title: Monsoonal variations in atmospheric surfactants at different coastal areas of the Malaysian Peninsula.
abstract: This study determined the effect of monsoonal changes on the composition of atmospheric surfactants in coastal areas. The composition of anions (SO4(2-), NO3(-), Cl(-), F(-)) and the major elements (Ca, K, Mg, Na) in aerosols were used to determine the possible sources of surfactants. Surfactant compositions were determined using a colorimetric method as methylene blue active substances (MBAS) and disulphine blue active substances (DBAS). The anion and major element compositions of the aerosol samples were determined by ion chromatography (IC) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), respectively. The results indicated that the concentrations of surfactant in aerosols were dominated by MBAS (34-326pmolm(-3)). Monsoonal changes were found to significantly affect the concentration of surfactants. Using principal component analysis-multiple linear regressions (PCA-MLR), major possible sources for surfactants in the aerosols were motor vehicle emissions, secondary aerosol and the combustion of biomass along with marine aerosol.
authors.affiliation: School of Environmental and Natural Resource Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Shoffian Amin
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Jaafar
authors.affiliation: School of Environmental and Natural Resource Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia; Institute for Environment and Development (LESTARI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia. Electronic address: talib@ukm.my.
authors.forename: Mohd Talib
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Latif
authors.affiliation: School of Environmental and Natural Resource Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Intan Suraya
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Razak
authors.affiliation: School of Environmental and Natural Resource Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Muhammad Zulhilmi
authors.initials: MZ
authors.lastname: Shaharudin
authors.affiliation: Centre for Tropical Climate Change System, Institute of Climate Change, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Md Firoz
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, 35900 Tanjung Malim, Perak, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Nurul Bahiyah Abd
authors.initials: NBA
authors.lastname: Wahid
authors.affiliation: Institute of Oceanography and Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Suhaimi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Suratman
mesh_terms: D000336:Aerosols; D000393:Air Pollutants; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D008296:Malaysia; D008751:Methylene Blue; D012621:Seasons; D013501:Surface-Active Agents / Q000737:chemistry*; D001335:Vehicle Emissions
chemical_list: D000336:Aerosols; D000393:Air Pollutants; D013501:Surface-Active Agents; D001335:Vehicle Emissions; D008751:Methylene Blue
keywords: Aerosols; Ionic compositions; Monsoonal effect, PCA-MLR; Surfactants