title: Genetic Variability of the Invasive Species Metcalfa pruinosa (Hemiptera: Flatidae) in the Republic of Korea.
abstract: Metcalfa pruinosa (Say, 1830) (Hemiptera: Flatidae) has caused substantial agricultural damage since its recent introduction to the Republic of Korea; however, the source of this introduction is still unclear. To examine the genetic divergence and phylogenetic relationships among several populations of M. pruinosa from Korea and foreign countries, 251 COI sequences from 251 samples collected from Korea, France, Italy, Spain, Slovenia, and the United States were newly analyzed, together with seven published COI sequences from Canada. In total, 19 haplotypes were detected from the 258 COI sequences, and three haplotypes, H1, H3, and H9, were detected from samples in Korea. The MJ network and Bayesian inference revealed that the three haplotypes of Korea were closely connected with samples of Italy, Spain, Slovenia, France, and the United States. Our study revealed the possibility of multiple invasions of M. pruinosa from Europe and/or North America into Korea.
authors.affiliation: Crop Protection Division, Department of Agricultural Biology, National Academy of Agricultural Science, RDA 55365, Republic of Korea (changgpark@korea.kr; Kiese3@gmail.com; gslee12@korea.kr).
authors.forename: Chang-Gyu
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Crop Protection Division, Department of Agricultural Biology, National Academy of Agricultural Science, RDA 55365, Republic of Korea (changgpark@korea.kr; Kiese3@gmail.com; gslee12@korea.kr).
authors.forename: Sujeong
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Min
authors.affiliation: Crop Protection Division, Department of Agricultural Biology, National Academy of Agricultural Science, RDA 55365, Republic of Korea (changgpark@korea.kr; Kiese3@gmail.com; gslee12@korea.kr).
authors.forename: Gwan-Seok
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of insect Biosystematics, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University 08826, Republic of Korea (s.kim.microlepi@gmail.com; yleeii@snu.ac.kr; seung@snu.ac.kr).
authors.forename: Sora
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of insect Biosystematics, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University 08826, Republic of Korea (s.kim.microlepi@gmail.com; yleeii@snu.ac.kr; seung@snu.ac.kr).
authors.forename: Yerim
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of insect Biosystematics, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University 08826, Republic of Korea (s.kim.microlepi@gmail.com; yleeii@snu.ac.kr; seung@snu.ac.kr).
authors.forename: Seunghwan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Deparment of Plant Medicine, College of Life Science and Natural Resources, Sunchon National University 57922, Republic of Korea (curcul@sunchon.ac.kr).
authors.forename: Ki-Jeong
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology and Agriculture, University of Central Missouri, Warrensburg, MO 64093 (swwilson@ucmo.edu).
authors.forename: Stephen W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Systematic Entomology, Department of Ecology and Systematics, Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8589, Japan (akimoto@res.agr.hokudai.ac.jp).
authors.forename: Shin-Ichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Akimoto
authors.affiliation: Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177, Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do 39660, Republic of Korea (wonhoon80@korea.kr) wonhoon80@korea.kr.
authors.forename: Wonhoon
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003576:Electron Transport Complex IV / Q000235:genetics; D014644:Genetic Variation; D006239:Haplotypes; D006430:Hemiptera / Q000235:genetics*; D019476:Insect Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D058865:Introduced Species; D010802:Phylogeny; D056910:Republic of Korea; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA
chemical_list: D019476:Insect Proteins; D003576:Electron Transport Complex IV
keywords: COI gene; Metcalfa pruinosa; genetic divergence; geographic populations