title: Lack of control of hypertension in primary cardiovascular disease prevention in Europe: Results from the EURIKA study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The prevalence of and factors associated with uncontrolled hypertension and apparent resistant hypertension were assessed in the European Study on Cardiovascular Risk Prevention and Management in Usual Daily Practice (EURIKA; NCT00882336).
  
  
  METHODS
  EURIKA was a cross-sectional observational study including patients being treated for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease in 12 European countries. Patients were assessed if they were being treated for hypertension (N=5220). Blood pressure control was defined according to European guidelines, with sensitivity analysis taking account of patients' age and diabetes status. Associated factors were assessed using multivariate analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the primary analysis, a total of 2691 patients (51.6%) had uncontrolled hypertension. Factors significantly associated with an increased risk of having uncontrolled hypertension included female sex (odds ratio [OR]: 2.29; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.93-2.73), body mass index (BMI; OR per kg/m(2): 1.03; 95% CI: 1.01-1.04), and geographic location. A total of 749 patients (14.3%) had apparent resistant hypertension. Factors significantly associated with an increased risk of having apparent resistant hypertension included BMI (OR per kg/m(2): 1.06; 95% CI: 1.04-1.08), diabetes (OR: 1.28; 95% CI: 1.06-1.53), use of statins (OR: 1.36; 95% CI: 1.15-1.62), serum uric acid levels (OR: 1.16; 95% CI: 1.09-1.23), and geographic location. Similar results were seen in sensitivity analyses.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Over 50% of patients treated for hypertension continued to have uncontrolled blood pressure and 14.3% had apparent resistant hypertension. Positive associations were seen with other cardiovascular risk factors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Ageing and Clinical Nephrology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy. Electronic address: claudio.borghi@unibo.it.
authors.forename: Claudio
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Borghi
authors.affiliation: INSERM CIC-EC 1425 and Département d'Epidemiologie et Recherche Clinique, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bichat, Paris, France; Université Paris Diderot, UMR 1123, ECEVE, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Florence
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Tubach
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, University of Ghent, Ghent, Belgium.
authors.forename: Guy
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: De Backer
authors.affiliation: INSERM U 744, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Université Lille-Nord de France, Lille, France.
authors.forename: Jean
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dallongeville
authors.affiliation: Departments of Epidemiology and Medicine and Welch Center of Prevention, Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Population Genetics, National Center for Cardiovascular Research, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Eliseo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Guallar
authors.affiliation: Medical Evidence and Observational Research, AstraZeneca, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Jesús
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Medina
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Health and Caring Sciences, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden.
authors.forename: Joep
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Perk
authors.affiliation: INSERM CIC-EC 1425 and Département d'Epidemiologie et Recherche Clinique, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bichat, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Carine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Roy
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid/IdiPaz and CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: José R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Banegas
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid/IdiPaz and CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Rodriguez-Artalejo
authors.affiliation: Institute of Life Sciences 2, Swansea University College of Medicine, Swansea, UK.
authors.forename: Julian P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Halcox
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005060:Europe / Q000453:epidemiology; D006973:Hypertension / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy; D011322:Primary Prevention / Q000379:methods; D012307:Risk Factors
keywords: Cardiovascular disease; Hypertension; Observational study; Primary prevention; Risk factor