title: Neodymium-Doped Yttrium Aluminium Garnet Laser Treatment of Pediatric Venous Malformation in the Oral Cavity.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Treatment of venous malformations in the orofacial region remains a challenge. Laser therapy is an alternative treatment in inoperable cases.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To retrospectively evaluate the effectiveness and complications associated with neodymium-doped yttrium aluminium garnet (Nd:YAG) laser treatment of oral venous malformations.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 10 children (mean age: 7.3 years; range: 10 months-15 years) with oral venous malformation were treated with Nd:YAG laser during 2005 to 2013. Clinical improvement, including degree of color lightening and size reduction, and treatment complications, including dyspigmentation, textural change, and scarring were evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Color clearing of 51% to 75% and >75% was seen in 25% and 45% of patients, respectively. Size reduction of 25% to 50%, 51% to 75%, and >75% was observed in 30%, 15%, and 45% of patients, respectively. Mild and moderate scarring was observed in 15% and 5% of cases, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Nd:YAG laser is a promising alternative treatment in pediatric patients with inoperable venous malformations in the oral cavity. Mild to moderate scarring was the most common complication.
authors.affiliation: *Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; †Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
authors.forename: Akkrapol
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mungnirandr
authors.forename: Wasun
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Nuntasunti
authors.forename: Woraphong
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Manuskiatti
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D053844:Lasers, Solid-State / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008046:Lip / Q000098:blood supply / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014059:Tongue / Q000098:blood supply / Q000601:surgery; D054079:Vascular Malformations / Q000601:surgery*; D014680:Veins / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000601:surgery