title: Association between Health Care Utilization with Asthma Control Levels among a Sample of Adult Patients in Puerto Rico.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Asthma is an important and serious public health problem in Puerto Rico; however, very few studies measuring the association between health care utilization and asthma control levels in adult asthma patients in Puerto Rico have been done.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study is secondary analysis of an observational and cross-sectional database generated by the Latin American Asthma Insights and Management (LA AIM) survey. Our sub-sample consisted of adults 18 years or older living with asthma, representing a total of 343 individuals. This study determined the numbers of ambulatory physician visits, emergency visits to a physician or an emergency room, and hospitalizations that took place the 12 months prior to the survey. Patients were characterized as having well-controlled, partly controlled, or uncontrolled asthma. Descriptive and inferential statistics were performed to detect differences in the mean and number of events for physician visits, emergency visits, and hospitalizations by asthma control groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After adjusting for age, sex, and chronic health conditions (other than asthma), adult asthma patients with controlled asthma had 92.0% fewer physician visits, 82.5% fewer emergency visits, and 92.2% fewer hospitalizations than did those with uncontrolled asthma.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Interventions geared toward controlling asthma symptoms and clinical manifestations in adults asthma patients-which interventions might include strategies for controlling environmental risk factors, increasing patient and family education with regard to asthma management, and boosting the use of appropriate and effective medications-may have significant potential in terms of reducing the direct and indirect costs of asthma, costs that have a critical impact on the whole health care system.
authors.affiliation: Health Services Administration Department, School of Public Health, University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, PR.
authors.forename: Heriberto A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Marín-Centeno
authors.affiliation: Biostatistics and Epidemiology Department, School of Public Health, University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, PR.
authors.forename: Gilberto
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ramos-Valencia
authors.affiliation: Health Services Administration Department, School of Public Health, University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, PR.
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rodríguez-Sánchez
authors.affiliation: Environmental Health Department, School of Public Health, University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, PR.
authors.forename: Jesús
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: González-Gavillán
authors.affiliation: Dental Medicine School and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, PR.
authors.forename: Elba C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Díaz-Toro
authors.affiliation: Health Systems Analysis and Management Doctoral Program, Health Services Administration Department, School of Public Health, University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, PR.
authors.forename: Mariela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Torres-Cintrón
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001249:Asthma / Q000628:therapy*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003695:Delivery of Health Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010342:Patient Acceptance of Health Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011647:Puerto Rico; D012307:Risk Factors; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Adult asthma patients; Controlled asthma; Emergency room use; Hospitalizations; Uncontrolled asthma