title: Surgical Management of Stones: American Urological Association/Endourological Society Guideline, PART II.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This Guideline is intended to provide a clinical framework for the surgical management of patients with kidney and/or ureteral stones. The summary presented herein represents Part II of the two-part series dedicated to Surgical Management of Stones: American Urological Association/Endourological Society Guideline. Please refer to Part I for introductory information and a discussion of pre-operative imaging and special cases.
  
  
  METHODS
  A systematic review of the literature (search dates 1/1/1985 to 5/31/2015) was conducted to identify peer-reviewed studies relevant to the surgical management of stones. The review yielded an evidence base of 1,911 articles after application of inclusion/exclusion criteria. These publications were used to create the Guideline statements. Evidence-based statements of Strong, Moderate, or Conditional Recommendation were developed based on benefits and risks/burdens to patients. Additional directives are provided as Clinical Principles and Expert Opinions when insufficient evidence existed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The Panel identified 12 adult Index Patients to represent the most common cases seen in clinical practice. Three additional Index Patients were also created to describe the more commonly encountered special cases, including pediatric and pregnant patients. With these patients in mind, Guideline statements were developed to aid the clinician in identifying optimal management.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Proper treatment selection, which is directed by patient- and stone-specific factors, remains the greatest predictor of successful treatment outcomes. This Guideline is intended for use in conjunction with the individual patient's treatment goals. In all cases, patient preferences and personal goals should be considered when choosing a management strategy.
authors.affiliation: American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc., Linthicum, Maryland.
authors.forename: Dean
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Assimos
authors.affiliation: American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc., Linthicum, Maryland.
authors.forename: Amy
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Krambeck
authors.affiliation: American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc., Linthicum, Maryland.
authors.forename: Nicole L
authors.initials: NL
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.affiliation: American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc., Linthicum, Maryland.
authors.forename: Manoj
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Monga
authors.affiliation: American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc., Linthicum, Maryland.
authors.forename: M Hassan
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Murad
authors.affiliation: American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc., Linthicum, Maryland.
authors.forename: Caleb P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Nelson
authors.affiliation: American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc., Linthicum, Maryland.
authors.forename: Kenneth T
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Pace
authors.affiliation: American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc., Linthicum, Maryland.
authors.forename: Vernon M
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Pais
authors.affiliation: American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc., Linthicum, Maryland.
authors.forename: Margaret S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Pearle
authors.affiliation: American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc., Linthicum, Maryland.
authors.forename: Glenn M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Preminger
authors.affiliation: American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc., Linthicum, Maryland.
authors.forename: Hassan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Razvi
authors.affiliation: American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc., Linthicum, Maryland.
authors.forename: Ojas
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Shah
authors.affiliation: American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc., Linthicum, Maryland.
authors.forename: Brian R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Matlaga
mesh_terms: D019468:Disease Management; D004724:Endoscopy / Q000592:standards*; D006801:Humans; D007669:Kidney Calculi / Q000601:surgery*; D057240:Patient Preference; D012955:Societies, Medical; D014481:United States; D013520:Urologic Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards*; D014572:Urology
keywords: nephrolithiasis; nephrostomy, percutaneous; ureteroscopy