title: Avoiding Futility in Simultaneous Liver-kidney Transplantation: Analysis of 331 Consecutive Patients Listed for Dual Organ Replacement.
abstract: We sought to evaluate outcomes and predictors of renal allograft futility (RAF-patient death or need for renal replacement therapy at 3 months) after simultaneous liver-kidney transplantation (SLKT).
  
  
  
  Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) prioritization of liver recipients with renal dysfunction has significantly increased utilization of SLKT. Data on renal outcomes after SLKT in the highest MELD recipients are scarce, as are accurate predictors of recovery of native kidney function. Without well-established listing guidelines, SLKT potentially wastes renal allografts in both high-acuity liver recipients at risk for early mortality and recipients who may regain native kidney function.
  
  
  
  A retrospective single-center multivariate regression analysis was performed for adult patients undergoing SLKT (January 2004 to August 2014) to identify predictors of RAF.
  
  
  
  Of 331 patients dual-listed for SLKT, 171 (52%) expired awaiting transplant, 145 (44%) underwent SLKT, and 15 (5%) underwent liver transplantation alone. After SLKT, 39% experienced delayed graft function and 20.7% had RAF. Compared with patients without RAF, RAF recipients had greater MELD scores, length of hospitalization, intraoperative base deficit, incidence of female donors, kidney and liver donor risk indices, kidney cold ischemia, and inferior overall survival. Multivariate predictors of RAF included pretransplant dialysis duration, kidney cold ischemia, kidney donor risk index, and recipient hyperlipidemia.
  
  
  
  With 20% short-term loss of transplanted kidneys after SLKT, our data strongly suggest that renal transplantation should be deferred in liver recipients at high risk for RAF. Consideration for a kidney allocation variance to allow for delayed renal transplantation after liver transplantation may prevent loss of scarce renal allografts.
authors.affiliation: *Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA †Department of Biomathematics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA ‡Department of Urology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA §Department of Anesthesiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA ¶Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA.
authors.forename: Keri E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Lunsford
authors.forename: Adam S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Bodzin
authors.forename: Daniela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Markovic
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zarrinpar
authors.forename: Fady M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Kaldas
authors.forename: Hans Albin
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Gritsch
authors.forename: Victor
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Xia
authors.forename: Douglas G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Farmer
authors.forename: Gabriel M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Danovitch
authors.forename: Jonathan R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Hiatt
authors.forename: Ronald W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Busuttil
authors.forename: Vatche G
authors.initials: VG
authors.lastname: Agopian
mesh_terms: D000046:Academic Medical Centers; D000328:Adult; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D005260:Female; D006084:Graft Rejection; D006085:Graft Survival; D006801:Humans; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods* / Q000401:mortality; D017093:Liver Failure / Q000601:surgery; D016031:Liver Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods* / Q000401:mortality; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011182:Postoperative Care / Q000379:methods; D011379:Prognosis; D012044:Regression Analysis; D051437:Renal Insufficiency / Q000601:surgery; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D016019:Survival Analysis; D014019:Tissue Donors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014481:United States