title: Adsorptive removal of naphthalene induced by structurally different Gemini surfactants in a soil-water system.
abstract: A new generation of surfactant, Gemini surfactants, have been synthesized and have attracted the attention of various industrial and academic research groups. This study focused on the use of symmetric and dissymmetric quaternary ammonium Gemini surfactants to immobilize naphthalene onto soil particles, and is used as an example of an innovative application to remove HOC in situ using the surfactant-enhanced sorption zone. The sorption capacity of modified soils by Gemini surfactant and natural soils was compared and the naphthalene sorption efficiency, in the absence and presence of Gemini surfactants with different alkyl chain lengths, was investigated in the soil-water system. The results have shown that the increased added Gemini surfactant formed admicelles at the interface of soil/water having superior capability to retard contaminant. Symmetric and dissymmetric Gemini surfactants have opposite effect on the aspect of removing of PAH attributing to their solubilization and sorption behavior in soil-water system. Compared with the natural soil, sorption of naphthalene by Gemini-modified soil is noticeably enhanced following the order of C12-2-16 < C12-2-12 < C12-2-8. However, the symmetric Gemini surfactant C12-2-12 is the optimized one for in situ barrier remediation, which is not only has relative high retention ability but also low dosage.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Beijing for Water Quality Science and Water Environment Recovery Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China. weij@bjut.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Jia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Beijing for Water Quality Science and Water Environment Recovery Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan, S4S 0A2, Canada.
authors.forename: Guohe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Beijing for Water Quality Science and Water Environment Recovery Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China.
authors.forename: Xiujie
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Beijing for Water Quality Science and Water Environment Recovery Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China. ghui0066@163.com.
authors.forename: Guanghui
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Beijing for Water Quality Science and Water Environment Recovery Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China.
authors.forename: Baihang
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zhao
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D000475:Alkenes / Q000737:chemistry*; D009281:Naphthalenes / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds / Q000737:chemistry*; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000737:chemistry*; D013501:Surface-Active Agents / Q000737:chemistry*; D014867:Water; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000475:Alkenes; D009281:Naphthalenes; D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; D012987:Soil; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D013501:Surface-Active Agents; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C509664:hexamethylene-1,6-bis(dodecyldimethylammonium bromide); D014867:Water; C031721:naphthalene
keywords: Gemini surfactant; Naphthalene; Remediation; Soil-water system