title: Cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of bacterial magnetosomes against human retinal pigment epithelium cells.
abstract: A variety of nanomaterials have been developed for ocular diseases. The ability of these nanomaterials to pass through the blood-ocular barrier and their biocompatibility are essential characteristics that must be considered. Bacterial magnetosomes (BMs) are a type of biogenic magnetic nanomaterials synthesized by magnetotactic bacteria. Due to their unique biomolecular membrane shell and narrow size distribution of approximately 30 nm, BMs can pass through the blood-brain barrier. The similarity of the blood-ocular barrier to the blood-brain barrier suggests that BMs have great potential as treatments for ocular diseases. In this work, BMs were isolated from magnetotactic bacteria and evaluated in various cytotoxicity and genotoxicity studies in human retinal pigment epithelium (ARPE-19) cells. The BMs entered ARPE-19 cells by endocytosis after a 6-h incubation and displayed much lower cytotoxicity than chemically synthesized magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs). MNPs exhibited significantly higher genotoxicity than BMs and promoted the expression of Bax (the programmed cell death acceleration protein) and the induction of greater cell necrosis. In BM-treated cells, apoptosis tended to be suppressed via increased expression of the Bcl-2 protein. In conclusion, BMs display excellent biocompatibility and potential for use in the treatment of ocular diseases.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Advanced Materials for Nano-Bio Applications, School of Ophthalmology &Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 270 Xueyuan Xi Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China.
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Qi
authors.affiliation: Institute of Advanced Materials for Nano-Bio Applications, School of Ophthalmology &Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 270 Xueyuan Xi Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China.
authors.forename: Xiujuan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Lv
authors.affiliation: Biogeomagnetism Group, Paleomagnetism and Geochronology Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China.|France-China Bio-Mineralization and Nanostructures Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China.
authors.forename: Tongwei
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Advanced Materials for Nano-Bio Applications, School of Ophthalmology &Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 270 Xueyuan Xi Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China.
authors.forename: Peina
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Jia
authors.affiliation: Institute of Advanced Materials for Nano-Bio Applications, School of Ophthalmology &Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 270 Xueyuan Xi Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China.
authors.forename: Ruiying
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
authors.forename: Shuli
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Institute of Advanced Materials for Nano-Bio Applications, School of Ophthalmology &Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 270 Xueyuan Xi Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China.
authors.forename: Ruitao
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zou
authors.affiliation: Institute of Advanced Materials for Nano-Bio Applications, School of Ophthalmology &Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 270 Xueyuan Xi Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China.
authors.forename: Yuhua
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xue
authors.affiliation: Institute of Advanced Materials for Nano-Bio Applications, School of Ophthalmology &Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 270 Xueyuan Xi Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China.|Center of Advanced Science and Engineering for Carbon (Case4Carbon), Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, United States.
authors.forename: Liming
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Dai
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D004705:Endocytosis; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D058185:Magnetite Nanoparticles / Q000633:toxicity; D055944:Magnetosomes / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D042201:Magnetospirillum / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000502:physiology; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000819:agonists / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D055213:Retinal Pigment Epithelium / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C494826:BAX protein, human; C000595707:BCL2 protein, human; D058185:Magnetite Nanoparticles; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein