title: "Aroeira" (Myracrodruon urundeuva) methanol extract: the relationship between chemical compounds and cellular effects.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  "Aroeira" [Myracrodruon urundeuva Allemão (Anacardiaceae)] is a tree whose leaves have been studied for therapeutic purposes in medicine and dentistry.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The study chemically identifies the leaf extract of aroeira and determines its effect on human gingival fibroblasts.
  
  
  METHODS
  An 80% methanol leave extract was obtained by maceration and chemically identified through flow-injection analysis-electrospray ionization-ion trap-tandem mass spectrometry (FIA-ESI-IT-MSn). Cytotoxicity of the aroeira's methanol extract was evaluated in lineage of fibroblasts. Adherent cells were treated with different concentrations of aroeira's methanol extract in the medium: 0.1, 1, 10, 100 and 1000 μg/mL. Control cells were cultivated in the medium only. Analyses were done at 24, 48, 72 and 96 h of culture by neutral red assay; and at 24, 48 and 96 h by crystal violet assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  FIA-ESI-IT-MS analysis determined the presence of compounds, for the first time in the species: quercetin-O-glucuronide and quercetin-O-deoxyhexose-O-glucose in the extract. On one hand, neutral red and crystal violet assay showed a reduction (to 50% up until 100%) of cellular viability of groups of 100 and 1000 μg/mL compared with control at 96 h (p < 0.05). On the other hand, lower concentrations (0.1; 1 and 10 μg/mL) of the extract were similar to that of the control at 96 h (p < 0.05), in general.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In view of the results, we can conclude that the extract of aroeira presents tannins and flavonoids. Furthermore, the extract is capable of modulating the viability of human gingival fibroblasts according to its concentration.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Biological Sciences , Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo , Bauru , Brazil.
authors.forename: Alessandra Cury
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Machado
authors.affiliation: b Department of Biologic Science , School of Science, UNESP , Bauru , Brazil.
authors.forename: Leonardo Perez
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Souza
authors.affiliation: b Department of Biologic Science , School of Science, UNESP , Bauru , Brazil.|c Department of Botany , Bioscience Institute, UNESP , Botucatu , Brazil.
authors.forename: Luiz Leonardo
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Saldanha
authors.affiliation: b Department of Biologic Science , School of Science, UNESP , Bauru , Brazil.|c Department of Botany , Bioscience Institute, UNESP , Botucatu , Brazil.
authors.forename: Laís Goyos
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Pieroni
authors.affiliation: a Department of Biological Sciences , Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo , Bauru , Brazil.
authors.forename: Adriana Arruda
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Matos
authors.affiliation: a Department of Biological Sciences , Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo , Bauru , Brazil.
authors.forename: Flávia Amadeu de
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Oliveira
authors.affiliation: d Laboratory of Conservation and Biodiversity, Biosciences Institute , Campus Paulista Coast - Unity São Vicente, UNESP , São Vicente , Brazil.
authors.forename: Wagner
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Vilegas
authors.affiliation: e Department of Prosthodontics , Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo , Bauru , SP , Brazil.
authors.forename: Carla Andreotti
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Damante
authors.affiliation: b Department of Biologic Science , School of Science, UNESP , Bauru , Brazil.
authors.forename: Anne Lígia
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Dokkedal
authors.affiliation: a Department of Biological Sciences , Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo , Bauru , Brazil.
authors.forename: Rodrigo Cardoso de
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Oliveira
mesh_terms: D027926:Anacardiaceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018515:Plant Leaves; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry
chemical_list: D010936:Plant Extracts
keywords: Anarcadiaceae; cellular viability; cytotoxicity; medicinal plants