title: Cholinesterase inhibitor (Altenuene) from an endophytic fungus Alternaria alternata: optimization, purification and characterization.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to screen endophytic fungi isolated from Vinca rosea for their potential to produce acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Endophytic fungi isolated from V. rosea (Catharanthus roseus), were screened for AChE inhibitor production using Ellman's method. Maximum inhibition against AChE (78%) was observed in an isolate VS-10, identified to be Alternaria alternata on morphological and molecular basis. The isolate also inhibited butyrylcholinesterase (73%). Significant increase (1·3 fold) was achieved after optimization of process parameters using one variable at time approach. The inhibitor was purified using chromatographic techniques. The structure elucidation of the inhibitor was carried out using spectroscopic techniques and was identified to be 'altenuene'. The purified inhibitor possessed antioxidant potential as revealed by dot blot assay. The insecticidal potential of purified inhibitor was evaluated by feeding Spodoptora litura on diet amended with inhibitor. It evinced significant larval mortality.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Endophytic A. alternata can serve as a source of dual cholinesterase inhibitor 'altenuene' with significant antioxidant and insecticidal activity. This is the first report on acetylcholinestearse inhibitory activity of altenuene.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Alternaria alternata has the potential to produce a dual ChE inhibitor with antioxidant activity useful in the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders and in agriculture as biocontrol agent.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bhagat
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kaur
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kaur
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India.
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Yadav
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India. chadhabs@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: B S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Chadha
mesh_terms: D000528:Alternaria / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D030008:Catharanthus / Q000382:microbiology*; D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D002802:Cholinesterases / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D060026:Endophytes / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism; D019476:Insect Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D007306:Insecticides / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D007783:Lactones / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D018411:Spodoptera / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology
chemical_list: D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors; D019476:Insect Proteins; D007306:Insecticides; D007783:Lactones; C040005:altenuene; D002802:Cholinesterases
keywords: Alternaria alternata; Vinca rosea; acetylcholinesterase inhibitor; altenuene; antioxidant; endophytic fungi; insecticidal