title: Validation of NINDS-VCI Neuropsychology Protocols for Vascular Cognitive Impairment in Taiwan.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To validate the three time-difference neuropsychological protocols developed by the National Institute of Health/National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) and the Canadian Stroke Network for assessment of vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) in Mandarin-speaking subjects and to investigate the clinical application of the shortest form.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients aged 50 years or older who had a stroke were invited to participate in the study. Clinical diagnosis of VCI was made. The NINDS-VCI Neuropsychology Protocols, 60-, 30-, and two 5-minute protocols, were administered. The criteria validities of the cognitive protocols against the diagnoses of stroke and VCI were determined via Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis. The optimal cut-off point for the 5-minute protocols total score was estimated for clinical use in screening.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eighty-three patients and 53 controls were recruited during the study period. Patients with stroke performed more poorly than the control group in the three neuropsychological protocols. Forty-two patients with stroke were diagnosed with VCI. VCI was used as the standard to estimate the criteria validities. The area under the ROC curve was 0.78, 0.80, 0.75, and 0.73 for the 60-, 30-, 5-mintue protocol-A and 5-minute protocol-B, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These modified neuropsychological protocols can be used as valid instruments when performing comprehensive cognitive assessment or for screening of VCI in Taiwan.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.|Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Hsiu-Fen
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.|Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chang-Ming
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Chern
authors.affiliation: Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.|Department of Occupational Therapy, College of Health Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Hui-Mei
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.|Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.|Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yi-Chun
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Yeh
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.|Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Shu-Chih
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.affiliation: Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.|Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.|Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Mei-Feng
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.|Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Shuu-Jiun
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.|Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Cheng-Sheng
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.|Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Jong-Ling
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Fuh
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020521:Stroke / Q000523:psychology*; D013624:Taiwan