title: Seed Selection by the Harvester Ant Pogonomyrmex rugosus (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Coastal Sage Scrub: Interactions With Invasive Plant Species.
abstract: Harvester ants can be the dominant seed predators on plants by collecting and eating seeds and are known to influence plant communities. Harvester ants are abundant in coastal sage scrub (CSS), and CSS is frequently invaded by several exotic plant species. This study used observations of foraging and cafeteria-style experiments to test for seed species selection by the harvester ant Pogonomyrmex rugosus Emery (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in CSS. Analysis of foraging behavior showed that P. rugosus carried seeds of exotic Erodium cicutarium (L.) and exotic Brassica tournefortii (Gouan) on 85 and 15% of return trips to the nest (respectively), and only a very few ants carried the native seeds found within the study areas. When compared with the availability of seeds in the field, P. rugosus selected exotic E. cicutarium and avoided both native Encelia farinosa (Torrey & A. Gray) and exotic B. tournefortii. Foraging by P. rugosus had no major effect on the seed bank in the field. Cafeteria-style experiments confirmed that P. rugosus selected E. cicutarium over other available seeds. Native Eriogonum fasciculatum (Bentham) seeds were even less selected than E. farinosa and B. tournefortii.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Mt. San Antonio College, 1100 North Grand Ave., Walnut, CA 91789 (christopher.briggs@mtsac.edu) christopher.briggs@mtsac.edu.
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Briggs
authors.affiliation: Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, 900 University Ave., Riverside, CA 92521 (richard.redak@ucr.edu).
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Redak
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001000:Ants / Q000502:physiology*; D001937:Brassica / Q000254:growth & development; D002140:California; D005247:Feeding Behavior / Q000502:physiology; D031314:Geraniaceae / Q000254:growth & development; D058865:Introduced Species; D058614:Seed Dispersal; D012639:Seeds
keywords: Pogonomyrmex rugosus; coastal sage scrub; exotic; harvester ant; preference