title: Focal Dystonia in Hemiplegic Upper Limb: Favorable Effect of Cervical Microsurgical DREZotomy Involving the Ventral Horn - A Report of 3 Patients.
abstract: Focal dystonia in hemiplegic upper limbs is poorly responsive to medications or classical neurosurgical treatments. Only repeated botulinum toxin injections show efficacy, but in most severe cases effects are transient.
  
  
  
  Cervical DREZ lesioning, which has proven efficacious in hyperspasticity when done deeply (3-5 mm) in the dorsal horn, may have favorable effects on the dystonic component when performed down to, and including, the base of the ventral horn (5-6 mm in depth).
  
  
  
  Three patients underwent deep cervical microsurgical DREZotomy (MDT) for focal dystonia in the upper limb.
  
  
  
  Hypertonia was reduced, and sustained dystonic postures were suppressed. Residual motor function (hidden behind hypertonia) came to the surface.
  
  
  
  Cervical MDT may be a useful armamentarium for treating refractory focal dystonia in the upper limb.
authors.affiliation: University of Lyon 1, Lyon, France.
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sindou
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Georgoulis
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001927:Brain Diseases / Q000150:complications; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000150:complications; D002574:Cervical Vertebrae; D020821:Dystonic Disorders / Q000601:surgery*; D004564:Electrocoagulation; D006429:Hemiplegia / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008866:Microsurgery; D009128:Muscle Spasticity / Q000601:surgery; D011782:Quadriplegia / Q000601:surgery*; D066151:Spinal Cord Ventral Horn / Q000601:surgery*; D034941:Upper Extremity; D055815:Young Adult