title: A Multicenter Evaluation of Emergency Department Pain Care Across Different Types of Fractures.
abstract: To identify differences in emergency department (ED) pain-care based on the type of fracture sustained and to examine whether fracture type may influence the more aggressive analgesic use previously demonstrated in older patients.
  
  
  
  Secondary analysis of retrospective cohort study.
  
  
  
  Five EDs (four academic, one community) in the United States.
  
  
  
  Patients (1,664) who presented in January, March, July, and October 2009 with a final diagnosis of fracture (774 long bone [LBF], 890 shorter bone [SBF]).
  
  
  
  Primary-predictor was type of fracture (LBF vs. SBF). Pain-care process outcomes included likelihood of analgesic administration, opioid-dose, and time to first analgesic. General estimating equations were used to control for age, gender, race, baseline pain score, triage acuity, comorbidities and ED crowding. Subgroup analyses were conducted to analyze age-based differences in pain care by fracture type.
  
  
  
  A larger proportion of patients with LBF (30%) were older (>65 years old) compared to SBF (13%). Compared with SBF, patients with LBF were associated with greater likelihood of analgesic-administration (OR = 2.03; 95 CI = 1.58 to 2.62; P  < 0.001) and higher opioid-doses (parameter estimate = 0.268; 95 CI = 0.239 to 0.297; P  < 0.001). When LBF were examined separately, older-patients had a trend to longer analgesic wait-times (99 [55-163] vs. 76 [35-149] minutes, P  = 0.057), but no other differences in process outcomes were found.
  
  
  
  Long bone fractures were associated with more aggressive pain care than SBF. When fracture types were examined separately, older patients did not appear to receive more aggressive pain care. This difference should be accounted for in further research.
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Ammar
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Siddiqui
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Belland
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rivera-Reyes
authors.affiliation: Division of Emergency Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Handel
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California, USA.
authors.forename: Kabir
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yadav
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA.
authors.forename: Kennon
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Heard
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Mount Sinai Beth Israel, New York, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Amanda
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Eisenberg
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Yury
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Khelemsky
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Ula
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Hwang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000700:Analgesics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D050723:Fractures, Bone / Q000150:complications*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010146:Pain / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D059408:Pain Management / Q000379:methods*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics
keywords: Emergency Medicine; Fractures; Geriatrics; Opioids; Pain Management