title: The role of tissue factor and autophagy in pulmonary vascular remodeling in a rat model for chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension.
abstract: Few reports have examined tissue factor (TF) and autophagy expression in chronic pulmonary thromboembolic hypertension (CTEPH) animal models.
  
  
  
  To investigate the role of tissue factor (TF), autophagy and their interactions during chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) pathogenesis in a rat model.
  
  
  
  Autologous blood clots were repeatedly injected into the left jugular vein of rats with injecting endogenous fibrinolysis inhibitor tranexamic acid (TXA). Mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP), histopathology and TF, Beclin-1 and microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain (LC3) expression levels were detected.
  
  
  
  The mPAP and vessel wall area/total area (WA/TA) ratio in the experiment group increased significantly (P < 0.05). TF mRNA and protein expression levels in the experiment group increased significantly (P < 0.05). Beclin-1 and LC3B mRNA and protein expression levels were lower in the experiment group (P < 0.05). The mPAP had a positive correlation with WA/TA ratio (r = 0.955, P < 0.05). Beclin-1 and LC3B protein expression had a negative correlation with the WA/TA ratio (r = -0.963, P < 0.05, r = -0.965, P < 0.05, respectively). TF protein expression had a negative correlation with both Beclin-1 and LC3B protein expression (r = -0.995, P <0.05, r = -0972, P < 0.05, respectively).
  
  
  
  A rat model of CTEPH can be established by repeatedly introducing autologous blood clots into the pulmonary artery with injecting TXA. TF and autophagy may play a key role during CTEPH pathogenesis, especially in vascular remodeling.
authors.affiliation: Division of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350005, China. jasonsci7333@163.com.
authors.forename: Chaosheng
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Deng
authors.affiliation: Division of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350005, China.
authors.forename: Dawen
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Division of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350005, China.
authors.forename: Minxia
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Division of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350005, China.
authors.forename: Yunfei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Division of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350005, China.
authors.forename: Haibo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.affiliation: Division of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350005, China.
authors.forename: Zhanghua
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhong
authors.affiliation: Division of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350005, China.
authors.forename: Ningfang
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Lian
authors.affiliation: Division of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350005, China.
authors.forename: Qiaoxian
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Division of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350005, China.
authors.forename: Shuang
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Division of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350005, China.
authors.forename: Kaixiong
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000933:Antifibrinolytic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D062186:Arterial Pressure; D001343:Autophagy; D000071186:Beclin-1 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D006976:Hypertension, Pulmonary / Q000235:genetics / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D008869:Microtubule-Associated Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D011651:Pulmonary Artery / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D011652:Pulmonary Circulation; D011655:Pulmonary Embolism / Q000235:genetics / Q000503:physiopathology*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013925:Thromboplastin / Q000235:genetics*; D014148:Tranexamic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D066253:Vascular Remodeling
chemical_list: D000933:Antifibrinolytic Agents; D000071186:Beclin-1; D008869:Microtubule-Associated Proteins; D013925:Thromboplastin; D014148:Tranexamic Acid; C526109:Anxa3 protein, rat