title: Associations of serum anti-ganglioside antibodies and inflammatory markers in diabetic peripheral neuropathy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the associations between inflammatory markers, serum anti-ganglioside antibodies (anti-GS-ab), serum plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), C-reactive protein (CRP), and diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN).
  
  
  METHODS
  Study subjects were divided into three groups: normal group (N group) with 101 healthy individuals; diabetes mellitus without peripheral neuropathy group (DM group) with 87 patients; and DPN group with 178 cases. American Nicolet Viking IV electromyography was applied to detect nerve conduction velocity; enzyme linked immunosorbent assay was used to determine the levels of anti-GS-IgG-ab, PAI-1, and TNF-α; and immunoturbidimetry was employed to measure CRP levels.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Motor nerve conduction velocity and sensory nerve conduction velocity in the DNC group were significantly lower than in the N and DM groups (all P<0.05). Pairwise comparisons among diabetic peripheral neuropathy clinical (DPNC) levels were statistically significant (P<0.05), and the level of anti-GS-ab was positively correlated with DPNC. There were statistically significant differences in PAI-1, TNF-α, and CRP levels between the DPN group and DM and N groups (both P<0.05). Pairwise comparisons of PAI-1, TNF-α, and CRP levels among DPNC levels showed no statistical significance in volumes (P>0.05), and the concentration of anti-GS-IgM-ab was in significant positive correlated with PAI-1, TNF-α, and CRP levels.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Anti-GS-ab and inflammatory markers such as PAI-1, TNF-α, and CRP were associated with DPN and can be used as important indicators for the prediction and early diagnosis of DPN.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, PR China; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, PR China.
authors.forename: Shengjie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ge
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, PR China.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Wenzhou Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Wenzhou 325000, PR China.
authors.forename: Lequn
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, PR China.
authors.forename: Lijuan
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, PR China.
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, PR China. Electronic address: chengxingbo_bobo@sina.cn.
authors.forename: Xingbo
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, PR China. Electronic address: shenfeixia786@126.com.
authors.forename: Feixia
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Shen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000097:blood*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications / Q000276:immunology; D003929:Diabetic Neuropathies / Q000097:blood* / Q000276:immunology / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D005732:Gangliosides / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009431:Neural Conduction; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 / Q000097:blood; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D001323:Autoantibodies; D015415:Biomarkers; D005732:Gangliosides; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1; C051321:SERPINE1 protein, human; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D002097:C-Reactive Protein
keywords: Anti-GS-ab; C-reactive protein; Diabetic peripheral neuropathy; Diabetic peripheral neuropathy clinical levels; Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1; Tumor necrosis factor-α