title: An outbreak of dermatophilosis and caseous lymphadenitis mixed infection in camels (Camelus dromedaries) in Jordan.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study describes and reports, for the first time, an outbreak of dermatophilosis that occurred concurrently with caseous lymphadenitis involving two camel herds (Camelus dromedaries) in north Jordan.
  
  
  METHODS
  The affected animals were part of two herds comprising 52 Arabian camels in herd 1 and 65 camels in herd 2. The age of infected camels ranged from 18 months to 5 years. Pus and skin scab samples were aseptically collected and bacteriologically examined. Affected camels were treated by long-acting oxytetracycline injection in a dose rate of 10 mg/kg body weight every 48 hours for three successive treatments, and local antiseptic and antibiotic cutaneous spray treatment for five successive days.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The main clinical signs on affected camels were skin dermatitis and abscess formation. The isolated organisms were Dermatophilus congolensis and Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis were the causative agents of dermatophilosis and caseous lymphadenitis, respectively. Other organisms were isolated from skin abscesses, including α-hemolytic streptococci, hemolytic E. coli, Actinomyces pyogenes, and S. aureus. The affected camels were rapidly and effectively cured by the above-mentioned treatment protocol. No mortality was recorded.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Introducing purchased camels from animal auctions without pre-examination and keeping camels in over-crowded small barns under cold, humid, and rainy conditions during winter may predispose the eruption of mixed infection of dermatophilosis and caseous lymphadenitis. Treatment by long-acting oxytetracycline injection with local antiseptic and antibiotic cutaneous spray can control such infection. A survey on camel herds raised near Jordan's borders is needed to monitor the possibility of emerging infectious disease.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Jordan. tarazi@just.edu.jo.
authors.forename: Yaser Hamadeh
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Tarazi
authors.forename: Falah Khalil
authors.initials: FK
authors.lastname: Al-Ani
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D001419:Bacteria / Q000145:classification / Q000302:isolation & purification; D002162:Camelus; D060085:Coinfection / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D004196:Disease Outbreaks; D007597:Jordan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008199:Lymphadenitis / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D010118:Oxytetracycline / Q000008:administration & dosage; D017192:Skin Diseases, Bacterial / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000662:veterinary*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D010118:Oxytetracycline