title: The 2 × 2 Standpoints Model of Achievement Goals.
abstract: In the present research, we proposed and tested a 2 × 2 standpoints model of achievement goals grounded in the development-demonstration and approach-avoidance distinctions. Three empirical studies are presented. Study 1 provided evidence supporting the structure and psychometric properties of a newly developed measure of the goals of the 2 × 2 standpoints model. Study 2 documented the predictive utility of these goal constructs for intrinsic motivation: development-approach and development-avoidance goals were positive predictors, and demonstration-avoidance goals were a negative predictor of intrinsic motivation. Study 3 documented the predictive utility of these goal constructs for performance attainment: Demonstration-approach goals were a positive predictor and demonstration-avoidance goals were a negative predictor of exam performance. The conceptual and empirical contributions of the present research were discussed within the broader context of existing achievement goal theory and research.
authors.affiliation: Clinical and Social Sciences in Psychology, University of Rochester Rochester, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Rachel M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Korn
authors.affiliation: Clinical and Social Sciences in Psychology, University of Rochester Rochester, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Andrew J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Elliot
keywords: achievement goal; demonstration; development; standards; standpoints