title: Evaluation of in vitro antioxidant, anticancer and in vivo antitumour activity of Termitomyces clypeatus MTCC 5091.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Termitomyces clypeatus (Lyophyllaceae) is a filamentous edible mushroom, having ethnomedicinal uses. However, information about the antioxidant, anticancer and antitumour properties of this mushroom remains to be elucidated.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The study examines the in vitro antioxidant, anticancer and in vivo antitumour activity of T. clypeatus.
  
  
  METHODS
  Antioxidant activity was evaluated with seven in vitro assays. Cytotoxicity of T. clypeatus was tested against a panel of cancer cells lines including U373MG, MDA-MB-468, HepG2, HL-60, A549, U937, OAW-42 and Y-79 using MTT assay. The antitumour activity of aqueous extract was evaluated against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) tumour model in Swiss albino mice.
  
  
  RESULTS
  HPLC analysis of aqueous extract revealed the presence of sugar entities. Termitomyces clypeatus showed excellent in vitro antioxidant activity. Termitomyces clypeatus was found cytotoxic against all cancer cells, among which it showed higher activity against U937 (IC5025 ± 1.02 μg/mL). Treatment of EAC-bearing mice with varied doses of aqueous extract significantly (p < 0.01) reduced tumour volume, viable tumour cell count and improved haemoglobin content, RBC count, mean survival time, tumour inhibition and % increase life span. The enhanced antioxidant status in treated animals was evident from the decline in the levels of lipid peroxidation, increased levels of glutathione, catalase and superoxide dismutase.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The analyzed data indicate that the aqueous extract of T. clypeatus exhibits significant antitumour activity, which might be due to the antioxidant effects on EAC bearing hosts.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Termitomyces clypeatus possesses anticancer activity, valuable for application in food and drug products.
authors.affiliation: a CSIR - Indian Institute of Chemical Biology , Drug Development Diagnostics and Biotechnology Division , Kolkata , West Bengal , India.
authors.forename: Arijit
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mondal
authors.affiliation: a CSIR - Indian Institute of Chemical Biology , Drug Development Diagnostics and Biotechnology Division , Kolkata , West Bengal , India.
authors.forename: Debopam
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Banerjee
authors.affiliation: a CSIR - Indian Institute of Chemical Biology , Drug Development Diagnostics and Biotechnology Division , Kolkata , West Bengal , India.
authors.forename: Rajib
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Majumder
authors.affiliation: b Department of Pharmaceutical Technology , Jadavpur University , Kolkata , West Bengal , India.
authors.forename: Tapan Kumar
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Maity
authors.affiliation: a CSIR - Indian Institute of Chemical Biology , Drug Development Diagnostics and Biotechnology Division , Kolkata , West Bengal , India.
authors.forename: Suman
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Khowala
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002286:Carcinoma, Ehrlich Tumor / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D017665:Hydroxyl Radical / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D013481:Superoxides / Q000378:metabolism; D055434:Termitomyces
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D013481:Superoxides; D017665:Hydroxyl Radical
keywords: Cytotoxicity; MTT assay; free radicals