title: Simultaneous measurement of etravirine, maraviroc and raltegravir in pigtail macaque plasma, vaginal secretions and vaginal tissue using a LC-MS/MS assay.
abstract: Etravirine (ETR), maraviroc (MVC) and raltegravir (RAL) are promising antiretroviral drugs being used in HIV treatment and may be interesting for prevention applications such as oral or topical pre-exposure prophylaxis. Here we describe a sensitive and accurate method for the simultaneous detection of ETR, MVC and RAL from pigtail macaque plasma, vaginal secretions, and vaginal tissue. This method is characterized by a straightforward precipitation extraction method, a limit of quantification <0.5ngmL(-1) for all three antiretrovirals bolstered by a corresponding internal standard for each drug analyte, and short run time. Quantification is performed using positive ion electrospray triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. This method was validated over clinically relevant ranges for the three ARV drugs in all three matrices: 0.1-100ngmL(-1) for ETR, 0.05-100ngmL(-1) for MVC and 1-100ngmL(-1) for RAL. Our method is accurate and precise, with measured mean inter-assay precision (%CV) and accuracy (% bias) of 5.08% and 1.96%, respectively, while the mean intra-assay precision and accuracy were 3.44% and 1.08%. The overall post-extraction recovery for ETR, MVC and RAL was >94% in all cases. We also show that extracted biological samples are stable after storage at room temperature or 4°C and after three freeze/thaw cycles. This is the first analytical method capable of quantifying ETR, MVC and RAL in biological matrices relevant for pre-clinical testing of oral or topical HIV prevention methods in pigtailed macaques.
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
authors.forename: Anna K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Blakney
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
authors.forename: Yonghou
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Mass Spectrometry Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA. Electronic address: dalewhit@uw.edu.
authors.forename: Dale
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Whittington
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA. Electronic address: woodrow@uw.edu.
authors.forename: Kim A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Woodrow
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000032:analysis*; D012634:Bodily Secretions / Q000737:chemistry; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid / Q000379:methods; D003510:Cyclohexanes / Q000032:analysis*; D005260:Female; D057230:Limit of Detection; D016014:Linear Models; D008254:Macaca nemestrina; D000077592:Maraviroc; D009570:Nitriles; D011724:Pyridazines / Q000032:analysis*; D011743:Pyrimidines; D000068898:Raltegravir Potassium / Q000032:analysis*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods; D014230:Triazoles / Q000032:analysis*; D014621:Vagina / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D003510:Cyclohexanes; D009570:Nitriles; D011724:Pyridazines; D011743:Pyrimidines; D014230:Triazoles; C451734:etravirine; D000068898:Raltegravir Potassium; D000077592:Maraviroc
keywords: Etravirine; Maraviroc; Plasma; Raltegravir; Vaginal secretions; Vaginal tissue