title: Quality of life in youth with bipolar disorder and unaffected offspring of parents with bipolar disorder.
abstract: There have been few studies investigating quality of life (QoL) in pediatric bipolar disorder (BD) patients and none comparing it with that observed in unaffected offspring of parents with BD and healthy controls.
  
  
  
  The self-report Youth Quality of Life Instrument-Research version (YQoL-R) was administered in 26 pediatric BD patients, 17 unaffected offspring of parents with BD, and 24 individuals with no history of DSM-IV Axis I psychiatric disorders. All diagnoses were determined through interviews based on the Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children-Present and Lifetime Version.
  
  
  
  There were statistical differences among the groups for all YQoL-R domains. Pairwise comparisons showed that perceived QoL was significantly worse in the BD group than in the unaffected offspring and healthy subjects, a difference that persisted even when only euthymic subjects were analyzed. There were no significant differences between the unaffected offspring and healthy subjects for any YQoL-R domain.
  
  
  
  Our sample was small. There was no QoL report from subjects parents nor data about family environment or BD parents' mood state.
  
  
  
  There is a need for studies to investigate in greater detail the relationship between QoL and psychological resilience, particularly in the unaffected offspring of parents with BD.
authors.affiliation: Bipolar Research Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil. Electronic address: bernardocarramao@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Bernardo C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Gomes
authors.affiliation: Bipolar Research Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kleinman
authors.affiliation: Bipolar Research Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Andrea Ferrari
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Carvalho
authors.affiliation: Bipolar Research Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Tatiana Couto F
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Pereira
authors.affiliation: Bipolar Research Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ana Paola
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Gurgel
authors.affiliation: Bipolar Research Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Beny
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lafer
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Psychiatric Neuroimaging, Department of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil; Center for the Support of Research in Applied Neuroscience, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Geraldo F
authors.initials: GF
authors.lastname: Busatto
authors.affiliation: Bipolar Research Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil; Laboratory of Psychiatric Neuroimaging, Department of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil; Center for the Support of Research in Applied Neuroscience, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Sheila C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Caetano
authors.affiliation: Bipolar Research Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil; Laboratory of Psychiatric Neuroimaging, Department of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil; Center for the Support of Research in Applied Neuroscience, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Cristiana Castanho
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: de Almeida Rocca
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000523:psychology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D002669:Child Welfare / Q000523:psychology*; D016241:Child of Impaired Parents / Q000523:psychology*; D003527:Cyclothymic Disorder / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010290:Parents / Q000523:psychology; D011788:Quality of Life / Q000523:psychology*; D012559:Schizophrenia; D057566:Self Report
keywords: Adolescent; Bipolar disorder; Child; Developmental; Offspring; Psychology; Quality of life