title: Association of Children's Urinary CC16 Levels with Arsenic Concentrations in Multiple Environmental Media.
abstract: Arsenic exposure has been associated with decreased club cell secretory protein (CC16) levels in adults. Further, both arsenic exposure and decreased levels of CC16 in childhood have been associated with decreased adult lung function. Our objective was to determine if urinary CC16 levels in children are associated with arsenic concentrations in environmental media collected from their homes. Yard soil, house dust, and tap water were taken from 34 homes. Urine and toenail samples were collected from 68 children. All concentrations were natural log-transformed prior to data analysis. There were associations between urinary CC16 and arsenic concentration in soil (b = -0.43, p = 0.001, R² = 0.08), water (b = -0.22, p = 0.07, R² = 0.03), house dust (b = -0.37, p = 0.07, R² = 0.04), and dust loading (b = -0.21, p = 0.04, R² = 0.04). In multiple analyses, only the concentration of arsenic in soil was associated with urinary CC16 levels (b = -0.42, p = 0.02, R² = 0.14 (full model)) after accounting for other factors. The association between urinary CC16 and soil arsenic may suggest that localized arsenic exposure in the lungs could damage the airway epithelium and predispose children for diminished lung function. Future work to assess this possible mechanism should examine potential associations between airborne arsenic exposures, CC16 levels, lung function, and other possible confounders in children in arsenic-impacted communities.
authors.affiliation: Asthma and Airways Disease Research Center, University of Arizona, 1501 N. Campbell Ave., Tucson, AZ 85724, USA. pbeamer@email.arizona.edu.|Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, 1295 N. Martin Ave., Tucson, AZ 85724, USA. pbeamer@email.arizona.edu.|Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Arizona, 1133 E. James E. Rogers Way, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA. pbeamer@email.arizona.edu.
authors.forename: Paloma I
authors.initials: PI
authors.lastname: Beamer
authors.affiliation: Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, 1295 N. Martin Ave., Tucson, AZ 85724, USA. klimecki@pharmacy.arizona.edu.|Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, P.O. Box 210207, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA. klimecki@pharmacy.arizona.edu.
authors.forename: Walter T
authors.initials: WT
authors.lastname: Klimecki
authors.affiliation: Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, 1295 N. Martin Ave., Tucson, AZ 85724, USA. Miranda.loh@iom-world.org.|Institute of Occupational Medicine, Research Avenue North, Riccarton, Edinburgh EH14 4AP, UK. Miranda.loh@iom-world.org.
authors.forename: Miranda
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Loh
authors.affiliation: Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, 1295 N. Martin Ave., Tucson, AZ 85724, USA. yornelas@email.arizona.edu.
authors.forename: Yoshira Ornelas
authors.initials: YO
authors.lastname: Van Horne
authors.affiliation: Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, 1295 N. Martin Ave., Tucson, AZ 85724, USA. asugeng@email.arizona.edu.
authors.forename: Anastasia J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Sugeng
authors.affiliation: Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, 1295 N. Martin Ave., Tucson, AZ 85724, USA. lothrop@email.arizona.edu.
authors.forename: Nathan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Lothrop
authors.affiliation: Asthma and Airways Disease Research Center, University of Arizona, 1501 N. Campbell Ave., Tucson, AZ 85724, USA. dean.billheimer@arizona.edu.|Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, 1295 N. Martin Ave., Tucson, AZ 85724, USA. dean.billheimer@arizona.edu.
authors.forename: Dean
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Billheimer
authors.affiliation: Asthma and Airways Disease Research Center, University of Arizona, 1501 N. Campbell Ave., Tucson, AZ 85724, USA. stefano@email.arizona.edu.
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Guerra
authors.affiliation: Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, 1295 N. Martin Ave., Tucson, AZ 85724, USA. lantz@email.arizona.edu.|Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, P.O. Box 245044, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA. lantz@email.arizona.edu.
authors.forename: Robert Clark
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Lantz
authors.affiliation: Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, 1295 N. Martin Ave., Tucson, AZ 85724, USA. rcanales@email.arizona.edu.
authors.forename: Robert A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Canales
authors.affiliation: Asthma and Airways Disease Research Center, University of Arizona, 1501 N. Campbell Ave., Tucson, AZ 85724, USA. fernando@arc.arizona.edu.
authors.forename: Fernando D
authors.initials: FD
authors.lastname: Martinez
mesh_terms: D001130:Arizona; D001151:Arsenic / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000652:urine; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000032:analysis / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity*; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D014598:Uteroglobin / Q000652:urine*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D004785:Environmental Pollutants; C556389:SCGB1A1 protein, human; D014598:Uteroglobin; D001151:Arsenic
keywords: CC16; arsenic; children; drinking water; multi-route exposure assessment; respiratory health; soil; uteroglobulin