title: A Longitudinal Assessment of Associations between Adolescent Environment, Adversity Perception, and Economic Status on Fertility and Age of Menarche.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Perceptions of environmental adversity and access to economic resources in adolescence can theoretically affect the timing of life history transitions and investment in reproductive effort. Here we present evidence of correlations between variables associated with subjective extrinsic mortality, economic status, and reproductive effort in a nationally representative American population of young adults.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used a longitudinal database that sampled American participants (N ≥ 1,579) at four points during early adolescence and early adulthood to test whether perceptions of environmental adversity and early economic status were associated with reproductive effort.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found that subjectively high ratings of environmental danger and low access to economic resources in adolescence were significantly associated with an earlier age of menarche in girls and earlier, more robust fertility in young adulthood.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  While energetics and somatic condition remain as possible sources of variation, the results of this study support the hypothesis that perceptions of adversity early in life and limited access to economic resources are associated with differences in reproductive effort and scheduling. How these factors may covary with energetics and somatic condition merits further investigation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anthropology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America.
authors.forename: Dorsa
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Amir
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America.
authors.forename: Matthew R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Jordan
authors.affiliation: Department of Anthropology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America.
authors.forename: Richard G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Bribiescas
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D005298:Fertility; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008572:Menarche; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D055815:Young Adult