title: Reconstruction of Monteggia-like proximal ulna fractures using different fixation devices: A biomechanical study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Comminuted proximal ulna fractures are rare and reconstruction of these fractures is discussed controversially. The aim of this study was to test three currently available plate devices in a standardized comminuted four-part fracture model created in proximal ulna sawbones.
  
  
  METHODS
  A standardized four-part fracture of the proximal ulna was created in 80 sawbones. Reconstruction was performed by five experienced test surgeons according to a standardized reconstruction protocol. Each surgeon reconstructed 4 fractures with a 3.5mm eight-hole reconstruction plate, 4 fractures with seven-hole third-tubular double plates and 4 fractures with a 3.5mm anatomical seven-hole locked angle proximal ulna plate. 4 more fractures were reconstructed with simple K-wires as a reference construct for further experiments. Outcome measurements were time for reconstruction, quality of reconstruction and stability of the reconstruction. Stability testing was done in 90° and 30° flexion of the elbow. Testing in 30° flexion was done to test the anteroposterior stability regarding the fixed coronoid process.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Time for reconstruction was significantly less for K-wire fixation than for the plate devices. Time for reconstruction plating and locked angle plating was significantly lower than for double plating (p<0.005). Quality of reduction did not differ between the three plate systems (p<0.05). K-wire fixation showed the best quality of reduction (p<0.005). In 90° of elbow flexion the anatomic locked angle olecranon plate showed a significantly higher stability compared to the other devices. Furthermore the tubular double plating was significantly more stable than reconstruction plating or K-wire fixation (p<0.05). In anteroposterior loading at 30°, the stability did not differ between the 4 different fixation techniques (p>0.05). For all devices the testing in 30° flexion showed a significantly higher rigidity compared to 90° flexion.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The locked angle plate system showed the highest stability in 90° of elbow flexion. Each implant was more stable in 30° flexion than in 90° flexion. Testing of the anterior stability of the elbow did not show any differences between the different implants. Because of the superior stability of this device, we conclude that locked angle plating should be preferred for reconstruction of monteggia like complex proximal ulna fractures.
authors.affiliation: Klinik und Poliklinik für Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie, Universitsklinikum Köln, Kerpener Straße 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wegmann
authors.affiliation: Klinik und Poliklinik für Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie, Universitsklinikum Köln, Kerpener Straße 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Engel
authors.affiliation: Klinik und Poliklinik für Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie, Universitsklinikum Köln, Kerpener Straße 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Skouras
authors.affiliation: Klinik und Poliklinik für Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie, Universitsklinikum Köln, Kerpener Straße 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hackl
authors.affiliation: Klinik und Poliklinik für Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie, Universitsklinikum Köln, Kerpener Straße 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany.
authors.forename: L P
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Müller
authors.affiliation: Chirugische Klinik, St. Elisabeth Krankenhaus, Werthmannstrasse 1, D-50935 Cologne, Germany.
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Hopf
authors.affiliation: Chirugische Klinik, St. Elisabeth Krankenhaus, Werthmannstrasse 1, D-50935 Cologne, Germany. Electronic address: tkoslowsky@web.de.
authors.forename: T C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Koslowsky
mesh_terms: D001187:Artificial Organs; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D001860:Bone Plates; D001863:Bone Screws; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000601:surgery*; D005593:Fracture Fixation, Internal / Q000295:instrumentation; D018460:Fractures, Comminuted / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D014458:Ulna Fractures / Q000601:surgery*
keywords: Monteggia like proximal ulna fracture