title: Predictors of neurocognitive impairment at 2years after a first-episode major depressive disorder.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Neurocognitive impairment is a contributor to major depressive disorder (MDD). However, MDD patients show great variability in the level and course of deficits. The present longitudinal study was to identify predictors of neurocognitive impairment in first-episode MDD patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Neurocognitive performance was analyzed in a cohort of 100 patients at 2years after a first-episode MDD. Subgroups, deficit type vs. non-deficit type, were compared on baseline clinical, neuropsychological, premorbid and sociodemographic characteristics. The analysis was performed using the multivariate logistic regression to obtain a model for neurocognitive impairment determination. The predicted probabilities of multivariate logistic regression were analyzed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fifty-two percent of MDD participants presented general neurocognitive impairment. The regression analyses demonstrated that clinical and sociodemographic characteristics were not predictive variables. A model composed of processing speed, executive function, and attention, dexterity correctly classified 85.8% of the MDD patients with deficit type. ROC curve indicated that the changes of these three cognitions could identify MDD with deficit type from MDD with non-deficit type. In addition, ROC curve also indicated that processing speed and executive function could identify MDD from CN subjects. Finally, processing speed performance was negatively correlated with Hamilton Depression Scale scores in both MDD with deficit and non-deficit type.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study provides novel insights on frequency and neurocognitive profile of subtypes of patients showing impairment. Our results suggest that processing speed impairment is a trait dimension of the disorder related to specific cognitive dysfunctions and the severity of depression.
authors.affiliation: The Third Psychiatric Department, Jining Psychiatric Hospital, Jining, 272051, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China; The Third Psychiatric Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, 272051, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China. Electronic address: guchuanzheng120@163.com.
authors.forename: Chuan-Zheng
authors.initials: CZ
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.affiliation: The Third Psychiatric Department, Jining Psychiatric Hospital, Jining, 272051, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China; The Third Psychiatric Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, 272051, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Hui-Li
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Mental Diseases Prevention and Treatment Institute of PLA, PLA 91st Central Hospital, Jiaozuo, 454003, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Hui-Feng
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: Duan
authors.affiliation: Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Jining Psychiatric Hospital, Jining, 272051, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China; Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, 272051, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Zhong-Hua
authors.initials: ZH
authors.lastname: Su
authors.affiliation: Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Jining Psychiatric Hospital, Jining, 272051, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China; Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, 272051, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Mental Diseases Prevention and Treatment Institute of PLA, PLA 91st Central Hospital, Jiaozuo, 454003, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China. Electronic address: cco91@163.com.
authors.forename: Jing-Li
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Gan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001288:Attention; D003071:Cognition; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000209:etiology* / Q000523:psychology*; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000150:complications* / Q000523:psychology*; D056344:Executive Function; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012372:ROC Curve; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors