title: S100A1 Protein Does Not Compete with Calmodulin for Ryanodine Receptor Binding but Structurally Alters the Ryanodine Receptor·Calmodulin Complex.
abstract: S100A1 has been suggested as a therapeutic agent to enhance myocyte Ca(2+) cycling in heart failure, but its molecular mode of action is poorly understood. Using FRET, we tested the hypothesis that S100A1 directly competes with calmodulin (CaM) for binding to intact, functional ryanodine receptors type I (RyR1) and II (RyR2) from skeletal and cardiac muscle, respectively. Our FRET readout provides an index of acceptor-labeled CaM binding near donor-labeled FKBP (FK506-binding protein 12.6) on the cytoplasmic domain of RyR in isolated sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles. S100A1 (0.01-400 μm) partially inhibited FRET (i.e. CaM binding), with Ki > 10 μm, for both RyR1 and RyR2. The high [S100A1] required for partial effects on FRET indicates a lack of competition by S100A1 on CaM/RyR binding under normal physiological conditions. High-resolution analysis of time-resolved FRET detects two structural states of RyR-bound CaM, which respond to [Ca(2+)] and are isoform-specific. The distribution of these structural states was perturbed only by high micromolar [S100A1], which promoted a shift of bound CaM to a lower FRET orientation (without altering the amount of CaM bound to RyR). Thus, high micromolar S100A1 does alter the CaM/RyR interaction, without involving competition. Nevertheless, submicromolar S100A1 can alter RyR function, an effect that is influenced by both [Ca(2+)] and [CaM]. We conclude that CaM and S100A1 can concurrently bind to and functionally modulate RyR1 and RyR2, but this does not involve direct competition at the RyR CaM binding site.
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis Minnesota 55455.
authors.forename: Robyn T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Rebbeck
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis Minnesota 55455.
authors.forename: Florentin R
authors.initials: FR
authors.lastname: Nitu
authors.affiliation: the Center for Molecular and Translational Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Heidelberg, INF 410, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany, and.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rohde
authors.affiliation: the Center for Molecular and Translational Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Heidelberg, INF 410, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany, and.
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Most
authors.affiliation: the Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, California 95616.
authors.forename: Donald M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Bers
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis Minnesota 55455.
authors.forename: David D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis Minnesota 55455, corne002@umn.edu.
authors.forename: Razvan L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Cornea
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D002147:Calmodulin / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D031541:Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D009206:Myocardium / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D011485:Protein Binding; D019837:Ryanodine Receptor Calcium Release Channel / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D009418:S100 Proteins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D002147:Calmodulin; D019837:Ryanodine Receptor Calcium Release Channel; D009418:S100 Proteins; C110294:S100A1 protein; D002118:Calcium
keywords: FKBP12.6; calcium channel; calmodulin (CaM); fluorescence lifetime; fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET); sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR); structure-function