title: Long-term surveillance is necessary after operative resection for intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm of the pancreas.
abstract: There is not enough evidence to establish an appropriate surveillance strategy after operative resection for intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm.
  
  
  
  This study included 257 consecutive intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm patients who underwent operative resection between July 1999 and March 2014. The frequencies, patterns, time-to-event, and risk factors for postoperative recurrence in intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm were analyzed.
  
  
  
  Fifty-six intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm patients (21.8%) had recurrence after the operation, including those with remnant pancreatic recurrence (n = 14) and extrapancreatic recurrence (n = 42). Remnant pancreatic recurrence had no influence on the overall survival, whereas patients with extrapancreatic recurrence had significantly worse overall survival (P < .001). Furthermore, the overall survival of intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm patients with extrapancreatic recurrence was shorter than that for patients with remnant pancreatic recurrence (median overall survival: 21.8 versus 110.6 months; P < .001). Five patients experienced remnant pancreatic recurrence >5 years after the operation. All extrapancreatic recurrences occurred within 5 years. We found that the positive pancreatic transection margin was the only independent risk factor for remnant pancreatic recurrence (P < .001), whereas the risk factors for extrapancreatic recurrence were invasive intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (P < .001), mixed-type (P = .008), elevated serum CA19-9 (P = .019), and intraoperative transfusion (P = .025) in the multivariate analysis.
  
  
  
  Our data suggest that all intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm patients should be subject to continual surveillance every 6 months for >5 years after operation to evaluate the remnant pancreatic recurrence; furthermore, the data indicate that strict 5-year surveillance, including every 3 months for 1 year after the operation and every 6 months thereafter, is necessary for intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm patients at risk for extrapancreatic recurrence.
authors.affiliation: Second Department of Surgery, Wakayama Medical University, School of Medicine, Wakayama, Japan.
authors.forename: Seiko
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hirono
authors.affiliation: Second Department of Surgery, Wakayama Medical University, School of Medicine, Wakayama, Japan.
authors.forename: Manabu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kawai
authors.affiliation: Second Department of Surgery, Wakayama Medical University, School of Medicine, Wakayama, Japan.
authors.forename: Ken-Ichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Okada
authors.affiliation: Second Department of Surgery, Wakayama Medical University, School of Medicine, Wakayama, Japan.
authors.forename: Motoki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Miyazawa
authors.affiliation: Second Department of Surgery, Wakayama Medical University, School of Medicine, Wakayama, Japan.
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shimizu
authors.affiliation: Second Department of Surgery, Wakayama Medical University, School of Medicine, Wakayama, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kitahata
authors.affiliation: Second Department of Surgery, Wakayama Medical University, School of Medicine, Wakayama, Japan.
authors.forename: Masaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ueno
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical Pathology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Akio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yanagisawa
authors.affiliation: Second Department of Surgery, Wakayama Medical University, School of Medicine, Wakayama, Japan. Electronic address: yamaue-h@wakayama-med.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Hiroki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yamaue
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000359:Aftercare; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D021441:Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal / Q000401:mortality* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D060787:Neoplasm Grading; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000453:epidemiology*; D010180:Pancreatectomy; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D015996:Survival Rate; D013997:Time Factors