title: Diagnostic investigations of DKK-1 and PDCD5 expression levels as independent prognostic markers of human chondrosarcoma.
abstract: In this study, we investigated the expression levels of Dickkopf-1 (DKK-1) and programmed cell death 5 (PDCD5) by using quantitative real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry in patients with chondrosarcoma. The DKK-1 mRNA levels were significantly higher in chondrosarcoma when compared with the corresponding nontumor tissues (mean ± SD: 4.23 ± 1.54; 1.54 ± 0.87; P = 0.001). PDCD5 mRNA levels were remarkably deceased in tumor tissues when compared with corresponding nontumor tissues (mean ± SD: 1.94 ± 0.73; 5.42 ± 1.73; P = 0.001). The high and moderate DKK-1 expressions were observed for 60% of chondrosarcoma samples in comparison with 27.5% of corresponding nontumor tissues (P  =  0.001). Moreover, low expression of PDCD5 was found in 67.5% of the tumor tissues when compared with the nontumor tissues (32.5%; P = 0.002). The results of this study showed that high DKK-1 expression levels were strongly related to MSTS stage (P = 0.011) and the advancement of histological grade (P < 0.001). Furthermore, the PDCD5 expression levels were correlated with histological grade (P < 0.001), MSTS stage (P = 0.016), and distant metastasis (P = 0.001). Kaplan-Meier survival and log-rank survival showed that patients with high DKK-1 levels and low PDCD5 levels were correlated with shorter overall survival (log-rank test P < 0.001). PDCD5 levels, histological grade, and tumor stage were independent predictors of overall survival. In conclusion, DKK-1 and PDCD5 can be independent predictors of overall survival in patients suffering from chondrosarcoma. © 2016 IUBMB Life, 68(7):597-601, 2016.
authors.affiliation: Young Researchers and Elite Club, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran.
authors.forename: Mojtaba
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zarea
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
authors.forename: Amirhossein
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mohammadian Bajgiran
authors.affiliation: Pathology Residence, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Farnoush
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sedaghati
authors.affiliation: Zanjan University of Medical Science, Zanjan, Iran.
authors.forename: Negin
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hatami
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tehran Medical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Afshin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Taheriazam
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biology, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Emad
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Yahaghi
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammadreza
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shakeri
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002813:Chondrosarcoma / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*; D011379:Prognosis; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis
chemical_list: D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; C501126:DKK1 protein, human; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; C117283:PDCD5 protein, human; D012333:RNA, Messenger
keywords: DKK-1 and PDCD5; PCR; chondrosarcoma; immunohistochemistry; patients