title: Tethered 3-min all-out test did not predict the traditional critical force parameters in inexperienced swimmers.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Critical power model can be performed in tethered swimming (i.e. critical force model). Although critical force can be used to prescribe aerobic training, its determination depends on at least three exhaustive efforts in altered days. In this context, previously studies have demonstrate that critical power model can be estimated by a single 3-min all-out test (3MT), which was not investigated in swimming yet. Thus, the aim of this study was to compare the parameters obtained during the tethered swimming 3MT to those obtained during the traditional critical force model.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seven swimmers (four female and three male) underwent a tethered swimming 3MT and three exhaustive efforts to determine the traditional critical force parameters (i.e. critical force [CF] and anaerobic impulse capacity [AIC]).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The critical force (CF3-MIN) and force-time integral above the CF3-MIN (AIC3-MIN) determined during the tethered 3MT were not different to CF and AIC, respectively (P value >0.55). However, these parameters were not correlated (P value >0.45). In addition, we verified large limits of agreement between CF3MIN and CF (±19.7 N), which was also observed between AIC3MIN and AIC (±0.84 Log[N·min]).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings demonstrated that tethered 3MTs should not be used to predict traditional critical force parameters, at least when the swimmers are inexperienced in long tethered all-out efforts.
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation and Functional Performance, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.
authors.forename: Carlos A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Kalva-Filho
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Education, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Bauru, Brazil.
authors.forename: Alessandro M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Zagatto
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation and Functional Performance, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.|School of Physical Education and Sports of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.
authors.forename: Adelino S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: da Silva
authors.affiliation: Department of Movement Science, São Paulo State University, Rio Claro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Monique Y
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Castanho de Araújo
authors.affiliation: School of Physical Education and Sports of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.
authors.forename: Pablo B
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: de Almeida
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation and Functional Performance, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil - mpapoti@yahoo.com.br.|School of Physical Education and Sports of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marcelo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Papoti
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D015308:Anaerobic Threshold / Q000502:physiology*; D054874:Athletic Performance / Q000502:physiology*; D005080:Exercise Test / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010807:Physical Endurance / Q000502:physiology*; D013550:Swimming / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult