title: Motivational Interviewing to Prevent Childhood Obesity: A Cluster RCT.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective was to evaluate a manualized theory-driven primary preventive intervention aimed at early childhood obesity. The intervention was embedded in Swedish child health services, starting when eligible children were 9 to 10 months of age and continuing until the children reached age 4.
  
  
  METHODS
  Child health care centers in 8 Swedish counties were randomized into intervention and control units and included 1355 families with 1369 infants. Over ∼39 months, families in the intervention group participated in 1 group session and 8 individual sessions with a nurse trained in motivational interviewing, focusing on healthy food habits and physical activity. Families in the control group received care as usual. Primary outcomes were children's BMI, overweight prevalence, and waist circumference at age 4. Secondary outcomes were children's and mothers' food and physical activity habits and mothers' anthropometrics. Effects were assessed in linear and log-binominal regression models using generalized estimating equations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no statistically significant differences in children's BMI (β = -0.11, 95% confidence interval [CI]: -0.31 to 0.08), waist circumference (β = -0.48, 95% CI: -0.99 to 0.04), and prevalence of overweight (relative risk = 0.95, 95% CI: 0.69 to 1.32). No significant intervention effects were observed in mothers' anthropometric data or regarding mothers' and children's physical activity habits. There was a small intervention effect in terms of healthier food habits among children and mothers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There were no significant group differences in children's and mothers' anthropometric data and physical activity habits. There was, however, some evidence suggesting healthier food habits, but this should be interpreted with caution.
authors.affiliation: Child and Adolescent Public Health Epidemiology, Department of Public Health Sciences, and.
authors.forename: Nora
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Döring
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden;
authors.forename: Ata
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ghaderi
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Psychiatric Research, Health Care Services, Stockholm, Sweden;
authors.forename: Benjamin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bohman
authors.affiliation: Research Unit for Dietary Studies, The Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, The Capital Region, Denmark; The Boden Institute of Obesity, Nutrition, Exercise & Eating Disorders, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark;
authors.forename: Berit L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Heitmann
authors.affiliation: Department of Food and Nutrition and Sport Science, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden;
authors.forename: Christel
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Larsson
authors.affiliation: Child and Adolescent Public Health Epidemiology, Department of Public Health Sciences, and.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Berglind
authors.affiliation: Child and Adolescent Public Health Epidemiology, Department of Public Health Sciences, and.
authors.forename: Lena
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hansson
authors.affiliation: Centre for Epidemiology and Community Medicine, Health Care Services, Stockholm County Council, Solna, Sweden;
authors.forename: Elinor
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sundblom
authors.affiliation: Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University and Central Child Healthcare Unit, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden; and.
authors.forename: Margaretha
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Magnusson
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Science and Education, Child Health Services, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Margareta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Blennow
authors.affiliation: Child and Adolescent Public Health Epidemiology, Department of Public Health Sciences, and Centre for Epidemiology and Community Medicine, Health Care Services, Stockholm County Council, Solna, Sweden;
authors.forename: Per
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Tynelius
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden;
authors.forename: Lars
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Forsberg
authors.affiliation: Child and Adolescent Public Health Epidemiology, Department of Public Health Sciences, and Centre for Epidemiology and Community Medicine, Health Care Services, Stockholm County Council, Solna, Sweden; finn.rasmussen@ki.se.
authors.forename: Finn
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Rasmussen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002662:Child Health Services; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015444:Exercise; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D057194:Intention to Treat Analysis; D008297:Male; D009035:Mothers; D062405:Motivational Interviewing; D050177:Overweight / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000628:therapy; D063766:Pediatric Obesity / Q000517:prevention & control*; D015995:Prevalence; D011322:Primary Prevention; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013548:Sweden; D055105:Waist Circumference