title: Impact of a High-Fat or High-Fiber Diet on Intestinal Microbiota and Metabolic Markers in a Pig Model.
abstract: To further elaborate interactions between nutrition, gut microbiota and host health, an animal model to simulate changes in microbial composition and activity due to dietary changes similar to those in humans is needed. Therefore, the impact of two different diets on cecal and colonic microbial gene copies and metabolic activity, organ development and biochemical parameters in blood serum was investigated using a pig model. Four pigs were either fed a low-fat/high-fiber (LF), or a high-fat/low-fiber (HF) diet for seven weeks, with both diets being isocaloric. A hypotrophic effect of the HF diet on digestive organs could be observed compared to the LF diet (p < 0.05). Higher gene copy numbers of Bacteroides (p < 0.05) and Enterobacteriaceae (p < 0.001) were present in intestinal contents of HF pigs, bifidobacteria were more abundant in LF pigs (p < 0.05). Concentrations of acetate and butyrate were higher in LF pigs (p < 0.05). Glucose was higher in HF pigs, while glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT) showed higher concentrations upon feeding the LF diet (p < 0.001). However, C-reactive protein (CRP) decreased with time in LF pigs (p < 0.05). In part, these findings correspond to those in humans, and are in support of the concept of using the pig as human model.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart 70599, Germany. sonja.heinritz@uni-hohenheim.de.
authors.forename: Sonja N
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Heinritz
authors.affiliation: Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart 70599, Germany. eva.weiss@uni-hohenheim.de.
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Weiss
authors.affiliation: Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart 70599, Germany. meike.eklund@uni-hohenheim.de.
authors.forename: Meike
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Eklund
authors.affiliation: Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart 70599, Germany. tobias.aumiller@delacon.com.
authors.forename: Tobias
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Aumiller
authors.affiliation: Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart 70599, Germany. charlotte.heyer@uni-hohenheim.de.
authors.forename: Charlotte M E
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Heyer
authors.affiliation: Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart 70599, Germany. sabinem@uni-hohenheim.de.
authors.forename: Sabine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Messner
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutritional Medicine, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart 70599, Germany. andreas.rings@uni-hohenheim.de.
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rings
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutritional Medicine, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart 70599, Germany. sandrine.louis@uni-hohenheim.de.
authors.forename: Sandrine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Louis
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutritional Medicine, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart 70599, Germany. bischoff.stephan@uni-hohenheim.de.
authors.forename: Stephan C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Bischoff
authors.affiliation: Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart 70599, Germany. rainer.mosenthin@uni-hohenheim.de.
authors.forename: Rainer
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mosenthin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001439:Bacteroides / Q000145:classification / Q000254:growth & development / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism; D001644:Bifidobacterium / Q000145:classification / Q000254:growth & development / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002432:Cecum / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D003106:Colon / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D003433:Crosses, Genetic; D018752:Diet, Fat-Restricted; D059305:Diet, High-Fat / Q000009:adverse effects; D004043:Dietary Fiber / Q000172:deficiency / Q000378:metabolism / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D064806:Dysbiosis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D004755:Enterobacteriaceae / Q000145:classification / Q000254:growth & development / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism; D005285:Fermentation; D005766:Gastrointestinal Contents / Q000382:microbiology; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D058889:Molecular Typing; D009919:Orchiectomy / Q000662:veterinary; D009929:Organ Size; D011897:Random Allocation; D034421:Sus scrofa
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D004043:Dietary Fiber
keywords: diet; health; microbiota; pig model