title: Radiology's Emerging Role in 3-D Printing Applications in Health Care.
abstract: From its inception as a tool for prototype development in the early 1980s, three-dimensional (3-D) printing has made inroads into almost every sector of industry, including health care. Medical applications range from extra- and intracorporeal orthopedic devices to complex, temporal reconstructions of patient-specific anatomy that allow operative planning and education. In the contemporary climate of personalized medicine, the utility of tangible 3-D models extrapolated directly from patient imaging data seems boundless. The purpose of this review is to briefly outline the development of 3-D printing, discuss its applications across the many medical and surgical specialties, and attempt to address obstacles and opportunities facing radiology as this technology continues to be integrated into patient care.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia; Department of Pathology and Anatomy, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia.
authors.forename: Anthony P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Trace
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ortiz
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia.
authors.forename: Adam
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Deal
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia.
authors.forename: Michele
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Retrouvey
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Anatomy, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia.
authors.forename: Carrie
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Elzie
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Anatomy, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia.
authors.forename: Craig
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Goodmurphy
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia; Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia; Department of Radiology, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Hampton, Virginia; IBM Almaden Research Center, San Jose, California.
authors.forename: Jose
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Morey
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia. Electronic address: matt.hawkins@emory.edu.
authors.forename: C Matthew
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Hawkins
mesh_terms: D005544:Forecasting; D066330:Printing, Three-Dimensional / Q000639:trends*; D019736:Prostheses and Implants / Q000639:trends*; D011474:Prosthesis Design / Q000639:trends*; D017755:Prosthesis Fitting / Q000639:trends*
keywords: 3-D printing; haptic models; health care policy; prosthetics; radiology