title: Atypical antipsychotics and effects on feeding: from mice to men.
abstract: So-called atypical antipsychotics (AAPs) are associated with varying levels of weight gain and associated metabolic disturbances, which in patients with serious mental illness (SMI) have been linked to non-compliance and poor functional outcomes. Mechanisms underlying AAP-induced metabolic abnormalities are only partially understood. Antipsychotic-induced weight gain may occur as a result of increases in food intake and/or changes in feeding.
  
  
  
  In this review, we examine the available human and preclinical literature addressing AAP-related changes in feeding behavior, to determine whether changes in appetite and perturbations in regulation of food intake could be contributing factors to antipsychotic-induced weight gain.
  
  
  
  In general, human studies point to disruption by AAPs of feeding behaviors and food consumption. In rodents, increases in cumulative food intake are mainly observed in females; however, changes in feeding microstructure or motivational aspects of food intake appear to occur independent of sex.
  
  
  
  The findings from this review indicate that the varying levels of AAP-related weight gain reflect changes in both appetite and feeding behaviors, which differ by type of AAP. However, inconsistencies exist among the studies (both human and rodent) that may reflect considerable differences in study design and methodology. Future studies examining underlying mechanisms of antipsychotic-induced weight gain are recommended in order to develop strategies addressing the serious metabolic side effect of AAPs.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5T 1R8, Canada.
authors.forename: Louise
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Benarroch
authors.affiliation: Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5T 1R8, Canada.|Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada.
authors.forename: Chantel
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kowalchuk
authors.affiliation: Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5T 1R8, Canada.
authors.forename: Virginia
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.affiliation: Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5T 1R8, Canada.
authors.forename: Celine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Teo
authors.affiliation: Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5T 1R8, Canada.
authors.forename: Melanie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Guenette
authors.affiliation: Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5T 1R8, Canada.|Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, 250 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5T 1R8, Canada.
authors.forename: Araba
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chintoh
authors.affiliation: Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5T 1R8, Canada.
authors.forename: Yasika
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nesarajah
authors.affiliation: Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5T 1R8, Canada.|Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, 250 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5T 1R8, Canada.|Women's College Research Institute, 7th Floor, 790 Bay St, Toronto, ON, M5G 1N8, Canada.
authors.forename: Valerie
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.affiliation: Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5T 1R8, Canada.|Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, 500 University Ave, Toronto, ON, M5G 1V7, Canada.|Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, 155 College St, Toronto, ON, M5T 3M7, Canada.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Selby
authors.affiliation: Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5T 1R8, Canada.|Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, 100 St. George Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G3, Canada.
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Fletcher
authors.affiliation: Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5T 1R8, Canada. gary.remington@utoronto.ca.|Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada. gary.remington@utoronto.ca.|Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, 250 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5T 1R8, Canada. gary.remington@utoronto.ca.
authors.forename: Gary J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Remington
authors.affiliation: Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5T 1R8, Canada. maggie.hahn@utoronto.ca.|Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada. maggie.hahn@utoronto.ca.|Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, 250 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5T 1R8, Canada. maggie.hahn@utoronto.ca.
authors.forename: Margaret K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Hahn
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001066:Appetite / Q000187:drug effects; D004435:Eating / Q000187:drug effects; D005247:Feeding Behavior / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D012737:Sex Factors; D015430:Weight Gain / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents
keywords: Appetite; Atypical antipsychotics; Feeding behavior; Satiety