title: Effects of Dietary Fibre (Pectin) and/or Increased Protein (Casein or Pea) on Satiety, Body Weight, Adiposity and Caecal Fermentation in High Fat Diet-Induced Obese Rats.
abstract: Dietary constituents that suppress appetite, such as dietary fibre and protein, may aid weight loss in obesity. The soluble fermentable dietary fibre pectin promotes satiety and decreases adiposity in diet-induced obese rats but effects of increased protein are unknown. Adult diet-induced obese rats reared on high fat diet (45% energy from fat) were given experimental diets ad libitum for 4 weeks (n = 8/group): high fat control, high fat with high protein (40% energy) as casein or pea protein, or these diets with added 10% w/w pectin. Dietary pectin, but not high protein, decreased food intake by 23% and induced 23% body fat loss, leading to 12% lower final body weight and 44% lower total body fat mass than controls. Plasma concentrations of satiety hormones PYY and total GLP-1 were increased by dietary pectin (168% and 151%, respectively) but not by high protein. Plasma leptin was decreased by 62% on pectin diets and 38% on high pea (but not casein) protein, while plasma insulin was decreased by 44% on pectin, 38% on high pea and 18% on high casein protein diets. Caecal weight and short-chain fatty acid concentrations in the caecum were increased in pectin-fed and high pea protein groups: caecal succinate was increased by pectin (900%), acetate and propionate by pectin (123% and 118%, respectively) and pea protein (147% and 144%, respectively), and butyrate only by pea protein (309%). Caecal branched-chain fatty acid concentrations were decreased by pectin (down 78%) but increased by pea protein (164%). Therefore, the soluble fermentable fibre pectin appeared more effective than high protein for increasing satiety and decreasing caloric intake and adiposity while on high fat diet, and produced a fermentation environment more likely to promote hindgut health. Altogether these data indicate that high fibre may be better than high protein for weight (fat) loss in obesity.
authors.affiliation: Obesity & Metabolic Health Division, Rowett Institute of Nutrition & Health, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Clare L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Adam
authors.affiliation: Gut Health Division, Rowett Institute of Nutrition & Health, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Silvia W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Gratz
authors.affiliation: Obesity & Metabolic Health Division, Rowett Institute of Nutrition & Health, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland, United Kingdom.|Gut Health Division, Rowett Institute of Nutrition & Health, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Diana I
authors.initials: DI
authors.lastname: Peinado
authors.affiliation: Obesity & Metabolic Health Division, Rowett Institute of Nutrition & Health, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Lynn M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Thomson
authors.affiliation: Obesity & Metabolic Health Division, Rowett Institute of Nutrition & Health, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Karen E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Garden
authors.affiliation: Obesity & Metabolic Health Division, Rowett Institute of Nutrition & Health, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Patricia A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.affiliation: Gut Health Division, Rowett Institute of Nutrition & Health, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Anthony J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Richardson
authors.affiliation: Obesity & Metabolic Health Division, Rowett Institute of Nutrition & Health, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Alexander W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Ross
mesh_terms: D050154:Adiposity / Q000187:drug effects*; D000818:Animals; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects*; D002364:Caseins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002432:Cecum / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000494:pharmacology; D004043:Dietary Fiber / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D009765:Obesity / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology; D018532:Pisum sativum; D010368:Pectins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014674:Plant Proteins, Dietary / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012528:Satiety Response / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D002364:Caseins; D004041:Dietary Fats; D004043:Dietary Fiber; D014674:Plant Proteins, Dietary; D010368:Pectins