title: Hypoglycemic episodes are associated with inflammatory status in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus.
abstract: Glycemic control may be associated with inflammatory status in type 1 diabetes (T1DM). We examined the association between glucose control parameters and circulating inflammation markers in T1DM.
  
  
  
  The study included 101 T1DM patients treated with personal insulin pumps (T1DM duration 15.2 + 7.3 years). The analysed glycemic parameters included HbA1c, mean glucose level, standard deviation and number of hypoglycemic episodes (glucose <55 mg/dL) from the last 7 days. Blood was collected for testing inflammatory markers (IL-6, VCAM, ICAM, E-selectin).
  
  
  
  The T1DM cohort had good glycemic control (HbA1c 7.1 ± 0.8%, mean daily glucose 141.5 ± 27.1 mg/dL and the mean number of hypoglycemic episodes was 5.6 ± 4.0/week). In a forward stepwise multiple linear regression analysis the number of hypoglycemic episodes predicted the levels of the investigated markers (sICAM p = 0.0019, sVCAM p = 0.021, sE-selectin p = 0.048, and IL-6 p = 0.049). None of the other glycemic parameters was shown to be an independent predictor.
  
  
  
  For the first time, we report an association between the number of mild hypoglycemic episodes, recorded in a real life setting, and the level of inflammatory markers in T1DM patients with good glycemic control.
authors.affiliation: Department of Metabolic Diseases, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland; University Hospital, Krakow, Poland.
authors.forename: Beata
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kiec-Wilk
authors.affiliation: Department of Metabolic Diseases, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland.
authors.forename: Bartlomiej
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Matejko
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland.
authors.forename: Urszula
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Razny
authors.affiliation: University Hospital, Krakow, Poland.
authors.forename: Magdalena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stankiewicz
authors.affiliation: Department of Metabolic Diseases, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland; University Hospital, Krakow, Poland.
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Skupien
authors.affiliation: Department of Metabolic Diseases, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland; University Hospital, Krakow, Poland.
authors.forename: Tomasz
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Klupa
authors.affiliation: Department of Metabolic Diseases, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland; University Hospital, Krakow, Poland. Electronic address: malecki_malecki@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Maciej T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Malecki
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D015331:Cohort Studies; D048909:Diabetes Complications / Q000097:blood; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications; D019040:E-Selectin / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D007003:Hypoglycemia / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007249:Inflammation; D007260:Infusion Pumps; D007328:Insulin / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D001786:Blood Glucose; D019040:E-Selectin; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1; C573420:ICAM1 protein, human; C546936:SELE protein, human; C517652:hemoglobin A1c protein, human
keywords: Diabetes type 1; Endothelial dysfunction; Inflammation; Mild hypoglycemia; Short communication