title: Medical expenditures in patients with high risk of diabetes: Effects of BMI, hypertension, and health-related quality of life.
abstract: To evaluate the health-related quality of life (HRQOL) of patients with diabetes and persons at high risk of developing diabetes and the association between HRQOL scores and subsequent medical expenditures in these persons.
  
  
  
  Data came from the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey. Body mass index (BMI) and hypertension were used to identify risk of diabetes. Burden was assessed by comparing SF-12 physical (PCS) and mental (MCS) summary scores in patients with diabetes and those at risk of having diabetes to the age- and gender-adjusted PCS and MCS of those with normal BMI and no hypertension. Associations between PCS and MCS and medical expenditures were modeled using a two-part model that controlled for clinical and demographic factors. Percent increase in expenditure associated with PCS and MCS differences was evaluated as the ratio of estimated expenditure, holding other factors fixed.
  
  
  
  Diabetes risk factors were associated with up to 9-point lower PCS and 3-point lower MCS score. Overall, 1-, 2-, 5-, and 10-point lower PCS scores were associated with 2.9%, 5.8%, 15.0%, and 31.8% higher expenditures, and lower MCS scores were associated with 1.3%, 2.6%, 6.5%, and 13.5% higher expenditures, respectively.
  
  
  
  The reported associations can help clinicians and researchers interpret the magnitude of HRQOL score differences.
authors.affiliation: Optum, Lincoln, Rhode Island, USA.
authors.forename: Regina
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rendas-Baum
authors.affiliation: Novo Nordisk a/S, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lyng Wolden
authors.affiliation: Novo Nordisk a/S, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Agathe
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Le Lay
authors.affiliation: Optum, Lincoln, Rhode Island, USA.
authors.forename: Jakob
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bue Bjorner
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015992:Body Mass Index; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000191:economics*; D005260:Female; D005102:Health Expenditures; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011788:Quality of Life; D012307:Risk Factors