title: Development of a fresh cadaver model for instruction of ultrasound-guided breast biopsy during the surgery clerkship: pre-test and post-test results among third-year medical students.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of our study was to determine if a fresh cadaver model is a viable method for teaching ultrasound (US)-guided breast biopsy of palpable breast lesions.
  
  
  METHODS
  Third-year medical students were assessed both preinstruction and postinstruction on their ability to perform US-guided needle aspiration or biopsy of artificially created masses using a 10-item checklist.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Forty-one third-year medical students completed the cadaver laboratory as part of the surgery clerkship. Eight items on the checklist were found to be significantly different between pre-testing and post-testing. The mean preinstruction score was 2.4, whereas the mean postinstruction score was 7.10 (P < .001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Fresh cadaver models have been widely used in medical education. However, there are few fresh cadaver models that provide instruction on procedures done in the outpatient setting. Our model was found to be an effective method for the instruction of US-guided breast biopsy among medical students.
authors.affiliation: College of Medicine, University of Arizona, PO Box 245026, 1501 North Campbell Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA. Electronic address: hcrees@email.arizona.edu.
authors.forename: Hilary C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: McCrary
authors.affiliation: College of Medicine, University of Arizona, PO Box 245026, 1501 North Campbell Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA.
authors.forename: Jonida
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Krate
authors.affiliation: College of Medicine, University of Arizona, PO Box 245026, 1501 North Campbell Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA.
authors.forename: Christine E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Savilo
authors.affiliation: College of Medicine, University of Arizona, PO Box 245026, 1501 North Campbell Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA.
authors.forename: Melissa H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Tran
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.
authors.forename: Hang T
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Ho
authors.affiliation: College of Medicine, University of Arizona, PO Box 245026, 1501 North Campbell Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA.
authors.forename: William J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Adamas-Rappaport
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.
authors.forename: Rebecca K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Viscusi
mesh_terms: D001707:Biopsy, Needle / Q000379:methods; D001940:Breast / Q000473:pathology*; D002102:Cadaver; D002982:Clinical Clerkship / Q000379:methods; D002983:Clinical Competence; D004504:Education, Medical, Undergraduate / Q000379:methods*; D004521:Educational Measurement; D005260:Female; D013502:General Surgery / Q000193:education*; D006801:Humans; D061705:Image-Guided Biopsy / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D017145:Models, Educational; D058996:Quality Improvement; D018608:Ultrasonography, Doppler
keywords: Breast biopsy; Breast mass; Fresh cadaver; Surgery education; Ultrasound