title: Fractalkine Attenuates Microglial Cell Activation Induced by Prenatal Stress.
abstract: The potential contribution of inflammation to the development of neuropsychiatric diseases has recently received substantial attention. In the brain, the main immune cells are the microglia. As they are the main source of inflammatory factors, it is plausible that the regulation of their activation may be a potential therapeutic target. Fractalkine (CX3CL1) and its receptor CX3CR1 play a crucial role in the control of the biological activity of the microglia. In the present study, using microglial cultures we investigated whether fractalkine is able to reverse changes in microglia caused by a prenatal stress procedure. Our study found that the microglia do not express fractalkine. Prenatal stress decreases the expression of the fractalkine receptor, which in turn is enhanced by the administration of exogenous fractalkine. Moreover, treatment with fractalkine diminishes the prenatal stress-induced overproduction of proinflammatory factors such as IL-1β, IL-18, IL-6, TNF-α, CCL2, or NO in the microglial cells derived from prenatally stressed newborns. In conclusion, the present results revealed that the pathological activation of microglia in prenatally stressed newborns may be attenuated by fractalkine administration. Therefore, understanding of the role of the CX3CL1-CX3CR1 system may help to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the neuron-microglia interaction and its role in pathological conditions in the brain.
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smętna Street, 31-343 Krakow, Poland.
authors.forename: Joanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ślusarczyk
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smętna Street, 31-343 Krakow, Poland.
authors.forename: Ewa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Trojan
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smętna Street, 31-343 Krakow, Poland.
authors.forename: Katarzyna
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Głombik
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smętna Street, 31-343 Krakow, Poland.
authors.forename: Katarzyna
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Chamera
authors.affiliation: Department of Brain Biochemistry, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smętna Street, 31-343 Krakow, Poland.
authors.forename: Adam
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Roman
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smętna Street, 31-343 Krakow, Poland.
authors.forename: Bogusława
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Budziszewska
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smętna Street, 31-343 Krakow, Poland.
authors.forename: Agnieszka
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Basta-Kaim
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000073883:CX3C Chemokine Receptor 1; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D054428:Chemokine CX3CL1 / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D007378:Interleukins / Q000378:metabolism; D017628:Microglia / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D011247:Pregnancy; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D018121:Receptors, Cytokine / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015728:Receptors, HIV / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D013312:Stress, Physiological / Q000502:physiology*; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000073883:CX3C Chemokine Receptor 1; D054428:Chemokine CX3CL1; D007378:Interleukins; D018121:Receptors, Cytokine; D015728:Receptors, HIV; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D009569:Nitric Oxide