title: Cow's Milk Allergy and Bone Mineral Density in Prepubertal Children.
abstract: Recent data suggest that cow's milk allergy (CMA) has become more persistent, prolonging treatment via strict elimination of cow's milk products into a period of skeletal growth. The objectives of this study were to compare bone mineral density (BMD), vitamin D status, and dietary intakes of calcium and vitamin D between prepubertal children with persistent CMA and those with non-cow's milk food allergies (NCMA) as control subjects and to assess the use of and compliance to calcium and vitamin D supplementation among children with persistent CMA.
  
  
  
  Fifty-two children with persistent CMA and 29 with NCMA were recruited. BMD was measured by using dual energy radiograph absorptiometry, and vitamin D status was assessed by using plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations. Calcium and vitamin D intakes, as well as compliance to calcium and vitamin D supplementation, were recorded.
  
  
  
  Lumbar spine BMD z scores were significantly lower in children with CMA. Low bone mass was detected in 6% of the CMA group compared with none in the NCMA group. Children with CMA displayed significantly lower calcium intakes than control subjects. Vitamin D status was not reduced in children with CMA compared with control subjects. Fewer than one-half of children with CMA reported the use of calcium and vitamin D supplements. However, adherence was high among supplement users, with a mean compliance rate of 5.5 days per week.
  
  
  
  These prepubertal children with persistent CMA had lower lumbar spine BMD z scores than children with NCMA, which likely resulted from lower calcium intake.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine Research Center, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; and.
authors.forename: Genevieve
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mailhot
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and.
authors.forename: Vanessa
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Perrone
authors.affiliation: Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine Research Center, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; and Divisions of Endocrinology and.
authors.forename: Nathalie
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Alos
authors.affiliation: Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine Research Center, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; and Departments of Radiology, and.
authors.forename: Josée
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dubois
authors.affiliation: Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine Research Center, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; and Clinical Biochemistry, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
authors.forename: Edgard
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Delvin
authors.affiliation: Allergy, Department of Pediatrics.
authors.forename: Louis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Paradis
authors.affiliation: Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine Research Center, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; and Allergy, Department of Pediatrics, a.des.roches@umontreal.ca.
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Des Roches
mesh_terms: D015519:Bone Density; D002136:Calcium, Dietary / Q000008:administration & dosage; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004032:Diet; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D005260:Female; D005512:Food Hypersensitivity / Q000097:blood / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D008159:Lumbar Vertebrae / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D016269:Milk Hypersensitivity / Q000097:blood / Q000503:physiopathology*; D064167:Recommended Dietary Allowances; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D002136:Calcium, Dietary; D014807:Vitamin D; C104450:25-hydroxyvitamin D