title: 4D printing smart biomedical scaffolds with novel soybean oil epoxidized acrylate.
abstract: Photocurable, biocompatible liquid resins are highly desired for 3D stereolithography based bioprinting. Here we solidified a novel renewable soybean oil epoxidized acrylate, using a 3D laser printing technique, into smart and highly biocompatible scaffolds capable of supporting growth of multipotent human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). Porous scaffolds were readily fabricated by simply adjusting the printer infill density; superficial structures of the polymerized soybean oil epoxidized acrylate were significantly affected by laser frequency and printing speed. Shape memory tests confirmed that the scaffold fixed a temporary shape at -18 °C and fully recovered its original shape at human body temperature (37 °C), which indicated the great potential for 4D printing applications. Cytotoxicity analysis proved that the printed scaffolds had significant higher hMSC adhesion and proliferation than traditional polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PEGDA), and had no statistical difference from poly lactic acid (PLA) and polycaprolactone (PCL). This research is believed to significantly advance the development of biomedical scaffolds with renewable plant oils and advanced 3D fabrication techniques.
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington DC 20052, USA.
authors.forename: Shida
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Miao
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington DC 20052, USA.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington DC 20052, USA.
authors.forename: Nathan J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Castro
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington DC 20052, USA.
authors.forename: Margaret
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nowicki
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington DC 20052, USA.
authors.forename: Xuan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington DC 20052, USA.
authors.forename: Haitao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.affiliation: Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
authors.forename: John P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Fisher
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington DC 20052, USA.|Department of Biomedical Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington DC 20052, USA.|Department of Medicine, The George Washington University, Washington DC 20052, USA.
authors.forename: Lijie Grace
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D002448:Cell Adhesion; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D006801:Humans; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology*; D016062:Porosity; D066330:Printing, Three-Dimensional; D013024:Soybean Oil / Q000737:chemistry*; D013696:Temperature; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: C554142:epoxidized soybean oil; D013024:Soybean Oil