title: Maxillofacial Traumas in Farmers Caused by Farm Animals, Agricultural Vehicles, and Materials.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  It has been aimed at evaluating the relationship of maxillofacial fractures in farmers, which are caused due to traumas while working in farms, with trauma etiologies, maxillofacial fracture areas, age, sex, and seasonal variables.
  
  
  METHODS
  Among the farmers who have come to our emergency service unit as a result of maxillofacial trauma between 2010 and 2012, 146 patients have been analyzed retrospectively. The patients' demographic findings, trauma etiologies, seasonal variables of trauma, and maxillofacial fracture area distribution have been analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients' age varies between 12 and 80 and 87 of them are female (59.59%), while 59 are male (40.41%). The subjects' etiological distribution is as follows: 47.5% is traumas caused by cattle among the farm animals; 15.75% is traumas caused by the blows of agricultural tools; 12.33% is traumas caused by tractor accidents; 9.59% is traumas caused by falling from haystacks; 7.53% is traumas caused by falling from agricultural vehicles, and 6.85% is traumas caused by horse kicks. When trauma etiology, age, sex, seasonal distribution, and the maxillofacial fractures were analyzed, statistically significant results have been determined.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although the number of maxillofacial traumas is considerably high in farmers due to farm animals, agricultural devices, and agricultural tools, while these traumas can cause functional and aesthetically minor fractures on the face, they can cause important and serious fractures as well. While knowing the mechanism of etiological fractures and accidents in different study groups can be guiding in the speedy diagnosis and treatment of possible fractures, it can also be helpful in taking precautions against traumas in these groups as well.
authors.affiliation: *Otolaryngolgy Clinic, Kanuni Sultan Suleyman Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul †Otolaryngology Clinic, Memorial Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Taliye
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Cakabay
authors.forename: Ozan
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Gokdogan
authors.forename: Selin Üstün
authors.initials: SÜ
authors.lastname: Bezgin
authors.forename: Murat
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kocyigit
mesh_terms: D000058:Accidental Falls; D000059:Accidents; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000818:Animals; D000829:Animals, Domestic; D002648:Child; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008446:Maxillofacial Injuries / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D015541:Off-Road Motor Vehicles; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D055815:Young Adult