title: Mental health services costs within the Alberta criminal justice system.
abstract: Mental illness has been widely cited as a driver of costs in the criminal justice system.
  
  
  
  The objective of this paper is to estimate the additional mental health service costs incurred within the criminal justice system that are incurred because of people with mental illnesses who go through the system. Our focus is on costs in Alberta.
  
  
  
  We set up a model of the flow of all persons through the criminal justice system, including police, court, and corrections components, and for mental health diversion, review, and forensic services. We estimate the transitional probabilities and costs that accrue as persons who have been charged move through the system. Costs are estimated for the Alberta criminal justice system as a whole, and for the mental illness component.
  
  
  
  Public expenditures for each person diverted or charged in Alberta in the criminal justice system, including mental health costs, were $16,138. The 95% range of this estimate was from $14,530 to $19,580. Of these costs, 87% were for criminal justice services and 13% were for mental illness-related services. Hospitalization for people with mental illness who were reviewed represented the greatest additional cost associated with mental illnesses.
  
  
  
  Treatment costs stemming from mental illnesses directly add about 13% onto those in the criminal justice system.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. Electronic address: pjacobs@ihe.ca.
authors.forename: Philip
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Jacobs
authors.affiliation: Ontario Renal Network, Toronto, Ontario.
authors.forename: Jessica
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Moffatt
authors.affiliation: Centre for Addiction and Mental Health and Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Carolyn S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Dewa
authors.affiliation: Ontario Renal Network, Toronto, Ontario.
authors.forename: Thanh
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.affiliation: Canada Department of Transport, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Ting
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
authors.forename: Alain
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lesage
mesh_terms: D000416:Alberta; D003134:Commitment of Persons with Psychiatric Disorders / Q000191:economics; D003365:Costs and Cost Analysis; D003416:Criminal Law / Q000191:economics*; D017048:Health Care Costs / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D008605:Mental Health Services / Q000191:economics*
keywords: Canada; Costs; Criminal justice; Mental health