title: Anopheles darlingi polytene chromosomes: revised maps including newly described inversions and evidence for population structure in Manaus.
abstract: Salivary gland polytene chromosomes of 4th instar Anopheles darlingi Root were examined from multiple locations in the Brazilian Amazon. Minor modifications were made to existing polytene photomaps. These included changes to the breakpoint positions of several previously described paracentric inversions and descriptions of four new paracentric inversions, two on the right arm of chromosome 3 and two on the left arm of chromosome 3 that were found in multiple locations. A total of 18 inversions on the X (n = 1) chromosome, chromosome 2 (n = 7) and 3 (n = 11) were scored for 83 individuals from Manaus, Macapá and Porto Velho municipalities. The frequency of 2Ra inversion karyotypes in Manaus shows significant deficiency of heterozygotes (p < 0.0009). No significant linkage disequilibrium was found between inversions on chromosome 2 and 3. We hypothesize that at least two sympatric subpopulations exist within the An. darlingi population at Manaus based on inversion frequencies.
authors.affiliation: Mosquito Control Research Laboratory, Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Anthony J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Cornel
authors.affiliation: Mosquito Control Research Laboratory, Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Katherine K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Brisco
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Malária e Dengue, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, AM, Brasil.
authors.forename: Wanderli P
authors.initials: WP
authors.lastname: Tadei
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Entomologia Médica, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil.
authors.forename: Nágila Fc
authors.initials: NF
authors.lastname: Secundino
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Malária e Dengue, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, AM, Brasil.
authors.forename: Miriam S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Rafael
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Entomologia Médica, Instituto de Pesquisas Científicas e Tecnológicas, Macapá, AP, Brasil.
authors.forename: Allan Kr
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Galardo
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Entomologia, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Porto Velho, RO, Brasil.
authors.forename: Jansen F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Medeiros
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Ecologia de Doenças Infecciosas na Amazônia, Instituto Leônidas & Maria Deane, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Manaus, AM, Brasil.
authors.forename: Felipe Ac
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Pessoa
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Ecologia de Doenças Infecciosas na Amazônia, Instituto Leônidas & Maria Deane, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Manaus, AM, Brasil.
authors.forename: Claudia M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Ríos-Velásquez
authors.affiliation: Vector Genetics Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Yoosook
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Entomologia Médica, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil.
authors.forename: Paulo Fp
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Pimenta
authors.affiliation: Vector Genetics Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Gregory C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Lanzaro
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000852:Anopheles / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics*; D001938:Brazil; D007446:Chromosome Inversion / Q000235:genetics*; D002874:Chromosome Mapping; D007303:Insect Vectors / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics*; D059007:Polytene Chromosomes / Q000235:genetics*; D012469:Salivary Glands