title: Biological mechanisms underlying evolutionary origins of psychotic and mood disorders.
abstract: Psychotic and mood disorders are brain dysfunctions that are caused by gene environment interactions. Although these disorders are disadvantageous and involve behavioral phenotypes that decrease the reproductive success of afflicted individuals in the modern human society, the prevalence of these disorders have remained constant in the population. Here, we propose several biological mechanisms by which the genes associated with psychotic and mood disorders could be selected for in specific environmental conditions that provide evolutionary bases for explanations of when, why, and where these disorders emerged and have been maintained in humans. We discuss the evolutionary origins of psychotic and mood disorders with specific focuses on the roles of dopamine and serotonin in the conditions of social competitiveness/hierarchy and maternal care and other potential mechanisms, such as social network homophily and symbiosis.
authors.affiliation: Cognition and Learning Section, Department of Cognitive Science, Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Inuyama, Aichi, 484-8506, Japan. Electronic address: goto.yukiori.5c@kyoto-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Yukiori
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Goto
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science & Nutrition, Catholic University of Daegu, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk, 712-702, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Young-A
authors.initials: YA
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Cognition and Learning Section, Department of Cognitive Science, Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Inuyama, Aichi, 484-8506, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshie
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yamaguchi
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Natural Sciences, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 5, 3584 CC, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Emanuel
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Jas
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004298:Dopamine / Q000502:physiology; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D059647:Gene-Environment Interaction; D014644:Genetic Variation; D006790:Host-Parasite Interactions; D006801:Humans; D008425:Maternal Behavior; D019964:Mood Disorders / Q000235:genetics* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D011618:Psychotic Disorders / Q000235:genetics* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D012641:Selection, Genetic; D012701:Serotonin / Q000502:physiology; D012919:Social Behavior; D013559:Symbiosis; D009435:Synaptic Transmission
chemical_list: D012701:Serotonin; D004298:Dopamine
keywords: Epigenetic; Homophily; Maternal care; Monoamine; Neurodevelopment; Psychiatric disorder; Social hierarchy; Symbiosis