title: Event-related potentials reveal the development of stable face representations from natural variability.
abstract: Natural variability between instances of unfamiliar faces can make it difficult to reconcile two images as the same person. Yet for familiar faces, effortless recognition occurs even with considerable variability between images. To explore how stable face representations develop, we employed incidental learning in the form of a face sorting task. In each trial, multiple images of two facial identities were sorted into two corresponding piles. Following the sort, participants showed evidence of having learnt the faces performing more accurately on a matching task with seen than with unseen identities. Furthermore, ventral temporal event-related potentials were more negative in the N250 time range for previously seen than for previously unseen identities. These effects appear to demonstrate some degree of abstraction, rather than simple picture learning, as the neurophysiological and behavioural effects were observed with novel images of the previously seen identities. The results provide evidence of the development of facial representations, allowing a window onto natural mechanisms of face learning.
authors.affiliation: a School of Psychology , University of Aberdeen , Aberdeen , UK.|b Division of Psychology , Nottingham Trent University , Nottingham , UK.
authors.forename: Sally
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Andrews
authors.affiliation: a School of Psychology , University of Aberdeen , Aberdeen , UK.|c School of Psychology , University of York , York , UK.
authors.forename: A Mike
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Burton
authors.affiliation: d DFG Research Unit Person Perception , Friedrich Schiller University Jena , Jena , Germany.|e Department of General Psychology and Cognitive Neuroscience , Friedrich Schiller University Jena , Jena , Germany.
authors.forename: Stefan R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Schweinberger
authors.affiliation: d DFG Research Unit Person Perception , Friedrich Schiller University Jena , Jena , Germany.|f Department of Psychology , Durham University , Durham , UK.
authors.forename: Holger
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wiese
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001931:Brain Mapping; D004569:Electroencephalography; D005071:Evoked Potentials / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010364:Pattern Recognition, Visual / Q000502:physiology*; D010775:Photic Stimulation; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000502:physiology; D021641:Recognition, Psychology / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Event-related potentials; Face learning; Face recognition; N250; Stable representations