title: A T Cell View of the Bone Marrow.
abstract: The majority of T cells present in the bone marrow (BM) represent an activated/memory phenotype and most of these, if not all, are circulating T cells. Their lodging in the BM keeps them activated, turning the BM microenvironment into a "memory reservoir." This article will focus on how T cell activation in the BM results in both direct and indirect effects on the hematopoiesis. The hematopoietic stem cell niche will be presented, with its main components and organization, along with the role played by T lymphocytes in basal and pathologic conditions and their effect on the bone remodeling process. Also discussed herein will be how "normal" bone mass peak is achieved only in the presence of an intact adaptive immune system, with T and B cells playing critical roles in this process. Our main hypothesis is that the partnership between T cells and cells of the BM microenvironment orchestrates numerous processes regulating immunity, hematopoiesis, and bone remodeling.
authors.affiliation: Cancer Program (Fio-Cancer), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Laboratory on Thymus Research, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Adriana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bonomo
authors.affiliation: Laboratory on Thymus Research, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil.
authors.forename: Ana Carolina
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Monteiro
authors.affiliation: Laboratory on Thymus Research, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Immunology and Inflammation Graduate Program, Paulo de Góes Microbiology Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Triciana
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Gonçalves-Silva
authors.affiliation: Cell Biology and Technology Laboratory, Veiga de Almeida University , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil.
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Cordeiro-Spinetti
authors.affiliation: Cancer Program (Fio-Cancer), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Laboratory on Thymus Research, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Microbiology Graduate Program, Paulo de Góes Microbiology Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rômulo Gonçalves
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Galvani
authors.affiliation: Cell Biology and Technology Laboratory, Veiga de Almeida University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Excellion Laboratory, Amil/UnitedHealth Group, Petrópolis, Brazil.
authors.forename: Alex
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Balduino
keywords: B cells; T cells; bone remodeling; hematopoiesis; osteoblast; osteoclast