title: Black Phosphorus Nanosheets: Synthesis, Characterization and Applications.
abstract: Black phosphorus (BP) is an emerging two-dimensional (2D) material with a natural bandgap, which has unique anisotropy and extraordinary physical properties. Due to its puckered structure, BP exhibits strong in-plane anisotropy unlike other layered materials. The bandgap tunability of BP enables a wide range of ultrafast electronics and high frequency optoelectronic applications ranging from telecommunications to thermal imaging covering the nearly entire electromagnetic spectrum, whereas no other 2D material has this functionality. Here, recent advances in the synthesis, fabrication, anisotropic physical properties, and BP-based devices including field effect transistors (FETs) and photodetectors, are discussed. Recent passivation approaches to address the degradation of BP, which is one of the main challenges to bring this material into real world applications, are also introduced. Finally, a comment is made on the recent developments in other emerging applications, future outlook and challenges ahead in BP research.
authors.affiliation: School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798.
authors.forename: Varrla
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Eswaraiah
authors.affiliation: School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798.
authors.forename: Qingsheng
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zeng
authors.affiliation: School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798.
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Long
authors.affiliation: School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798.|Center for Programmable Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.|NOVITAS, Nanoelectronics Center of Excellence, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798.|CINTRA CNRS/NTU/THALES, UMI 3288, Research Techno Plaza, 50 Nanyang Drive, Border X Block, Level 6, Singapore, 637553.
authors.forename: Zheng
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Liu
keywords: anisotropy; bandgaps; black phosphorus; electronics; optoelectronics