title: Advanced zinc-doped adhesives for high performance at the resin-carious dentin interface.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the remineralization ability of an etch-and-rinse Zn-doped resin applied on caries-affected dentin (CAD). CAD surfaces were subjected to: (i) 37% phosphoric acid (PA) or (ii) 0.5M ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). 10wt% ZnO nanoparticles or 2wt% ZnCl2 were added into the adhesive Single Bond (SB), to create the following groups: PA+SB, PA+SB-ZnO, PA+SB-ZnCl2, EDTA+SB, EDTA+SB-ZnO, EDTA+SB-ZnCl2. Bonded interfaces were submitted to mechanical loading or stored during 24h. Remineralization of the bonded interfaces was studied by AFM nano-indentation (hardness and Young׳s modulus), Raman spectroscopy [mapping with principal component analysis (PCA), and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA)] and Masson׳s trichrome staining technique. Dentin samples treated with PA+SB-ZnO attained the highest values of nano-mechanical properties. Load cycling increased both mineralization and crystallographic maturity at the interface; this effect was specially noticed when using ZnCl2-doped resin in EDTA-treated carious dentin. Crosslinking attained higher frequencies indicating better conformation and organization of collagen in specimens treated with PA+SB-ZnO, after load cycling. Trichrome staining technique depicted a deeper demineralized dentin fringe that became reduced after loading, and it was not observable in EDTA+SB groups. Multivariate analysis confirmed de homogenizing effect of load cycling in the percentage of variances, traces of centroids and distribution of clusters, especially in specimens treated with EDTA+SB-ZnCl2.
authors.affiliation: University of Granada, Faculty of Dentistry, Dental Materials Section, Spain. Electronic address: toledano@ugr.es.
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Toledano
authors.affiliation: University of Granada, Faculty of Dentistry, Dental Materials Section, Spain.
authors.forename: Raquel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Osorio
authors.affiliation: University of Granada, Faculty of Dentistry, Dental Materials Section, Spain.
authors.forename: Estrella
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Osorio
authors.affiliation: Bioscience Research Center, College of Dentistry, University of Tennessee, Health Science Center, 875 Union Avenue, Spain.
authors.forename: Franklin
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: García-Godoy
authors.affiliation: University of Granada, Faculty of Dentistry, Dental Materials Section, Spain.
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Toledano-Osorio
authors.affiliation: University of Granada, Faculty of Dentistry, Dental Materials Section, Spain.
authors.forename: Fátima S
authors.initials: FS
authors.lastname: Aguilera
mesh_terms: D000269:Adhesives / Q000737:chemistry*; D001840:Dental Bonding; D003731:Dental Caries; D003804:Dentin; D017220:Dentin-Bonding Agents / Q000737:chemistry*; D055119:Elastic Modulus; D006244:Hardness; D006801:Humans; D008422:Materials Testing; D019279:Resin Cements; D013718:Tensile Strength; D015032:Zinc
chemical_list: D000269:Adhesives; D017220:Dentin-Bonding Agents; D019279:Resin Cements; D015032:Zinc
keywords: Caries; Dentin; Load cycling; Raman; Remineralization; Zn-doped adhesives