title: Cardiovascular, Metabolic Effects and Dietary Composition of Ad-Libitum Paleolithic vs. Australian Guide to Healthy Eating Diets: A 4-Week Randomised Trial.
abstract: (1) BACKGROUND: The Paleolithic diet is popular in Australia, however, limited literature surrounds the dietary pattern. Our primary aim was to compare the Paleolithic diet with the Australian Guide to Healthy Eating (AGHE) in terms of anthropometric, metabolic and cardiovascular risk factors, with a secondary aim to examine the macro and micronutrient composition of both dietary patterns; (2) METHODS: 39 healthy women (mean ± SD age 47 ± 13 years, BMI 27 ± 4 kg/m²) were randomised to either the Paleolithic (n = 22) or AGHE diet (n = 17) for four weeks. Three-day weighed food records, body composition and biochemistry data were collected pre and post intervention; (3) RESULTS: Significantly greater weight loss occurred in the Paleolithic group (-1.99 kg, 95% CI -2.9, -1.0), p < 0.001). There were no differences in cardiovascular and metabolic markers between groups. The Paleolithic group had lower intakes of carbohydrate (-14.63% of energy (E), 95% CI -19.5, -9.7), sodium (-1055 mg/day, 95% CI -1593, -518), calcium (-292 mg/day 95% CI -486.0, -99.0) and iodine (-47.9 μg/day, 95% CI -79.2, -16.5) and higher intakes of fat (9.39% of E, 95% CI 3.7, 15.1) and β-carotene (6777 μg/day 95% CI 2144, 11410) (all p < 0.01); (4) CONCLUSIONS: The Paleolithic diet induced greater changes in body composition over the short-term intervention, however, larger studies are recommended to assess the impact of the Paleolithic vs. AGHE diets on metabolic and cardiovascular risk factors in healthy populations.
authors.affiliation: School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth 6027, Australia. agenoni@our.ecu.edu.au.
authors.forename: Angela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Genoni
authors.affiliation: School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth 6027, Australia. p.lyons-wall@ecu.edu.au.
authors.forename: Philippa
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lyons-Wall
authors.affiliation: School of Science, Edith Cowan University, Perth 6027, Australia. j.lo@ecu.edu.au.
authors.forename: Johnny
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lo
authors.affiliation: School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth 6027, Australia. a.devine@ecu.edu.au.
authors.forename: Amanda
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Devine
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001823:Body Composition; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D003677:Deficiency Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D015930:Diet Records; D000072001:Diet, Healthy; D066046:Diet, Paleolithic / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004038:Diet, Reducing / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008875:Middle Aged; D018673:Nutrition Policy; D050177:Overweight / Q000097:blood / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D010349:Patient Compliance; D012307:Risk Factors; D015431:Weight Loss; D014904:Western Australia / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers
keywords: AGHE; Paleolithic; cardiovascular; metabolic; obesity