title: Temperature Changes on External Root Surfaces with the Use of Several Thermoplastic Filling Techniques.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The purpose of this study was to measure the temperature rise on the external root surface of filled root canals using Touch'n Heat (Analytic Endodontics, Orange, CA), the TC System (TC; Tanaka de Castro & Minatel Ltda, Cascavel, PR, Brazil), and the Tagger technique.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-five single-canal mandibular premolar human teeth were used in the 3 experimental groups. The root canals were enlarged to accommodate up to an R40 Reciproc file (VDW, Munich, Germany). Next, the specimens were filled according to the technique evaluated. The measurement of the temperature was performed by K chromium-aluminum thermocouples attached to the coronal, middle, and apical root levels.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was a significant difference among the 3 techniques (P < .001) in relation to the temperature variation between the highest temperature and the initial temperature. The highest temperature change was found with the Tagger technique at the middle third root level (11.8°C), and the lowest variation was in TC at the cervical third (2.05°C).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There was a rise of temperature on the external root surface for all of the techniques evaluated. TC showed the lowest temperature rise.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil.
authors.forename: Daniele Zafalon
authors.initials: DZ
authors.lastname: Beraldo
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. Electronic address: keyendo@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Key Fabiano Souza
authors.initials: KF
authors.lastname: Pereira
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil.
authors.forename: Franciely Mariani Silva
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Yoshinari
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Engineering, Architecture and Urban Planning and Geography, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil.
authors.forename: João Onofre Pereira
authors.initials: JO
authors.lastname: Pinto
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Engineering, Architecture and Urban Planning and Geography, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil.
authors.forename: Tiago Henrique
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: de Abreu Mateus
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil.
authors.forename: Edilson José
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Zafalon
mesh_terms: D001641:Bicuspid; D006171:Gutta-Percha / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008422:Materials Testing; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials / Q000737:chemistry*; D018915:Root Canal Preparation / Q000379:methods*; D013499:Surface Properties; D013696:Temperature; D062125:Thermometry / Q000295:instrumentation*
chemical_list: D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials; D006171:Gutta-Percha
keywords: TC system; Tagger technique; Touch'n heat; temperature rise