title: Spatial agreement between Goldmann visual field defects and fundus autofluorescence in patients with birdshot chorioretinopathy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The purpose of this paper is to study the spatial agreement between visual field defects and ultra-wide field (UWF) fundus autofluorescence (FAF) in patients with birdshot chorioretinopathy (BSCR). The study is a retrospective, cross-sectional analysis of a university uveitis practice. Eight (8) eyes of five (5) patients with BSCR were included. Inclusion criteria were ability to fixate reliably. Goldmann visual fields (GVF) and UWF FAF were obtained, digitalized, and standardized. Analysis was performed by measuring areas of overlap of hypo-autofluorescent FAF lesions and GVF scotomas within the central 60°. Overlap was calculated as a percentage of the total area of FAF and GVF, respectively. Average areas were also calculated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean age of the subjects was 51 ± 12.28 years (range 38-69 years). 14 ± 23 % of the total lesion area identified as hypo-autofluorescent on FAF overlapped with scotoma. 28 ± 41 % of the GVF scotomas overlapped with hypo-autofluorescent FAF lesions. Average area of FAF hypo-autofluorescence was much larger (15.19 disc areas) than GVF (3.45 disc areas).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There appear to be larger total areas of hypo-autofluorescence on FAF than scotoma evidenced by GVF and only a small amount of overlap. The finding suggests that GVF is relatively insensitive to anatomic loss, which can be detected using FAF. Further studies are required to assess whether this finding holds true for automated white-on-white perimetry. In addition, more selective psychophysical stimuli may have higher sensitivity in detecting early functional loss that accompanies anatomic damage.
authors.affiliation: Ocular Imaging Research and Reading Center, 985540 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, 68198-5540, NE, USA.
authors.forename: Loren S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Jack
authors.affiliation: Ocular Imaging Research and Reading Center, 985540 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, 68198-5540, NE, USA.
authors.forename: Aniruddha
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Agarwal
authors.affiliation: Ocular Imaging Research and Reading Center, 985540 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, 68198-5540, NE, USA.
authors.forename: Yasir Jamal
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Sepah
authors.affiliation: Ocular Imaging Research and Reading Center, 985540 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, 68198-5540, NE, USA. quan.nguyen@unmc.edu.
authors.forename: Quan Dong
authors.initials: QD
authors.lastname: Nguyen
keywords: Autofluorescence; Birdshot chorioretinopathy; Goldmann visual field; Ultra-wide field imaging; Uveitis