title: Is heat pain detection threshold associated with the area of secondary hyperalgesia following brief thermal sensitization? A study of healthy volunteers - design and detailed plan of analysis.
abstract: Several factors are believed to influence the development and experience of pain. Human clinical pain models are central tools, in the investigation of basic physiologic pain responses, and can be applied in patients as well as in healthy volunteers. Each clinical pain model investigates different aspects of the human pain response. Brief thermal sensitization induces a mild burn injury, resulting in development of primary hyperalgesia at the site of stimulation, and secondary hyperalgesia surrounding the site of stimulation. Central sensitization is believed to play an important role in the development of secondary hyperalgesia; however, a possible association of secondary hyperalgesia following brief thermal sensitization and other heat pain models remains unknown. Our aim with this study is to investigate how close the heat pain detection threshold is associated with the size of the area of secondary hyperalgesia induced by the clinical heat pain model: Brief thermal sensitization.
  
  
  
  We aim to include 120 healthy participants. The participants will be tested on two separate study days with the following procedures: i) Brief thermal sensitization, ii) heat pain detection threshold and iii) pain during thermal stimulation. Additionally, the participants will be tested with the Pain Catastrophizing Scale and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale questionnaires. We conducted statistical simulations based on data from our previous study, to estimate an empirical power of 99.9 % with α of 0.05. We define that an R(2) < 0.25 and predictive intervals larger than +/-150 cm(2) are indications of a weak association.
  
  
  
  The area of secondary hyperalgesia may serve as a quantitative measure of the central sensitization induced by cutaneous heat stimulation, and thus may be a biomarker of an individual's pain sensitivity. The number of studies investigating secondary hyperalgesia is growing; however basic knowledge of the physiologic aspects of secondary hyperalgesia in humans is still incomplete. We therefore find it interesting to investigate if HPDT, a known quantitative sensory test, is associated with areas of secondary hyperalgesia following brief thermal sensitization
  
  
  
  Clinicaltrials.gov (Identifier: NCT02527395 ). Danish Research Ethics Committee (Identifier: H-8-2014-012). Danish Data Protection Agency (Identifier: 30-1436).
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesiology, 4231, Centre of Head and Orthopaedics, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark. morten.sejer.hansen@regionh.dk.
authors.forename: Morten Sejer
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Hansen
authors.affiliation: Copenhagen Trial Unit, Centre for Clinical Intervention Research, dep. 7812, Blegdamsvej 9, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark.
authors.forename: Jørn
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wetterslev
authors.affiliation: Section of Biostatistics, Faculty of Health, Copenhagen University, Øster Farigmagsgade 5, Copenhagen, 1014, Denmark.
authors.forename: Christian Bressen
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Pipper
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesiology, 4231, Centre of Head and Orthopaedics, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark.
authors.forename: Mohammad Sohail
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Asghar
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesiology, dep. Z, Bispebjerg Hospital, Bispebjerg Bakke 23, Copenhagen, 2400, Denmark.
authors.forename: Jørgen Berg
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Dahl
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001007:Anxiety / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis; D002985:Clinical Protocols; D003863:Depression / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis; D064368:Healthy Volunteers / Q000523:psychology; D006358:Hot Temperature / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D006930:Hyperalgesia / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology; D008297:Male; D017288:Pain Threshold / Q000502:physiology* / Q000523:psychology; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Anaesthesiology; Central sensitization; Hyperalgesia; Pain; Physiology; Quantitative sensory testing