title: Oxidative stress in erythrocytes of banked ABO blood.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To understand the responses of A, B, and O blood groups to oxidative stress (OS) induced through storage.
  
  
  METHODS
  A, B, and O blood units were obtained from the blood bank at KIMS Hospital, Bangalore, and stored for 35 days at 4°C in citrate phosphate dextrose adenine-1 solution. Every fifth day, hemoglobin (Hb) was assessed in whole blood and erythrocytes were isolated from each group. OS markers such as (i) antioxidant enzymes [superoxide dismutase and catalase] and superoxides were assessed in hemolysate; (ii) lipid peroxidation product - malondialdehyde (MDA) and protein oxidation products [protein carbonyls, advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), and protein sulfhydryls] were assessed in membrane ghosts.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Antioxidant enzymes and Hb were similar in all groups. Superoxides increased in blood group O. MDA and AOPP differed between the groups, where levels in blood group O were lower than blood groups A and B. Sulfhydryls were maintained throughout storage.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The antioxidant defense in A, B, and O groups were similar as evident from our results of Hb, antioxidant enzymes and sulfhydryls. However, the response of blood group O diverged from that of A and B, substantiated by the results of MDA, AOPP, and superoxides. Thus blood group O endured oxidative insult more efficiently than A and B. This study forms the basis for future studies on erythrocyte membrane and exploring blood group O as a potential candidate for prolonging storage.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Biotechnology, Center for Post Graduate Studies , Jain University , #18/3, 9th Main, 3rd Block, Jayanagar, Bangalore 560011 , India.
authors.forename: Hsieh
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Carl
authors.affiliation: a Department of Biotechnology, Center for Post Graduate Studies , Jain University , #18/3, 9th Main, 3rd Block, Jayanagar, Bangalore 560011 , India.
authors.forename: Ravikumar
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Soumya
authors.affiliation: b Department of Emergency Medicine , Kempegowda Institute of Medical Sciences (KIMS) Hospital , Banashankari 2nd stage, Bangalore 560070 , India.
authors.forename: Prabhu
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Srinivas
authors.affiliation: a Department of Biotechnology, Center for Post Graduate Studies , Jain University , #18/3, 9th Main, 3rd Block, Jayanagar, Bangalore 560011 , India.
authors.forename: Rajashekharaiah
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Vani
mesh_terms: D000017:ABO Blood-Group System / Q000378:metabolism*; D000328:Adult; D001771:Blood Banks; D001793:Blood Preservation; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000017:ABO Blood-Group System
keywords: ABO blood; Antioxidant enzymes; Erythrocytes; Oxidative stress; Storage