title: Creation and validation of an I-123 FP-CIT template for statistical image analysis using high-resolution SPECT for parkinsonian patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to create a new template for the anatomical normalization of I-123 FP-CIT SPECT images of Japanese people to evaluate dopamine transporter binding.
  
  
  METHODS
  The subjects consisted of 16 normal control subjects (5 females and 11 males; mean age ± SD, 51.6 ± 9.5 years, ranging from 25 to 62 years) and 21 parkinsonian patients (7 females and 14 males; mean age ± SD, 70.7 ± 9.4 years, ranging from 49 to 85 years). All normal control subjects and 21 patients with parkinsonism underwent MRI. A total of 148 MBq of I-123 FP-CIT was intravenously injected as a bolus, and a SPECT scan was started 4 h later. Data were analyzed with the Statistical Parametric Mapping 8 (SPM8) software. At first, I-123 FP-CIT SPECT images were co-registered to MRI images and MRI images were normalized to Montreal Neurological Institute (MNI) space using a gray.nii template. Co-registered I-123 FP-CIT SPECT images were normalized using the predetermined normalization parameters for MRI images. Then, anatomically normalized I-123 FP-CIT SPECT images were divided by background counts individually measured using ROIs set on the cerebral cortices. The I-123 FP-CIT template was created by averaging the normalized SPECT images of the 16 normal control subjects. Thereafter, the averaged MRI images of the 16 normal control subjects were also created.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A visual inspection revealed that there were no apparent differences between the I-123 FP-CIT images subjected to the two methods of anatomical normalization in normal control subjects. However, a group comparison by a paired t test using SPM8 revealed that the I-123 FP-CIT binding was significantly higher in the substriatal and temporal regions in I-123 FP-CIT images directly normalized with the I-123 FP-CIT template than in those normalized by the predetermined parameters with MRI, while it was higher in the bilateral frontal cortical regions in the latter than in the former images.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We successfully created an I-123 FP-CIT template for Japanese people. This template is thought to be useful and reliable for the statistical analysis of I-123 FP-CIT images, although some problems exist in the evaluation of parkinsonian patients. The results of a paired t test using SPM suggest that we should use the same normalization method in statistical image analyses.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Fukuoka University Hospital, 7-45-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan. d.m.t.0315@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Kosuke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hida
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Fukuoka University Hospital, 7-45-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan.
authors.forename: Masanari
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nonokuma
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Fukuoka University Hospital, 7-45-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan.
authors.forename: Yasuo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kuwabara
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Fukuoka University Hospital, 7-45-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan.
authors.forename: Tomonobu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tani
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Fukuoka University Hospital, 7-45-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan.
authors.forename: Koichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Takano
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Fukuoka University Hospital, 7-45-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan.
authors.forename: Kengo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yoshimitsu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020734:Parkinsonian Disorders / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D015899:Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon; D014326:Tropanes
chemical_list: D014326:Tropanes; C087552:2-carbomethoxy-8-(3-fluoropropyl)-3-(4-iodophenyl)tropane
keywords: Dopamine transporter; I-123 FP-CIT; SPECT; Statistical parametric mapping; Template