title: Inhibition of five natural products from Chinese herbs on the growth of Chattonella marina.
abstract: The effects of five natural products from Chinese herbs including evodiamine, curcumin, 4-methoxysalicylaldehyde, esculin hydrate, and gramine on the growth of Chattonella marina, one of the most noxious red tide algae, were observed. Among them, gramine exhibited the highest inhibitory rate with LC50, 96h of 0.51 mg/l. After exposure to gramine, the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), and content of malondialdehyde (MDA) increased in C. marina, suggesting that gramine could induce microalgae oxidative stress. In addition, chlorophyll a and the maximum quantum yield of photosynthesis (Fv/Fm) decreased following exposure to gramine, indicating the inhibition of photosynthesis activity in the microalgae. Combined with the fast inhibition against the algal cells and environmentally friendly character of gramine, we proposed that gramine might be a potential algaecide against marine harmful algae and that the oxidative damage and photosynthesis inhibition might be responsible for the toxicity of gramine on harmful algae.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Aquatic Eutrophication and Control of Harmful Algal Blooms of Guangdong Higher Education Institute, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
authors.forename: Fei
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Aquatic Eutrophication and Control of Harmful Algal Blooms of Guangdong Higher Education Institute, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
authors.forename: Zheng-Bing
authors.initials: ZB
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Aquatic Eutrophication and Control of Harmful Algal Blooms of Guangdong Higher Education Institute, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
authors.forename: Hong-Ye
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Aquatic Eutrophication and Control of Harmful Algal Blooms of Guangdong Higher Education Institute, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China. tjsliu@jnu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Jie-Sheng
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Aquatic Eutrophication and Control of Harmful Algal Blooms of Guangdong Higher Education Institute, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China. tywd@jnu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Wei-Dong
authors.initials: WD
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D000470:Alkaloids / Q000494:pharmacology; D001547:Benzaldehydes / Q000494:pharmacology; D001688:Biological Products / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D002734:Chlorophyll / Q000378:metabolism; D003474:Curcumin / Q000494:pharmacology; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal / Q000494:pharmacology*; D057097:Harmful Algal Bloom / Q000187:drug effects; D026121:Indole Alkaloids; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D058086:Microalgae / Q000378:metabolism; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D010788:Photosynthesis / Q000187:drug effects; D011799:Quinazolines / Q000494:pharmacology; D058009:Stramenopiles / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000470:Alkaloids; D001547:Benzaldehydes; D001688:Biological Products; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; D026121:Indole Alkaloids; D011799:Quinazolines; D002734:Chlorophyll; C118297:2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzaldehyde; D008315:Malondialdehyde; C049639:evodiamine; D002374:Catalase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; C007884:gramine; D003474:Curcumin
keywords: Algaecide; Chattonella marina; Chinese herbs; Gramine; Oxidative stress; Photosynthesis