title: Vaccination Against Tuberculosis With Whole-Cell Mycobacterial Vaccines.
abstract: Live attenuated and killed whole-cell vaccines (WCVs) offer promising vaccination strategies against tuberculosis. A number of WCV candidates, based on recombinant bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG), attenuated Mycobacterium tuberculosis, or related mycobacterial species are in various stages of preclinical or clinical development. In this review, we discuss the vaccine candidates and key factors shaping the development pathway for live and killed WCVs and provide an update on progress.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine Division of Immunology, University of Cape Town, South Africa.
authors.forename: Thomas J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Scriba
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Stefan H E
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Kaufmann
authors.affiliation: Center of Vaccinology, University Medical Center, University of Geneva, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Henri Lambert
authors.affiliation: Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, Washington.
authors.forename: Melvin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sanicas
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zaragoza ISS Aragón Zaragoza CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.affiliation: CNRS, IPBS (Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale) Université de Toulouse, UPS, IPBS, France.
authors.forename: Olivier
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Neyrolles
mesh_terms: D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; D006801:Humans; D009161:Mycobacterium / Q000276:immunology*; D014376:Tuberculosis / Q000517:prevention & control*; D032581:Tuberculosis Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology*; D014613:Vaccines, Attenuated / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology; D015164:Vaccines, Inactivated / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D032581:Tuberculosis Vaccines; D014613:Vaccines, Attenuated; D015164:Vaccines, Inactivated
keywords: BCG; tuberculosis; vaccine; whole-cell vaccine