title: ALA-induced fluorescence image guided surgery of meningiomas: A meta-analyses.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Though meningiomas are often benign and well circumscribed in nature, many are associated with recurrences and poor outcome because of their attachment to neurovascular nearby structures or invasion of adjacent venous sinuses or bone, forcing incomplete excision and deployment of further salvage therapy. Recently, ALA-FIGS has been reported as an aid to increase the chances of complete resection and minimizing collateral damage.
  
  
  METHODS
  Critical review and meta-analyses of the literature published to date. All studies reporting ALA-FIGS in meningiomas were critically reviewed. Nineteen studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria with a total of 222 patients, of which 206 were included in the meta-analyses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  ALA-FIGS was highly specific, and highly sensitive (95%, range 91.8-97.7%). There was no correlation between WHO grading (WHO grade I versus WHO grades II & III) and fluorescence (odds ratio 1.2, p>0.05). ALA-FIGS altered the surgical plan intraoperatively in 75% of high-grade and 19% of low-grade meningiomas, improving the extent of surgical excision. ALA-FIGS was also highly sensitive and specific in differentiating hypertrophy and tumor invasion of adjacent dura and bone.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ALA-FIGS in meningiomas is very selective, highly sensitive, and improves the extent of surgical resection in meningiomas. Long-term outcome of these tumors in the future should be categorized into those with and without residual fluorescent tissue. A new surgical resection grading system based on ALA-FIGS is proposed.
authors.affiliation: Neurosciences, The University of Dundee and HTNMS, Scotland, UK.
authors.forename: Naomi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Foster
authors.affiliation: Neurosciences, The University of Dundee and HTNMS, Scotland, UK. Electronic address: professor.ms.eljamel@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Sam
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Eljamel
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000622:Aminolevulinic Acid; D003287:Contrast Media; D005260:Female; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D000072662:Margins of Excision; D008577:Meningeal Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D008579:Meningioma / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence / Q000379:methods; D008875:Middle Aged; D060787:Neoplasm Grading; D015995:Prevalence; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D025321:Surgery, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D000622:Aminolevulinic Acid
keywords: ALA; Fluorescence; Meningioma; Surgery