title: Lateral Cricoarytenoid Release: Development of a Novel Surgical Treatment Option for Adductor Spasmodic Dysphonia in a Canine Laryngeal Model.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the efficacy of a novel adductor muscle-releasing technique designed to decrease the force of vocal fold adduction, as a potential surgical therapy for patients with adductor spasmodic dysphonia (ADSD).
  
  
  METHODS
  Experimental animal study.
  
  
  METHODS
  A canine laryngeal model was used to assess the acute and sustained efficacy of a lateral cricoarytenoid (LCA) muscle release. A total of 34 canine hemilaryngeal preparations were divided among 7 experimental groups. The LCA muscle was separated from its cricoid cartilage origin via an open, anterior, submucosal approach. The laryngeal adductory pressures (LAP) were assessed pre- and post-muscle release via direct recurrent laryngeal nerve stimulation. Measurements were repeated at 1.5, 3, or 6 months postoperatively. Another study evaluated release of the thyroarytenoid (TA) muscle from its thyroid cartilage origin.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Releasing the LCA muscle demonstrated a significant decrease in LAP acutely and was maintained at all 3 time points with the aid of a barrier (P < .05). Without the barrier, the LCA muscle reattached to the cricoid. Acute release of the TA muscle did not significantly decrease the LAP.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The proposed LCA release procedure may provide patients with a permanent treatment option for ADSD. However, longer-term studies and human trials are needed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, Washington University in Saint Louis, Missouri, USA.
authors.forename: Andrea M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, Washington University in Saint Louis, Missouri, USA paniellor@ent.wustl.edu.
authors.forename: Randal C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Paniello
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001193:Arytenoid Cartilage / Q000601:surgery; D003413:Cricoid Cartilage / Q000601:surgery; D004285:Dogs; D055154:Dysphonia / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D007821:Laryngeal Muscles / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D023421:Models, Animal; D013035:Spasm / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*
keywords: adductor spasmodic dysphonia; laryngeal disorder; lateral cricoarytenoid muscle; thyroarytenoid muscle