of Scientific Coordination, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA.
authors.forename: Sherry M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Lewis
authors.affiliation: Divisions of Biochemical Toxicology, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA.
authors.forename: Michelle M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Vanlandingham
authors.affiliation: Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA.
authors.forename: Beth E
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Juliar
authors.affiliation: National Center for Toxicological Research, and Toxicologic Pathology Associates, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA.
authors.forename: Greg R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Olson
authors.affiliation: National Center for Toxicological Research, and Toxicologic Pathology Associates, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA.
authors.forename: Ralph E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Patton
authors.affiliation: Divisions of Biochemical Toxicology, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA.
authors.forename: Gonçalo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gamboa da Costa
authors.affiliation: Divisions of Biochemical Toxicology, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA.
authors.forename: Kellie
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Woodling
authors.affiliation: Divisions of Biochemical Toxicology, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA.
authors.forename: Estatira
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sepehr
authors.affiliation: Divisions of Biochemical Toxicology, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA.
authors.forename: Matthew S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Bryant
authors.affiliation: Divisions of Biochemical Toxicology, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA.
authors.forename: Daniel R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Doerge
authors.affiliation: Divisions of Biochemical Toxicology, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA.
authors.forename: Mallikarjuna S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Basavarajappa
authors.affiliation: Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA.
authors.forename: Robert P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Felton
authors.affiliation: Divisions of Biochemical Toxicology, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA. Electronic address: barry.delclos@fda.hhs.gov.
authors.forename: K Barry
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: Delclos
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004032:Diet; D005260:Female; D007529:Isoflavones / Q000032:analysis*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D030262:Soybean Proteins / Q000032:analysis*; D018675:Toxicity Tests
chemical_list: D007529:Isoflavones; D030262:Soybean Proteins
keywords: CD-1 mouse; Isoflavones; Natural ingredient diet; Purified ingredient diet; Soy; Thiamine