title: Bilingual Text4Walking Food Service Employee Intervention Pilot Study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Half of all adults in the United States do not meet the level of recommended aerobic physical activity. Physical activity interventions are now being conducted in the workplace. Accessible technology, in the form of widespread usage of cell phones and text messaging, is available for promoting physical activity.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The purposes of this study, which was conducted in the workplace, were to determine (1) the feasibility of implementing a bilingual 12-week Text4Walking intervention and (2) the effect of the Text4Walking intervention on change in physical activity and health status in a food service employee population.
  
  
  METHODS
  Before conducting the study reported here, the Text4Walking research team developed a database of motivational physical activity text messages in English. Because Hispanic or Latino adults compose one-quarter of all adults employed in the food service industry, the Text4Walking team translated the physical activity text messages into Spanish. This pilot study was guided by the Physical Activity Health Promotion Framework and used a 1-group 12-week pre- and posttest design with food service employees who self-reported as being sedentary. The aim of the study was to increase the number of daily steps over the baseline by 3000 steps. Three physical activity text messages were delivered weekly. In addition, participants received 3 motivational calls during the study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  SPSS version 19.0 and R 3.0 were used to perform the data analysis. There were 33 employees who participated in the study (57.6% female), with a mean age of 43.7 years (SD 8.4). The study included 11 Hispanic or Latino participants, 8 of whom requested that the study be delivered in Spanish. There was a 100% retention rate in the study. At baseline, the participants walked 102 (SD 138) minutes/day (per self-report). This rate increased significantly (P=.008) to 182 (SD 219) minutes/day over the course of the study. The participants had a baseline mean of 10,416 (SD 5097) steps, which also increased significantly (P=.017) to 12,540 (SD 5149). They significantly improved their performance on their aerobic fitness test (P<.001). The participants had a baseline mean systolic blood pressure of 120 mm Hg and diastolic blood pressure of 76 mm Hg, a mean body mass index of 29.29 kg/m2, and a mean waist circumference of 36.95 inches, without significant changes seen at 12 weeks.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We were able to conduct a motivational physical activity text messaging intervention within the workplace setting. Both physical activity and aerobic fitness improved. However, at baseline, participants were more active than they perceived themselves to be. Although there is insufficient evidence to draw strong conclusions about the study findings, it would be useful to test this physical activity text messaging intervention in a sedentary sample within a larger workplace intervention study trial conducted over a longer time frame.
authors.affiliation: Rush University, College of Nursing, Chicago, IL, United States. susan_buchholz@rush.edu.
authors.forename: Susan Weber
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6311-9709
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Buchholz
authors.forename: Diana
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9080-3269
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ingram
authors.forename: JoEllen
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-8837
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wilbur
authors.forename: Louis
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5404-2618
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Fogg
authors.forename: Giselle
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9088-7025
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sandi
authors.forename: Angela
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6503-0129
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Moss
authors.forename: Edith V
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5949-9534
authors.initials: EV
authors.lastname: Ocampo
keywords: Spanish; employee; feasibility; food service; physical activity; text messaging; workplace