title: Remote Control of Intestinal Stem Cell Activity by Haemocytes in Drosophila.
abstract: The JAK/STAT pathway is a key signaling pathway in the regulation of development and immunity in metazoans. In contrast to the multiple combinatorial JAK/STAT pathways in mammals, only one canonical JAK/STAT pathway exists in Drosophila. It is activated by three secreted proteins of the Unpaired family (Upd): Upd1, Upd2 and Upd3. Although many studies have established a link between JAK/STAT activation and tissue damage, the mode of activation and the precise function of this pathway in the Drosophila systemic immune response remain unclear. In this study, we used mutations in upd2 and upd3 to investigate the role of the JAK/STAT pathway in the systemic immune response. Our study shows that haemocytes express the three upd genes and that injury markedly induces the expression of upd3 by the JNK pathway in haemocytes, which in turn activates the JAK/STAT pathway in the fat body and the gut. Surprisingly, release of Upd3 from haemocytes upon injury can remotely stimulate stem cell proliferation and the expression of Drosomycin-like genes in the intestine. Our results also suggest that a certain level of intestinal epithelium renewal is required for optimal survival to septic injury. While haemocyte-derived Upd promotes intestinal stem cell activation and survival upon septic injury, haemocytes are dispensable for epithelium renewal upon oral bacterial infection. Our study also indicates that intestinal epithelium renewal is sensitive to insults from both the lumen and the haemocoel. It also reveals that release of Upds by haemocytes coordinates the wound-healing program in multiple tissues, including the gut, an organ whose integrity is critical to fly survival.
authors.affiliation: Global Health Institute, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Sveta
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chakrabarti
authors.affiliation: Global Health Institute, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Jan Paul
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-1657-6958
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Dudzic
authors.affiliation: Global Health Institute, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Xiaoxue
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Global Health Institute, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Esther Jeanne
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Collas
authors.affiliation: Global Health Institute, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Jean-Phillipe
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Boquete
authors.affiliation: Global Health Institute, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Bruno
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lemaitre
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004330:Drosophila / Q000235:genetics; D029721:Drosophila Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D005216:Fat Body / Q000276:immunology / Q000293:injuries / Q000378:metabolism; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006434:Hemocytes / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D007113:Immunity, Innate / Q000235:genetics*; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism; D007422:Intestines / Q000276:immunology / Q000293:injuries / Q000473:pathology; D053612:Janus Kinases / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D008322:Mammals / Q000235:genetics; D050791:STAT Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000235:genetics; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D029721:Drosophila Proteins; D050791:STAT Transcription Factors; D014157:Transcription Factors; C508880:Upd2 protein, Drosophila; C558732:Upd3 protein, Drosophila; C091227:DRS protein, Drosophila; D053612:Janus Kinases; C085845:hop protein, Drosophila