title: Advances in PET Detection of the Antitumor T Cell Response.
abstract: Positron emission tomography (PET) is a powerful noninvasive imaging technique able to measure distinct biological processes in vivo by administration of a radiolabeled probe. Whole-body measurements track the probe accumulation providing a means to measure biological changes such as metabolism, cell location, or tumor burden. PET can also be applied to both preclinical and clinical studies providing three-dimensional information. For immunotherapies (in particular understanding T cell responses), PET can be utilized for spatial and longitudinal tracking of T lymphocytes. Although PET has been utilized clinically for over 30 years, the recent development of additional PET radiotracers have dramatically expanded the use of PET to detect endogenous or adoptively transferred T cells in vivo. Novel probes have identified changes in T cell quantity, location, and function. This has enabled investigators to track T cells outside of the circulation and in hematopoietic organs such as spleen, lymph nodes, and bone marrow, or within tumors. In this review, we cover advances in PET detection of the antitumor T cell response and areas of focus for future studies.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States; Ludwig Center for Cancer Stem Cell Research and Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States; Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States.
authors.forename: M N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: McCracken
authors.affiliation: David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tavaré
authors.affiliation: David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Molecular Biology Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
authors.forename: O N
authors.initials: ON
authors.lastname: Witte
authors.affiliation: David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States. Electronic address: awu@mednet.ucla.edu.
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Wu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm / Q000276:immunology; D002465:Cell Movement; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D016219:Immunotherapy, Adoptive / Q000379:methods*; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D057054:Molecular Imaging; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy*; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography / Q000379:methods* / Q000639:trends; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology* / Q000637:transplantation
chemical_list: D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm
keywords: Immuno-PET; Molecular imaging; Noninvasive imaging; PET; Reporter gene; Tracking T cells