title: Phenolic Profile and Antioxidant Potential of Leaves from Selected Cotoneaster Medik. Species.
abstract: The antioxidant efficiency of 70% aqueous methanolic extracts from the leaves of twelve selected Cotoneaster Medik. species was evaluated using four complementary in vitro tests based on SET- (single electron transfer) and HAT-type (hydrogen atom transfer) mechanisms (DPPH, FRAP, O₂(•-) and H₂O₂ scavenging assays). The samples exhibited the dose-dependent responses in all assays with activity parameters of EC50 = 18.5-34.5 µg/mL for DPPH; 0.9-3.8 mmol Fe(2+)/g for FRAP; SC50 = 27.7-74.8 µg/mL for O₂(•-); and SC50 = 29.0-91.3 µg/mL for H₂O₂. Significant linear correlations (|r| = 0.76-0.97, p < 0.01) between activity parameters and total contents of phenolics (5.2%-15.4% GAE) and proanthocyanidins (2.1%-15.0% CYE), with weak or no effects for chlorogenic acid isomers (0.69%-2.93%) and total flavonoids (0.28%-1.40%) suggested that among the listed polyphenols, proanthocyanidins are the most important determinants of the tested activity. UHPLC-PDA-ESI-QTOF-MS analyses led to detection of 34 polyphenols, of which 10 B-type procyanidins, 5 caffeoylquinic acids and 14 flavonoids were identified. After cluster analysis of the data matrix, the leaves of Cotoneaster zabelii, C. splendens, C. bullatus, C. divaricatus, C. hjelmqvistii and C. lucidus were selected as the most promising sources of natural antioxidants, exhibiting the highest phenolic levels and antioxidant capacities, and therefore the greatest potential for pharmaceutical applications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, 1 Muszynskiego, 90-151 Lodz, Poland. agnieszka.kicel@umed.lodz.pl.
authors.forename: Agnieszka
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kicel
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, 1 Muszynskiego, 90-151 Lodz, Poland. piotr.michel@umed.lodz.pl.
authors.forename: Piotr
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Michel
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, 1 Muszynskiego, 90-151 Lodz, Poland. aleksandra.owczarek@umed.lodz.pl.
authors.forename: Aleksandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Owczarek
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, 1 Muszynskiego, 90-151 Lodz, Poland. anna.marchelak@umed.lodz.pl.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Marchelak
authors.affiliation: Institute of Food Technology and Analysis, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Lodz University of Technology, 4/10 Stefanowskiego, 90-924 Lodz, Poland. dorota.zyzelewicz@p.lodz.pl.
authors.forename: Dorota
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Żyżelewicz
authors.affiliation: Institute of Food Technology and Analysis, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Lodz University of Technology, 4/10 Stefanowskiego, 90-924 Lodz, Poland. grazyna.budryn@p.lodz.pl.
authors.forename: Grażyna
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Budryn
authors.affiliation: Institute of Food Technology and Analysis, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Lodz University of Technology, 4/10 Stefanowskiego, 90-924 Lodz, Poland. joanna.oracz@p.lodz.pl.
authors.forename: Joanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Oracz
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, 1 Muszynskiego, 90-151 Lodz, Poland. monika.olszewska@umed.lodz.pl.
authors.forename: Monika Anna
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Olszewska
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000737:chemistry; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000737:chemistry; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry; D059808:Polyphenols / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D044945:Proanthocyanidins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D011801:Quinic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D027824:Rosaceae / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D005419:Flavonoids; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D010936:Plant Extracts; D059808:Polyphenols; D044945:Proanthocyanidins; C472707:caffeoylquinic acid; D011801:Quinic Acid; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide
keywords: Cotoneaster; HPLC-PDA; UHPLC-PDA-ESI-QTOF-MS; antioxidant activity; phenolic profile; phenolic, proanthocyanidin, chlorogenic acid isomer and flavonoid contents