title: Data Fitting to Study Ablated Hard Dental Tissues by Nanosecond Laser Irradiation.
abstract: Laser ablation of dental hard tissues is one of the most important laser applications in dentistry. Many works have reported the interaction of laser radiations with tooth material to optimize laser parameters such as wavelength, energy density, etc. This work has focused on determining the relationship between energy density and ablation thresholds using pulsed, 5 nanosecond, neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet; Nd:Y3Al5O12 (Nd:YAG) laser at 1064 nanometer. For enamel and dentin tissues, the ablations have been performed using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) technique. The ablation thresholds and relationship between energy densities and peak areas of calcium lines, which appeared in LIBS, were determined using data fitting. Furthermore, the morphological changes were studied using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Moreover, the chemical stability of the tooth material after ablation has been studied using Energy-Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDX). The differences between carbon atomic % of non-irradiated and irradiated samples were tested using statistical t-test. Results revealed that the best fitting between energy densities and peak areas of calcium lines were exponential and linear for enamel and dentin, respectively. In addition, the ablation threshold of Nd:YAG lasers in enamel was higher than that of dentin. The morphology of the surrounded ablated region of enamel showed thermal damages. For enamel, the EDX quantitative analysis showed that the atomic % of carbon increased significantly when laser energy density increased.
authors.affiliation: Physics Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.|Lithography in Devices Fabrication and Development Research Group, DSR, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Al-Hadeethi
authors.affiliation: Physics Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Al-Jedani
authors.affiliation: Physics Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: M A N
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Razvi
authors.affiliation: Physics Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.|Thamar University, Thamar, Yemen.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Saeed
authors.affiliation: Physics Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.|Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Abdel-Daiem
authors.affiliation: Centre of Nanotechnology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: M Shahnawaze
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Ansari
authors.affiliation: Physics Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Saeed S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Babkair
authors.affiliation: Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.
authors.forename: Numan A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Salah
authors.affiliation: Physics Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Al-Mujtaba
mesh_terms: D003627:Data Interpretation, Statistical; D003743:Dental Enamel / Q000528:radiation effects*; D003804:Dentin / Q000528:radiation effects*; D006244:Hardness; D006801:Humans; D053685:Laser Therapy; D007834:Lasers; D036103:Nanotechnology; D013052:Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission; D014081:Tooth Extraction / Q000379:methods*