title: Run-on of germline apoptosis promotes gonad senescence in C. elegans.
abstract: Aging (senescence) includes causal mechanisms (etiologies) of late-life disease, which remain poorly understood. According to the recently proposed hyperfunction theory, based on the older theory of antagonistic pleiotropy, senescent pathologies can arise from futile, post-reproductive run-on of processes that in early life promote fitness. Here we apply this idea to investigate the etiology of senescent pathologies in the reproductive system of Caenorhabditis elegans hermaphrodites, particularly distal gonad degeneration and disintegration. Hermaphrodite germ cells frequently undergo "physiological" (non-damage-induced) apoptosis (PA) to provision growing oocytes. Run-on of such PA is a potential cause of age-related gonad degeneration. We document the continuation of germline apoptosis in later life, and report that genetically blocking or increasing PA retards or accelerates degeneration, respectively. In wild-type males, which lack germ line apoptosis, gonad disintegration does not occur. However, mutational induction of PA in males does not lead to gonad disintegration. These results suggest that as germ-cell proliferation rate declines markedly in aging hermaphrodites (but not males), run-on of PA becomes a pathogenic mechanism that promotes gonad degeneration. This illustrates how hyperfunction, or non-adaptive run-on in later life of a process that promotes fitness in early life, can promote atrophic senescent pathology in C. elegans.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Healthy Ageing, and Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, UK.
authors.forename: Yila
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: de la Guardia
authors.affiliation: Institute of Healthy Ageing, and Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, UK.
authors.forename: Ann F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Gilliat
authors.affiliation: Institute of Healthy Ageing, and Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, UK.
authors.forename: Josephine
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hellberg
authors.affiliation: Institute of Healthy Ageing, and Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, UK.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rennert
authors.affiliation: Department of Structural and Molecular Biology, University College London, London, UK.
authors.forename: Filipe
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Cabreiro
authors.affiliation: Institute of Healthy Ageing, and Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, UK.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gems
mesh_terms: D000375:Aging; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D017173:Caenorhabditis elegans / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000502:physiology*; D029742:Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D016922:Cellular Senescence; D005854:Germ Cells / Q000378:metabolism*; D006066:Gonads / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D009154:Mutation; D009865:Oocytes / Q000166:cytology; D034622:RNA Interference; D011972:Receptor, Insulin / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: D029742:Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins; C107483:DAF-2 protein, C elegans; D011972:Receptor, Insulin
keywords: C. elegans; Gerotarget; apoptosis; hyperfunction; pathology; senescence