title: Access to Cancer Therapeutics in Low- and Middle-Income Countries.
abstract: Cancer is rapidly becoming a major health care problem, especially in developing countries, where 60% of the world's total new cases are diagnosed. The success of new antineoplastic medicines and modern radiation devices to cure a good proportion of patients with cancer and to alleviate the suffering of many more has been achieved at a dramatic cost. Therefore, it has become mandatory for health care authorities and pharmaceutical companies to cooperate to use and develop resources in an efficient manner to improve health care delivery to patients with cancer worldwide. Regulatory harmonization is an important key to overcome delays in the approval process, whether for antineoplastic and pain control medicines or for essential medical devices. More emphasis on the significant role of opiates in pain control among patients with cancer is needed to overcome the ingrained belief in their potential for addiction. The World Health Organization (WHO) serves an important role in guiding priorities for health care and efficiently allocating resources by providing essential medicine lists (EMLs) and device lists. However, the financial challenge for access to health care is multi-tiered and requires collaboration between key stakeholders including pharmaceutical industry, local national health authorities, WHO, and other nonprofit, patient-oriented organizations.
authors.affiliation: From the University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan; University of Witwatersrand Faculty of Health Sciences, Johannesburg, South Africa; Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ruff
authors.affiliation: From the University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan; University of Witwatersrand Faculty of Health Sciences, Johannesburg, South Africa; Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.
authors.forename: Sana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Al-Sukhun
authors.affiliation: From the University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan; University of Witwatersrand Faculty of Health Sciences, Johannesburg, South Africa; Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.
authors.forename: Charmaine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Blanchard
authors.affiliation: From the University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan; University of Witwatersrand Faculty of Health Sciences, Johannesburg, South Africa; Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.
authors.forename: Lawrence N
authors.initials: LN
authors.lastname: Shulman
mesh_terms: D003695:Delivery of Health Care / Q000191:economics*; D003906:Developing Countries / Q000191:economics*; D006801:Humans; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000191:economics* / Q000453:epidemiology; D014944:World Health Organization