title: Measurement Properties of the Quebec Back Pain Disability Scale in Patients With Nonspecific Low Back Pain: Systematic Review.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The Quebec Back Pain Disability Scale (QBPDS) has been translated into different languages, and several studies on its measurement properties have been done.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this review was to critically appraise and compare the measurement properties, when possible, of all language versions of the QBPDS by systematically reviewing the methodological quality and results of the available studies.
  
  
  METHODS
  Bibliographic databases (PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, and PsycINFO) were searched for articles with the key words "Quebec," "back," "pain," and "disability" in combination with a methodological search filter for finding studies on measurement properties concerning the development or evaluation of the measurement properties of the QBPDS in patients with nonspecific low back pain. Assessment of the methodological quality was carried out by the reviewers using the COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments (COSMIN) checklist for both the original language version of the QBPDS in English and French and all translated versions. The results of the measurement properties were rated based on criteria proposed by Terwee et al.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The search strategy resulted in identification of 1,436 publications, and 27 articles were included in the systematic review. There was limited-to-moderate evidence of good reliability, validity, and responsiveness of the QBPDS for the different language versions, but for no language version was evidence available for all measurement properties.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  For research and clinical practice, caution is advised when using the QBPDS to measure disability in patients with nonspecific low back pain. Strong evidence is lacking on all measurement properties for each language version of the QBPDS.
authors.affiliation: C.M. Speksnijder, PT, PhD, Physical Therapy Science, Program in Clinical Health Sciences, University Medical Center Utrecht, Intern Post G05.122, PO Box 85.500, 3508 GA Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Oral-Maxillofacial Surgery, Prosthodontics and Special Dental Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; and Radboud University Medical Center, IQ Healthcare, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Nijmegen, the Netherlands. C.M.Speksnijder@umcutrecht.nl.
authors.forename: Caroline M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Speksnijder
authors.affiliation: T. Koppenaal, PT, MSc, Department of Allied Health Professions, Fontys University of Applied Sciences, Eindhoven, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Tjarco
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Koppenaal
authors.affiliation: J.A. Knottnerus, PhD, Department of General Practice, Care and Public Health Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: J André
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Knottnerus
authors.affiliation: M. Spigt, PT, PhD, Department of General Practice, Care and Public Health Institute, Maastricht University.
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Spigt
authors.affiliation: J.B. Staal, PT, PhD, Research Group of Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation, HAN University of Applied Sciences, and Radboud University Medical Center, IQ Healthcare, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences.
authors.forename: J Bart
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Staal
authors.affiliation: C.B. Terwee, PhD, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Caroline B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Terwee
mesh_terms: D004185:Disability Evaluation; D006801:Humans; D017116:Low Back Pain / Q000503:physiopathology*; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000379:methods; D011594:Psychometrics; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires