title: Integrated whole-heart computational workflow for inverse potential mapping and personalized simulations.
abstract: Integration of whole-heart activation simulations and inverse potential mapping (IPM) could benefit the guidance and planning of electrophysiological procedures. Routine clinical application requires a fast and adaptable workflow. These requirements limit clinical translation of existing simulation models. This study proposes a comprehensive finite element model (FEM) based whole-heart computational workflow suitable for IPM and simulations.
  
  
  
  Three volunteers and eight patients with premature ventricular contractions underwent body surface potential (BSP) acquisition followed by a cardiac MRI (CMR) scan. The cardiac volumes were segmented from the CMR images using custom written software. The feasibility to integrate tissue-characteristics was assessed by generating meshes with virtual edema and scar. Isochronal activation maps were constructed by identifying the fastest route through the cardiac volume using the Möller-Trumbore and Floyd-Warshall algorithms. IPM's were reconstructed from the BSP's.
  
  
  
  Whole-heart computational meshes were generated within seconds. The first point of atrial activation on IPM was located near the crista terminalis of the superior vena cave into the right atrium. The IPM demonstrated the ventricular epicardial breakthrough at the attachment of the moderator band with the right ventricular free wall. Simulations of sinus rhythm were successfully performed. The conduction through the virtual edema and scar meshes demonstrated delayed activation or a complete conductional block respectively.
  
  
  
  The proposed FEM based whole-heart computational workflow offers an integrated platform for cardiac electrical assessment using simulations and IPM. This workflow can incorporate patient-specific electrical parameters, perform whole-heart cardiac activation simulations and accurately reconstruct cardiac activation sequences from BSP's.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Haga Teaching Hospital, Leyweg 275, 2545 CH, The Hague, The Netherlands. p.bhagirath@olvg.nl.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bhagirath
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Haga Teaching Hospital, Leyweg 275, 2545 CH, The Hague, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: A W M
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: van der Graaf
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Haga Teaching Hospital, Leyweg 275, 2545 CH, The Hague, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: de Hooge
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Thorax Center, Erasmus Medical Center, 's Gravendijkwal 230, 3015 CE, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: N M S
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: de Groot
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Haga Teaching Hospital, Leyweg 275, 2545 CH, The Hague, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: M J W
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Götte
mesh_terms: D000200:Action Potentials / Q000502:physiology*; D000328:Adult; D003198:Computer Simulation; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D006321:Heart / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012849:Sinoatrial Node / Q000502:physiology; D057188:Workflow
keywords: FEM based cardiac simulations; Patient-specific therapy; Personalized cardiac model; Whole-heart inverse potential mapping; Whole-heart simulation