title: Detection of Pulpal Blood Flow In Vivo with Pulse Oximetry in Dogs.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the present study was to investigate the ability of pulse oximetry to detect blood flow within the canine tooth of dogs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Dogs aged 18-138 months presenting for oral treatment and meeting the inclusion criteria underwent pulse oximetry evaluation of at least one canine tooth. Oxygen saturation (SpO2) and pulse rate values were acquired from vital canine teeth of 38 clinical patients (representing 40 total teeth) with a handheld pulse oximeter and compared to a control area. SpO2 values from the tooth and control area were recorded every 5 s for three 60-s intervals. The sensors were repositioned after each 60-s interval.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The vital teeth consistently recorded SpO2 values significantly lower than the control area. The mean vital tooth SpO2 was 85.9% (median = 87%; SD = 8.6), and the mean control area SpO2 was 97.7% (median = 98%; SD = 1.8). An age-related significant difference was noted in vital tooth SpO2 values.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In conclusion, the present data support the possible use of pulse oximetry to detect blood flow in canine teeth. However, there was no significant correlation between SpO2 values in the vital tooth and in the control areas. Additionally, the results were not definitive, and validation of the modality with additional studies of non-vital canine teeth is needed before clinical use can be recommended.
authors.affiliation: Dentistry and Oral Surgery Section, Department of Surgical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison, WI , USA.
authors.forename: Jessica
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Riehl
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison, WI , USA.
authors.forename: Scott J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Hetzel
authors.affiliation: Dentistry and Oral Surgery Section, Department of Surgical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison, WI , USA.
authors.forename: Christopher J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Snyder
authors.affiliation: Dentistry and Oral Surgery Section, Department of Surgical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison, WI , USA.
authors.forename: Jason W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Soukup
keywords: dental trauma; diagnosis; endodontics; pulse oximetry; tooth vitality