title: Dimethyl Sulfoxide Protects Escherichia coli from Rapid Antimicrobial-Mediated Killing.
abstract: The contribution of reactive oxygen species (ROS) to antimicrobial lethality was examined by treating Escherichia coli with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), an antioxidant solvent frequently used in antimicrobial studies. DMSO inhibited killing by ampicillin, kanamycin, and two quinolones and had little effect on MICs. DMSO-mediated protection correlated with decreased ROS accumulation and provided evidence for ROS-mediated programmed cell death. These data support the contribution of ROS to antimicrobial lethality and suggest caution when using DMSO-dissolved antimicrobials for short-time killing assays.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiang-An District, Xiamen, Fujian Province, China School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Minhou District, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China.
authors.forename: Hongfei
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mi
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiang-An District, Xiamen, Fujian Province, China.
authors.forename: Dai
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiang-An District, Xiamen, Fujian Province, China.
authors.forename: Yunxin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xue
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiang-An District, Xiamen, Fujian Province, China.
authors.forename: Zhi
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiang-An District, Xiamen, Fujian Province, China School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Minhou District, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China Zhongshan Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University Medical School, Siming District, Xiamen, Fujian Province, China niujianjun211@xmu.edu.cn zhaox5@xmu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Jianjun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Niu
authors.affiliation: Public Health Research Institute and Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry, and Molecular Genetics, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Newark, New Jersey, USA.
authors.forename: Yuzhi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.affiliation: Public Health Research Institute and Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry, and Molecular Genetics, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Newark, New Jersey, USA.
authors.forename: Karl
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Drlica
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiang-An District, Xiamen, Fujian Province, China Public Health Research Institute and Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry, and Molecular Genetics, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Newark, New Jersey, USA niujianjun211@xmu.edu.cn zhaox5@xmu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Xilin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhao
mesh_terms: D000667:Ampicillin / Q000494:pharmacology; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004121:Dimethyl Sulfoxide / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D007612:Kanamycin / Q000494:pharmacology; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D015363:Quinolones / Q000494:pharmacology; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D015363:Quinolones; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D007612:Kanamycin; D000667:Ampicillin; D004121:Dimethyl Sulfoxide