title: Single-trial prediction of reaction time variability from MEG brain activity.
abstract: Neural activity prior to movement onset contains essential information for predictive assistance for humans using brain-machine-interfaces (BMIs). Even though previous studies successfully predicted different goals for upcoming movements, it is unclear whether non-invasive recording signals contain the information to predict trial-by-trial behavioral variability under the same movement. In this paper, we examined the predictability of subsequent short or long reaction times (RTs) from magnetoencephalography (MEG) signals in a delayed-reach task. The difference in RTs was classified significantly above chance from 550 ms before the go-signal onset using the cortical currents in the premotor cortex. Significantly above-chance classification was performed in the lateral prefrontal and the right inferior parietal cortices at the late stage of the delay period. Thus, inter-trial variability in RTs is predictable information. Our study provides a proof-of-concept of the future development of non-invasive BMIs to prevent delayed movements.
authors.affiliation: Cognitive Mechanisms Laboratories, Advanced Telecommunications Research Institute International (ATR), Keihanna Science City, Kyoto 619-0288, Japan.|Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.|Department of Psychology, Graduate School of Humanities and Sociology, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyou-ku, 113-0033 Japan.
authors.forename: Ryu
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ohata
authors.affiliation: Cognitive Mechanisms Laboratories, Advanced Telecommunications Research Institute International (ATR), Keihanna Science City, Kyoto 619-0288, Japan.|Department of Psychology, Graduate School of Letters, Hokkaido University, Kita 10, Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0810 Japan.
authors.forename: Kenji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ogawa
authors.affiliation: Cognitive Mechanisms Laboratories, Advanced Telecommunications Research Institute International (ATR), Keihanna Science City, Kyoto 619-0288, Japan.|Department of Psychology, Graduate School of Humanities and Sociology, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyou-ku, 113-0033 Japan.|Center for Information and Neural Networks (CiNet), National Institute of Information and Communications Technology and Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Imamizu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001931:Brain Mapping / Q000379:methods; D062207:Brain-Computer Interfaces; D006225:Hand / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D015225:Magnetoencephalography / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009044:Motor Cortex / Q000502:physiology*; D009068:Movement / Q000502:physiology; D010296:Parietal Lobe / Q000502:physiology*; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult