title: A four-drug combination therapy consisting of low-dose tacrolimus, low-dose mycophenolate mofetil, corticosteroids, and mizoribine in living donor renal transplantation: A randomized study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We compared a three-drug combination therapy (control group) consisting of tacrolimus, mycophenolate mofetil, and corticosteroids in living donor renal transplantation with a four-drug combination therapy (study group), in which the doses of tacrolimus and mycophenolate mofetil were halved and the immunosuppressive drug mizoribine was added, in order to determine whether the incidence rates of acute rejection after transplantation between the study group and the control group are similar, whether the study group regimen prevents the occurrence of calcineurin inhibitor-induced renal damage, and whether the study group regimen prevents adverse effects such as diarrhea caused by mycophenolate mofetil.
  
  
  METHODS
  We investigated the incidence of acute rejection, serum creatinine levels, and estimated glomerular filtration rate and the incidence of adverse effects such as diarrhea.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no significant difference between the two groups in the incidence of acute rejection. Renal function (estimated glomerular filtration rate and serum creatinine) was maintained in the control group whereas in the study group renal function gradually improved, with a statistical difference observed at 12 months. The incidence of gastrointestinal symptoms including diarrhea was significantly higher in the control group than in the study group. There was no significant difference in the incidence of cytomegalovirus infection and other adverse effects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest the study group therapy is an effective regimen in preventing acute rejection and the deterioration of renal function. These results also show this therapy can reduce the incidence of adverse effects such as gastrointestinal symptoms.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China.
authors.forename: Tian-Zhong
authors.initials: TZ
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China.
authors.forename: Xiao-Qiang
authors.initials: XQ
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China.
authors.forename: Lu
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rong
keywords: Acute rejection; gastrointestinal symptoms; living donor renal transplantation; mizoribine; renal function