title: The Effect of Obesity on Perioperative Outcomes Following Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy.
abstract: To test if obesity predisposes to higher rates of adverse outcomes after percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL).
  
  
  
  Within the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS), we identified patients treated with PCNL between 1998 and 2010 for kidney stones. We examined the temporal trends in PCNL use and charges among obese and nonobese patients. We then tested the effect of obesity on perioperative complications, transfusions, length of stay (LOS), and total hospital charges (THCs). LOS and THCs were defined as a continuous variable and were also dichotomized according to the 75th percentile into prolonged LOS (pLOS) and increased THCs (iTHCs). Then, multivariable models were fitted.
  
  
  
  Overall, a weighted sample of 90,529 individuals treated with PCNL between 1998 and 2010 was examined. Of those patients, 9300 were obese (10.3%). The proportion of PCNLs performed in obese patients increased throughout the years from 7.4% to 16.7% (p < 0.001). Overall complication rates were 21.6% vs 22.0% (p = 0.3) and transfusion rates were 4.3% vs 4.0% (p = 0.1) for obese and nonobese patients, respectively. Obese patients had fewer genitourinary complications (13.4% vs 15.0%, p < 0.001), but had higher rates of sepsis (1.7% vs 1.3%, p = 0.009) as well as respiratory (3.0% vs 2.5%, p = 0.002) and vascular complications (0.3% vs 0.2%, p = 0.007). Conversely, pLOS (20.9% vs 18.8%, p < 0.001) and iTHCs (30.8% vs 24.4%, p < 0.001) were more frequently recorded in obese patients. In multivariable analyses, obesity was neither associated with higher rates of overall complications (odds ratio [OR], p = 0.3) nor with higher rates of transfusions (p = 0.3). However, obesity was associated with pLOS (OR: 1.21, p = 0.002) as well as iTHCs (OR: 1.17, p = 0.002).
  
  
  
  PCNL in obese patients did not result in higher rates of individual complications or transfusions. However, it resulted in higher rates of pLOS and iTHCs.
authors.affiliation: 1 Cancer Prognostics and Health Outcomes Unit, University of Montreal Health Center , Montreal, Canada .|2 Department of Urology, University of Montreal Health Center , Montreal, Canada .
authors.forename: Vincent
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Trudeau
authors.affiliation: 1 Cancer Prognostics and Health Outcomes Unit, University of Montreal Health Center , Montreal, Canada .|2 Department of Urology, University of Montreal Health Center , Montreal, Canada .
authors.forename: Pierre I
authors.initials: PI
authors.lastname: Karakiewicz
authors.affiliation: 1 Cancer Prognostics and Health Outcomes Unit, University of Montreal Health Center , Montreal, Canada .|3 Martini-Clinic, Prostate Cancer Center Hamburg-Eppendorf , Hamburg, Germany .
authors.forename: Katharina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Boehm
authors.affiliation: 1 Cancer Prognostics and Health Outcomes Unit, University of Montreal Health Center , Montreal, Canada .|4 Division of Oncology, Unit of Urology, URI, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele , Milan, Italy .
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Dell'Oglio
authors.affiliation: 1 Cancer Prognostics and Health Outcomes Unit, University of Montreal Health Center , Montreal, Canada .|5 Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University , Montreal, Canada .
authors.forename: Zhe
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.affiliation: 4 Division of Oncology, Unit of Urology, URI, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele , Milan, Italy .
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Briganti
authors.affiliation: 6 Department of Urology, Medical University of Vienna , Vienna, Austria .
authors.forename: Shahrokh F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Shariat
authors.affiliation: 2 Department of Urology, University of Montreal Health Center , Montreal, Canada .
authors.forename: Luc
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Valiquette
authors.affiliation: 2 Department of Urology, University of Montreal Health Center , Montreal, Canada .
authors.forename: Naeem
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Bhojani
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001803:Blood Transfusion / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D015897:Comorbidity; D016208:Databases, Factual; D005260:Female; D017722:Hospital Charges / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D007669:Kidney Calculi / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000601:surgery*; D007902:Length of Stay / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009403:Nephrostomy, Percutaneous / Q000379:methods*; D009765:Obesity / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult