title: Recent developments in the production and applications of bacterial cellulose fibers and nanocrystals.
abstract: Cellulosic nanomaterials provide a novel and sustainable platform for the production of high performance materials enabled by nanotechnology. Bacterial cellulose (BC) is a highly crystalline material and contains pure cellulose without lignin and hemicellulose. BC offers an opportunity to provide control of the products' properties in-situ, via specific BC production methods and culture conditions. The BC potential in advanced material applications are hindered by a limited knowledge of optimal BC production conditions, efficient process scale-up, separation methods, and purification methods. There is a growing body of work on the production of bacterial cellulose nanocrystals (BCNs) from BC fibers. However, there is limited information regarding the effect of BC fibers' characteristics on the production of nanocrystals. This review describes developments in BC and BCNs production methods and factors affecting their yield and physical characteristics.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering , University of Western Ontario , London , Ontario , Canada.
authors.forename: Isabela
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Reiniati
authors.affiliation: a Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering , University of Western Ontario , London , Ontario , Canada.
authors.forename: Andrew N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Hrymak
authors.affiliation: a Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering , University of Western Ontario , London , Ontario , Canada.
authors.forename: Argyrios
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Margaritis
mesh_terms: D001419:Bacteria / Q000737:chemistry*; D002482:Cellulose / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D005285:Fermentation; D008031:Lignin / Q000737:chemistry; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D011134:Polysaccharides; C007916:hemicellulose; D002482:Cellulose; D008031:Lignin
keywords: Acid hydrolysis; Gluconacetobacter xylinus; applications; bacterial cellulose; bioreactor; cellulose nanocrystals; degree of crystallinity; production; size