title: Metabolic responses, performance, and reticuloruminal pH of early-lactating cows fed concentrates treated with lactic acid, with or without inorganic phosphorus supplementation.
abstract: Recent data indicate beneficial effects of treating grains with lactic acid (LA) in alleviating the need for inorganic phosphorus supplementation during ruminal fermentation in vitro. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of feeding concentrates treated with LA with or without inorganic phosphorus supplementation on feed intake, performance, blood variables, and reticuloruminal pH in dairy cows. A total of 16 early-lactating cows (12 Simmental and 4 Brown Swiss) were included in this study from d 1 until d 37 postpartum. Cows were fed 3 total mixed rations differing in supplementation of inorganic phosphorus and treatment of concentrates. The control (CON) and LA (+P) diets included a concentrate mixture containing 0.8% monocalcium phosphate, and the LA (-P) diet contained no inorganic phosphorus source. The concentrates of the LA (+P) and LA (-P) diets were treated with 5% LA for 24h before feeding, and the concentrate of the CON diet was not treated. Dry matter intake and milk yield were recorded daily, and milk composition and blood variables were determined on several occasions during the trial. Reticuloruminal pH was measured using indwelling sensors that allowed for continuous measurement during the experimental period. Data showed depressed dry matter intake in cows receiving LA-treated concentrates, but milk yield, body weight, and body weight changes remained similar among treatment groups. Cows receiving the LA-treated diets had lower concentrations of serum nonesterified fatty acids, cholesterol, and insulin, and they tended to have higher serum phosphorus levels. On the other hand, reticuloruminal pH was lower and duration of the pH being <6.0 was longer in cows in the LA-treated groups. Aspartate aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyltransferase, and concentrations of bilirubin and bile acids were lower in the LA (-P) group. Taken together, the 5% LA-treated diet without inorganic phosphorus supplementation did not exert any negative effects on performance. The observed beneficial effects on blood metabolites related to lipid metabolism, insulin sensitivity, and liver variables, as well as the tendency for greater systemic phosphorus circulation, suggest that diets including concentrates treated with 5% LA may allow for savings of inorganic phosphorus supplementation in dairy cows. Treatment with 5% LA enhanced cows' risk of developing subacute rumen acidosis, although this condition showed no adverse effects with respect to liver variables and the inflammatory response.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Khol-Parisini
authors.affiliation: Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Humer
authors.affiliation: Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Harder
authors.affiliation: Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, 83523 Qena, Egypt.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mickdam
authors.affiliation: Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria. Electronic address: qendrim.zebeli@vetmeduni.ac.at.
authors.forename: Q
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zebeli
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed / Q000032:analysis*; D000818:Animals; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases / Q000097:blood; D001647:Bile Acids and Salts / Q000097:blood; D001663:Bilirubin / Q000097:blood; D001835:Body Weight; D002417:Cattle; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D004032:Diet / Q000662:veterinary; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified / Q000097:blood; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D007774:Lactation; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000097:blood / Q000737:chemistry*; D050356:Lipid Metabolism; D008892:Milk / Q000378:metabolism; D010758:Phosphorus / Q000097:blood / Q000737:chemistry*; D012417:Rumen / Q000378:metabolism*; D005723:gamma-Glutamyltransferase / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D001647:Bile Acids and Salts; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; D007328:Insulin; D010758:Phosphorus; D019344:Lactic Acid; D002784:Cholesterol; D005723:gamma-Glutamyltransferase; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases; D001663:Bilirubin
keywords: blood metabolites; concentrate chemical treatment; dairy cow nutrition; phosphorus