title: Ions Release and pH of Calcium Hydroxide-, Chlorhexidine- and Bioactive Glass-Based Endodontic Medicaments.
abstract: This study evaluated pH and release of calcium, sodium and phosphate ions from different medications in human dentin. Fifty premolars were prepared and randomly divided into groups: (CHX) - 2% chlorhexidine gel; (CHX + CH) - CHX + calcium hydroxide PA; (CH) - CH + propylene glycol 600; (NPBG) - experimental niobium phosphate bioactive glass + distilled water; (BG) - bioactive glass (Bio-Gran) + distilled water. The specimens were immersed in deionized water and the pH variations were measured. The quantification of ions in the solutions was made by inductively coupled plasma - atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP/AES) at 10 min, 24 h, 7, 14, 21 and 30 days. The results were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey`s test, with a significance level of 5%. CH had the highest level of calcium ions release at 30 days, while CHX and BG released more sodium ions. BG, NPBG and CHX released a higher amount of phosphate ions. The pH of CH was significantly higher compared with the other groups. CH favored the greatest increase of pH and calcium ions release. The bioactive glasses released more sodium and phosphate ions and presented an alkaline pH immediately and after 30 days.
authors.affiliation: Department of Restorative Dentistry, Dental School, UNICEUMA - Universidade Ceuma, São Luis, MA, Brazil, Centro Universitário do Maranhão, Dental School, Universidade Ceuma, São Luis MA , Brazil.
authors.forename: Ceci Nunes
authors.initials: CN
authors.lastname: Carvalho
authors.affiliation: Department of Restorative Dentistry, Dental School, USP - Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil, Universidade de São Paulo, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Dental School, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo SP , Brazil.
authors.forename: Laila Gonzales
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Freire
authors.affiliation: Department of Restorative Dentistry, Dental School, USP - Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil, Universidade de São Paulo, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Dental School, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo SP , Brazil.
authors.forename: Alexandre Pinheiro Lima de
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Carvalho
authors.affiliation: Department of Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, Dental School of Bauru, USP - Universidade de São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil, Universidade de São Paulo, Department of Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, Dental School of Bauru, Universidade de São Paulo, Bauru SP , Brazil.
authors.forename: Marco Antonio Húngaro
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Duarte
authors.affiliation: Dental Materials, Dental School, UFMA - Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luis, MA, Brazil, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, Dental Materials, Dental School, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luis MA , Brazil.
authors.forename: José
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bauer
authors.affiliation: Department of Restorative Dentistry, Dental School, USP - Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil, Universidade de São Paulo, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Dental School, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo SP , Brazil.
authors.forename: Giulio
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gavini
mesh_terms: D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism*; D002126:Calcium Hydroxide / Q000737:chemistry*; D002710:Chlorhexidine / Q000737:chemistry*; D005898:Glass; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D012390:Root Canal Therapy
chemical_list: D002126:Calcium Hydroxide; D002710:Chlorhexidine; D002118:Calcium