title: Prognostic value of mid-regional pro-adrenomedullin (MR-proADM) in patients with community-acquired pneumonia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
abstract: The early identification of patients at risk of dying from community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is critical for their treatment and for defining hospital resource consumption. Mid-regional pro-adrenomedullin (MR-proADM) has been extensively investigated for its prognostic value in CAP. However, the results are conflicting. The purpose of the present meta-analysis was to explore the diagnostic accuracy of MR-proADM for predicting mortality in patients suffering from CAP, particularly emergency department (ED) patients.
  
  
  
  We systematically searched the PubMed, Embase, Web of Knowledge and Cochrane databases. Studies were included if a 2 × 2 contingency table could be constructed based on both the MR-proADM level and the complications or mortality of patients diagnosed with CAP. The prognostic accuracy of MR-proADM in CAP was assessed using the bivariate meta-analysis model. We used the Q-test and I (2) index to evaluate heterogeneity.
  
  
  
  MR-proADM displayed moderate diagnostic accuracy for predicting complications in CAP, with an overall area under the SROC curve (AUC) of 0.74 (95 % CI: 0.70-0.78). Eight studies with a total of 4119 patients in the emergency department (ED) were included. An elevated MR-proADM level was associated with increased risk of death from CAP (RR 6.16, 95 % CI 4.71-8.06); the I (2) value was 0.0 %, and a fixed-effects model was used to pool RR. The pooled sensitivity and specificity were 0.74 (95 % CI: 0.67-0.79) and 0.73 (95 % CI: 0.70-0.77), respectively. The positive likelihood ratio (PLR) and negative likelihood ratio (NLR) were 2.8 (95 % CI, 2.3-3.3) and 0.36 (95 % CI, 0.29-0.45), respectively. In addition, the diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) was 8 (95 % CI, 5-11), and the overall area under the SROC curve was 0.76 (95 % CI, 0.72-0.80).
  
  
  
  Our study has demonstrated that MR-proADM is predictive of increased complications and higher mortality rates in patients suffering from CAP. Future studies are warranted to determine the prognostic accuracy of MR-proADM in conjunction with severity scores or other biomarkers and to determine an optimal cut-off level.
authors.affiliation: Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300070, China.
authors.forename: Dan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, China.
authors.forename: Lixin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.affiliation: Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300070, China.
authors.forename: Haiyan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Medical School, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, China.|Department of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, China.
authors.forename: Xueyao
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300070, China. 983206309@qq.com.
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cao
mesh_terms: D053607:Adrenomedullin / Q000097:blood*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood*; D017714:Community-Acquired Infections / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000401:mortality; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital / Q000458:organization & administration; D006801:Humans; D011014:Pneumonia / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000401:mortality; D011379:Prognosis; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D053607:Adrenomedullin
keywords: CAP; MR-ProADM; Meta-analysis; Prognosis