title: Protective Effect of Guggulipid in High Fat Diet and Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion (MCAO) Induced Ischemic Cerebral Injury in Rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The role of guggulipid was evaluated in high fat diet and middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) induced ischemic cerebral dysfunctions in rats of either sex.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ethyl acetate extract of guggul known as guggulipid was prepared and administered to rats. Animals were divided into 9 groups, consisting 6 rats, each receiving different treatments per orally for 8 weeks. Control group rats received normal control diet while rest of the other groups animals were fed high fat diet (HFD) for 8 weeks. Cerebral ischemia was induced for 2 h followed by reperfusion for 22 h. Locomotor activity and grip strength tests were performed immediately after 24 h of reperfusion followed by biochemical estimations and histopathology.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Locomotor activity and grip strength were significantly decreased in HFD and HFD fed MCAO groups and improved significantly in pretreatment groups. Cerebral infarction, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARs), nitric oxide and tumor necrosis factor alfa (TNFα) levels were increased, pretreatment of guggulipid alone and with aspirin significantly reduced these markers. Reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase, levels were decreased but all drug pretreated groups showed significant improvement in those markers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Guggulipid demonstrated neuroprotection owing to its hypolipidemic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-thrombotic activities but further research is warranted to confirm its role in cerebral ischemia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi India.
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Ahmad
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi India.
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Najmi
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi India.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mujeeb
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi India.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Akhtar
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001241:Aspirin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000069059:Atorvastatin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D029744:Commiphora; D059305:Diet, High-Fat; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D018737:Hand Strength; D020244:Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery / Q000188:drug therapy; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation; D008124:Locomotion / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D053149:Plant Gums / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D051381:Rats; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D010936:Plant Extracts; D053149:Plant Gums; C018562:guggulu extract; D000069059:Atorvastatin; D002374:Catalase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D005978:Glutathione; D001241:Aspirin