title: Could the immune response in the sentinel lymph nodes of gastric cancer patients be the key to tailored surgery?
abstract: Precise detection of downstream, nonsentinel lymph node metastases is the key to implementation of the sentinel lymph node concept in gastric cancer. To overcome the problem of complex lymphatic drainage, micrometastases, and skip metastases, we investigated the feasibility of tumor cell detection in sentinel lymph nodes, using flow cytometry as well as studied immune suppression in the sentinel lymph node as a potential marker of downstream lymph node metastases.
  
  
  
  In 21 patients with gastric cancer, the sentinel lymph nodes extracted during operation subjected to frozen sections and flow cytometry. The tumor cells were defined with the cell surface markers CEACAM and EpCAM. Simultaneously, the cell densities of different subsets of T cells were determined.
  
  
  
  The sensitivity and specificity of the determination of nodal status with flow cytometry for tumor cell detection was 100% and 63%, respectively, as seen in frozen sections. Correlations with nonsentinel lymph node metastases were seen for CD127(low)CD25(high) and CD45(neg)CD127(low)CD25(high) cell densities, relative proportion of CD45RA(neg)CD127(low)CD25(high) cells, frozen sections results, lymphangial invasion, and tumor size (P ≤ .043 each). Multivariate analysis identified the relative proportions of CD45RA(neg)CD127(low)CD25(high) cells as the only significant predictor for downstream nonsentinel lymph node metastases (P = .028; 95% confidence interval, 1.107-5.780). The predictive value of combined detection of flow cytometry tumor cells and the relative proportion of CD45RA(neg)CD127(low)CD25(high) cells for nodal stage determination was 91%.
  
  
  
  Combined detection of tumor cells and CD45RA(neg)CD127(low)CD25(high) cells in sentinel lymph nodes with flow cytometry predicts accurately nonsentinel lymph node metastases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Abdominal and General Surgery, University Clinical Centre Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia. Electronic address: tomaz.jagric@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Tomaz
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Jagric
authors.affiliation: Department for Laboratory Diagnostics, University Clinical Centre Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gorenjak
authors.affiliation: Department for Laboratory Diagnostics, University Clinical Centre Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Goropevsek
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002452:Cell Count; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D005629:Frozen Sections; D006801:Humans; D053645:Interleukin-2 Receptor alpha Subunit / Q000378:metabolism; D053699:Interleukin-7 Receptor alpha Subunit / Q000378:metabolism; D017493:Leukocyte Common Antigens / Q000378:metabolism; D008197:Lymph Node Excision; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D000071036:Sentinel Lymph Node / Q000276:immunology*; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery
chemical_list: D053645:Interleukin-2 Receptor alpha Subunit; D053699:Interleukin-7 Receptor alpha Subunit; D017493:Leukocyte Common Antigens