title: Factors Affecting Outcome in Treatment of Chronic Subdural Hematoma in ICU Patients: Impact of Anticoagulation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The use of anticoagulants and older age are the main risk factors for chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH). Because the age of the population and use of anticoagulants are increasing, a growing number of CSDH cases is expected. To address this issue, we analyzed the impact of anticoagulants on postsurgical outcome in patients in the intensive care unit (ICU).
  
  
  METHODS
  Demographic data, coagulation parameters, surgical details, radiologic appearance of hematoma, Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score on admission, and Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) score on discharge were retrieved and retrospectively analyzed in 98 patients with CSDH treated in the neurosurgical ICU using correlation coefficient tests and multivariate analysis test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall outcome was good (GOS score 4 and 5) in 55.1% of patients. Overall mortality was 9.1%. There was a correlation between GCS score on admission and GOS score. There was no correlation between hematoma thickness/radiologic appearance and impaired coagulation. Disturbance in thrombocyte function (usually resulting from aspirin intake) correlated with improved outcome, whereas warfarin-related coagulopathy correlated with poor recovery. Nevertheless, patients with thrombocytopathy presented with better initial GCS scores. Neither hematoma size nor recurrence rate affected the outcome.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The size of CSDH was not associated with poor outcome and is not necessarily determined by the use of anticoagulants. Coagulopathy does not rule out a good outcome, but the impact of anticoagulation on treatment results in CSDH varies between the main groups of drugs (warfarin vs. antiplatelet drugs). Patients in good neurologic condition on ICU admission have better chances of recovery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Saarland University Medical Center and Saarland University Faculty of Medicine, Homburg, Saarland, Germany. Electronic address: jacek.szczygielski@uks.eu.
authors.forename: Jacek
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Szczygielski
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Saarland University Medical Center and Saarland University Faculty of Medicine, Homburg, Saarland, Germany.
authors.forename: Sina-Maria
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Gund
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Saarland University Medical Center and Saarland University Faculty of Medicine, Homburg, Saarland, Germany.
authors.forename: Karsten
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Schwerdtfeger
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Saarland University Medical Center and Saarland University Faculty of Medicine, Homburg, Saarland, Germany.
authors.forename: Wolf-Ingo
authors.initials: WI
authors.lastname: Steudel
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Saarland University Medical Center and Saarland University Faculty of Medicine, Homburg, Saarland, Germany.
authors.forename: Joachim
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Oertel
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D015600:Glasgow Coma Scale; D023261:Glasgow Outcome Scale; D020200:Hematoma, Subdural, Chronic / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D007362:Intensive Care Units; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D019635:Neurosurgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015898:Tomography Scanners, X-Ray Computed; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants
keywords: Anticoagulation; Chronic subdural hematoma; Human; Intensive care; Risk factors