title: Risk Factors and Outcomes in Patients With Hypernatremia and Sepsis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hypernatremia is an uncommon but important electrolyte abnormality in intensive care unit patients. Sepsis is one of the most common causes of intensive care unit admission, but few studies about the role of hypernatremia in sepsis has been published yet. In this study, we aimed to explore the risk factors for developing hypernatremia in patients with sepsis, and the prognosis of patients with sepsis with or without hypernatremia was also assessed.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this retrospective cohort study of 51 septic intensive care unit patients at a single center, we examined the risk factors for the development of hypernatremia and the association of hypernatremia with clinical outcomes using univariate and multivariable analyses. Clinical outcomes such as mortality and hospital duration of patients with or without hypernatremia were also compared.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score (odds ratio = 1.15; 95% CI: 1.022-1.294) was found to be the only independent risk factor for hypernatremia in patients with sepsis. Moreover, patients developing hypernatremia during hospitalization showed significantly higher morbidity and mortality.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score may be an independent risk factor for hypernatremia in patients with sepsis. Moreover, hypernatremia is strongly associated with worse outcome in sepsis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency, Jiangsu Province Hospital on Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China. Electronic address: nihaibingicu@163.com.
authors.forename: Hai-Bin
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Ni
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency, Jiangsu Province Hospital on Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.
authors.forename: Xing-Xing
authors.initials: XX
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency, Jiangsu Province Hospital on Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.
authors.forename: Xiao-Fei
authors.initials: XF
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency, Jiangsu Province Hospital on Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.
authors.forename: Ke-Qin
authors.initials: KQ
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency, Jiangsu Province Hospital on Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.
authors.forename: Chen-Bin
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency, Jiangsu Province Hospital on Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.
authors.forename: Xiao-Meng
authors.initials: XM
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.
authors.forename: Lu
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ke
mesh_terms: D018806:APACHE; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006955:Hypernatremia / Q000453:epidemiology*; D007362:Intensive Care Units; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009102:Multiple Organ Failure / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D018805:Sepsis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000401:mortality; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012772:Shock, Septic / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000401:mortality
keywords: Hypernatremia; Prognosis; Risk factors; Sepsis