title: Having cancer in a foreign country.
abstract: Although immigration and cancer care are two frequently discussed topics in healthcare, the combination of both has seldom been done. Little is known about how immigrant patients experience having cancer in a foreign country. The aim of the study is to gain deeper insight into the meaning of having cancer, in a foreign country and to identify the expectations and experiences of immigrant patients confronted with this disease.
  
  
  
  Thirty adult non-western immigrant cancer patients were interviewed by means of an in-depth interview technique. The technique of constant comparison, derived from the constructivist grounded theory, was used to analyze the data from the interviews.
  
  
  
  Having cancer is a human experience, regardless of one's country of origin. Patients show universal reactions and reaction patterns when confronted with cancer and dealing with cancer treatment. Immigrant patients experience specific obstacles when dealing with cancer, of which the language barrier is the most important. A general lack of accurate basic knowledge about health and disease was found, making certain patients more vulnerable.
  
  
  
  When dealing with cancer, immigrant patients are confronted with two major obstacles: a language barrier and a lack of knowledge about health and disease. The implications for a better practice occur on three levels: empowering patients, training healthcare professionals and adapting policy.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Family Medicine and Primary Health Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium. Electronic address: karolien.aelbrecht@ugent.be.
authors.forename: Karolien
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Aelbrecht
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Family Medicine and Primary Health Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pype
authors.affiliation: College of Social Science, Community and Health Research Unit (CaHRU), University of Lincoln, Lincoln, UK.
authors.forename: Jolien
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vos
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Family Medicine and Primary Health Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
authors.forename: Myriam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Deveugele
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D003142:Communication; D003144:Communication Barriers; D018864:Cultural Diversity; D065246:Culturally Competent Care / Q000208:ethnology*; D054242:Emigrants and Immigrants / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy*; D010043:Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care; D017060:Patient Satisfaction / Q000208:ethnology*; D010817:Physician-Patient Relations; D036301:Qualitative Research; D011787:Quality of Health Care
keywords: Cancer; Cultural diversity; Doctor-patient communication; Experiences; Immigrants; Language; Minority groups; Oncology; Patients' perspective; Perception; Quality; Views