title: Effects of oxygenated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons on the early life stages of Japanese medaka.
abstract: Oxygenated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (oxyPAHs) are directly discharged into the atmosphere with exhaust gas from diesel engine automobiles and industry and are also generated by photo-oxidation and/or microbial metabolism of parent polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). They are widely distributed in environment, especially around urban areas. We evaluated the effects of exposure to oxyPAHs as acenaphthenequinone (ANQ), 7,12-benz(a)anthracenequinone (BAQ), 1,4-naphthoquinone (NAQ), and 9,10-phenanethrenequinone (PHQ) in Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) embryos. ANQ (>2720 μg/L) caused caving in the yolk sac, and BAQ (>22.4 μg/L) caused tanning of the oil droplet. Additionally, NAQ (>314 μg/L) and PHQ (>734 μg/L) stopped development of medaka embryos beginning 2 days after the start of exposure. The hatched larvae from embryos exposed to ANQ, BAQ, NAQ, or PHQ at 518, 9.86, 36.5, or 80.7 μg/L, respectively, exhibited incomplete development of the cephalic region, incomplete palate, unabsorbed and hypertrophied yolk sac, tubular heart, altered axial curvature, and poor swimming ability. These symptoms were similar to those observed in blue sac disease, which is caused by exposure to PAHs.
authors.affiliation: The United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kagoshima University, 50-20 Shimoarata 4-Chome, Kagoshima, 890-0056, Japan.
authors.forename: Machi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kawano
authors.affiliation: Education and Research Center for Marine Resources and Environment, Faculty of Fisheries, Kagoshima University, 50-20 Shimoarata 4-Chome, Kagoshima, 890-0056, Japan. uno@fish.kagoshima-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Seiichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Uno
authors.affiliation: Education and Research Center for Marine Resources and Environment, Faculty of Fisheries, Kagoshima University, 50-20 Shimoarata 4-Chome, Kagoshima, 890-0056, Japan.
authors.forename: Jiro
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Koyama
authors.affiliation: Education and Research Center for Marine Resources and Environment, Faculty of Fisheries, Kagoshima University, 50-20 Shimoarata 4-Chome, Kagoshima, 890-0056, Japan.
authors.forename: Emiko
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kokushi
authors.affiliation: School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-5000, USA.
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: McElroy
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004625:Embryo, Nonmammalian / Q000187:drug effects; D007814:Larva / Q000187:drug effects; D009990:Oryzias / Q000378:metabolism*; D010100:Oxygen / Q000378:metabolism; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons / Q000633:toxicity*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D010100:Oxygen
keywords: Embryo; Malformation; Medaka; Morphological; Toxicology; oxyPAH