title: Neurodevelopmental Problems in Non-Syndromic Craniosynostosis.
abstract: Craniosynostosis is the premature fusion of calvarial sutures, resulting in deformed craniofacial appearance. Hence, for a long time, it has been considered an aesthetic disorder. Fused sutures restrict growth adjacent to the suture, but compensatory skull growth occurs to accommodate the growing brain. The primary goal for the management of this craniofacial deformity has been to release the constricted skull and reform the distorted shape of the skull vault. However, the intellectual and behavioral prognosis of affected children has also been taken into consideration since the beginning of the modern era of surgical management of craniosynostosis. A growing body of literature indicates that extensive surgery, such as the whole-vault cranioplasty approach, would result in better outcomes. In addition, the age at treatment is becoming a major concern for optimal outcome in terms of cosmetic results as well as neurodevelopment. This review will discuss major concerns regarding neurodevelopmental issues and related factors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Craniofacial Reforming and Reconstruction Clinic, Severance Children's Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Kyu-Won
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Shim
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Craniofacial Reforming and Reconstruction Clinic, Severance Children's Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Eun-Kyung
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Craniofacial Reforming and Reconstruction Clinic, Severance Children's Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Ju-Seong
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Craniofacial Reforming and Reconstruction Clinic, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Yong-Oock
authors.initials: YO
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Craniofacial Reforming and Reconstruction Clinic, Severance Children's Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Dong-Seok
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Kim
keywords: Cognitive outcome; Craniosynostosis; Neurodevelopment