title: Port-site transversus abdominis fascia closure reduced the incidence of incisional hernia following retroperitoneal laparoscopic nephrectomy.
abstract: The incidence of incisional hernia after laparoscopic surgery is reportedly 0-5.2 %; there are only a few reports of that following retroperitoneal laparoscopic nephrectomy. We evaluated the incidence of and risk factors for incisional hernia after retroperitoneal laparoscopic nephrectomy, and the efficacy of our novel prophylaxis technique.
  
  
  
  A total of 207 renal cell carcinoma patients who underwent laparoscopic nephrectomy at Chiba University Hospital were retrospectively enrolled in this study. We compared the incidences of incisional hernia following the transperitoneal vs. retroperitoneal approaches, and, among the latter group, the incidences with vs. without use of our prophylaxis method. Also among the retroperitoneal-approach group, we evaluated selected patient characteristics as potential hernia risk factors.
  
  
  
  The rate of incisional hernias was 14 (8.7 %) after 161 retroperitoneal laparoscopic nephrectomies and one (2.2 %) after 46 transperitoneal laparoscopic nephrectomies (P = 0.132). For those undergoing the retroperitoneal approach, 14 (11.3 %) hernias were identified in 124 non-prophylaxed patients and none in 37 prophylaxed patients. Transversus abdominis fascia closure was a statistically significant factor for reducing the incidence of incisional hernia after retroperitoneal laparoscopic nephrectomy (P = 0.0324): rectus abdominis muscle thickness ≤7 mm and perioperative blood loss >100 ml were statistically significant independent risk factors, by multivariate analysis.
  
  
  
  To prevent incisional hernia after retroperitoneal laparoscopic nephrectomy in the patients with risk factors, it is useful to close the transversus abdominis fascia at the port sites from inside the surgical cavity, through the open specimen-removal trocar port site, under direct observation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan. akinori.takei@hotmail.co.jp.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Takei
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sazuka
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nihei
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ichikawa
mesh_terms: D000009:Abdominal Muscles / Q000601:surgery*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000601:surgery*; D005205:Fascia; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D000069290:Incisional Hernia / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009392:Nephrectomy / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D012187:Retroperitoneal Space / Q000601:surgery; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D013525:Surgical Instruments / Q000009:adverse effects; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Incisional hernia; Prophylaxis method; Retroperitoneal laparoscopic nephrectomy; Transversus abdominis fascia closure