title: Epidemiological investigation reveals genetic diversity and high co-infection rate of canine bocavirus strains circulating in Heilongjiang province, Northeast China.
abstract: To trace evolution of CBoV in Northeast China, 201 fecal samples from rectal swabs of diarrheic dogs collected from May 2014 to April 2015 were investigated using PCR targeting partial NS1 gene (440bp). Furthermore, phylogenetic analysis of the identified CBoV strains was conducted using nucleotide sequences of the partial NS1 gene. The results indicated that 15 of 201 fecal samples (7.5%) were positive for CBoV; the partial NS1 genes of the 15 CBoV strains exhibited 83.1%-100% nucleotide identity, and 75.8%-100% amino acid identity; the entire VP2 gene of five selected CBoV strains exhibited 82.9%-96.8% nucleotide identity, and 90.4%-99.1% amino acid identity. The 15 CBoV strains exhibited high co-infection rates with CPV-2 (40%), CCoV (20%), and CaKV (26.67%). Phylogenetic analysis of the partial NS1 gene revealed that the 15 CBoV strains were divided into different subgroups of CBoV-2 when compared with CBoV-2 strains from South Korea, USA, Germany, and Hong Kong in China. Moreover, phylogenetic analysis of the VP2 gene indicated that five selected CBoV strains were divided into three different genetic groups of CBoV-2, involving in CBoV-2HK group, CBoV-2C group, and CBoV-2B group. The recombination analysis using the entire VP2 gene revealed three potential recombination events that occurred among five selected strains in our study. These data demonstrated that the CBoV strains circulating in Heilongjiang province, Northeast China showed genetic diversities, potential recombination events, and high co-infection rate. Further studies will be required to address the potential pathogenic role of these diverse CBoV strains.
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, No. 2 Xinyang Road, Sartu District, Daqing 163319, PR China.
authors.forename: Donghua
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, No. 2 Xinyang Road, Sartu District, Daqing 163319, PR China.
authors.forename: Zhihui
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, No. 2 Xinyang Road, Sartu District, Daqing 163319, PR China.
authors.forename: Shuang
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, No. 2 Xinyang Road, Sartu District, Daqing 163319, PR China.
authors.forename: Chunqiu
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, No. 2 Xinyang Road, Sartu District, Daqing 163319, PR China.
authors.forename: Yufei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Geng
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, No. 2 Xinyang Road, Sartu District, Daqing 163319, PR China.
authors.forename: Enyu
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, No. 2 Xinyang Road, Sartu District, Daqing 163319, PR China.
authors.forename: Xiwen
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, No. 2 Xinyang Road, Sartu District, Daqing 163319, PR China.
authors.forename: Mingjun
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Su
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, No. 2 Xinyang Road, Sartu District, Daqing 163319, PR China.
authors.forename: Shan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, No. 2 Xinyang Road, Sartu District, Daqing 163319, PR China.
authors.forename: Xinyu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 427 Maduan Street, Nangang District, Harbin 150001, PR China.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.affiliation: Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA. Electronic address: yc42@cornell.edu.
authors.forename: Yung-Fu
authors.initials: YF
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, No. 2 Xinyang Road, Sartu District, Daqing 163319, PR China. Electronic address: dongbosun@126.com.
authors.forename: Dongbo
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sun
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D052660:Bocavirus / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D060085:Coinfection / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000662:veterinary* / Q000821:virology; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology; D004285:Dogs; D005260:Female; D014644:Genetic Variation; D008297:Male; D010322:Parvoviridae Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000662:veterinary* / Q000821:virology; D010802:Phylogeny; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000662:veterinary; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA / Q000662:veterinary; D017361:Viral Nonstructural Proteins / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: C106202:NS1 protein, parvovirus; D017361:Viral Nonstructural Proteins
keywords: Bocaviruses; Canine bocaviruses; Genetic diversity