title: Optimal Minimal Panels of Immunohistochemistry for Diagnosis of B-Cell Lymphoma for Application in Countries With Limited Resources and for Triaging Cases Before Referral to Specialist Centers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Establish and validate optimal minimal immunohistochemistry panels for usage in a staged algorithmic manner for precise diagnosis of B-cell lymphomas in countries with limited resources. Suggest short panels of immunostains to be used in referring units that refer suspected lymphomas to specialist diagnostic centers in resourceful countries.
  
  
  METHODS
  Significant proportion of six B-cell lymphomas has characteristic morphology requiring a short panel of confirmatory immunostains. The rest would go through five different algorithms.
  
  
  RESULTS
  812 cases in which a B-cell lymphoma or an HIV-associated lymphoma was suspected on morphological grounds were evaluated. This led to arriving at a specific diagnosis of 799 B-cell lymphomas. A correct diagnosis was achievable in 69% cases with the application of three to five antibodies; others required additional work-up.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The panels/algorithms assist pathologists in practicing lymphoma diagnostics in countries with limited resources and in making lymphoma referrals to specialist centers.
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Histopathology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust & Imperial College, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Maria Giulia
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Disanto
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Biotechnologies, Section of Pathology, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.
authors.forename: Maria Raffaella
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Ambrosio
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Biotechnologies, Section of Pathology, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.
authors.forename: Bruno Jim
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Rocca
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Histopathology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust & Imperial College, London, United Kingdom Department of Histopathology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.
authors.forename: Hazem A H
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Ibrahim
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Biotechnologies, Section of Pathology, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.
authors.forename: Lorenzo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Leoncini
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Histopathology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust & Imperial College, London, United Kingdom k.naresh@imperial.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Kikkeri N
authors.initials: KN
authors.lastname: Naresh
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis*; D003906:Developing Countries; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D016393:Lymphoma, B-Cell / Q000175:diagnosis*
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor
keywords: B-cell lymphoma; Classification; Developing countries; Diagnosis; Immunohistochemistry; Lymphoma