title: The role of emotional maltreatment and looming cognitive style in the development of social anxiety symptoms in late adolescents.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Social looming constitutes a specific cognitive vulnerability that acts as a danger schema and biases the processing of threat-related information associated with the development of social anxiety disorder. This model characterizes early negative experiences as critical to the formation of looming cognitive style. Furthermore, research has found links between parental emotional abuse and peer victimization and social anxiety.
  
  
  METHODS
  A three-wave longitudinal design was used to analyze the role of parents' emotional abuse and peer victimization in the onset of social anxiety symptoms through the development of this cognitive style.
  
  
  METHODS
  The final sample was made up of 307 females and 243 males (Mage= 16.97, SDage= .81). Perceived parents' emotional abuse and peer victimization by participants were measured at Time 1, social looming was measured at Time 1 and 2, and social anxiety symptoms were measured at Times 1, 2, and 3.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Parents' emotional abuse and peer victimization were related to social anxiety cross-sectionally. Longitudinally, social looming acted as a mediator in the relationship between parents' emotional abuse and social anxiety.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings highlight the need to better understand the mechanisms through which emotional abuse and peer victimization impact social looming and contribute to social anxiety.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Personality, Psychological Assessment and Treatment , University of Deusto , Bilbao , Spain.
authors.forename: Zahira
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: González-Díez
authors.affiliation: a Department of Personality, Psychological Assessment and Treatment , University of Deusto , Bilbao , Spain.
authors.forename: Izaskun
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Orue
authors.affiliation: a Department of Personality, Psychological Assessment and Treatment , University of Deusto , Bilbao , Spain.
authors.forename: Esther
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Calvete
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000294:Adolescent Behavior / Q000523:psychology*; D000328:Adult; D001007:Anxiety / Q000523:psychology*; D058445:Bullying / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D003071:Cognition; D004644:Emotions; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D010379:Peer Group; D013030:Spain / Q000453:epidemiology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Social looming; parents’ emotional abuse; peer victimization; social anxiety