title: Effect of photon induced photoacoustic streaming (PIPS) on bond strength to dentine of two root canal filling materials.
abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of photon induced photoacoustic streaming (PIPS) technique in combination with EDTA on bond strength of gutta-percha/AH Plus and Resilon/RealSeal SE root canal fillings to root dentine.
  
  
  
  Forty freshly extracted human maxillary anterior teeth with intact straight roots, were instrumented endodontically with rotating ProTaper instruments and randomly divided into two experimental groups. In group 1 (n = 20), root canals were rinsed for 1 minute with 2 ml of 17% EDTA. In group 2 (n = 20), Er:YAG laser, with a 14 mm long 400 μ diameter tapered PIPS tip, was used for 1 minute with 2 ml of 17% EDTA. The laser parameters used were: 20 mJ per pulse, 15 Hz, 50 microsecond. In each experimental group, half of the root canals (n = 10) were obturated with gutta-percha/AH Plus and other half (n = 10) with Resilon/RealSeal SE. A micropush-out test was performed on sectiond specimens of the filled roots using a universal testing machine and resistance to failure plus failure modes were determined.
  
  
  
  Both gutta-percha/AH Plus groups had higher bond strength to root dentin than the Resilon/RealSeal SE groups (P < 0.05). The smear layer removal protocol, with EDTA only or combining PIPS technique with EDTA, had no influence on bond strength of either gutta-percha/AH Plus, or Resilon/RealSeal SE (P > 0.05).
  
  
  
  Within the limitations of this study, it was found that the application of the PIPS technique did not have an affect on the push-out bond strength of Resilon/RealSeal SE root canal filling to dentin nor on the gutta-percha/AH Plus. A significant difference in bond strength was noted between the two root canal filling materials. Lasers Surg. Med. 48:951-954, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endodontics Restorative Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.
authors.forename: Ivana
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Miletić
authors.affiliation: Department of Dental Materials Fixed Prosthodontics, University of Siena, Policlinico "Le Scotte", Siena, Italy.
authors.forename: Nicoletta
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Chieffi
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Biotechnologies, School of Dental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.
authors.forename: Carlo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rengo
authors.affiliation: Department of Dental Materials Fixed Prosthodontics, University of Siena, Policlinico "Le Scotte", Siena, Italy.
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ferrari
authors.affiliation: Department of Restorative Sciences and Biomaterials, Goldman School of Dental Medicine Boston, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Dan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Nathanson
authors.affiliation: Department of Endodontics Restorative Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.
authors.forename: Anja
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Baraba
mesh_terms: D065096:Calcium Chelating Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D001840:Dental Bonding / Q000379:methods*; D003804:Dentin; D004492:Edetic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006171:Gutta-Percha / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D053844:Lasers, Solid-State / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D061088:Photoacoustic Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D017785:Photons; D011897:Random Allocation; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials / Q000737:chemistry*; D012390:Root Canal Therapy / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D065096:Calcium Chelating Agents; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials; C486892:resilon sealer; D006171:Gutta-Percha; D004492:Edetic Acid
keywords: Er:YAG laser; PIPS; micropush-out test; root canal filling