title: Cytotoxic and genotoxic activities of waters and sediments from highway and parking lot runoffs.
abstract: The genotoxicity of water and sediment samples from stormwater treatment systems and water from urban highway runoff was tested in the Salmonella/microsome assays with Salmonella typhimurium, micronucleus assay (Trad-MN) with plants and with human-derived liver cells (HepG2), or comet assay with HepG2. Cytotoxicity of water samples was studied using either reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, cell proliferation or dye exclusion assay in HepG2. Concentrations of several contaminants in the tested samples were also measured. Results suggested that urban highway runoff exposed to severe vehicle traffic emissions caused genotoxic effects in comet assay and in Trad-MN assays. Sediments induced either mutagenic effects in strain YG1024 or genotoxic effects in Trad-MN assay. These effects could be due to the presence of nitro-polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (NPAHs) which possess carcinogenic and mutagenic properties. Influent and effluents of stormwater treatment systems did not induce genotoxic activity or effects on HepG2 cell viability; however, the influents were able to induce ROS generation and cell proliferation in HepG2 cells. As the methods require a sterile filtration of the water samples, this could have also removed particulate-associated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and resulted in a less pronounced induction of genotoxicity, as would be expected by PAH contamination.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Sanitary Engineering and Water Pollution Control, Department of Water-Atmosphere-Environment, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, Vienna 1190, Austria E-mail: tadele.m.haile@boku.ac.at.
authors.forename: Tadele Measho
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Haile
authors.affiliation: Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8A, Vienna 1090, Austria.
authors.forename: Miroslav
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mišík
authors.affiliation: Section Drinking Water and Swimming Pool Water Toxicology, Federal Environment Agency (UBA), Heinrich-Heine-Str. 12, Bad Elster 08645, Germany.
authors.forename: Tamara
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Grummt
authors.affiliation: Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8A, Vienna 1090, Austria.
authors.forename: Al-Serori
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Halh
authors.affiliation: Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8A, Vienna 1090, Austria.
authors.forename: Clemens
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pichler
authors.affiliation: Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8A, Vienna 1090, Austria.
authors.forename: Siegfried
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Knasmueller
authors.affiliation: Institute of Sanitary Engineering and Water Pollution Control, Department of Water-Atmosphere-Environment, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, Vienna 1190, Austria E-mail: tadele.m.haile@boku.ac.at.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fuerhacker
mesh_terms: D020552:Comet Assay; D004249:DNA Damage; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D056945:Hep G2 Cells; D006801:Humans; D015162:Micronucleus Tests; D009153:Mutagens / Q000633:toxicity; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons / Q000032:analysis; D012486:Salmonella typhimurium; D001335:Vehicle Emissions / Q000633:toxicity*; D014867:Water; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D009153:Mutagens; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons; D001335:Vehicle Emissions; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D014867:Water