title: 1,2,3-Triazole-Functionalized Polysulfone Synthesis through Microwave-Assisted Copper-Catalyzed Click Chemistry: A Highly Proton Conducting High Temperature Membrane.
abstract: Microwave heating holds all the aces regarding development of effective and environmentally friendly methods to perform chemical transformations. Coupling the benefits of microwave-enhanced chemistry with highly reliable copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) click chemistry paves the way for a rapid and efficient synthesis procedure to afford high performance thermoplastic materials. We describe herein fast and high yielding synthesis of 1,2,3-triazole-functionalized polysulfone through microwave-assisted CuAAC as well as explore their potential as phosphoric acid doped polymer electrolyte membranes (PEM) for high temperature PEM fuel cells. Polymers with various degrees of substitution of the side-chain functionality of 1,4-substituted 1,2,3-triazole with alkyl and aryl pendant structures are prepared by sequential chloromethylation, azidation, and microwave-assisted CuAAC using a range of alkynes (1-pentyne, 1-nonyne, and phenylacetylene). The completeness of reaction at each step and the purity of the clicked polymers were confirmed by (1)H-(13)C NMR, DOSY-NMR and FTIR-ATR spectroscopies. The thermal and thermochemical properties of the modified polymers were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis coupled with mass spectroscopy (TG-MS), respectively. TG-MS analysis demonstrated that the commencement of the thermal degradation takes place with the decomposition of the triazole ring while its substituents have critical influence on the initiation temperature. Polysulfone functionalized with 4-phenyl-1,2,3-triazole demonstrates significantly higher Tg, Td, and elastic modulus than the ones bearing 4-propyl-1,2,3-triazole and 4-heptyl-1,2,3-triazole groups. After doping with phosphoric acid, the functionalized polymers with acid doping level of 5 show promising performance with high proton conductivity in anhydrous conditions (in the range of 27-35 mS/cm) and satisfactorily high elastic modulus (in the range of 332-349 MPa).
authors.affiliation: Institut Charles Gerhardt Montpellier, UMR CNRS 5253, Agrégats Interfaces et Matériaux pour l'Energie, Université de Montpellier , 34095 Cedex 5 Montpellier, France.
authors.forename: Rakhi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sood
authors.affiliation: Institut Charles Gerhardt Montpellier, UMR CNRS 5253, Agrégats Interfaces et Matériaux pour l'Energie, Université de Montpellier , 34095 Cedex 5 Montpellier, France.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Donnadio
authors.affiliation: Institut Charles Gerhardt Montpellier, UMR CNRS 5253, Agrégats Interfaces et Matériaux pour l'Energie, Université de Montpellier , 34095 Cedex 5 Montpellier, France.
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Giancola
authors.affiliation: Institut Charles Gerhardt Montpellier, UMR CNRS 5253, Agrégats Interfaces et Matériaux pour l'Energie, Université de Montpellier , 34095 Cedex 5 Montpellier, France.
authors.forename: Aurélien
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kreisz
authors.affiliation: Institut Charles Gerhardt Montpellier, UMR CNRS 5253, Agrégats Interfaces et Matériaux pour l'Energie, Université de Montpellier , 34095 Cedex 5 Montpellier, France.
authors.forename: Deborah J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.affiliation: Institut Charles Gerhardt Montpellier, UMR CNRS 5253, Agrégats Interfaces et Matériaux pour l'Energie, Université de Montpellier , 34095 Cedex 5 Montpellier, France.
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cavaliere
keywords: 1,2,3-triazole-functionalized polysulfone; click chemistry; copper-catalyzed azide−alkyne cycloaddition; high temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells; microwave-assisted organic synthesis; phosphoric acid doped membranes