title: A Phytophthora sojae effector PsCRN63 forms homo-/hetero-dimers to suppress plant immunity via an inverted association manner.
abstract: Oomycete pathogens produce a large number of effectors to promote infection. Their mode of action are largely unknown. Here we show that a Phytophthora sojae effector, PsCRN63, suppresses flg22-induced expression of FRK1 gene, a molecular marker in pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMP)-triggered immunity (PTI). However, PsCRN63 does not suppress upstream signaling events including flg22-induced MAPK activation and BIK1 phosphorylation, indicating that it acts downstream of MAPK cascades. The PsCRN63-transgenic Arabidopsis plants showed increased susceptibility to bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pathovar tomato (Pst) DC3000 and oomycete pathogen Phytophthora capsici. The callose deposition were suppressed in PsCRN63-transgenic plants compared with the wild-type control plants. Genes involved in PTI were also down-regulated in PsCRN63-transgenic plants. Interestingly, we found that PsCRN63 forms an dimer that is mediated by inter-molecular interactions between N-terminal and C-terminal domains in an inverted association manner. Furthermore, the N-terminal and C-terminal domains required for the dimerization are widely conserved among CRN effectors, suggesting that homo-/hetero-dimerization of Phytophthora CRN effectors is required to exert biological functions. Indeed, the dimerization was required for PTI suppression and cell death-induction activities of PsCRN63.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.|Center for Genome Biology and State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
authors.forename: Qi
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
authors.forename: Meixiang
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
authors.forename: Danyu
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
authors.forename: Tingli
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
authors.forename: Yanyu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Center for Genome Biology and State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
authors.forename: Jian-Min
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
authors.forename: Daolong
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Dou
mesh_terms: D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D016923:Cell Death; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions; D010766:Phosphorylation; D010838:Phytophthora / Q000235:genetics* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D059828:Plant Cells / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology; D057865:Plant Immunity / Q000235:genetics*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology; D030821:Plants, Genetically Modified; D011494:Protein Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D055503:Protein Multimerization; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D011523:Protoplasts / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology; D044224:Pseudomonas syringae / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; C587207:FRK1 protein, Arabidopsis; D011494:Protein Kinases; C509522:BIK1 protein, Arabidopsis; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases