title: Serum Fatty Acids Are Correlated with Inflammatory Cytokines in Ulcerative Colitis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Ulcerative colitis (UC) is associated with increased dietary intake of fat and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). Modification of fat metabolism may alter inflammation and disease severity. Our aim was to assess differences in dietary and serum fatty acid levels between control and UC subjects and associations with disease activity and inflammatory cytokines.
  
  
  METHODS
  Dietary histories, serum, and colonic tissue samples were prospectively collected from 137 UC subjects and 38 controls. Both histologic injury and the Mayo Disease Activity Index were assessed. Serum and tissue cytokines were measured by Luminex assay. Serum fatty acids were obtained by gas chromatography.
  
  
  RESULTS
  UC subjects had increased total fat and oleic acid (OA) intake, but decreased arachidonic acid (AA) intake vs controls. In serum, there was less percent saturated fatty acid (SFA) and AA, with higher monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), linoleic acid, OA, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) in UC. Tissue cytokine levels were directly correlated with SFA and inversely correlated with PUFA, EPA, and DPA in UC subjects, but not controls. 5-aminosalicylic acid therapy blunted these associations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In summary, we found differences in serum fatty acids in UC subjects that correlated with pro-inflammatory tissue cytokines. We propose that fatty acids may affect cytokine production and thus be immunomodulatory in UC.
authors.affiliation: Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America.|Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America.
authors.forename: Dawn M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Wiese
authors.affiliation: Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America.|Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America.
authors.forename: Sara N
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Horst
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America.
authors.forename: Caroline T
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America.
authors.forename: Margaret M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Allaman
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America.
authors.forename: Mallary E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Hodges
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America.
authors.forename: James C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Slaughter
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America.|University of Central Florida, College of Medicine, Orlando, Florida, United States of America.
authors.forename: Jennifer P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Druce
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America.
authors.forename: Dawn B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Beaulieu
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America.
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Schwartz
authors.affiliation: Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America.|Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America.|Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America.|Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America.
authors.forename: Keith T
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.affiliation: Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America.|Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America.
authors.forename: Lori A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Coburn
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003093:Colitis, Ulcerative / Q000097:blood* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology; D003106:Colon / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood*; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D019804:Mesalamine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated; D019804:Mesalamine