title: Determination of Ancylostoma caninum ova viability using metabolic profiling.
abstract: Differentiation between viable and non-viable hookworm ova in environmental samples is necessary in order to implement strategies to mitigate re-infections in endemic regions. In this study, an untargeted metabolic profiling method was developed that utilised gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) in order to investigate hookworm ova viability. Ancylostoma caninum was used to investigate the metabolites within viable and non-viable ova. Univariate and multivariate statistical analyses of the data resulted in the identification of 53 significant metabolites across all hookworm ova samples. The major compounds observed in viable and non-viable hookworm ova were tetradecanoic acid, commonly known as myristic acid [fold change (FC) = 0.4], and dodecanoic acid, commonly known as lauric acid (FC = 0.388). Additionally, the viable ova had self-protecting metabolites such as prostaglandins, a typical feature absent in non-viable ova. The results of this study demonstrate that metabolic profiling using GC-MS methods can be used to determine the viability of canine hookworm ova. Further studies are needed to assess the applicability of metabolic profiling using GC-MS to detect viable hookworm ova in the mixed (viable and non-viable) populations from environmental samples and identify the metabolites specific to human hookworm species.
authors.affiliation: CSIRO Land and Water, Ecosciences Precinct, 41 Boggo Road, Brisbane, Queensland, 4102, Australia. pradip.gyawali@csiro.au.|School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Herston Road, Brisbane, Queensland, 4006, Australia. pradip.gyawali@csiro.au.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gyawali
authors.affiliation: CSIRO Land and Water, Ecosciences Precinct, 41 Boggo Road, Brisbane, Queensland, 4102, Australia.
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Beale
authors.affiliation: CSIRO Land and Water, Ecosciences Precinct, 41 Boggo Road, Brisbane, Queensland, 4102, Australia.
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Ahmed
authors.affiliation: CSIRO Land and Water, Ecosciences Precinct, 41 Boggo Road, Brisbane, Queensland, 4102, Australia.|Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria, 3122, Australia.
authors.forename: A V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Karpe
authors.affiliation: School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton, Queensland, 4343, Australia.|Children's Health Research Centre, The University of Queensland, South Brisbane, Queensland, 4101, Australia.
authors.forename: R J Soares
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Magalhaes
authors.affiliation: Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS), School of Applied Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3001, Australia.
authors.forename: P D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Morrison
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria, 3122, Australia.
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Palombo
mesh_terms: D000722:Ancylostoma / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D000724:Ancylostomiasis / Q000469:parasitology / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D000818:Animals; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000469:parasitology*; D004285:Dogs; D005243:Feces / Q000469:parasitology; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D006801:Humans; D007850:Lauric Acids / Q000378:metabolism; D055442:Metabolome / Q000502:physiology*; D019814:Myristic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D010063:Ovum / Q000502:physiology*; D011453:Prostaglandins / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D007850:Lauric Acids; D011453:Prostaglandins; D019814:Myristic Acid; C030358:lauric acid
keywords: Health risk; Hookworm ova; Mass spectrometry; Metabolic profile; Viability