title: Meta-analysis: effectiveness of forced-air warming for prevention of perioperative hypothermia in surgical patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of forced-air warming for preventing perioperative hypothermia.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Perioperative hypothermia commonly occurs in patients receiving anaesthesia during surgeries. However, the effectiveness of warming systems requires verification.
  
  
  METHODS
  Systematic review incorporating meta-analysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  We searched OVID, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Medline, CINAHL, CETD and CEPS databases (2001-2015) for randomized controlled trials published in English and Chinese. Outcome measures of interests were body temperature and thermal comfort.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cochrane methods, Quality of evidence (GRADE) assessments and Jadad Quality Score were used.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-nine trials (1875 patients) met inclusion criteria, including seven trials (502 patients) related to thermal comfort. Results showed that: (1) forced-air warming was more effective than passive insulation and circulating-water mattresses; (2) there was no statistically significant difference among forced-air warming, resistive heating blankets, radiant warming systems and circulating-water garments; and (3) that thermal comfort provided by forced-air warming was superior to that of passive insulation, resistive heating blankets and radiant warming systems, but inferior to that of circulating-water mattresses.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Forced-air warming prevents perioperative hypothermia more effectively than passive insulation and circulating-water mattresses, whereas there is no statistically significant difference in its effectiveness compared with circulating-water garments, resistive heating blankets and radiant warming systems.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nursing, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Hsiao-Chi
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Nieh
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, Hungkuang University, Taichung City, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Shu-Fen
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Su
mesh_terms: D001513:Beds; D001831:Body Temperature; D001921:Brain; D006361:Heating; D006801:Humans; D007035:Hypothermia / Q000517:prevention & control*; D010361:Patients; D019990:Perioperative Care
keywords: body temperature; forced-air warming; hypothermia; meta-analysis; nursing; perioperative care; systematic review; thermal comfort