title: Levels, distributions and sources of veterinary antibiotics in the sediments of the Bohai Sea in China and surrounding estuaries.
abstract: Veterinary antibiotics are emerging contaminants of concern. A total of 139 samples comprising 104 marine sediments and 35 estuarine sediments were collected from the Bohai Sea area and analyzed for seventeen antibiotics. The results reveal that the presence and concentration of antibiotics were generally higher in the estuaries than in the sea. The highest antibiotic concentration, 4695μgkg(-1) of oxytetracycline, occurred in the estuarine sediment from Ziya New River. Bohai Bay and Laizhou Bay and the surrounding estuaries had higher concentrations of antibiotics. However, low levels of antibiotics detected were detected in Liaodong Bay in contrast to the high concentrations present in the surrounding estuaries. Spatial heterogeneity and principal component analysis suggest a large impact of terrestrial sources of the antibiotics contaminating the Bohai Sea. Risk quotients indicate that current levels of norfloxacin and oxytetracycline might be potentially hazardous to sensitive biota both in the Bohai Sea and in its surrounding estuaries.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
authors.forename: Xinghua
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China. Electronic address: hbzhang@yic.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Haibo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China.
authors.forename: Lianzhen
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
authors.forename: Chuancheng
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China.
authors.forename: Chen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Nanjing Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China.
authors.forename: Yujuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Nanjing Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
authors.forename: Longhua
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
authors.forename: Jianhui
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China. Electronic address: ymluo@yic.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Yongming
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Nanjing Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Christie
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000032:analysis*; D061006:Bays / Q000737:chemistry*; D002681:China; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D063366:Estuaries; D019015:Geologic Sediments / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry*; D045483:Rivers / Q000737:chemistry; D012623:Seawater / Q000737:chemistry; D019155:Veterinary Drugs / Q000032:analysis*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D019155:Veterinary Drugs; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical
keywords: Emerging contaminants; Estuaries; Marine sediment; Risk assessment; Source apportionment; Spatial distribution