title: Antiphospholipid Antibody-Mediated Thrombotic Mechanisms in Antiphospholipid Syndrome: Towards Pathophysiology-Based Treatment.
abstract: Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is a systemic autoimmune disease characterized by a persistently high titer of antiphospholipid antibodies (aPLs). In addition to pregnancy morbidity, arterial and/or venous thrombosis is another clinical feature of APS. Regardless of the type of APS, the thrombi formed by the induction of aPLs can lead to deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, myocardial infarction, stroke and gangrene. Although the concept of APS was introduced approximately 32 years ago, its thrombogenic pathophysiology is still unclear. Therefore, patients are treated with anticoagulant and/or antiplatelet regimens just as in other thrombotic disorders even though the thrombotic pathophysiology is mainly aPLs-mediated. In this review, we provided an update of the cellular, auto-immune and genetic factors known to play important roles in the generation of thrombi. Current successful regimens are also outlined along with potential emerging treatment strategies that may lead to the optimum management of thrombotic APS patients.
authors.affiliation: Human Genome Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Md Asiful
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Islam
authors.forename: Fahmida
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Alam
authors.forename: Teguh Haryo
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Sasongko
authors.forename: Siew Hua
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Gan
mesh_terms: D017152:Antibodies, Antiphospholipid / Q000276:immunology*; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016736:Antiphospholipid Syndrome / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013927:Thrombosis / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D017152:Antibodies, Antiphospholipid; D000925:Anticoagulants; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors