title: Predictors of coronary artery disease in middle-aged Taiwanese women at premenopause, postmenopause and after undergoing hysterectomy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the predictors of coronary artery disease among middle-aged women at various menopausal statuses.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Few studies have explored coronary artery disease predictors among middle-aged women at various menopausal statuses, particularly with the inclusion of women who underwent a hysterectomy.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional design was adopted.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two hundred and twenty-five middle-aged women who were waiting for catheterisation examinations because of possible coronary artery disease were selected. These patients were divided into premenopausal (n = 41), postmenopausal (n = 143) and women who had undergone a hysterectomy groups (n = 41). The differences in the risk factors for coronary artery disease between patients with coronary artery disease (catheterisation results showing stenosis of >50% in at least one major coronary artery) and those without coronary artery disease in the three groups were compared.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The participants were aged 56·8 ± 5·9 years. In the premenopausal group, the odds of coronary artery disease among ever or current smokers was 8·46 times the odds of coronary artery disease for the never smokers. In the postmenopausal group, the odds of coronary artery disease among diabetes patients was 2·89 times the odds of coronary artery disease for those without diabetes. Each additional point on the Chinese Beck Depression Inventory-II increased the risk of coronary artery disease by 5%. In the hysterectomy group, each additional increase in 1 mmHg in systolic blood pressure increased the risk of coronary artery disease by 4%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Smoking, diabetes, depression and systolic blood pressure are predictors of coronary artery disease in middle-aged women at premenopause, postmenopause and after undergoing hysterectomy respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results are beneficial for middle-aged women at various menopausal stages to effectively implement prevention of coronary artery disease. These findings were among women being evaluated for possible coronary artery disease, we suggest the need for further study in lager, longitudinal studies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nursing, College of Nursing, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Tao Yuan, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Ching-Ching
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Tsai
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.|Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Ming-Hsiung
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Hsieh
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.|Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.|Graduate Institute of Biomedical informatics, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Hung-Yu
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.|Department of Internal Medicine and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.|Graduate Institute of Nursing, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.affiliation: Graduate Institute of Nursing, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan. chii@tmu.edu.tw.
authors.forename: Chii
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Jeng
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007044:Hysterectomy; D008875:Middle Aged; D017698:Postmenopause; D017697:Premenopause; D012307:Risk Factors; D013624:Taiwan / Q000453:epidemiology
keywords: coronary artery disease; hysterectomy; middle-aged women; postmenopausal; premenopausal