title: Reframing the Teenage Wasteland: Adolescent Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis.
abstract: Human adolescence is arguably one of the most challenging periods of development. The young adult is exposed to a variety of stressors and environmental stimuli on a backdrop of significant physiological change and development, which is especially apparent in the brain. It is therefore unsurprising that many psychiatric disorders are first observable during this time. The human intestine is inhabited by trillions of microorganisms, and evidence from both preclinical and clinical research focusing on the established microbiota-gut-brain axis suggests that the etiology and pathophysiology of psychiatric disorders may be influenced by intestinal dysbiosis. Provocatively, many if not all of the challenges faced by the developing teen have a documented impact on these intestinal commensal microbiota. In this review, we briefly summarize what is known about the developing adolescent brain and intestinal microbiota, discuss recent research investigating the microbiota-gut-brain axis during puberty, and propose that pre- and probiotics may prove useful in both the prevention and treatment of psychiatric disorders specifically benefitting the young adult.
authors.affiliation: APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
authors.forename: Karen-Anne
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: McVey Neufeld
authors.affiliation: APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
authors.forename: Pauline
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Luczynski
authors.affiliation: APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland Department of Psychiatry, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
authors.forename: Timothy G
authors.initials: TG
authors.lastname: Dinan
authors.affiliation: APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland j.cryan@ucc.ie.
authors.forename: John F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Cryan
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D041923:Adolescent Development / Q000502:physiology*; D001921:Brain / Q000254:growth & development*; D000069196:Gastrointestinal Microbiome / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D001523:Mental Disorders
keywords: adolescence; brain plasticity; critical windows; development; early life challenges; hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis; microbiota-gut-brain axis; probiotics; psychiatric illnesses