title: Antioxidant enzymes in oral verrucous carcinoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Verrucous carcinoma is a non-metastasizing variant of welldifferentiated squamous cell carcinoma, which has been associated with reactive oxygen species generated by betel quid chewing. Salivary antioxidant systems have been suggested to play a protective role in reducing the oxidative damage. Herein, we investigated the difference of the enzymatic antioxidant system expressions in oral verrucous carcinoma and oral squamous cell carcinoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  The enzymatic antioxidant system expressions, including manganese superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase were evaluated by immunohistochemistry in a series of 202 surgically resected oral squamous cell carcinoma and 20 oral verrucous carcinoma specimens, using tissue microarray slides.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The immuno-staining intensities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase were strongest in the oral squamous cell carcinoma group than in verrucous carcinoma. The catalase expression showed no difference between different pathological groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The different degrees of superoxide dismutase and glutathione expressions in verrucous carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma may be helpful for pathologists to differentiate these two entities, especially between oral verrucous carcinoma and well differentiated oral squamous cell carcinoma.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.|Yuh-Ing Junior College of Health Care & Management, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Ting-Ying
authors.initials: TY
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.|Department of Nursing, Meiho University, Pingtung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Meng-Han
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Tsai
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Jyh-Seng
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.|Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Luo-Ping
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Ger
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology; D018289:Carcinoma, Verrucous / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009062:Mouth Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D002374:Catalase; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase
keywords: antioxidant enzyme; glutathione peroxidase; manganese superoxide dismutase; oral cancer; squamous cell carcinoma; verrucous carcinoma