title: Climate regulation, energy provisioning and water purification: Quantifying ecosystem service delivery of bioenergy willow grown on riparian buffer zones using life cycle assessment.
abstract: Whilst life cycle assessment (LCA) boundaries are expanded to account for negative indirect consequences of bioenergy such as indirect land use change (ILUC), ecosystem services such as water purification sometimes delivered by perennial bioenergy crops are typically neglected in LCA studies. Consequential LCA was applied to evaluate the significance of nutrient interception and retention on the environmental balance of unfertilised energy willow planted on 50-m riparian buffer strips and drainage filtration zones in the Skåne region of Sweden. Excluding possible ILUC effects and considering oil heat substitution, strategically planted filter willow can achieve net global warming potential (GWP) and eutrophication potential (EP) savings of up to 11.9 Mg CO2e and 47 kg PO4e ha-1year-1, respectively, compared with a GWP saving of 14.8 Mg CO2e ha-1year-1and an EP increase of 7 kg PO4e ha-1year-1for fertilised willow. Planting willow on appropriate buffer and filter zones throughout Skåne could avoid 626 Mg year-1PO4e nutrient loading to waters.
authors.affiliation: School of Environment, Natural Resources and Geography, Bangor University, Deiniol Road, Gwynedd, Wales, Bangor, LL57 2UW, UK. d.styles@bangor.ac.uk.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Styles
authors.affiliation: Environmental and Energy System Studies, Lund University, PO Box 118, 22100, Lund, Sweden.
authors.forename: Pål
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Börjesson
authors.affiliation: Biodiversity Unit, Department of Biology, Lund University, Ecology Building, 223 62, Lund, Sweden.
authors.forename: Tina
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: D'Hertefeldt
authors.affiliation: Biodiversity Unit, Department of Biology, Lund University, Ecology Building, 223 62, Lund, Sweden.
authors.forename: Klaus
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Birkhofer
authors.affiliation: Thünen Institute of Biodiversity, Bundesallee 50, 38116, Brunswick, Germany.
authors.forename: Jens
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dauber
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Bath University, North East Somerset, BA2 7AY, UK.
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Adams
authors.affiliation: School of Environment, Natural Resources and Geography, Bangor University, Deiniol Road, Gwynedd, Wales, Bangor, LL57 2UW, UK.
authors.forename: Sopan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Patil
authors.affiliation: School of Environment, Natural Resources and Geography, Bangor University, Deiniol Road, Gwynedd, Wales, Bangor, LL57 2UW, UK.
authors.forename: Tim
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Pagella
authors.affiliation: Biodiversity Unit, Department of Biology, Lund University, Ecology Building, 223 62, Lund, Sweden.
authors.forename: Lars B
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Pettersson
authors.affiliation: The International Institute for Industrial Environmental Economics, Lund University, PO Box 196, 22100, Lund, Sweden.
authors.forename: Philip
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Peck
authors.affiliation: Département de génie civil et de génie des eaux, Université Laval, 1065, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada.
authors.forename: Céline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Vaneeckhaute
authors.affiliation: Department of Crop Production Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Ullsväg 16, Box 7043, 750 07, Uppsala, Sweden.
authors.forename: Håkan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Rosenqvist
mesh_terms: D056804:Biofuels; D003247:Conservation of Natural Resources / Q000379:methods*; D018556:Crops, Agricultural / Q000254:growth & development; D017753:Ecosystem; D005068:Eutrophication; D057232:Global Warming / Q000517:prevention & control*; D017752:Greenhouse Effect; D059205:Renewable Energy; D032108:Salix / Q000254:growth & development*; D013548:Sweden; D018508:Water Purification / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D056804:Biofuels
keywords: Agriculture; Bioenergy; Environment; Eutrophication; Greenhouse gas emissions; LCA