title: Reducing Physical Risk Factors in Construction Work Through a Participatory Intervention: Protocol for a Mixed-Methods Process Evaluation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Previous research has shown that reducing physical workload among workers in the construction industry is complicated. In order to address this issue, we developed a process evaluation in a formative mixed-methods design, drawing on existing knowledge of the potential barriers for implementation.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We present the design of a mixed-methods process evaluation of the organizational, social, and subjective practices that play roles in the intervention study, integrating technical measurements to detect excessive physical exertion measured with electromyography and accelerometers, video documentation of working tasks, and a 3-phased workshop program.
  
  
  METHODS
  The evaluation is designed in an adapted process evaluation framework, addressing recruitment, reach, fidelity, satisfaction, intervention delivery, intervention received, and context of the intervention companies. Observational studies, interviews, and questionnaires among 80 construction workers organized in 20 work gangs, as well as health and safety staff, contribute to the creation of knowledge about these phenomena.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At the time of publication, the process of participant recruitment is underway.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Intervention studies are challenging to conduct and evaluate in the construction industry, often because of narrow time frames and ever-changing contexts. The mixed-methods design presents opportunities for obtaining detailed knowledge of the practices intra-acting with the intervention, while offering the opportunity to customize parts of the intervention.
authors.affiliation: National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark. ajslev@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Jeppe
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5544-1538
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ajslev
authors.forename: Mikkel
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1415-3097
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Brandt
authors.forename: Jeppe Lykke
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6092-3585
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Møller
authors.forename: Sebastian
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7812-7835
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Skals
authors.forename: Jonas
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8430-0139
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vinstrup
authors.forename: Markus Due
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1165-968X
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Jakobsen
authors.forename: Emil
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7408-222X
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sundstrup
authors.forename: Pascal
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2164-234X
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Madeleine
authors.forename: Lars Louis
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2777-8085
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Andersen
keywords: construction work; intervention study; masculinity; mixed-methods study; musculoskeletal disorders; physical exposure; process evaluation; social science