title: Contact Lens-Induced Discomfort and Protein Changes in Tears.
abstract: Ocular discomfort is among the main causes of contact lens wear discontinuation. This study investigated the association between subjective ocular comfort ratings and diurnal changes in tear protein concentrations with and without contact lens wear.
  
  
  
  The study was a prospective, open-label, single-group two-staged investigation. Basal tears were collected from 30 experienced contact lens wearers twice a day (morning and evening) using a noninvasive method without lens wear (stage 1) and during wear of Etafilcon A contact lenses (stage 2) for 7 to 10 days. Subjects rated their ocular comfort on a scale of 1 to 100 (with 100 as extremely comfortable) at each time of tear collection. Tears were analyzed using liquid quadrupole mass spectrometry in conjunction with selected reaction monitoring (SRM) method.
  
  
  
  End-of-day comfort was reduced when wearing lenses (87.8 ± 14.3 AM vs. 79.2 ± 16.6 PM) compared to no lens wear (88.3 ± 12.6 AM vs. 84.7 ± 13.3 PM) (AM vs. PM, p < 0.05). A greater reduction in comfort over the day was seen during lens wear (p < 0.01). The concentration of prolactin-induced protein increased from morning to evening in both stages (mean ± SD; 0.08 ± 0.04 mg/ml, AM vs. 0.09 ± 0.05 mg/ml, PM, p < 0.05). There was no change in the concentration of lactoferrin (1.20 ± 0.77 mg/ml), lysozyme (2.11 ± 1.50 mg/ml), lipocalin 1 (1.75 ± 0.99 mg/ml), or proline-rich protein 4 (0.80 ± 0.49 mg/ml). The prolactin-induced protein concentration was negatively associated with discomfort levels in tears (p < 0.05, r = -0.29).
  
  
  
  Only the absolute concentration of prolactin-induced protein correlated with subjective comfort ratings. Taking into consideration that prolactin-induced protein can be associated with disruption in water transport in lacrimal glands, our findings may indicate that changes to aqueous secretion are associated with contact lens discomfort.
authors.affiliation: *PhD †PhD, FAAO School of Optometry and Vision Science (SM, FS, MDPW), and the Vision Cooperative Research Centre (SM), University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
authors.forename: Simin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Masoudi
authors.forename: Fiona Jane
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Stapleton
authors.forename: Mark Duncan Perry
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Willcox
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003261:Contact Lenses / Q000009:adverse effects*; D015352:Dry Eye Syndromes / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism*; D005136:Eye Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013666:Tears / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D005136:Eye Proteins; C042434:tear proteins