title: Sequential morphometric evaluation at UnicCa®and DCD®implant surfaces. An experimental study in the dog.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study tissue components adjacent to implants with nanotechnologically modified surfaces at different periods of healing.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 12 beagle dogs, two different implant systems with different surface configurations were randomly installed in the edentulous premolar regions of the mandible. One surface was first acid-etched and subsequently, nanotechnologically modified with calcium ions (UnicCa®), while the other was first sandblasted and acid-etched, and then additionally treated with a nanometer calcium phosphate deposition (discrete crystalline deposition; DCD®). The implants were fully submerged; surgeries and sacrifices were planned to harvest biopsies after 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks of healing (n = 6 per period). A morphometric evaluation of percentages of new and old bone, bone debris/particles and clot, new soft tissues (provisional matrix and immature marrow), mature bone marrow and vessels was performed in the spongiosa compartment adjacent to the implant surface up to a distance of about 0.4 mm from the surface.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After 2 weeks of healing, the soft tissues were represented by 41.0% at the UnicCa®and 37.9% at the DCD®surfaces, in both cases mainly being composed of provisional matrix. These percentages decreased over time, being composed of greater amounts of immature bone marrow, and disappeared after 8 weeks. New bone increased progressively between 1 and 8 weeks of healing from 9.7 ± 6.3% to 70.0 ± 8.4% and from 8.2 ± 3.5% to 67.0 ± 6.1% at the UnicCa®and DCD®surfaces, respectively. Pristine bone was progressively resorbed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Throughout the periods of healing observed, the formation of a provisional matrix followed by the formation of new bone and marrow was revealed in a similar fashion as for other modified surface configurations.
authors.affiliation: Section of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
authors.forename: Vittorio
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Favero
authors.affiliation: Center for Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.|University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Niklaus P
authors.initials: NP
authors.lastname: Lang
authors.affiliation: ARDEC Academy, Ariminum Odontologica, Rimini, Italy.
authors.forename: Riccardo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Favero
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo University (USP), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.
authors.forename: Antonio A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Antunes
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo University (USP), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.
authors.forename: Luiz A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Salata
authors.affiliation: ARDEC Academy, Ariminum Odontologica, Rimini, Italy.|POI - Programa Odontológico Internacional, Cartagena de Indias, Colombia.
authors.forename: Daniele
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Botticelli
mesh_terms: D000134:Acid Etching, Dental; D000818:Animals; D002130:Calcium Phosphates / Q000737:chemistry; D003758:Dental Implantation, Endosseous / Q000379:methods*; D015921:Dental Implants; D004285:Dogs; D008334:Mandible / Q000601:surgery; D008422:Materials Testing; D036103:Nanotechnology; D016348:Osseointegration / Q000502:physiology; D013499:Surface Properties; D013524:Surgical Flaps; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D002130:Calcium Phosphates; D015921:Dental Implants; C020243:calcium phosphate
keywords: animal study; bone; bone healing; early healing; histology; implant dentistry; implant surface; morphometry