title: Leptin serum concentrations are associated with weight gain during lithium augmentation.
abstract: Meta-analytical data show lithium augmentation (LA) as an effective treatment strategy in major depression. Weight-gain is a common side effect of LA. The proteohormone leptin is discussed to be involved in the pathophysiology of weight gain induced by psychopharmacological treatment. The purpose of our study was to investigate the association of leptin and body mass index (BMI) during LA in a prospective cohort study.
  
  
  
  Leptin serum concentrations and body mass index (BMI) were measured in a total of 89 acute depressive patients before and then after four weeks of LA.
  
  
  
  In a linear mixed model analysis the following variables had a significant positive effect on BMI: time (equal with "treatment effect of LA"; F1.83=6.05; p=0.016) and leptin (F1.111=13.83; p=0.0003) as well as the covariates male gender (F1.89=5.08; p=0.027) and adiposity (F1.85=105.13; p<0.0001).
  
  
  
  If the reported effect of leptin on BMI is specific to LA remains unclear without a control group.
  
  
  
  Leptin signalling might be involved in lithium-induced weight-gain.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany. Electronic address: roland.ricken@charite.de.
authors.forename: Roland
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ricken
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bopp
authors.affiliation: Department of statistics, informatics and documentation, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Jena, Germany.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Schlattmann
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
authors.forename: Hubertus
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Himmerich
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Schlosspark-Klinik Berlin; Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Technical University of Dresden Medical School, Dresden, Germany.
authors.forename: Tom
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Bschor
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Vivantes Wenckebach Klinikum, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Christoph
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Richter
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Thomas J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Stamm
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Fliedner Klinik Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bauer
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Heinz
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Rainer
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hellweg
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Psychiatric Clinics (UPK), Switzerland.
authors.forename: Undine E
authors.initials: UE
authors.lastname: Lang
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Fliedner Klinik Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Mazda
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Adli
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015992:Body Mass Index; D001835:Body Weight / Q000502:physiology; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D020738:Leptin / Q000032:analysis* / Q000097:blood; D008094:Lithium / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D015430:Weight Gain / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D020738:Leptin; D008094:Lithium
keywords: depression; leptin; lithium augmentation; weight gain