title: Efficacy and Feasibility of Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy for Prostate Cancer in Renal Transplant Recipients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In transplant patients with localized prostate cancer, irradiation is not proposed as often as it is in healthy adults because of the post-radiation risks, such as ureteral stenosis and gastrointestinal toxicity as the result of fragile tissue. The objective of the study was to analyze the efficacy and feasibility of intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) for prostate cancer in renal transplant recipients (RTRs).
  
  
  METHODS
  Between May 2005 and December 2014, all patients who had undergone IMRT for clinically localized prostate cancer at our institution were retrospectively identified (n = 365). Of these patients, 2 had a history of renal transplantation. We reviewed all available clinical data. One patient had a functioning graft and the other had restarted hemodialysis 7 years after the transplantation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean time from renal transplantation to prostate cancer diagnosis was 11 years. The mean follow-up after irradiation was 43 months. The 2 patients remain free of prostate-specific antigen progression. There was no severe acute and chronic genitourinary and gastrointestinal toxicity. Renal function of the patient with a functioning graft as measured by serum creatinine was stable during and after the irradiation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  IMRT is feasible and acceptable as a minimally invasive treatment in the carefully selected RTRs with localized prostate cancer. This treatment should be considered a good option for RTRs with localized prostate cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan. Electronic address: jiizuka@kc.twmu.ac.jp.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Iizuka
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Yas
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hashimoto
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Yai
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hashimoto
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kondo
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takagi
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital, Chiba, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nozaki
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shimizu
authors.affiliation: Division of Radiation Oncology and Particle Therapy, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Akimoto
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ishida
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Karasawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tanabe
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D000368:Aged; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D016030:Kidney Transplantation; D008297:Male; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D050397:Radiotherapy, Intensity-Modulated; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome