title: Body Dysmorphic Disorder in aesthetic rhinoplasty: Validating a new screening tool.
abstract: To validate a new screening tool for body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) in patients seeking aesthetic rhinoplasty.
  
  
  
  We performed a prospective instrument validation study in an academic rhinology clinic.
  
  
  
  The Body Dysmorphic Disorder Questionnaire-Aesthetic Surgery (BDDQ-AS) is a seven-item short questionnaire validated in 116 patients undergoing aesthetic rhinoplasty. Screening was positive if the patient acknowledged on the BDDQ-AS that he/she was concerned about their appearance (question 1 = yes) AND preoccupied with these concerns (question 2 = yes) AND that these concerns caused at least moderate distress or impairment in different domains of daily life (question 3 or 4 or 5 or 6 ≥ 3 or question 7 = yes). Construct validity was assessed by comparing the BDDQ-AS to the Sheehan Disability Scale and the Derriford Appearance Scale-59. To determine concurrent validity, the BDDQ-AS was compared to the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale Modified for BDD. Finally, the predictive value of the BDDQ-AS on satisfaction 12 months after rhinoplasty was evaluated using a visual analogue scale and the Rhinoplasty Outcome Evaluation.
  
  
  
  Reliability of the BDDQ-AS was adequate, with Cronbach alpha = .83 for rhinoplasty patients and .84 for controls. Sensitivity was 89.6% and specificity 81.4%. BDDQ-AS-positive patients (n = 55) were more impaired in daily life and experienced more appearance-related distress and dysfunction compared to BDDQ-AS-negative patients. Moreover, they had more severe BDD symptoms. Finally, BDDQ-AS-positive patients were less satisfied after surgery compared to BDDQ-AS-negative patients.
  
  
  
  We hereby validated a new screening tool for BDD in an aesthetic rhinoplasty population.
  
  
  
  3b. Laryngoscope, 126:1739-1745, 2016.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
authors.forename: Garyfalia
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lekakis
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
authors.forename: Valerie A
authors.initials: VA
authors.lastname: Picavet
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University Hospitals Leuven, and Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
authors.forename: Loes
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gabriëls
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
authors.forename: Jente
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Grietens
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
authors.forename: Peter W
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Hellings
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D057215:Body Dysmorphic Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012225:Rhinoplasty; D057566:Self Report
keywords: Body Dysmorphic Disorder Questionnaire; Body dysmorphic disorder; aesthetic; cosmetic surgery; dysmorphophobia; questionnaire; rhinoplasty; screening