title: Primate TRIM5 proteins form hexagonal nets on HIV-1 capsids.
abstract: TRIM5 proteins are restriction factors that block retroviral infections by binding viral capsids and preventing reverse transcription. Capsid recognition is mediated by C-terminal domains on TRIM5α (SPRY) or TRIMCyp (cyclophilin A), which interact weakly with capsids. Efficient capsid recognition also requires the conserved N-terminal tripartite motifs (TRIM), which mediate oligomerization and create avidity effects. To characterize how TRIM5 proteins recognize viral capsids, we developed methods for isolating native recombinant TRIM5 proteins and purifying stable HIV-1 capsids. Biochemical and EM analyses revealed that TRIM5 proteins assembled into hexagonal nets, both alone and on capsid surfaces. These nets comprised open hexameric rings, with the SPRY domains centered on the edges and the B-box and RING domains at the vertices. Thus, the principles of hexagonal TRIM5 assembly and capsid pattern recognition are conserved across primates, allowing TRIM5 assemblies to maintain the conformational plasticity necessary to recognize divergent and pleomorphic retroviral capsids.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, United States.
authors.forename: Yen-Li
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, United States.
authors.forename: Viswanathan
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-0871-4740
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Chandrasekaran
authors.affiliation: Division of Biology, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, United States.
authors.forename: Stephen D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Carter
authors.affiliation: Division of Biology, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, United States.
authors.forename: Cora L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Woodward
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, United States.
authors.forename: Devin E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Christensen
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, United States.
authors.forename: Kelly A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Dryden
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, United States.
authors.forename: Owen
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-9056-5002
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Pornillos
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, United States.|Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, United States.
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yeager
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, United States.
authors.forename: Barbie K
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Ganser-Pornillos
authors.affiliation: Division of Biology, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, United States.|Howard Hughes Medical Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, United States.
authors.forename: Grant J
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-7095-3507
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Jensen
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, United States.
authors.forename: Wesley I
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-9988-6021
authors.initials: WI
authors.lastname: Sundquist
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002213:Capsid / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D018360:Crystallography, X-Ray; D019281:Dimerization; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D057809:HEK293 Cells; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D011323:Primates / Q000378:metabolism*; D011487:Protein Conformation; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D002352:Carrier Proteins; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins
keywords: HIV-1; TRIM5; capsid; hexagonal assembly; human; immunology; infectious disease; microbiology; restriction; virus