title: Corrigendum to "Undisturbed dust as a metric of long-term indoor insecticide exposure: Residential DDT contamination from indoor residual spraying and its association with serum levels in the VHEMBE cohort" [Environ. Int. 85C (2015) 163-167].
abstract: Although approximately 123 million people may be exposed to high levels of insecticides through the use of indoor residual spraying (IRS) for malaria control, few studies exist on indoor insecticide contamination due to IRS and its relationship with human exposure. In the present study, we developed a sampling method to collect undisturbed dust from 50 homes in Limpopo, South Africa, a region where dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) has been used in IRS programs to prevent malaria for ~70years. We quantified DDT and its degradation products, dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE), and dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane (DDD) in dust samples to determine dust loading levels and compared these levels to paired serum concentrations of p,p'-DDT and p,p'-DDE in women residents. p,p'-DDT and p,p'-DDE had the highest detection frequencies in both dust (58% and 34% detection, respectively) and serum samples (100% detection). Significantly higher detection frequencies for o,p'-DDT, p,p'-DDE, and p,p'-DDD were observed in dust samples collected in buildings that had been previously sprayed for malaria control. We also observed a significant, positive association between dust loading and serum concentrations of p,p'-DDT and p,p'-DDE (Spearman's rho=0.68 and 0.54, respectively). Despite the low detection frequency in dust, our results indicate that undisturbed dust may be a good metric to quantify long-term home exposure to DDT-related compounds and that contamination of the home environment may be an important determinant/source of DDT and DDE exposure.
authors.affiliation: Center for Environmental Research and Children's Health (CERCH), School of Public Health, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA. Electronic address: fgaspar@berkeley.edu.
authors.forename: Fraser W
authors.initials: FW
authors.lastname: Gaspar
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
authors.forename: Jonathan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chevrier
authors.affiliation: School of Health Systems and Public Health, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; University of Pretoria Centre for Sustainable Malaria Control, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.
authors.forename: Riana
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bornman
authors.affiliation: University of Pretoria Centre for Sustainable Malaria Control, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.
authors.forename: Madelein
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Crause
authors.affiliation: University of Pretoria Centre for Sustainable Malaria Control, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.
authors.forename: Muvhulawa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Obida
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
authors.forename: Dana Boyd
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Barr
authors.affiliation: Center for Environmental Research and Children's Health (CERCH), School of Public Health, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Asa
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bradman
authors.affiliation: Research Unit: Environmental Sciences and Development, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa.
authors.forename: Henk
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bouwman
authors.affiliation: Center for Environmental Research and Children's Health (CERCH), School of Public Health, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Brenda
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Eskenazi