title: ATP Bioluminometers Analysis on the Surfaces of Removable Orthodontic Aligners after the Use of Different Cleaning Methods.
abstract: Purpose. The aim was to quantify the bacteria concentration on the surface of orthodontic clear aligners using three different cleaning methods. Furthermore the objective was to validate the efficacy of the bioluminometer in assessing the bacteria concentration. Materials and Methods. Twenty subjects (six males and fourteen females) undergoing orthodontic therapy with clear aligners (Invisalign® Align Technology, Santa Clara, California) were enrolled in this study. The observation time was of six weeks. The patients were instructed to use different cleaning methods (water, brushing with toothpaste, and brushing with toothpaste and use of sodium carbonate and sulphate tablet). At the end of each phase a microbiological analysis was performed using the bioluminometer. Results. The highest bacteria concentration was found on aligners cleaned using only water (583 relative light units); a value of 189 relative light units was found on aligners cleaned with brushing and toothpaste. The lowest bacteria concentration was recorded on aligners cleaned with brushing and toothpaste and the use of sodium carbonate and sulfate tablet. Conclusions. The mechanical removal of the bacterial biofilm proved to be effective with brushing and toothpaste. The best results in terms of bacteria concentration were achieved adding the use of sodium carbonate and sulfate tablet.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical and Morphological Sciences, Oro Cranio Facial Disease and Medicine Research Center, Dental Hygiene School, University of Insubria, Via Giuseppe Piatti 10, 21100 Varese, Italy.
authors.forename: Luca
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Levrini
authors.affiliation: Oro Cranio Facial Disease and Medicine Research Center, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy.
authors.forename: Alessandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mangano
authors.affiliation: Oro Cranio Facial Disease and Medicine Research Center, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy.
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Margherini
authors.affiliation: Oro Cranio Facial Disease and Medicine Research Center, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy.
authors.forename: Camilla
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tenconi
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical and Morphological Sciences, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy.
authors.forename: Davide
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Vigetti
authors.affiliation: Oro Cranio Facial Disease and Medicine Research Center, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy.
authors.forename: Raffaele
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Muollo
authors.affiliation: Oro Cranio Facial Disease and Medicine Research Center, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy.
authors.forename: Gian
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Marco Abbate