title: The association between ophthalmologic diseases and obstructive sleep apnea: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and ophthalmologic diseases, specifically glaucoma, nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION), retinal vein occlusion (RVO), central serous chorioretinopathy (CSR), and floppy eyelid syndrome (FES), by performing a systematic review and meta-analysis of published studies.
  
  
  METHODS
  PubMed, Embase, and Scopus databases were searched for observational studies on OSA and its association with select ophthalmologic diseases. Data was pooled for random-effects modeling. The association between OSA and ophthalmologic diseases was summarized using an estimated pooled odds ratio with a 95 % confidence interval.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Relative to non-OSA subjects, OSA subjects have increased odds of diagnosis with glaucoma (pooled odds ratio (OR) = 1.242; P < 0.001) and floppy eyelids syndrome (pooled OR = 4.157; P < 0.001). In reverse, the overall pooled OR for OSA was 1.746 (P = 0.002) in the glaucoma group, 3.126 (P = 0.000) in the NAION group, and 2.019 (P = 0.028) in the CSR group. For RVO, one study with 5965 OSA patients and 29,669 controls demonstrated a 1.94-fold odds increase in OSA patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest significant associations between OSA and glaucoma, NAION, CSR, and FES. Screening for OSA should be considered in patients with glaucoma, NAION, CSR, or FES.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.|School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, Taipei, Taiwan.|Division of Sleep Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA, USA.|Division of Sleep Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Leh-Kiong
authors.initials: LK
authors.lastname: Huon
authors.affiliation: Division of Sleep Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Stanley Yung-Chuan
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Division of Sleep Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA, USA.|Division of Sleep Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA, USA.|Division of Sleep Surgery and Medicine, Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tripler Army Medical Center, Honolulu, HI, USA.
authors.forename: Macario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Camacho
authors.affiliation: Division of Sleep Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA, USA. cguil@stanford.edu.|Stanford University Sleep Medicine Division, 450 Broadway Street, MC 5704, Redwood City, CA, 94063, USA. cguil@stanford.edu.
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Guilleminault
mesh_terms: D001763:Blepharoptosis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D056833:Central Serous Chorioretinopathy / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005128:Eye Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005901:Glaucoma / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D016017:Odds Ratio; D018917:Optic Neuropathy, Ischemic / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D012170:Retinal Vein Occlusion / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D020181:Sleep Apnea, Obstructive / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D013223:Statistics as Topic
keywords: Central serous chorioretinopathy; Floppy eyelids; Glaucoma; Nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy; Obstructive sleep apnea