title: Effect of photodynamic therapy for the treatment of halitosis in adolescents - a controlled, microbiological, clinical trial.
abstract: Halitosis can exert a negative influence on the social relations of adolescents and affect one's self-image. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical and microbiological effect of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) on halitosis in adolescents. Forty-six individuals aged 12 to 19 years were randomly allocated: Group 1 - treatment with photodynamic therapy; Group 2 - treatment with a tongue scraper and Group 3 - treatment with a tongue scraper and photodynamic therapy. The count of bacterial colony-forming units per milliliter was used for the microbiological analysis. Statistical analysis involved the Kruskal-Wallis test followed by the Student-Newman-Keuls test. ANOVA was used for the determination of colony-forming units after treatment. The level of significance for all statistical tests was 5% (p < 0.05). After treatment, a statistically significant reduction in total volatile sulfur compounds was found in all groups (p < 0.001), with the largest reduction (median: 0) found in Group 3 (tongue scraper and photodynamic therapy). Moreover, a statistically significant difference was found between treatment with aPDT and a tongue scraper alone (p < 0.001). The present findings demonstrate an option for the treatment of halitosis in adolescents, with an immediate effect and without the mechanical aggression to the toungue. Clinical Trials: NCT02007993.
authors.affiliation: Biophotonics Applied to Science Health, Nove de Julho Universit, R. Vergueiro 235, São Paulo, Brasil.
authors.forename: Ana Carolina
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Costa da Mota
authors.affiliation: Biophotonics Applied to Science Health, Nove de Julho Universit, R. Vergueiro 235, São Paulo, Brasil.
authors.forename: Cristiane Miranda
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: França
authors.affiliation: Biophotonics Applied to Science Health, Nove de Julho Universit, R. Vergueiro 235, São Paulo, Brasil.
authors.forename: Renato
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Prates
authors.affiliation: Biophotonics Applied to Science Health, Nove de Julho Universit, R. Vergueiro 235, São Paulo, Brasil.
authors.forename: Alessandro Melo
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Deana
authors.affiliation: Biophotonics Applied to Science Health, Nove de Julho Universit, R. Vergueiro 235, São Paulo, Brasil.
authors.forename: Larissa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Costa Santos
authors.affiliation: Biophotonics Applied to Science Health, Nove de Julho Universit, R. Vergueiro 235, São Paulo, Brasil.
authors.forename: Rubia
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lopes Garcia
authors.affiliation: Biophotonics Applied to Science Health, Nove de Julho Universit, R. Vergueiro 235, São Paulo, Brasil.
authors.forename: Marcela Letícia
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Leal Gonçalves
authors.affiliation: Biophotonics Applied to Science Health, Nove de Julho Universit, R. Vergueiro 235, São Paulo, Brasil.
authors.forename: Raquel Agnelli
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Mesquita Ferrari
authors.affiliation: Biophotonics Applied to Science Health, Nove de Julho Universit, R. Vergueiro 235, São Paulo, Brasil.
authors.forename: Kristianne
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Porta Santos Fernandes
authors.affiliation: Biophotonics Applied to Science Health, Nove de Julho Universit, R. Vergueiro 235, São Paulo, Brasil.
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kalil Bussadori
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006209:Halitosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010778:Photochemotherapy; D013457:Sulfur Compounds / Q000032:analysis; D014059:Tongue / Q000382:microbiology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D013457:Sulfur Compounds
keywords: Halitosis; adolescent; laser; photodynamic therapy; tongue