title: Anti-inflammatory effects of sodium alginate/gelatine porous scaffolds merged with fucoidan in murine microglial BV2 cells.
abstract: Microglia are the immune cells of the central nervous system (CNS). Overexpression of inflammatory mediators by microglia can induce several neurological diseases. Thus, the underlying basic requirement for neural tissue engineering is to develop materials that exhibit little or no neuro-inflammatory effects. In this study, we have developed a method to create porous scaffolds by adding fucoidan (Fu) into porous sodium alginate (Sa)/gelatine (G) (SaGFu). For mechanical characterization, in vitro degradation, stress/strain, swelling, and pore size were measured. Furthermore, the biocompatibility was evaluated by assessing the adhesion and proliferation of BV2 microglial cells on the SaGFu porous scaffolds using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay, respectively. Moreover, we studied the neuro-inflammatory effects of SaGFu on BV2 microglial cells. The effect of gelatine and fucoidan content on the various properties of the scaffold was investigated and the results showed that mechanical properties increased porosity and swelling ratio with an increase in the gelatine and fucoidan, while the in vitro biodegradability decreased. The average SaGFu diameter attained by fabrication of SaGFu ranged from 60 to 120μm with high porosity (74.44%-88.30%). Cell culture using gelatine 2.0% (SaG2Fu) and 4.0% (SaG4Fu), showed good cell proliferation; more than 60-80% that with Sa alone. Following stimulation with 0.5μg/mL LPS, microglia cultured in porous SaGFu decreased their expression of nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and reactive oxygen species (ROS). SaG2Fu and SaG4Fu also inhibited the activation and translocation of p65 NF-κB protein levels, resulting in reduction of NO, ROS, and PGE2 production. These results provide insights into the diverse biological effects and opens new avenues for the applications of SaGFu in neuroscience.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, and Center for Marine-Integrated Biomedical Technology (BK21 Plus) Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea; Marine-Integrated Bionics Research Center, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Van-Tinh
authors.initials: VT
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, and Center for Marine-Integrated Biomedical Technology (BK21 Plus) Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea; Marine-Integrated Bionics Research Center, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Seok-Chun
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Ko
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, and Center for Marine-Integrated Biomedical Technology (BK21 Plus) Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea; Marine-Integrated Bionics Research Center, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Gun-Woo
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, and Center for Marine-Integrated Biomedical Technology (BK21 Plus) Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea; Marine-Integrated Bionics Research Center, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Seong-Yeong
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Heo
authors.affiliation: Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: You-Jin
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Jeon
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Won Sun
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Marine-Integrated Bionics Research Center, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea; Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Inje University, Busan 47392, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Il-Whan
authors.initials: IW
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon 14662, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: choisw@catholic.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Sung-Wook
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, and Center for Marine-Integrated Biomedical Technology (BK21 Plus) Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea; Marine-Integrated Bionics Research Center, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: wkjung@pknu.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Won-Kyo
authors.initials: WK
authors.lastname: Jung
mesh_terms: D000464:Alginates / Q000737:chemistry; D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D002460:Cell Line; D029941:Fish Proteins / Q000737:chemistry; D005399:Fishes; D005780:Gelatin / Q000737:chemistry; D020723:Glucuronic Acid / Q000737:chemistry; D006603:Hexuronic Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D051379:Mice; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D016062:Porosity; D013499:Surface Properties; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000464:Alginates; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D029941:Fish Proteins; D006603:Hexuronic Acids; D011134:Polysaccharides; D020723:Glucuronic Acid; D005780:Gelatin; C007789:fucoidan
keywords: Biocompatibility; Fish skin gelatine; Fucoidan; Microglia; Neuro-inflammation; Sodium alginate