title: Blood Triglycerides Levels and Dietary Carbohydrate Indices in Healthy Koreans.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Previous studies have obtained conflicting findings regarding possible associations between indices measuring carbohydrate intake and dyslipidemia, which is an established risk factor of coronary heart disease. In the present study, we examined cross-sectional associations between carbohydrate indices, including the dietary glycemic index (GI), glycemic load (GL), total amount of carbohydrates, and the percentage of energy from carbohydrates, and a range of blood lipid parameters.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study included 1530 participants (554 men and 976 women) from 246 families within the Healthy Twin Study. We analyzed the associations using a generalized linear mixed model to control for familial relationships.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Levels of the Apo B were inversely associated with dietary GI, GL, and the amount of carbohydrate intake for men, but these relationships were not significant when fat-adjusted values of the carbohydrate indices were used. Triglyceride levels were positively associated with dietary GI and GL in women, and this pattern was more notable in overweight participants (body mass index [BMI] ≥25 kg/m(2)). However, total, low-density lipoprotein and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were not significantly related with carbohydrate intake overall.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Of the blood lipid parameters we investigated, only triglyceride levels were positively related with dietary carbohydrate indices among women participants in the Healthy Twin Study, with an interactive role observed for BMI. However, these associations were not observed in men, suggesting that the association between blood lipid levels and carbohydrate intake depends on the type of lipid, specific carbohydrate indices, gender, and BMI.
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Hye Sook
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-0029-5163
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Min
authors.affiliation: Departmet of Preventive Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Ji Yeon
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Joohon
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-9948-0160
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sung
authors.affiliation: Departmet of Preventive Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Mi Kyung
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-8503-2631
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001055:Apolipoproteins B / Q000378:metabolism; D044466:Asian People; D015992:Body Mass Index; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood; D003710:Demography; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009749:Nutrition Surveys; D056910:Republic of Korea; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D001055:Apolipoproteins B; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D014280:Triglycerides
keywords: Carbohydrate; Dyslipidemias; Glycemic index; Glycemic load; Triglycerides