title: Acute intoxication of four individuals following use of the synthetic cannabinoid MAB-CHMINACA.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The largest group of new psychoactive substances (NPS) are synthetic cannabinoids (SC). Those that become controlled are immediately replaced by new uncontrolled substances. The recent resurgence of the NPS market in Poland resulted in a further amendment to the Drug Addiction Counteraction Act. This resulted in significant changes in the composition of "legal high" preparations, and consequently a large outbreak of intoxications with SC was reported in Poland at the beginning of July 2015.
  
  
  METHODS
  This paper describes the circumstances of intoxication and toxicological findings in an acute intoxication of four individuals with MAB-CHMINACA. They each smoked tobacco mixed with powder from the package with the description "AM-2201". The adverse effects observed in the individuals included vomiting, seizures, limb twisting, muscle tremors, aggression, agitation, slurred speech, blood pressure spikes, wheezing, respiratory failure and losses of consciousness. Blood samples were analysed using liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry. Results from analysis performed on the blood samples showed the presence of MAB-CHMINACA, while AM-2201 was not found (LOD 0.09 ng/mL). The determined concentrations were 5.2, 1.3, 1.7 and 14.6 ng/mL, respectively. The analyses of the blood did not reveal any other substances (excluding medicines given in hospital).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The presented cases show the health risks associated with MAB-CHMINACA use and confirm that "legal high" preparations do not always contain a substance represented on the package.
authors.affiliation: a Institute of Forensic Research , Krakow , Poland.
authors.forename: Piotr
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Adamowicz
authors.affiliation: a Institute of Forensic Research , Krakow , Poland.
authors.forename: Joanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gieroń
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D063386:Cannabinoid Receptor Agonists / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000506:poisoning*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D013287:Illicit Drugs / Q000097:blood / Q000506:poisoning*; D007191:Indazoles / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000506:poisoning*; D008297:Male; D011044:Poland; D015813:Substance Abuse Detection; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000097:blood* / Q000628:therapy; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D063386:Cannabinoid Receptor Agonists; D013287:Illicit Drugs; D007191:Indazoles; C000614303:MAB-CHMINACA
keywords: ADB-CHMINACA; MAB-CHMINACA; analysis; blood concentrations; intoxication; synthetic cannabinoid