title: Medicinal plants used to control internal and external parasites in goats.
abstract: The use of medicinal plants plays a major role in the primary health care of animals in South Africa. A survey was conducted to document medicinal plants used to control parasites in goats in Kwezi and Ntambethemba villages in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. Information from 50 farmers and 3 herbalists was obtained through the use of a structured questionnaire, and a snowball sampling technique was used to identify key informants. The obtained data were analysed using PROC FREQ of SAS (2003), and fidelity level values were determined to estimate the healing potential of the mentioned plants. The survey revealed nine plant species belonging to eight families that were used to control parasites in goats. Asphodelaceae (22.22%) was the most frequently used plant family. Leaves were the most used plant parts, constituting 60.38%. They were prepared either as infusions or decoctions of single plants or in mixtures. Aloe ferox, Acokanthera oppositifolia and Elephantorrhiza elephantina were the plants having the highest fidelity level for their use to control parasites, each scoring 100%, followed by Albuca setosa (83.33%). The study revealed low knowledge about ethnoveterinary medicine in the study area. It also revealed that information on ethno-veterinary medicine in this area is mostly confined to older people and there is danger that this knowledge can be lost before being passed on to other generations. Therefore, there is an urgent need to document information on these plant species so that the future generation can benefit. Further investigation should be carried out to validate the efficacy and safety of the above-mentioned plants so as to provide cheap alternative ways of controlling parasites.
authors.forename: Marcia
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sanhokwe
authors.affiliation: Department of Livestock and Pasture Science, University of Fort Hare Alice. jmupangwa@ufh.ac.za.
authors.forename: Johnfisher
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mupangwa
authors.forename: Patrick J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Masika
authors.forename: Viola
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Maphosa
authors.forename: Voster
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Muchenje
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019448:Ethnobotany; D015511:Goat Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000469:parasitology; D006041:Goats; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D010273:Parasitic Diseases, Animal / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000469:parasitology; D008517:Phytotherapy / Q000662:veterinary*; D010946:Plants, Medicinal / Q000737:chemistry; D013019:South Africa
keywords: ailments; ethno-veterinary practices; small ruminant; traditional medicine.