title: Toxicity of Cu (II) to the green alga Chlorella vulgaris: a perspective of photosynthesis and oxidant stress.
abstract: The toxic effects of Cu (II) on the freshwater green algae Chlorella vulgaris and its chloroplast were investigated by detecting the responses of photosynthesis and oxidant stress. The results showed that Cu (II) arrested the growth of C. vulgaris and presented in a concentration- and time-dependent trend and the SRichards 2 model fitted the inhibition curve best. The chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, including qP, Y (II), ETR, F v /F m , and F v /F 0, were stimulated at low concentration of Cu (II) but declined at high concentration, indicating the photosystem II (PSII) of C. vulgaris was destroyed by Cu (II). The chloroplasts were extracted, and the Hill reaction activity (HRA) of chloroplast was significantly decreased with the increasing Cu (II) concentration under both illuminating and dark condition, and faster decline speed was observed under dark condition. Activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) and malondialdehyde (MDA) content were also significantly decreased at high concentration Cu (II), companied with a large number of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. All these results indicated a severe oxidative stress on algal cells occurred as well as the effect on photosynthesis, thus inhibiting the growth of algae, which providing sights to evaluate the phytotoxicity of Cu (II).
authors.affiliation: Institute of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
authors.forename: Zunwei
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Institute of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
authors.forename: Shufang
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: Institute of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China. wenyuezhong@zju.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Yuezhong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wen
authors.affiliation: Institute of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
authors.forename: Yuqin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zou
authors.affiliation: School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310012, China. lhj@mail.zjgsu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Huijun
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D048408:Chlorella vulgaris / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D002734:Chlorophyll / Q000378:metabolism; D003300:Copper / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D010788:Photosynthesis / Q000187:drug effects*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000494:pharmacology; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D002734:Chlorophyll; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D003300:Copper; D002374:Catalase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase
keywords: Algae; Heavy mental; Oxidative stress; Photosynthesis; Toxicity