title: A new structural relaxation pathway of low-density amorphous ice.
abstract: Low-density amorphous (LDA) ice is involved in critical cosmological processes and has gained prominence as one of the at least two distinct amorphous forms of ice. Despite these accolades, we still have an incomplete understanding of the structural diversity that is encompassed within the LDA state and the dynamic processes that take place upon heating LDA. Heating the high-pressure ice VIII phase at ambient pressure is a remarkable example of temperature-induced amorphisation yielding LDA. We investigate this process in detail using X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy and show that the LDA obtained from ice VIII is structurally different from the more "traditional" states of LDA which are approached upon thermal annealing. This new structural relaxation pathway involves an increase of structural order on the intermediate range length scale. In contrast with other LDA materials the local structure is more ordered initially and becomes slightly more disordered upon annealing. We also show that the cascade of phase transitions upon heating ice VIII at ambient pressure includes the formation of ice IX which may be connected with the structural peculiarities of LDA from ice VIII. Overall, this study shows that LDA is a structurally more diverse material than previously appreciated.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Jacob J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Shephard
authors.affiliation: IMPMC, CNRS UMR7590, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 4 Place Jussieu, 75252 Paris, France.
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Klotz
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vickers
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Christoph G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Salzmann