title: Tiny Turtles Purchased at Pet Stores are a Potential High Risk for Salmonella Human Infection in the Valencian Region, Eastern Spain.
abstract: Turtles may be considered unsafe pets, particularly in households with children. This study aimed to assess Salmonella carriage by turtles in pet stores and in private ownership to inform the public of the potential health risk, enabling informed choices around pet selection. During the period between September and October 2013, 24 pet stores and 96 private owners were sampled in the Valencian Region (Eastern Spain). Salmonella identification procedure was based on ISO 6579: 2002 recommendations (Annex D). Salmonella strains were serotyped in accordance with Kauffman-White-Le-Minor technique. The rate of isolation of Salmonella was very high from pet store samples (75.0% ± 8.8%) and moderate for private owners (29.0% ± 4.6%). Serotyping revealed 18 different serotypes among two Salmonella enterica subspecies: S. enterica subsp. enterica and S. enterica subsp. diarizonae. Most frequently isolated serotypes were Salmonella Typhimurium (39.5%, 17/43) and Salmonella Pomona (9.3%, 4/43). Serotypes identified have previously been reported in turtles, and child Salmonella infections associate with pet turtle exposure. The present study clearly demonstrates that turtles in pet stores, as well as in private owners, could be a direct or indirect source of a high risk of human Salmonella infections. In addition, pet stores should advise their customers of the potential risks associated with reptile ownership.
authors.affiliation: 1 Departamento de Producción Animal, Sanidad Animal, Salud Pública Veterinaria y Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad CEU-Cardenal Herrera , Alfara del Patriarca, Valencia, Spain .
authors.forename: Clara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Marin
authors.affiliation: 1 Departamento de Producción Animal, Sanidad Animal, Salud Pública Veterinaria y Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad CEU-Cardenal Herrera , Alfara del Patriarca, Valencia, Spain .
authors.forename: Santiago
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vega
authors.affiliation: 2 Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología Animal, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia , Valencia, Spain .
authors.forename: Francisco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Marco-Jiménez
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D006801:Humans; D057805:Pets; D012307:Risk Factors; D012475:Salmonella / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D012480:Salmonella Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000635:transmission; D012481:Salmonella Infections, Animal / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000635:transmission; D013030:Spain; D014426:Turtles / Q000382:microbiology*; D015047:Zoonoses / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology*
keywords: Children; Owners; Pet shop; Pet turtles; Salmonellosis.