title: Potential role of heat-shock protein 70 and interleukin-15 in the pathogenesis of threatened spontaneous abortions.
abstract: The role of HSP70 and both its constitutive (Hsc) and inducible (Hsp) forms in the pathogenesis of threatened spontaneous abortions was investigated.
  
  
  
  Immunohistology and/or immunofluorescence was used to analyze paraffin-embedded tissue sections, and reverse transcriptase-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and flow cytometry were used for analyses of decidual mononuclear cells (DMCs) and confocal microscopy for the detection of perforin, granulysin, and lysosome-associated membrane protein-1 (LAMP-1) in decidual lymphocytes (DLs).
  
  
  
  The percentage of single Hsp70(+) , Hsc70(+) , and IL-15(+) cells and mRNA levels of HSP70, CD91, and TLR4 were lower in the decidua basalis in cases of threatened miscarriages compared to that in cases of normal pregnancy. In a suspension of normal DMCs, IL-15 significantly decreased the HSP70 members and TLR4 in dendritic cells, T cells, and NK cells while increasing CD91 in NK cells alone.
  
  
  
  Downregulation of Hsc70, Hsp70, and IL-15 expression at gene and/or protein levels might support the retention of fertilization products in cases of missed abortion and blighted ovum.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Immunology, Medical Faculty, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia.
authors.forename: Tamara
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Gulic
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Immunology, Medical Faculty, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia.|Division of Cardiology, Hospital for Medical Rehabilitation of the Hearth and Lung Diseases and Rheumatism "Thalassotherapia" Opatija, Opatija, Croatia.
authors.forename: Gordana
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Laskarin
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Immunology, Medical Faculty, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia.
authors.forename: Marin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dominovic
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Clinical Hospital, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia.
authors.forename: Lana
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Glavan Gacanin
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Medical Faculty, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia.
authors.forename: Emina
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Babarovic
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Clinical Hospital, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia.
authors.forename: Herman
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Haller
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Immunology, Medical Faculty, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia.|Department of Clinical and Transplantation Immunology and Molecular Medicine in Rijeka, Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Rijeka, Croatia.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rukavina
mesh_terms: D000022:Abortion, Spontaneous / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D000328:Adult; D003656:Decidua / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D015536:Down-Regulation / Q000276:immunology; D005260:Female; D050883:HSC70 Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D019409:Interleukin-15 / Q000276:immunology*; D007694:Killer Cells, Natural / Q000473:pathology; D026503:Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein-1 / Q000276:immunology; D011247:Pregnancy; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4 / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D050883:HSC70 Heat-Shock Proteins; C494371:HSPA8 protein, human; C569274:IL15 protein, human; D019409:Interleukin-15; C475476:LRP1 protein, human; D026503:Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein-1; C495345:TLR4 protein, human; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4
keywords: granulysin; heat-shock protein 70; interleukin-15; pathological pregnancy; perforin