title: Analyzing Language in Suicide Notes and Legacy Tokens.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Identifying precursors that will aid in the discovery of individuals who may harm themselves or others has long been a focus of scholarly research.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This work set out to determine if it is possible to use the legacy tokens of active shooters and notes left from individuals who completed suicide to uncover signals that foreshadow their behavior.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 25 suicide notes and 21 legacy tokens were compared with a sample of over 20,000 student writings for a preliminary computer-assisted text analysis to determine what differences can be coded with existing computer software to better identify students who may commit self-harm or harm to others.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results support that text analysis techniques with the Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count (LIWC) tool are effective for identifying suicidal or homicidal writings as distinct from each other and from a variety of student writings in an automated fashion.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Findings indicate support for automated identification of writings that were associated with harm to self, harm to others, and various other student writing products. This work begins to uncover the viability or larger scale, low cost methods of automatic detection for individuals suffering from harmful ideation.
authors.affiliation: 1 FIRE Risk Communication and Resilience, National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism (START), University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Egnoto
authors.affiliation: 2 Department of Communication Studies, College of Communication and Information Sciences, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA.
authors.forename: Darrin J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Griffin
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D006708:Homicide / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D007802:Language; D008037:Linguistics; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D059020:Suicidal Ideation; D013405:Suicide / Q000523:psychology*; D014956:Writing; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: LIWC text analysis; legacy tokens; prevention; suicide writings