title: Effects of botulinum toxin A therapy and multidisciplinary rehabilitation on upper and lower limb spasticity in post-stroke patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of combined botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A) and inpatient multidisciplinary (MD) rehabilitation therapy on the improvement of upper and lower limb function in post-stroke patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this retrospective study, a 12-day inpatient treatment protocol was implemented on 51 post-stroke patients with spasticity. Assessments were performed on the day of admission, at discharge, and at 3 months following discharge.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At the time of discharge, all of the evaluated items showed a statistically significant improvement. Only the Functional Reach Test (FRT) showed a statistically significant improvement at 3 months. In subgroup analyses, the slowest walking speed group showed a significantly greater change ratio of the 10 Meter Walk Test relative to the other groups, from the time of admission to discharge. This group showed a greater FRT change ratio than the other groups from the time of admission to the 3-month follow-up.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Inpatient combined therapy of simultaneous injections of BoNT-A to the upper and lower limbs and MD may improve motor function.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Rehabilitation Medicine , The Jikei University School of Medicine , Tokyo , Japan.|b Department of Rehabilitation Medicine , Kikyougahara Hospital , Nagano , Japan.
authors.forename: Takatoshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hara
authors.affiliation: a Department of Rehabilitation Medicine , The Jikei University School of Medicine , Tokyo , Japan.
authors.forename: Masahiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Abo
authors.affiliation: b Department of Rehabilitation Medicine , Kikyougahara Hospital , Nagano , Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroyoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hara
authors.affiliation: a Department of Rehabilitation Medicine , The Jikei University School of Medicine , Tokyo , Japan.
authors.forename: Kazushige
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.affiliation: b Department of Rehabilitation Medicine , Kikyougahara Hospital , Nagano , Japan.
authors.forename: Yusuke
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shimamoto
authors.affiliation: b Department of Rehabilitation Medicine , Kikyougahara Hospital , Nagano , Japan.
authors.forename: Yuta
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Samizo
authors.affiliation: a Department of Rehabilitation Medicine , The Jikei University School of Medicine , Tokyo , Japan.
authors.forename: Nobuyuki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sasaki
authors.affiliation: a Department of Rehabilitation Medicine , The Jikei University School of Medicine , Tokyo , Japan.
authors.forename: Naoki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yamada
authors.affiliation: a Department of Rehabilitation Medicine , The Jikei University School of Medicine , Tokyo , Japan.
authors.forename: Masachika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Niimi
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D035002:Lower Extremity / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009128:Muscle Spasticity / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D009465:Neuromuscular Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D020521:Stroke / Q000150:complications*; D000071939:Stroke Rehabilitation / Q000379:methods*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D034941:Upper Extremity / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D009465:Neuromuscular Agents; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A
keywords: botulinum toxin A therapy; multidisciplinary rehabilitation; stroke