title: Serum Galectin-9 and Galectin-3-Binding Protein in Acute Dengue Virus Infection.
abstract: Dengue fever is a serious threat for public health and induces various inflammatory cytokines and mediators, including galectins and glycoproteins. Diverse immune responses and immunological pathways are induced in different phases of dengue fever progression. However, the status of serum galectins and glycoproteins is not fully determined. The aim of this study was to investigate the serum concentration and potential interaction of soluble galectin-1, galectin-3, galectin-9, galectin-3 binding protein (galectin-3BP), glycoprotein 130 (gp130), and E-, L-, and P-selectin in patients with dengue fever in acute febrile phase. In this study, 317 febrile patients (187 dengue patients, 150 non-dengue patients that included 48 patients with bacterial infection and 102 patients with other febrile illness) who presented to the emergency department and 20 healthy controls were enrolled. Our results showed the levels of galectin-9 and galectin-3BP were significantly higher in dengue patients than those in healthy controls. Lower serum levels of galectin-1, galectin-3, and E-, L-, and P-selectin in dengue patients were detected compared to bacteria-infected patients, but not to healthy controls. In addition, strong correlation between galectin-9 and galectin-3BP was observed in dengue patients. In summary, our study suggested galectin-9 and galectin-3BP might be critical inflammatory mediators in acute dengue virus infection.
authors.affiliation: Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan. kuantingliu7@gmail.com.|Department of Emergency Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan. kuantingliu7@gmail.com.|School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan. kuantingliu7@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Kuan-Ting
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan. lau0619@yahoo.com.tw.
authors.forename: Yao-Hua
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan. infchen@gmail.com.|Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan. infchen@gmail.com.|Department of Biological Science and Technology, College of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan. infchen@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Yen-Hsu
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan. infectionman@gmail.com.|Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan. infectionman@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Chun-Yu
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan. locusthao@gmail.com.|Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan. locusthao@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Chung-Hao
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan. 1030605@ms.kmuh.org.tw.
authors.forename: Meng-Chi
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Yen
authors.affiliation: Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan. kuopolin@seed.net.tw.|Institute of Medical Science and Technology, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan. kuopolin@seed.net.tw.
authors.forename: Po-Lin
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Kuo
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm / Q000097:blood*; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000097:blood*; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000097:blood*; D003715:Dengue / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D037161:Galectins / Q000097:blood*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins
chemical_list: D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D037161:Galectins; D006023:Glycoproteins; C081856:LGALS3BP protein, human; D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins; C105032:LGALS9 protein, human
keywords: adult; dengue; fever; galectin; galectin-3 binding protein; galectin-9; glycoprotein; serum