title: Pharmacogenetics of ribavirin-induced anemia in HCV patients.
abstract: Dual therapy (pegylated interferon plus ribavirin) was considered the standard of care for hepatitis C virus (HCV) treatment until 2011, when the first-wave direct-acting antivirals were added to this regimen for HCV genotype-1 patients to increase the sustained virological response rate. The second-wave direct-acting antivirals entered the clinical use also in some ribavirin (RBV)- and/or interferon-free combinations. Nevertheless, since some of the new therapeutic regimens also include RBV and its use results still associated with hemolytic anemia, this requires countermeasures to be prevented. These include the identification of several host predictive factors involved in RBV absorption, distribution, metabolism, elimination and many others that might influence this toxic effect. For this reason, we provided an overview of the potential role of pharmacogenomics in predisposing RBV-treated HCV patients to anemia.
authors.affiliation: Unit of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medical Sciences, Amedeo di Savoia Hospital, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: D'Avolio
authors.affiliation: Unit of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medical Sciences, Amedeo di Savoia Hospital, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.
authors.forename: Jessica
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cusato
authors.affiliation: Unit of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medical Sciences, Amedeo di Savoia Hospital, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.
authors.forename: Amedeo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: De Nicolò
authors.affiliation: Unit of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medical Sciences, Amedeo di Savoia Hospital, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Allegra
authors.affiliation: Unit of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medical Sciences, Amedeo di Savoia Hospital, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Di Perri
mesh_terms: D000743:Anemia, Hemolytic / Q000139:chemically induced*; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016903:Drug Monitoring; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D019698:Hepatitis C, Chronic / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000821:virology; D006801:Humans; D010597:Pharmacogenetics; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D011755:Pyrophosphatases / Q000235:genetics; D012254:Ribavirin / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000097630:Inosine Triphosphatase
chemical_list: D000998:Antiviral Agents; D011755:Pyrophosphatases; D012254:Ribavirin; C511829:ITPA protein, human; D000097630:Inosine Triphosphatase
keywords: HCV; ITPA; SNP; chronic hepatitis C; direct-acting antivirals; dual therapy; hemolytic anemia; pharmacogenomics; therapeutic drug monitoring; vitamin D