title: Radiolead (210)Pb and (210)Po/(210)Pb activity ratios in calcium supplements and the assessment of their possible dose to consumers.
abstract: This paper presents the results of pioneer study of the most popular calcium supplements as a potential additional source of radiolead (210)Pb in human diet. The analyzed calcium pharmaceutics contained organic or inorganic calcium compounds; some came from natural sources as mussels' shells, fish extracts, or sedimentary rocks. The idea was to investigate the naturally occurring (210)Pb activity in different calcium supplements and calculate the annual effective radiation dose from radiolead (210)Pb decay in consumed calcium supplement. The results showed (210)Pb concentrations in natural origin calcium supplements (especially sedimentary rocks) were significantly higher. The highest (210)Pb activity concentrations were determined in mineral tablets made from dolomite - 2.97 ± 0.18 mBq g(-1), while the lowest was observed in organic calcium compounds - both calcium lactate - 0.08 ± 0.01 and 0.13 ± 0.01 mBq g(-1). The highest annual radiation dose from (210)Pb taken with 1 tablet of calcium supplement per day was calculated for soluble calcium lactate sample - 1.19 ± 0.03 µSv year(-1), while the highest annual radiation dose from (210)Pb taken daily with 1 g of pure Ca for dolomite - 5.57 ± 0.34 µSv year(-1).
authors.affiliation: a Laboratory of Analytics & Environmental Radiochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk , Gdańsk , Poland.
authors.forename: Dagmara I
authors.initials: DI
authors.lastname: Strumińska-Parulska
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000032:analysis*; D019587:Dietary Supplements / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D007856:Lead Radioisotopes / Q000032:analysis*; D011044:Poland; D011059:Polonium / Q000032:analysis*; D014875:Water Pollutants, Radioactive / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D007856:Lead Radioisotopes; D014875:Water Pollutants, Radioactive; D011059:Polonium; D002118:Calcium
keywords: 210Po/210Pb activity ratios; Radiolead 210Pb; calcium; effective radiation dose; supplement