title: Cytokine responses to eye spray adjuvants for enhancing vaccine-induced immunity in chickens.
abstract: Eye spray influenza vaccines for chickens are increasingly available; however, how to enhance cellular and antibody responses to them remains undetermined. Here, eye-drops containing the immune-enhancing adjuvants Pam2CSK4 or polyI:C were assessed in chickens. Application of these TLR agonists to chicken conjunctiva resulted in up-regulation of IL-1β, but not other cytokines, including IFN and IL-6, in the spleen, lung and Harderian gland. Thus, responses to adjuvant applied to the conjunctival mucosa of chickens differ from those expected from the responses to intra-nasal adjuvants in mammals. Identifying an appropriate delivery route for adjuvants is crucial for evoking immune responses in chickens.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine.
authors.forename: Hiromi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Takaki
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine.
authors.forename: Haruko
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Tsukuba, Japan.
authors.forename: Riho
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kurata
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Tsukuba, Japan.
authors.forename: Hirokazu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hikono
authors.affiliation: Department of Disease Control, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine.
authors.forename: Takahiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hiono
authors.affiliation: Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo.
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kida
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine.
authors.forename: Misako
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Matsumoto
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Tsukuba, Japan.
authors.forename: Takehiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Saito
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine.
authors.forename: Tsukasa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Seya
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000818:Animals; D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D002645:Chickens / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D007109:Immunity; D007252:Influenza Vaccines / Q000276:immunology; D005585:Influenza in Birds / Q000276:immunology; D008024:Ligands; D055666:Lipopeptides / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008297:Male; D009092:Mucous Membrane / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D011070:Poly I-C / Q000008:administration & dosage; D014612:Vaccines / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D016207:Cytokines; D007252:Influenza Vaccines; D008024:Ligands; D055666:Lipopeptides; C560312:Pam2CSK4 lipopeptide; D014612:Vaccines; D011070:Poly I-C
keywords: Chicken; Toll-like receptors; vaccine adjuvant