title: A high-throughput detection method for invasive fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) species based on microfluidic dynamic array.
abstract: Invasive species can be detrimental to a nation's ecology, economy and human health. Rapid and accurate diagnostics are critical to limit the establishment and spread of exotic organisms. The increasing rate of biological invasions relative to the taxonomic expertise available generates a demand for high-throughput, DNA-based diagnostics methods for identification. We designed species-specific qPCR primer and probe combinations for 27 economically important tephritidae species in six genera (Anastrepha, Bactrocera, Carpomya, Ceratitis, Dacus and Rhagoletis) based on 935 COI DNA barcode haplotypes from 181 fruit fly species publically available in BOLD, and then tested the specificity for each primer pair and probe through qPCR of 35 of those species. We then developed a standardization reaction system for detecting the 27 target species based on a microfluidic dynamic array and also applied the method to identify unknown immature samples from port interceptions and field monitoring. This method led to a specific and simultaneous detection for all 27 species in 7.5 h, using only 0.2 μL of reaction system in each reaction chamber. The approach successfully discriminated among species within complexes that had genetic similarities of up to 98.48%, while it also identified all immature samples consistent with the subsequent results of morphological examination of adults which were reared from larvae of cohorts from the same samples. We present an accurate, rapid and high-throughput innovative approach for detecting fruit flies of quarantine concern. This is a new method which has broad potential to be one of international standards for plant quarantine and invasive species detection.
authors.affiliation: College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.|Institute of Plant Quarantine, Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing, 100176, China.
authors.forename: Fan
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Plant Quarantine, Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing, 100176, China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8958-5396
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.affiliation: School of Earth, Environmental and Biological Sciences, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), G.P.O. Box 2434, Brisbane, 4000, Qld, Australia.
authors.forename: Anthony R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Clarke
authors.affiliation: School of Earth, Environmental and Biological Sciences, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), G.P.O. Box 2434, Brisbane, 4000, Qld, Australia.
authors.forename: Mark Kurt
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Schutze
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Agriculture, Padjadjaran University, Jatinangor, 40600, West Java, Indonesia.
authors.forename: Agus
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Susanto
authors.affiliation: Institute of Plant Quarantine, Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing, 100176, China. zhusf@caiq.gov.cn.
authors.forename: Shuifang
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China. lizh@cau.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Zhihong
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D058893:DNA Barcoding, Taxonomic / Q000379:methods*; D003576:Electron Transport Complex IV / Q000235:genetics; D004772:Entomology / Q000379:methods*; D044085:Microfluidics / Q000379:methods*; D010944:Plants / Q000469:parasitology; D011790:Quarantine; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D033621:Tephritidae / Q000235:genetics* / Q000254:growth & development*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D003576:Electron Transport Complex IV
keywords: DNA barcodes; Fluidigm system; biological invasion; molecular identification; plant quarantine; species-specific