title: Neuroanatomy and Physiology of Brain Dysfunction in Sepsis.
abstract: Sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE), a complication of sepsis, is often complicated by acute and long-term brain dysfunction. SAE is associated with electroencephalogram pattern changes and abnormal neuroimaging findings. The major processes involved are neuroinflammation, circulatory dysfunction, and excitotoxicity. Neuroinflammation and microcirculatory alterations are diffuse, whereas excitotoxicity might occur in more specific structures involved in the response to stress and the control of vital functions. A dysfunction of the brainstem, amygdala, and hippocampus might account for the increased mortality, psychological disorders, and cognitive impairment. This review summarizes clinical and paraclinical features of SAE and describes its mechanisms at cellular and structural levels.
authors.affiliation: Institut Pasteur - Unité Histopathologie Humaine et Modèles Animaux, Département Infection et Épidémiologie, Rue du docteur roux, Paris 75724 Cedex 15, France; Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris Descartes University, Rue de l'école de médecine, Paris 75006, France; General Intensive Care, Assistance Publique Hopitaux de Paris, Raymond Poincaré Teaching Hosptal, Garches 92380, France.
authors.forename: Aurelien
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mazeraud
authors.affiliation: Institut Pasteur - Unité Histopathologie Humaine et Modèles Animaux, Département Infection et Épidémiologie, Rue du docteur roux, Paris 75724 Cedex 15, France.
authors.forename: Quentin
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Pascal
authors.affiliation: Institut Pasteur - Unité Histopathologie Humaine et Modèles Animaux, Département Infection et Épidémiologie, Rue du docteur roux, Paris 75724 Cedex 15, France; Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris Descartes University, Rue de l'école de médecine, Paris 75006, France.
authors.forename: Franck
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Verdonk
authors.affiliation: General Intensive Care, Assistance Publique Hopitaux de Paris, Raymond Poincaré Teaching Hosptal, Garches 92380, France.
authors.forename: Nicholas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Heming
authors.affiliation: Institut Pasteur - Unité Histopathologie Humaine et Modèles Animaux, Département Infection et Épidémiologie, Rue du docteur roux, Paris 75724 Cedex 15, France; Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris Descartes University, Rue de l'école de médecine, Paris 75006, France; Laboratoire de Neuropathologie, Centre Hospitalier Sainte Anne, 1 rue cabanis, Paris 75014, France.
authors.forename: Fabrice
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Chrétien
authors.affiliation: Institut Pasteur - Unité Histopathologie Humaine et Modèles Animaux, Département Infection et Épidémiologie, Rue du docteur roux, Paris 75724 Cedex 15, France; General Intensive Care, Assistance Publique Hopitaux de Paris, Raymond Poincaré Teaching Hosptal, Garches 92380, France; Versailles-Saint Quentin University, Avenue de Paris, Versailles 78000, France. Electronic address: tarek.sharshar@rpc.aphp.fr.
authors.forename: Tarek
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sharshar
mesh_terms: D001927:Brain Diseases / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D008833:Microcirculation; D009445:Neuroanatomy; D018805:Sepsis / Q000150:complications*
keywords: Amygdala; Hippocampus; Neuroanatomy; Neuroinflammation; Sepsis; Sepsis-associated encephalopathy