title: The Smart Programmable CRISPR Technology: A Next Generation Genome Editing Tool for Investigators.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The present era is fast experiencing rapid innovation in the genome-editing technology. CRISPR Cas9-mediated targeted genetic manipulation is an easy, cost-effective and scalable method. As a result, it can be used for a broad range of targeted genome engineering.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The main objective of the present review is to highlight the structural signature, classification, its mechanism and application from basic science to medicine and future challenges for this genome editing tool kit.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The present review provides a brief description of the recent development of CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing technology. We discuss the paradigms shift for this next generation genome editing technology, CRISPR. The CRISPR structural significance, classification and its different applications are also being discussed. We portray the future challenges for this extraordinary genome in vivo editing tool. We also highlight the role of CRISPR genome editing in curing many diseases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Scientists and researchers are constantly looking one genome editing tool that is competent, simple and low-cost assembly of nucleases. It can target any particular site without any off-target mutations in the genome. The CRISPR-Cas9 has all of the above characteristics. The genome engineering technology may be a strong and inspiring technology meant for the next generation of drug development.
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioinformatics, School of Computer and Information Sciences, Galgotias University, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Chiranjib
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chakraborty
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 56000 Kuala Lumpur. Malaysia.
authors.forename: Seong Lin
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Teoh
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 56000 Kuala Lumpur. Malaysia.
authors.forename: Srijit
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Das
mesh_terms: D064130:CRISPR-Associated Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D064113:CRISPR-Cas Systems; D064112:Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats / Q000235:genetics*; D000072669:Gene Editing; D005818:Genetic Engineering / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans
chemical_list: D064130:CRISPR-Associated Proteins
keywords: Applications; CRISPR; Cas9; genome editing; medicine; technology