title: Understanding alterations on blood and biochemical parameters in athletes that use dietary supplements, steroids and illicit drugs.
abstract: In recent years it was verified there are an alarming growing number of teenagers and young adults using a combination of dietary supplements (DS) anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) and drugs of abuse. This practice is used to improve physical fitness and appearance, may cause serious side effects. This article shows the alterations in the hematological and renal function parameters associate with these substances in 40 athletes. This research involved three steps: 1-the administration of a self-completion questionnaire ; 2-the assessment of hematological and biochemical parameters of renal function and; 3-toxicological urinalysis. Hematological and biochemical tests were conducted in an accredited laboratory and the toxicological urinalysis was validated in our laboratory using liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The testosterone levels in the participants who consumed steroids increased 20-60% and alterations in serum creatinine, urea and uric reached values of up to 1.9; 60.6 and 7.5mg/dL, respectively. The toxicological urinalysis supports self-reports confirming the use of AAS and recreational drugs, putting at risk the health of those athletes increasing the chances of kidney diseases.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirao Preto, University of São Paulo, Brazil. Electronic address: daybordin@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Dayanne Mozaner
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Bordin
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Bárbara Beltrame
authors.initials: BB
authors.lastname: Bettim
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Gleici Castro
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Perdona
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters of Ribeirao Preto, University of São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Eduardo Geraldo
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: de Campos
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters of Ribeirao Preto, University of São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Bruno Spinosa
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: De Martinis
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D056352:Athletes; D032882:Comprehension; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004300:Doping in Sports / Q000379:methods; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D013287:Illicit Drugs / Q000097:blood* / Q000652:urine*; D008297:Male; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D045165:Testosterone Congeners / Q000097:blood* / Q000652:urine*; D016482:Urinalysis / Q000379:methods; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D013287:Illicit Drugs; D045165:Testosterone Congeners
keywords: Abuse; Anabolic androgenic steroids; Dietary supplements; Hematological parameters; Renal function; Toxicological urinalysis