title: Poorly Controlled Congenital Hypothyroidism due to an Underlying Allgrove Syndrome.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Congenital hypothyroidism of thyroidal origin (CHT) is a common disorder in pediatric endocrinology practices, which can be difficult to manage. Elevated thyrotropin (TSH) concentrations are in the great majority of cases explained by poor compliance to levothyroxine therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Case description.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We present a boy with CHT, with 2 heterozygous mutations in the TSH receptor gene, who showed persistently elevated TSH concentrations and psychomotor retardation, initially misinterpreted as malcompliance. At the age of 4 years, he was diagnosed with adrenal insufficiency, wherefore a broad diagnostic search was initiated. After the start of glucocorticoid replacement therapy, his TSH normalized and the levothyroxine could be lowered. At the age of 6 years, his TSH increased again, this time caused by malabsorption of levothyroxine due to esophageal achalasia. In retrospect, alacrima was also present and the diagnosis of Allgrove syndrome was genetically confirmed. The CHT was considered a separate disease entity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In case of persistently elevated TSH levels in children with CHT, causes other than noncompliance must be considered. Second, in establishing the cause of adrenal insufficiency, specific symptoms, such as alacrima, are easily overlooked. Third, Allgrove syndrome is a rare disorder, in which diagnostic delay can lead to potentially life-threatening complications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Emma Children's Hospital, Academic Medical Center, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: van Tellingen
authors.forename: M J J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Finken
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Israëls
authors.forename: Y M C
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Hendriks
authors.forename: G A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Kamp
authors.forename: H M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: van Santen
mesh_terms: D000309:Adrenal Insufficiency / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000235:genetics / Q000628:therapy; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003409:Congenital Hypothyroidism / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000235:genetics / Q000628:therapy; D004931:Esophageal Achalasia / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000235:genetics / Q000628:therapy; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D020249:Hormone Replacement Therapy; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009154:Mutation; D011989:Receptors, Thyrotropin / Q000235:genetics*; D013972:Thyrotropin / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D005938:Glucocorticoids; D011989:Receptors, Thyrotropin; D013972:Thyrotropin