title: Minimally invasive, endoscopic Achilles tendon reconstruction using semitendinosus and gracilis tendons with Endobutton stabilization.
abstract: Plantaris tendon, peronus brevis tendon and flexor hallucis longus tendon augmentation, commonly used in Achilles tendon rupture, often lead to weakening of injured foot and they require the immobilization after the surgery. It is essential to develop the technique, which gives no such limitation and allows for immediate functional improvement.
  
  
  
  We present our method of minimally invasive, endoscopic Achilles tendon reconstruction using semitendinosus and gracilis tendons with Endobutton stabilization.
  
  
  
  Posterolateral and posteromedial portals were made approximately 3 cm above the posterosuperior part of the calcaneus to clean the area of the Achilles tendon endoscopically. Then the hamstrings are harvested and prepared for the "Endobutton" system. A midline incision of the skin is performed approximately 1 cm above the posterosuperior part of the calcaneus to approach to the posterosuperior part of the calcaneus. Then under fluoroscopy the calcaneus was drilled through using K-wire. The distal end of the graft equipped with an Endobutton loop was entered into the drilled tunnel in the calcaneus. Later, 8 consecutive skin incisions are performed. Proximal ends of the graft were brought out through the native Achilles tendon reaching medial and lateral skin incisions. The final step was to transfer and tie the graft ends through the most proximal skin incision.
  
  
  
  This minimally invasive, endoscopic technique allows reconstruction of the Achilles tendon using semitendinosus and gracilis tendons with Endobutton stabilization and can be used in so-called "difficult", resistant cases as a "salvage procedure".
authors.affiliation: Orthopedic Department, Rehasport Clinic, Górecka 30, Poznan, 60-201, Poland.
authors.forename: Tomasz
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Piontek
authors.affiliation: Orthopedic Department, Rehasport Clinic, Górecka 30, Poznan, 60-201, Poland. pawel.bakowski@rehasport.pl.
authors.forename: Paweł
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bąkowski
authors.affiliation: Orthopedic Department, Rehasport Clinic, Górecka 30, Poznan, 60-201, Poland.
authors.forename: Kinga
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ciemniewska-Gorzela
authors.affiliation: Research and Development Department, Rehasport Clinic, Górecka 30, Poznan, 60-201, Poland.
authors.forename: Monika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Grygorowicz
mesh_terms: D000125:Achilles Tendon / Q000601:surgery*; D004724:Endoscopy; D000070632:Hamstring Tendons / Q000637:transplantation*; D006801:Humans; D019060:Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures; D013709:Tendon Transfer / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*
keywords: Achilles endoscopy; Achilles reconstruction; Achilles tendon; Neglected rupture