title: Proteomics of Breast Muscle Tissue Associated with the Phenotypic Expression of Feed Efficiency within a Pedigree Male Broiler Line: I. Highlight on Mitochondria.
abstract: As feed represents 60 to 70% of the cost of raising an animal to market weight, feed efficiency (the amount of dry weight intake to amount of wet weight gain) remains an important genetic trait in animal agriculture. To gain greater understanding of cellular mechanisms of feed efficiency (FE), shotgun proteomics was conducted using in-gel trypsin digestion and tandem mass spectrometry on breast muscle samples obtained from pedigree male (PedM) broilers exhibiting high feed efficiency (FE) or low FE phenotypes (n = 4 per group). The high FE group had greater body weight gain (P = 0.004) but consumed the same amount of feed (P = 0.30) from 6 to 7 wk resulting in higher FE (P < 0.001). Over 1800 proteins were identified, of which 152 were different (P < 0.05) by at least 1.3 fold and ≤ 15 fold between the high and low FE phenotypes. Data were analyzed for a modified differential expression (DE) metric (Phenotypic Impact Factors or PIF) and interpretation of protein expression data facilitated using the Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) program. In the entire data set, 228 mitochondrial proteins were identified whose collective expression indicates a higher mitochondrial expression in the high FE phenotype (binomial probability P < 0.00001). Within the top up and down 5% PIF molecules in the dataset, there were 15 mitoproteome proteins up-regulated and only 5 down-regulated in the high FE phenotype. Pathway enrichment analysis also identified mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative phosphorylation as the number 1 and 5 differentially expressed canonical pathways (up-regulated in high FE) in the proteomic dataset. Upstream analysis (based on DE of downstream molecules) predicted that insulin receptor, insulin like growth receptor 1, nuclear factor, erythroid 2-like 2, AMP activated protein kinase (α subunit), progesterone and triiodothyronine would be activated in the high FE phenotype whereas rapamycin independent companion of target of rapamycin, mitogen activated protein kinase 4, and serum response factor would be inhibited in the high FE phenotype. The results provide additional insight into the fundamental molecular landscape of feed efficiency in breast muscle of broilers as well as further support for a role of mitochondria in the phenotypic expression of FE. Funding provided by USDA-NIFA (#2013-01953), Arkansas Biosciences Institute (Little Rock, AR), McMaster Fellowship (AUS to WB) and the Agricultural Experiment Station (Univ. of Arkansas, Fayetteville).
authors.affiliation: Department of Poultry Science, Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville AR 72701, United States of America.
authors.forename: Byung-Whi
authors.initials: BW
authors.lastname: Kong
authors.affiliation: Department of Poultry Science, Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville AR 72701, United States of America.
authors.forename: Kentu
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lassiter
authors.affiliation: Department of Poultry Science, Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville AR 72701, United States of America.
authors.forename: Alissa
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Piekarski-Welsher
authors.affiliation: Department of Poultry Science, Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville AR 72701, United States of America.
authors.forename: Sami
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dridi
authors.affiliation: CSIRO Livestock Industries, Queensland Bioscience Precinct, 306 Carmody Road, St. Lucia, QLD 4067, Australia.
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Reverter-Gomez
authors.affiliation: CSIRO Livestock Industries, Queensland Bioscience Precinct, 306 Carmody Road, St. Lucia, QLD 4067, Australia.
authors.forename: Nicholas James
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Hudson
authors.affiliation: Department of Poultry Science, Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville AR 72701, United States of America.
authors.forename: Walter Gay
authors.initials: WG
authors.lastname: Bottje
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed / Q000032:analysis*; D000822:Animal Husbandry / Q000379:methods*; D000824:Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D001947:Breeding / Q000379:methods; D002645:Chickens / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000378:metabolism*; D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D009124:Muscle Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D010369:Pectoralis Muscles / Q000378:metabolism*; D040901:Proteomics / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins; D009124:Muscle Proteins