title: The potential use of cell-free-circulating-tumor DNA as a biomarker for prostate cancer.
abstract: We are yet to identify an accurate, precise and non-invasive biomarker for the detection of prostate cancer. It would undoubtedly be useful to have a reliable and cost-effective biomarker to inform clinical practice, in order to make a non-invasive diagnosis and to predict risk of progression to aggressive prostate cancer. Since the detection of cell-free-circulating-tumor DNA in the body fluids of prostate cancer patients, a number of studies have been conducted to assess diagnostic and/or prognostic information.
  
  
  
  In this literature review we evaluate the utility of cell-free-circulating-tumor-DNA for the development of a diagnostic and/or prognostic tool for prostate cancer. In addition, we identify potential areas for future research. Results from both quantitative and qualitative studies are presented. Expert commentary: Evidence for the suitability of a panel of DNA methylation markers for the non-invasive diagnosis of prostate cancer is strong. This panel would likely include the assessment of methylation status in gene promoter regions within the EDNR, GSTP1 and MDR genes. TIMP3 and APC show potential as diagnostic markers and should be further researched. Similarly, quantitation of cell-free-circulating-tumor-DNA in blood and urine requires further investigation.
authors.affiliation: a Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences , University of Auckland , Auckland , New Zealand.
authors.forename: Wendy Shuwen
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: b Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences , University of Auckland , Auckland , New Zealand.
authors.forename: Karen Suzanne
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Bishop
mesh_terms: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D001706:Biopsy / Q000379:methods; D019175:DNA Methylation; D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm / Q000097:blood*; D042822:Genomic Instability; D051549:Glutathione S-Transferase pi / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D020084:Long Interspersed Nucleotide Elements; D008297:Male; D011379:Prognosis; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm; D051549:Glutathione S-Transferase pi
keywords: Cell-free; biomarker and detection; carcinoma; circulating-tumor DNA; methylation; prostate cancer