title: Anticholinergic premedication-induced fever in paediatric ambulatory ketamine anaesthesia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A randomized, double-blind, prospective study to evaluate the effect of anticholinergic drugs on thermoregulation in paediatric patients undergoing ambulatory anaesthesia with ketamine.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients were randomized to receive either 0.005 mg/kg glycopyrrolate or the equivalent volume of normal saline (placebo) at 30 min before ketamine anaesthesia. Body temperature was measured tympanically at baseline and at 0, 30, 60 and 90 min postoperatively. The quantity of saliva prodiced during surgery and incidence of fever were recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Body temperature was significantly higher in the glycopyrrolate group (n = 42) than the placebo group (n = 42) at 30, 60 and 90 min after surgery, and higher than baseline at 0, 30, 60 and 90 min after surgery. In the placebo group, body temperature was significantly higher than baseline at 0 and 30 min after surgery. Saliva secretion was significantly lower in the glycopyrrolate group than the placebo group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Routine premedication with adjunctive anticholinergics should not be considered in paediatric patients receiving ketamine sedation due to the increased risk of fever.Trial registration number, Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT02430272.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesia and Pain Medicine, Inje University Seoul Paik Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Kyung Woo
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesia and Pain Medicine, Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea humal1@paik.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Won Joo
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Choe
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesia and Pain Medicine, Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jun Hyun
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesia and Pain Medicine, Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Kyung-Tae
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesia and Pain Medicine, Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Sang-Il
authors.initials: SI
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesia and Pain Medicine, Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jang Su
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesia and Pain Medicine, Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jung Won
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesia and Pain Medicine, Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Min Hee
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Heo
mesh_terms: D000553:Ambulatory Care; D000758:Anesthesia; D001831:Body Temperature / Q000187:drug effects; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D018680:Cholinergic Antagonists / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016292:Procedural Sedation; D003710:Demography; D005260:Female; D005334:Fever / Q000139:chemically induced*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007649:Ketamine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D011292:Premedication / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D018680:Cholinergic Antagonists; D007649:Ketamine
keywords: Child; adverse events; intravenous agents; outpatient; premedication