title: Identification of Avian Paramyxovirus Serotype-1 in Wild Birds in the USA.
abstract: In the US, sampling for avian paramyxovirus serotype-1 (APMV-1) is generally conducted when morbidity or mortality events occur involving certain families of wild birds known to be affected by the virus, such as cormorants (Family Phalacrocoracidae), pigeons, doves (Family Columbidae), or pelicans (Family Pelecanidae). To quantify the prevalence of APMV-1 in apparently healthy wild birds and to determine its geographic distribution, we collected swab and serum samples from >3,500 wild birds, representing eight orders from 1 January 2013 to 30 September 2013. Antibody prevalence was highest in wild birds of Order Suliformes (44.9%), followed by Pelecaniformes (24.4%), Anseriformes (22.7%), and Columbiformes (11.7%), with a relatively high occurrence of virulent viruses in Columbiformes (100% of virulent viruses isolated). As expected, viral shedding was comparatively much lower, and positives were only identified in Orders Accipitriformes (1.4%), Columbiformes (1.0%), Anseriformes (0.8%), and Charadriiformes (0.4%). We also demonstrate circulating virulent APMV-1 viruses of genotype VI in apparently healthy Rock Pigeons ( Columba livia ) from March through September in three states.
authors.affiliation: 1 US Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, 4101 LaPorte Avenue, Fort Collins, Colorado 80521, USA;
authors.forename: Kerri
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Pedersen
authors.affiliation: 2 US Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, 2803 Jolly Road, Suite 100, Okemos, Michigan 48864, USA;
authors.forename: David R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Marks
authors.affiliation: 3 US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, 934 College Station Road, Athens, Georgia 30605, USA;
authors.forename: Claudio L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Afonso
authors.affiliation: 4 Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, US Department of Agriculture, 9134 Blackeagle Drive, Boise, Idaho 83709, USA;
authors.forename: Scott R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Stopak
authors.affiliation: 3 US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, 934 College Station Road, Athens, Georgia 30605, USA;
authors.forename: Dawn
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Williams-Coplin
authors.affiliation: 3 US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, 934 College Station Road, Athens, Georgia 30605, USA;
authors.forename: Kiril M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Dimitrov
authors.affiliation: 3 US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, 934 College Station Road, Athens, Georgia 30605, USA;
authors.forename: Patti J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.affiliation: 5 US Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Research Center, 4101 LaPorte Avenue, Fort Collins, Colorado 80521, USA;
authors.forename: Thomas J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: DeLiberto
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000835:Animals, Wild; D001717:Birds / Q000821:virology*; D009521:Newcastle Disease / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology*; D009522:Newcastle disease virus / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology
keywords: Avian paramxyovirus serotype-1; Newcastle disease; Newcastle disease virus; pigeon paramyxovirus serotype-1; wild birds