title: Anti-photoageing and anti-melanogenesis activities of chrysin.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Melanin plays an important role in preventing skin photoageing by blocking ultraviolet B (UVB). However, East Asian women prefer light and fair skin, therefore they want to keep their skin from photoageing and at the same time reduce the melanin in their skin. Chrysin is a kind of natural flavonoid with luxurious biological activities, which has a very promising effect on achieving this goal.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To elucidate the effects and mechanisms of chrysin on photoageing and melanogenesis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Human dermal fibroblasts (HDF) and B16 murine melanoma cells were incubated with chrysin (0-25 μM) for 48 h. Anti-photoageing activity was examined in HDF by assessment of synthesis/degradation of collagen I, antioxidative and antisenescent activities through ELISA and colorimetric method. Anti-melanogenesis activity was tested by assessment of melanin, tyrosinase (TYR), melanogenic proteins inhibition activities in B16 cells using colorimetric and ELISA method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Chrysin increased collagen I secretion (50-121.54% at 6.25-25 μM) and chrysin showed anti-photoageing activity by decreasing the degradation of collagen I, repairing oxidation damage and reducing the rate of HDF senescence. Furthermore, chrysin exhibited inhibitory activities with 3.00-20.35% reduction of melanin content at 6.25-25 μM, and inhibited melanin synthesis through the inhibition of TYR activity and the suppression of melanogenic proteins (TYR, TYR-related protein-1/2 and microphthalmia-associated transcription factor) expressions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Chrysin may have potential for developing a functional cosmetic agent because of its anti-photoageing and anti-melanogenesis activities.
authors.affiliation: a State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering , East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai , P.R. China.|b Shanghai Institute of Biomanufacturing Technology , Shanghai , P.R. China.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: a State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering , East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai , P.R. China.|b Shanghai Institute of Biomanufacturing Technology , Shanghai , P.R. China.
authors.forename: Yue
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: a State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering , East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai , P.R. China.|b Shanghai Institute of Biomanufacturing Technology , Shanghai , P.R. China.
authors.forename: Wan-Guo
authors.initials: WG
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: c Shanghai Inoherb Cosmetics Co. Ltd. , Shanghai , P.R. China.
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: a State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering , East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai , P.R. China.|b Shanghai Institute of Biomanufacturing Technology , Shanghai , P.R. China.
authors.forename: Yan-Hua
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Lu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003094:Collagen / Q000378:metabolism; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008543:Melanins / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D051379:Mice; D014442:Monophenol Monooxygenase / Q000378:metabolism; D015595:Skin Aging / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D005419:Flavonoids; D008543:Melanins; C043561:chrysin; D003094:Collagen; D014442:Monophenol Monooxygenase; D005978:Glutathione
keywords: B16 murine melanoma cells; flavonoid; human dermal fibroblasts; melanogenesis; photoageing