title: Autophagy Has a Beneficial Role in Relieving Cigarette Smoke-Induced Apoptotic Death in Human Gingival Fibroblasts.
abstract: The deleterious role of cigarette smoke has long been documented in various human diseases including periodontal complications. In this report, we examined this adverse effect of cigarette smoke on human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) which are critical not only in maintaining gingival tissue architecture but also in mediating immune responses. As well documented in other cell types, we also observed that cigarette smoke promoted cellular reactive oxygen species in HGFs. And we found that this cigarette smoke-induced oxidative stress reduced HGF viability through inducing apoptosis. Our results indicated that an increased Bax/Bcl-xL ratio and resulting caspase activation underlie the apoptotic death in HGFs exposed to cigarette smoke. Furthermore, we detected that cigarette smoke also triggered autophagy, an integrated cellular stress response. Interesting, a pharmacological suppression of the cigarette smoke-induced autophagy led to a further reduction in HGF viability while a pharmacological promotion of autophagy increased the viability of HGFs with cigarette smoke exposures. These findings suggest a protective role for autophagy in HGFs stressed with cigarette smoke, highlighting that modulation of autophagy can be a novel therapeutic target in periodontal complications with cigarette smoke.
authors.affiliation: 1. Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine and Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Chilam-dong, Jinju, 660-702, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Moon-Soo
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: 1. Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine and Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Chilam-dong, Jinju, 660-702, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jeong-Won
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Yun
authors.affiliation: 1. Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine and Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Chilam-dong, Jinju, 660-702, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jin-Ho
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: 1. Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine and Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Chilam-dong, Jinju, 660-702, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Bong-Wook
authors.initials: BW
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: 1. Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine and Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Chilam-dong, Jinju, 660-702, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Young-Hoon
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.affiliation: 2. Clinical Research Institutue of Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Young-Sool
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Hah
authors.affiliation: 3. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Sun-Chul
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.affiliation: 4. College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Dong Kyun
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Woo
authors.affiliation: 1. Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine and Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Chilam-dong, Jinju, 660-702, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: June-Ho
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Byun
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D001343:Autophagy / Q000502:physiology*; D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects*; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D005881:Gingiva / Q000166:cytology*; D006801:Humans; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D012906:Smoke / Q000009:adverse effects*; D014026:Nicotiana / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D012906:Smoke; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide
keywords: apoptosis; autophagy; cigarette smoke; gingival fibroblast; oxidative stress