title: Influence of saponins on the biodegradation of halogenated phenols.
abstract: Biotransformation of aromatic compounds is a challenge due to their low aqueous solubility and sorptive losses. The main obstacle in this process is binding of organic pollutants to the microbial cell surface. To overcome these, we applied saponins from plant extract to the microbial culture, to increase pollutants solubility and enhance diffusive massive transfer. This study investigated the efficiency of Quillaja saponaria and Sapindus mukorossi saponins-rich extracts on biodegradation of halogenated phenols by Raoultella planticola WS2 and Pseudomonas sp. OS2, as an effect of cell surface modification of tested strains. Both strains display changes in inner membrane permeability and cell surface hydrophobicity in the presence of saponins during the process of halogenated phenols biotransformation. This allows them to more efficient pollutants removal from the environment. However, only in case of the Pseudomonas sp. OS2 the addition of surfactants to the culture improved effectiveness of bromo-, chloro- and fluorophenols biodegradation. Also introduction of surfactant allowed higher biodegradability of halogenated phenols and can shorten the process. Therefore this suggests that usage of plant saponins can indicate more successful halogenated phenols biodegradation for selected strains.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, 60-965 Poznan, Poland. Electronic address: ewa.kaczorek@put.poznan.pl.
authors.forename: Ewa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kaczorek
authors.affiliation: Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, 60-965 Poznan, Poland.
authors.forename: Wojciech
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Smułek
authors.affiliation: Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, 60-965 Poznan, Poland.
authors.forename: Agata
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zdarta
authors.affiliation: Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, 60-965 Poznan, Poland.
authors.forename: Agata
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sawczuk
authors.affiliation: Institute of Chemistry and Technical Electrochemistry, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, 60-965 Poznan, Poland.
authors.forename: Agnieszka
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zgoła-Grześkowiak
mesh_terms: D001422:Bacterial Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental / Q000187:drug effects; D001711:Biotransformation / Q000187:drug effects; D002463:Cell Membrane Permeability / Q000187:drug effects; D004755:Enterobacteriaceae / Q000378:metabolism*; D054879:Halogenation / Q000187:drug effects; D057927:Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions / Q000187:drug effects; D010636:Phenols / Q000378:metabolism*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011549:Pseudomonas / Q000378:metabolism*; D012503:Saponins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D055672:Static Electricity; D013501:Surface-Active Agents / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D010636:Phenols; D010936:Plant Extracts; D012503:Saponins; D013501:Surface-Active Agents
keywords: Biodegradation; Cell surface properties; HPLC-MS/MS; Halophenols; Saponins