title: Quadricuspid aortic valve: an unexpected echocardiographic finding.
abstract: Quadricuspid aortic valve (QAV) is an anatomic valvular variant, with a prevalence of 0.008% to 0.033% in the general population, and 1.46% in patients that undergo aortic valve replacement. The QAV can be an isolated valvular abnormality or associated with other congenital heart defects. In this article, we present three of the few reported cases of QAV in the Hispanic population, all of which were asymptomatic and without evidence of hemodynamic alterations or other associated heart defects. Additionally a literature review is provided.
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Hemodinamia y Ecocardiografía, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias (INER), Tlalpan, Distrito Federal; Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Anáhuac México Norte, Edo. de México, México.
authors.forename: Carlos Manuel
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Aboitiz-Rivera
authors.affiliation: Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Anáhuac México Norte, Edo. de México, México. rubenblach@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Ruben
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Blachman-Braun
authors.affiliation: Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Anáhuac México Norte, Edo. de México, México.
authors.forename: Mario Fernando
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Lanza
authors.affiliation: Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Anáhuac México Norte, Edo. de México, México.
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Berebichez-Fridman
authors.affiliation: Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Anáhuac México Norte, Edo. de México, México.
authors.forename: María José
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Díaz-Huízar
authors.affiliation: Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Anáhuac México Norte, Edo. de México, México.
authors.forename: Laura Graciela
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Ferrer-Arellano
authors.affiliation: Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Anáhuac México Norte, Edo. de México, México.
authors.forename: Alejandra Andrea
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Ramírez-Freyre
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Hemodinamia y Ecocardiografía, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias (INER), Tlalpan, Distrito Federal, México.
authors.forename: Mario Enrique
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Baltazares-Lipp
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001021:Aortic Valve / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D000082882:Bicuspid Aortic Valve Disease; D002648:Child; D004452:Echocardiography; D005260:Female; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006349:Heart Valve Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male