title: CRF type 1 receptor antagonism in ventral tegmental area of adolescent rats during social defeat: prevention of escalated cocaine self-administration in adulthood and behavioral adaptations during adolescence.
abstract: Activation of corticotropin-releasing factor type 1 receptors (CRF-R1) in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) represents a critical mechanism for social defeat to escalate cocaine self-administration in adult rats.
  
  
  
  We determined the acute effect of a CRF-R1 antagonist (CP376395) microinfusion into the VTA prior to each episode of social defeat in adolescent rats and determined whether this drug treatment could prevent later escalation of cocaine taking in early adulthood.
  
  
  
  Rats were implanted with bilateral cannulae aimed at the VTA 5 days before the first social defeat. Bilateral microinfusion of CP376395 (500 ng/side) or vehicle occurred 20 min before each episode of social defeat on postnatal days (P) 35, 38, 41, and 44. Behavior was quantified on P35 and P44. On P57, rats were implanted with intra-jugular catheters, and subsequent cocaine self-administration was analyzed.
  
  
  
  CP376395-treated adolescent rats walked less and were attacked more slowly but were socially investigated more than vehicle-treated adolescents. Vehicle-treated rats showed increased social and decreased non-social exploration from P35 to P44, while CP376395-treated rats did not. Socially defeated, vehicle-treated adolescents took more cocaine during a 24-h unlimited access binge during adulthood. The latency to supine posture on P44 was inversely correlated with later cocaine self-administration during fixed and progressive ratio schedules of reinforcement and during the binge.
  
  
  
  CP376395 treatment in adolescence blocked escalation of cocaine taking in adulthood. Episodes of social defeat stress engender neuroadaptation in CRF-R1s in the VTA that alter coping with social stress and that persist into adulthood.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Tufts University, 530 Boston Avenue (Bacon Hall), Medford, MA, 02155, USA.|Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
authors.forename: Andrew R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Burke
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Tufts University, 530 Boston Avenue (Bacon Hall), Medford, MA, 02155, USA.
authors.forename: Joseph F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: DeBold
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Tufts University, 530 Boston Avenue (Bacon Hall), Medford, MA, 02155, USA. klaus.miczek@tufts.edu.|Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University, Boston, MA, 02111, USA. klaus.miczek@tufts.edu.|Department of Pharmacology, Tufts University, Boston, MA, 02111, USA. klaus.miczek@tufts.edu.|Department of Psychiatry, Tufts University, Boston, MA, 02111, USA. klaus.miczek@tufts.edu.
authors.forename: Klaus A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Miczek
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000631:Aminopyridines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D016739:Behavior, Addictive / Q000188:drug therapy; D003042:Cocaine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D019970:Cocaine-Related Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy*; D003346:Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone / Q000378:metabolism; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D008124:Locomotion / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D020318:Rats, Long-Evans; D018019:Receptors, Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D012054:Reinforcement, Psychology; D012646:Self Administration; D012919:Social Behavior; D013315:Stress, Psychological; D017557:Ventral Tegmental Area / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D000099052:CRF Receptor, Type 1
chemical_list: C529296:(3,6-dimethyl-2-(2,4,6-trimethylphenoxy)pyridin-4-yl)(1-ethylpropyl)amine; D000631:Aminopyridines; D018019:Receptors, Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone; D000099052:CRF Receptor, Type 1; D003346:Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone; D003042:Cocaine
keywords: Adolescence; CRF; Social behavior; Stress; VTA