title: Maternal Flaxseed Oil During Lactation Enhances Bone Development in Male Rat Pups.
abstract: Flaxseed oil is an alpha linolenic acid source important in the growth and body development stage; furthermore, this acid acts on adipose tissue and bone health. The aim of this study was to evaluate body composition, fatty acid composition, hormone profile, retroperitoneal adipocyte area and femur structure of pups at weaning, whose mothers were fed a diet containing flaxseed oil during lactation. After birth, pups were randomly assigned: control (C, n = 12) and flaxseed oil (FO, n = 12), rats whose mothers were treated with diet containing soybean or flaxseed oil. At 21 days, the pups were weaned and body mass, length, body composition, biochemical parameter, leptin, osteoprotegerin, osteocalcin, fatty acids composition, intra-abdominal fat mass and femur structure were analyzed. FO showed (p < 0.05): higher body mass (+12 %) and length (+9 %); body fat mass (g, +45 %); bone mineral density (+8 %), bone mineral content (+55 %) and bone area (+35 %), osteocalcin (+173 %) and osteoprotegerin (+183 %). Arachidonic acid was lower (p < 0.0001), alpha-linolenic and eicosapentaenoic were higher (p < 0.0001). Intra-abdominal fat mass was higher (+25 %), however, the retroperitoneal adipocytes area was lower (-44 %). Femur mass (+10 %), distance between epiphyses (+4 %) and bone mineral density (+13 %) were higher. The study demonstrates that adequate flaxseed oil content during a lactation diet plays an important role in the development of pups.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Experimental Nutrition, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Fluminense Federal University, Rua Mário Santos Braga 30, Niterói, RJ, 24020-140, Brazil. alinedape@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Aline D'Avila
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Pereira
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Experimental Nutrition, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Fluminense Federal University, Rua Mário Santos Braga 30, Niterói, RJ, 24020-140, Brazil.
authors.forename: Danielle Cavalcante
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Ribeiro
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Lipids, Department of Food Science and Experimental Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Fernanda Carvalho
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: de Santana
authors.affiliation: Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biology Roberto Alcantara Gomes, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Aline
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: de Sousa Dos Santos
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Lipids, Department of Food Science and Experimental Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Jorge
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mancini-Filho
authors.affiliation: Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biology Roberto Alcantara Gomes, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Celly Cristina Alves
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: do Nascimento-Saba
authors.affiliation: Department of Statistics, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: Luis Guillermo Coca
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Velarde
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Experimental Nutrition, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Fluminense Federal University, Rua Mário Santos Braga 30, Niterói, RJ, 24020-140, Brazil.
authors.forename: Carlos Alberto Soares
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: da Costa
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Experimental Nutrition, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Fluminense Federal University, Rua Mário Santos Braga 30, Niterói, RJ, 24020-140, Brazil.
authors.forename: Gilson Teles
authors.initials: GT
authors.lastname: Boaventura
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001823:Body Composition / Q000187:drug effects*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005269:Femur / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D050152:Intra-Abdominal Fat / Q000378:metabolism; D007774:Lactation / Q000187:drug effects*; D008043:Linseed Oil / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D015675:Osteocalcin / Q000378:metabolism; D053244:Osteoprotegerin / Q000378:metabolism; D011247:Pregnancy; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D013024:Soybean Oil / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D005227:Fatty Acids; D053244:Osteoprotegerin; C506031:Tnfrsf11b protein, mouse; D015675:Osteocalcin; D013024:Soybean Oil; D008043:Linseed Oil
keywords: Adiposity; Bone; Flaxseed oil; Lactation; Rats