title: Diagnosis of infant synostotic and nonsynostotic cranial deformities: a review for pediatricians.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To review the current comprehensive care for nonsyndromic craniosynostosis and nonsynostotic cranial deformity and to offer an overall view of these craniofacial conditions.
  
  
  METHODS
  The review was conducted in the PubMed, SciELO, and LILACS databases without time or language restrictions. Relevant articles were selected for the review.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We included the anatomy and physiology of normal skull development of children, discussing nuances related to nomenclature, epidemiology, etiology, and treatment of the most common forms of nonsyndromic craniosynostosis. The clinical criteria for the differential diagnosis between positional deformities and nonsyndromic craniosynostosis were also discussed, giving to the pediatrician subsidies for a quick and safe clinical diagnosis. If positional deformity is accurately diagnosed, it can be treated successfully with behavior modification. Diagnostic doubts and craniosynostosis patients should be referred straightaway to a multidisciplinary craniofacial center.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pediatricians are in the forefront of the diagnosis of patients with cranial deformities. Thus, it is of paramount importance that they recognize subtle cranial deformities as it may be related to premature fusion of cranial sutures.
authors.affiliation: Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, SP, Brasil. Electronic address: ghizonie@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Enrico
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ghizoni
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Cirurgia e Plástica Crânio Facial, Hospital Sobrapar, Campinas, SP, Brasil.
authors.forename: Rafael
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Denadai
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Cirurgia e Plástica Crânio Facial, Hospital Sobrapar, Campinas, SP, Brasil.
authors.forename: Cesar Augusto
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Raposo-Amaral
authors.affiliation: Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, SP, Brasil.
authors.forename: Andrei Fernandes
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Joaquim
authors.affiliation: Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, SP, Brasil.
authors.forename: Helder
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tedeschi
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Cirurgia e Plástica Crânio Facial, Hospital Sobrapar, Campinas, SP, Brasil.
authors.forename: Cassio Eduardo
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Raposo-Amaral
mesh_terms: D019465:Craniofacial Abnormalities / Q000175:diagnosis; D003398:Craniosynostoses / Q000175:diagnosis*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D010372:Pediatrics; D012886:Skull / Q000002:abnormalities*
keywords: Anormalidades craniofaciais; Craniofacial abnormalities; Craniossinostose; Craniosynostosis; Diagnosis; Diagnóstico; Pediatras; Pediatricians