title: Ocular morphology and visual function in relation to general growth in moderate-to-late preterm school-aged children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study ocular morphology and visual function in relation to general growth in moderate-to-late preterm (MLP) children.
  
  
  METHODS
  Visual acuity (VA), refraction, optic disc parameters, biometric values and anthropometric measures were obtained from 50 eight-year-old MLP and 43 full-term children. Macular parameters were examined by optical coherence tomography. Serum insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) levels were analysed at birth and at assessment and delta IGF-I was calculated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Total macular volume was significantly less in MLP than in controls (both eyes p < 0.01). Macular volume correlated with head circumference (HCF) at assessment [right eye (RE) p = 0.002, r = 0.67; left eyes (LE) p = 0.01, r = 0.54] and refraction (both eyes p < 0.05, r = 0.4) in the MLP children. Furthermore, central retinal thickness correlated significantly with delta IGF-I (RE p = 0.03, r = -0.51, LE p = 0.006, r = -0.59) and refraction (both eyes p < 0.01, r = 0.5) and optic disc areas correlated with weight and height at assessment (all p < 0.05, r = 0.4). Total axial length correlated with HCF at assessment (both eyes p < 0.01, r = 0.5) and VA logMAR (both eyes p < 0.02, r = -0.4).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Macular volume was significantly less in MLP children than in controls examined at 8 years of age. General growth of children and IGF-I levels seem to be involved in development of ocular growth and morphology.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden. lina_raffa@yahoo.com.|Department of Ophthalmology, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. lina_raffa@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Lina H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Raffa
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
authors.forename: Jovanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dahlgren
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
authors.forename: Ann
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hellström
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
authors.forename: Marita
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Andersson Grönlund
mesh_terms: D000886:Anthropometry; D001699:Biometry; D002648:Child; D005123:Eye / Q000254:growth & development*; D005260:Female; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000378:metabolism; D008266:Macula Lutea / Q000166:cytology*; D008297:Male; D009412:Nerve Fibers; D009898:Optic Disk / Q000166:cytology*; D047928:Premature Birth; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012029:Refraction, Ocular / Q000502:physiology*; D012165:Retinal Ganglion Cells / Q000166:cytology*; D047929:Term Birth; D041623:Tomography, Optical Coherence; D014792:Visual Acuity / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I
keywords: insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I); macular thickness; moderate-to-late preterm; optical coherence tomography