title: When Health Diplomacy Serves Foreign Policy: Use of Soft Power to Quell Conflict and Crises.
abstract: Health diplomacy has increasingly become a crucial element in forging political neutrality and conflict resolution and the World Health Organization has strongly encouraged its use. Global turmoil has heightened, especially in the Middle East, and with it, political, religious, and cultural differences have become major reasons to incite crises.
  
  
  
  The authors cite the example of the human stampede and the deaths of over 2000 pilgrims during the 2015 annual Haj pilgrimage in Mecca.
  
  
  
  The resulting political conflict between Iran and Saudi Arabia had the potential to escalate into a more severe political and military crisis had it not been for the ministers of health from both countries successfully exercising "soft power" options.
  
  
  
  Global health security demands critical health diplomacy skills and training for all health providers. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2016;page 1 of 4).
authors.affiliation: 1International Affairs Department,Iranian Blood Transfusion Organization,Tehran,Iran.
authors.forename: Nasim Sadat
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Hosseini Divkolaye
authors.affiliation: 3Shahid Labbafinejad Hospital,Urology and Nephrology Research Center,Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences,Tehran,Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammad Hadi
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Radfar
authors.affiliation: 4Blood Transfusion Research Center,High Institute for Research & Education on Transfusion Medicine,Tehran,Iran.
authors.forename: Fariba
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Seighali
authors.affiliation: 5Harvard Humanitarian Initiative,Harvard University,Cambridge,MA,USA.
authors.forename: Frederick M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Burkle
mesh_terms: D000533:Altruism; D000067551:Diplomacy / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*; D014943:Global Health / Q000639:trends*; D006801:Humans; D007391:International Cooperation / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence; D007492:Iran; D017008:Negotiating / Q000379:methods* / Q000523:psychology; D011057:Politics; D011634:Public Health / Q000379:methods*; D012529:Saudi Arabia; D014944:World Health Organization / Q000458:organization & administration
keywords: Haj; conflict; global health security; health diplomacy; humanitarian crises