title: Roughness gradients on zirconia for rapid screening of cell-surface interactions: Fabrication, characterization and application.
abstract: Roughness is one of the key parameters for successful osseointegration of dental implants. The understanding of how roughness affects cell response is thus crucial to improve implant performance. Surface gradients, which allow rapid and systematic investigations of cell-surface interactions, have the potential to facilitate this task. In this study, a novel method aiming to produce roughness gradients at the surface of zirconia using hydrofluoric acid etching was implemented. The topography was exhaustively characterized at the microscale and nanoscale by white light interferometry and atomic force microscopy, including the analysis of amplitude, spatial, hybrid, functional, and fractal parameters. A rapid screening of the influence of roughness on human mesenchymal stem cell morphology was conducted and potential correlations between roughness parameters and cell morphology were investigated. The roughness gradient induced significant changes in cell area (p < 0.001), aspect ratio (p = 0.01), and solidity (p = 0.026). Nanoroughness parameters were linearly correlated to cell solidity (p < 0.005), while microroughness parameters appeared nonlinearly correlated to cell area, highlighting the importance of multiscale optimization of implant topography to induce the desired cell response. The gradient method proposed here drastically reduces the efforts and resources necessary to study cell-surface interactions and provides results directly transferable to industry. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 104A: 2502-2514, 2016.
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Science and Metallurgical Engineering, Universitat Politècnica De Catalunya, Av. Diagonal 647, Barcelona, 08028, Spain.|Center for Research in Nano-Engineering, CRNE, Universitat Politècnica De Catalunya, C. Pascual I Vila, 15, Barcelona, 08028, Spain.
authors.forename: Quentin
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Flamant
authors.affiliation: AO Research Institute Davos, Clavadelerstrasse 8, 7270, Davos Platz, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Ana-Maria
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Stanciuc
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Science and Metallurgical Engineering, Universitat Politècnica De Catalunya, Av. Diagonal 647, Barcelona, 08028, Spain.
authors.forename: Hugo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Pavailler
authors.affiliation: AO Research Institute Davos, Clavadelerstrasse 8, 7270, Davos Platz, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Christoph Martin
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Sprecher
authors.affiliation: AO Research Institute Davos, Clavadelerstrasse 8, 7270, Davos Platz, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Mauro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Alini
authors.affiliation: AO Research Institute Davos, Clavadelerstrasse 8, 7270, Davos Platz, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Marianna
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Peroglio
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Science and Metallurgical Engineering, Universitat Politècnica De Catalunya, Av. Diagonal 647, Barcelona, 08028, Spain.|Center for Research in Nano-Engineering, CRNE, Universitat Politècnica De Catalunya, C. Pascual I Vila, 15, Barcelona, 08028, Spain.
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Anglada
mesh_terms: D000134:Acid Etching, Dental / Q000379:methods; D000328:Adult; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D015921:Dental Implants; D003764:Dental Materials / Q000737:chemistry*; D017267:Dental Prosthesis Design; D006801:Humans; D006858:Hydrofluoric Acid / Q000737:chemistry*; D008297:Male; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology*; D016348:Osseointegration; D013499:Surface Properties; D015040:Zirconium / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D015921:Dental Implants; D003764:Dental Materials; D015040:Zirconium; D006858:Hydrofluoric Acid; C028541:zirconium oxide
keywords: Y-TZP ceramics; human mesenchymal stem cells; hydrofluoric acid etching; surface modification; topography