title: Evaluation of the ability of different detergents and disinfectants to remove and kill organisms in traditional biofilm.
abstract: The objective of this study was to assess the ability of different detergent and disinfectant combinations to eradicate bacteria in traditional biofilm.
  
  
  
  Enterococcus faecalis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were used to develop biofilm over 8 days. The biofilm on each minimum biofilm eradication concentration peg contained 8 log10colony forming units (CFU)/cm2of both bacteria. The detergents evaluated were as follows: Prolystica Enzymatic 2X, Prolystica Neutral 2X, Neodisher, and Endozime Bio-Clean. The disinfectants evaluated were as follows: glutaraldehyde, accelerated hydrogen peroxide, and ortho-phthalaldehyde. Biofilm removal was evaluated using viable count, protein and carbohydrate quantitation, and scanning electron microscopy.
  
  
  
  Only Prolystica Enzymatic 2X and Endozime Bio-Clean killed both E faecalis (3.90 log10CFU/mL reduction) and P aeruginosa (3.96 log10CFU/mL reduction) in suspension. None of the detergents tested could provide >1 log10CFU/cm2reduction for bacteria within biofilm. Any combination of detergent and high-level disinfectant reduced the level of both E faecalis and P aeruginosa within biofilm by 3-5 log10CFU/cm2. Although the combination of Endozime Bio-Clean and glutaraldehyde provided a 6 log10reduction, it could not eliminate both bacteria within biofilm.
  
  
  
  Our data indicate that if biofilm accumulates in flexible endoscope channels during repeated rounds of reprocessing, then neither the detergent nor high-level disinfectant will provide the expected level of bacterial removal or killing.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nursing, University Federal of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil.
authors.forename: Cristiana
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: da Costa Luciano
authors.affiliation: St. Boniface Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
authors.forename: Nancy
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Olson
authors.affiliation: Department of Nursing, University Federal of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil.
authors.forename: Anaclara Ferreira Veiga
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Tipple
authors.affiliation: St. Boniface Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB, Canada; Department of Medical Microbiology, St. Boniface General Hospital, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada. Electronic address: malfa@sbrc.ca.
authors.forename: Michelle
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Alfa
mesh_terms: D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D018441:Biofilms / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D002241:Carbohydrates / Q000032:analysis; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D003902:Detergents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004202:Disinfectants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013293:Enterococcus faecalis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D004783:Environmental Microbiology; D050296:Microbial Viability / Q000187:drug effects*; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D011550:Pseudomonas aeruginosa / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D002241:Carbohydrates; D003902:Detergents; D004202:Disinfectants
keywords: Endoscopes; biofilm removal; cleaning and high-level disinfection