title: Interest of vestibular evaluation in sequentially implanted children: Preliminary results.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  An early acquired or congenital absence of sensory input of the vestibule will lead to severe delayed posturomotor milestones. Previous studies have proven modifications and even complete ipsilateral loss of vestibular function after unilateral cochlear implantation. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether sequential cochlear implantation has an impact on vestibular function.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective study from January 2012 to January 2015 including 26 patients. The first stage consisted of determining the vestibular status of 26 hearing impaired children who were candidates for a second cochlear implant. Three months after contralateral implantation, we reevaluated the vestibular function of the same patients. The vestibular evaluation consisted of multiple tests for canal and otolith function. A complete clinical vestibular evaluation was performed, including the head thrust test. This was followed by an instrumental assessment composed of the classic bicaloric test and vestibular evoked myogenic potentials testing with tone bursts.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A high prevalence of vestibular dysfunction (69%) was found in our group of unilaterally implanted children. Three patients had a unique functional vestibule at the not yet implanted ear. Vestibular evoked myogenic potentials responses stayed present in 15 of the 19 patients with a VEMP-response before contralateral implantation. Results of the caloric test changed for 6 patients after contralateral implantation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  After contralateral implantation, 37% of our patients manifested modifications of their vestibular status. Intrasubject comparison of bicaloric and vestibular evoked myogenic potentials testing before and after contralateral cochlear implantation showed that canal function was better preserved than saccular function. Seeing the high prevalence of vestibular dysfunction in our test group of unilateral implanted children, sequential implantation must be preceded by a vestibular assessment to prevent complete bilateral vestibular areflexia and its potential consequences. Presence of hyporeflexia at the yet-to-be implanted ear seems to be a situation particularly at risk.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Hôpital Universitaire des Enfants Reine Fabiola, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Bruxelles, Belgium. Electronic address: benoit.devroede@huderf.be.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Devroede
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Hôpital Universitaire des Enfants Reine Fabiola, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Bruxelles, Belgium.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Pauwels
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Hôpital Universitaire des Enfants Reine Fabiola, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Bruxelles, Belgium.
authors.forename: S-D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Le Bon
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Hôpital Universitaire des Enfants Reine Fabiola, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Bruxelles, Belgium.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Monstrey
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Hôpital Universitaire des Enfants Reine Fabiola, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Bruxelles, Belgium.
authors.forename: A-L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Mansbach
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D019929:Cochlear Implantation; D003054:Cochlear Implants; D003638:Deafness / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015837:Vestibular Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy; D058585:Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potentials; D014724:Vestibular Function Tests
keywords: Caloric test; Cochlear implant; Pediatric; VEMP's; Vestibular function