title: The effects of different irrigation protocols on removing calcium hydroxide from the root canals.
abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficiencies of different irrigation protocols and solutions in the removal of calcium hydroxide (Ca[OH]2).
  
  
  
  Sixty-eight maxillary incisors were used. Root canals were prepared and filled with Ca(OH)2. Two control (n = 4) and six experimental groups (n = 10) were adjusted: Group 1:1% peracetic acid (PAA) + master apical file (MAF); Group 2: 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) + MAF; Group 3: 9% 1-hydroxyethylidene-1,1-bisphosphonate (HEBP) + MAF; Group 4: 1% PAA + ultrasonic activation (UA); Group 5: 17% EDTA + UA; Group 6: 9% HEBP + UA. The cleanliness of root canal thirds were evaluated with scanning electron microscopy. Statistical analysis were performed (α = 0.05).
  
  
  
  At coronal thirds; PAA + UA was superior to EDTA + MAF, HEBP + MAF; and PAA + MAF was superior to EDTA + MAF, HEBP + MAF (P < 0.05). At middle thirds; PAA + MAF and PAA + UA were superior to EDTA + MAF and EDTA + UA; and, PAA + UA was superior to HEBP + MAF (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences among the rest of the experimental groups (P > 0.05).
  
  
  
  Complete removal of Ca(OH)2could not be achieved by none of the irrigants at all root thirds.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38039, Turkey.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Üstün
authors.affiliation: Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38039, Turkey.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Aslan
authors.affiliation: Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38039, Turkey.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sagsen
authors.affiliation: Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Bezmialem University, İstanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: A N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Dincer
mesh_terms: D002126:Calcium Hydroxide / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D003786:Dental Pulp Cavity / Q000737:chemistry / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D007180:Incisor / Q000601:surgery*; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D012388:Root Canal Irrigants / Q000737:chemistry*; D018915:Root Canal Preparation / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D012388:Root Canal Irrigants; D002126:Calcium Hydroxide