title: Competence, competency-based education, and undergraduate dental education: a discussion paper.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of undergraduate dental education is to provide competent dentists to serve societal needs and improve population oral healthcare. Competency-based education has influenced the development of dental education for decades but this term is problematic. This article explores components of competency-based undergraduate health professional education in order to help the dental profession have a better understanding of the context and purposes of undergraduate dental education.
  
  
  METHODS
  This is a discussion paper based on a wide reading of the literature on the education of health professionals with a specific focus on competency-based undergraduate education.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Competence comprises an integration of knowledge, skills and attitudes indicating a capability to perform professional tasks safely and ethically. The process of becoming a competent practitioner is complex. Four characteristics of competency-based education are: curriculum components and content shaped by societal needs; focused on student-centred learning; learning achievement; and limited attention to time-based training and numerical targets. Alongside a competency-based approach, undergraduate dental education can be influenced by institutional features and external factors but these receive little consideration in the literature.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Understanding competence, competency-based education, and institutional and external factors will help to improve educational quality, define roles and professional development for the dental educator, and inform further research.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chuenjitwongsa
authors.affiliation: Postgraduate Medical and Dental Education, Wales Deanery, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
authors.forename: R G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Oliver
authors.affiliation: Cardiff Unit for Research and Evaluation in Medical and Dental Education (CUREMeDE), Cardiff University School of Social Sciences, Cardiff, UK.
authors.forename: A D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Bullock
mesh_terms: D002983:Clinical Competence; D003162:Competency-Based Education; D004497:Education, Dental / Q000379:methods*
keywords: competence; competency-based curriculum; undergraduate dental education