title: Evaluating Persistent Postoperative Pain in One Tertiary Hospital: Incidence, Quality of Life, Associated Factors, and Treatment.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Persistent postoperative pain (PPP) is defined as persistent pain after surgery of greater than three months' duration.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Identify the incidence of PPP in our hospital and its associated factors; evaluate quality of life (QoL) and treatment of patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted an observational prospective study in adults proposed to various types of surgery using the brief pain inventory short form preoperatively (T0), one day after surgery, and three months later (T3). If the patient had pain at T3 and other causes of pain were excluded, they were considered to have PPP, and the McGill Pain Questionnaire Short Form was applied. QoL was measured with the EuroQol 5-dimension questionnaire (EQ-5D).
  
  
  RESULTS
  One hundred seventy-five patients completed the study. The incidence of PPP was 28%, and the affected patients presented lower QoL. The majority referred to a moderate to severe level of interference in their general activity. Cholecystectomies were less associated with PPP, and total knee/hip replacements were more associated with it. Preoperative pain, preoperative benzodiazepines or antidepressants, and more severe acute postoperative pain were associated with the development of PPP. Half of the patients with PPP were under treatment, and they refer a mean symptomatic relief of 69%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study, apart from attempting to better characterize the problem of PPP, emphasizes the lack of its treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Centro Hospitalar Sao Joao, Alameda Professor Hernani Monteiro, Oporto, Portugal.
authors.forename: Luis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Guimaraes-Pereira
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Centro Hospitalar Sao Joao, Alameda Professor Hernani Monteiro, Oporto, Portugal.
authors.forename: Ines
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Valdoleiros
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Centro Hospitalar Sao Joao, Alameda Professor Hernani Monteiro, Oporto, Portugal.
authors.forename: Pedro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Reis
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Centro Hospitalar Sao Joao, Alameda Professor Hernani Monteiro, Oporto, Portugal; Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Alameda Professor Hernani Monteiro, University of Porto, Oporto, Portugal.
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Abelha
keywords: Chronic Pain; Postoperative Pain; Quality of Life