title: Prevalence of Depression in Medical Students at the Lebanese University and Exploring its Correlation With Facebook Relevance: A Questionnaire Study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The prevalence of major depression is particularly high in medical students, affecting around one-third of this population. Moreover, online social media, in particular Facebook, is becoming an intrinsic part in the life of a growing proportion of individuals worldwide.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Our primary objective is to identify the prevalence of depression in medical students at the Lebanese University Faculty of Medicine, a unique state university in Lebanon, its correlation with the utilization of the interactive features of Facebook, and the way students may resort to these features.
  
  
  METHODS
  Students of the Lebanese University Faculty of Medicine were assessed for (1) depression and (2) Facebook activity. To screen for major depression, we used the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) scale. To test for Facebook activity, we developed the Facebook Resorting Questionnaire (FbRQ), which measures the degree to which students resort to Facebook.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 365 out of 480 students (76.0%) participated in the survey. A total of 25 students were excluded, hence 340 students were included in the final analysis. Current depression was reported in 117 students out of 340 (34.4%) and t tests showed female predominance. Moreover, PHQ-9 score multiple regression analysis showed that feeling depressed is explained 63.5% of the time by specific independent variables studied from the PHQ-9 and the FbRQ. Depression varied significantly among the different academic years (P<.001) and it peaked in the third-year students. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that depression and resorting to Facebook had a positive and significant relationship (P=.003) and the different FbRQ categories had significant differences in resorting-to-Facebook power. The like, add friend, and check-in features students used when resorting to Facebook were significantly associated with depression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study showed that depression was highly prevalent among students of the Faculty of Medicine at the Lebanese University. Moreover, Facebook may be a promising, helpful, psychological tool for optimizing the management of depression. Our study brought to bear further questions that now prompt further observation and scrutiny to know more about the high rates of depression in this student population, more so in the part of the world studied, and to the growing role of social media.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon.
authors.forename: Wadih J
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1318-688X
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Naja
authors.forename: Alaa H
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2948-5991
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Kansoun
authors.forename: Ramzi S
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2053-3181
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Haddad
keywords: Facebook; FbRQ; Lebanese University Faculty of Medicine; PHQ-9; depression