title: Probiotic yeast Saccharomyces boulardii (nom. nud.) modulates adhesive properties of Candida glabrata.
abstract: Following the widespread use of immunosuppressive therapy together with broad-spectrum antimycotic therapy, the frequency of mucosal and systemic infections caused by the pathogenic yeast Candida glabrata has increased in the past decades. Due to the resistance of C. glabrata to existing azole drugs, it is very important to look for new strategies helping the treatment of such fungal diseases. In this study, we investigated the effect of the probiotic yeast Saccharomyces boulardii (nom. nud.) on C. glabrata adhesion at different temperatures, pH values, and in the presence of fluconazole, itraconazole and amphotericin B. We also studied the adhesion of C. glabrata co-culture with Candida krusei, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, two bacterial probiotics Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Lactobacillus casei The method used to assess adhesion was crystal violet staining. Our results showed that despite the nonadhesiveness of S. boulardii cells, this probiotic significantly affected the adherence ability of C. glabrata This effect was highly dependent on C. glabrata strain and was either antagonistic or synergistic. Regarding the extrinsic factors, temperature did not indicate any significant influence on this S. boulardii modulatory effect, while at high pH and at increased concentrations of antimycotics, S. boulardii did not manage to repress the adhesion of C. glabrata strains. The experiments of C. glabrata co-cultures with other species showed that the adhesiveness of two separate cultures could not be used to predict the adhesiveness of their co-culture.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Food Technology, University of Novi Sad, Bulevar cara Lazara 1, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia.
authors.forename: Zorica
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Tomičić
authors.affiliation: Chair of Biotechnology, Microbiology and Food Safety, Department of Food Science and Technology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia (the university in the time of experiments) jure.zupan.si@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Jure
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zupan
authors.affiliation: Institute of microbiology and immunology, Medical faculty, University of Ljubljana, Zaloška 4, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
authors.forename: Tadeja
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Matos
authors.affiliation: Chair of Biotechnology, Microbiology and Food Safety, Department of Food Science and Technology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia (the university in the time of experiments).
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Raspor
mesh_terms: D000666:Amphotericin B / Q000494:pharmacology; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D041221:Candida glabrata / Q000502:physiology*; D002448:Cell Adhesion; D015725:Fluconazole / Q000494:pharmacology; D005840:Gentian Violet / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D017964:Itraconazole / Q000494:pharmacology; D007780:Lacticaseibacillus casei / Q000254:growth & development; D052201:Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus / Q000254:growth & development; D056265:Microbial Interactions; D000069983:Saccharomyces boulardii / Q000502:physiology*; D013194:Staining and Labeling; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents; D017964:Itraconazole; D000666:Amphotericin B; D015725:Fluconazole; D005840:Gentian Violet
keywords: Candida glabrata; Saccharomyces boulardii; adhesion; antimycotics; cell surface hydrophobicity