title: Case Report of Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound Features of Primary Hepatic Neuroendocrine Tumor: A CARE-Compliant Article.
abstract: Primary hepatic neuroendocrine tumors (PHNETs) are very rare and their clinical features and treatment outcomes are not well understood. It is difficult to reach a proper diagnosis before biopsy or resection. The aim of this study was to analyze the imaging features of PHNETs on contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS). The clinical characteristics, CEUS findings, pathological features, treatment and prognosis of 6 patients with PHNET treated in our hospital were retrospectively analyzed.Most PHNETs occurred in middle-aged patients, and the most common clinical manifestation was right upper quadrant palpable mass and abdominal pain. Multiple small anechoic intralesional cavities occurred frequently in PHNET. Multilocular cystic with internal septation or monolocular with wall nodule could also be detected. On contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS), heterogeneous hyperenhancement in the arterial phase and wash-out hypoenhancement were observed in most patients, while computed tomography scanning yielded similar results. Diagnosis of PHNET was confirmed by immunohistochemical result and follow-up with the absence of extrahepatic primary sites. Five patients received surgical resection and 2 cases exhibited recurrence. Transcatheter arterial chemoembolization was performed in 1 patient with recurrence. Only 1 patient received conservative care. The median overall survival in 5 patients who underwent surgical treatment was 27 months (18-36 months). PHNET is a rare tumor, and its diagnosis is difficult. The CEUS features reported in this series may enrich the knowledge base for characterization of PHNET.
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Medical Ultrasonics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Ultrasound, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Bo-Wen
authors.initials: BW
authors.lastname: Zhuang
authors.forename: Zhu
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Bing
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Liao
authors.forename: Ling-Yao
authors.initials: LY
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.forename: Ming
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Xiao-Na
authors.initials: XN
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Xiao-Yan
authors.initials: XY
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.forename: Ming-de
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Li-da
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000628:therapy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018358:Neuroendocrine Tumors / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000628:therapy; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D014463:Ultrasonography / Q000379:methods