title: Enhancing transcranial direct current stimulation via motor imagery and kinesthetic illusion: crossing internal and external tools.
abstract: Transcranial direct current stimulation is a safe technique which is now part of the therapeutic armamentarium for the neuromodulation of motor functions and cognitive operations. It is currently considered that tDCS is an intervention that might promote functional recovery after a lesion in the central nervous system, thus reducing long-term disability and associated socio-economic burden.
  
  
  
  A recent study shows that kinesthetic illusion and motor imagery prolong the effects of tDCS on corticospinal excitability, overcoming one of the limitations of this intervention.
  
  
  
  Because changes in excitability anticipate changes in structural plasticity in the CNS, this interesting multi-modal approach might very soon find applications in neurorehabilitation.
authors.affiliation: Unité d'Etude du Mouvement, Laboratoire de Neurologie Expérimentale, ULB, Brussels, Belgium.
authors.forename: Florian
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bodranghien
authors.affiliation: Unité d'Etude du Mouvement, Laboratoire de Neurologie Expérimentale, ULB, Brussels, Belgium. mmanto@ulb.ac.be.|Service des Neurosciences, Université de Mons, Mons, Belgium. mmanto@ulb.ac.be.|UEM, FNRS-ULB, 808 Route de Lennik, 1070, Bruxelles, Belgium. mmanto@ulb.ac.be.
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Manto
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire INSERM U1093 Cognition, Action et Plasticité Sensorimotrice, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France.|UFR STAPS, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France.
authors.forename: Florent
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lebon
mesh_terms: D019054:Evoked Potentials, Motor / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007088:Illusions; D019018:Imagery, Psychotherapy / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D009044:Motor Cortex / Q000502:physiology; D065908:Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation / Q000379:methods*
keywords: Direct current stimulation; Excitability; Kinesthetic illusion; Motor imagery; Rehabilitation