title: Monoscopic photogrammetry to obtain 3D models by a mobile device: a method for making facial prostheses.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study is to present the development of a new technique to obtain 3D models using photogrammetry by a mobile device and free software, as a method for making digital facial impressions of patients with maxillofacial defects for the final purpose of 3D printing of facial prostheses.
  
  
  METHODS
  With the use of a mobile device, free software and a photo capture protocol, 2D captures of the anatomy of a patient with a facial defect were transformed into a 3D model. The resultant digital models were evaluated for visual and technical integrity. The technical process and resultant models were described and analyzed for technical and clinical usability.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Generating 3D models to make digital face impressions was possible by the use of photogrammetry with photos taken by a mobile device. The facial anatomy of the patient was reproduced by a *.3dp and a *.stl file with no major irregularities. 3D printing was possible.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  An alternative method for capturing facial anatomy is possible using a mobile device for the purpose of obtaining and designing 3D models for facial rehabilitation. Further studies must be realized to compare 3D modeling among different techniques and systems.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Free software and low cost equipment could be a feasible solution to obtain 3D models for making digital face impressions for maxillofacial prostheses, improving access for clinical centers that do not have high cost technology considered as a prior acquisition.
authors.affiliation: UNIP Postgraduate Dental School, Universidade Paulista, Rua Afonso Braz, 525 - Cj. 81 Vila Nova Conceição, São Paulo, CEP 04511-011, SP, Brazil. rodrigo_eb@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Rodrigo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Salazar-Gamarra
authors.affiliation: The Craniofacial Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, 811 S Paulina St, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
authors.forename: Rosemary
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Seelaus
authors.affiliation: Division of the Centro Tecnológico da Informação Renato Archer, Rodovia Dom Pedro I, Km 143, 6 - Amarais, Campinas, SP, 13069-901, Brazil.
authors.forename: Jorge Vicente Lopes
authors.initials: JV
authors.lastname: da Silva
authors.affiliation: Centro Tecnológico da Informação Renato Archer Campinas, Rodovia Dom Pedro I, Km 143, 6 - Amarais, Campinas, SP, 13069-901, Brazil.
authors.forename: Airton Moreira
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: da Silva
authors.affiliation: UNIP Postgraduate Dental School, Universidade Paulista, Rua Afonso Braz, 525 - Cj. 81 Vila Nova Conceição, São Paulo, CEP 04511-011, SP, Brazil.|Oncology Center, Hospital Alemão Oswaldo Cruz, Rua Afonso Braz, 525 - Cj. 81 Vila Nova Conceição, São Paulo, CEP 04511-011, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Luciano Lauria
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Dib
mesh_terms: D040421:Cell Phone; D005145:Face / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D006801:Humans; D063731:Mobile Applications; D008953:Models, Anatomic; D010780:Photogrammetry / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D066330:Printing, Three-Dimensional; D019736:Prostheses and Implants
keywords: 123D Catch; 3D photography; Facial prosthetics; Maxillofacial rehabilitation; Oral rehabilitation; Photogrammetry