title: Monitoring cerebral ischemia during cerebrovascular surgery.
abstract: Patients undergoing intracranial cerebrovascular surgery under general anesthesia are at risk of cerebral ischemia due to the nature of the surgery and/or the underlying cerebrovascular occlusive disease. It is thus imperative to reliably and continuously monitor cerebral perfusion during this type of surgery to timely reverse ischemic processes. The aim of this review is to discuss the techniques currently available for monitoring cerebral ischemia during cerebrovascular surgery with a focus on the advantages and disadvantages of each technique.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100083, China.
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
authors.forename: Ling-Zhong
authors.initials: LZ
authors.lastname: Meng
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuromonitoring, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
authors.forename: Russ
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lyon
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100083, China.
authors.forename: Dong-Xin
authors.initials: DX
authors.lastname: Wang
keywords: cerebral ischemia; cerebrovascular surgery; intraoperative monitoring