title: The Effects of Music Intervention on Sleep Quality in Community-Dwelling Elderly.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the effects of music intervention on sleep quality in community-dwelling elderly people.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two-armed randomized controlled trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  Four urban communities in Xi`an, China.
  
  
  METHODS
  People aged 60 years or older with poor sleep quality (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index [PSQI] score >7).
  
  
  METHODS
  All participants received one sleep hygiene education session and biweekly telephone calls. Each participant in the intervention group received an MP3 player with a music database. The participants selected the preferred music and listened for 30-45 minutes per night for 3 months.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sleep quality, the main study outcome, was measured by PSQI at baseline, 1 month, 2 months, and 3 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sixty-four elderly people with a mean age of 69.38 ± 5.46 years were randomly assigned to the control group (n = 32) or the intervention group (n = 32). All participants completed the study, and none reported discomfort related to the music intervention. The intervention group demonstrated continuous improvements in sleep quality, with a global PSQI score of 13.53 at baseline, 9.28 at 1 month, 8.28 at 2 months, and 7.28 at 3 months. Although the global PSQI score in the control group also decreased from 12.26 at baseline to 8.72 at 3 months, the intervention group achieved greater improvements at each measurement (all p < 0.05). Repeated-measures analysis of variance revealed significant group-by-time interaction effects in global PSQI score and three component scores: sleep latency, sleep efficiency, and daytime dysfunction (all p < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Music is a safe and effective nonpharmacological intervention for improving the sleep quality of community-dwelling elderly people, especially in improving sleep latency, sleep efficiency, and daytime dysfunction.
authors.affiliation: 1 The Nethersole School of Nursing, The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong SAR, China .
authors.forename: Qun
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: 1 The Nethersole School of Nursing, The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong SAR, China .
authors.forename: Sek Ying
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Chair
authors.affiliation: 1 The Nethersole School of Nursing, The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong SAR, China .
authors.forename: Eliza Mi Ling
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.affiliation: 2 Faculty of Nursing, College of Medicine, Xian Jiaotong University , Xian, Shaanxi Province, China .
authors.forename: Xiaomei
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006707:Homes for the Aged; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009147:Music Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D012890:Sleep / Q000502:physiology*; D007319:Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders / Q000628:therapy*