title: Accelerated high-bandwidth MR spectroscopic imaging using compressed sensing.
abstract: To develop a compressed sensing (CS) acceleration method with a high spectral bandwidth exploiting the spatial-spectral sparsity of MR spectroscopic imaging (MRSI).
  
  
  
  Accelerations were achieved using blip gradients during the readout to perform nonoverlapped and stochastically delayed random walks in kx -ky -t space, combined with block-Hankel matrix completion for efficient reconstruction. Both retrospective and prospective CS accelerations were applied to (13) C MRSI experiments, including in vivo rodent brain and liver studies with administrations of hyperpolarized [1-(13) C] pyruvate at 7.0 Tesla (T) and [2-(13) C] dihydroxyacetone at 3.0 T, respectively.
  
  
  
  In retrospective undersampling experiments using in vivo 7.0 T data, the proposed method preserved spectral, spatial, and dynamic fidelities with R(2) ≥ 0.96 and ≥ 0.87 for pyruvate and lactate signals, respectively, 750-Hz spectral separation, and up to 6.6-fold accelerations. In prospective in vivo experiments, with 3.8-fold acceleration, the proposed method exhibited excellent spatial localization of metabolites and peak recovery for pyruvate and lactate at 7.0 T as well as for dihydroxyacetone and its metabolic products with a 4.5-kHz spectral span (140 ppm at 3.0 T).
  
  
  
  This study demonstrated the feasibility of a new CS approach to accelerate high spectral bandwidth MRSI experiments. Magn Reson Med 76:369-379, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA.
authors.forename: Peng
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA.
authors.forename: Peter J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA.
authors.forename: Ilwoo
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA.
authors.forename: Chloe
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Najac
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA.
authors.forename: Irene
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Marco-Rius
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA.
authors.forename: Daniel B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Vigneron
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA.
authors.forename: Sarah J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Nelson
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA.
authors.forename: Sabrina M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Ronen
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA.
authors.forename: Peder E Z
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Larson
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D000818:Animals; D001923:Brain Chemistry; D066241:Carbon-13 Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy / Q000379:methods*; D044962:Data Compression / Q000379:methods*; D008099:Liver / Q000737:chemistry*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D051379:Mice; D057054:Molecular Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D051381:Rats; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
keywords: Hankel matrix completion; MR spectroscopic imaging; calibrationless parallel imaging; compressed sensing; hyperpolarized carbon-13; random blip gradients