title: Obesity, hypertension, social determinants of health and the epidemiologic transition among traditional Amazonian populations.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The health and nutritional situation of adults from three rural vulnerable Amazonian populations are investigated in relation to the Social Determinants of Health (SDH) and the epidemiologic transition.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the role of the environment and the SDH on the occurrence of chronic-degenerative diseases in these groups.
  
  
  METHODS
  Anthropometric, blood pressure and demographic data were collected in adults from the RDS Mamirauá, AM (n = 149), Flona Caxiuanã, PA (n = 148) and quilombolas, PA (n = 351), populations living in a variety of socio-ecological environments in the Brazilian Amazon.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Adjusting for the effect of age, quilombola men are taller (F = 9.85; p < 0.001) and quilombola women present with higher adiposity (F = 20.43; p < 0.001) and are more overweight/obese. Men from Mamirauá present higher adiposity (F = 9.58; p < 0.001). Mamirauá women are taller (F = 5.55; p < 0.01) and have higher values of waist circumference and subscapular/triceps index. Quilombolas present higher prevalence of hypertension in both sexes and there are significant differences in rates of hypertension among the women (χ(2) = 17.45; p < 0.01). The quilombolas are more dependent on government programmes, people from Mamirauá have more economic resources and the group from Caxiunã have the lowest SES.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In these populations, the SDH play a key role in the ontogeny of diseases and the 'diseases of modernity' occur simultaneously with the always present infectoparasitic pathologies, substantially increasing social vulnerability.
authors.affiliation: a Programa de Pós-Graduação em Antropologia & Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde , Ambiente e Sociedade na Amazônia, Laboratório de Estudos Bioantropológicos em Saúde e Meio Ambiente, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas, Universidade Federal do Pará , Belém , PA , Brazil ;
authors.forename: Hilton P
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.affiliation: b Department of Life Sciences , Research Centre for Anthropology and Health, University of Coimbra , Portugal ;
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Padez
authors.affiliation: c Programa de Pós-Graduação em Sociologia e Antropologia , Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas, Universidade Federal do Pará & Instituto de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Mamirauá , Belém , PA , Brazil ;
authors.forename: Edila A F
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Moura
authors.affiliation: a Programa de Pós-Graduação em Antropologia & Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde , Ambiente e Sociedade na Amazônia, Laboratório de Estudos Bioantropológicos em Saúde e Meio Ambiente, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas, Universidade Federal do Pará , Belém , PA , Brazil ;|d Universidade do Estado do Pará-Departamento de Ciências Naturais, Centro de Ciências Sociais e de Educação , Belém , PA , Brazil.
authors.forename: Lígia A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Filgueiras
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000886:Anthropometry; D001794:Blood Pressure; D015992:Body Mass Index; D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D003710:Demography; D005006:Ethnicity; D005260:Female; D005843:Geography; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D009765:Obesity / Q000453:epidemiology*; D044382:Population Groups / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D064890:Social Determinants of Health / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*
keywords: Riverine; anthropology; health; nutrition; quilombolas