title: Hospitalization Risk Before and After Employment Among Adults With Schizophrenia, Bipolar Disorder, or Major Depression.
abstract: The influence of employment on subsequent psychiatric hospitalization for people with serious mental illness is unclear. This study examined whether unemployed people with serious mental illness were more or less likely to experience psychiatric hospitalization after gaining employment.
  
  
  
  A secondary analysis was conducted of data from the Mental Health Treatment Study. Two years of prospective employment and psychiatric hospital outcomes were examined for 2,055 adults with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, or major depression. The analyses examined associations between employment and psychiatric hospitalization via multilevel regression by using time-lagged modeling.
  
  
  
  Employment was associated with a lower subsequent three-month risk of psychiatric hospitalization (odds ratio=.65, 95% confidence interval=.50-.84) after the analysis adjusted for baseline characteristics, including previous psychiatric hospitalizations and self-reported physical health.
  
  
  
  Unemployed outpatients with serious mental illness were less likely to experience psychiatric hospitalization after gaining employment.
authors.affiliation: Dr. Luciano is with the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina. Mr. Metcalfe and Dr. Drake are with the Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy and Clinical Practice, Dr. Bond is with the Department of Psychiatry, Dr. Xie is with Department of Biomedical Data Science, and Dr. O'Malley is with Department of Biomedical Data Science and the Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy and Clinical Practice, all at Dartmouth College, Lebanon, New Hampshire. Dr. Miller is with the Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio. Ms. Riley is with Westat, Rockville, Maryland. Send correspondence to Dr. Bond (e-mail: gary.bond@dartmouth.edu ).
authors.forename: Alison
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Luciano
authors.affiliation: Dr. Luciano is with the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina. Mr. Metcalfe and Dr. Drake are with the Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy and Clinical Practice, Dr. Bond is with the Department of Psychiatry, Dr. Xie is with Department of Biomedical Data Science, and Dr. O'Malley is with Department of Biomedical Data Science and the Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy and Clinical Practice, all at Dartmouth College, Lebanon, New Hampshire. Dr. Miller is with the Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio. Ms. Riley is with Westat, Rockville, Maryland. Send correspondence to Dr. Bond (e-mail: gary.bond@dartmouth.edu ).
authors.forename: Justin D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Metcalfe
authors.affiliation: Dr. Luciano is with the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina. Mr. Metcalfe and Dr. Drake are with the Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy and Clinical Practice, Dr. Bond is with the Department of Psychiatry, Dr. Xie is with Department of Biomedical Data Science, and Dr. O'Malley is with Department of Biomedical Data Science and the Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy and Clinical Practice, all at Dartmouth College, Lebanon, New Hampshire. Dr. Miller is with the Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio. Ms. Riley is with Westat, Rockville, Maryland. Send correspondence to Dr. Bond (e-mail: gary.bond@dartmouth.edu ).
authors.forename: Gary R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Bond
authors.affiliation: Dr. Luciano is with the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina. Mr. Metcalfe and Dr. Drake are with the Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy and Clinical Practice, Dr. Bond is with the Department of Psychiatry, Dr. Xie is with Department of Biomedical Data Science, and Dr. O'Malley is with Department of Biomedical Data Science and the Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy and Clinical Practice, all at Dartmouth College, Lebanon, New Hampshire. Dr. Miller is with the Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio. Ms. Riley is with Westat, Rockville, Maryland. Send correspondence to Dr. Bond (e-mail: gary.bond@dartmouth.edu ).
authors.forename: Haiyi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.affiliation: Dr. Luciano is with the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina. Mr. Metcalfe and Dr. Drake are with the Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy and Clinical Practice, Dr. Bond is with the Department of Psychiatry, Dr. Xie is with Department of Biomedical Data Science, and Dr. O'Malley is with Department of Biomedical Data Science and the Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy and Clinical Practice, all at Dartmouth College, Lebanon, New Hampshire. Dr. Miller is with the Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio. Ms. Riley is with Westat, Rockville, Maryland. Send correspondence to Dr. Bond (e-mail: gary.bond@dartmouth.edu ).
authors.forename: Alexander L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.affiliation: Dr. Luciano is with the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina. Mr. Metcalfe and Dr. Drake are with the Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy and Clinical Practice, Dr. Bond is with the Department of Psychiatry, Dr. Xie is with Department of Biomedical Data Science, and Dr. O'Malley is with Department of Biomedical Data Science and the Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy and Clinical Practice, all at Dartmouth College, Lebanon, New Hampshire. Dr. Miller is with the Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio. Ms. Riley is with Westat, Rockville, Maryland. Send correspondence to Dr. Bond (e-mail: gary.bond@dartmouth.edu ).
authors.forename: Jarnee
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Riley
authors.affiliation: Dr. Luciano is with the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina. Mr. Metcalfe and Dr. Drake are with the Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy and Clinical Practice, Dr. Bond is with the Department of Psychiatry, Dr. Xie is with Department of Biomedical Data Science, and Dr. O'Malley is with Department of Biomedical Data Science and the Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy and Clinical Practice, all at Dartmouth College, Lebanon, New Hampshire. Dr. Miller is with the Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio. Ms. Riley is with Westat, Rockville, Maryland. Send correspondence to Dr. Bond (e-mail: gary.bond@dartmouth.edu ).
authors.forename: A James
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: O'Malley
authors.affiliation: Dr. Luciano is with the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina. Mr. Metcalfe and Dr. Drake are with the Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy and Clinical Practice, Dr. Bond is with the Department of Psychiatry, Dr. Xie is with Department of Biomedical Data Science, and Dr. O'Malley is with Department of Biomedical Data Science and the Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy and Clinical Practice, all at Dartmouth College, Lebanon, New Hampshire. Dr. Miller is with the Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio. Ms. Riley is with Westat, Rockville, Maryland. Send correspondence to Dr. Bond (e-mail: gary.bond@dartmouth.edu ).
authors.forename: Robert E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Drake
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy; D004651:Employment / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006778:Hospitals, Psychiatric / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012306:Risk; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy; D055815:Young Adult