title: Attenuation of Adhesion, Biofilm Formation and Quorum Sensing of Campylobacter jejuni by Euodia ruticarpa.
abstract: Thermophilic campylobacters are a major cause of bacterial food-borne diarrhoeal disease. Adherence and biofilm formation are key elements of Campylobacter jejuni persistence in unfavourable environmental conditions. The phytochemical analysis of Euodia ruticarpa fruit ethanol solution extract (EREE) indicated that the major compounds were evodiamine (1), rutaecarpine (2) and evocarpine (9). E. ruticarpa fruit ethanol solution extract, compounds 1 and 2 as well as a mixture of quinolinone alkaloids with 41.7% of 9 were tested for antibacterial, antibiofilm and antiquorum sensing activities against C. jejuni. Minimal inhibitory concentrations varied from 64 to 1024 µg/mL. A mutant strain that lacks the functional gene coding for the CmeB efflux pump protein was the most susceptible. Interestingly, in addition to the wild-type (NCTC 11168) and cmeB mutant, also a mutant that lacks autoinducer-2 production (luxS) was able to adhere (1 h) and to produce a biofilm (24, 48 and 72 h). The subinhibitory concentrations of all preparations at least partly inhibited C. jejuni adhesion and biofilm formation with the most visible effect of the quinolinone alkaloid fraction. Using a Vibrio harveyi luminescence assay, the inhibition of autoinducer-2 production was observed in the wild-type and cmeB mutant after 48 h with the most visible effect of EREE and its fraction Q. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Technology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, 1000, Slovenia.|Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Primorska, Polje 42 SI, Izola, 6310, Slovenia.
authors.forename: Katja
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bezek
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Technology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, 1000, Slovenia.
authors.forename: Marija
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kurinčič
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Graz, Graz, 8010, Austria.
authors.forename: Elvira
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Knauder
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Technology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, 1000, Slovenia.
authors.forename: Anja
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Klančnik
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Primorska, Polje 42 SI, Izola, 6310, Slovenia.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Raspor
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Graz, Graz, 8010, Austria.
authors.forename: Franz
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bucar
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Technology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, 1000, Slovenia.
authors.forename: Sonja
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Smole Možina
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D018441:Biofilms / Q000187:drug effects*; D016123:Campylobacter jejuni / Q000187:drug effects*; D032086:Evodia / Q000737:chemistry*; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry*; D053038:Quorum Sensing / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents
keywords: Campylobacter jejuni; Euodia ruticarpa; biofilm; quorum sensing