title: An immuno-eco-epidemiological model of competition.
abstract: This paper introduces a novel immuno-eco-epidemiological model of competition in which one of the species is affected by a pathogen. The infected individuals from species one are structured by time-since-infection and the within-host dynamics of the pathogen and the immune response is also modelled. A novel feature of the model is the impact of the species two numbers on the ability of species one to mount an immune response. The within-host model has three equilibria: an extinction equilibrium, pathogen-only equilibrium and pathogen and immune response equilibrium which exists if the immune response reproduction number R0 > 1. The extinction equilibrium is always unstable, the pathogen-only equilibrium is stable if R0 < 1, and the coexistence equilibrium is stable whenever it exists. The between-host competition model has six equilibria: an extinction equilibrium, three disease-free equilibria: species one-only equilibrium, species two-only equilibrium and a disease-free species coexistence equilibrium. There are also two disease-present equilibria: species one-only disease equilibrium and disease coexistence equilibrium. The existence and stability of these equilibria are governed by six reproduction numbers. Results show that for a non-fatal disease, the disease coexistence equilibrium is stable whenever it exists.
authors.affiliation: a Center for Pharmacometrics and Systems Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy , University of Florida , Orlando , FL , USA.
authors.forename: Souvik
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bhattacharya
authors.affiliation: b Department of Mathematics , University of Florida , Gainesville , FL , USA.
authors.forename: Maia
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Martcheva
mesh_terms: D004463:Ecology; D058872:Epidemics; D006801:Humans; D007107:Immune System / Q000502:physiology; D008954:Models, Biological
keywords: 92D30; Immunology; competition; ecology; epidemiology; immuno-eco-epidemiology; multiscale modeling