title: Decreasing but still significant facilitation effect of cold-season macrophytes on wetlands purification function during cold winter.
abstract: To identify the facilitation effect of a cool-season aquatic macrophyte (FEam) for use in effluent purification via constructed floating wetlands (CFWs) and to determine the possible pathways used during a winter period with an average temperature of less than 5 °C, pilot-scale CFWs were planted with the cold-season macrophyte Oenanthe clecumbens and were operated as batch systems. Although some leaves withered, the roots retained relatively high levels of activity during the winter, which had average air and water temperatures of 3.63 and 5.04 °C, respectively. The N and P removal efficiencies in CFWs decreased significantly in winter relative to those in late autumn. The presence of cool-season plants resulted in significant improvements in N and P removal, with a FEam of 15.23-25.86% in winter. Microbial N removal accounted for 71.57% of the total N removed in winter, and the decrease in plant uptake was the dominant factor in the wintertime decrease in N removal relative to that in late autumn. These results demonstrate the importance of cold-season plants in CFWs for the treatment of secondary effluent during cold winters.
authors.affiliation: School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210046, PR China.
authors.forename: Xiangxu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zou
authors.affiliation: School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210046, PR China.
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210046, PR China.
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zuo
authors.affiliation: School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210046, PR China.
authors.forename: Penghe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210046, PR China.
authors.forename: Dehua
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210046, PR China.
authors.forename: Shuqing
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: An
mesh_terms: D057005:Bioengineering / Q000379:methods; D002681:China; D003080:Cold Temperature; D006801:Humans; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000378:metabolism; D031050:Oenanthe / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*; D010758:Phosphorus / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000378:metabolism; D012621:Seasons; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid; D062065:Wastewater / Q000737:chemistry; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000378:metabolism; D018508:Water Purification / Q000379:methods*; D053833:Wetlands
chemical_list: D009584:Nitrogen; D010758:Phosphorus; D062065:Wastewater; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical