title: In Vivo Neurochemical Characterization of Developing Guinea Pigs and the Effect of Chronic Fetal Hypoxia.
abstract: The guinea pig is a frequently used animal model for human pregnancy complications, such as oxygen deprivation or hypoxia, which result in altered brain development. To investigate the impact of in utero chronic hypoxia on brain development, pregnant guinea pigs underwent either normoxic or hypoxic conditions at about 70 % of 65-day term gestation. After delivery, neurochemical profiles consisting of 19 metabolites and macromolecules were obtained from the neonatal cortex, hippocampus, and striatum from birth to 12 weeks postpartum using in vivo (1)H MR spectroscopy at 9.4 T. The effects of chronic fetal hypoxia on the neurochemical profiles were particularly significant at birth. However, the overall developmental trends of neurochemical concentration changes were similar between normoxic and hypoxic animals. Alterations of neurochemicals including N-acetylaspartate (NAA), phosphorylethanolamine, creatine, phosphocreatine, and myo-inositol indicate neuronal loss, delayed myelination, and altered brain energetics due to chronic fetal hypoxia. These observed neurochemical alterations in the developing brain may provide insights into hypoxia-induced brain pathology, neurodevelopmental compromise, and potential neuroprotective measures.
authors.affiliation: Hoglund Brain Imaging Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, MSN 1052, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA.
authors.forename: Wen-Tung
authors.initials: WT
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Hoglund Brain Imaging Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, MSN 1052, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA.|The Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA.
authors.forename: Phil
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: The Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA.
authors.forename: Yafeng
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.affiliation: The Department of Biostatistics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA.
authors.forename: Hung-Wen
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Yeh
authors.affiliation: Hoglund Brain Imaging Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, MSN 1052, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA.
authors.forename: Jieun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: The Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA.
authors.forename: Carl P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Weiner
authors.affiliation: Hoglund Brain Imaging Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, MSN 1052, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA.|The Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA.
authors.forename: William M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Brooks
authors.affiliation: Hoglund Brain Imaging Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, MSN 1052, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA. ichoi@kumc.edu.|The Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA. ichoi@kumc.edu.|The Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA. ichoi@kumc.edu.
authors.forename: In-Young
authors.initials: IY
authors.lastname: Choi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D001921:Brain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism*; D001923:Brain Chemistry / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D005311:Fetal Hypoxia / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism*; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D008297:Male; D011247:Pregnancy; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism*
keywords: Developing brain; Fetal hypoxia; Guinea pig; In vivo 1H MRS; Neurochemical profile