title: Depression among Low-Income Female Muslim Uyghur and Kazakh Informal Caregivers of Disabled Elders in Far Western China: Influence on the Caregivers' Burden and the Disabled Elders' Quality of Life.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Paying attention to and improving the mental health of the informal caregivers of disabled elders has become a global public health priority. This study focused on low-income female Uyghur and Kazakh informal caregivers of disabled elders residing in China's far west. It investigated the prevalence of and the major related factors of depressive emotion.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional study was performed from September 2013 to January 2014 in Shawan Prefectures, Tuokexun Prefectures, Bole Prefecture and Urumchi city. Shawan Prefecture has the highest proportion of Kazakhs, whereas Tuokexun Prefectures, Bole Prefecture and Urumchi city have the highest proportion of Uyghurs in Muslim ethnic Uygur and Kazakh communities. Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region is located in remote western China; this area is approximately 3,105 km (1,929 miles) away from Beijing. A total of 444 female Uyghur and Kazakh informal caregivers of disabled elders participated in this study. The self-rating depression scale, the Zarit burden interview, and the SF-36 questionnaire were used to evaluate the state of caregiver depression, caregiver burden, and quality of life (QOL), respectively. Statistical analyses were performed using multivariate logistic regression analyses, correlation with Spearman's rho and independent-sample t-tests; a P-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Up to 38.5% (n = 217) of informal caregivers reported having depression, whereas 61.5% (n = 273) of them reported a lack of depression. Age of disabled elders more than 60 years old, total hours spent on caring daily≥8h, duration of caring≥5 years, negative self-evaluation of health condition, having caregiver burden, elders' medium degree of disability and elders' heavy degree of disability had a higher risk of caregiver depression. By contrast, daughter/daughter-in-law of disabled elders; unemployed carers, family's per capita income >US$235.48(1500 yuan), high social support, and high QOL of disabled elders were each associated with a lower risk of depressive emotion. Moreover, informal caregivers with depression obtained high care burden scores; at the same time, disabled elders who were looked after by caregivers with depression obtained low QOL scores.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings suggest that the demographics characteristics of informal caregivers, and caregiver burden, and the disabled elders' degree of disability and QOL had the most significant correlation with depressive emotion among women informal caregivers. The results had a enlighten that these variables should be considered while planning interventions to improve depression of informal caregivers.
authors.affiliation: Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China.
authors.forename: Meiyan
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8131-4025
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China.
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China.
authors.forename: Yuhuan
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7487-1402
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China.
authors.forename: Fuchen
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China.
authors.forename: Xuefeng
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China.
authors.forename: Wenting
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China.
authors.forename: Xue
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D017028:Caregivers / Q000523:psychology*; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003863:Depression / Q000191:economics / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D006233:Persons with Disabilities / Q000523:psychology; D005006:Ethnicity / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007514:Islam / Q000523:psychology; D008297:Male; D008603:Mental Health; D008875:Middle Aged; D011203:Poverty; D015995:Prevalence; D011788:Quality of Life; D012307:Risk Factors; D012944:Social Support; D055815:Young Adult