title: Molecular detection of a novel totivirus from golden shiner (Notemigonus crysoleucas) baitfish in the USA.
abstract: During regulatory and routine surveillance sampling of apparently healthy baitfish from the state of Minnesota, a novel totivirus (tentatively named "golden shiner totivirus", GSTV) was detected in a homogenate of kidney and spleen of golden shiner (Notemigonus crysoleucas). The nearly complete genome is 7788 nt long with a complete 5' untranslated region (UTR) of 135 nt (1-135 nt position), complete open reading frames (ORFs) and a partial 3' UTR of 54 nt (7734-7788). The sequence is comprised of two ORFs (ORF1 and ORF2). The larger ORF1 encodes a 1659-aa polypeptide in frame +1 from nt position 136 to 5115 (4980 nt) with a start codon at position 136-138 and a stop codon at position 5113-5115. The ORF1 is 54 aa longer than the 1605-aa ORF1-encoded protein of a reference strain of infectious myonecrosis virus (IMNV), ID-EJ-12-1(AIC34743.1). The predicted ORF1 and ORF2 fusion protein sequence was NFQDGG. Hence, an overlapping region of 99 nt was observed, which is shorter than the 172-nt and 199-nt overlapping regions in Armigeres subalbatus totivirus (AsTV) and IMNV, respectively. GSTV formed a separate lineage based on phylogenetic analysis of ORF1-encoded major capsid protein (MCP) and ORF2-encoded RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) sequences. Based on ORF1 MCP sequence analysis, GSTV was most closely related to IMNV, with maximum aa sequence identity of 26.42-27.86 %, followed by 26.59, 22.94 and 21.75 % for Drosophila totivirus (DTV), AsTV and Omono River virus (OMRV), respectively. Similar to ORF1, the ORF2 (RdRp) of GSTV formed a separate clade with maximum identity of 38.10 % and 38.50 % to IMNV and DTV, respectively. The virus identified here differs enough from its closest relative that it may represent a new genus in the family Totiviridae. The disease-causing potential and management impact of this novel virus is unknown at this time.
authors.affiliation: Minnesota Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, 1333 Gortner Avenue, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA. kumars@umn.edu.|Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, 1365 Gortner Avenue, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA. kumars@umn.edu.
authors.forename: Sunil Kumar
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Mor
authors.affiliation: Minnesota Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, 1333 Gortner Avenue, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA.|Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, 1365 Gortner Avenue, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA.
authors.forename: Nicholas Benjamin Daniel
authors.initials: NB
authors.lastname: Phelps
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D003530:Cyprinidae / Q000821:virology*; D005393:Fish Diseases / Q000821:virology*; D016679:Genome, Viral; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016366:Open Reading Frames; D010802:Phylogeny; D012327:RNA Virus Infections / Q000662:veterinary* / Q000821:virology; D019197:Totivirus / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D014764:Viral Proteins