title: An analysis of the origin of an early medieval group of individuals from Gródek based on the analysis of stable oxygen isotopes.
abstract: In the early Middle Ages, the region of the Cherven Towns, which is now located on both sides of the Polish-Ukrainian border, was fiercely contested by Slavs in the process of forming their early states. The main objective of the present study was to investigate the homogeneity of an early medieval population uncovered in that region, in the town of Gródek on the Bug River, by screening for non-local individuals. The origin of the studied skeletons was ascertained using analysis of oxygen isotopes in the phosphates isolated from bone tissue. In this paper, the isotope ratios obtained for samples collected from 62 human skeletons were compared to the background δ(18)O (in precipitation water) from the regions of Kraków (south-eastern Poland), Lviv (western Ukraine), Brest (western Belarus), and Gródek, as well as to the ratios determined for the animals coexisting with the studied population. Proportions of oxygen isotopes obtained for all the studied individuals were found to be similar to those for the precipitation water and animals, which indicates the absence of bone fragments of individuals originating in other regions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anthropology, Institute of Zoology, Jagiellonian University, ul. Gronostajowa 9, 30-387 Kraków, Poland.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lisowska-Gaczorek
authors.affiliation: Polish Academy of Sciences, Anthropology Unit in Wrocław, ul. Podwale 75, 50-449 Wrocław, Poland. Electronic address: skoziel@antropologia.pan.pl.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kozieł
authors.affiliation: Department of Anthropology, Institute of Zoology, Jagiellonian University, ul. Gronostajowa 9, 30-387 Kraków, Poland.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Cienkosz-Stepańczak
authors.affiliation: Department of Anthropology, Institute of Zoology, Jagiellonian University, ul. Gronostajowa 9, 30-387 Kraków, Poland.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mądrzyk
authors.affiliation: Department of Radioisotopes, Institute of Physics, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pawlyta
authors.affiliation: Polish Academy of Sciences, Anthropology Unit in Wrocław, ul. Podwale 75, 50-449 Wrocław, Poland.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gronkiewicz
authors.affiliation: Institute of Archaeology, University of Rzeszów, ul. Moniuszki 10, 35-015 Rzeszów, Poland; Leipzig Centre for the History and Culture of East Central Europe, Reichsstr. 4-6, 04-109 Leipzig, Germany.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wołoszyn
authors.affiliation: Department of Anthropology, Institute of Zoology, Jagiellonian University, ul. Gronostajowa 9, 30-387 Kraków, Poland.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Szostek
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000737:chemistry*; D005260:Female; D005580:Fossils; D049691:History, Medieval; D063426:Human Migration / Q000266:history; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010103:Oxygen Isotopes / Q000032:analysis*; D011044:Poland; D002094:Republic of Belarus; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D014455:Ukraine
chemical_list: D010103:Oxygen Isotopes