title: Childhood Sexual Violence Against Boys: A Study in 3 Countries.
abstract: Globally, little evidence exists on sexual violence against boys. We sought to produce the first internationally comparable estimates of the magnitude, characteristics, risk factors, and consequences of sexual violence against boys in 3 diverse countries.
  
  
  
  We conducted nationally representative, multistage cluster Violence Against Children Surveys in Haiti, Kenya, and Cambodia among males aged 13 to 24 years. Differences between countries for boys experiencing sexual violence (including sexual touching, attempted sex, and forced/coerced sex) before age 18 years were examined by using χ(2) and logistic regression analyses.
  
  
  
  In Haiti, Kenya, and Cambodia, respectively, 1459, 1456, and 1255 males completed surveys. The prevalence of experiencing any form of sexual violence ranged from 23.1% (95% confidence Interval [CI]: 20.0-26.2) in Haiti to 14.8% (95% CI: 12.0-17.7) in Kenya, and 5.6% (95% CI: 4.0-7.2) in Cambodia. The largest share of perpetrators in Haiti, Kenya, and Cambodia, respectively, were friends/neighbors (64.7%), romantic partners (37.2%), and relatives (37.0%). Most episodes occurred inside perpetrators' or victims' homes in Haiti (60.4%), contrasted with outside the home in Kenya (65.3%) and Cambodia (52.1%). The most common time period for violence in Haiti, Kenya, and Cambodia was the afternoon (55.0%), evening (41.3%), and morning (38.2%), respectively. Adverse health effects associated with violence were common, including increased odds of transactional sex, alcohol abuse, sexually transmitted infections, anxiety/depression, suicidal ideation/attempts, and violent gender attitudes.
  
  
  
  Differences were noted between countries in the prevalence, characteristics, and risk factors of sexual violence, yet associations with adverse health effects were pervasive. Prevention strategies tailored to individual locales are needed.
authors.affiliation: Epidemic Intelligence Service, Division of Violence Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, and hvo5@cdc.gov.
authors.forename: Steven A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Sumner
authors.affiliation: Division of Violence Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, and.
authors.forename: James A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Mercy
authors.affiliation: Kenya National Bureau of Statistics, Nairobi, Kenya;
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Buluma
authors.affiliation: Division of Global HIV/AIDS, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Nairobi, Kenya;
authors.forename: Mary W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Mwangi
authors.affiliation: Interuniversity Institute for Research and Development, Port-au-Prince, Haiti; Department of Anthropology and Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami, Miami, Florida; and.
authors.forename: Louis H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Marcelin
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Statistics, Cambodia Ministry of Planning, Phnom Penh, Cambodia.
authors.forename: They
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kheam
authors.affiliation: Division of Violence Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, and.
authors.forename: Veronica
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Lea
authors.affiliation: Division of Sexually Transmitted Disease Prevention, National Center For HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia;
authors.forename: Kathryn
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Brookmeyer
authors.affiliation: Division of Violence Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, and.
authors.forename: Howard
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kress
authors.affiliation: Division of Violence Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, and.
authors.forename: Susan D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Hillis
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000437:Alcoholism / Q000523:psychology; D001007:Anxiety / Q000523:psychology; D001290:Attitude; D002160:Cambodia / Q000453:epidemiology; D002650:Child Abuse, Sexual / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D003863:Depression / Q000523:psychology; D006205:Haiti / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D007630:Kenya / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D013179:Spouse Abuse / Q000523:psychology; D059020:Suicidal Ideation; D055815:Young Adult