title: Novel zero-valent iron-assembled reactor for strengthening anammox performance under low temperature.
abstract: To further expand the application of anammox biotechnology, a novel zero-valent iron-assembled upflow anaerobic sludge bed reactor was employed to strengthen anammox performance under low temperature and shock load. Packed with sponge iron and polyester sponge, this novel reactor could speed up the recovery of anammox activity in 12 days and improve the adaptability of anammox bacteria at the temperature of 10-15 °C. The high nitrogen loading rate of 1109.2 mg N/L/day could be adapted in 27 days and the new nitrogen pathway under the effect of sponge iron was clarified by batch experiment. Moreover, the real-time quantitative PCR analysis and Illumina MiSeq sequencing verified the dominant status of Candidatus Kuenenia stuttgartiensis and planctomycete KSU-1, as well as demonstrated the positive role of sponge iron on anammox microorganisms' proliferation. The findings might be beneficial to popularize anammox-related processes in municipal and industrial wastewater engineering.
authors.affiliation: Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, No. 27 Shanda South Road, Jinan, 250100, Shandong, People's Republic of China.|School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Long-Fei
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Ren
authors.affiliation: Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, No. 27 Shanda South Road, Jinan, 250100, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Lu
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lv
authors.affiliation: Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, No. 27 Shanda South Road, Jinan, 250100, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, No. 27 Shanda South Road, Jinan, 250100, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Baoyu
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, No. 27 Shanda South Road, Jinan, 250100, Shandong, People's Republic of China. sqni@sdu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Shou-Qing
authors.initials: SQ
authors.lastname: Ni
authors.affiliation: Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, No. 27 Shanda South Road, Jinan, 250100, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Ning
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Agro-Food Science and Technology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Qingxin
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Institute of Agro-Food Science and Technology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xiaoyong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000641:Ammonia / Q000378:metabolism*; D000693:Anaerobiosis; D001419:Bacteria / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D019149:Bioreactors / Q000382:microbiology*; D003080:Cold Temperature; D059014:High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing; D007501:Iron / Q000378:metabolism*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012722:Sewage / Q000382:microbiology*
chemical_list: D012722:Sewage; D000641:Ammonia; D007501:Iron
keywords: Anammox; Illumina MiSeq sequencing; Low temperature; Quantitative PCR; Shock load; Sponge iron