title: Preschool to School in Autism: Neuropsychiatric Problems 8 Years After Diagnosis at 3 Years of Age.
abstract: The study presents neuropsychiatric profiles of children aged 11 with autism spectrum disorder, assessed before 4.5 years, and after interventions. The original group comprised a community sample of 208 children with ASD. Parents of 128 participated-34 with average intellectual function, 36 with borderline intellectual function and 58 with intellectual disability. They were interviewed using the Autism-Tics, AD/HD and other Comorbidities interview. Criteria for a clinical/subclinical proxy of ASD were met by 71, 89 and 95 %, respectively. Criteria for at least one of ASD, AD/HD, Learning disorder or Developmental Coordination Disorder were met by 82, 94 and 97 %. More than 90 % of children with a preschool diagnosis of ASD have remaining neuropsychiatric problems at 11, despite early intervention.
authors.affiliation: Gillberg Neuropsychiatry Centre, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden. martina.barnevik-olsson@primabarn.se.|PRIMA Child and Adult Psychiatry, Götgatan 71, 116 21, Stockholm, Sweden. martina.barnevik-olsson@primabarn.se.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Barnevik Olsson
authors.affiliation: Gillberg Neuropsychiatry Centre, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lundström
authors.affiliation: Gillberg Neuropsychiatry Centre, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden.|Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Westerlund
authors.affiliation: PRIMA Child and Adult Psychiatry, Götgatan 71, 116 21, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: M B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Giacobini
authors.affiliation: Gillberg Neuropsychiatry Centre, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gillberg
authors.affiliation: Gillberg Neuropsychiatry Centre, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Fernell
mesh_terms: D000067877:Autism Spectrum Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D002648:Child; D002659:Child Development Disorders, Pervasive / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015897:Comorbidity; D018479:Early Intervention, Educational / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007859:Learning Disabilities / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D008297:Male; D012574:Schools; D013548:Sweden / Q000453:epidemiology; D013981:Tic Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*
keywords: A-TAC interview; AD/HD; ASD; Autism spectrum disorder; Developmental coordination disorder; Follow-up; Intellectual disability; Learning disorder; Oppositional defiant disorder; Outcome