title: Time Course of Heart Rate Variability Response to PM2.5 Exposure from Secondhand Smoke.
abstract: Exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS) has been associated with decreased heart rate variability (HRV). However, the time course of this association is unclear. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the association between 15-240 minute SHS-related fine particulate matter (PM2.5) moving averages and indices of HRV.
  
  
  
  With a panel study design, we used personal monitors to continuously measure PM2.5 and HRV of 35 participants who were exposed to SHS for approximately 6 hours.
  
  
  
  We observed negative, significant associations between 5-minute HRV indices and 15 minute PM2.5 moving averages and 240 minute PM2.5 moving averages: there was a significant (p<0.01) 7.5% decrease in the 5-minute square root of the mean squared differences of successive normal heart beats associated with (RMSSD), and a significant (p<0.01) 14.7% decrease in the 5-minute high frequency (HF) power associated with the 15 minute PM2.5 moving averages; there was also a significant (p<0.01) 46.9% decrease in the 5-minute RMSSD, and a significant (p<0.01) 77.7% decrease in the 5-minute high frequency (HF) power associated with the 240 minute PM2.5 moving averages.
  
  
  
  Our findings that exposure to SHS related PM2.5 was associated with HRV support the hypothesis that SHS can affect the cardiovascular system. The negative associations reported between short and longer term PM2.5 and HRV indicate adverse effects of SHS on the cardiovascular system.
authors.affiliation: Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut, United States of America.
authors.forename: Jennifer L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Garza
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America.|Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center Cardiovascular Epidemiology Research Unit, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America.
authors.forename: Murray A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Mittleman
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America.
authors.forename: Jinming
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America.|Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America.
authors.forename: David C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Christiani
authors.affiliation: Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut, United States of America.|Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America.
authors.forename: Jennifer M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Cavallari
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013997:Time Factors; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution