title: Environmental occurrence and ecological risk assessment of organic UV filters in marine organisms from Hong Kong coastal waters.
abstract: Organic UV filters, now considered to be emerging contaminants in aquatic ecosystems, are being intensively tracked in environmental waters worldwide. However, their environmental fate and impact of these contaminants on marine organisms remains largely unknown, especially in Asia. This work elucidates the occurrence and the ecological risks of seven UV filters detected in farmed fish, wild mussels and some other wild organisms collected from local mariculture farms in Hong Kong. For all of the organisms, ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate (EHMC) and octyl dimethyl p-aminobenzoic acid (OD-PABA) were the predominant contaminants with the highest concentrations up to 51.3 and 24.1ng/g (dw), respectively; lower levels were found for benzophenone-8 (BP-8), octocrylene (OC) and benzophenone-3 (BP-3) from <LOQ to <14.4ng/g (dw); 4-methylbenzylidene camphor (4-MBC) and 3-benzylidene camphor (3-BC) were rarely detected. Additionally, the detection frequencies and measured concentrations of all targets were clearly higher in mussels than in fish. Spatial distribution of studied UV filters indicated a positive correlation between their measured concentrations and the anthropogenic activities responsible for their direct emission. The ecological risk assessment specific to the marine aquatic environment was carried out. The risk quotient (RQ) values of EHMC and BP-3 were calculated as 3.29 and 2.60, respectively, indicating these two UV filters may pose significant risks to the marine aquatic environment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
authors.forename: Ziye
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Sang
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; HKBU Institute of Research and Continuing Education, Shenzhen Virtual University Park, Shenzhen, PR China; School of Environment, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposure and Health, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China. Electronic address: s9362284@hkbu.edu.hk.
authors.forename: Kelvin Sze-Yin
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Leung
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017756:Aquaculture; D059001:Aquatic Organisms / Q000378:metabolism*; D049872:Bivalvia / Q000378:metabolism*; D005399:Fishes / Q000378:metabolism*; D006723:Hong Kong; D013473:Sunscreening Agents / Q000378:metabolism*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D013473:Sunscreening Agents; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical
keywords: Global comparison; Marine organisms; Occurrence monitoring; Risk quotient; Ultraviolet filters