title: Forced removals embodied as tuberculosis.
abstract: South Africa has one of the worst tuberculosis burdens in the world. Several ecological forces have contributed to this, including high HIV prevalence; failing TB control strategies; crowded, poorly ventilated indoor environments-including the complex web of political and economic interests which produce them; the development of racial capitalism; and mining and migration. In the following study, we measure CO2 levels in public transport to investigate the role extended commutes from peri-urban settlements to urban sites of work-a direct result of forced removals-potentially play in propagating the TB epidemic in Cape Town, South Africa.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anthropology, Stanford University, Stanford, USA; Division of Global Health Equity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, USA; Desmond Tutu HIV Centre, University of Cape Town, South Africa. Electronic address: etr@stanford.edu.
authors.forename: Eugene T
authors.initials: ET
authors.lastname: Richardson
authors.affiliation: Desmond Tutu HIV Centre, University of Cape Town, South Africa.
authors.forename: Carl D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Morrow
authors.affiliation: Desmond Tutu HIV Centre, University of Cape Town, South Africa.
authors.forename: Theodore
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ho
authors.affiliation: Desmond Tutu HIV Centre, University of Cape Town, South Africa.
authors.forename: Nicole
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Fürst
authors.affiliation: Desmond Tutu HIV Centre, University of Cape Town, South Africa.
authors.forename: Rebekkah
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Cohelia
authors.affiliation: Desmond Tutu HIV Centre, University of Cape Town, South Africa.
authors.forename: Khai Hoan
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Tram
authors.affiliation: Division of Global Health Equity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, USA; Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA.
authors.forename: Paul E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Farmer
authors.affiliation: Desmond Tutu HIV Centre, University of Cape Town, South Africa.
authors.forename: Robin
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wood
mesh_terms: D000397:Air Pollution / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis*; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D003441:Crowding; D060740:Disease Eradication / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D011204:Poverty Areas; D015995:Prevalence; D013019:South Africa / Q000453:epidemiology; D014186:Transportation / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D014376:Tuberculosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*
chemical_list: D002245:Carbon Dioxide
keywords: Biosocial; Critical theory; Embodiment; Forced removals; Rebreathed air; South Africa; Tuberculosis