title: Perinatal practice in extreme premature delivery: variation in Dutch physicians' preferences despite guideline.
abstract: Decisions at the limits of viability about initiating care are challenging. We aimed to investigate physicians' preferences on treatment decisions, against the background of the 2010 Dutch guideline offering active care from 24(+0/7) weeks of gestational age (GA). Obstetricians' and neonatologists' opinions were compared. An online survey was conducted amongst all perinatal professionals (n = 205) of the 10 Dutch level III perinatal care centers. Response rate was 60 % (n = 122). Comfort care was mostly recommended below 24(+0/7) weeks and intensive care over 26(+0/7) weeks. The professional views varied most at 24 and 25 weeks, with intensive care recommended but comfort care at parental request optional being the median. There was a wide range in perceived lowest limits of GA for interventions as a caesarian section and a neonatologist present at birth. Obstetricians and neonatologists disagreed on the lowest limit providing chest compressions and administering epinephrine for resuscitation. The main factors restricting active treatment were presence of congenital disorders, "small for gestational age" fetus, and incomplete course of corticosteroids.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There was a wide variety in individually preferred treatment decisions, especially when aspects were not covered in the Dutch guideline on perinatal practice in extreme prematurity. Furthermore, obstetricians and neonatologists did not always agree.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  • Cross-cultural differences exists in the preferred treatment at the limits of viability • In the Netherlands since 2010, intensive care can be offered starting at 24 (+0/7)   weeks gestation What is new: • There was a wide variety in preferred treatment decisions at the limits of viability especially when aspects were not covered in the Dutch national guideline on perinatal practice in extreme prematurity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Radboud university medical center Amalia Children's Hospital, Nijmegen, The Netherlands. Rosa.Geurtzen@radboudumc.nl.
authors.forename: Rosa
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Geurtzen
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Radboud university medical center Amalia Children's Hospital, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Jos
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Draaisma
authors.affiliation: Scientific Institute for Quality of Care, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Rosella
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hermens
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynecology, Maastricht UMC+, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Hubertina
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Scheepers
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynecology, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Mallory
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Woiski
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Radboud university medical center Amalia Children's Hospital, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Arno
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: van Heijst
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Radboud university medical center Amalia Children's Hospital, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Marije
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hogeveen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003657:Decision Making; D005260:Female; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D062071:Infant, Extremely Premature; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D015931:Intensive Care, Neonatal; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009426:Netherlands; D009774:Obstetrics; D010166:Palliative Care; D018743:Perinatal Care; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians'; D011247:Pregnancy; D047928:Premature Birth; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: Extreme prematurity; Limits of viability; Prenatal counseling; Resuscitation; Treatment decisions