title: Human trophoblast cell during first trimester after IVF-ET differs from natural conceived pregnancy in development and function.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore the differences of the trophoblast cell function in first trimester between natural pregnancy and pregnancy after IVF-ET therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  102 cases with twin to singleton fetal reduction after IVF-ET treatment from July 2010 to August 2013 in Peking University Third Hospital were involved in analysis, and eight specimens were obtained from this group. 10 natural-pregnancy cases undergoing artificial abortion with unwanted pregnancy were recruited as control. Semi-quantitative immunohistochemical method was used to detect the expression of EGFR, Bcl-2, tubulin-α, metallothionein and AFP in villi in both groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 102 cases, 14 cases (13.73%) were aborted. Preterm birth occurred in seven cases (7.86%). Low birth weight occurred in three patients (3.37%), and extremely low birth weight occurred in four cases (4.49%). The expression of EGFR, tubulin-α, Bcl-2, and metallothionein in the IVF-ET group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P<0.05). However, AFP expression was significantly higher in IVF-ET group than in control group (P<0.05). In IVF-ET group, the miscarriage case had weaker EGFR, tubulin-α, and metallothionein expression than full-term pregnancy; the early preterm labor case had weaker Bcl-2, tubulin-α, and metallothionein expression; and velamentous cord insertion case had weaker tubulin-α expression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The trophoblast cell function of IVF-ET group in first trimester is different from control group in proliferation, invasion, apoptosis and vascular development, and optimal pregnancy outcome depends on the self-healing balance of trophoblast cells.
authors.affiliation: Reproductive Medical Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education and Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproduction, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Rui
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Reproductive Medical Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education and Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproduction, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Ying-Ying
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Reproductive Medical Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education and Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproduction, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Liang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Reproductive Medical Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education and Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproduction, Beijing, China. wangying02114@bjmu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Reproductive Medical Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education and Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproduction, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Rong
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Reproductive Medical Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education and Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproduction, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Reproductive Medical Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education and Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproduction, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Cai-Hong
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: Reproductive Medical Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education and Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproduction, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Xin-Na
authors.initials: XN
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Reproductive Medical Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education and Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproduction, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Qiao
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D005307:Fertilization in Vitro / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D018607:Pregnancy Reduction, Multifetal; D011261:Pregnancy Trimester, First; D014327:Trophoblasts / Q000473:pathology*; D055815:Young Adult