title: Short-term visual performance of soft multifocal contact lenses for presbyopia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare visual acuity (VA), contrast sensitivity, stereopsis, and subjective visual performance of Acuvue® Oasys® for Presbyopia (AOP), Air Optix® Aqua Multifocal (AOMF), and Air Optix® Aqua Single Vision (AOSV) lenses in patients with presbyopia.
  
  
  METHODS
  A single-blinded crossover trial was conducted. Twenty patients with mild presbyopia (add ≤+1.25 D) and 22 with moderate/severe presbyopia (add ≥+1.50 D) who wore lenses bilaterally for 1 h, with a minimum overnight washout period between the use of each lens. Measurements included high- and low-contrast visual acuity (HCVA and LCVA, respectively) at a distance, contrast sensitivity (CS) at a distance, HCVA at intermediate (70 cm) and near (50 cm & 40 cm) distances, stereopsis, and subjective questionnaires regarding vision clarity, ghosting, overall vision satisfaction, and comfort. The test variables were compared among the lens types using repeated-measures ANOVA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Distance variables (HCVA, LCVA, and CS) were significantly worse with multifocal lens than with AOSV lens (p≤0.008), except for AOMF lens in the mild presbyopia group in which no significant difference was observed (p>0.05). Multifocal lenses had significantly greater HCVA at 40 cm than AOSV lens (p≤0.026). AOMF lens had greater intermediate HCVA than AOP lens (p<0.03). AOP lens demonstrated greater improvements in stereopsis than AOMF and AOSV lens in the moderate/severe presbyopia group (p≤0.03). Few significant differences in subjective variables were observed, with no significant difference in the overall vision satisfaction observed between lens types (p>0.05). The proportions of patients willing to buy AOSV, AOMF, and AOP lenses were 20%, 40%, and 50%, respectively, in the mild presbyopia group and 14%, 32%, and 23%, respectively, in the moderate/severe presbyopia group; however, these differences were not statistically significant (p≥0.159).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Further development of multifocal lenses is required before significant advantages of multifocal lenses over single vision lens are observed in patients with presbyopia.
authors.affiliation: Brien Holden Vision Institute, Sydney, Australia.
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sha
authors.affiliation: Brien Holden Vision Institute, Sydney, Australia.
authors.forename: Ravi C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Bakaraju
authors.affiliation: Brien Holden Vision Institute, Sydney, Australia.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Tilia
authors.affiliation: Brien Holden Vision Institute, Sydney, Australia.
authors.forename: Jiyoon
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.affiliation: Brien Holden Vision Institute, Sydney, Australia.
authors.forename: Shona
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Delaney
authors.affiliation: Brien Holden Vision Institute, Sydney, Australia.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Munro
authors.affiliation: Brien Holden Vision Institute, Sydney, Australia.
authors.forename: Klaus
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ehrmann
authors.affiliation: Brien Holden Vision Institute, Sydney, Australia.
authors.forename: Varghese
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.affiliation: Brien Holden Vision Institute, Sydney, Australia.
authors.forename: Brien A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Holden
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D003263:Contact Lenses, Hydrophilic; D015350:Contrast Sensitivity / Q000502:physiology; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D003867:Depth Perception / Q000502:physiology; D004867:Equipment Design; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D011305:Presbyopia / Q000145:classification / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014787:Vision Tests; D014792:Visual Acuity / Q000502:physiology