title: The effects of delivery type and gender on intraocular pressure and central corneal thickness in newborns.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To analyze intraocular pressure (IOP) and central corneal thickness (CCT) in newborns during the first 12 h of life.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-three newborns born by vaginal delivery (VD) and 30 newborns born by cesarean section (CS) were evaluated. IOP and CCT were measured using Tono-Pen and handheld pachymeter, respectively, at both the 5th minute after delivery and at the 12th h of life.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean IOP for the VD group was significantly higher than that of the CS group at both the 5th minute and 12th h (p =0.042 and p =0.018, respectively). In both groups, the IOP decreased by the 12th h, but the decrease was only significant for the CS group (p =0.020). The decrease in CCT over the 12 h was significant for both groups (p <0.001). In the VD and CS groups, the IOP values of the males were significantly higher than those of the females at the fifth minute only (p =0.024 and p =0.043, respectively). No other values were significantly different between the genders.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Newborn IOP is affected by the mode of delivery and gender. A higher IOP was found in vaginally delivered newborns than in CS newborns for at least 12 h postpartum. CCT showed a significant decline within 12 h. Male newborns have significantly higher IOP values in the first minutes of life.
authors.affiliation: Ophthalmology Department, Dicle University of Medicine, Diyarbakir, Turkey.
authors.forename: Zeynep Gursel
authors.initials: ZG
authors.lastname: Ozkurt
authors.affiliation: Diyarbakir Education and Research Hospital, Diyarbakir, Turkey.
authors.forename: Selahattin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Balsak
authors.affiliation: Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Diyarbakir Women's and Children's Diseases Hospital, Diyarbakir, Turkey.
authors.forename: Berrin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Balsak
authors.affiliation: Ophthalmology Department, Trakya University of Medicine, Edirne, Turkey.
authors.forename: Hande
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Guclu
authors.affiliation: Ophthalmology Department, Dicle University of Medicine, Diyarbakir, Turkey.
authors.forename: Muhammed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sahın
authors.affiliation: Ophthalmology Department, Dicle University of Medicine, Diyarbakir, Turkey.
authors.forename: Harun
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yuksel
authors.affiliation: Ophthalmology Department, Dicle University of Medicine, Diyarbakir, Turkey.
authors.forename: Fatih M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Turkcu
mesh_terms: D002585:Cesarean Section / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D003315:Cornea / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D036861:Delivery, Obstetric / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007429:Intraocular Pressure / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D011247:Pregnancy; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012737:Sex Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D014065:Tonometry, Ocular / Q000379:methods