title: Multiple Dimensions of Stigma and Health Related Factors Among Young Black Men Who Have Sex with Men.
abstract: This study is among the first to examine the association between multiple domains of HIV-related stigma and health-related correlates including viral load and medication adherence among young Black men who have sex with men (N = 92). Individual logistic regressions were done to examine the hypothesized relationships between HIV-related stigma and various health and psychosocial outcomes. In addition to examining total stigma, we also examined four domains of HIV stigma. Findings revealed the various domains of stigma had differential effects on health-related outcomes. Individuals who reported higher levels of total stigma and personalized stigma were less likely to be virally suppressed (OR 0.96, 95 % CI 0.91-1.00 and OR 0.50, 95 % CI 0.25-1.02, respectively). Concerns about public attitudes toward HIV were positively related to medication adherence (OR 2.18, 95 % CI 1.20-3.94) and psychological distress (OR 5.02, 95 % CI 1.54-16.34). The various domains of HIV stigma differentially affected health and psychosocial outcomes, and our findings suggest that some forms of HIV stigma may significantly affect viral load and medication adherence among this population. Stigma-informed approaches to care and treatment are needed, along with incorporated psychological and social supports.
authors.affiliation: Center for AIDS Intervention Research, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, 2071 N. Summit, Milwaukee, WI, 53202, USA. kaquinn@mcw.edu.
authors.forename: Katherine
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Quinn
authors.affiliation: School of Social Service Administration, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.|STI/HIV Intervention Network, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
authors.forename: Dexter R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Voisin
authors.affiliation: School of Social Service Administration, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.|STI/HIV Intervention Network, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
authors.forename: Alida
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bouris
authors.affiliation: STI/HIV Intervention Network, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.|Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
authors.forename: Kate
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Jaffe
authors.affiliation: Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.|Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
authors.forename: Lisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kuhns
authors.affiliation: STI/HIV Intervention Network, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.|Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
authors.forename: Rebecca
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Eavou
authors.affiliation: STI/HIV Intervention Network, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.|Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.|Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Schneider
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American; D001727:Bisexuality; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000523:psychology*; D000073599:Health Risk Behaviors; D018451:Homosexuality, Male; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D055118:Medication Adherence; D000072339:Sexual and Gender Minorities; D057545:Social Stigma; D012944:Social Support; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000523:psychology*; D047568:Unsafe Sex; D019562:Viral Load; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: HIV; Health outcomes; Stigma; Young Black MSM