title: Crosstalk between microglia and T cells contributes to brain damage and recovery after ischemic stroke.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To summarize available knowledge regarding the crosstalk, thereby providing a more detailed explanation for the mechanism of brain damage and recovery after ischemic stroke.
  
  
  METHODS
  An extensive review of the literature on the crosstalk between microglia and T cells in ischemic stroke was performed. We review the relevant publications in PubMed database.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After cerebral ischemia, microglia are activated and peripheral T cells infiltrated into the brain. The crosstalk between microglia and T cells has both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory effects in the inflammation after stroke. The crosstalk between M1 and Th1/Th17 cells promotes immune response after stroke and contributes to brain damage, while the crosstalk between M2 and Th2/Treg cells plays an anti-inflammatory role and contributes to brain recovery. Meanwhile, the crosstalk can be regulated by many factors, in both contact dependent and non-contact dependent way.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Inflammation mediated by microglia crosstalking to T cells contributes to brain damage and recovery after ischemic stroke. Extensive evidence supports a critical role for the crosstalk of microglia and T cells in the prognosis of brain injury after ischemic stroke. The regulation of the crosstalk may provide a potential therapeutic target for improving the ischemic brain damage.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Neurology , Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School , Nanjing , P.R. China.|b State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology , Nanjing University , Nanjing , P.R. China.|c Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine , Nanjing , P.R. China.
authors.forename: Sunwei
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: a Department of Neurology , Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School , Nanjing , P.R. China.|b State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology , Nanjing University , Nanjing , P.R. China.|c Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine , Nanjing , P.R. China.
authors.forename: He
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: a Department of Neurology , Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School , Nanjing , P.R. China.|b State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology , Nanjing University , Nanjing , P.R. China.|c Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine , Nanjing , P.R. China.
authors.forename: Yun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000209:etiology*; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000150:complications; D006801:Humans; D017628:Microglia / Q000502:physiology*; D020127:Recovery of Function / Q000502:physiology*; D020521:Stroke / Q000150:complications* / Q000209:etiology; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000502:physiology*
keywords: Brain damage; Brain recovery; Crosstalk; Ischemic stroke; Microglia; Regulatory factors; T cells