title: Quantification of Slackia and Eggerthella spp. in Human Feces and Adhesion of Representatives Strains to Caco-2 Cells.
abstract: Eggerthella and Slackia spp. are gut associated bacteria that have been suggested to play roles in host lipid and xenobiotic metabolism. A quantitative PCR method for the selective enumeration of bacteria belonging to either the genus Eggerthella or Slackia was developed in order to establish the numbers of these bacteria occurring in human feces. The primers developed for selective amplification of these genera were tested first in conventional PCR to test for their specificity. Representative species of Eggerthella and Slackia, as well as closely related genera of the Coriobacteriia, were included in the investigation. The selected primers were shown to be capable of specific amplification of species of the genera Eggerthella and Slackia, but not all species of the genera may be amplified by the respective primers. Their use in qPCR experiments to assess the levels of Slackia equolifaciens and Eggerthella lenta in the feces of 19 human volunteers showed they occurred at mean counts of 7 × 10(5) and 3.1 × 10(5) CFU/g for Eggerthella spp. and Slackia spp., respectively. Electron microscopy investigations showed that while E. lenta cells exhibited slender and very regular shaped rods, Slackia cells showed a remarkably pleomorphic phenotype. Both species did not appear to have fimbriae or pili. Some S. equolifaciens cells showed a characteristic "ribbon" of presumably extracellular material around the cells, particularly at the areas of cell division. The two species also differed markedly in their adhesion behavior to Caco-2 cells in cell culture, as E. lenta DSMZ 15644 showed a high adhesion capacity of 74.2% adherence of the bacterial cells added to Caco-2 cells, while S. equolifaciens DSM 24851(T) on the other hand showed only low adhesion capability, as 6.1% of bacterial cells remained bound. Speculatively, this may imply that the ecological compartments where these bacteria reside in the gut may be different, i.e., E. lenta may be associated more with the gut wall, while Slackia may be free living in the lumen.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Max Rubner-Institut, Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food Kiel, Germany.
authors.forename: Gyu-Sung
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.affiliation: Department of Safety and Quality of Fruit and Vegetables, Max Rubner-Institut, Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food Karlsruhe, Germany.
authors.forename: Felix
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ritzmann
authors.affiliation: Department of Safety and Quality of Fruit and Vegetables, Max Rubner-Institut, Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food Karlsruhe, Germany.
authors.forename: Marie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Eckstein
authors.affiliation: Department of Safety and Quality of Fruit and Vegetables, Max Rubner-Institut, Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food Karlsruhe, Germany.
authors.forename: Melanie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Huch
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Biochemistry of Nutrition, Max Rubner-Institut, Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food Karlsruhe, Germany.
authors.forename: Karlis
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Briviba
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Technology and Bioprocess Engineering, Max Rubner-Institut, Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food Karlsruhe, Germany.
authors.forename: Diana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Behsnilian
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Max Rubner-Institut, Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food Kiel, Germany.
authors.forename: Horst
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Neve
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Max Rubner-Institut, Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food Kiel, Germany.
authors.forename: Charles M A P
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Franz
keywords: adherence; cell culture; coriobacteria; gastrointestinal; microbiota