title: Development and validation of a phase analysis tool to measure interventricular mechanical dyssynchrony from gated SPECT MPI.
abstract: The purpose of this study is to develop a right-ventricular (RV) phase analysis tool which when coupled with our left ventricular (LV) phase analysis tool can provide measurement of the interventricular mechanical dyssynchrony from gated SPECT myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI), and validate the tool by electrocardiography (ECG).
  
  
  
  For each patient, short-axis LV and RV SPECT MPI images were input into an automatic sampling algorithm to generate the 3D maximal count circumferential profiles for both LV and RV in each cardiac frame. Subsequently, the samples of LV and RV were separately used by our phase analysis tool based on the first-harmonic Fourier approximation to calculate the contraction onset for each sample. The difference between contraction onsets of the middle LV free wall and middle LV septal wall represented the LV contraction delay; the difference between contraction onsets of the middle RV free wall and middle RV septal wall represented the RV contraction delay. The difference between the LV and RV contraction delays represented the interventricular contraction delay, which was compared with the interventricular conduction delay classified by ECG to validate the concordance of interventricular mechanical and electrical dyssynchrony. Sixty-one bundle branch block (BBB) patients with ischemic-dilated cardiomyopathy (26, 42.6%) or non-ischemic-dilated cardiomyopathy (35, 57.4%), who underwent 12-lead surface ECG and gated resting Tc-99m sestamibi SPECT, were retrospectively analyzed in this study.
  
  
  
  In the 30 patients with left bundle branch block (LBBB) by ECG, there were 27 patients whose LV contracted later than the RV according to SPECT; and in the 31 patients with right bundle branch block (RBBB) by ECG, there were 26 patients whose LV contracted earlier than the RV according to SPECT. In total, an agreement rate of 86.9% (53 of 61) was achieved between SPECT and ECG. The Kappa agreement rate was 73.8% (95% confidence interval 0.57-0.91).
  
  
  
  The preliminary results showed promise for the measurement of interventricular mechanical dyssynchrony in BBB patients with dilated cardiomyopathy using our phase analysis tool.
authors.affiliation: School of Computing, University of Southern Mississippi, Long Beach, MS, USA.
authors.forename: Weihua
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
authors.forename: Zhixin
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
authors.forename: Ji
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
authors.forename: Ernest V
authors.initials: EV
authors.lastname: Garcia
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China. doctorldf@163.com.
authors.forename: Dianfu
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000465:Algorithms; D002037:Bundle-Branch Block; D004562:Electrocardiography; D005260:Female; D006321:Heart / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D055414:Myocardial Perfusion Imaging / Q000592:standards; D009206:Myocardium; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D017256:Technetium Tc 99m Sestamibi / Q000737:chemistry; D015899:Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon
chemical_list: D017256:Technetium Tc 99m Sestamibi
keywords: ECG; SPECT; interventricular dyssynchrony; myocardial perfusion imaging; phase analysis