title: Gastric Adenocarcinoma: An Update on Genomics, Immune System Modulations, and Targeted Therapy.
abstract: Gastric adenocarcinoma (GAC) is a global health burden on all societies, and it was the third-leading cause of cancer-related mortality in 2012, causing 723,000 deaths worldwide. The prognosis of patients with metastatic GAC remains poor, with a median overall survival of less than 1 year in patients treated with currently available therapies. A limited number of therapeutic agents is currently available. Recent additions to the armamentarium include trastuzumab and ramucirumab, which have shown some survival advantage when added to cytotoxic(s). Genomic analyses have defined various genotypes of GACs. The novel genomic knowledge can lead to discovery of novel targets and novel therapeutic agents. In this update, we focus on the current genomic data, targeted therapies including immune system modulators, and expand on HER2/neu testing and the use of agents against this target. Several other facets of GAC and its therapy are not to be included in this review but have been discussed elsewhere.
authors.affiliation: From the Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Kangnamgu, Seoul, South Korea; Division of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX.
authors.forename: Jeeyun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: From the Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Kangnamgu, Seoul, South Korea; Division of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX.
authors.forename: Adam J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Bass
authors.affiliation: From the Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Kangnamgu, Seoul, South Korea; Division of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX.
authors.forename: Jaffer A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Ajani
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000627:therapeutic use; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000235:genetics*; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D023281:Genomics; D006801:Humans; D007107:Immune System / Q000187:drug effects; D058990:Molecular Targeted Therapy; D011379:Prognosis; D018719:Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases / Q000235:genetics*; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics; D000068878:Trastuzumab / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000096662:Ramucirumab
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D018719:Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases; D000068878:Trastuzumab; D000096662:Ramucirumab; C508053:ERBB2 protein, human