title: The relationship between oscillatory EEG activity and the laminar-specific BOLD signal.
abstract: Electrophysiological recordings in animals have indicated that visual cortex γ-band oscillatory activity is predominantly observed in superficial cortical layers, whereas α- and β-band activity is stronger in deep layers. These rhythms, as well as the different cortical layers, have also been closely related to feedforward and feedback streams of information. Recently, it has become possible to measure laminar activity in humans with high-resolution functional MRI (fMRI). In this study, we investigated whether these different frequency bands show a differential relation with the laminar-resolved blood-oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) signal by combining data from simultaneously recorded EEG and fMRI from the early visual cortex. Our visual attention paradigm allowed us to investigate how variations in strength over trials and variations in the attention effect over subjects relate to each other in both modalities. We demonstrate that γ-band EEG power correlates positively with the superficial layers' BOLD signal and that β-power is negatively correlated to deep layer BOLD and α-power to both deep and superficial layer BOLD. These results provide a neurophysiological basis for human laminar fMRI and link human EEG and high-resolution fMRI to systems-level neuroscience in animals.
authors.affiliation: Donders Institute for Brain Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, NL-6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands; rene.scheeringa@donders.ru.nl.
authors.forename: René
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Scheeringa
authors.affiliation: Donders Institute for Brain Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, NL-6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Oxford Centre for Functional MRI of the Brain, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, United Kingdom;
authors.forename: Peter J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Koopmans
authors.affiliation: Donders Institute for Brain Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, NL-6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands;
authors.forename: Tim
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: van Mourik
authors.affiliation: Donders Institute for Brain Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, NL-6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Center for Neuroscience, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, XH 1098 Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
authors.forename: Ole
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Jensen
authors.affiliation: Donders Institute for Brain Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, NL-6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Erwin L. Hahn Institute for Magnetic Resonance Imaging, D-45141 Essen, Germany; MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, NL-7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: David G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Norris
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000513:Alpha Rhythm / Q000502:physiology*; D001611:Beta Rhythm / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D065818:Gamma Rhythm / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D010100:Oxygen / Q000378:metabolism*; D014793:Visual Cortex / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D010100:Oxygen
keywords: EEG; cortical layers; high-resolution fMRI; oscillations