title: Diversity of Virulence Factors Associated with West Australian Methicillin-Sensitive Staphylococcus aureus Isolates of Human Origin.
abstract: An extensive array of virulence factors associated with S. aureus has contributed significantly to its success as a major nosocomial pathogen in hospitals and community causing variety of infections in affected patients. Virulence factors include immune evading capsular polysaccharides, poly-N-acetyl glucosamine, and teichoic acid in addition to damaging toxins including hemolytic toxins, enterotoxins, cytotoxins, exfoliative toxin, and microbial surface components recognizing adhesive matrix molecules (MSCRAMM). In this investigation, 31 West Australian S. aureus isolates of human origin and 6 controls were analyzed for relative distribution of virulence-associated genes using PCR and/or an immunoassay kit and MSCRAMM by PCR-based typing. Genes encoding MSCRAMM, namely, Spa, ClfA, ClfB, SdrE, SdrD, IsdA, and IsdB, were detected in >90% of isolates. Gene encoding α-toxin was detected in >90% of isolates whereas genes encoding β-toxin and SEG were detectable in 50-60% of isolates. Genes encoding toxin proteins, namely, SEA, SEB, SEC, SED, SEE, SEH, SEI, SEJ, TSST, PVL, ETA, and ETB, were detectable in >50% of isolates. Use of RAPD-PCR for determining the virulence factor-based genetic relatedness among the isolates revealed five cluster groups confirming genetic diversity among the MSSA isolates, with the greatest majority of the clinical S. aureus (84%) isolates clustering in group IIIa.
authors.affiliation: School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Science, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley Campus, Perth, WA 6102, Australia.
authors.forename: Charlene Babra
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Waryah
authors.affiliation: School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Science, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley Campus, Perth, WA 6102, Australia.
authors.forename: Jully
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gogoi-Tiwari
authors.affiliation: School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Science, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley Campus, Perth, WA 6102, Australia.
authors.forename: Kelsi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wells
authors.affiliation: School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Science, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley Campus, Perth, WA 6102, Australia.
authors.forename: Karina Yui
authors.initials: KY
authors.lastname: Eto
authors.affiliation: School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Science, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley Campus, Perth, WA 6102, Australia.
authors.forename: Elnaz
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Masoumi
authors.affiliation: School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Science, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley Campus, Perth, WA 6102, Australia.
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Costantino
authors.affiliation: School of Health, Nursing and Midwifery, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD 4350, Australia.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kotiw
authors.affiliation: School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Science, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley Campus, Perth, WA 6102, Australia.
authors.forename: Trilochan
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mukkur
mesh_terms: D018829:Adhesins, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D001315:Australia; D001427:Bacterial Toxins / Q000235:genetics; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D014644:Genetic Variation / Q000235:genetics; D006460:Hemolysin Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D008712:Methicillin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013108:Sphingomyelin Phosphodiesterase / Q000235:genetics; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics*; D037521:Virulence Factors / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D018829:Adhesins, Bacterial; D001427:Bacterial Toxins; D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D006460:Hemolysin Proteins; C509820:MSCRAMM proteins, Staphylococcus; D037521:Virulence Factors; C021091:staphylococcal alpha-toxin; D013108:Sphingomyelin Phosphodiesterase; C029878:hlb protein, Staphylococcus aureus; D008712:Methicillin