title: The Application of Graphene and Its Derivatives to Energy Conversion, Storage, and Environmental and Biosensing Devices.
abstract: Graphene (GR) and its derivatives are promising materials on the horizon of nanotechnology and material science and have attracted a tremendous amount of research interest in recent years. The unique atom-thick 2D structure with sp(2) hybridization and large specific surface area, high thermal conductivity, superior electron mobility, and chemical stability have made GR and its derivatives extremely attractive components for composite materials for solar energy conversion, energy storage, environmental purification, and biosensor applications. This review gives a brief introduction of GR's unique structure, band structure engineering, physical and chemical properties, and recent energy-related progress of GR-based materials in the fields of energy conversion (e.g., photocatalysis, photoelectrochemical water splitting, CO2 reduction, dye-sensitized and organic solar cells, and photosensitizers in photovoltaic devices) and energy storage (batteries, fuel cells, and supercapacitors). The vast coverage of advancements in environmental applications of GR-based materials for photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants, gas sensing, and removal of heavy-metal ions is presented. Additionally, the use of graphene composites in the biosensing field is discussed. We conclude the review with remarks on the challenges, prospects, and further development of GR-based materials in the exciting fields of energy, environment, and bioscience.
authors.affiliation: Environment and Sustainability Institute (ESI) University of Exeter Penryn Campus, Penryn, Cornwall, TR10 9FE, UK.
authors.forename: Asif
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ali Tahir
authors.affiliation: Environment and Sustainability Institute (ESI) University of Exeter Penryn Campus, Penryn, Cornwall, TR10 9FE, UK. hu203@exeter.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Habib
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ullah
authors.affiliation: School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Queen's University Belfast David Keir Building, Belfast, BT9 5AG, UK. S.Pitchaimuthu@qub.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Pitchaimuthu
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sudhagar
authors.affiliation: Solar Energy Research Institute National University of Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Mohd
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Asri Mat Teridi
authors.affiliation: College of Engineering Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK. anitha.devadoss@swansea.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Anitha
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Devadoss
authors.affiliation: Environment and Sustainability Institute (ESI) University of Exeter Penryn Campus, Penryn, Cornwall, TR10 9FE, UK.
authors.forename: Senthilarasu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sundaram
mesh_terms: D015374:Biosensing Techniques; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000737:chemistry; D002384:Catalysis; D025802:Electric Capacitance; D055664:Electrochemical Techniques; D005740:Gases / Q000032:analysis; D006108:Graphite / Q000737:chemistry*; D019216:Metals, Heavy / Q000032:analysis; D049329:Nanostructures / Q000737:chemistry; D055668:Photochemical Processes; D012993:Solar Energy; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D005740:Gases; D019216:Metals, Heavy; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D014867:Water; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D006108:Graphite
keywords: energy conversion; energy storage; graphene; photocatalysis; sensors