title: Impact of IPDE-SQ personality disorders on the healthcare and societal costs of fibromyalgia patients: a cross-sectional study.
abstract: Data is lacking on comorbid personality disorders (PD) and fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) in terms of prevalence, and associated healthcare and societal costs. The main aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of PD in FMS patients and to analyse whether the presence of comorbid PD is related to worse functional impairment and greater healthcare (medical visits, drug consumption, and medical tests) and societal costs.
  
  
  
  A cross-sectional study was performed using the baseline data of 216 FMS patients participating in a randomized, controlled trial carried out in three primary health care centres situated in the region of Barcelona, Spain. Measurement instruments included the International Personality Disorder Examination - Screening Questionnaire (IPDE-SQ), the Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQ), the Client Service Receipt Inventory (CSRI), and a socio-demographic questionnaire.
  
  
  
  Most patients (65 %) had a potential PD according to the IPDE-SQ. The most prevalent PD were the avoidant (41.4 %), obsessive-compulsive (33.1 %), and borderline (27 %). We found statistically significant differences in functional impairment (FIQ scores) between FMS patients with potential PD vs non-PD (59.2 vs 51.1; p < 0.001). Multivariate regression analyses revealed that higher FIQ total scores and the presence of potential PD were related to more healthcare costs (primary and specialised care visits).
  
  
  
  As expected, PD are frequent comorbid conditions in patients with FMS. Our results suggest that the screening of comorbid PD in patients with FMS might be recommendable in order to detect potential frequent attenders to primary and specialised care.
authors.affiliation: Mental Health Centre Esplugues, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Rambla Verge de la Mercé, 1 edif. Molí. 08950, Esplugues Sant Boi del Llobregat, Esplugues del Llobregat, Spain. lguma@pssjd.org.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gumà-Uriel
authors.affiliation: Primary Health Centre Bartomeu Fabrés Anglada, SAP Delta Llobregat, Unitat Docent Costa de Ponent, Institut Català de la Salut, Gavà, Spain.|Primary Care Prevention and Health Promotion Research Network, RedIAPP, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: M Teresa
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Peñarrubia-María
authors.affiliation: Teaching, Research, & Innovation Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Spain.
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cerdà-Lafont
authors.affiliation: Unitat de Suport a la Recerca, IDIAP Jordi Gol, Primary Health care Department of Costa de Ponent, Institut Català de la Salut, Cornellà de Llobregat, Spain.
authors.forename: Oriol
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Cunillera-Puertolas
authors.affiliation: Unitat de Suport a la Recerca, IDIAP Jordi Gol, Primary Health care Department of Costa de Ponent, Institut Català de la Salut, Cornellà de Llobregat, Spain.
authors.forename: Jesús
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Almeda-Ortega
authors.affiliation: Primary Health Centre Bartomeu Fabrés Anglada, SAP Delta Llobregat, Unitat Docent Costa de Ponent, Institut Català de la Salut, Gavà, Spain.|Primary Care Prevention and Health Promotion Research Network, RedIAPP, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Rita
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Fernández-Vergel
authors.affiliation: Primary Care Prevention and Health Promotion Research Network, RedIAPP, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain.|Department of Psychiatry, Miguel Servet Hospital, Aragon Institute of Health Sciences (I + CS), Zaragoza, Spain.
authors.forename: Javier
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: García-Campayo
authors.affiliation: Primary Care Prevention and Health Promotion Research Network, RedIAPP, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain.|Teaching, Research, & Innovation Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Spain.|Open University of Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Juan V
authors.initials: JV
authors.lastname: Luciano
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001883:Borderline Personality Disorder / Q000453:epidemiology; D015897:Comorbidity; D003193:Compulsive Personality Disorder / Q000453:epidemiology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005356:Fibromyalgia / Q000191:economics* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D017048:Health Care Costs; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010554:Personality Disorders / Q000191:economics* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015995:Prevalence; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: Direct costs; Fibromyalgia syndrome; Indirect costs; Personality disorders