title: Serum levels of phosphorylated heat shock protein 27 (pHSP27) are associated with bone mineral density in pre- & postmenopausal women: A pilot study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Phosphorylated heat shock protein 27 (pHSP27) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis. oxidative stress and proinflammatory cytokines, which are known to be involved in aetiology of osteoporosis, can trigger HSP27 phosphorylation. Since pHSP27 is present in circulation, it was hypothesized that serum pHSP27 would be elevated in low bone mineral density (BMD) condition and might serve as an indicator of osteoporosis/osteopenia. Hence, the aim of this study was to examine serum levels of pHSP27 in relation with BMD in pre- and postmenopausal women.
  
  
  METHODS
  Premenopausal (30 to 40 yr) and postmenopausal (50 to 60 yr) women having either low BMD (osteopenia/osteoporosis) or high BMD were selected (n=80) from a prospective cohort (n=200). Serum levels of pHSP27; along with levels of oestradiol, malondialdehyde, total antioxidant capacity, interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, tumour necrosis factor - alpha, (TNF-α), c-telopeptide fragments of collagen type I (CTX-1) and osteocalcin were estimated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The serum levels of pHSP27 were significantly elevated in low BMD groups in premenopausal and postmenopausal categories (p<0.05). It also exhibited a significant odds ratio (OR) to differentiate between low and high BMD in both premenopausal (OR=1.734, p=0.013) and postmenopausal (OR=1.463, p=0.042) categories. Additionally, area under the curve to predict low BMD was non-significantly higher for pHSP27 than CTX-1 in premenopausal and postmenopausal categories.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study highlights a novel relation between serum pHSP27 and BMD in Indian women however, these findings need to be confirmed in larger studies.
authors.affiliation: Division of Molecular Immunodiagnostics, National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health (ICMR), Mumbai, India.
authors.forename: Bhavna
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Daswani
authors.affiliation: Division of Molecular Immunodiagnostics, National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health (ICMR), Mumbai, India.
authors.forename: Shubhangi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gavali
authors.affiliation: Division of Molecular Immunodiagnostics, National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health (ICMR), Mumbai, India.
authors.forename: Meena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Desai
authors.affiliation: Division of Clinical Research, National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health (ICMR), Mumbai, India.
authors.forename: Anushree
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Patil
authors.affiliation: Division of Molecular Immunodiagnostics, National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health (ICMR), Mumbai, India.
authors.forename: M Ikram
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Khatkhatay
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015519:Bone Density / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D055551:HSP27 Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000097:blood* / Q000235:genetics; D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins; D006801:Humans; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D008875:Middle Aged; D018832:Molecular Chaperones; D015675:Osteocalcin / Q000097:blood; D010024:Osteoporosis / Q000097:blood* / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000235:genetics; D010766:Phosphorylation; D010865:Pilot Projects; D017698:Postmenopause / Q000097:blood; D017697:Premenopause / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D055551:HSP27 Heat-Shock Proteins; C057725:HSPB1 protein, human; D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins; D015850:Interleukin-6; D018832:Molecular Chaperones; D015675:Osteocalcin