title: Vaccine Wastage Assessment After Introduction of Open Vial Policy in Surat Municipal Corporation Area of India.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  As per the vaccine management policy of the Government of India all vaccine vials opened for an immunization session were discarded at the end of that session, irrespective of the type of vaccine or the number of doses remaining in the vial prior to 2013. Subsequently, open vial policy (OVP) was introduced in 2013 and should reduce both vaccine wastage as well as governmental healthcare costs for immunization. This study evaluates the vaccine wastage after introduction of the OVP and its comparison with the previous study of vaccine wastage in Surat city before implementation of OVP. It needs to mention that the vaccine policy for this period under comparison was uniform except for the OVP.
  
  
  METHODS
  Information regarding vaccine doses consumed and children vaccinated during immunization sessions of 24 urban health centers (UHCs) of Surat city were retrieved for the period of January 1st, 2014 to March 31st, 2014. The data were analyzed to estimate vaccine wastage rate (WR) and vaccine wastage factor (WF). In order to assess the impact of OVP, vaccine WR of this study was compared with that of previous study conducted in Surat city during January 1st, 2012 to March 31st, 2012.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The vaccine WR for oral polio vaccine (OPV) has decreased from 25% to 13.62%, while the WRs for DPT, hepatitis B virus (HBV) and the pentavalent vaccine combinedly have decreased from 17.94% to 8.05%. Thus, by implementation of OVP, an estimated 747 727 doses of OPV and 343 725 doses of diphtheria, pertussis and tetanus toxoid vaccine (DPT), HBV and the pentavalent vaccines combinedly have been saved in Surat city of India in a year.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The implementation of the OVP in Surat city has led to a significant lowering in the vaccine wastage, leading to savings due to lower vaccine requirements.
authors.affiliation: Department of Community Medicine, SMIMER Medical College, Surat, GJ, India.
authors.forename: Prakash B
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.affiliation: Department of Community Medicine, SMIMER Medical College, Surat, GJ, India.
authors.forename: Jayesh J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Rana
authors.affiliation: Department of Community Medicine, SMIMER Medical College, Surat, GJ, India.
authors.forename: Sunil G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Jangid
authors.affiliation: Department of Community Medicine, SMIMER Medical College, Surat, GJ, India.
authors.forename: Neha R
authors.initials: NR
authors.lastname: Bavarva
authors.affiliation: Department of Community Medicine, SMIMER Medical College, Surat, GJ, India.
authors.forename: Manan J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.affiliation: Department of Community Medicine, SMIMER Medical College, Surat, GJ, India.
authors.forename: Raj Kumar
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Bansal
mesh_terms: D006291:Health Policy; D006801:Humans; D017589:Immunization Programs / Q000191:economics* / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*; D007194:India; D019037:Urban Health Services / Q000191:economics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D014612:Vaccines / Q000191:economics*
chemical_list: D014612:Vaccines
keywords: Open Vial Policy (OVP); Pentavalent Vaccine; Vaccine Wastage Factor (WF); Vaccine Wastage Rate (WR)