title: Prevalence, Correlates, and Impact of Uncorrected Presbyopia in a Multiethnic Asian Population.
abstract: To examine the prevalence, correlates, and impact of uncorrected presbyopia on vision-specific functioning (VF) in a multiethnic Asian population.
  
  
  
  Population-based cross-sectional study.
  
  
  
  We included 7890 presbyopic subjects (3909 female; age range, 40-86 years) of Malay, Indian, and Chinese ethnicities from the Singapore Epidemiology of Eye Disease study. Presbyopia was classified as corrected and uncorrected based on self-reported near correction use. VF was assessed with the VF-11 questionnaire validated using Rasch analysis. Multivariable logistic and linear regression models were used to investigate the associations of sociodemographic and clinical parameters with uncorrected presbyopia, and its impact on VF, respectively. As myopia may mitigate the impact of noncorrection, we performed a subgroup analysis on myopic subjects only (n = 2742).
  
  
  
  In total, 2678 of 7890 subjects (33.9%) had uncorrected presbyopia. In multivariable models, younger age, male sex, Malay and Indian ethnicities, presenting distance visual impairment (any eye), and lower education and income levels were associated with higher odds of uncorrected presbyopia (all P < .05). Compared with corrected presbyopia, noncorrection was associated with worse overall VF and reduced ability to perform individual near and distance vision-specific tasks even after adjusting for distance VA and other confounders (all P < .05). Results were very similar for myopic individuals.
  
  
  
  One-third of presbyopic Singaporean adults did not have near correction. Given its detrimental impact on both near and distance VF, public health strategies to increase uptake of presbyopic correction in younger individuals, male individuals, and those of Malay and Indian ethnicities are needed.
authors.affiliation: Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore.
authors.forename: Ryan Eyn
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Kidd Man
authors.affiliation: Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore; Centre for Eye Research Australia, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.
authors.forename: Eva Katie
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Fenwick
authors.affiliation: Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore; Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.
authors.forename: Charumathi
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sabanayagam
authors.affiliation: Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore.
authors.forename: Ling-Jun
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore.
authors.forename: Preeti
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.affiliation: Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore.
authors.forename: Yih-Chung
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Tham
authors.affiliation: Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore; Centre for Eye Research Australia, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore; Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore; National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
authors.forename: Tien Yin
authors.initials: TY
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.affiliation: Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore; Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore; National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
authors.forename: Ching-Yu
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore; Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore; Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore; National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore. Electronic address: ecosse.lamoureux@seri.com.sg.
authors.forename: Ecosse Luc
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Lamoureux
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D044466:Asian People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D002681:China / Q000208:ethnology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007194:India / Q000208:ethnology; D007214:Indonesia / Q000208:ethnology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011305:Presbyopia / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015995:Prevalence; D012424:Rural Population / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012846:Singapore / Q000453:epidemiology; D014792:Visual Acuity