title: Current State of Immune-Based Therapies for Glioblastoma.
abstract: Glioblastoma is one of the most aggressive solid tumors, and, despite treatment options such as surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy, its prognosis remains grim. Novel approaches are needed to improve survival. Immunotherapy has proven efficacy for melanoma, lung cancer, and kidney cancer and is now a focus for glioblastoma. In this article, glioblastoma-mediated immunosuppression will be discussed and two exciting immune approaches, checkpoint inhibitors and viral-based therapies, will be reviewed.
authors.affiliation: From The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Institute for the Neurosciences at the Brigham and Women's/Faulkner Hospital, Center for Neuro-Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.affiliation: From The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Institute for the Neurosciences at the Brigham and Women's/Faulkner Hospital, Center for Neuro-Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Weller
authors.affiliation: From The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Institute for the Neurosciences at the Brigham and Women's/Faulkner Hospital, Center for Neuro-Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL.
authors.forename: E Antonio
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Chiocca
mesh_terms: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D005822:Genetic Vectors; D005909:Glioblastoma / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D007167:Immunotherapy; D011379:Prognosis; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D014780:Viruses / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta