title: The experienced temperature sensitivity and regulation survey.
abstract: Individuals differ in thermosensitivity, thermoregulation, and zones of thermoneutrality and thermal comfort. Whereas temperature sensing and -effectuating processes occur in part unconsciously and autonomic, awareness of temperature and thermal preferences can affect thermoregulatory behavior as well. Quantification of trait-like individual differences of thermal preferences and experienced temperature sensitivity and regulation is therefore relevant to obtain a complete understanding of human thermophysiology. Whereas several scales have been developed to assess instantaneous appreciation of heat and cold exposure, a comprehensive scale dedicated to assess subjectively experienced autonomic or behavioral thermoregulatory activity has been lacking so far. We constructed a survey that specifically approaches these domains from a trait-like perspective, sampled 240 volunteers across a wide age range, and analyzed the emergent component structure. Participants were asked to report their thermal experiences, captured in 102 questions, on a 7-point bi-directional Likert scale. In a second set of 32 questions, participants were asked to indicate the relative strength of experiences across different body locations. Principal component analyses extracted 21 meaningful dimensions, which were sensitive to sex-differences and age-related changes. The questions were also assessed in a matched sample of 240 people with probable insomnia to evaluate the sensitivity of these dimensions to detect group differences in a case-control design. The dimensions showed marked mean differences between cases and controls. The survey thus has discriminatory value. It can freely be used by anyone interested in studying individual or group differences in thermosensitivity and thermoregulation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Sleep and Cognition, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, an institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Departments of Integrative Neurophysiology and Medical Psychology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University and Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Eus J W
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Van Someren
authors.affiliation: Department of Sleep and Cognition, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, an institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences , Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Kim
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Dekker
authors.affiliation: Department of Sleep and Cognition, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, an institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences , Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Bart H W
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Te Lindert
authors.affiliation: Department of Sleep and Cognition, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, an institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Social, Health and Organizational Psychology, Department of Experimental Psychology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Jeroen S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Benjamins
authors.affiliation: Department of Sleep and Cognition, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, an institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences , Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Moens
authors.affiliation: Department of Sleep and Cognition, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, an institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences , Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Filippo
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Migliorati
authors.affiliation: Department of Functional Genomics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research (CNCR), VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Computational Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Emmeke
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Aarts
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Genetics, Section Complex Trait Genetics, VU Medical Center , Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Sophie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: van der Sluis
keywords: aging; individual differences; insomnia; sex differences; survey; temperature; thermoregulation; thermosensitivity