title: Immunization Data Exchange With Electronic Health Records.
abstract: To assess the impact of exchange of immunization information between an immunization information system (IIS) and an electronic health record on up-to-date rates, overimmunization, and immunization record completeness for low-income, urban children and adolescents.
  
  
  
  The New York City Department of Health maintains a population-based IIS, the Citywide Immunization Registry (CIR). Five community clinics in New York City implemented direct linkage of immunization data from the CIR to their local electronic health record. We compared immunization status and overimmunization in children and adolescents 19 to 35 month, 7 to 10 year, and 13 to 17 year-olds with provider visits in the 6-month period before data exchange implementation (2009; n = 6452) versus 6-months post-implementation (2010; n = 6124). We also assessed immunization record completeness with and without addition of CIR data for 8548 children and adolescents with visits in 2012-2013.
  
  
  
  Up-to-date status increased from before to after implementation from 75.0% to 81.6% (absolute difference, 6.6%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 5.2% to 8.1%) and was significant for all age groups. The percentage overimmunized decreased from 8.8% to 4.7% (absolute difference, -4.1%; 95% CI, -7.8% to -0.3%) and was significant for adolescents (16.4% vs 1.2%; absolute difference, -15.2%; 95% CI, -26.7 to -3.6). Up-to-date status for those seen in 2012 to 2013 was higher when IIS data were added (74.6% vs 59.5%).
  
  
  
  This study demonstrates that data exchange can improve child and adolescent immunization status. Development of the technology to support such exchange and continued focus on local, state, and federal policies to support such exchanges are needed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Department of Population and Family Health, and New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York; and mss2112@columbia.edu.
authors.forename: Melissa S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Stockwell
authors.affiliation: New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York; and Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York;
authors.forename: Karthik
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Natarajan
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics.
authors.forename: Rajasekhar
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ramakrishnan
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics.
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Holleran
authors.affiliation: New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, New York, New York.
authors.forename: Kristen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Forney
authors.affiliation: New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, New York, New York.
authors.forename: Angel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Aponte
authors.affiliation: New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York; and Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York;
authors.forename: David K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Vawdrey
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D057286:Electronic Health Records; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007114:Immunization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D007223:Infant; D033181:Information Dissemination / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D009519:New York City