title: From FOX-7 to H-FOX to insensitive energetic materials with hypergolic properties.
abstract: Nitrogen/halogen rich derivatives, , , , and of FOX-7 (1,1-diamino-2,2-dinitroethene), and H-FOX (1-hydrazinyl-2,2-dinitroethenamine) have been synthesized, characterized and found to exhibit good energetic properties. Compound displays hypergolic properties with commonly utilized fuels such as monomethyl hydrazine (MMH), and hydrazine hydrate (HH), as well as with ethylenediamine (EN), and 1,3-diaminopropane (DAP) showing ignition delay times between 2.5 to 10 ms. Additionally, the hypergolic properties of 4 and 8 were further studied by using ammonia borane as a fuel solubilized in a green ionic liquid, 1-allyl-3-methyl imidazolium dicyanamide, (1 : 1 molar ratio). This is a new role for a derivative of H-FOX. The energetic and physical properties of all the molecules were either measured or calculated. All of materials were characterized by NMR, and infrared spectra, elemental analyses, and differential scanning calorimetry. Single crystal X-ray structural measurements for and were helpful in their confirmation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844-2343, USA. jshreeve@uidaho.edu.
authors.forename: Dharavath
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Srinivas
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
authors.forename: Lauren A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Mitchell
authors.affiliation: Naval Research Laboratory, Code 6030, Washington, D.C. 20375-5001, USA.
authors.forename: Damon A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Parrish
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844-2343, USA. jshreeve@uidaho.edu.
authors.forename: Jean'ne M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Shreeve