title: Estimating peak oxygen uptake based on postexercise measurements in swimming.
abstract: To assess the validity of postexercise measurements in estimating peak oxygen uptake (V̇O2peak) in swimming, we compared oxygen uptake (V̇O2) measurements during supramaximal exercise with various commonly adopted methods, including a recently developed heart rate - V̇O2 modelling procedure. Thirty-one elite swimmers performed a 200-m maximal swim where V̇O2 was measured breath-by-breath using a portable gas analyzer connected to a respiratory snorkel, 1 min before, during, and 3 min postexercise. V̇O2peak(-20-0) was the average of the last 20 s of effort. The following postexercise measures were compared: (i) first 20-s average (V̇O2peak(0-20)); (ii) linear backward extrapolation (BE) of the first 20 s (BE(20)), 30 s, and 3 × 20-, 4 × 20-, and 3 or 4 × 20-s averages; (iii) semilogarithmic BE at 20 s (LOG(20)) and at the other same time intervals as in linear BE; and (iv) predicted V̇O2peak using mathematical modelling (pV̇O2(0-20)]. Repeated-measures ANOVA and post-hoc Bonferroni tests compared V̇O2peak (criterion) and each estimated value. Pearson's coefficient of determination (r(2)) was used to assess correlation. Exercise V̇O2peak(-20-0) (mean ± SD 3531 ± 738 mL·min(-1)) was not different (p > 0.30) from pV̇O2(0-20) (3571 ± 735 mL·min(-1)), BE(20) (3617 ± 708 mL·min(-1)), or LOG(20) (3627 ± 746 mL·min(-1)). pV̇O2(0-20) was very strongly correlated with exercise V̇O2peak (r(2) = 0.962; p < 0.001), and showed a low standard error of the estimate (146 mL·min(-1), 4.1%) and the lowest mean difference (40 mL·min(-1); 1.1%). We confirm that the new modelling procedure based on postexercise V̇O2 and heart rate measurements is a valid and accurate procedure for estimating V̇O2peak in swimmers and avoids the estimation bias produced by other methods.
authors.affiliation: a INEFC-Barcelona Sport Sciences Research Group, Institut Nacional d'Educació Física de Catalunya, Universitat de Barcelona. Av. de l'Estadi, 12-22, 08038 Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Diego
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Chaverri
authors.affiliation: a INEFC-Barcelona Sport Sciences Research Group, Institut Nacional d'Educació Física de Catalunya, Universitat de Barcelona. Av. de l'Estadi, 12-22, 08038 Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Xavier
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Iglesias
authors.affiliation: b Institut für Physiologie und Anatomie, Deutsche Sporthochschule Köln, Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, 50933 Köln, Germany.
authors.forename: Thorsten
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Schuller
authors.affiliation: b Institut für Physiologie und Anatomie, Deutsche Sporthochschule Köln, Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, 50933 Köln, Germany.
authors.forename: Uwe
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Hoffmann
authors.affiliation: a INEFC-Barcelona Sport Sciences Research Group, Institut Nacional d'Educació Física de Catalunya, Universitat de Barcelona. Av. de l'Estadi, 12-22, 08038 Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Ferran A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Rodríguez
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015992:Body Mass Index; D005080:Exercise Test; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D010101:Oxygen Consumption; D013550:Swimming / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: V̇O2max; backward extrapolation; cinétique de la fréquence cardiaque; cinétique de l’oxygène; heart rate; modelling; modélisation; oxygen kinetics; rythme cardiaque; rétroextrapolation