title: Two shikimate dehydrogenases, VvSDH3 and VvSDH4, are involved in gallic acid biosynthesis in grapevine.
abstract: In plants, the shikimate pathway provides aromatic amino acids that are used to generate numerous secondary metabolites, including phenolic compounds. In this pathway, shikimate dehydrogenases (SDH) 'classically' catalyse the reversible dehydrogenation of 3-dehydroshikimate to shikimate. The capacity of SDH to produce gallic acid from shikimate pathway metabolites has not been studied in depth. In grapevine berries, gallic acid mainly accumulates as galloylated flavan-3-ols. The four grapevine SDH proteins have been produced in Escherichia coli In vitro, VvSDH1 exhibited the highest 'classical' SDH activity. Two genes, VvSDH3 and VvSDH4, mainly expressed in immature berry tissues in which galloylated flavan-3-ols are accumulated, encoded enzymes with lower 'classical' activity but were able to produce gallic acid in vitro The over-expression of VvSDH3 in hairy-roots increased the content of aromatic amino acids and hydroxycinnamates, but had little or no effect on molecules more distant from the shikimate pathway (stilbenoids and flavan-3-ols). In parallel, the contents of gallic acid, β-glucogallin, and galloylated flavan-3-ols were increased, attesting to the influence of this gene on gallic acid metabolism. Phylogenetic analysis from dicotyledon SDHs opens the way for the examination of genes from other plants which accumulate gallic acid-based metabolites.
authors.affiliation: INRA, UMR 1083 Sciences pour l'œnologie, 2 place Pierre Viala, F-34060 Montpellier cedex 1, France.
authors.forename: Thibaut
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Bontpart
authors.affiliation: INRA, UMR 1083 Sciences pour l'œnologie, 2 place Pierre Viala, F-34060 Montpellier cedex 1, France.
authors.forename: Thérèse
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Marlin
authors.affiliation: INRA, UMR 1083 Sciences pour l'œnologie, 2 place Pierre Viala, F-34060 Montpellier cedex 1, France.
authors.forename: Sandrine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vialet
authors.affiliation: INRA, UMR 1083 Sciences pour l'œnologie, 2 place Pierre Viala, F-34060 Montpellier cedex 1, France.
authors.forename: Jean-Luc
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Guiraud
authors.affiliation: INRA, UMR 1083 Sciences pour l'œnologie, 2 place Pierre Viala, F-34060 Montpellier cedex 1, France.
authors.forename: Lucie
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Pinasseau
authors.affiliation: INRA, UMR 1083 Sciences pour l'œnologie, 2 place Pierre Viala, F-34060 Montpellier cedex 1, France.
authors.forename: Emmanuelle
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Meudec
authors.affiliation: INRA, UMR 1083 Sciences pour l'œnologie, 2 place Pierre Viala, F-34060 Montpellier cedex 1, France.
authors.forename: Nicolas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sommerer
authors.affiliation: INRA, UMR 1083 Sciences pour l'œnologie, 2 place Pierre Viala, F-34060 Montpellier cedex 1, France.
authors.forename: Véronique
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Cheynier
authors.affiliation: INRA, UMR 1083 Sciences pour l'œnologie, 2 place Pierre Viala, F-34060 Montpellier cedex 1, France terrier@supagro.inra.fr.
authors.forename: Nancy
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Terrier
mesh_terms: D000429:Alcohol Oxidoreductases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000235:genetics; D005707:Gallic Acid / Q000378:metabolism*; D030781:Organisms, Genetically Modified / Q000254:growth & development; D010802:Phylogeny; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D027843:Vitis / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D010940:Plant Proteins; D005707:Gallic Acid; D000429:Alcohol Oxidoreductases; C022641:Shikimate dehydrogenase
keywords: Flavan-3-ol; flavonoid; gallic acid; galloylation; grapevine; shikimate dehydrogenase.