title: [Effect of Ginsenoside Rg2 and Its Stereoisomers on Oxygen-Glucose Deprivation and Reperfusion Induced Cortical Neuronal Injury Model].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To observe the effect of natural type ginsenoside Rg2 (Rg2) and its stereoisomers [20 (R)-Rg2 and 20 (S)-Rg2] at different concentrations on oxygen-glucose deprivation/ reperfusion (OGD/R) induced cortical neuronal injury model in vitro, and to explore the mechanism, and compare their differences of action.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cortical neurons after 7-day culture were randomly divided into 5 groups, i.e., the control group, the model group, the Rg2 group, 20 (R) -Rg2 group, and 20 (S) - Rg2 group. Cortical neurons in the Rg2 group, 20 (R)-Rg2 group, and 20(S)-Rg2 group were pretreated with 20, 40, and 80 μmol/L Rg2, 20 (R) -Rg2, and 20 (S) -Rg2 for 24 h to prepare OGD/R model. The cell survival rate, the activity of Caspase-3, the intracellular Ca2+ concentration, contents of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were detected 24 h later.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with the control group, cell survival rates and activities of SOD obviously decreased, the activity of Caspase-3, Ca2+ fluorescent optical gray value, and contents of MDA significantly increased with statistical difference (P < 0.05). Compared with the model group, cell survival rates and activities of SOD obviously increased, the activity of Caspase-3, Ca2+ fluorescent optical gray value, and contents of MDA significantly decreased in 20 μmol/L Rg2 group, 40 μmol/L 20 (R) -Rg2 group, and 80 μmol/L 20 (S) -Rg2 group (P < 0.05). Compared with 20(S)-Rg2 group, cell survival rates increased and contents of MDA significantly decreased in 20, 40, and 80 μmol/L Rg2 and 20 (R)-Rg2 groups (P < 0.05). The activity of Caspase-3 decreased and contents of SOD increased in 80 μmol/L 20 (R)-Rg2 group, and 40, 80 μmol/L Rg2 groups (P < 0.05). Ca2+ fluorescent optical gray value decreased in 40, 80 μmol/L Rg2 and 20 (R)-Rg2 groups (P < 0.05). Compared with 20 (R)-Rg2 group, Ca2+ fluorescent optical gray value decreased in 80 μmol/L Rg2 group (P < 0.05); contents of SOD increased in 40 and 80 μmol/L Rg2 groups (P < 0.05); contents of MDA decreased in 20, 40, and 80 μmol/L Rg2 groups (P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Rg2 and its stereoisomers could improve cell vitality of cortical neurons against OGD/R induced injury. This might be related to improving anti-apoptotic capacities and antioxidant abilities, and reducing Ca2+ inflow. Besides, the neuroprotective effect of 20 (R) -Rg2 was better than that of 20 (S) -Rg2, but inferior to that of Rg2.
authors.forename: Ming-shan
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Pi
authors.forename: Qin
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Ru
authors.forename: Xiao-kang
authors.initials: XK
authors.lastname: Gong
authors.forename: Ri-hui
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Xiang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.lastname: Xiong Qi
authors.forename: Chao-ying
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D017209:Apoptosis; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D053148:Caspase 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D002470:Cell Survival; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D036145:Ginsenosides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005947:Glucose; D006801:Humans; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D009474:Neurons / Q000187:drug effects*; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010100:Oxygen; D011897:Random Allocation; D015427:Reperfusion Injury; D013237:Stereoisomerism; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D036145:Ginsenosides; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D008315:Malondialdehyde; C026474:ginsenoside Rg2; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; C505407:CASP3 protein, human; D053148:Caspase 3; D005947:Glucose; D010100:Oxygen; D002118:Calcium