title: Apparent Diffusion Coefficient and Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Pancreatic Cancer: Characteristics and Correlation With Histopathologic Parameters.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To clarify diffusion and perfusion abnormalities and evaluate correlation between apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), MR perfusion and histopathologic parameters of pancreatic cancer (PC).
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighteen patients with PC underwent diffusion-weighted imaging and dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI). Parameters of DCE-MRI and ADC of cancer and non-cancerous tissue were compared. Correlation between the rate constant that represents transfer of contrast agent from the arterial blood into the extravascular extracellular space (K, volume of the extravascular extracellular space per unit volume of tissue (Ve), and ADC of PC and histopathologic parameters were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The rate constant that represents transfer of contrast agent from the extravascular extracellular space into blood plasma, K, tissue volume fraction occupied by vascular space, and ADC of PC were significantly lower than nontumoral pancreases. Ve of PC was significantly higher than that of nontumoral pancreas. Apparent diffusion coefficient and K values of PC were negatively correlated to fibrosis content and fibroblast activation protein staining score. Fibrosis content was positively correlated to Ve.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Apparent diffusion coefficient values and parameters of DCE-MRI can differentiate PC from nontumoral pancreases. There are correlations between ADC, K, Ve, and fibrosis content of PC. Fibroblast activation protein staining score of PC is negatively correlated to ADC and K. Apparent diffusion coefficient, K, and Ve may be feasible to predict prognosis of PC.
authors.affiliation: From the *Department of Radiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University; †Department of Radiology, Ninth Hospital of Xi'an City, Xi'an City, People's Republic of China; ‡Department of Radiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL.
authors.forename: Wanling
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Na
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Weiwei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ren
authors.forename: Mengqi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Yingmei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.forename: Zhuoli
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Andrew C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Larson
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Huan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000465:Algorithms; D003287:Contrast Media; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D038524:Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013223:Statistics as Topic
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; C064925:gadodiamide; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA