title: Fermentation of purple Jerusalem artichoke extract to improve the α-glucosidase inhibitory effect in vitro and ameliorate blood glucose in db/db mice.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Jerusalem artichoke has inhibitory activity against α-glucosidase and decreases fasting serum glucose levels, which may be related to its fructan content. The biological activity of fructan can be influenced by the degree of polymerization. Thus, in this study, the inhibitory effects of original and fermented purple Jerusalem artichoke (PJA) on α-glucosidase were compared in vitro. Additionally, the anti-diabetes effect of Lactobacillus plantarum-fermented PJA (LJA) was studied in a non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus animal model (C57BIKsJ db/db).
  
  
  METHODS
  The water extract of PJA was fermented by L. plantarum, and two strains of Bacillus subtilis to compare their anti-α-glucosidase activities in vitro by α-glucosidase assays. The anti-diabetes effect of LJA was studied in a non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus animal model (C57BIKsJ db/db) for seven weeks. During the experiment, food intake, body weight, and fasting blood glucose were measured every week. At the end of the treatment period, several diabetic parameters and the intestinal α-glucosidase activity were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The LJA showed the highest α-glucosidase inhibitory activity in vitro. In the in vivo study, it resulted in a significantly lower blood glucose concentration than the control. Serum insulin and HDL cholesterol levels were significantly higher and the concentrations of triglycerides, non-esterified fatty acids, and total cholesterol were significant lower in mice treated with LJA after seven weeks. In addition, the intestinal α-glucosidase activity was partially inhibited.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggested that LJA regulates blood glucose and has potential use as a dietary supplement.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hallym University, 1 Hallymdeahak-gil, Chuncheon, 24252 Korea.
authors.forename: Zhiqiang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hallym University, 1 Hallymdeahak-gil, Chuncheon, 24252 Korea.
authors.forename: Seung Hwan
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.affiliation: Natural Resources Commercialization, Chuncheon Bioindustry Foundation, Chuncheon, 24252 Korea.; Frontbio Co. Ltd., Chuncheon, 24252 Korea.
authors.forename: Sun Youb
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hallym University, 1 Hallymdeahak-gil, Chuncheon, 24252 Korea.; Institute of Natural Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, 24252 Korea.
authors.forename: Soon Sung
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Lim
keywords: Lactobacillus plantarum; diabetes mellitus; fructan; jerusalem artichoke; α-Glucosidase