title: The antibacterial activity and action mechanism of emodin from Polygonum cuspidatum against Haemophilus parasuis in vitro.
abstract: Haemophilus parasuis is the causative agent of Glässer's disease, which leads to serious economic loss to the swine industry. Although antibiotics are widely used to control infections, outbreaks of this disease repeatedly happen. In this study, emodin from Polygonum cuspidatum showed potent inhibitory effect against H. parasuis. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) values of emodin were 32 and 64μg/mL, respectively. The antibacterial kinetic curves indicated the antibacterial activity of emodin was in a concentration-dependent manner. Cell membrane permeability and flow cytometry assays proved that emodin could destroy cell membrane integrity and increase membrane permeability, and fluorescence spectra assay indicated emodin has influenced conformation of membrane protein. Under transmission electron microscopy, serious lesions of H. parasuis exposed to emodin (64μg/mL) were found, including irregular cell shape, plasmolysis, ruptured cell wall and membrane and cytoplasmic vacuolation. These results suggested that emodin could be used as candidate for treating Glässer's disease.
authors.affiliation: Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
authors.forename: Xu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Key laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China. Electronic address: yinzhongq@163.com.
authors.forename: Zhongqiong
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.affiliation: Key laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China. Electronic address: cqrc_jry@163.com.
authors.forename: Renyong
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jia
authors.affiliation: Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
authors.forename: Zhengwen
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
authors.forename: Xun
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
authors.forename: Yuanfeng
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zou
authors.affiliation: Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
authors.forename: Lixia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
authors.forename: Lizi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.affiliation: College of Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China.
authors.forename: Guizhou
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Yue
authors.affiliation: Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
authors.forename: Gang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.affiliation: Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
authors.forename: Cheng
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lv
authors.affiliation: Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
authors.forename: Wenjing
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.affiliation: Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
authors.forename: Yuping
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fu
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D004642:Emodin / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D045468:Fallopia japonica / Q000737:chemistry*; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D044137:Haemophilus parasuis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D050296:Microbial Viability / Q000187:drug effects; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D010539:Permeability / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D004642:Emodin
keywords: Antibacterial activity; Emodin; Haemophilus parasuis; Polygonum cuspidatum