title: Dietary dried plum increases bone mass, suppresses proinflammatory cytokines and promotes attainment of peak bone mass in male mice.
abstract: Nutrition is an important determinant of bone health and attainment of peak bone mass. Diets containing dried plum (DP) have been shown to increase bone volume and strength. These effects may be linked to the immune system and DP-specific polyphenols. To better understand these relationships, we studied DP in skeletally mature (6-month-old) and growing (1- and 2-month-old) C57Bl/6 male mice. In adult mice, DP rapidly (<2 weeks) increased bone volume (+32%) and trabecular thickness (+24%). These changes were associated with decreased osteoclast surface (Oc.S/BS) and decreased serum CTX, a marker of bone resorption. The reduction in Oc.S/BS was associated with a reduction in the osteoclast precursor pool. Osteoblast surface (Ob.S/BS) and bone formation rate were also decreased suggesting that the gain in bone in adult mice is a consequence of diminished bone resorption and formation, but resorption is reduced more than formation. The effects of DP on bone were accompanied by a decline in interleukins, TNF and MCP-1, suggesting that DP is acting in part through the immune system to suppress inflammatory activity and reduce the size of the osteoclast precursor pool. Feeding DP was accompanied by an increase in plasma phenolics, some of which have been shown to stimulate bone accrual. In growing and young adult mice DP at levels as low as 5% of diet (w/w) increased bone volume. At higher levels (DP 25%), bone volume was increased by as much as 94%. These data demonstrate that DP feeding dramatically increases peak bone mass during growth.
authors.affiliation: Veterans Affairs Medical Center, and Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA. Electronic address: shahmod@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shahnazari
authors.affiliation: Skeletal Biology Laboratory, College of Public Health and Human Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR.
authors.forename: Russell T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Turner
authors.affiliation: Skeletal Biology Laboratory, College of Public Health and Human Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR.
authors.forename: Urszula T
authors.initials: UT
authors.lastname: Iwaniec
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL.
authors.forename: Thomas J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Wronski
authors.affiliation: Departments of Food Science and Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN.
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Departments of Food Science and Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN.
authors.forename: Mario G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Ferruzzi
authors.affiliation: Veterans Affairs Medical Center, and Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA.
authors.forename: Robert A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Nissenson
authors.affiliation: Veterans Affairs Medical Center, and Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA.
authors.forename: Bernard P
authors.initials: BP
authors.lastname: Halloran
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001846:Bone Development; D001854:Bone Marrow Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D016723:Bone Remodeling; D001862:Bone Resorption / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D024042:Collagen Type I / Q000097:blood; D016207:Cytokines / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000097:blood; D057141:Food, Preserved; D005638:Fruit; D055951:Functional Food; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D008297:Male; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D010010:Osteoclasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000097:blood; D010455:Peptides / Q000097:blood; D000068242:Prunus domestica
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D024042:Collagen Type I; D016207:Cytokines; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D010455:Peptides; C052929:collagen type I trimeric cross-linked peptide
keywords: Bone; Nutrition; Osteoblast; Osteoclast; Peak bone mass; Plum