title: Antinociceptive Effect of Racemic Flurbiprofen and Caffeine Co-Administration in an Arthritic Gout-Type Pain in Rats.
abstract: Preclinical Research Drug combinations are routinely used in the treatment of pain. In drug associations, adjuvants such as caffeine, are employed with different non-steroidal anti-inflammatories drugs (NSAIDs), however, at present does not exist studies showing the effect of the combination of racemic flurbiprofen (rac-Flur) in association with caffeine. The objective of this work was to evaluate the combination of rac-Flur + caffeine oral in arthritic gout-type pain in rats. The antinociceptive effects of the rac-Flur alone and in combination with caffeine were analyzed on a pain-induced functional impairment model in rat. rac-Flur induced a dose-dependent antinociceptive effect and caffeine did not present any effect. The combination of rac-Flur and caffeine achieve a higher percentage of antinociceptive effect compared with the individual administration of rac-Flur. The dose-response curve (DRCs) shows that the combination of rac-Flur (31.6 mg/kg) + caffeine (17.8 mg/kg) exhibited the maximal antinociceptive efficacy (294.0 ± 21.2 area units), while rac-Flur alone (31.6 mg/kg) showed 207.2 ± 35.2 au, thus indicating an increase in efficacy (potentiation). Furthermore, the DRCs of the combinations presented a displacement to the left, indicating a change in the potency. Caffeine is able to increase the effect of rac-Flur in the arthritic gout-type pain in rats. Drug Dev Res 77 : 192-198, 2016.   © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
authors.affiliation: Doctorado en Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Xochimilco, CDMX, 04960, México.
authors.forename: Ricardo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Liévano-Reyes
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Sistemas Biológicos, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Xochimilco, CDMX, 04960, México.
authors.forename: Hermínia Ines
authors.initials: HI
authors.lastname: Pérez-Méndez
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Sistemas Biológicos, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Xochimilco, CDMX, 04960, México.
authors.forename: Aida
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Solís-Oba
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio No.7 "Dolor y Analgesia" del Departamento de Farmacobiología, Cinvestav-Sede Sur, Calz. de los Tenorios No. 235, Col., Granjas Coapa, CDMX, 14330, México.
authors.forename: Osmar Antonio
authors.initials: OA
authors.lastname: Jaramillo-Morales
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio No.7 "Dolor y Analgesia" del Departamento de Farmacobiología, Cinvestav-Sede Sur, Calz. de los Tenorios No. 235, Col., Granjas Coapa, CDMX, 14330, México.
authors.forename: Josué Vidal
authors.initials: JV
authors.lastname: Espinosa-Juárez
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio No.7 "Dolor y Analgesia" del Departamento de Farmacobiología, Cinvestav-Sede Sur, Calz. de los Tenorios No. 235, Col., Granjas Coapa, CDMX, 14330, México.
authors.forename: Francisco Javier
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: López-Muñoz
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D015210:Arthritis, Gouty / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D002110:Caffeine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004357:Drug Synergism; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005480:Flurbiprofen / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D010146:Pain / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D002110:Caffeine; D005480:Flurbiprofen
keywords: arthritic pain; caffeine; combinations; flurbiprofen