title: Secretion of N- and O-linked Glycoproteins from 4T1 Murine Mammary Carcinoma Cells.
abstract: Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers that affect women globally and accounts for ~23% of all cancers diagnosed in women. Breast cancer is also one of the leading causes of death primarily due to late stage diagnoses and a lack of effective treatments. Therefore, discovering protein expression biomarkers is mandatory for early detection and thus, critical for successful therapy. Two-dimensional electrophoresis (2D-E) coupled with lectin-based analysis followed by mass spectrometry were applied to identify potential biomarkers in the secretions of a murine mammary carcinoma cell line. Comparisons of the protein profiles of the murine 4T1 mammary carcinoma cell line and a normal murine MM3MG mammary cell line indicated that cadherin-1 (CDH), collagenase 3 (MMP-13), Viral envelope protein G7e (VEP), Gag protein (GAG) and Hypothetical protein LOC433182 (LOC) were uniquely expressed by the 4T1 cells, and pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) was exclusively secreted by the MM3MG cells. Further analysis by a lectin-based study revealed that aberrant O-glycosylated CDH, N-glycosylated MMP-13 and LOC were present in the 4T1 medium. These differentially expressed N- and O-linked glycoprotein candidates, which were identified by combining lectin-based analysis with 2D-E, could serve as potential diagnostic and prognostic markers for breast cancer.
authors.affiliation: 1. Department of Oral Biology & Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Wai-Mei
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Phang
authors.affiliation: 2. Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Aik-Aun
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.affiliation: 3. Institute of Nano Electronic Engineering (INEE), Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 01000 Kangar, Perlis, Malaysia; 4. School of Bioprocess Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Subash C B
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Gopinath
authors.affiliation: 5. Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Onn H
authors.initials: OH
authors.lastname: Hashim
authors.affiliation: 6. Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Lik Voon
authors.initials: LV
authors.lastname: Kiew
authors.affiliation: 1. Department of Oral Biology & Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; 7. Oral Cancer Research and Coordinating Centre, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Yeng
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015820:Cadherins / Q000378:metabolism; D002460:Cell Line; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D015180:Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional; D005136:Eye Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D015683:Gene Products, gag / Q000378:metabolism; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D015674:Mammary Neoplasms, Animal / Q000378:metabolism*; D053509:Matrix Metalloproteinase 13 / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D040901:Proteomics; D015843:Serpins / Q000378:metabolism; D014759:Viral Envelope Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D000099174:Pigment Epithelium-Derived Factor
chemical_list: D015820:Cadherins; D005136:Eye Proteins; D015683:Gene Products, gag; D006023:Glycoproteins; D053509:Matrix Metalloproteinase 13; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors; D015843:Serpins; D014759:Viral Envelope Proteins; D000099174:Pigment Epithelium-Derived Factor
keywords: Breast cancer; Glycosylation; Lectin; Murine