title: Association between markers of endothelial dysfunction and early signs of renal dysfunction in pediatric obesity and type 1 diabetes.
abstract: To evaluate whether circulating markers of endothelial dysfunction, such as intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and myeloperoxidase (MPO), are increased in youth with obesity and in those with type 1 diabetes (T1D) at similar levels, and whether their levels are associated with markers of renal function.
  
  
  
  A total of 60 obese youth [M/F: 30/30, age: 12.5 ± 2.8 yr; body mass index (BMI) z-score: 2.26 ± 0.46], 30 with T1D (M/F: 15/15; age: 12.9 ± 2.4 yr; BMI z-score: 0.45 ± 0.77), and 30 healthy controls (M/F: 15/15, age: 12.4 ± 3.3 yr, BMI z-score: -0.25 ± 0.56) were recruited. Anthropometric measurements were assessed and a blood sample was collected to measure ICAM-1, MPO, creatinine, cystatin C and lipid levels. A 24-h urine collection was obtained for assessing albumin excretion rate (AER).
  
  
  
  Levels of ICAM-1 and MPO were significantly higher in obese [ICAM-1: 0.606 (0.460-1.033) µg/mL; MPO: 136.6 (69.7-220.8) ng/mL] and T1D children [ICAM-1: 0.729 (0.507-0.990) µg/mL; MPO: 139.5 (51.0-321.3) ng/mL] compared with control children [ICAM-1: 0.395 (0.272-0.596) µg/mL MPO: 41.3 (39.7-106.9) ng/mL], whereas no significant difference was found between T1D and obese children. BMI z-score was significantly associated with ICAM-1 (β = 0.21, p = 0.02) and MPO (β = 0.41, p < 0.001). A statistically significant association was also found between ICAM-1 and markers of renal function (AER: β = 0.21, p = 0.03; e-GFR: β = 0.19, p = 0.04), after adjusting for BMI.
  
  
  
  Obese children have increased markers of endothelial dysfunction and early signs of renal damage, similarly to children with T1D, confirming obesity to be a cardiovascular risk factor as T1D. The association between ICAM-1 with e-GFR and AER confirm the known the association between general endothelial and renal dysfunction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatrics, "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti, Italy.|Center of Excellence on Aging, "G. d'Annunzio" University Foundation, Chieti, Italy.
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Marcovecchio
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatrics, "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti, Italy.|Center of Excellence on Aging, "G. d'Annunzio" University Foundation, Chieti, Italy.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: de Giorgis
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatrics, "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti, Italy.|Center of Excellence on Aging, "G. d'Annunzio" University Foundation, Chieti, Italy.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Di Giovanni
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatrics, "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti, Italy.|Center of Excellence on Aging, "G. d'Annunzio" University Foundation, Chieti, Italy.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Chiavaroli
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatrics, "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti, Italy.|Center of Excellence on Aging, "G. d'Annunzio" University Foundation, Chieti, Italy.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Chiarelli
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatrics, "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti, Italy.|Center of Excellence on Aging, "G. d'Annunzio" University Foundation, Chieti, Italy.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mohn
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D002648:Child; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000150:complications*; D003925:Diabetic Angiopathies / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D058065:Diabetic Cardiomyopathies / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D042241:Early Diagnosis; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D006801:Humans; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000097:blood*; D007558:Italy / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D063766:Pediatric Obesity / Q000150:complications*; D051437:Renal Insufficiency / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; C573420:ICAM1 protein, human; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1
keywords: children; intercellular adhesion molecule-1; myeloperoxidase; obesity; type 1 diabetes