title: Cholestasis in Preterm Infants.
abstract: Cholestasis in preterm infants has a multifactorial etiology. Risk factors include degree of prematurity, lack of enteral feeding, intestinal injury, prolonged use of parenteral nutrition (PN), and sepsis. Soy-based parenteral lipid emulsions have been implicated in the pathophysiology of PN-associated liver injury. Inflammation plays an important role. Medical therapies are used; however, their effects have not consistently proven effective. Evaluation of cholestasis involves laboratory work; direct bilirubin levels are used for diagnosis and trending. Adverse outcomes include risk for hepatobiliary dysfunction, irreversible liver failure, and death. Early enteral feedings as tolerated is the best way to prevent and manage cholestasis.
authors.affiliation: Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, 2450 Riverside Avenue, 6th Floor, East Building, Delivery Code: 8952A, Minneapolis, MN 55454, USA. Electronic address: ksatrom@umn.edu.
authors.forename: Katie
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Satrom
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, 2450 Riverside Avenue, 6th Floor, East Building, 8952A, Minneapolis, MN 55454, USA.
authors.forename: Glenn
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gourley
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002511:Cephalosporins / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002779:Cholestasis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D004750:Enteral Nutrition; D020345:Enterocolitis, Necrotizing / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005217:Fat Emulsions, Intravenous / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015725:Fluconazole / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005767:Gastrointestinal Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature; D010288:Parenteral Nutrition / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012307:Risk Factors; D018805:Sepsis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000935:Antifungal Agents; D002511:Cephalosporins; D005217:Fat Emulsions, Intravenous; D015725:Fluconazole
keywords: Cholestasis; Direct hyperbilirubinemia; Intestinal failure; Jaundice; Parenteral nutrition associated liver disease (PNALD); Preterm infant; Sepsis; Short bowel syndrome (SBS)