title: Utilization and Assessment of Throat Swab and Urine Specimens for Diagnosis of Chikungunya Virus Infection.
abstract: Chikungunya is a mosquito-borne infection with clinical presentation of fever, arthralgia, and rash. The etiological agent Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is generally transmitted from primates to humans through the bites of infected Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus mosquitoes. Outbreaks of Chikungunya occur commonly with varied morbidity, mortality, and sequele according to the epidemiological, ecological, seasonal, and geographical impact. Investigations are required to be conducted as a part of the public health service to understand and report the suspected cases as confirmed by laboratory diagnosis. Holistic sampling at a time of different types would be useful for laboratory testing, result conclusion, and reporting in a valid way. The use of serum samples for virus detection, virus isolation, and serology is routinely practiced, but sometimes serum samples from pediatric and other cases may not be easily available. In such a situation, easily available throat swabs and urine samples could be useful. It is already well reported for measles, rubella, and mumps diseases to have the virus diagnosis from throat swabs and urine. Here, we present the protocols for diagnosis of CHIKV using throat swab and urine specimens.
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Virology, Bangalore Unit, RGICD Premises, 1st main Someshwarnagar, Near NIMHANS, DRC Post, Bangalore, 560029, India. cgrniv@yahoo.co.in.
authors.forename: Chandrashekhar G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Raut
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Virology, Bangalore Unit, RGICD Premises, 1st main Someshwarnagar, Near NIMHANS, DRC Post, Bangalore, 560029, India.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hanumaiah
authors.affiliation: Dr.D.Y.Patil Medical College, Hospital & Research Centre, Sant Tukaram Nagar, Pimpri, Pune, 411018, India.
authors.forename: Wrunda C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Raut
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D065632:Chikungunya Fever / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000276:immunology / Q000652:urine; D002646:Chikungunya virus / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D006801:Humans; D007194:India; D051379:Mice; D010614:Pharynx / Q000821:virology*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014556:Urine / Q000821:virology*
keywords: Arthralgia; Chikungunya virus; Throat swab; Urine