title: Primary Cilia and Intraflagellar Transport Proteins in Bone and Cartilage.
abstract: Primary cilia, present on most mammalian cells, function as a sensor to sense the environment change and transduce signaling. Loss of primary cilia causes a group of human pleiotropic syndromes called Ciliopathies. Some of the ciliopathies display skeletal dysplasias, implying the important role of primary cilia in skeletal development and homeostasis. Emerging evidence has shown that loss or malfunction of primary cilia or ciliary proteins in bone and cartilage is associated with developmental and function defects. Intraflagellar transport (IFT) proteins are essential for cilia formation and/or function. In this review, we discuss the role of primary cilia and IFT proteins in the development of bone and cartilage, as well as the differentiation and mechanotransduction of mesenchymal stem cells, osteoblasts, osteocytes, and chondrocytes. We also include the role of primary cilia in tooth development and highlight the current advance of primary cilia and IFT proteins in the pathogenesis of cartilage diseases, including osteoarthritis, osteosarcoma, and chondrosarcoma.
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA.
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA.|2 Developmental Genomics Group, New York State Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001847:Bone Diseases / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D002356:Cartilage / Q000378:metabolism*; D002357:Cartilage Diseases / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000502:physiology; D002923:Cilia / Q000502:physiology*; D005407:Flagella / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D040542:Mechanotransduction, Cellular / Q000502:physiology*; D009805:Odontogenesis / Q000502:physiology*; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000502:physiology*; D021381:Protein Transport / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D002352:Carrier Proteins
keywords: cellular mechanotransduction; chondrosarcoma; ciliary proteins; osteoarthritis; osteosarcoma; skeletal development