title: New mouse model of skeletal muscle atrophy using spiral wire immobilization.
abstract: Disuse-induced skeletal muscle atrophy is a serious concern; however, there is not an effective mouse model to elucidate the molecular mechanisms. We developed a noninvasive atrophy model in mice.
  
  
  
  After the ankle joints of mice were bandaged into a bilateral plantar flexed position, either bilateral or unilateral hindlimbs were immobilized by wrapping in bonsai steel wire.
  
  
  
  After 3, 5, or 10 days of immobilization of the hip, knee, and ankle, the weight of the soleus and plantaris muscles decreased significantly in both bilateral and unilateral immobilization. MAFbx/atrogin-1 and MuRF1 mRNA was found to have significantly increased in both muscles, consistent with disuse-induced atrophy. Notably, the procedure did not result in either edema or necrosis in the fixed hindlimbs.
  
  
  
  This method allows repeated, direct access to the immobilized muscle, making it a useful procedure for concurrent application and assessment of various therapeutic interventions. Muscle Nerve 54: 788-791, 2016.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8605, Japan.
authors.forename: Akiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Onda
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8605, Japan. kono@med.teikyo-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Hajime
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kono
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Hangzhou Cardiovascular Disease Institute, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.
authors.forename: Qibin
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Jiao
authors.affiliation: Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Takayuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Akimoto
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Japan.
authors.forename: Toshikazu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Miyamoto
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation for the Movement Functions, Research Institute, National Rehabilitation Center for Persons with Disabilities, Saitama, Japan.
authors.forename: Yasuhiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sawada
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Saitama, Japan.
authors.forename: Katsuhiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell Physiology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoichiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kusakari
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell Physiology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Susumu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Minamisawa
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Saitama, Japan.
authors.forename: Toru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fukubayashi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D007103:Immobilization / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000503:physiopathology*; D009133:Muscular Atrophy / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011897:Random Allocation
keywords: MAFbx/atrogin-1; MuRF1; disuse; immobilization; skeletal muscle atrophy