title: Diurnal Variations in Psychological Distress in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to investigate the association between depressive symptoms severity and amplitude of diurnal variations in depression symptoms in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective, observational proof-of-concept study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fourteen participants with moderate/severe COPD completed a 20-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) estimating depressive symptoms severity. Throughout one week, the four-item very short version of the CES-D was completed every day in the morning, afternoon, and evening.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Strong positive correlations were observed between depressive severity and the mean range of diurnal variations in positive (r = .61) and depressed affects (r = .67), somatic complaints (r = .82), and disturbed interpersonal relationships (r = .71).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In COPD patients, a greater diurnal variation in depression symptoms was associated with greater depression severity. This relationship seems independent of COPD severity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Diurnal variation in the symptoms of depression is a new method of identifying depression severity in COPD.
authors.affiliation: 1 Individualized Program, School of Graduate Studies, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada2 Department of Exercise Science, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada3 Centre de Recherche de l'Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada4. Department of Psychiatry, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada5. Department of Psychoeducation and Psychology, Université du Québec en Outaouais, Gatineau, QC, Canada.
authors.forename: Emilie
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Chan-Thim
authors.forename: Marie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dumont
authors.forename: Amanda K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Rizk
authors.forename: Zohra
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Parwanta
authors.forename: Véronique
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Pepin
authors.forename: Grégory
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Moullec
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003863:Depression / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000150:complications* / Q000523:psychology*; D011792:Quebec; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000150:complications / Q000523:psychology*; D013997:Time Factors