title: Group- and Home-Based Cognitive Intervention for Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We examined the efficacy of group-based cognitive intervention (GCI) and home-based cognitive intervention (HCI) in amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) and intervention effects on serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF).
  
  
  METHODS
  In this randomized and rater-blinded trial, 293 patients with aMCI from 18 nationwide hospitals were randomized: 96 to the GCI group, 98 to the HCI group and 99 to the control group. For 12 weeks, subjects receiving GCI participated twice per week in group sessions led by trained instructors, and those receiving HCI completed homework materials 5 days per week. They were assessed at baseline, postintervention (PI) and at the 6-month follow-up after the intervention. The primary endpoint was the change from baseline to PI in the modified Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale-cognitive subscale (ADAS-Cog).
  
  
  RESULTS
  In comparison to the controls (a 0.8-point decrease), the subjects receiving GCI (a 2.3-point decrease, p = 0.01) or HCI (a 2.5-point decrease, p = 0.02) showed significant improvements in the modified ADAS-Cog at PI, respectively. By the 6-month follow-up, those receiving GCI or HCI had better scores in the modified ADAS-Cog than the controls. The changes in BDNF levels significantly correlated with the changes in the modified ADAS-Cog in the GCI (r = -0.29, p = 0.02 at PI) and HCI (r = -0.27, p = 0.03 at 6-month follow-up) groups, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The GCI and HCI resulted in cognitive improvements in aMCI. An enhanced brain plasticity may be a component of the mechanism underpinning the cognitive improvements associated with the cognitive interventions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Jee Hyang
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Jeong
authors.forename: Hae Ri
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Na
authors.forename: Seong Hye
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Jungeun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Duk L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Na
authors.forename: Sang Won
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Seo
authors.forename: Juhee
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chin
authors.forename: Sun Ah
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Eun-Joo
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Hyun Jeong
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Seol-Heui
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Soo Jin
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Yoon
authors.forename: Jae-Hong
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Kyung Won
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: So Young
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Moon
authors.forename: Moon Ho
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Mun Seong
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Il-Woo
authors.initials: IW
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Jun Hong
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Jung Seok
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Yong S
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Shim
authors.forename: Jeong Yeon
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000647:Amnesia / Q000628:therapy*; D019208:Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor / Q000097:blood*; D003071:Cognition; D015928:Cognitive Behavioral Therapy / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D060825:Cognitive Dysfunction / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011615:Psychotherapy, Group / Q000379:methods*; D056910:Republic of Korea; D012648:Self Care / Q000379:methods*; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D019208:Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; C579455:BDNF protein, human