title: Diversity of Bradyrhizobium strains nodulating Lupinus micranthus on both sides of the Western Mediterranean: Algeria and Spain.
abstract: Lupinus micranthus is a lupine distributed in the Mediterranean basin whose nitrogen fixing symbiosis has not been described in detail. In this study, 101 slow-growing nodule isolates were obtained from L. micranthus thriving in soils on both sides of the Western Mediterranean. The diversity of the isolates, 60 from Algeria and 41 from Spain, was addressed by multilocus sequence analysis of housekeeping genes (16S rRNA, atpD, glnII and recA) and one symbiotic gene (nodC). Using genomic fingerprints from BOX elements, 37 different profiles were obtained (22 from Algeria and 15 from Spain). Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA and concatenated atpD, glnII and recA sequences of a representative isolate of each BOX profile displayed a homogeneous distribution of profiles in six different phylogenetic clusters. All isolates were taxonomically ascribed to the genus Bradyrhizobium. Three clusters comprising 24, 6, and 4 isolates, respectively, accounted for most of the profiles. The largest cluster was close to the Bradyrhizobium canariense lineage, while the other two were related to B. cytisi/B. rifense. The three remaining clusters included only one isolate each, and were close to B. canariense, B. japonicum and B. elkanii species, respectively. In contrast, phylogenetic clustering of BOX profiles based on nodC sequences yielded only two phylogenetic groups. One of them included all the profiles except one, and belonged to symbiovar genistearum. The remaining profile, constituted by a strain related to B. elkanii, was not related to any well-defined symbiotic lineage, and may constitute both a new symbiovar and a new genospecies.
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire d'Ecologie Microbienne, Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université de Bejaia, 06000 Bejaia, Algeria.
authors.forename: Yasmina
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Bourebaba
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Biotecnología y Biología Vegetal (ETS de Ingenieros Agrónomos) and Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (CBGP), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Durán
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire d'Ecologie Microbienne, Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université de Bejaia, 06000 Bejaia, Algeria.
authors.forename: Farida
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Boulila
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire d'Ecologie Microbienne, Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université de Bejaia, 06000 Bejaia, Algeria.
authors.forename: Hadjira
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ahnia
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire d'Ecologie Microbienne, Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université de Bejaia, 06000 Bejaia, Algeria.
authors.forename: Abdelghani
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Boulila
authors.affiliation: IFAPA, Centro Las Torres-Tomejil, Alcalá del Río, 41200 Sevilla, Spain.
authors.forename: Francisco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Temprano
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Biotecnología y Biología Vegetal (ETS de Ingenieros Agrónomos) and Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (CBGP), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: José M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Palacios
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Biotecnología y Biología Vegetal (ETS de Ingenieros Agrónomos) and Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (CBGP), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; CSIC, Spain.
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Imperial
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Biotecnología y Biología Vegetal (ETS de Ingenieros Agrónomos) and Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (CBGP), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Tomás
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ruiz-Argüeso
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Biotecnología y Biología Vegetal (ETS de Ingenieros Agrónomos) and Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (CBGP), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain. Electronic address: luis.rey@upm.es.
authors.forename: Luis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rey
mesh_terms: D000462:Algeria; D020369:Bradyrhizobium / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D031297:Lupinus / Q000382:microbiology*; D058885:Multilocus Sequence Typing; D017351:N-Acetylglucosaminyltransferases / Q000235:genetics; D009586:Nitrogen Fixation / Q000502:physiology; D010802:Phylogeny; D055170:Plant Root Nodulation; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics; D011938:Rec A Recombinases / Q000235:genetics; D053204:Root Nodules, Plant / Q000382:microbiology*; D012988:Soil Microbiology; D013030:Spain; D013559:Symbiosis; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; D014157:Transcription Factors; D017351:N-Acetylglucosaminyltransferases; D011938:Rec A Recombinases
keywords: Bradyrhizobium; Lupinus micranthus; Phylogeny; Root nodules; Symbiosis