title: The Microbiome of the Lower Respiratory Tract in Premature Infants with and without Severe Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia.
abstract: AimWe determined whether the bacteria in the lower respiratory tract (LRT) in extremely premature infants with severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) are different from those with nonsevere BPD.Study DesignWe conducted a retrospective study of extremely premature infants who were admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit of Fukushima Medical University Hospital, Japan between April 2005 and March 2014. We screened for the bacterial colonization of the LRT using tracheobronchial aspirate fluid.ResultsA total of 169 extremely premature infants were included. Overall, 102 did not experience severe BPD, whereas the remaining 67 experienced severe BPD.Corynebacteriumspecies (Cs) were more frequently detected in the severe BPD than nonsevere BPD infants (p= 0.03). There were significant differences between infants with and without severe BPD in the duration of endotracheal ventilation (p= 0.00, odds ratio [OR], 1.03; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.01-1.06), the duration of supplemental oxygen (p= 0.00, OR, 1.02; 95% CI, 1.01-1.03) before 36 weeks of postmenstrual age, and the frequency of sepsis after 7 postnatal days (p= 0.01, OR, 1.73; 95% CI, 1.18-2.54).ConclusionCs are more likely to be present in the severe BPD infants with longer duration of endotracheal ventilation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan.
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Imamura
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan.
authors.forename: Maki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan.
authors.forename: Hayato
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Go
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan.
authors.forename: Kei
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ogasawara
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kanai
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan.
authors.forename: Hajime
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Maeda
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan.
authors.forename: Mina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chishiki
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiromi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shimizu
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan.
authors.forename: Fumi
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Mashiyama
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan.
authors.forename: Aya
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Goto
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan.
authors.forename: Nobuo
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Momoi
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan.
authors.forename: Mitsuaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hosoya
mesh_terms: D001980:Bronchi / Q000382:microbiology*; D001997:Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D002175:Candida / Q000302:isolation & purification; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D000074042:Cerebral Intraventricular Hemorrhage / Q000453:epidemiology; D003352:Corynebacterium / Q000302:isolation & purification; D013293:Enterococcus faecalis / Q000302:isolation & purification; D005260:Female; D006090:Gram-Negative Bacteria / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006801:Humans; D052577:Infant, Extremely Low Birth Weight; D062071:Infant, Extremely Premature; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature; D019102:Infant, Very Low Birth Weight; D007902:Length of Stay; D008297:Male; D055624:Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus / Q000302:isolation & purification; D064307:Microbiota; D000071074:Neonatal Sepsis / Q000453:epidemiology; D010102:Oxygen Inhalation Therapy; D011014:Pneumonia / Q000453:epidemiology; D012121:Respiration, Artificial; D012178:Retinopathy of Prematurity / Q000453:epidemiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013210:Staphylococcus / Q000302:isolation & purification; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000302:isolation & purification; D013292:Streptococcus agalactiae / Q000302:isolation & purification; D013997:Time Factors; D014132:Trachea / Q000382:microbiology*; D034363:Viridans Streptococci / Q000302:isolation & purification