title: Expression analysis of Sox9 genes during annual reproductive cycles in gonads and after nanodelivery of LHRH in Clarias batrachus.
abstract: Transcription factor Sox9 plays a crucial role in determining the fate of several cell types and is a primary factor in regulation of gonadal development. Present study reports full-length cDNA sequence of Sox9a gene and partial coding sequence (cds) of Sox9b (two duplicate orthologs of Sox9 gene) from Clarias batrachus. The coding region of Sox9a gene encoded a peptide of 460 amino acids. The partial cds of Sox9b with the length of 558bp was amplified that codes for 186 amino acids. Quantitative Real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis revealed that Sox9a and Sox9b mRNA expression was significantly higher in gonads and brain tissues. Furthermore Sox9a and Sox9b mRNA expression levels were high during preparatory and pre-spawning phases and decreased gradually with onset of spawning and post-spawning phases of reproductive cycles in gonads. Chitosan nanoconjugated sLHRH (CsLHRH) of particle size 133.0nm and zeta potential of 34.3mV were synthesized and evaluated against naked sLHRH (salmon luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone). The entrapment efficiency of CsLHRH was 63%. CsLHRH nanoparticles increased the expression level of Sox9 transcripts in gonads and steroid hormonal levels in blood of male and female. Thus, our findings clearly indicate that Sox9 genes play essential role during seasonal variation of gonads. Besides, the current study reports that sustained release delivery-system will be helpful for proper gonadal development of fish. To the best of our knowledge, till date no study has been reported on nanodelivery of sLHRH and their effect on reproductive gene expression in fish.
authors.affiliation: Division of Fish Genetics and Biotechnology, Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai 400061, India.
authors.forename: Irfan Ahmad
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Bhat
authors.affiliation: Division of Fish Genetics and Biotechnology, Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai 400061, India.
authors.forename: Mohd Ashraf
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Rather
authors.affiliation: Division of Fish Genetics and Biotechnology, Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai 400061, India.
authors.forename: Ratnadeep
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Saha
authors.affiliation: Division of Fish Genetics and Biotechnology, Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai 400061, India.
authors.forename: Gireesh-Babu
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Pathakota
authors.affiliation: Division of Fish Genetics and Biotechnology, Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai 400061, India.
authors.forename: Annam
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pavan-Kumar
authors.affiliation: Division of Fish Genetics and Biotechnology, Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai 400061, India. Electronic address: rupams@cife.edu.in.
authors.forename: Rupam
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sharma
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D002397:Catfishes / Q000502:physiology*; D018076:DNA, Complementary / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D007987:Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D010053:Ovary / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012098:Reproduction; D055758:SOX9 Transcription Factor / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D013737:Testis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D018076:DNA, Complementary; D055758:SOX9 Transcription Factor; D007987:Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone
keywords: Chitosan; Gonads; Nanoparticles; mRNA