title: Synthesis and characterisation of metal nanoparticles and their effects on seed germination and seedling growth in commercially important Eruca sativa.
abstract: The synthesis, characterisation and application of metal nanoparticles have become an important and attractive branch of nanotechnology. In current study, metallic nanoparticles of silver, copper, and gold were synthesised using environment friendly method (polyols process), and applied on medicinally important plant: Eruca sativa. Effects of application of these nanoparticles were evaluated on seed germination frequency and biochemical parameters of plant tissues. Seeds of E. sativa were germinated on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium incorporated with various combinations of nanoparticles suspension (30 µg/ml). Phytotoxicity study showed that nanoparticles could induce stress in plants by manipulating the endogenous mechanisms. In response to these stresses, plants release various defensive compounds; known as antioxidant secondary metabolites. These plants derived secondary metabolites having a great potential in treating the common human ailments. In the authors study, small-sized nanoparticles showed higher toxicity levels and enhanced secondary metabolites production, total protein content, total flavonoids content and total phenolics content.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Mehreen
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zaka
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan. bhabbasi@qau.edu.pk.
authors.forename: Bilal Haider
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Abbasi
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Latif-Ur
authors.initials: LU
authors.lastname: Rahman
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Afzal
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shah
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Muhammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zia
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000032:analysis; D019607:Brassicaceae / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects*; D018525:Germination / Q000187:drug effects*; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000633:toxicity*; D019216:Metals, Heavy / Q000633:toxicity; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D010636:Phenols / Q000032:analysis; D036226:Seedlings / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D019216:Metals, Heavy; D010636:Phenols