title: Quinones Derived from Polychlorinated Biphenyls Induce ROS-Dependent Autophagy by Evoking an Autophagic Flux and Inhibition of mTOR/p70S6k.
abstract: Autophagy is a "self-eating" destructive process that eliminates damaged organelles to maintain cellular homeostasis. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are one of the most infamous industrial pollutants, which are ubiquitous in nature. In the present study, we found that an active, quinone-type PCB metabolite (PCB29-pQ) treatment causes an autophagic response through mTOR/p70S6k inhibition in HepG2 and MDA-MB-231 cells. Furthermore, our data suggested that PCB29-pQ enhances autophagosome formation through autophagic vacuole (AV) biogenesis, which evokes autophagic flux and induces AV-lysosome colocalization. The inhibition of autophagy enhanced PCB29-pQ-caused cytotoxicity, suggesting that autophagy serves as pro-survival machinery that plays a protective role in the early stage of PCB29-pQ-induced insult. However, higher concentration of PCB29-pQ exposure (>5 μM) caused autophagic cell death, which implied a shift from "pro-survival" to "pro-death" upon autophagic signaling. N-Acetylcysteine suppressed PCB29-pQ-induced autophagy and cytotoxicity, suggesting that ROS plays an important role in the regulation of PCB29-pQ-induced autophagy. Because autophagy shows significant implications in various human diseases and conditions, our current study provides a new mechanism for PCB-associated toxicity.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University , Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Qiong
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University , Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xiufang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University , Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Zixuan
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University , Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yawen
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University , Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yuxin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University , Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Juanli
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University , Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Chuanyang
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Su
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University , Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xiaomin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Xia
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University , Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Erqun
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University , Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Song
mesh_terms: D001343:Autophagy / Q000187:drug effects*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D006801:Humans; D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011809:Quinones / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism*; D038762:Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases, 70-kDa / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*
chemical_list: D011809:Quinones; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls; C546842:MTOR protein, human; D038762:Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases, 70-kDa; D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases