title: Hypolipidemic and antioxidant effects of ethanol extract of Cassia fistula fruit in hyperlipidemic mice.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The plant Cassia fistula L. (Caesalpiniaceae) fruit was widely used by traditional practitioners to treat cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) in India. Hyperlipidemia is a lipid metabolism disorder and the major risk factor for the development of CVDs. Although most of the current hypolipidemic drugs are expensive and have potential side effects, the research focusing on natural alternative medicines is relevant.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the hypolipidemic and antioxidant effects of ethanol extract of C. fistula fruit (CFE) in high-fat diet (HFD) induced hyperlipidemia in mice.
  
  
  METHODS
  Oral administration of CFE at 100, 300 and 500 mg/kg body weight on HFD induced hyperlipidemia mice for 30 days. The standard drug atorvastatin (20 mg/kg) was used to compare the efficacy of CFE. Hypolipidemic effect was evidenced by the measurement of serum lipid profile and further confirmed by Oil Red O staining of adipose tissue. The hepatic and cardiac melondialdehyde (MDA) level and antioxidant enzyme activities including superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase were determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Treatment with CFE at different doses has significantly restored the levels of serum lipid, MDA and enzymes activities in the liver and heart of hyperlipidemia mice. Oil Red O staining of visceral adipose tissue has shown marked reduction of lipid accumulation in adipocytes; whereas, administration of CFE at 500 mg/kg showed remarkable (p < 0.001) hypolipidemic and antioxidant effects in HFD fed mice.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  C. fistula fruit demonstrated hypolipidemic and antioxidant properties in vivo and the results corroborate the use of this plant in traditional medicine for cardiac ailments.
authors.affiliation: a Department of PG Studies and Research in Biotechnology and Bioinformatics , Jnanasahyadri, Kuvempu University , Shivamogga , Karnataka , India.
authors.forename: Rizwana
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Abid
authors.affiliation: a Department of PG Studies and Research in Biotechnology and Bioinformatics , Jnanasahyadri, Kuvempu University , Shivamogga , Karnataka , India.
authors.forename: Riaz
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mahmood
authors.affiliation: a Department of PG Studies and Research in Biotechnology and Bioinformatics , Jnanasahyadri, Kuvempu University , Shivamogga , Karnataka , India.
authors.forename: Hulikal Shivashankara
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Santosh Kumar
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002366:Cassia; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D000431:Ethanol / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005638:Fruit; D006949:Hyperlipidemias / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D000960:Hypolipidemic Agents / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D000960:Hypolipidemic Agents; D010936:Plant Extracts; D000431:Ethanol
keywords: Atherogenic index; Cassia fistula ethanol extract; hypolipidemic effect; oil red O staining; statins