title: Molecular pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma and impact of therapeutic advances.
abstract: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a leading cause of cancer mortality and has an increasing incidence worldwide. HCC can be induced by multiple etiologies, is influenced by many risk factors, and has a complex pathogenesis. Furthermore, HCCs exhibit substantial heterogeneity, which compounds the difficulties in developing effective therapies against this highly lethal cancer. With advances in cancer biology and molecular and genetic profiling, a number of different mechanisms involved in the development and progression of HCC have been identified. Despite the advances in this area, the molecular pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma is still not completely understood. This review aims to elaborate our current understanding of the most relevant genetic alterations and molecular pathways involved in the development and progression of HCC, and anticipate the potential impact of future advances on therapeutic drug development.
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Renumathy
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dhanasekaran
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana.
authors.forename: Salome
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bandoh
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA.
authors.forename: Lewis R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Roberts
keywords: HCC; hepatocellular carcinoma; liver cancer