title: Characterisation of phenolic antioxidants in Scabiosa arenaria flowers by LC-ESI-MS/MS and NMR.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This work describes the bioguided fractionation of the flower's ethyl acetate fraction of Scabiosa arenaria Forssk. (Dipsacaceae).
  
  
  METHODS
  The identification of the pure compound isolated has been studied by mono-dimensional NMR experiments. The mixture of phenolic compounds was analysed by LC-ESI-MS/MS. The antioxidant activity has been evaluated by the 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The bioguided fractionation of the flower's ethyl acetate fraction of Scabiosa arenaria led to the isolation of a pure compound: luteolin. The mixture of three phenolic compounds was identified as: 1, 4-O-dicaffeoylquinic acid, apigenin 7-O-glucoside and luteolin-7-O-glucoside. Two of which are reported here for the first time in Scabiosa genus. Luteolin had the highest antioxidant activity with an IC50 value of 0.02 ± 0.007 mg/ml, followed by the three phenolic compounds with an IC50 value of 0.025 ± 0.008 mg/ml.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of the present work indicate that S. arenaria flower's ethyl acetate extract could be used as natural antioxidant agents in food preservation and human health.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Transmissible Diseases and Biological Active Substances, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia.
authors.forename: Malek Besbes
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Hlila
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Bioresources: Integrative Biology and exploiting, Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia.
authors.forename: Habib
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mosbah
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Monastir University, Monastir, Tunisia.
authors.forename: Nahla
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Zanina
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Heterocyclic Chemistry, Natural Products and Reactivity, Team: Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Products, Faculty of Sciences of Monastir, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia.
authors.forename: Aymen
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ben Nejma
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Heterocyclic Chemistry, Natural Products and Reactivity, Team: Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Products, Faculty of Sciences of Monastir, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia.
authors.forename: Hichem
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ben Jannet
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Transmissible Diseases and Biological Active Substances, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia.
authors.forename: Mahjoub
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Aouni
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Bioresources: Integrative Biology and exploiting, Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia.
authors.forename: Boulbaba
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Selmi
mesh_terms: D000085:Acetates / Q000737:chemistry; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology; D047310:Apigenin / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D002109:Caffeic Acids / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid; D049917:Dipsacaceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D047309:Flavones / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D035264:Flowers / Q000737:chemistry*; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000378:metabolism; D005960:Glucosides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D047311:Luteolin / Q000302:isolation & purification; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D010636:Phenols / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D010936:Plant Extracts; D011801:Quinic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry
chemical_list: D000085:Acetates; D000975:Antioxidants; D002109:Caffeic Acids; D047309:Flavones; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D005960:Glucosides; D010636:Phenols; D010936:Plant Extracts; D011801:Quinic Acid; C007650:ethyl acetate; C057792:apigetrin; D047310:Apigenin; C066408:luteolin-7-glucoside; D047311:Luteolin
keywords: 1,4-O-dicaffeoylquinic acid; DPPH; Scabiosa arenaria; apigenin 7-O-glucoside; luteolin-7-O-glucoside