title: Characteristics of Youth With Combined Histories of Violent Behavior, Suicidal Ideation or Behavior, and Gun-Carrying.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Youth reporting combined histories of nonfatal violence, suicidal ideation/behavior, and gun-carrying (VSG) are at risk for perpetrating fatal interpersonal violence and self-harm.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We characterized these youth to inform prevention efforts.
  
  
  METHODS
  We analyzed 2004 data from 3,931 seventh-, ninth-, and 11-12th-grade youth and compared VSG youth (n = 66) with non-gun carrying youth who either had no histories of violence or suicidal thoughts/behavior (n = 1,839), histories of violence (n = 884), histories of suicidal thoughts/behaviors (n = 552), or both (n = 590). We compared groups based on demographic factors, risk factors (i.e., friends who engage in delinquency, peer-violence victimization, depressive symptoms, illicit substance use), and protective factors (i.e., school connectedness, parental care and supervision). Regression models identified factors associated with VSG youth.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Illicit substance use and having friends who engage in delinquency were more common among VSG youth in all comparisons; almost all VSG youth had high levels of these factors. Depressive symptoms were positively associated with VSG youth versus youth without either violent or suicide-related histories and youth with violent histories alone. School connectedness and parental supervision were negatively associated with VSG youth in most comparisons.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Family-focused and school-based interventions that increase connectedness while reducing delinquency and substance use might prevent these violent tendencies.
authors.affiliation: 1 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Division of Violence Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
authors.forename: Joseph E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Logan
authors.affiliation: 1 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Division of Violence Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
authors.forename: Kevin J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Vagi
authors.affiliation: 2 University of Chicago, School of Social Service Administration, Chicago, IL, USA.
authors.forename: Deborah
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gorman-Smith
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D003863:Depression / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D005389:Firearms; D006801:Humans; D007604:Juvenile Delinquency / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008297:Male; D010287:Parent-Child Relations; D016487:Parenting; D010379:Peer Group; D065840:Protective Factors; D012307:Risk Factors; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology*; D059020:Suicidal Ideation; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D014754:Violence / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*
keywords: youth gun-carrying; youth suicide; youth violence