title: A Dual Identity Approach for Conceptualizing and Measuring Children's Gender Identity.
abstract: The goal was to test a new dual identity perspective on gender identity by asking children (n = 467) in three grades (Mage= 5.7, 7.6, 9.5) to consider the relation of the self to both boys and girls. This change shifted the conceptualization of gender identity from one to two dimensions, provided insights into the meaning and measurement of gender identity, and allowed for revisiting ideas about the roles of gender identity in adjustment. Using a graphical measure to allow assessment of identity in young children and cluster analyses to determine types of identity, it was found that individual and developmental differences in how similar children feel to both genders, and these variations matter for many important personal and social outcomes.
authors.affiliation: Arizona State University.
authors.forename: Carol Lynn
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.affiliation: Arizona State University.
authors.forename: Naomi C Z
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: Andrews
authors.affiliation: Arizona State University.
authors.forename: Dawn E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: England
authors.affiliation: Arizona State University.
authors.forename: Kristina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Zosuls
authors.affiliation: New York University.
authors.forename: Diane N
authors.initials: DN
authors.lastname: Ruble
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002652:Child Behavior / Q000523:psychology*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D005260:Female; D005783:Gender Identity; D006801:Humans; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D012649:Self Concept; D012938:Social Perception