title: Enhanced Flexible Tubular Microelectrode with Conducting Polymer for Multi-Functional Implantable Tissue-Machine Interface.
abstract: Implantable biomedical microdevices enable the restoration of body function and improvement of health condition. As the interface between artificial machines and natural tissue, various kinds of microelectrodes with high density and tiny size were developed to undertake precise and complex medical tasks through electrical stimulation and electrophysiological recording. However, if only the electrical interaction existed between electrodes and muscle or nerve tissue without nutrition factor delivery, it would eventually lead to a significant symptom of denervation-induced skeletal muscle atrophy. In this paper, we developed a novel flexible tubular microelectrode integrated with fluidic drug delivery channel for dynamic tissue implant. First, the whole microelectrode was made of biocompatible polymers, which could avoid the drawbacks of the stiff microelectrodes that are easy to be broken and damage tissue. Moreover, the microelectrode sites were circumferentially distributed on the surface of polymer microtube in three dimensions, which would be beneficial to the spatial selectivity. Finally, the in vivo results confirmed that our implantable tubular microelectrodes were suitable for dynamic electrophysiological recording and simultaneous fluidic drug delivery, and the electrode performance was further enhanced by the conducting polymer modification.
authors.affiliation: National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Micro/Nano Fabrication Laboratory, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China.|Key Laboratory for Thin Film and Micro fabrication of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China.|Collaborative Innovation Center of IFSA, Department of Micro/Nano-electronics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Dongchuan Road 800, Shanghai, 200240, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Hong-Chang
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.affiliation: National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Micro/Nano Fabrication Laboratory, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China.|Key Laboratory for Thin Film and Micro fabrication of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China.|Collaborative Innovation Center of IFSA, Department of Micro/Nano-electronics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Dongchuan Road 800, Shanghai, 200240, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Jing-Quan
authors.initials: JQ
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Micro/Nano Fabrication Laboratory, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China.|Key Laboratory for Thin Film and Micro fabrication of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China.|Collaborative Innovation Center of IFSA, Department of Micro/Nano-electronics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Dongchuan Road 800, Shanghai, 200240, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Xiao-Yang
authors.initials: XY
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.affiliation: National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Micro/Nano Fabrication Laboratory, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China.|Key Laboratory for Thin Film and Micro fabrication of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China.|Collaborative Innovation Center of IFSA, Department of Micro/Nano-electronics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Dongchuan Road 800, Shanghai, 200240, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Long-Jun
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Micro/Nano Fabrication Laboratory, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China.|Key Laboratory for Thin Film and Micro fabrication of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China.|Collaborative Innovation Center of IFSA, Department of Micro/Nano-electronics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Dongchuan Road 800, Shanghai, 200240, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Ming-Hao
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Micro/Nano Fabrication Laboratory, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China.|Key Laboratory for Thin Film and Micro fabrication of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China.|Collaborative Innovation Center of IFSA, Department of Micro/Nano-electronics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Dongchuan Road 800, Shanghai, 200240, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Bo-Wen
authors.initials: BW
authors.lastname: Ji
authors.affiliation: National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Micro/Nano Fabrication Laboratory, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China.|Key Laboratory for Thin Film and Micro fabrication of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China.|Collaborative Innovation Center of IFSA, Department of Micro/Nano-electronics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Dongchuan Road 800, Shanghai, 200240, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Micro/Nano Fabrication Laboratory, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China.|Key Laboratory for Thin Film and Micro fabrication of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China.|Collaborative Innovation Center of IFSA, Department of Micro/Nano-electronics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Dongchuan Road 800, Shanghai, 200240, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Xiao-Lin
authors.initials: XL
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Micro/Nano Fabrication Laboratory, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China.|Key Laboratory for Thin Film and Micro fabrication of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China.|Collaborative Innovation Center of IFSA, Department of Micro/Nano-electronics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Dongchuan Road 800, Shanghai, 200240, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Xiang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Micro/Nano Fabrication Laboratory, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China.|Key Laboratory for Thin Film and Micro fabrication of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China.|Collaborative Innovation Center of IFSA, Department of Micro/Nano-electronics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Dongchuan Road 800, Shanghai, 200240, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Chun-Sheng
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D019086:Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems / Q000295:instrumentation*; D017097:Electric Impedance; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D004567:Electrodes, Implanted; D005260:Female; D020007:Implants, Experimental; D056656:Lab-On-A-Chip Devices; D008839:Microelectrodes; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000098:blood supply / Q000187:drug effects / Q000294:innervation* / Q000601:surgery; D016716:PC12 Cells; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D019919:Prosthesis Implantation / Q000379:methods; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D014992:Xylenes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D019086:Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic; D011108:Polymers; D014992:Xylenes; C121383:poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene); C011055:parylene