title: Sox11 Balances Dendritic Morphogenesis with Neuronal Migration in the Developing Cerebral Cortex.
abstract: The coordinated mechanisms balancing promotion and suppression of dendritic morphogenesis are crucial for the development of the cerebral cortex. Although previous studies have revealed important transcription factors that promote dendritic morphogenesis during development, those that suppress dendritic morphogenesis are still largely unknown. Here we found that the expression levels of the transcription factor Sox11 decreased dramatically during dendritic morphogenesis. Our loss- and gain-of-function studies using postnatal electroporation and in utero electroporation indicate that Sox11 is necessary and sufficient for inhibiting dendritic morphogenesis of excitatory neurons in the mouse cerebral cortex during development. Interestingly, we found that precocious suppression of Sox11 expression caused precocious branching of neurites and a neuronal migration defect. We also found that the end of radial migration induced the reduction of Sox11 expression. These findings indicate that suppression of dendritic morphogenesis by Sox11 during radial migration is crucial for the formation of the cerebral cortex.
  
  
  
  Because dendritic morphology has profound impacts on neuronal information processing, the mechanisms underlying dendritic morphogenesis during development are of great interest. Our loss- and gain-of-function studies indicate that Sox11 is necessary and sufficient for inhibiting dendritic morphogenesis of excitatory neurons in the mouse cerebral cortex during development. Interestingly, we found that precocious suppression of Sox11 expression caused a neuronal migration defect. These findings indicate that suppression of dendritic morphogenesis by Sox11 during radial migration is crucial for the formation of the cerebral cortex.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, and Brain/Liver Interface Medicine Research Center, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa 920-8640, Japan, Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan, and.
authors.forename: Yoshio
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-8906-7900
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hoshiba
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, and Brain/Liver Interface Medicine Research Center, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa 920-8640, Japan, Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan, and.
authors.forename: Tomohisa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Toda
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, and Brain/Liver Interface Medicine Research Center, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa 920-8640, Japan, Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan, and.
authors.forename: Haruka
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ebisu
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, and Brain/Liver Interface Medicine Research Center, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa 920-8640, Japan, Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan, and.
authors.forename: Mayu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wakimoto
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular Biochemistry, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-03, Japan.
authors.forename: Shigeru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yanagi
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, and Brain/Liver Interface Medicine Research Center, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa 920-8640, Japan, kawasaki-labo@umin.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kawasaki
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000502:physiology*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000196:embryology* / Q000254:growth & development*; D003712:Dendrites / Q000502:physiology* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D005260:Female; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D009024:Morphogenesis / Q000502:physiology; D055495:Neurogenesis / Q000502:physiology*; D009474:Neurons / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology; D055751:SOXC Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D055751:SOXC Transcription Factors; C490793:Sox11 protein, mouse
keywords: Sox11; cerebral cortex; dendritic development; radial migration; transcription factor