title: How Accurate Are Home Blood Pressure Devices in Use? A Cross-Sectional Study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Out of office blood pressure measurements, using either home monitors or 24 hour ambulatory monitoring, is widely recommended for management of hypertension. Though validation protocols, meant to be used by manufacturers, exist for blood pressure monitors, there is scant data in the literature about the accuracy of home blood pressure monitors in actual clinical practice. We performed a chart review in the blood pressure assessment clinic at a tertiary care centre.
  
  
  METHODS
  We assessed the accuracy of home blood pressure monitors used by patients seen in the nephrology clinic in Ottawa between the years 2011 to 2014. We recorded patient demographics and clinical data, including the blood pressure measurements, arm circumference and the manufacturer of the home blood pressure monitor. The average of BP measurements performed with the home blood pressure monitor, were compared to those with the mercury sphygmomanometer. We defined accuracy based on a difference of 5 mm Hg in the blood pressure values between the home monitor and mercury sphygmomanometer readings. The two methods were compared using a Bland-Altman plot and a student's t-test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The study included 210 patients. The mean age of the study population was 67 years and 61% was men. The average mid-arm circumference was 32.2 cms. 30% and 32% of the home BP monitors reported a mean systolic and diastolic BP values, respectively, different from the mercury measurements by 5 mm Hg or more. There was no significant difference between the monitors that were accurate versus those that were not when grouped according to the patient characteristics, cuff size or the brand of the home monitor.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  An important proportion of home blood pressure monitors used by patients seen in our nephrology clinic were inaccurate. A re-validation of the accuracy and safety of the devices already in use is prudent before relying on these measurements for clinical decisions.
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada.|Division of Cardiology, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Canada.|Division of Nephrology, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Canada.
authors.forename: Marcel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ruzicka
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada.|Division of Nephrology, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Canada.|Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada.
authors.forename: Ayub
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Akbari
authors.affiliation: Kidney Research Centre, Ottawa Health Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada.
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bruketa
authors.affiliation: Kidney Research Centre, Ottawa Health Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada.
authors.forename: Jeanne Françoise
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Kayibanda
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Canada.
authors.forename: Claude
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Baril
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada.|Division of Nephrology, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Canada.|Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada.|Kidney Research Centre, Ottawa Health Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada.
authors.forename: Swapnil
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0010-3416
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hiremath
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D018660:Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000592:standards*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged