title: REcanalisation and Balloon-Oriented Puncture for Re-Insertion of Dialysis Catheter in Nonpatent Central Veins (REBORN).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe a technique involving REcanalisation and Balloon-Oriented puncture for Re-insertion of dialysis catheter in Nonpatent central veins (REBORN) and to report long-term results.
  
  
  METHODS
  This is a retrospective study of ten subjects in whom dialysis catheters were inserted using the REBORN technique from March 2012 to October 2014 and followed up till April 2016. Data on the duration of catheter usage, complications and reasons for removal were obtained. Seven patients had partially occluded lower internal jugular veins (IJV) recanalised in an antegrade fashion via a more cranial puncture. The balloon was then inflated at usual puncture site with an 18G needle. The collapsed balloon was cannulated with a guide wire, and both balloon and guide wire were advanced together into the superior vena cava. This was followed by tunnelled catheter placement using standard techniques. Two patients had catheters placed in the subclavian vein using a similar antegrade technique, and one patient had catheter placed via the left IJV following retrograde recanalisation from a right femoral puncture.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean duration of catheter use was 278 days (range 32-503). Three catheters were removed due to matured arteriovenous accesses. Four patients had successful catheter change over the same subcutaneous track due to catheter malfunction. One catheter was removed after 7 months because of sepsis. No complications were reported.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The REBORN technique allows for the preservation of central veins for future haemodialysis access, which can be challenging in patients requiring long-term dialysis.
authors.affiliation: Singapore General Hospital, Outram Rd, Singapore, 169608, Singapore. toochowwei@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Chow Wei
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Too
authors.affiliation: Aga Khan University Hospital, Stadium Road, Karachi, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Raza
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sayani
authors.affiliation: Singapore General Hospital, Outram Rd, Singapore, 169608, Singapore.
authors.forename: Elvin Yuan Ting
authors.initials: EY
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.affiliation: Singapore General Hospital, Outram Rd, Singapore, 169608, Singapore.
authors.forename: Sum
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Leong
authors.affiliation: Singapore General Hospital, Outram Rd, Singapore, 169608, Singapore.
authors.forename: Apoorva
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gogna
authors.affiliation: Mount Elizabeth Novena Hospital, 38 Irrawaddy Rd, Singapore, 329563, Singapore.
authors.forename: Terence K
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Teo
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002404:Catheterization / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*; D002405:Catheterization, Central Venous / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*; D002408:Catheters, Indwelling; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011677:Punctures; D006435:Renal Dialysis / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors
keywords: Central vein occlusion; Hemodialysis; Recanalisation; Tunneled dialysis catheter