title: Ethnic differences in heterotopic ossification following total hip arthroplasty.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We aimed to assess the influence of ethnicity on the incidence of heterotopic ossification (HO) after total hip arthroplasty (THA).
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied the six-month post-operative anteroposterior radiographs of 1449 consecutive primary THAs (1324 patients) and retrospectively graded them for the presence of HO, using the Brooker Classification.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Based on multivariate analysis, African-American ethnicity was an independent risk factor for HO formation following THA with an adjusted odds ratio (OR) of 2.6 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.3 to 5.2, p = 0.007) for severe HO and 1.9 (95% CI 1.3 to 2.7, p < 0.001) for any grade of HO.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Given the increased risk of HO formation, particularly high grade HO, and the potentially poorer outcomes associated with HO, it is important to consider using prophylaxis against HO in patients of African-American ethnicity undergoing THA.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  African Americans are at an increased risk for developing heterotopic ossification and thus may benefit from HO prophylaxis. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2016;98-B:761-6.
authors.affiliation: Rothman Institute, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Davis
authors.affiliation: Rothman Institute, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
authors.forename: R P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.affiliation: Rothman Institute, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
authors.forename: T L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.affiliation: Rothman Institute, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Alijanipour
authors.affiliation: Rothman Institute, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
authors.forename: T U
authors.initials: TU
authors.lastname: Naik
authors.affiliation: Rothman Institute, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Parvizi
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019644:Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip / Q000009:adverse effects*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D061646:Operative Time; D009999:Ossification, Heterotopic / Q000145:classification / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000209:etiology; D015143:Philadelphia / Q000453:epidemiology; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D014859:Warfarin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D044465:White People; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants; D014859:Warfarin
keywords: Arthroplasty; Heterotopic ossification; Hip; Race; Risk factor