title: Regeneration of hair and other skin appendages: A microenvironment-centric view.
abstract: Advances in skin regeneration have resulted in techniques and products that have allowed regeneration of both the dermis and epidermis. Yet complete skin regeneration requires the adnexal skin structures. Thus it is crucial to understand the regenerative potential of hair follicles where genetic, nutritional, and hormonal influences have important effects and are critical for skin regeneration. The follicular stem cell niche serves as an anatomical compartment, a structural unit, a functional integrator, and a dynamic regulator necessary to sustain internal homeostasis and respond to outside stimuli. In particular, mechanics such as pressure, compression, friction, traction, stretch, shear, and mechanical wounding can influence hair loss or growth. Relevant niche signaling pathways such as Wnt, bone morphogenetic protein, fibroblast growth factor, Shh, and Notch may yield potential targets for therapeutic interventions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Medical Center, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Chenyu
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Yanan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Du
authors.affiliation: Division of Plastic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.|Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Christoph S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Nabzdyk
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Rei
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ogawa
authors.affiliation: Men's Health Clinic Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Taro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Koyama
authors.affiliation: Division of Plastic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Dennis P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Orgill
authors.affiliation: Institute of Basic Medical Science, The General Hospital of PLA, Beijing, China. fuxiaobing@vip.sina.com.
authors.forename: Xiaobing
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Fu