title: Effects of peroperative intravenous paracetamol and lornoxicam for lumbar disc surgery on postoperative pain and opioid consumption: A randomized, prospective, placebo-controlled study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the present randomized, placebo-controlled study was to compare postoperative analgesic effects of peroperative paracetamol and lornoxicam administration.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty adult patients with American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) risk classification I-II, who would undergo single-level lumbar discectomy under general anesthesia, were enrolled. Patients were administered either 1000 mg paracetamol (Group P), 8 mg lornoxicam (Group L), or saline (Group C) prior to induction of anesthesia (n=20 for all groups). All patients were administered the same anesthesia induction and maintainance. Postoperative analgesia was maintained with the same analgesic drug in each group. Rescue analgesia was supplied with intravenous meperidine delivered by a patient-controlled analgesia device. Numeric rating score (NRS) results, first analgesic demand time, and cumulative meperidine consumption were recorded postoperatively. Primary outcome was NRS at first postoperative hour. Secondary outcome was measure of opioid consumption during first 24 postoperative hours.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At first postoperative hour, NRS of Group L [4 (0-8)] was lower than NRSs of Groups P and C [6(0-7); 6(0-9), respectively; p<0.016]. Time to first analgesic demand of Group L was longer, compared with those of the other groups (p<0.016). Cumulative postoperative meperidine consumption in Group L was less than those of Groups P and C at 2-, 12-, and 24-hour time intervals (p<0.016), while Groups P and C had similar findings for the same time intervals.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Preoperative lornoxicam administration decreased early postoperative pain scores more effectively than paracetamol.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir.
authors.forename: Serhat
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bilir
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir.
authors.forename: Bülent Serhan
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Yurtlu
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir.
authors.forename: Volkan
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Hancı
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Bülent Ecevit University, Zonguldak.
authors.forename: Rahşan Dilek
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Okyay
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Bülent Ecevit University, Zonguldak.
authors.forename: Gülay
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Erdoğan Kayhan
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Bülent Ecevit University, Zonguldak.
authors.forename: Hilal Peri
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Ayoğlu
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Bülent Ecevit University, Zonguldak.
authors.forename: Işıl
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Özkoçak Turan
mesh_terms: D000082:Acetaminophen / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016058:Analgesia, Patient-Controlled; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D007430:Intraoperative Care; D008159:Lumbar Vertebrae / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000188:drug therapy*; D010894:Piroxicam / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D010894:Piroxicam; D000082:Acetaminophen; C059451:lornoxicam