title: Prenylated chalcones and flavonoids for the prevention and treatment of cancer.
abstract: Prenylated chalcones and flavonoids gained increasing attention not only in nutrition but also in cancer prevention because of their biological and molecular activities in humans, which have been extensively investigated in vitro or in preclinical studies. These naturally occurring compounds exhibit antioxidant effects, modulate metabolism of carcinogens by inhibition of distinct phase 1 metabolic enzymes and activation of phase 2 detoxifying enzymes, and display antiinflammatory properties. In particular, their potential to prevent proliferation of tumor cells is noteworthy. Some representatives of this subclass of secondary plant compounds exert pronounced anti-tumor-initiating capacities and directly inhibit growth of cancer cells, whereas their toxic effects on healthy tissues are remarkably low. These promising pharmacologic characteristics are countered by low ingestion, low bioavailability, and little knowledge of their metabolism. This review focuses on the great potential of these plant- and nutrient-derived compounds for cancer prevention and therapy. Provided here is a comprehensive summary of the current knowledge and inherent modes of action, focusing on the prenylated chalcones xanthohumol, desmethylxanthohumol, and xanthogalenol, as well as the prenylated flavonoids isoxanthohumol, 6-prenylnaringenin, 8-prenylnaringenin, 6-geranylnaringenin, 8-geranylnaringenin, and pomiferin.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University Hospital, Tuebingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Sascha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Venturelli
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University Hospital, Tuebingen, Germany; Division of Dermatologic Oncology, Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Markus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Burkard
authors.affiliation: HHV Hallertauer Hopfenveredelungsgesellschaft m.b.H., Mainburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Biendl
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University Hospital, Tuebingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Ulrich M
authors.initials: UM
authors.lastname: Lauer
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biological Chemistry and Nutrition, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany.
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Frank
authors.affiliation: Division of Dermatologic Oncology, Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany; Pallas Clinic, Winterthur, Switzerland. Electronic address: christian.busch@med.uni-tuebingen.de.
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Busch
mesh_terms: D001515:Beer / Q000032:analysis; D047188:Chalcones / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000145:classification; D019587:Dietary Supplements / Q000145:classification; D005260:Female; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000145:classification; D006801:Humans; D027582:Humulus / Q000737:chemistry; D008297:Male; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D054876:Prenylation
chemical_list: D047188:Chalcones; D005419:Flavonoids
keywords: Beer; Cancer; Hops; Prenylated chalcones; Prenylated flavonoids