title: Evidence for Clinical Differentiation and Differentiation Syndrome in Patients With Acute Myeloid Leukemia and IDH1 Mutations Treated With the Targeted Mutant IDH1 Inhibitor, AG-120.
abstract: Cancer-associated isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutations block normal cellular differentiation via production of the oncometabolite, R-2-hydroxyglutarate. In patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) receiving targeted mutant IDH inhibitor therapy, neutrophil recovery within the setting of clinical differentiation syndrome (DS) has been anecdotally described.
  
  
  
  We describe 3 patients who developed clinically apparent DS during monotherapy with the mutant IDH1 inhibitor, AG-120, for relapsed/refractory AML.
  
  
  
  AG-120-induced differentiation commenced within the first 60 days of treatment, notably in the same time frame as clinical response, strengthening the purported mechanism of targeted mutant IDH inhibitor therapy via successful myeloid maturation. Symptoms of DS were nonspecific and included culture-negative fever, edema, hypotension, malaise, and pleural and/or pericardial effusions, in addition to marked neutrophil-predominant leukocytosis.
  
  
  
  DS can occur during treatment with targeted mutant IDH1 inhibitor therapy. Patients might present with nonspecific clinical manifestations often in the setting of leukocytosis related to exuberant neutrophil recovery. Prompt identification and initiation of treatment interventions, including hydroxyurea, corticosteroids, and/or consideration of temporary treatment discontinuation, are important to facilitate prompt resolution.
authors.affiliation: Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX.
authors.forename: K C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Birendra
authors.affiliation: Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX. Electronic address: cdinardo@mdanderson.org.
authors.forename: Courtney D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: DiNardo
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015415:Biomarkers; D001772:Blood Cell Count; D001853:Bone Marrow / Q000473:pathology; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D007521:Isocitrate Dehydrogenase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000235:genetics*; D015470:Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D058990:Molecular Targeted Therapy; D009154:Mutation; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D015415:Biomarkers; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D007521:Isocitrate Dehydrogenase; C543588:IDH1 protein, human
keywords: AML; Isocitrate dehydrogenase mutation; Myeloid maturation; Retinoic acid syndrome; Targeted therapy