title: 3D culture of Her2+ breast cancer cells promotes AKT to MAPK switching and a loss of therapeutic response.
abstract: The Her2 receptor is overexpressed in up to 25 % of breast cancers and is associated with a poor prognosis. Around half of Her2+ breast cancers also express the estrogen receptor and treatment for such tumours can involve both endocrine and Her2-targeted therapies. However, despite preclinical data supporting the effectiveness of these agents, responses can vary widely in the clinical setting. In light of the increasing evidence pointing to the interplay between the tumour and its extracellular microenvironment as a significant determinant of therapeutic sensitivity and response here we investigated the impact of 3D matrix culture of breast cancer cells on their therapeutic sensitivity.
  
  
  
  A 3D Matrigel-based culture system was established and optimized for the growth of ER+/Her2+ breast cancer cell models. Growth of cells in response to trastuzumab and endocrine agents in 3D culture versus routine monolayer culture were assessed using cell counting and Ki67 staining. Endogenous and trastuzumab-modulated signalling pathway activity in 2D and 3D cultures were assessed using Western blotting.
  
  
  
  Breast cancer cells in 3D culture displayed an attenuated response to both endocrine agents and trastuzumab compared with cells cultured in traditional 2D monolayers. Underlying this phenomenon was an apparent matrix-induced shift from AKT to MAPK signalling; consequently, suppression of MAPK in 3D cultures restores therapeutic response.
  
  
  
  These data suggest that breast cancer cells in 3D culture display a reduced sensitivity to therapeutic agents which may be mediated by internal MAPK-mediated signalling. Targeting of adaptive pathways that maintain growth in 3D culture may represent an effective strategy to improve therapeutic response clinically.
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Redwood Building, CF10 3NB, Cardiff, UK.|Velindre Cancer Centre, Whitchurch Road, Cardiff, UK.
authors.forename: Sharath
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gangadhara
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Redwood Building, CF10 3NB, Cardiff, UK.|Velindre Cancer Centre, Whitchurch Road, Cardiff, UK.
authors.forename: Chris
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.affiliation: Velindre Cancer Centre, Whitchurch Road, Cardiff, UK.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Barrett-Lee
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Redwood Building, CF10 3NB, Cardiff, UK. HiscoxSE1@cardiff.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hiscox
mesh_terms: D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal / Q000494:pharmacology; D015153:Blotting, Western; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D005109:Extracellular Matrix; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000378:metabolism*; D018719:Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases / Q000096:biosynthesis; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D000068878:Trastuzumab / Q000494:pharmacology; D059016:Tumor Microenvironment / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D018719:Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases; D000068878:Trastuzumab; C508053:ERBB2 protein, human
keywords: 3D culture; AKT; Her2+ breast cancer; MAPK; Therapeutic response