title: Sluggish cognitive tempo is associated with suicide risk in psychiatrically hospitalized children.
abstract: Although identified as a significant public health concern, few studies have examined correlates of suicide risk in school-aged children. Recent studies show a relation between sluggish cognitive tempo (SCT) symptoms and a range of adverse outcomes linked to suicidal ideation, including depression, emotion dysregulation, lowered self-esteem, and peer problems/social withdrawal, yet no study to date has examined SCT in relation to suicide risk.
  
  
  
  We tested the hypothesis that SCT would be associated with suicide risk in a sample of 95 psychiatrically hospitalized children (74% male; 62% black) between the ages of 8 and 12 (M = 10.01, SD = 1.50). Parents completed measures of their child's psychiatric symptoms, including SCT and depression, as well as a measure of their own psychopathology. Children completed measures assessing loneliness and depression. Both parents and children completed measures of suicide risk.
  
  
  
  White children reported greater suicide risk than nonwhite children. After controlling for demographic characteristics, loneliness, parental psychopathology, and correlated psychiatric symptoms, including both parent- and child self-reported depressive symptoms, SCT remained uniquely associated with children's suicide risk. Results were consistent across both parent and child measures of suicide risk.
  
  
  
  This multi-informant study provides strong preliminary support for an association between SCT symptoms and suicide risk in psychiatrically hospitalized children, above and beyond loneliness, depression, and demographic characteristics. Findings are discussed in the context of the interpersonal theory of suicide. Additional studies are needed to replicate and extend these findings, with a particular need for studies that examine the cognitive processes and daydreaming content of individuals displaying elevated SCT symptomatology.
authors.affiliation: Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.|Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
authors.forename: Stephen P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Becker
authors.affiliation: Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
authors.forename: Amanda R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Withrow
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.|Glenwood Autism and Behavioral Health Center, Birmingham, AL, USA.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Stoppelbein
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA.
authors.forename: Aaron M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Luebbe
authors.affiliation: Clinical Child Psychology Program, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA.
authors.forename: Paula J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Fite
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA.
authors.forename: Leilani
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Greening
mesh_terms: D001741:Black or African American / Q000208:ethnology; D002648:Child; D002673:Child, Hospitalized / Q000523:psychology*; D060825:Cognitive Dysfunction / Q000208:ethnology / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000208:ethnology / Q000523:psychology*; D012306:Risk; D013405:Suicide / Q000208:ethnology / Q000523:psychology*; D044465:White People / Q000208:ethnology
keywords: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder; daydreaming; depression; inpatient; rumination; self-injury; suicidal ideation; suicidal imagery; suicidality