title: Effect of Leadership Styles on Job Satisfaction Among Critical Care Nurses in Aseer, Saudi Arabia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effect of transformational and transactional leadership styles of head nurses on the job satisfaction of staff nurses in critical care units (CCU) of a tertiary care hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Critical care units at Aseer Central Hospital (ACH), Abha, Saudi Arabia, from July to December 2012.
  
  
  METHODS
  The multifactor leadership questionnaire (MLQ-5X) and job satisfaction survey with demographics were used. Staff nurses (N=89) reporting to 8 nurse leaders responded as per the requirements of MLQ-5X and also filled the job satisfaction survey. ANOVA, correlation coefficient (Pearson r) and multiple linear regression were used for analyses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All nurse leaders demonstrated a combination of transactional (TA) and transformational (TF) style of leadership. Nurses working under leaders with a TF style demonstrated significantly (p < 0.05) higher job satisfaction. The operating conditions were related negatively to the style of leadership. Pay, fringe benefits and nature of work were not related to the style of leadership. The nurses were moderately satisfied with their work and 23% of the variation in nurses' job satisfaction could be explained by the head nurses 6 leadership facets with positive effect of professional support, intellectual motivation, management by correction and their laissez faire style.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study emphasized the importance of TF style of head nurses for increasing staff nurses' job satisfaction. It is suggested that nurse leaders should be trained in TF style of leadership and provided more support and training for effective management of CCU.
authors.affiliation: Nursing, Directorate General of Health Affairs in Aseer, Ministry of Health, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Fawaz Musaed
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: M Alshahrani
authors.affiliation: APPNA Institute of Public Health, Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Karachi.
authors.forename: Lubna A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Baig
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D064648:Critical Care Nursing / Q000458:organization & administration*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D006801:Humans; D007588:Job Satisfaction; D007857:Leadership; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009718:Nurse Administrators / Q000523:psychology*; D009726:Nurses / Q000523:psychology*; D009729:Nursing; D009741:Nursing Staff, Hospital / Q000458:organization & administration / Q000523:psychology*; D011581:Psychological Tests; D012529:Saudi Arabia; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D000078329:Workforce