title: Madeira-a tourist destination for asthma sufferers.
abstract: Madeira Island is a famous tourist destination due to its natural and climatic values. Taking into account optimal weather conditions, flora richness and access to various substrates facilitating fungal growth, we hypothesised a very high risk of elevated fungal spore and pollen grain concentrations in the air of Funchal, the capital of Madeira. Concentration levels of the most allergenic taxa were measured from 2003 to 2009, using a 7-day volumetric air sampler, followed by microscopy analysis. Dependence of bioaerosols on the weather conditions and land use were assessed using spatial and statistical tools. Obtained results were re-visited by a comparison with hospital admission data recorded at the Dr. Nélio Mendonça Hospital in Funchal. Our results showed that despite propitious climatic conditions, overall pollen grain and fungal spore concentrations in the air were very low and did not exceed any clinically established threshold values. Pollen and spore peak concentrations also did not match with asthma outbreaks in the winter. Identification of places that are "free" from biological air pollution over the summer, such as Madeira Island, is very important from the allergic point of view.
authors.affiliation: Life Science Competence Centre, Madeira University, Campus Universitário da Penteada, 9000-390, Funchal, Portugal. camire@uma.pt.
authors.forename: Irene
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Camacho
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Taxonomy and Phytogeography, University of Szczecin, Wąska 13 Street, 71-415, Szczecin, Poland.
authors.forename: Agnieszka
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Grinn-Gofroń
authors.affiliation: Life Science Competence Centre, Madeira University, Campus Universitário da Penteada, 9000-390, Funchal, Portugal.
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Camacho
authors.affiliation: Centro de Química da Madeira (CQM), Madeira University, Campus Universitário da Penteada, 9000-390, Funchal, Portugal.
authors.forename: Pedro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Berenguer
authors.affiliation: Rothamsted Research, West Common, Harpenden, AL5 2JQ, UK.
authors.forename: Magdalena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sadyś
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D000485:Allergens / Q000032:analysis*; D000528:Alternaria / Q000502:physiology; D001249:Asthma / Q000453:epidemiology*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002963:Cladosporium / Q000502:physiology; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D019684:Magnoliopsida / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011058:Pollen; D011174:Portugal / Q000453:epidemiology; D012621:Seasons; D013172:Spores, Fungal / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D000485:Allergens
keywords: Aerobiology; Allergy; Circular statistics; Holiday; Meteorological parameters