title: Who walks into vape shops in Southern California?: a naturalistic observation of customers.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The rising popularity of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) has been accompanied by the proliferation of vape shops in the United States. Vape shops are devoted to the sale of e-cigarettes and e-juices. This study aimed to describe the age, gender, and ethnicity of customers who frequent these shops, determine whether conversations transpire between retailers and customers, as well as identify the types of activities taking place while customers are inside the store.
  
  
  METHODS
  A naturalistic observation study of 186 customers in 59 vape shops in Southern California was completed in locations that were relatively high in Korean, Non-Hispanic white, Hispanic, or African American ethnicity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Across all shops, the average estimated age of customers was 30.29 years old (SD = 9.70), 53 % were estimated to be non-Hispanic white, and 79 % were males; few minors entered the shops. Conversations about vaping related topics were prevalent (e.g., sampling e-juices, receiving help on hardware, and talking about vaping). Purchases were commonly observed as well as customers lounging in the shop.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Vape shops provide consumers a place to purchase and discuss e-cigarettes and offer an environment that serves as a place of recreation with customers lounging once inside. Findings should inform local tobacco control efforts and regulatory policies in the future.
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, 2001 N. Soto Street, SSB 302A, Los Angeles, CA 90032 USA ; Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA USA ; University of Southern California, School of Social Work, Los Angeles, CA USA.
authors.forename: Steve
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sussman
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, 2001 N. Soto Street, SSB 302A, Los Angeles, CA 90032 USA.
authors.forename: Jon-Patrick
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Allem
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, 2001 N. Soto Street, SSB 302A, Los Angeles, CA 90032 USA.
authors.forename: Jocelyn
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Garcia
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, 2001 N. Soto Street, SSB 302A, Los Angeles, CA 90032 USA.
authors.forename: Jennifer B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Unger
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, 2001 N. Soto Street, SSB 302A, Los Angeles, CA 90032 USA.
authors.forename: Tess Boley
authors.initials: TB
authors.lastname: Cruz
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, 2001 N. Soto Street, SSB 302A, Los Angeles, CA 90032 USA.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Garcia
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, 2001 N. Soto Street, SSB 302A, Los Angeles, CA 90032 USA ; Department of Sociology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA USA.
authors.forename: Lourdes
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Baezconde-Garbanati
keywords: E-cigarette; Electronic cigarette; Retail; Tobacco regulation; Vape shop