title: Partial Least Square Discriminant Analysis Discovered a Dietary Pattern Inversely Associated with Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Risk.
abstract: Evidence on the association between dietary component, dietary pattern and nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is scarce. A major challenge is the high degree of correlation among dietary constituents. We aimed to identify dietary pattern associated with NPC and to illustrate the dose-response relationship between the identified dietary pattern scores and the risk of NPC. Taking advantage of a matched NPC case-control study, data from a total of 319 incident cases and 319 matched controls were analyzed. Dietary pattern was derived employing partial least square discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) performed on energy-adjusted food frequencies derived from a 66-item food-frequency questionnaire. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated with multiple conditional logistic regression models, linking pattern scores and NPC risk. A high score of the PLS-DA derived pattern was characterized by high intakes of fruits, milk, fresh fish, vegetables, tea, and eggs ordered by loading values. We observed that one unit increase in the scores was associated with a significantly lower risk of NPC (ORadj = 0.73, 95% CI = 0.60-0.88) after controlling for potential confounders. Similar results were observed among Epstein-Barr virus seropositive subjects. An NPC protective diet is indicated with more phytonutrient-rich plant foods (fruits, vegetables), milk, other protein-rich foods (in particular fresh fish and eggs), and tea. This information may be used to design potential dietary regimen for NPC prevention.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yen-Li
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Lo
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Wen-Harn
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.affiliation: Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Wan-Lun
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.affiliation: Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yin-Chu
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Chien
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Chunan, Taiwan.|Graduate Institute of Microbiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Jen-Yang
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Mow-Ming
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Pei-Jen
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Lou
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: I-How
authors.initials: IH
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America.
authors.forename: Allan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hildesheim
authors.affiliation: Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.|Graduate Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chien-Jen
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000473:pathology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004032:Diet; D016002:Discriminant Analysis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016018:Least-Squares Analysis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D000077274:Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma; D009303:Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D012307:Risk Factors