title: Assessment of cervical range of motion, cervical core strength and scapular dyskinesia in violin players.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Playing the violin can lead to asymmetric postures which can affect the cervical range of motion, cervical core strength and scapular stability.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The objective of the study was to assess the cervical range of motion, cervical core strength and scapular dyskinesia in violin players and non-players of the same age group.
  
  
  METHODS
  An inclinometer was used to assess the cervical range of motion, pressure biofeedback was used to assess cervical core strength and scapular dyskinesia was also assessed in 30 professional violin players (18-40 years) compared with 30 age-matched non-players. Analysis was done using an unpaired t test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significant change was seen with respect to extension (p = 0.051), cervical core strength (p = 0.005), right (Rt) superior angle 0° (p = 0.004), Rt superior angle 45° (p = 0.015) and Rt inferior angle 90° (p = 0.013).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study shows a significant difference in extension range of motion and cervical core strength of violin players. Also, there was scapular dyskinesia seen at 0° and 45° right-side superior angle of the scapula and 90° right-side inferior angle of the scapula.
authors.affiliation: a Sancheti Institute College of Physiotherapy , India.
authors.forename: Pooja
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Tawde
authors.affiliation: a Sancheti Institute College of Physiotherapy , India.
authors.forename: Rachana
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dabadghav
authors.affiliation: a Sancheti Institute College of Physiotherapy , India.
authors.forename: Nilima
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Bedekar
authors.affiliation: b Sancheti Institute of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation , India.
authors.forename: Ashok
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shyam
authors.affiliation: b Sancheti Institute of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation , India.
authors.forename: Parag
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sancheti
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002574:Cervical Vertebrae; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D053580:Muscle Strength / Q000502:physiology*; D009146:Music; D019547:Neck Pain / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011187:Posture; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular / Q000502:physiology*; D012540:Scapula; D020069:Shoulder Pain / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: cervical core strength; cervical range of motion; scapular dyskinesia; violin players