title: Racial and Ethnic Disparities in the Incidence, Treatment, and Outcomes of Youth with Type 1 Diabetes.
abstract: Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is the third most common chronic childhood disease in the United States. As more Hispanic and non-Hispanic black children are diagnosed with T1DM, racial and ethnic disparities in the treatment and outcomes of T1DM are increasing. This article reviews the increasing incidence and prevalence of T1DM in non-Hispanic white, non-Hispanic black, and Hispanic children. In addition, the racial and ethnic disparities in diabetes treatment, such as blood glucose monitoring, insulin therapy, and continuous glucose monitoring, and outcomes, including glycemic control, diabetic ketoacidosis, severe hypoglycemia, retinopathy, nephropathy, neuropathy, and diabetes-related mortality, are highlighted.
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 34th and Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
authors.forename: Juan J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Lado
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 34th and Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. Electronic address: lipman@nursing.upenn.edu.
authors.forename: Terri H
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Lipman
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001741:Black or African American; D001786:Blood Glucose; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000628:therapy*; D054624:Health Status Disparities; D006630:Hispanic or Latino; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007328:Insulin; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014481:United States; D044465:White People
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D007328:Insulin
keywords: Children; Disparities; Incidence; Outcomes; Treatment; Type 1 diabetes