title: SPME as a promising tool in translational medicine and drug discovery: From bench to bedside.
abstract: Solid phase microextraction (SPME) is a technology where a small amount of an extracting phase dispersed on a solid support is exposed to the sample for a well-defined period of time. The open-bed geometry and biocompatibility of the materials used for manufacturing of the devices makes it very convenient tool for direct extraction from complex biological matrices. The flexibility of the formats permits tailoring the method according the needs of the particular application. Number of studies concerning monitoring of drugs and their metabolites, analysis of metabolome of volatile as well as non-volatile compounds, determination of ligand-protein binding, permeability and compound toxicity was already reported. All these applications were performed in different matrices including biological fluids and tissues, cell cultures, and in living animals. The low invasiveness of in vivo SPME, ability of using very small sample volumes and analysis of cell cultures permits to address the rule of 3R, which is currently acknowledged ethical standard in R&D labs. In the current review systematic evaluation of the applicability of SPME to studies required to be conduct at different stages of drug discovery and development and translational medicine is presented. The advantages and challenges are discussed based on the examples directly showing given experimental design or on the studies, which could be translated to the models routinely used in drug development process.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacodynamics and Molecular Pharmacology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Toruń, Poland.
authors.forename: Krzysztof
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Goryński
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacodynamics and Molecular Pharmacology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Toruń, Poland.
authors.forename: Paulina
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Goryńska
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacodynamics and Molecular Pharmacology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Toruń, Poland.
authors.forename: Agnieszka
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Górska
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacodynamics and Molecular Pharmacology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Toruń, Poland; Hospital Pharmacy, 10(th) Military Research Hospital and Polyclinic Independent Public Healthcare Center in Bydgoszcz, Bydgoszcz, Poland.
authors.forename: Tomasz
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Harężlak
authors.affiliation: Department and Institute of Nutrition and Dietetics, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Toruń, Poland; Department and Clinic of Geriatrics, Faculty of Health Science, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Toruń, Poland.
authors.forename: Alina
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jaroch
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacodynamics and Molecular Pharmacology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Toruń, Poland.
authors.forename: Karol
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Jaroch
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacodynamics and Molecular Pharmacology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Toruń, Poland.
authors.forename: Sofia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lendor
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacodynamics and Molecular Pharmacology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Toruń, Poland.
authors.forename: Cezary
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Skobowiat
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacodynamics and Molecular Pharmacology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Toruń, Poland. Electronic address: bbojko@cm.umk.pl.
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bojko
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D003603:Cytotoxins / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D055808:Drug Discovery / Q000379:methods* / Q000639:trends; D006801:Humans; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D011485:Protein Binding / Q000502:physiology; D052617:Solid Phase Microextraction / Q000379:methods* / Q000639:trends; D057170:Translational Research, Biomedical / Q000379:methods* / Q000639:trends
chemical_list: D003603:Cytotoxins; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations
keywords: Analysis; Animal studies; Cell culturing; Drug; Drug discovery; In vivo analysis; SPME; Solid phase microextraction; Translational medicine