title: Membrane dynamics during cellular wound repair.
abstract: Cells rapidly reseal after damage, but how they do so is unknown. It has been hypothesized that resealing occurs due to formation of a patch derived from rapid fusion of intracellular compartments at the wound site. However, patching has never been directly visualized. Here we study membrane dynamics in wounded Xenopus laevis oocytes at high spatiotemporal resolution. Consistent with the patch hypothesis, we find that damage triggers rampant fusion of intracellular compartments, generating a barrier that limits influx of extracellular dextrans. Patch formation is accompanied by compound exocytosis, local accumulation and aggregation of vesicles, and rupture of compartments facing the external environment. Subcellular patterning is evident as annexin A1, dysferlin, diacylglycerol, active Rho, and active Cdc42 are recruited to compartments confined to different regions around the wound. We also find that a ring of elevated intracellular calcium overlaps the region where membrane dynamics are most evident and persists for several minutes. The results provide the first direct visualization of membrane patching during membrane repair, reveal novel features of the repair process, and show that a remarkable degree of spatial patterning accompanies damage-induced membrane dynamics.
authors.affiliation: Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706.
authors.forename: Nicholas R
authors.initials: NR
authors.lastname: Davenport
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706.
authors.forename: Kevin J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Sonnemann
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706 Laboratory for Optical and Computational Instrumentation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706.
authors.forename: Kevin W
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Eliceiri
authors.affiliation: Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706 Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706 Department of Zoology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706 wmbement@wisc.edu.
authors.forename: William M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Bement
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017305:Annexin A1 / Q000378:metabolism; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D020013:Calcium Signaling; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000502:physiology; D000073939:Dysferlin; D005089:Exocytosis / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007424:Intracellular Fluid / Q000378:metabolism; D008247:Lysosomes / Q000378:metabolism; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D009124:Muscle Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D009865:Oocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D061848:Optical Imaging / Q000379:methods; D015388:Organelles / Q000378:metabolism; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000502:physiology*; D014982:Xenopus laevis
chemical_list: D017305:Annexin A1; C114839:DYSF protein, human; D000073939:Dysferlin; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D009124:Muscle Proteins; D002118:Calcium