title: Effect of melatonin supplementation on cryopreserved sperm quality in mouse.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Antioxidants protect spermatozoa against cell damage during cryopreservation.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate whether melatonin supplement in the extender may improve the quality of cryopreserved mouse sperm.
  
  
  METHODS
  Kunming mice sperm frozen in extender R18S3 (18% (w/v) rafﬁnose and 3% (w/v) skim milk) supplemented with melatonin were thawed and evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mouse spermatozoa were cryopreserved in the freezing extender R18S3 that contained melatonin at 0, 0.125, 0.25 and 0.5 mg/mL melatonin. The extender without melatonin supplement was associated with increased formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and decreased sperm motility. Melatonin supplement at 0.125 mg/mL significantly increased the progressive motility of sperm in comparison to other melatonin concentration or control. The percentage of thawed viable sperm with ROS was lower in the melatonin-treated groups than in untreated group. Melatonin supplement also increased antiapoptotic gene Bcl-xl expression in the thawed sperm.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Supplement of 0.125 mg/mL melatonin could reduce oxidative damage and apoptosis.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.
authors.forename: X J
authors.initials: XJ
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: G X
authors.initials: GX
authors.lastname: Jia
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, USA. q.meng@aggiemail.usu.edu.
authors.forename: Q G
authors.initials: QG
authors.lastname: Meng
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, USA.
authors.forename: T D
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Bunch
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: G S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China. zguangbin@sicau.edu.cn.
authors.forename: G B
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Xhou
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D015925:Cryopreservation / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D003451:Cryoprotective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D008297:Male; D008550:Melatonin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051379:Mice; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D055101:Semen Analysis; D012662:Semen Preservation / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D013081:Sperm Motility / Q000187:drug effects; D013094:Spermatozoa; D051020:bcl-X Protein / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C494812:Bcl2l1 protein, mouse; D003451:Cryoprotective Agents; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D051020:bcl-X Protein; D008550:Melatonin