title: Pathogenesis of thyroid autoimmune disease: the role of cellular mechanisms.
abstract: Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) and Graves' disease (GD) are two very common organ-specific autoimmune diseases which are characterized by circulating antibodies and lymphocyte infiltration. Although humoral and cellular mechanisms have been classically considered separately in the pathogenesis of autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITD), recent research suggests a close reciprocal relationship between these two immune pathways. Several B- and T-cell activation pathways through antigen-presenting cells (APCs) and cytokine production lead to specific differentiation of T helper (Th) and T regulatory (Treg) cells. This review will focus on the cellular mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of AITD. Specifically, it will provide reasons for discarding the traditional simplistic dichotomous view of the T helper type 1 and 2 pathways (Th1/Th2) and will focus on the role of the recently characterized T cells, Treg and Th17 lymphocytes, as well as B lymphocytes and APCs, especially dendritic cells (DCs).
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/ Diego de León 62, 28006 Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Ana Maria
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Ramos-Leví
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/ Diego de León 62, 28006 Madrid, Spain. Electronic address: monica.marazuela@salud.madrid.org.
authors.forename: Mónica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Marazuela
mesh_terms: D001327:Autoimmune Diseases / Q000276:immunology*; D006111:Graves Disease / Q000276:immunology*; D050031:Hashimoto Disease / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D020381:Interleukin-17 / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology*; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000473:pathology*; D058504:Th17 Cells / Q000276:immunology*; D013959:Thyroid Diseases / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology*; D013961:Thyroid Gland / Q000737:chemistry / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: D020381:Interleukin-17
keywords: Células T reguladoras (Tregs); Enfermedad de Graves; Graves’ disease; Hashimoto's thyroiditis; T helper; T regulatory cells (Treg); Th17; Thyroid autoimmunity; Tiroideas autoinmunitarias; Tiroiditis de Hashimoto