title: A review of extensive variation in the design of pitfall traps and a proposal for a standard pitfall trap design for monitoring ground-active arthropod biodiversity.
abstract: To understand change in global biodiversity patterns requires large-scale, long-term monitoring. The ability to draw meaningful comparison across studies is severely hampered by extensive variation in the design of the sampling equipment and how it is used. Here, we present a meta-analysis and description highlighting this variation in a common, widely used entomological survey technique. We report a decline in the completeness of methodological reporting over a 20-year period, while there has been no clear reduction in the methodological variation between researchers using pitfall traps for arthropod sampling. There is a growing need for improved comparability between studies to facilitate the generation of large-scale, long-term biodiversity datasets. However, our results show that, counterproductive to this goal, over the last 20 years there has little progress in reducing the methodological variation. We propose a standardized pitfall trap design for the study of ground-active arthropods. In addition, we provide a table to promote a more standardized reporting of the key methodological variables. Widespread adoption of more standardized methods and reporting would facilitate more nuanced analysis of biodiversity change.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Biological Diversity University of St Andrews Sir Harold Mitchell Building St Andrews KY16 9TH UK.
authors.forename: Grant R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.affiliation: Centre for Biological Diversity University of St Andrews Sir Harold Mitchell Building St Andrews KY16 9TH UK.
authors.forename: Iain M
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Matthews
keywords: Araneae; biodiversity sampling; carabidae; formicidae; pitfall trap; standard design