title: BMI and BMD: The Potential Interplay between Obesity and Bone Fragility.
abstract: Recent evidence demonstrating an increased fracture risk among obese individuals suggests that adipose tissue may negatively impact bone health, challenging the traditional paradigm of fat mass playing a protective role towards bone health. White adipose tissue, far from being a mere energy depot, is a dynamic tissue actively implicated in metabolic reactions, and in fact secretes several hormones called adipokines and inflammatory factors that may in turn promote bone resorption. More specifically, Visceral Adipose Tissue (VAT) may potentially prove detrimental. It is widely acknowledged that obesity is positively associated to many chronic disorders such as metabolic syndrome, dyslipidemia and type 2 diabetes, conditions that could themselves affect bone health. Although aging is largely known to decrease bone strength, little is yet known on the mechanisms via which obesity and its comorbidities may contribute to such damage. Given the exponentially growing obesity rate in recent years and the increased life expectancy of western countries it appears of utmost importance to timely focus on this topic.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, University Campus Bio-Medico, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 21, Rome 00128, Italy. a.palermo@unicampus.it.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Palermo
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, University Campus Bio-Medico, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 21, Rome 00128, Italy. d.tuccinardi@unicampus.it.
authors.forename: Dario
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Tuccinardi
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, University Campus Bio-Medico, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 21, Rome 00128, Italy. g.defeudis@unicampus.it.|Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome 00185, Italy. g.defeudis@unicampus.it.
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Defeudis
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome 00185, Italy. mikiko.watanabe@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Mikiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Medicine, Polo Pontino, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome 00185, Italy. luca.donofrio@live.com.
authors.forename: Luca
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: D'Onofrio
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, University Campus Bio-Medico, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 21, Rome 00128, Italy. a.pantano@unicampus.it.
authors.forename: Angelo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lauria Pantano
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, University Campus Bio-Medico, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 21, Rome 00128, Italy. n.napoli@unicampus.it.
authors.forename: Nicola
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Napoli
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, University Campus Bio-Medico, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 21, Rome 00128, Italy. p.pozzilli@unicampus.it.|Centre of Diabetes, Barts &amp; the London School of Medicine, London E1 2AT, UK. p.pozzilli@unicampus.it.
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pozzilli
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, University Campus Bio-Medico, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 21, Rome 00128, Italy. s.manfrini@unicampus.it.
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Manfrini
mesh_terms: D054392:Adipokines / Q000378:metabolism; D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000503:physiopathology*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D015519:Bone Density / Q000502:physiology*; D001862:Bone Resorption / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000150:complications; D009765:Obesity / Q000503:physiopathology*
chemical_list: D054392:Adipokines; D018836:Inflammation Mediators
keywords: body composition; fracture; inflammation; obesity; osteoporosis