title: Sustainable intensification: a multifaceted, systemic approach to international development.
abstract: Sustainable intensification (SI) is a term increasingly used to describe a type of approach applied to international agricultural projects. Despite its widespread use, there is still little understanding or knowledge of the various facets of this composite paradigm. A review of the literature has led to the formalization of three principles that convey the current characterization of SI, comprising a whole system, participatory, agroecological approach. Specific examples of potential bottlenecks to the SI approach are cited, in addition to various technologies and techniques that can be applied to overcome these obstacles. Models of similar, succcessful approaches to agricultural development are examined, along with higher level processes. Additionally, this review explores the desired end points of SI and argues for the inclusion of gender and nutrition throughout the process. To properly apply the SI approach, its various aspects need to be understood and adapted to different cultural and geographic situations. New modeling systems and examples of the effective execution of SI strategies can assist with the successful application of the SI paradigm within complex developing communities. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.
authors.affiliation: Office of International Research, Education and Development, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA.
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Himmelstein
authors.affiliation: Office of International Research, Education and Development, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA. aresa@vt.edu.
authors.forename: Adrian
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ares
authors.affiliation: Office of International Research, Education and Development, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA.
authors.forename: Emily
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: van Houweling
mesh_terms: D000383:Agriculture / Q000379:methods / Q000639:trends*; D003247:Conservation of Natural Resources / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods / Q000639:trends*; D003365:Costs and Cost Analysis; D003906:Developing Countries; D017753:Ecosystem; D005260:Female; D005523:Food Supply; D006801:Humans; D007391:International Cooperation; D044342:Malnutrition / Q000517:prevention & control; D063507:Sexism; D014930:Women / Q000193:education
keywords: agroecological, resilience; international development; sustainable intensification