title: PSCA, Cox-2, and Ki-67 are independent, predictive markers of biochemical recurrence in clinically localized prostate cancer: a retrospective study.
abstract: Prostate cancer is the second most common male cancer, with half of all patients going on to develop metastases. To better identify patients at high risk for prostate cancer progression and reduce prostate cancer-related mortality, improved prognostic factors are required. In this study, we used immunohistochemistry (IHC) to determine the prognostic values of multiple tissue biomarkers in hormone-naοve prostatectomy specimens of prostate cancer. Using 510 prostatectomy specimens collected between 2002 and 2012, IHC analysis was performed for Cerb-2, Cyclin D1, VEGF, EGFR, Rb, PSCA, p53, Bcl-2, Cox-2, PMS2, and Ki-67 on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded sections. The Cox proportional hazard model was used to determine the predictive risk factors for biochemical recurrence (BCR) of prostate cancer. During a median 44-month follow-up, 128 (25.1%) patients developed BCR. A multivariate regression analysis revealed that Ki-67 (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.60, P = 0.033), PSCA (HR: 0.42, P < 0.001), and Cox-2 (HR: 2.05, P = 0.003) were the only significant prognostic tissue markers of BCR. Resection margin status (HR: 1.67, P = 0.010), pathologic pT0/1/2 stage (vs pT3/4; HR: 0.20, P = 0.002), preoperative PSA levels (HR: 1.03, P < 0.001), biopsied (HR: 1.30, P = 0.022) and pathologic (HR: 1.42, P = 0.005) Gleason scores, and prostate size (HR: 0.97, P = 0.003) were significant clinicopathologic factors. The expression of Ki-67, PSCA, and Cox-2 biomarkers along with other clinicopathologic factors were prognostic factors for BCR in patients with clinically localized prostate cancer following radical prostatectomy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Center for Prostate Cancer, Research Institute and Hospital of National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea.
authors.forename: Sung Han
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Center for Prostate Cancer, Research Institute and Hospital of National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea.|Department of Pathology, Center for Prostate Cancer, Research Institute and Hospital of National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea.
authors.forename: Weon Seo
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Statistics, Biometric Research Branch, Clinical Research Coordination Center, Research Institute and Hospital of National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea.
authors.forename: Bo Ram
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Statistics, Biometric Research Branch, Clinical Research Coordination Center, Research Institute and Hospital of National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea.
authors.forename: Jungnam
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Joo
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Center for Prostate Cancer, Research Institute and Hospital of National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea.
authors.forename: Jae Young
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Joung
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Center for Prostate Cancer, Research Institute and Hospital of National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea.
authors.forename: Ho Kyung
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Seo
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Center for Prostate Cancer, Research Institute and Hospital of National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea.
authors.forename: Jinsoo
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Center for Prostate Cancer, Research Institute and Hospital of National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea.
authors.forename: Kang Hyun
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm / Q000032:analysis*; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis*; D001706:Biopsy; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000032:analysis*; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D058851:GPI-Linked Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen / Q000032:analysis*; D008297:Male; D046228:Microarray Analysis; D008875:Middle Aged; D060787:Neoplasm Grading; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000032:analysis*; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000378:metabolism; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000378:metabolism; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D058851:GPI-Linked Proteins; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; C110843:PSCA protein, human; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; C496540:PTGS2 protein, human