title: Current and future immunotherapeutic approaches in Hodgkin lymphoma.
abstract: Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) has become a highly curable malignancy even in advanced stages when treated adequately. However, relapsed or refractory disease and treatment-related toxicity constitute a significant clinical challenge. Innovative approaches are thus needed to improve treatment of these mainly young patients. In HL lesions, very few malignant Hodgkin and Reed-Sternberg (HRS) cells are embedded in an immunosuppressive microenvironment of reactive cells. Novel approaches such as bispecific antibodies, antibody-drug conjugates, immune-checkpoint inhibitors or adoptive cellular therapies are currently being investigated with promising results in relapsed or refractory patients. Encouraging response rates and a favorable toxicity profile have recently been reported in early phase clinical trials with antibodies blocking the programed-death receptor 1 (PD1). This review will summarize the current clinical knowledge on mechanism, safety and efficacy of the different agents and discuss potential future strategies, which are partly already investigated within clinical trials.
authors.affiliation: a Department I of Internal Medicine and German Hodgkin Study Group (GHSG) , University Hospital of Cologne , Cologne , Germany.
authors.forename: Paul J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Bröckelmann
authors.affiliation: a Department I of Internal Medicine and German Hodgkin Study Group (GHSG) , University Hospital of Cologne , Cologne , Germany.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Borchmann
authors.affiliation: a Department I of Internal Medicine and German Hodgkin Study Group (GHSG) , University Hospital of Cologne , Cologne , Germany.
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Engert
mesh_terms: D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm; D000074322:Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D064987:Cell- and Tissue-Based Therapy; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D006689:Hodgkin Disease / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D018796:Immunoconjugates / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007167:Immunotherapy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D000922:Immunotoxins / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D058990:Molecular Targeted Therapy; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm; D000074322:Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D018796:Immunoconjugates; D000922:Immunotoxins
keywords: Hodgkin lymphoma; bispecific antibodies; cellular therapy; checkpoint inhibition; immunotherapy