title: In vivo investigation of temporal effects and drug delivery induced by transdermal microneedles with optical coherence tomography.
abstract: Transdermal drug-delivery systems (TDDS) have been a growing field in drug delivery because of their advantages over parenteral and oral administration. Recent studies illustrate that microneedles (MNs) can effectively penetrate through the stratum corneum barrier to facilitate drug delivery. However, the temporal effects on skin and drug diffusion are difficult to investigate in vivo. In this study, we used optical coherence tomography (OCT) to observe the process by which MNs dissolve and to investigate the temporal effects on mouse skin induced by MNs, including the morphological and vascular changes. Moreover, the recovery process of the skin was observed with OCT. Additionally, we proposed a method to observe drug delivery by estimation of cross-correlation relationship between sequential 2D OCT images obtained at the same location, reflecting the variation in the backscattered intensity due to the diffusion of the rhodamine molecules encapsulated in MNs. Our observations supported the hypothesis that the temporal effects on skin due to MNs, the dissolution of MNs, and the drug diffusion process can be quantitatively evaluated with OCT. The results showed that OCT can be a potential tool for in vivo monitoring of effects and outcomes when MNs are used as a TDDS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 33302, Taiwan; Medical Imaging Research Center, Institute for Radiological Research, Chang Gung University and Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Meng-Tsan
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Tsai
authors.affiliation: Graduate Institute of Biochemical and Biomedical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: I-Chi
authors.initials: IC
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 33302, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Zhung-Fu
authors.initials: ZF
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 33302, Taiwan; Medical Imaging Research Center, Institute for Radiological Research, Chang Gung University and Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Hao-Li
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Medical Imaging Research Center, Institute for Radiological Research, Chang Gung University and Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Departments of Radiation Oncology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan; Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Science, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chun-Chieh
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 33302, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yo-Chun
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Choia
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 33302, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Hsin-Yi
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Chou
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 33302, Taiwan; jdlee@mail.cgu.edu.tw.
authors.forename: Jiann-Der
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Lee
keywords: (110.4500) Optical coherence tomography; (170.2655) Functional monitoring and imaging; (170.3880) Medical and biological imaging