title: Regulation of urinary crystal inhibiting proteins and inflammatory genes by lemon peel extract and formulated citrus bioflavonoids on ethylene glycol induced urolithic rats.
abstract: The objective of this study is to check the regulation of crystal matrix proteins and inflammatory mediators by citrus bioflavonoids (CB) and Lemon peel (LP) extract in hyperoxaluric rats. The animals were divided into six groups with 6 animals each. Group 1: Control, Group 2: Urolithic (Ethylene glycol (EG)-0.75%); Group 3 & 5: Preventive study (EG + CB (20 mg/kg body weight) and LP (100 mg/kg body weight) extract administration from 0th-7th week) respectively; Group 4 & 6: Curative study (EG + CB and LP extract administration from 4th-7th week) respectively by oral administration. Urinary lithogenic factors (Calcium, oxalate, phosphate and citrate) were normalized in CB & LP supplemented rats, while serum parameters revealed the nephroprotective nature of the intervening agents compared to urolithic rats (p < 0.001). Immunoblotting studies showed significantly increased expression of THP, osteopontin and transferrin in kidneys of urolithic rats (p < 0.001), while preventive and curative study showed near normal expression of these proteins. Expression of NF-κB, TNF-α and IL-6 were raised significantly (p < 0.001), while a very minimal increase in MCP-1 expression was observed in urolithic rats compared to control. Hence, supplementation of CB and LP reduced the crystal promoting factors and provides protection from crystal induced renal damage.
authors.affiliation: Renal Research Lab, Biomedical Research Centre, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: Badrinathan
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sridharan
authors.affiliation: Renal Research Lab, Biomedical Research Centre, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: Yogita
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Mehra
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Dhanvantri Nagar, Puducherry, India.
authors.forename: Rajesh Nachiappa
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Ganesh
authors.affiliation: Renal Research Lab, Biomedical Research Centre, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India. Electronic address: pragasam.v@vit.ac.in.
authors.forename: Pragasam
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Viswanathan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002957:Citrus / Q000737:chemistry*; D019855:Ethylene Glycol / Q000633:toxicity*; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007249:Inflammation / Q000235:genetics*; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011507:Proteinuria / Q000235:genetics*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D052878:Urolithiasis / Q000139:chemically induced*
chemical_list: D005419:Flavonoids; D010936:Plant Extracts; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D019855:Ethylene Glycol
keywords: Citrus flavonoids; Inflammatory genes; Lemon peel extract; Osteopontin; THP; Transferrin