title: Magnetic resonance imaging of primary pediatric liver tumors.
abstract: Although primary hepatic neoplasms are less common than other intra-abdominal tumors in children, these neoplasms are a significant source of morbidity and mortality in the pediatric population. MRI is increasingly relied upon in the diagnostic evaluation of these lesions, both before and after treatment, and familiarity with the MRI findings associated with these neoplasms is a must for pediatric radiologists. Advances in MRI technology, particularly the advent of hepatocyte-specific gadolinium-based MRI contrast agents, have allowed for accurate characterization of several types of hepatic neoplasms on the basis of imaging appearance. In this review, we provide an overview of the approach to imaging hepatic neoplasms in children using MRI, including a sample imaging protocol. We also discuss the relevant clinical features and MRI findings of the most clinically relevant entities, including their appearance on post-contrast imaging using hepatocyte-specific gadolinium-based MRI contrast agents.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave., MLC-5031, Cincinnati, OH, 45255, USA.
authors.forename: Brian S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Pugmire
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave., MLC-5031, Cincinnati, OH, 45255, USA. alexander.towbin@cchmc.org.
authors.forename: Alexander J
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1729-5071
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Towbin
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D003287:Contrast Media; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods; D008099:Liver / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA
keywords: Children; Gadoxetate disodium; Hepatic; Liver; Magnetic resonance imaging; Tumor