title: Influence of frequency on shear fatigue strength of resin composite to enamel bonds using self-etch adhesives.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of different frequency rates on of bond durability of self-etch adhesives to enamel using shear fatigue strength (SFS) testing.
  
  
  
  A two-step self-etch adhesive (OX, OptiBond XTR), and two single step self-etch adhesives (GB, G-ӕnial Bond and SU, Scotchbond Universal) were used in this study. The shear fatigue strength (SFS) to enamel was obtained. A staircase method was used to determine the SFS values with 50,000 cycles or until failure occurred. Fatigue testing was performed at frequencies of 5Hz, 10Hz, and 20Hz. For each test condition, 30 specimens were prepared for the SFS testing.
  
  
  
  Regardless of the bond strength test method, OX showed significantly higher SFS values than the two single-step self-etch adhesives. For each of the three individual self-etch adhesives, there was no significant difference in SFS depending on the frequency rate, although 20Hz results tended to be higher.
  
  
  
  Regardless of the self-etch adhesive system, frequencies of 5Hz, 10Hz, and 20Hz produced similar results in fatigue strength of resin composite bonded to enamel using 50,000 cycles or until bond failure.
  
  
  
  Accelerated fatigue testing provides valuable information regarding the long term durability of resin composite to enamel bonding using self-etch adhesive system.
authors.affiliation: Department of Operative Dentistry, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan. Electronic address: takamizawa.toshiki@nihon-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Toshiki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takamizawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Creighton University School of Dentistry, Omaha, NE, USA.
authors.forename: Donal D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Scheidel
authors.affiliation: Department of General Dentistry, Creighton University School of Dentistry, Omaha, NE, USA.
authors.forename: Wayne W
authors.initials: WW
authors.lastname: Barkmeier
authors.affiliation: Department of General Dentistry, Creighton University School of Dentistry, Omaha, NE, USA.
authors.forename: Robert L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Erickson
authors.affiliation: Department of Operative Dentistry, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Akimasa
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tsujimoto
authors.affiliation: Department of General Dentistry, Creighton University School of Dentistry, Omaha, NE, USA.
authors.forename: Mark A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Latta
authors.affiliation: Department of Operative Dentistry, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Masashi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Miyazaki
mesh_terms: D000134:Acid Etching, Dental; D000269:Adhesives; D003188:Composite Resins; D001840:Dental Bonding; D003743:Dental Enamel; D003799:Dental Stress Analysis; D017220:Dentin-Bonding Agents; D006801:Humans; D008422:Materials Testing; D019279:Resin Cements; D033081:Shear Strength
chemical_list: D000269:Adhesives; D003188:Composite Resins; D017220:Dentin-Bonding Agents; D019279:Resin Cements
keywords: Enamel bonding; Frequency; Self-etch adhesive; Shear fatigue strength