title: A zwitterionic gel electrolyte for efficient solid-state supercapacitors.
abstract: Gel electrolytes have attracted increasing attention for solid-state supercapacitors. An ideal gel electrolyte usually requires a combination of advantages of high ion migration rate, reasonable mechanical strength and robust water retention ability at the solid state for ensuring excellent work durability. Here we report a zwitterionic gel electrolyte that successfully brings the synergic advantages of robust water retention ability and ion migration channels, manifesting in superior electrochemical performance. When applying the zwitterionic gel electrolyte, our graphene-based solid-state supercapacitor reaches a volume capacitance of 300.8 F cm(-3) at 0.8 A cm(-3) with a rate capacity of only 14.9% capacitance loss as the current density increases from 0.8 to 20 A cm(-3), representing the best value among the previously reported graphene-based solid-state supercapacitors, to the best of our knowledge. We anticipate that zwitterionic gel electrolyte may be developed as a gel electrolyte in solid-state supercapacitors.
authors.affiliation: Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Hefei Science Center (CAS), and CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China.
authors.forename: Xu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.affiliation: Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Hefei Science Center (CAS), and CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China.
authors.forename: Huili
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Hefei Science Center (CAS), and CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China.
authors.forename: Qin
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.affiliation: Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Hefei Science Center (CAS), and CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China.
authors.forename: Junchi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Hefei Science Center (CAS), and CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China.
authors.forename: Pengzuo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Hefei Science Center (CAS), and CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China.
authors.forename: Guangzhao
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Hefei Science Center (CAS), and CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China.
authors.forename: Guangming
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Hefei Science Center (CAS), and CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China.
authors.forename: Changzheng
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Hefei Science Center (CAS), and CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China.
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xie