title: The effect of pasteurization on trace elements in donor breast milk.
abstract: Premature infants often receive pasteurized donor human milk when mothers are unable to provide their own milk. This study aims to establish the effect of the pasteurization process on a range of trace elements in donor milk.
  
  
  
  Breast milk was collected from 16 mothers donating to the milk bank at the Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital. Samples were divided into pre- and post-pasteurization aliquots and were Holder pasteurized. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry was used to analyze the trace elements zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), selenium (Se), manganese (Mn), iodine (I), iron (Fe), molybdenum (Mo) and bromine (Br). Differences in trace elements pre- and post-pasteurization were analyzed.
  
  
  
  No significant differences were found between the trace elements tested pre- and post-pasteurization, except for Fe (P<0.05). The median (interquartile range, 25 to 75%; μg l(-1)) of trace elements for pre- and post- pasteurization aliquots were-Zn: 1639 (888-4508), 1743 (878-4143), Cu: 360 (258-571), 367 (253-531), Se: 12.34 (11.73-17.60), 12.62 (11.94-16.64), Mn: (1.48 (1.01-1.75), 1.49 (1.11-1.75), I (153 (94-189), 158 (93-183), Fe (211 (171-277), 194 (153-253), Mo (1.46 (0.37-2.99), 1.42 (0.29-3.73) and Br (1066 (834-1443), 989 (902-1396).
  
  
  
  Pasteurization had minimal effect on several trace elements in donor breast milk but high levels of inter-donor variability of trace elements were observed. The observed decrease in the iron content of pasteurized donor milk is, however, unlikely to be clinically relevant.
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mohd-Taufek
authors.affiliation: Grantley Stable Neonatal Unit, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Metro North Health Services District, Herston, QLD, Australia.|Department of Paediatrics & Child Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cartwright
authors.affiliation: Grantley Stable Neonatal Unit, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Metro North Health Services District, Herston, QLD, Australia.|Department of Paediatrics & Child Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Davies
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Hewavitharana
authors.affiliation: Grantley Stable Neonatal Unit, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Metro North Health Services District, Herston, QLD, Australia.|Department of Paediatrics & Child Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Koorts
authors.affiliation: Grantley Stable Neonatal Unit, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Metro North Health Services District, Herston, QLD, Australia.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: McConachy
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
authors.forename: P N
authors.initials: PN
authors.lastname: Shaw
authors.affiliation: Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Queensland Health Forensic and Scientific Services, Coopers Plains, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sumner
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.|Grantley Stable Neonatal Unit, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Metro North Health Services District, Herston, QLD, Australia.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Whitfield
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007227:Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D007234:Infant, Premature; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D017784:Milk Banks; D008895:Milk, Human / Q000737:chemistry*; D061352:Pasteurization; D014131:Trace Elements / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D014131:Trace Elements