title: Analgesic use and pain in residents with and without dementia in aged care facilities: A cross-sectional study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate analgesic use and pain in people with and without dementia in Australian residential aged are facilities.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional study of 383 residents of six residential aged are facilities was conducted. Nurses assessed self-reported and clinician-observed pain. Analgesic use data were extracted from medication charts. Logistic regression was used to investigate factors associated with analgesic use.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Analgesics were administered to 291 (76.0%) residents in the previous 24 hours. The prevalence of analgesic use was similar among residents with and without dementia (79.3% vs 73.4%, P = 0.20). Residents with dementia had a higher prevalence of self-reported pain than those without dementia but similar prevalence of clinician-observed pain. In residents with dementia, high care residence and dementia severity were associated with analgesic use.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The prevalence of analgesic use was similar among residents with and without dementia. Both self-reported and clinician-observed measures are needed in regular pain assessments.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Medicine Use and Safety, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. edwin.tan@monash.edu.
authors.forename: Edwin Ck
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.affiliation: Adelaide Geriatrics Training and Research with Aged Care (GTRAC) Centre, School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.|Aged and Extended Care Services, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Central Adelaide Local Health Network, South Australia, Australia.
authors.forename: Renuka
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Visvanathan
authors.affiliation: Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Departments of Clinical Pharmacology and Aged Care, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.|NHMRC Cognitive Decline Partnership Centre, Hornsby Ku-ring-gai Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
authors.forename: Sarah N
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Hilmer
authors.affiliation: Sansom Institute, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
authors.forename: Agnes
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vitry
authors.affiliation: Resthaven Incorporated, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
authors.forename: Tina
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Emery
authors.affiliation: Resthaven Incorporated, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
authors.forename: Leonie
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Robson
authors.affiliation: Department of General Practice, Unit of Primary Health Care, Helsinki University Central Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Kaisu
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Pitkälä
authors.affiliation: Centre for Medicine Use and Safety, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: Jenni
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ilomäki
authors.affiliation: Centre for Medicine Use and Safety, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.|NHMRC Cognitive Decline Partnership Centre, Hornsby Ku-ring-gai Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.|Sansom Institute, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
authors.forename: J Simon
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Bell
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000375:Aging / Q000523:psychology; D000700:Analgesics / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003704:Dementia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D006707:Homes for the Aged; D006801:Humans; D007297:Inpatients / Q000523:psychology*; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009735:Nursing Homes; D016017:Odds Ratio; D010146:Pain / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000523:psychology; D010147:Pain Measurement; D015995:Prevalence; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013021:South Australia / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics
keywords: analgesic; dementia; home for the aged; opioid; pain