title: Fluoride and calcium concentrations in the biofilm fluid after use of fluoridated dentifrices supplemented with polyphosphate salts.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The present study evaluated fluoride (F) and calcium (Ca) concentrations in the biofilm fluid formed in situ under cariogenic challenge after using F dentifrices supplemented or not with sodium trimetaphosphate (TMP) or calcium glycerophosphate (CaGP).
  
  
  METHODS
  Volunteers (n = 12) were randomly divided into 5 groups according to the toothpastes used: placebo (without F, CaGP or TMP), 1100 ppm F (1100F) and low-fluoride dentifrice (LFD, 550 ppm F) with no supplementation (550F) or supplemented with 1 % TMP (550F-TMP) or 0.25 % CaGP (550F-CaGP). In each phase, volunteers wore palatal appliances containing 4 bovine enamel blocks. Cariogenic challenge was performed with 30 % sucrose solution, 6 times/day. On the morning of the eigth day, biofilm samples were collected 12 h and 1 h after brushing and cariogenic challenge. F and Ca analyses in the biofilm fluid were performed with the inverted electrode after buffering with TISAB III and using the Arsenazo III method, respectively. Data were submitted to two-way ANOVA (repeated measures) and Student-Newman-Keuls test (p < 0.05).
  
  
  RESULTS
  A dose-response relationship was verified between F concentrations in the dentifrices and in the biofilm fluid. Significant differences were observed among placebo, 550F, and 1100F only 1 h after brushing, without statistical differences among 550F, 550F-TMP, and 550F-CaGP. No defined trend was observed among the groups regarding Ca concentrations, with the highest values seen for placebo and 550F-CaGP.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The anticaries effect of LFDs supplemented with CaGP or TMP cannot be related to an increased availability of F and Ca in the biofilm fluid.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The better performance of LFDs containing CaGP or TMP shown in previous studies should be attributed to their ability to interact with tooth enamel and with the biofilm, rather to their effect on the biofilm fluid.
authors.affiliation: Araçatuba Dental School, Univ Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araçatuba, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Mariana Emi
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Nagata
authors.affiliation: Araçatuba Dental School, Univ Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araçatuba, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Alberto Carlos Botazzo
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Delbem
authors.affiliation: Araçatuba Dental School, Univ Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araçatuba, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Kevin Bruce
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: Hall
authors.affiliation: Bauru Dental School, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marília Afonso Rabelo
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Buzalaf
authors.affiliation: Araçatuba Dental School, Univ Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araçatuba, SP, Brazil. jpessan@foa.unesp.br.|Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Public Health, Araçatuba Dental School, Univ Estadual Paulista (UNESP), José Bonifácio 1193, Araçatuba, SP, 16015-050, Brazil. jpessan@foa.unesp.br.
authors.forename: Juliano Pelim
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Pessan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D018441:Biofilms / Q000187:drug effects*; D002118:Calcium / Q000032:analysis*; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D003802:Dentifrices / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D005459:Fluorides / Q000032:analysis*; D005994:Glycerophosphates / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011122:Polyphosphates / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014099:Toothbrushing
chemical_list: D003802:Dentifrices; D005994:Glycerophosphates; D011122:Polyphosphates; C009293:trimetaphosphoric acid; D005459:Fluorides; D002118:Calcium
keywords: Biofilm fluid; Calcium glycerophosphate; Dentifrice; Fluoride; Sodium trimetaphosphate