title: Hepatic ischemia reperfusion injury: A systematic review of literature and the role of current drugs and biomarkers.
abstract: Hepatic ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI) is not only a pathophysiological process involving the liver, but also a complex systemic process affecting multiple tissues and organs. Hepatic IRI can seriously impair liver function, even producing irreversible damage, which causes a cascade of multiple organ dysfunction. Many factors, including anaerobic metabolism, mitochondrial damage, oxidative stress and secretion of ROS, intracellular Ca(2+) overload, cytokines and chemokines produced by KCs and neutrophils, and NO, are involved in the regulation of hepatic IRI processes. Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMPs) can be an important mediator of early leukocyte recruitment and target in acute and chronic liver injury associated to ischemia. MMPs and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) could be used as markers of I-R injury severity stages. This review explores the relationship between factors and inflammatory pathways that characterize hepatic IRI, MMPs and current pharmacological approaches to this disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Annunziata Hospital of Cosenza, Cosenza, Italy. Electronic address: anubis_m@libero.it.
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cannistrà
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Annunziata Hospital of Cosenza, Cosenza, Italy. Electronic address: ruggant@alice.it.
authors.forename: Michele
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ruggiero
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Catanzaro, Italy. Electronic address: alessandra.zullo@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Alessandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zullo
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency, Pugliese-Ciaccio Hospital, Catanzaro, Italy. Electronic address: giuseppegallelli@hotmail.it.
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gallelli
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Annunziata Hospital of Cosenza, Cosenza, Italy. Electronic address: seraf87@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Simone
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Serafini
authors.affiliation: Department of Primary Care, Provincial Health Authority of Vibo Valentia, 89900 Vibo Valentia, Italy. Electronic address: m.mazzitelli88@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Mazzitelli
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Maria
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Catanzaro, Italy. Electronic address: agox18@virgilio.it.
authors.forename: Agostino
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Naso
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Catanzaro, Italy. Electronic address: raffaele.eia@alice.it.
authors.forename: Raffaele
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Grande
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Catanzaro, Italy. Electronic address: rserra@unicz.it.
authors.forename: Raffaele
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Serra
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Annunziata Hospital of Cosenza, Cosenza, Italy; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna, Italy. Electronic address: bruno.nardo@unibo.it.
authors.forename: Bruno
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Nardo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D015316:Genetic Therapy; D006498:Hepatectomy / Q000009:adverse effects; D007728:Kupffer Cells / Q000378:metabolism; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism / Q000601:surgery; D008107:Liver Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy; D016031:Liver Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects; D008297:Male; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases / Q000378:metabolism; D008930:Mitochondria, Liver / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D011379:Prognosis; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy; D018570:Risk Assessment
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D015415:Biomarkers; D016207:Cytokines; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases
keywords: Hepatic ischemia reperfusion injury; Inflammation; Metalloproteinases; Preconditioning