title: Temperature feedback-controlled photothermal treatment with diffusing applicator: theoretical and experimental evaluations.
abstract: To minimize thermal injury, the current study evaluated the real-time temperature monitoring with a proportional-integrative-derivative (PID) controller during 980-nm photothermal treatment with a radially-diffusing applicator. Both simulations and experiments demonstrated comparable thermal behaviors in temperature distribution and the degree of irreversible tissue denaturation. The PID-controlled application constantly maintained the pre-determined temperature of 353 K (steady-state error = < 1 K). Due to constant energy delivery, coagulation volumes linearly increased up to 1.04 ± 0.02 cm(3) with irradiation time. Integration of temperature feedback with diffuser-assisted photothermal treatments can provide a feasible therapeutic modality to treat pancreatic tumors in an effective manner.
authors.affiliation: Interdisciplinary Program of Biomedical Mechanical & Electrical Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, South Korea; These authors equally contributed to this work.
authors.forename: Trung Hau
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.affiliation: Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Samsung Electronics, Suwon 16678, South Korea; These authors equally contributed to this work.
authors.forename: Suhyun
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Interdisciplinary Program of Biomedical Mechanical & Electrical Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, South Korea.
authors.forename: Kyu Kyu
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Hlaing
authors.affiliation: Interdisciplinary Program of Biomedical Mechanical & Electrical Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, South Korea; Department of Biomedical Engineering and Center for Marine-Integrated Biomedical Technology (BK 21 Plus), Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, South Korea.
authors.forename: Hyun Wook
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Kang
keywords: (000.4430) Numerical approximation and analysis; (140.6810) Thermal effects; (170.1610) Clinical applications; (230.1980) Diffusers