title: ENDEMIC ORTHOPOXVIRUS CIRCULATING IN PROCYONIDS IN MEXICO.
abstract: Limited serosurveillance studies suggested that orthopoxviruses (OPXV) are widespread in the US (e.g., Raccoonpox virus, Skunkpox virus, Volepox virus) and Brazil (Vaccinia virus); however, their animal reservoir(s) remain unconfirmed. Mexican mammal diversity includes several species related to those in which evidence for OPXV infections has been found (Oryzomys, Peromyscus, Microtus, and Procyonidae). The presence of these groups of mammals in Mexico and the evidence of their possible involvement in the maintenance of OPXV in nature suggest the same or similar OPXV are circulating in Mexico. We tested 201 sera from 129 procyonids via modified enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Western blot (WB) to estimate OPXV antibody prevalence in these animals. We detected a prevalence of 16.67% in Nasua narica (white-nosed coati), 35% in Procyon lotor (raccoon), and 30.4% in Bassariscus astutus (ring-tailed cat) when tested by either ELISA or WB. Western blot results presented protein bands consistent with the size of some OPXV immunodominant bands (14, 18, 32, 36, and 62 kDa). These results support the hypothesis that OPXV circulate in at least three genera of Procyonidae in Central and Southeast Mexico.
authors.affiliation: 1   Poxvirus and Rabies Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd., Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA.
authors.forename: Nadia F
authors.initials: NF
authors.lastname: Gallardo-Romero
authors.affiliation: 2   Unidad de Investigación Médica e Inmunología, Hospital de Pediatría, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Av. Cuauhtémoc no. 330 Col. Doctores, C.P. 06720, México D.F. México.
authors.forename: Nidia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Aréchiga-Ceballos
authors.affiliation: 1   Poxvirus and Rabies Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd., Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA.
authors.forename: Ginny L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Emerson
authors.affiliation: 2   Unidad de Investigación Médica e Inmunología, Hospital de Pediatría, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Av. Cuauhtémoc no. 330 Col. Doctores, C.P. 06720, México D.F. México.
authors.forename: Flor O
authors.initials: FO
authors.lastname: Martínez-Martínez
authors.affiliation: 1   Poxvirus and Rabies Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd., Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA.
authors.forename: Jeffrey B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Doty
authors.affiliation: 1   Poxvirus and Rabies Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd., Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA.
authors.forename: Yoshinori J
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Nakazawa
authors.affiliation: 3   Departamento de Producción Agrícola y Animal, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana - Unidad Xochimilco, Calzada del Hueso no. 1100 Col. Villa Quietud, C.P. 04960, México D.F. México.
authors.forename: Emilio
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Rendón-Franco
authors.affiliation: 3   Departamento de Producción Agrícola y Animal, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana - Unidad Xochimilco, Calzada del Hueso no. 1100 Col. Villa Quietud, C.P. 04960, México D.F. México.
authors.forename: Claudia I
authors.initials: CI
authors.lastname: Muñoz-García
authors.affiliation: 4   Laboratorio de Ecología del Paisaje y Cambio Global, División Académica de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Carretera Villahermosa-Cárdenas Km. 0.5 S/N, Entronque a Bosques de Saloya, C.P. 86150, Tabasco, México.
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Villanueva-García
authors.affiliation: 2   Unidad de Investigación Médica e Inmunología, Hospital de Pediatría, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Av. Cuauhtémoc no. 330 Col. Doctores, C.P. 06720, México D.F. México.|5   Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, UNAM, Circuito Exterior S/N, Coyoacán, Cd. Universitaria, C.P. 04510, México D.F. México.
authors.forename: Citlali
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ramírez-Cid
authors.affiliation: 4   Laboratorio de Ecología del Paisaje y Cambio Global, División Académica de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Carretera Villahermosa-Cárdenas Km. 0.5 S/N, Entronque a Bosques de Saloya, C.P. 86150, Tabasco, México.
authors.forename: Lilia M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Gama-Campillo
authors.affiliation: 3   Departamento de Producción Agrícola y Animal, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana - Unidad Xochimilco, Calzada del Hueso no. 1100 Col. Villa Quietud, C.P. 04960, México D.F. México.|5   Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, UNAM, Circuito Exterior S/N, Coyoacán, Cd. Universitaria, C.P. 04510, México D.F. México.
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gual-Sill
authors.affiliation: 2   Unidad de Investigación Médica e Inmunología, Hospital de Pediatría, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Av. Cuauhtémoc no. 330 Col. Doctores, C.P. 06720, México D.F. México.
authors.forename: Álvaro
authors.initials: Á
authors.lastname: Aguilar-Setién
authors.affiliation: 1   Poxvirus and Rabies Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd., Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA.
authors.forename: Darin S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Carroll
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001938:Brazil; D002415:Cats; D008800:Mexico; D018155:Orthopoxvirus; D011213:Poxviridae Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D045988:Procyonidae / Q000821:virology*
keywords: Antibody prevalence; Orthopoxvirus; procyonids; serosurvey