title: Three-year visual outcomes of intravitreal ranibizumab with or without photodynamic therapy for polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare 3-year visual outcomes after intravitreal ranibizumab (IVR) monotherapy and combination therapy of photodynamic therapy (PDT) with IVR for polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV).
  
  
  METHODS
  Medical records for 45 eyes in 45 patients (34 men, 11 women; mean age, 73.8 years old; range, 62-86 years old) with treatment-naïve PCV were reviewed retrospectively. Of the 45 eyes, 20 were treated with IVR monotherapy and 25 with combination therapy. Mean change in best-corrected visual acuity, numbers of injections of IVR and length of treatment-free period from baseline at month 36 were observed. Adverse events were monitored.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The change in visual acuity after combination therapy was significantly better than that after IVR monotherapy (p = 0.0399). At 36 months, improvement in visual acuity was seen in five eyes (25.0%) in the IVR monotherapy group and 13 eyes (52.0%) in the combination therapy group. The treatment-free period was significantly longer in the combination therapy group (p = 0.0008). Additional IVR therapy was required significantly more frequently in the IVR monotherapy group (p = 0.0026). Post-treatment subretinal haemorrhage or retinal pigment epithelium tear occurred only in the IVR monotherapy group, in one eye (5.0%) and one eye (5.0%), respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Initial therapy consisting of a single session of PDT combined with IVR improves vision in treatment-naïve PCV. Compared with IVR monotherapy, this combination therapy may be more effective for PCV.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Tsutomu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sakai
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Kiichiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Okano
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Hideo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kohno
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tsuneoka
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D020256:Choroidal Neovascularization / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D004396:Coloring Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D005260:Female; D005451:Fluorescein Angiography; D006801:Humans; D007208:Indocyanine Green / Q000008:administration & dosage; D058449:Intravitreal Injections; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010778:Photochemotherapy; D011127:Polyps / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D000069579:Ranibizumab / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D041623:Tomography, Optical Coherence; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D014792:Visual Acuity / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors; D004396:Coloring Agents; C467484:VEGFA protein, human; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D007208:Indocyanine Green; D000069579:Ranibizumab
keywords: VEGF; photodynamic therapy; polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy; ranibizumab