title: Needle-free jet injection of hyaluronic acid improves skin remodeling in a mouse model.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to improve methods of jet injection using a mouse model. We investigated the mechanism of action, efficacy, and safety of the pneumatic device using injection of hyaluronic acid (HA) solution into a mouse model.
  
  
  METHODS
  We evaluated the efficacy and safety of an INNOJECTOR™ pneumatic device that pneumatically accelerates a jet of HA solution under high pressure into the dermis of mouse skin. We examined the treatment effects using skin hybrid model jet dispersion experiments, photographic images, microscopy, and histological analyses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Use of the INNOJECTOR™ successfully increased dermal thickness and collagen synthesis in our mouse model. Jet dispersion experiments were performed using agarose gels and a polyacrylamide gel model to understand the dependence of jet penetration on jet power. The mechanisms by which pneumatic injection using HA solution exerts its effects may involve increased dermal thickening, triggering of a wound healing process, and activation of vimentin and collagen synthesis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Collagen synthesis and increased dermal thickening were successfully achieved in our mouse model using the INNOJECTOR™. Pneumatic injection of HA under high pressure provides a safe and effective method for improving the appearance of mouse skin. Our findings indicate that use of the INNOJECTOR™ may induce efficient collagen remodeling with subsequent marked dermal layer thickening by targeting vimentin.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Graduate School, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Dermatology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Tae-Rin
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Graduate School, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Dermatology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Joon
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Seok
authors.affiliation: Medical Beauty Research Institute, Amorepacific Co., R&D Center, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea.
authors.forename: Ji-Hye
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Jang
authors.affiliation: Medical Beauty Research Institute, Amorepacific Co., R&D Center, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea.
authors.forename: Min Kyung
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Graduate School, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Dermatology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Chang Taek
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Eun Ja
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Medical IT Convergence Research Center, Korea Electronics Technology Institute, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea.
authors.forename: Hyuck Ki
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.affiliation: Medical IT Convergence Research Center, Korea Electronics Technology Institute, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea.
authors.forename: Yeon Shik
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Medical Beauty Research Institute, Amorepacific Co., R&D Center, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea.
authors.forename: Joonho
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bae
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Graduate School, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Dermatology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea. Electronic address: beomjoon@unitel.co.kr.
authors.forename: Beom Joon
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D051379:Mice; D008812:Mice, Hairless; D023421:Models, Animal; D009339:Needles; D012867:Skin / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D014746:Vimentin / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D014746:Vimentin; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid
keywords: Needle free injection; Skin regeneration; Vimentin