title: Clinicians in 25 countries prefer to use lower levels of oxygen to resuscitate preterm infants at birth.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study determined current international clinical practice and opinions regarding initial fractional inspired oxygen (FiO2 ) and pulse oximetry (SpO2 ) targets for delivery room resuscitation of preterm infants of less than 29 weeks of gestation.
  
  
  METHODS
  An online survey was disseminated to neonatal clinicians via established professional clinical networks using a web-based survey programme between March 9 and June 30, 2015.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 630 responses from 25 countries, 60% were from neonatologists. The majority (77%) would target SpO2 between the 10th to 50th percentiles values for full-term infants. The median starting FiO2 was 0.3, with Japan using the highest (0.4) and the UK using the lowest (0.21). New Zealand targeted the highest SpO2 percentiles (median 50%). Most respondents agreed or did not disagree that a trial was required that compared the higher FiO2 of 0.6 (83%), targeting the 50th SpO2 percentile (60%), and the lower FiO2 of 0.21 (80%), targeting the 10th SpO2 percentile (78%). Most (65%) would join this trial. Many considered that evidence was lacking and further research was needed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Clinicians currently favour lower SpO2 targets for preterm resuscitation, despite acknowledging the lack of evidence for benefit or harm, and 65% would join a clinical trial.
authors.affiliation: School of Women's and Children's Health, The University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, Australia.|Department of Newborn Care, The Royal Hospital for Women, Randwick, NSW, Australia.|NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.
authors.forename: Ju Lee
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Oei
authors.affiliation: NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.
authors.forename: Alpana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ghadge
authors.affiliation: NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.
authors.forename: Elisabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Coates
authors.affiliation: Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute and Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia.|Department of Neonatology, The John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, NSW, Australia.
authors.forename: Ian M
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Wright
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Research, Oslo University Hospital, The University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Ola D
authors.initials: OD
authors.lastname: Saugstad
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: Maximo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vento
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Buonocore
authors.affiliation: National Home Doctor Service, Spring Hill, QLD, Australia.
authors.forename: Tatsuo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nagashima
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Keiji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, Nihon University, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Shiguhero
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hosono
authors.affiliation: The Royal Women's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.|Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
authors.forename: Peter G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Davis
authors.affiliation: Department of Neonatology, The John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, NSW, Australia.
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Craven
authors.affiliation: NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.
authors.forename: Lisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Askie
authors.affiliation: The Royal Women's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.|Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dawson
authors.affiliation: South Tees Hospitals, Middlesborough, UK.
authors.forename: Shalabh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Garg
authors.affiliation: NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.
authors.forename: Anthony
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Keech
authors.affiliation: Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.
authors.forename: Yacov
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Rabi
authors.affiliation: School of Women's and Children's Health, The University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, Australia.|Department of Newborn Care, The Royal Hospital for Women, Randwick, NSW, Australia.
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Smyth
authors.affiliation: South Tees Hospitals, Middlesborough, UK.
authors.forename: Sunil
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sinha
authors.affiliation: Simpson Centre for Reproductive Health, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
authors.forename: Ben
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Stenson
authors.affiliation: School of Women's and Children's Health, The University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, Australia.|Department of Newborn Care, The Royal Hospital for Women, Randwick, NSW, Australia.
authors.forename: Kei
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lui
authors.affiliation: Department of Newborn Care, The Royal Hospital for Women, Randwick, NSW, Australia.
authors.forename: Carol Lu
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Hunter
authors.affiliation: NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Tarnow Mordi
mesh_terms: D001238:Asphyxia Neonatorum / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature; D000072156:Neonatologists / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D010100:Oxygen / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D012151:Resuscitation; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D010100:Oxygen
keywords: Oxygen; Preterm babies; Resuscitation; Survey