title: Obese ZDF rats fermented resistant starch with effects on gut microbiota but no reduction in abdominal fat.
abstract: To determine if whole-grain (WG) flour with resistant starch (RS) will produce greater fermentation than isolated RS in obese Zucker Diabetic Fatty (ZDF) rats, and whether greater fermentation results in different microbiota, reduced abdominal fat, and increased insulin sensitivity.
  
  
  
  This study utilized four groups fed diets made with either isolated digestible control starch, WG control flour (6.9% RS), isolated RS-rich corn starch (25% RS), or WG corn flour (25% RS). ZDF rats fermented RS and RS-rich WG flour to greatest extent among groups. High-RS groups had increased serum glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) active. Feeding isolated RS showed greater Bacteroidetes to Firmicutes phyla among groups, and rats consuming low RS diets possessed more bacteria in Lactobacillus genus. However, no differences in abdominal fat were observed, but rats with isolated RS had greatest insulin sensitivity among groups.
  
  
  
  Data demonstrated ZDF rats (i) possess a microbiota that fermented RS, and (ii) WG high-RS fermented better than purified RS. However, fermentation and microbiota changes did not translate into reduced abdominal fat. The defective leptin receptor may limit ZDF rats from responding to increased GLP-1 and different microbiota for reducing abdominal fat, but did not prevent improved insulin sensitivity.
authors.affiliation: Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA.
authors.forename: Felicia
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Goldsmith
authors.affiliation: School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Louisiana State University AgCenter, LA, USA.
authors.forename: Justin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Guice
authors.affiliation: School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Louisiana State University AgCenter, LA, USA.
authors.forename: Ryan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Page
authors.affiliation: Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA.
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Welsh
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA.
authors.forename: Christopher M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA.
authors.forename: Eugene E
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Blanchard
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA.
authors.forename: Meng
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.affiliation: School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Louisiana State University AgCenter, LA, USA.
authors.forename: Anne M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Raggio
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathobiological Sciences, Louisiana State University Veterinary School, LA, USA.
authors.forename: Rhett W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Stout
authors.affiliation: School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Louisiana State University AgCenter, LA, USA.
authors.forename: Diana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Carvajal-Aldaz
authors.affiliation: Tulane National Primate Center, Covington, LA, USA.
authors.forename: Amanda
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gaither
authors.affiliation: Ingredion Incorporated, Westchester, NJ, USA.
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pelkman
authors.affiliation: Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA.
authors.forename: Jianping
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.affiliation: Western USDA Research Center, Albany, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Roy J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.affiliation: Experimental Statistics, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA.
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Geaghan
authors.affiliation: Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA.
authors.forename: Holiday A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Durham
authors.affiliation: School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Louisiana State University AgCenter, LA, USA.
authors.forename: Diana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Coulon
authors.affiliation: School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Louisiana State University AgCenter, LA, USA.
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Keenan
mesh_terms: D050153:Abdominal Fat; D000818:Animals; D001835:Body Weight; D002432:Cecum / Q000378:metabolism; D004063:Digestion; D005285:Fermentation; D000069196:Gastrointestinal Microbiome / Q000235:genetics; D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 / Q000378:metabolism; D007328:Insulin / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D009765:Obesity / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology; D011924:Rats, Zucker; D054411:Receptors, Leptin / Q000378:metabolism; D013213:Starch / Q000378:metabolism*; D000067348:Whole Grains
chemical_list: D007328:Insulin; D054411:Receptors, Leptin; D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1; D013213:Starch
keywords: Fermentation; Leptin signaling; Microbiota; Obese ZDF rats; Resistant starch; Whole-grain