title: Use of essential gene, encoding prophobilinogen deaminase from extreme psychrophilic Colwellia sp. C1, to generate temperature-sensitive strain of Francisella novicida.
abstract: Previously, several essential genes from psychrophilic bacteria have been substituted for their homologues in mesophilic bacterial pathogens to make the latter temperature sensitive. It has been noted that an essential ligA gene from an extreme psychrophile, Colwellia sp. C1, yielded a gene product that is inactivated at 27°C, the lowest that has been observed for any psychrophilic enzyme, and hypothesized that other essential proteins of that strain would also have low inactivation temperatures. This work describes the partial sequencing of the genome of Colwellia sp. C1 strain and the identification of 24 open reading frames encoding homologues of highly conserved bacterial essential genes. The gene encoding porphobilinogen deaminase (hemC), which is involved in the pathway of haem synthesis, has been tested for its ability to convert Francisella novicida into a temperature-sensitive strain. The hybrid strain carrying the C1-derived hemC gene exhibited a temperature-sensitive phenotype with a restrictive temperature of 36°C. These results support the conclusion that Colwellia sp. C1 is a rich source of heat-labile enzymes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The issue of biosafety is often raised when it comes to work with pathogenic organisms. The main concern is caused by the risk of researchers being exposed to infectious doses of dangerous microbes. This paper analyses essential genes identified in partial genomic sequence of the psychrophilic bacterium Collwelia sp. C1. These sequences can be used as a mean of generating temperature-sensitive strains of pathogenic bacteria. Such strains are incapable of surviving at the temperature of human body. This means they could be applied as vaccines or for safer work with dangerous organisms.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada.
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Pankowski
mesh_terms: D034241:Alteromonadaceae / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics; D001483:Base Sequence; D001831:Body Temperature; D003080:Cold Temperature; D005603:Francisella / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D005798:Genes, Bacterial; D020043:Genes, Essential / Q000235:genetics*; D016680:Genome, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D011163:Hydroxymethylbilane Synthase / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D010641:Phenotype; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA
chemical_list: D011163:Hydroxymethylbilane Synthase
keywords: Colwellia; biosafety; essential gene; psychrophile; temperature-sensitive