title: Fate of Free and Conjugated Mycotoxins within the Production of Distiller's Dried Grains with Solubles (DDGS).
abstract: Contamination of feed with mycotoxins represents a serious worldwide problem concerning animal health and related economic losses. The present paper provides comprehensive knowledge about the fate of mycotoxins during the production of distiller's dried grains with solubles (DDGS). The study was carried out using naturally infected maize material in five repetitions. For mycotoxin analysis, a QuEChERS-like ("Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, and Safe") isolation approach and ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) was used. A significant increase of deoxynivalenol (DON) and its glycosylated form, DON-3-glucoside (DON-3-Glc), was observed during the first part of fermentation, when hydrolytic enzymes were added. After yeast addition, the total DON content rapidly decreased. An opposite trend was observed for fumonisin B1 (FB1), in which yeast addition contributed to increase of its content. Further considerable change in mycotoxin content occurred during the drying step, in which approximately two-thirds of the original content was lost.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition, University of Chemistry and Technology , Technicka 3, 16628 Prague 6, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Zbynek
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Dzuman
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition, University of Chemistry and Technology , Technicka 3, 16628 Prague 6, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Milena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stranska-Zachariasova
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition, University of Chemistry and Technology , Technicka 3, 16628 Prague 6, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vaclavikova
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition, University of Chemistry and Technology , Technicka 3, 16628 Prague 6, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Monika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tomaniova
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition, University of Chemistry and Technology , Technicka 3, 16628 Prague 6, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Zdenka
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Veprikova
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition, University of Chemistry and Technology , Technicka 3, 16628 Prague 6, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Petra
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Slavikova
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition, University of Chemistry and Technology , Technicka 3, 16628 Prague 6, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Jana
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hajslova
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed / Q000032:analysis*; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid; D005285:Fermentation; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis*; D009183:Mycotoxins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry; D015003:Yeasts / Q000378:metabolism; D003313:Zea mays / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: D009183:Mycotoxins
keywords: bioethanol technology; distiller’s dried grains with solubles; feed; mycotoxins; tandem mass spectrometry; ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography