title: Corrective Surgery for Congenital Scoliosis Associated with Split Cord Malformation: It May Be Safe to Leave Diastematomyelia Untreated in Patients with Intact or Stable Neurological Status.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The treatment of congenital scoliosis associated with split cord malformation (SCM) raises the issue of how to best manage such patients to avoid neurological deficit while achieving a satisfactory correction.
  
  
  METHODS
  This prospective clinical study was performed at our center from March 2000 through June 2013. We enrolled a total of 214 patients (61 male and 153 female) with congenital scoliosis associated with SCM who were undergoing spinal correction surgery. The mean age at surgery was 14.1 years. The inclusion criteria were congenital scoliosis with confirmed SCM; status as neurologically intact or stable over the preceding 2 years; and no neurological deterioration as evidenced on traction, side-bending, or fulcrum-bending radiographs. Patients with unstable neurological status or for whom vertebral column resection surgery was planned were excluded. All patients underwent scoliosis surgery without prophylactic detethering.
  
  
  RESULTS
  On the basis of the Pang classification, 73 patients were in the type-I SCM group, and 141 were in the type-II SCM group. The groups did not differ significantly with respect to preoperative characteristics, operative time, blood loss, or number of levels fused. The mean follow-up was 37 months (range, 24 to 108 months). The rate of scoliosis correction was lower in the type-I group than in the type-II group (p < 0.05). In the type-I group, the correction rate was 48.9% at 1 week postoperatively and 42.2% at the last follow-up. In the type-II group, the correction rate was 54.7% at 1 week postoperatively and 47.9% at the last follow-up. Eleven (5.1%) of the patients experienced transient neurological complications, with no significant difference between the groups (p = 0.415). No patient experienced permanent neurological deficit during surgery or follow-up.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients with congenital scoliosis associated with SCM, regardless of type, can safely and effectively undergo spinal deformity correction and achieve spinal balance without neurological intervention. For such patients with intact or stable neurological status, prophylactic detethering prior to scoliosis surgery may not be necessary.
  
  
  METHODS
  Therapeutic Level II. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedics, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, People's Republic of China shenjianxiong@medmail.com.cn.
authors.forename: Jianxiong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedics, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Jianguo
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedics, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Fan
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedics, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yipeng
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedics, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Guixing
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Qiu
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedics, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Zheng
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009436:Neural Tube Defects / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery*; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012600:Scoliosis / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery*; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000601:surgery*; D013123:Spinal Fusion / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult