title: Enhancing the adhesion strength of micro electroforming layer by ultrasonic agitation method and the application.
abstract: Micro electroforming is widely used for fabricating micro metal devices in Micro Electro Mechanism System (MEMS). However, there is the problem of poor adhesion strength between micro electroforming layer and substrate. This dramatically influences the dimensional accuracy of the device. To solve this problem, ultrasonic agitation method is applied during the micro electroforming process. To explore the effect of the ultrasonic agitation on the adhesion strength, micro electroforming experiments were carried out under different ultrasonic power (0W, 100W, 150W, 200W, 250W) and different ultrasonic frequencies (0kHz, 40kHz, 80kHz, 120kHz, 200kHz). The effects of the ultrasonic power and the ultrasonic frequency on the micro electroforming process were investigated by polarization method and alternating current (a.c.) impedance method. The adhesion strength between the electroforming layer and the substrate was measured by scratch test. The compressive stress of the electroforming layer was measured by X-ray Diffraction (XRD) method. The crystallite size of the electroforming layer was measured by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) method. The internal contact surface area of the electroforming layer was measured by cyclic voltammetry (CV) method. The experimental results indicate that the ultrasonic agitation can decrease the polarization overpotential and increase the charge transfer process. Generally, the internal contact surface area is increased and the compressive stress is reduced. And then the adhesion strength is enhanced. Due to the different depolarization effects of the ultrasonic power and the ultrasonic frequency, the effects on strengthening the adhesion strength are different. When the ultrasonic agitation is 200W and 40kHz, the effect on strengthening the adhesion strength is the best. In order to prove the effect which the ultrasonic agitation can improve the adhesion strength of the micro devices, micro pillar arrays were fabricated under ultrasonic agitation (200W, 40kHz). The experimental results show that the residual rate of the micro pillar arrays is increased about 17% by ultrasonic agitation method. This work contributes to fabricating the electroforming layer with large adhesion strength.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory for Precision & Non-traditional Machining Technology of Ministry of Education, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Zhong
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory for Precision & Non-traditional Machining Technology of Ministry of Education, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Technology and System of Liaoning Province, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, People's Republic of China. Electronic address: duliqun@dlut.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Liqun
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Du
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Technology and System of Liaoning Province, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yousheng
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tao
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Technology and System of Liaoning Province, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Qingfeng
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Technology and System of Liaoning Province, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Luo
keywords: Adhesion strength; MEMS; Micro electroforming; Polarization; Ultrasonic frequency; Ultrasonic power