title: [Placental atherosclerosis and markers of endothelial dysfunction in infants born to mothers with gestational diabetes].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The pathophysiology of gestational diabetes itself causes hyperstimulation of adipose tissue and of the placenta cells increasing the production of inflammatory cytokines, which cause changes in the tissues exposed such as the placenta and foetus. Therefore, the objective of this study was to compare metabolic markers and endothelial dysfunction in umbilical cord blood, as well as to determine the presence of atherosclerosis in the placentas of newborn infants of patients with gestational diabetes and in patients with normally progressing pregnancies.
  
  
  METHODS
  An analytical cross-sectional study was carried out in 84 patients, obtaining data such as age, smoking and weight gain in pregnancy; the gestational age of the newborns was determined by Capurro, and their weight and destination subsequent to birth, the placentas were also collected in order to look for atherosclerosis through histological studies and glucose, insulin, VLDL-C, HDL-C, triglycerides, cholesterol, fibrinogen, PCR and markers of endothelial dysfunction (adiponectin, VCAM-1, ICAM-1 and IL-6) were determined in blood samples obtained from the umbilical cord.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Placental atherosclerosis presented in 28.94% of the group with gestational diabetes compared to 10.52% of the group with normally progressing pregnancies (P=.044); differences were found in glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, fibrinogen, HOMA-IR, PCR-us, HDL-C, not in VLDL-C. Twenty-one point five percent of the newborns of the gestational diabetes patients required hospitalization, against 5.2% in the control group,
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pregnancies that involve diabetes have higher proportion of atherosclerosis, hospitalization of the newborn, insulin resistance, as well as elevation of markers associated with inflammation and endothelial dysfunction in umbilical cord blood.
authors.affiliation: Coordinación Auxiliar de Investigación, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Delegación de Sonora, Obregón, Sonora, México. Electronic address: monica.lopezm26@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Cruz Mónica
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: López Morales
authors.affiliation: Dirección de Educación e Investigación, Unidad Médica de Alta Especialidad, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Obregón, Sonora, México.
authors.forename: Olga Rosa
authors.initials: OR
authors.lastname: Brito Zurita
authors.affiliation: Centro de Investigación Educativa y Formación Docente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Obregón, Sonora, México.
authors.forename: Ricardo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: González Heredia
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Investigación Médica en Bioquímica, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Obregón, Sonora, México.
authors.forename: Miguel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cruz López
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Investigación Médica en Bioquímica, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Obregón, Sonora, México.
authors.forename: Araceli
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Méndez Padrón
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Patología, Hospital General Regional 1, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Obregón, Sonora, México.
authors.forename: Juan Antonio
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Matute Briseño
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D016640:Diabetes, Gestational / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D005312:Fetal Blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D008297:Male; D010920:Placenta / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D011247:Pregnancy
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers
keywords: Aterosclerosis; Atherosclerosis; Diabetes gestacional; Gestational diabetes; Placenta