title: Bioconcentration of Dissolved Organic Compounds from Oil Sands Process-Affected Water by Medaka (Oryzias latipes): Importance of Partitioning to Phospholipids.
abstract: The complex mixture of dissolved organics in oil sands process-affected water (OSPW) is acutely lethal to fish at environmentally relevant concentrations, but few bioconcentration factors (BCFs) have been measured for its many chemical species. Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) were exposed to 10% OSPW, and measured BCFs were evaluated against predicted BCFs from octanol-water distribution ratios (DOW) and phospholipid membrane-water distribution ratios (DMW). Two heteroatomic chemical classes detected in positive ion mode (SO(+), NO(+)) and one in negative mode (O2(-), also known as naphthenic acids) had the greatest DMW values, as high as 10 000. Estimates of DMW were similar to and correlated with DOW for O(+), O2(+), SO(+), and NO(+) chemical species, but for O2(-) and SO2(-) species the DMW values were much greater than the corresponding DOW, suggesting the importance of electrostatic interactions for these ionizable organic acids. Only SO(+), NO(+), and O2(-) species were detectable in medaka exposed to OSPW, and BCFs for SO(+) and NO(+) species ranged from 0.6 to 28 L/kg, lower than predicted (i.e., 1.4-1.7 × 10(3) L/kg), possibly because of biotransformation of these hydrophobic substances. BCFs of O2(-) species ranged from 0.7 to 53 L/kg, similar to predicted values and indicating that phospholipid partitioning was an important bioconcentration mechanism.
authors.affiliation: Division of Analytical & Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, University of Alberta , 10-102 Clinical Sciences Building, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada , T6G 2G3.
authors.forename: Kun
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada S7N 5B3.
authors.forename: Steve
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wiseman
authors.affiliation: Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada S7N 5B3.|Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada S7N 5B4.|Department of Zoology and Center for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University , East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States.|School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong SAR, China.|State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: John P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Giesy
authors.affiliation: Division of Analytical & Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, University of Alberta , 10-102 Clinical Sciences Building, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada , T6G 2G3.
authors.forename: Jonathan W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Martin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D061329:Oil and Gas Fields; D009990:Oryzias / Q000378:metabolism*; D010743:Phospholipids / Q000378:metabolism; D014867:Water / Q000378:metabolism; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D010743:Phospholipids; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D014867:Water