title: Thermal and spectroscopic analysis of organic matter degradation and humification during composting of pig slurry in different scenarios.
abstract: In this work, different analytical techniques (thermal analysis, (13)C cross-polarization magic angle spinning (CPMAS) NMR and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy) have been used to study the organic matter changes during the co-composting of pig slurry with cotton gin waste. To ensure the validity of the findings, the composting process was developed in different scenarios: under experimental pilot plant conditions, using the static pile system, and under real conditions on a pig farm, using the turning pile system. Also, the thermal stability index (R1) was determined before and after an extraction with water, to evaluate the effect of eliminating water-soluble inorganic salts on the thermal analysis. The results of the thermal methods showed the degradation of the most labile organic matter during composting; R1 increased during composting in all piles, without any influence of the presence of water-soluble inorganic ions in the sample. The NMR showed a decrease in the abundance of the carbohydrate molecules and an increase in the aliphatic materials during composting, due to a concentration effect. Also, FT-IR spectroscopy was a useful technique to study the trends of polysaccharides and nitrate, as indicators of organic matter transformations during composting.
authors.affiliation: Department of Agrochemistry and Environment, Miguel Hernandez University, EPS-Orihuela, Ctra Beniel Km 3.2, 03312-Orihuela, Alicante, Spain.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Martín-Mata
authors.affiliation: Department of Agrochemistry and Biochemistry, University of Alicante, Apartado 99, 03080, Alicante, Spain.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lahoz-Ramos
authors.affiliation: Department of Agrochemistry and Environment, Miguel Hernandez University, EPS-Orihuela, Ctra Beniel Km 3.2, 03312-Orihuela, Alicante, Spain. marian.bustamante@umh.es.
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Bustamante
authors.affiliation: Department of Agrochemistry and Biochemistry, University of Alicante, Apartado 99, 03080, Alicante, Spain.
authors.forename: F C
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Marhuenda-Egea
authors.affiliation: Department of Agrochemistry and Environment, Miguel Hernandez University, EPS-Orihuela, Ctra Beniel Km 3.2, 03312-Orihuela, Alicante, Spain.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Moral
authors.affiliation: Department of Soil and Water Conservation and Organic Waste Management, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura, CSIC, PO Box 164, 30100, Murcia, Spain.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.affiliation: Department of Soil and Water Conservation and Organic Waste Management, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura, CSIC, PO Box 164, 30100, Murcia, Spain.
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Sáez
authors.affiliation: Department of Soil and Water Conservation and Organic Waste Management, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura, CSIC, PO Box 164, 30100, Murcia, Spain.
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Bernal
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D008372:Manure / Q000032:analysis*; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D013552:Swine; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D008372:Manure
keywords: 13C-NMR; Compost; FT-IR; Organic matter; Pig slurry; Thermal analysis