title: Mild Hyperbaric Oxygen Inhibits Growth-related Decrease in Muscle Oxidative Capacity of Rats with Metabolic Syndrome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We examined the effects of mild hyperbaric oxygen on the properties of the soleus muscle in rats with metabolic syndrome.
  
  
  METHODS
  Five-week-old metabolic syndrome (SHR/NDmcr-cp, cp/cp) rats were divided into normobaric (CP) and mild hyperbaric oxygen (CP-H) groups (n=5/group). In addition, 5-week-old Wistar rats were assigned as the normobaric control (WR) group (n=5). The CP-H group was exposed to 1.25 atmospheres absolute with 36% oxygen for 3 h daily for 16 weeks. Succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activity and mRNA levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α (Pgc-1α) in the soleus muscle were examined. The fiber type composition, cross-sectional areas, and SDH staining intensity in the soleus muscle were also examined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The CP-H group showed lower fasting and nonfasting blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin, total cholesterol, triglyceride, insulin, and systolic blood pressure levels; higher adiponectin levels; and higher SDH activity and mRNA levels of Pgc-1α in the muscle than the CP group. Compared with the CP group, the CP-H group had a lower percentage of type I fibers and observed type IIA fibers in the muscle. The CP-H group also had higher SDH staining intensity of type Ⅰ and type IIC fibers in the muscle than the CP group. No differences in these values were observed in the muscles of the WR and CP-H groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Mild hyperbaric oxygen inhibited growth-related increase in blood glucose levels and decrease in muscle oxidative capacity of rats with metabolic syndrome because of improved oxidative metabolism.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Cell Biology and Life Science, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University.
authors.forename: Ai
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Takemura
authors.forename: Akihiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ishihara
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D006931:Hyperbaric Oxygenation / Q000379:methods*; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000503:physiopathology*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010100:Oxygen / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D051381:Rats; D011918:Rats, Inbred SHR; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D010100:Oxygen