title: The nine-year changes of the incidence and characteristics of metabolic syndrome in China: longitudinal comparisons of the two cross-sectional surveys in a newly formed urban community.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To assess the 9-year changes of the incidence and characteristics of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in Chinese community under the background of dramatically changed environment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two cross-sectional surveys of the general population were carried out in 2005 and 2014 in Dengmin and Hongnan villages of Fengcheng community, a newly formed urban community from rural area 10 years ago. All permanent adult residents aged 18-80 without active malignant tumors and pregnancy were invited to attend the study. They participated in clinical examinations for anthropometric and blood pressure measurements. Fasting blood samples were drawn for analysis of lipids and glucose. Presence of MetS was defined based on the IDF/AHA harmonized criteria. MetS z-score was calculated to evaluate the degree of total metabolic disorder.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 1042 subjects in 2005 and 1053 subjects in 2014 were included in the final analysis. The participants were stratified by gender. The incidence of MetS was higher in 2014 than 2005 in both genders (female, 48.28 vs 31.61 %; male, 41.12 vs 26.30 %; p value, both <0.001). Of the five MetS components, the FBG and TG levels were higher in 2014 than 2005 in both gender, however, the SBP and DBP values were even lower in 2014 than 2005. The differences of FBG, blood pressure and lipid levels between 2005 and 2014 still exist after ruling out recognized diabetic, hypertensive and dyslipidemic subjects, individually. In MetS subjects, MetS z-score showed the whole metabolic profile get worse in 2014 than 2005 in both sex (female, 1.97 ± 2.53 vs 1.74 ± 2.29; male, 2.51 ± 2.79 vs 1.01 ± 2.38. both P < 0.001). Using 3 abnormal components as a combination, we found the frequency of different kinds of combination also changed in MetS subjects. In female, the combination of WC + BP + HDL disorder decreased from 29.7 % (2005) to 11.0 % (2014) and WC + FBG + BP disorder became the most popular phenotype (18.8 %) in 2014.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The dramatically changed environments have extensive influence on metabolic parameters of local residents. More targeted measures need to be taken to meet the serious challenges of metabolic diseases. Trial registration ChiCTR-ECS-14005052, http://www.chictr.org, Survey on Prevalence in East China for Metabolic Diseases and Risk Factors (SPECT-China).
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China.
authors.forename: Boren
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Fengcheng Hospital, Fengxian District, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Fengcheng Hospital, Fengxian District, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Yongbin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China.
authors.forename: Bing
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China.
authors.forename: Ningjian
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China.
authors.forename: Qin
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Fengcheng Hospital, Fengxian District, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Weihong
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Fengcheng Hospital, Fengxian District, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Guolan
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Fengcheng Hospital, Fengxian District, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Jinhua
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China.
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China.
authors.forename: Yingchao
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China.
authors.forename: Chunfang
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China.
authors.forename: Dongping
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China. luyingli2008@126.com.
authors.forename: Yingli
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lu
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001794:Blood Pressure; D002681:China; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015994:Incidence; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012111:Residence Characteristics; D012307:Risk Factors; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D008055:Lipids
keywords: Blood pressure; Cross-sectional design; Metabolic syndrome; Urbanization