title: Pigmented Silk Nanofibrous Composite for Skeletal Muscle Tissue Engineering.
abstract: Skeletal muscle tissue engineering (SMTE) employs designed biomaterial scaffolds for promoting myogenic differentiation of myoblasts to functional myotubes. Oxidative stress plays a significant role in the biocompatibility of biomaterials as well as in the fate of myoblasts during myogenesis and is also associated with pathological conditions such as myotonic dystrophy. The inherent electrical excitability of muscle cells inspired the use of electroactive scaffolds for SMTE. Conducting polymers attracted the attention of researchers for their use in muscle tissue engineering. However, poor biocompatibility, biodegradability and development of oxidative stress associated immunogenic response limits the extensive use of synthetic conducting polymers for SMTE. In order to address the limitations of synthetic polymers, intrinsically electroactive and antioxidant silk fibroin/melanin composite films and electrospun fiber mats were fabricated and evaluated as scaffolds for promoting myogenesis in vitro. Melanin incorporation modulated the thermal stability, electrical conductivity of scaffolds, fiber alignment in electrospun mats and imparted good antioxidant properties to the scaffolds. The composite electrospun scaffolds promoted myoblast assembly and differentiation into uniformly aligned high aspect ratio myotubes. The results highlight the significance of scaffold topography along with conductivity in promoting myogenesis and the potential application of silk nanofibrous composite as electoractive platform for SMTE.
authors.affiliation: Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory, New Chemistry Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur, Bengaluru, 560064, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: Shivaprasad
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Manchineella
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Biomaterials, Materials Research Centre, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, 560012, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: Greeshma
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Thrivikraman
authors.affiliation: Organic Nano Electronic Laboratory, Department of Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, 560012, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: Khadija K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Khanum
authors.affiliation: Organic Nano Electronic Laboratory, Department of Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, 560012, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: Praveen C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Ramamurthy
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Biomaterials, Materials Research Centre, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, 560012, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: Bikramjit
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Basu
authors.affiliation: Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory, New Chemistry Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur, Bengaluru, 560064, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Govindaraju
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D012831:Bombyx / Q000378:metabolism; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D005349:Fibroins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008543:Melanins / Q000737:chemistry; D051379:Mice; D024510:Muscle Development / Q000187:drug effects; D018485:Muscle Fibers, Skeletal / Q000187:drug effects; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000187:drug effects*; D032446:Myoblasts / Q000187:drug effects; D057139:Nanofibers / Q000737:chemistry*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D010860:Pigments, Biological / Q000737:chemistry*; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry; D047011:Silk / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000379:methods; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D008543:Melanins; D010860:Pigments, Biological; D011108:Polymers; D047011:Silk; D005349:Fibroins
keywords: biomaterials; electroactive and antioxidant scaffolds; electrospinning; myogenesis; silk/melanin composite