title: Learning curves for laparoscopic hysterectomy after implementation of minimally invasive surgery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the learning process for total laparoscopic hysterectomy (TLH) and laparoscopic supracervical hysterectomy (LSH) for benign uterine pathologies among surgeons inexperienced in laparoscopy.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective comparative study was conducted of all hysterectomies performed by four attending surgeons and three resident surgeons at a tertiary university center in Homburg/Saar, Germany. Laparoscopic procedures were assessed between October 1, 2009, and October 31, 2010 (period A); November 1, 2010, and March 31, 2012 (period B); and April 1, 2012, and June 30, 2013 (period C). Data were obtained by medical chart review.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall, 269 patients underwent TLH and 165 underwent LSH. Duration of surgery for all surgeons decreased from 136 ± 60 minutes in period A to 118 ± 44 minutes in period B (P=0.013), but increased to 122 ± 56 minutes in period C (A vs C: P=0.067). Among attending surgeons, the duration of surgery seemed to decrease after 20 TLH procedures and after 10 LSH procedures. Among resident surgeons, duration decreased after 10 LSH procedures; no fall was apparent for TLH.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Both TLH and LSH were readily adopted among a group of surgeons inexperienced in laparoscopy, although LSH might be easier to learn. Experienced surgeons have a steeper learning curve than do their inexperienced counterparts.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg/Saar, Germany. Electronic address: russalina.mavrova@uks.eu.
authors.forename: Russalina
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mavrova
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg/Saar, Germany.
authors.forename: Julia C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Radosa
authors.affiliation: Institute of Medical Biometry, Epidemiology and Medical Informatics, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg/Saar, Germany.
authors.forename: Gudrun
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wagenpfeil
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg/Saar, Germany.
authors.forename: Amr
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hamza
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg/Saar, Germany.
authors.forename: Erich-Franz
authors.initials: EF
authors.lastname: Solomayer
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg/Saar, Germany.
authors.forename: Ingolf
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Juhasz-Böss
mesh_terms: D000046:Academic Medical Centers; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D005858:Germany; D006801:Humans; D007044:Hysterectomy / Q000193:education*; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000193:education*; D059032:Learning Curve; D007902:Length of Stay; D016014:Linear Models; D008875:Middle Aged; D019060:Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures / Q000592:standards*; D061646:Operative Time; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D062606:Tertiary Care Centers; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014591:Uterine Diseases / Q000601:surgery; D014599:Uterus / Q000601:surgery*
keywords: Hysterectomy; Laparoscopic supracervical hysterectomy; Laparoscopy; Learning curves; Total laparoscopic hysterectomy