title: Indocyanine Green-Enhanced Thermotherapy for Retinoblastoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report the outcome of pediatric patients with retinoblastoma refractory to traditional local therapy who were treated with indocyanine green (ICG)-enhanced thermotherapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  This is a retrospective review of a case series of 3 patients with bilateral retinoblastoma who were treated with ICG-enhanced thermotherapy after showing no response to conventional chemothermotherapy or transpupillary thermotherapy (TTT) alone noted on two consecutive examinations under anesthesia.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The 3 patients had had one eye enucleated previously due to advanced disease, and the remaining eye was diagnosed with a large tumor, which showed either a marginal or no response to systemic chemotherapy and TTT. Addition of ICG enhancement during the subsequent TTT session shrunk the tumor to a measurable size that could then be followed by TTT alone as a means of treatment. One patient had tumor recurrence, at which time additional TTT without ICG was successfully applied after the tumor size had decreased; ICG enhancement was then added whenever TTT alone provided no response.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ICG enhancement with TTT led to a measurable tumor regression in lesions that had previously not been responsive to traditional chemothermotherapy or isolated TTT.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These tumors had shown a minimal to no response to previous TTT treatment. However, adding ICG resulted in a measurable regression even though the same TTT treatment parameters were applied.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon.
authors.forename: Christiane E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Al-Haddad
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon.
authors.forename: Marwan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Abdulaal
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon.
authors.forename: Raya H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Saab
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon.
authors.forename: Ziad F
authors.initials: ZF
authors.lastname: Bashshur
keywords: Indocyanine green; Retinoblastoma; Thermotherapy