title: In Vivo Self-Powered Wireless Cardiac Monitoring via Implantable Triboelectric Nanogenerator.
abstract: Harvesting biomechanical energy in vivo is an important route in obtaining sustainable electric energy for powering implantable medical devices. Here, we demonstrate an innovative implantable triboelectric nanogenerator (iTENG) for in vivo biomechanical energy harvesting. Driven by the heartbeat of adult swine, the output voltage and the corresponding current were improved by factors of 3.5 and 25, respectively, compared with the reported in vivo output performance of biomechanical energy conversion devices. In addition, the in vivo evaluation of the iTENG was demonstrated for over 72 h of implantation, during which the iTENG generated electricity continuously in the active animal. Due to its excellent in vivo performance, a self-powered wireless transmission system was fabricated for real-time wireless cardiac monitoring. Given its outstanding in vivo output and stability, iTENG can be applied not only to power implantable medical devices but also possibly to fabricate a self-powered, wireless healthcare monitoring system.
authors.affiliation: Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences , National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), Beijing 100083, China.
authors.forename: Qiang
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.affiliation: Institute of Cardiothoracic Surgery at Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University , Shanghai 200433, China.
authors.forename: Hao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences , National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), Beijing 100083, China.
authors.forename: Bojing
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.affiliation: Institute of Cardiothoracic Surgery at Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University , Shanghai 200433, China.
authors.forename: Xiang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Xue
authors.affiliation: School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University , Beijing 100191, China.
authors.forename: Zhuo
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences , National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), Beijing 100083, China.
authors.forename: Yiming
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.affiliation: Institute of Cardiothoracic Surgery at Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University , Shanghai 200433, China.
authors.forename: Ye
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University , Beijing 100191, China.
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zou
authors.affiliation: Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences , National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), Beijing 100083, China.
authors.forename: Xinxin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Cardiothoracic Surgery at Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University , Shanghai 200433, China.
authors.forename: Zhao
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: An
authors.affiliation: Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences , National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), Beijing 100083, China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Cardiothoracic Surgery at Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University , Shanghai 200433, China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Cardiothoracic Surgery at Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University , Shanghai 200433, China.
authors.forename: Fan
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Cardiothoracic Surgery at Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University , Shanghai 200433, China.
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Institute of Cardiothoracic Surgery at Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University , Shanghai 200433, China.
authors.forename: Xilong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Lang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Cardiothoracic Surgery at Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University , Shanghai 200433, China.
authors.forename: Zhiyun
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences , National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), Beijing 100083, China.
authors.forename: Zhou
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences , National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), Beijing 100083, China.|School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0245, United States.
authors.forename: Zhong Lin
authors.initials: ZL
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D011211:Electric Power Supplies; D004560:Electricity; D004562:Electrocardiography; D006321:Heart / Q000502:physiology*; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic; D036103:Nanotechnology; D013552:Swine
keywords: cardiac monitoring; implantable triboelectric nanogenerator; self-powered; wireless