title: Extraction and Purification of Quercitrin, Hyperoside, Rutin, and Afzelin from Zanthoxylum Bungeanum Maxim Leaves Using an Aqueous Two-Phase System.
abstract: In this study, an aqueous two-phase system (ATPS) based on ethanol/NaH2 PO4 was developed for the extraction and purification of quercitrin, hyperoside, rutin, and afzelin from Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim leaves. These 4 flavonoids were 1st extracted from dried Z. bungeanum leaves using a 60% ethanol solution and subsequently added to the ATPS for further purification. The partition behavior of the 4 flavonoids in ATPS was investigated. The optimal ATPS conditions were: 29% (w/w) NaH2 PO4 , 25% (w/w) ethanol concentration, 1% (w/w) added amount of leaf extracts, no pH adjustment, and repeated 1 h extractions at 25 °C. Under the optimal conditions for the 10 g ATPS, the absolute recovery of quercitrin, hyperoside, rutin, and afzelin reached 90.3%, 83.5%, 92.3%, and 89.1%, respectively. Compared to the 60% ethanol extracts, the content of quercitrin (44.8 mg/g), hyperoside (65.6 mg/g), rutin (56.4 mg/g), and afzelin (6.84 mg/g) in the extracts increased by 49.9%, 38.8%, 45.6%, and 36.8% respectively. The extracts after ATPS also exhibited stronger antioxidant activities, the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl IC50 value (10.5 μg/mL) decreased by 41.8%, and the 2,2-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt value (966 μmol Trolox/g) and ferric reducing power value (619 μmol Trolox/g) increased by 29.8% and 53.7%, respectively. Furthermore, scale-up experiments indicated that a larger scale experiment was feasible for the purification of the 4 flavonoids.
authors.affiliation: College of Forestry, Northwest A&F Univ, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China.
authors.forename: Fengyuan
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: College of Forestry, Northwest A&F Univ, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China.
authors.forename: Dengwu
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: College of Forestry, Northwest A&F Univ, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China.
authors.forename: Dongmei
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: College of Forestry, Northwest A&F Univ, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China.
authors.forename: Ming
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Deng
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology; D052160:Benzothiazoles / Q000378:metabolism; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds / Q000378:metabolism; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D008362:Mannosides / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010851:Picrates / Q000378:metabolism; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry; D044945:Proanthocyanidins / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology; D011794:Quercetin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000032:analysis / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology; D012431:Rutin / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology; D013451:Sulfonic Acids / Q000378:metabolism; D014867:Water; D032106:Zanthoxylum / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D052160:Benzothiazoles; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds; D005419:Flavonoids; D008362:Mannosides; D010851:Picrates; D010936:Plant Extracts; D044945:Proanthocyanidins; D013451:Sulfonic Acids; D014867:Water; C002502:2,2'-azino-di-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline)-6-sulfonic acid; C012526:quercitrin; D012431:Rutin; C477954:afzelin; C021304:hyperoside; D011794:Quercetin; C004931:1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl
keywords: Z. bungeanum Maxim leaves; antioxidants activity; aqueous two-phase system; flavonoids