title: Failure of Femoral Access to Electrophysiological Evaluation Due to Aplasia of the Inferior Vena Cava.
abstract: We report an interesting case of a man with a persistent left superior vena cava (PLSVC) with left azygos vein who underwent electrophysiological evaluation. Further evaluation revealed congenital dilated azygos vein, while a segment connecting the inferior vena cava (IVC) to the hepatic vein and right atrium was missing. The azygos vein drained into the superior vena cava, and the hepatic veins drained directly into the right atrium. The patient did not have congenital anomalies of the remaining thoracoabdominal vasculature.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology and Angiology, University Hospital of Giessen and Marburg, Location Giessen, Germany.
authors.forename: Mariana S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Parahuleva
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology and Angiology, University Hospital of Giessen and Marburg, Location Giessen, Germany.
authors.forename: Mehmet
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Burgazli
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology and Angiology, University Hospital of Giessen and Marburg, Location Giessen, Germany.
authors.forename: Nedim
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Soydan
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology and Angiology, University Hospital of Giessen and Marburg, Location Giessen, Germany.
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Franzen
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology and Angiology, University Hospital of Giessen and Marburg, Location Giessen, Germany.
authors.forename: Norbert
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Güttler
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology and Angiology, University Hospital of Giessen and Marburg, Location Giessen, Germany.
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Erdogan
keywords: EP catheters; persistent left superior vena cava; v. azygos