title: The Hayling Test: Development and Normalization of the Spanish Version.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The Hayling Sentence Completion Test evaluates the ability to inhibit an automatic response. It has also been suggested for the assessment of orbitofrontal cortex function. The aim of the study was to develop a Spanish version of the Hayling test and to obtain normative data.
  
  
  METHODS
  Responses to 60 sentences from 50 healthy controls were used to develop the task. Additionally, 185 healthy controls aged between 18 and 99 years were examined with the test in order to obtain normative data. The overlapping interval strategy was used to maximize the sample size. Age- and education-adjusted scores were obtained using linear regression analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Age and educational level had a significant effect on the different scores. Good internal reliability and inter-rater variability were observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We provide normative data adjusted for age and education. Our results enable the use of this test for clinical and research purposes in the field of neuropsychological assessment.
authors.affiliation: Hospital Clínico San Carlos, San Carlos Institute for Health Research (IdISSC), Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid 28040, Spain.
authors.forename: Alicia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pérez-Pérez
authors.affiliation: Hospital Clínico San Carlos, San Carlos Institute for Health Research (IdISSC), Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid 28040, Spain jordimatiasguiu@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Jordi A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Matias-Guiu
authors.affiliation: Neurofunctionality of Brain and Language Group, PRBB Building Parc de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona, Barcelona 08003, Spain.
authors.forename: Iris
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Cáceres-Guillén
authors.affiliation: Hospital Clínico San Carlos, San Carlos Institute for Health Research (IdISSC), Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid 28040, Spain.
authors.forename: Teresa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Rognoni
authors.affiliation: Hospital Clínico San Carlos, San Carlos Institute for Health Research (IdISSC), Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid 28040, Spain.
authors.forename: María
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Valles-Salgado
authors.affiliation: Hospital Clínico San Carlos, San Carlos Institute for Health Research (IdISSC), Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid 28040, Spain.
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fernández-Matarrubia
authors.affiliation: Hospital Clínico San Carlos, San Carlos Institute for Health Research (IdISSC), Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid 28040, Spain.
authors.forename: Teresa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Moreno-Ramos
authors.affiliation: Hospital Clínico San Carlos, San Carlos Institute for Health Research (IdISSC), Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid 28040, Spain.
authors.forename: Jorge
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Matías-Guiu
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D064368:Healthy Volunteers; D006801:Humans; D007266:Inhibition, Psychological; D007806:Language Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D011594:Psychometrics; D012016:Reference Values; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013030:Spain; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Hayling test; executive function; neuropsychological assessment; normative data; verbal suppression