title: Relationship of equol production between children aged 5-7 years and their mothers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The factors responsible for the production of isoflavone metabolites have not yet been identified. We aimed to examine the relationships of equol production between mother and child in a birth cohort in Japan.
  
  
  METHODS
  Subjects were a part of the participants in a longitudinal study on pregnant women and their offspring. When children were 5-7 years old, mothers and children were asked to reply to a questionnaire on lifestyles and a 3-day child's dietary record. Mothers and children were given a bar-shaped soy snack (Soyjoy®) daily on two consecutive days (soy challenge). The snack contained 14 mg of overall soy isoflavones as the sum of aglycones and the glucosides for mothers and 7.5 mg for children. On the morning of day 0 and 3, they were asked to mail their first-void urines. Urinary isoflavone metabolites of 159 mother-child pairs were measured by a high-performance liquid chromatography method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Equol producers were 35.5 % among mothers and 13.8 % among children. Equol producer status of a child was neither associated with dietary intake nor with urinary levels of daidzein and genistein. After multiple adjustments for potential confounders, the estimated relative risk of equol producer was 2.75 (95 % confidence interval 1.00, 7.52) among children whose mother was an equol producer, compared with children whose mother was a non-producer.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Child's equol production was associated with the mother's equol producer status. The effects of maternal factors on child's equol production should be studied further.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan. dr_keiko@gifu-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Keiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wada
authors.affiliation: Saga Nutraceuticals Research Institute, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Saga, Japan.
authors.forename: Tomomi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ueno
authors.affiliation: Saga Nutraceuticals Research Institute, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Saga, Japan.
authors.forename: Shigeto
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Uchiyama
authors.affiliation: Saga Nutraceuticals Research Institute, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Saga, Japan.
authors.forename: Yasuhiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Abiru
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan.|Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Nagoya Women's University, Nagoya, Japan.
authors.forename: Michiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tsuji
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan.
authors.forename: Kie
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Konishi
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan.
authors.forename: Fumi
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Mizuta
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Goto
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan.
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tamura
authors.affiliation: Iwasa Maternity, Gifu, Japan.
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shiraki
authors.affiliation: Iwasa Maternity, Gifu, Japan.
authors.forename: Shinichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Iwasa
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan.
authors.forename: Chisato
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Nagata
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D002664:Child Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004032:Diet; D015930:Diet Records; D060754:Equol / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000652:urine*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D019833:Genistein / Q000652:urine; D006801:Humans; D007529:Isoflavones / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000652:urine; D007564:Japan; D008019:Life Style; D057230:Limit of Detection; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D039382:Maternal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D008875:Middle Aged; D009035:Mothers; D062410:Snacks; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D007529:Isoflavones; D060754:Equol; C004742:daidzein; D019833:Genistein
keywords: Diet; Epidemiology; Equol; Isoflavones; Mother–child; Soy