title: Multicenter Survey of the Effects of Rehabilitation Practices on Pinch Force Strength After Tendon Transfer to Restore Pinch in Tetraplegia.
abstract: To identify key components of conventional therapy after brachioradialis (BR) to flexor pollicis longus (FPL) transfer, a common procedure to restore pinch strength, and evaluate whether any of the key components of therapy were associated with pinch strength outcomes.
  
  
  
  Rehabilitation protocols were surveyed in 7 spinal cord injury (SCI) centers after BR to FPL tendon transfer. Key components of therapy, including duration of immobilization, participation, and date of initiating therapy activities (mobilization, strengthening, muscle reeducation, functional activities, and home exercise), were recorded by the patient's therapist. Pinch outcomes were recorded with identical equipment at 1-year follow-up.
  
  
  
  Seven SCI rehabilitation centers where the BR to FPL surgery is performed on a routine basis.
  
  
  
  Thirty-eight arms from individuals with C5-7 level SCI injury who underwent BR to FPL transfer surgery (N=34).
  
  
  
  Conventional therapy according to established protocol in each center.
  
  
  
  The frequency of specific activities and their time of initiation (relative to surgery) were expressed as means and 95% confidence intervals. Outcome measures included pinch strength and the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM). Spearman rank-order correlations determined significant relations between pinch strength and components of therapy.
  
  
  
  There was similarity in the key components of therapy and in the progression of activities. Early cast removal was associated with pinch force (Spearman ρ=-.40, P=.0269). Pinch force was associated with improved COPM performance (Spearman ρ=.48, P=.0048) and satisfaction (Spearman ρ=.45, P=.0083) scores.
  
  
  
  Initiating therapy early after surgery is beneficial after BR to FPL surgery. Postoperative therapy protocols have the potential to significantly influence the outcome of tendon transfers after tetraplegia.
authors.affiliation: Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA. Electronic address: lisa.johanson29@gmail.com.
authors.forename: M Elise
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Johanson
authors.affiliation: Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA.
authors.forename: Jeffrey P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Jaramillo
authors.affiliation: Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA.
authors.forename: Christine A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Dairaghi
authors.affiliation: Northwestern University, Chicago, IL.
authors.forename: Wendy M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Murray
authors.affiliation: Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA; Department of Surgery, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA.
authors.forename: Vincent R
authors.initials: VR
authors.lastname: Hentz
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000503:physiopathology; D026741:Physical Therapy Modalities; D052581:Pinch Strength / Q000502:physiology*; D011782:Quadriplegia / Q000209:etiology / Q000534:rehabilitation* / Q000601:surgery*; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000150:complications; D013709:Tendon Transfer / Q000379:methods / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D061665:Time-to-Treatment; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Multicenter study; Pinch strength; Quadriplegia; Reconstructive surgical procedures; Rehabilitation; Tendon transfer; Upper extremity