title: Trends in the management of pelvic fractures, 2008-2010.
abstract: Bleeding from pelvic fractures can be lethal. Angioembolization (AE) and external fixation (EXFIX) are common treatments to control bleeding, but it is not known how frequently they are used. We hypothesized that AE would be increasingly more common compared with EXFIX over time.
  
  
  
  The National Trauma Data Bank for the years from 2008-2010 were used. Patients were included in the study if they had an International Classification of Diseases, ninth edition, Clinical Modification codes for pelvic fractures and were aged ≥18 y. Patients were excluded if they had isolated acetabular fractures, were not admitted, or had minor injuries. Outcomes included receiving a procedure and in-hospital mortality.
  
  
  
  A total of 22,568 patients met study criteria. AE and EXFIX were performed in 746 (3.3%) and 663 (2.9%) patients, respectively. AE was performed more often as the study period progressed (2.5% in 2007 to 3.7% in 2010; P < 0.001). This remained significant in adjusted analysis (odds ratio per year 1.15; P = 0.008). Having a procedure was associated with higher mortality in unadjusted analyses compared with those with no procedure (11.0% for no procedure versus 20.5% and 13.4% for AE or EXFIX, respectively; P < 0.001). In adjusted analyses, only AE remained associated with higher mortality (odds ratio 1.63; P < 0.001).
  
  
  
  AE in severely injured pelvic fracture patients is increasing. AE is associated with higher mortality, which may reflect the fact that it is used for patients at higher risk of death. The role of AE for bleeding should be examined in future studies.
authors.affiliation: University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, South Carolina.
authors.forename: Christopher H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Chu
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, California.
authors.forename: Lakshika
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tennakoon
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, California.
authors.forename: Paul M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Maggio
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, California.
authors.forename: Tom G
authors.initials: TG
authors.lastname: Weiser
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, California.
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Spain
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, California. Electronic address: kristans@stanford.edu.
authors.forename: Kristan L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Staudenmayer
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016208:Databases, Factual; D004621:Embolization, Therapeutic / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data / Q000639:trends*; D005260:Female; D005592:Fracture Fixation / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data / Q000639:trends*; D050723:Fractures, Bone / Q000150:complications* / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery; D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D017052:Hospital Mortality; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010384:Pelvic Bones / Q000293:injuries* / Q000601:surgery; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians' / Q000706:statistics & numerical data / Q000639:trends*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014481:United States; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Angioembolization; External fixation; Pelvic fracture; Trauma