title: Productivity losses associated with tuberculosis deaths in the World Health Organization African region.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In 2014, almost half of the global tuberculosis deaths occurred in the World Health Organization (WHO) African Region. Approximately 21.5 % of the 6 060 742 TB cases (new and relapse) reported to the WHO in 2014 were in the African Region. The specific objective of this study was to estimate future gross domestic product (GDP) losses associated with TB deaths in the African Region for use in advocating for better strategies to prevent and control tuberculosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  The cost-of-illness method was used to estimate non-health GDP losses associated with TB deaths. Future non-health GDP losses were discounted at 3 %. The analysis was conducted for three income groups of countries. One-way sensitivity analysis at 5 and 10 % discount rates was undertaken to assess the impact on the expected non-health GDP loss.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The 0.753 million tuberculosis deaths that occurred in the African Region in 2014 would be expected to decrease the future non-health GDP by International Dollars (Int$) 50.4 billion. Nearly 40.8, 46.7 and 12.5 % of that loss would come from high and upper-middle- countries or lower-middle- and low-income countries, respectively. The average total non-health GDP loss would be Int$66 872 per tuberculosis death. The average non-health GDP loss per TB death was Int$167 592 for Group 1, Int$69 808 for Group 2 and Int$21 513 for Group 3.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Tuberculosis exerts a sizeable economic burden on the economies of the WHO AFR countries. This implies the need to strongly advocate for better strategies to prevent and control tuberculosis and to help countries end the epidemic of tuberculosis by 2030, as envisioned in the United Nations General Assembly resolution on Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
authors.affiliation: African Sustainable Development Research Consortium (ASDRC), P.O. Box 6994 00100 GPO, Kenyatta Avenue, Nairobi, Kenya. muthurijoses@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Joses Muthuri
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Kirigia
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences and Humanities, United States International University, Nairobi, Kenya.
authors.forename: Rosenabi Deborah Karimi
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Muthuri
mesh_terms: D000349:Africa; D017281:Cost of Illness; D059066:Gross Domestic Product; D006801:Humans; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D014376:Tuberculosis / Q000191:economics* / Q000401:mortality*; D014944:World Health Organization / Q000191:economics*