title: Short-term treatment outcomes in human immunodeficiency virus type-1 and hepatitis B virus co-infections.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Co-infection of HIV with HBV is common in West Africa but little information is available on the effects of HBV on short-term therapy for HIV patients. A 28 day longitudinal study was conducted to examine short-term antiretroviral therapy (ART) outcomes in HIV infected individuals with HBV co-infection.
  
  
  METHODS
  Plasma from 18 HIV infected individuals co-infected with HBV and matched controls with only HIV infection were obtained at initiation, and 7 and 28 days after ART. HIV-1 viral load changes were monitored. Clinical and demographic data were also obtained from patient folders, and HIV-1 drug resistance mutation and subtype analysis performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The presence of HBV co-infection did not significantly affect HIV-1 viral load changes within 7 or 28 days. The CD4(+) counts on the other hand of patients significantly affected the magnitude of HIV-1 viral load decline after 7 days (ρ = -0.441, p = 0.040), while the pre-ART HIV-1 VL (ρ = 0.844, p = <0.001) and sex (U = 19.0, p = 0.020) also determined HIV-1 viral load outcomes after 28 days of ART. Even though the geometric sensitivity score of HIV-1 strains were influenced by the HIV-1 subtypes (U = 56.00; p = 0.036), it was not a confounder for ART outcomes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There may be the need to consider the confounder effects of sex, pre-ART CD4(+), and pre-ART HIV-1 viral load in the discourse on HIV and HBV co-infection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Biomedical and Allied Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Korle-Bu, P. O. Box KB173, Accra, Ghana. ksagoe@ug.edu.gh.
authors.forename: Kwamena William Coleman
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Sagoe
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Biomedical and Allied Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Korle-Bu, P. O. Box KB173, Accra, Ghana.|Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Basic and Biomedical Sciences, University of Health & Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana.
authors.forename: Kwabena Obeng
authors.initials: KO
authors.lastname: Duedu
authors.affiliation: Pharmacy Department, Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana.
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ziga
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana.
authors.forename: Afrakoma Adjoa
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Agyei
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Biomedical and Allied Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Korle-Bu, P. O. Box KB173, Accra, Ghana.
authors.forename: Theophilus Korku
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Adiku
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana.
authors.forename: Margaret
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lartey
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Biomedical and Allied Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Korle-Bu, P. O. Box KB173, Accra, Ghana.
authors.forename: Julius Abraham Addo
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Mingle
authors.affiliation: Retrovirus Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University Medical School, St. Louis, MO, USA.
authors.forename: Max
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Arens
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000354:Africa, Western; D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D060085:Coinfection; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics* / Q000254:growth & development; D006509:Hepatitis B / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology; D006515:Hepatitis B virus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics; D012737:Sex Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D019562:Viral Load / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000998:Antiviral Agents; D012367:RNA, Viral
keywords: Antiretroviral therapy; Co-infection; Drug resistance; Hepatitis B virus; Human immunodeficiency virus; Short-term therapy