title: Experience-Dependent Bimodal Plasticity of Inhibitory Neurons in Early Development.
abstract: Inhibitory neurons are heterogeneous in the mature brain. It is unclear when and how inhibitory neurons express distinct structural and functional profiles. Using in vivo time-lapse imaging of tectal neuron structure and visually evoked Ca(2+) responses in tadpoles, we found that inhibitory neurons cluster into two groups with opposite valence of plasticity after 4 hr of dark and visual stimulation. Half decreased dendritic arbor size and Ca(2+) responses after dark and increased them after visual stimulation, matching plasticity in excitatory neurons. Half increased dendrite arbor size and Ca(2+) responses following dark and decreased them after stimulation. At the circuit level, visually evoked excitatory and inhibitory synaptic inputs were potentiated by visual experience and E/I remained constant. Our results indicate that developing inhibitory neurons fall into distinct functional groups with opposite experience-dependent plasticity and as such, are well positioned to foster experience-dependent synaptic plasticity and maintain circuit stability during labile periods of circuit development.
authors.affiliation: The Dorris Neuroscience Center, Department of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
authors.forename: Hai-Yan
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: Key Lab of Organ Development and Regeneration of Zhejiang Province, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310036, China.
authors.forename: Wanhua
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.affiliation: The Dorris Neuroscience Center, Department of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
authors.forename: Masaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hiramoto
authors.affiliation: The Dorris Neuroscience Center, Department of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA. Electronic address: cline@scripps.edu.
authors.forename: Hollis T
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Cline
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003712:Dendrites / Q000502:physiology; D007814:Larva; D009433:Neural Inhibition / Q000502:physiology*; D009473:Neuronal Plasticity / Q000502:physiology*; D009474:Neurons / Q000502:physiology*; D010775:Photic Stimulation; D013477:Superior Colliculi / Q000166:cytology / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000502:physiology; D059008:Time-Lapse Imaging; D014982:Xenopus laevis