title: Oxidative stress markers in type 2 diabetes patients with diabetic nephropathy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Epidemiological studies show that 5-40 % of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) patients have diabetic nephropathy, and oxidative stress is one of several underlying mechanisms. We investigated associations between oxidative stress markers and severity of diabetic nephropathy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-nine T2DM patients from the endocrinology outpatient department were included, and their levels of oxidative stress markers were measured. Three groups were determined by their urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR): group A (UACR < 30 mg/g, n = 22); group B (30 ≤ UACR < 300 mg/g, n = 22); and group C (UACR ≥ 300 mg/g, n = 15).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Vitamin C levels correlated negatively and moderately with serum creatinine (γ = -0.459, p < 0.001), urine albumin (γs= -0.458, p = 0.001) and UACR (γs= -0.408, p = 0.001), but only weakly with hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Vitamin C levels decreased as 8-OHdG, serum creatinine, albumin and UACR increased. T2DM patients with more severe diabetic nephropathy had lower vitamin C levels.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results identified several oxidative stress markers that may be clinically important in diabetic nephropathy. Studies with larger sample sizes should be undertaken to confirm these findings.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food and Nutrition, Providence University, Taiwan 200, Sec. 7, Taiwan Boulevard, Shalu Dist., Taichung City, 43301, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Su-Tze
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Chou
authors.affiliation: Department of Food and Nutrition, Providence University, Taiwan 200, Sec. 7, Taiwan Boulevard, Shalu Dist., Taichung City, 43301, Taiwan. tsn4830@gmail.com.|Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kuang Tien General Hospital, No. 117, Shatian Road Shalu District, Taichung City, 433, Taiwan (R.O.C.). tsn4830@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Shih-Ting
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Tseng
mesh_terms: D000080242:8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine; D000368:Aged; D000419:Albuminuria / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology / Q000652:urine; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000032:analysis; D001205:Ascorbic Acid / Q000097:blood; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D003849:Deoxyguanosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000097:blood; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000652:urine; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000652:urine; D005260:Female; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012720:Severity of Illness Index
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D015415:Biomarkers; D000080242:8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine; D003404:Creatinine; D003849:Deoxyguanosine; D001205:Ascorbic Acid
keywords: Antioxidant; Diabetes mellitus; Diabetic nephropathy; Oxidative stress; Vitamin C