title: A Newly Isolated Bacteriophage, PBES 02, Infecting Cronobacter sakazakii.
abstract: A novel bacteriophage, PBES 02, infecting Cronobacter sakazakii was isolated and characterized. It has a spherical head of 90 nm in diameter and a tail of 130 nm in length, and belongs to Myoviridae as observed under a transmission electron microscope. The major virion protein appears to be 38 kilodaltons (kDa) in size. The latent period of PBES 02 is 30 min and the burst size is 250. Infectivity of the phage remained intact after exposure to temperatures ranging from 4°C to 55°C for 1 h. It was also stable after exposure to pHs ranging from 6 to 10 for 1 h. The phage effectively removed contaminating Cronobacter sakazakii from broth infant formula. PBES 02 has a double-stranded DNA genome of 149,732 bases. Its GC ratio is 50.7%. Sequence analysis revealed that PBES 02 has 299 open reading frames (ORFs) and 14 tRNA genes. Thirty-nine ORFs were annotated, including 24 related to replication and regulation functions, 10 related to structural proteins, and 5 related to DNA packaging. The genome of PBES 02 is closely related to that of two other C. sakazakii phages, CR3 and CR8. Comparison of DNA sequences of genes encoding the major capsid protein revealed a wide geographical distribution of related phages over Asia, Europe, and America.
authors.affiliation: Hana High School, Seoul 03305, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hyung Ju
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Hana High School, Seoul 03305, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Wan Il
authors.initials: WI
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Hana High School, Seoul 03305, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Young Chan
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.affiliation: The Bacteriophage Bank of Korea, Yongin 17035, Republic of Korea.|Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Yongin 17035, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Kyung Eun
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Cha
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Yongin 17035, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Minjin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: The Bacteriophage Bank of Korea, Yongin 17035, Republic of Korea.|Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Yongin 17035, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Heejoon
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Myung
mesh_terms: D001435:Bacteriophages / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics*; D044083:Cronobacter sakazakii / Q000821:virology*; D016679:Genome, Viral / Q000235:genetics*; D023281:Genomics
keywords: Bacteriophage PBES 02; Cronobacter sakazakii; genomic analysis; phage therapy