title: Elicitin recognition confers enhanced resistance to Phytophthora infestans in potato.
abstract: Potato late blight, caused by the destructive Irish famine pathogen Phytophthora infestans, is a major threat to global food security(1,2). All late blight resistance genes identified to date belong to the coiled-coil, nucleotide-binding, leucine-rich repeat class of intracellular immune receptors(3). However, virulent races of the pathogen quickly evolved to evade recognition by these cytoplasmic immune receptors(4). Here we demonstrate that the receptor-like protein ELR (elicitin response) from the wild potato Solanum microdontum mediates extracellular recognition of the elicitin domain, a molecular pattern that is conserved in Phytophthora species. ELR associates with the immune co-receptor BAK1/SERK3 and mediates broad-spectrum recognition of elicitin proteins from several Phytophthora species, including four diverse elicitins from P. infestans. Transfer of ELR into cultivated potato resulted in enhanced resistance to P. infestans. Pyramiding cell surface pattern recognition receptors with intracellular immune receptors could maximize the potential of generating a broader and potentially more durable resistance to this devastating plant pathogen.
authors.affiliation: Wageningen UR Plant Breeding, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, Wageningen 6708 PB, The Netherlands.|Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education National Center for Vegetable Improvement (Central China); Potato Engineering and Technology Research Center of Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China.
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Du
authors.affiliation: Wageningen UR Plant Breeding, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, Wageningen 6708 PB, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Estelle
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Verzaux
authors.affiliation: The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK.
authors.forename: Angela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chaparro-Garcia
authors.affiliation: Wageningen UR Plant Breeding, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, Wageningen 6708 PB, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Gerard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bijsterbosch
authors.affiliation: Biometris, PO Box 100, Wageningen 6700 AC, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: L C Paul
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Keizer
authors.affiliation: The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK.
authors.forename: Ji
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Phytopathology, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, Wageningen 6708 PB, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Thomas W H
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Liebrand
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education National Center for Vegetable Improvement (Central China); Potato Engineering and Technology Research Center of Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China.
authors.forename: Conghua
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Phytopathology, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, Wageningen 6708 PB, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Francine
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Govers
authors.affiliation: The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK.
authors.forename: Silke
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Robatzek
authors.affiliation: Wageningen UR Plant Breeding, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, Wageningen 6708 PB, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Edwin A G
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: van der Vossen
authors.affiliation: Wageningen UR Plant Breeding, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, Wageningen 6708 PB, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Evert
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Jacobsen
authors.affiliation: Wageningen UR Plant Breeding, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, Wageningen 6708 PB, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Richard G F
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Visser
authors.affiliation: The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK.
authors.forename: Sophien
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kamoun
authors.affiliation: Wageningen UR Plant Breeding, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, Wageningen 6708 PB, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Vivianne G A A
authors.initials: VG
authors.lastname: Vleeshouwers
mesh_terms: D060467:Disease Resistance; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions; D000069452:Pathogen-Associated Molecular Pattern Molecules; D055750:Phytophthora infestans / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000382:microbiology; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D030821:Plants, Genetically Modified; D011506:Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D011198:Solanum tuberosum / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000382:microbiology*
chemical_list: D000069452:Pathogen-Associated Molecular Pattern Molecules; D010940:Plant Proteins; D011506:Proteins; C085101:elicitin, Phytophthora