title: Female specialists in intensive care medicine: job satisfaction, challenges and work-life balance.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Women are under-represented in the intensive care medicine (ICM) specialist workforce. I aimed to better understand the challenges these women face so they can be considered in the training and support of ICM specialists.
  
  
  METHODS
  All female Fellows of the College of Intensive Care Medicine (CICM) of Australia and New Zealand were surveyed using an online questionnaire. The study was approved by the Cabrini Human Research Ethics Committee. Thirty respondents with children volunteered to complete a second questionnaire.
  
  
  METHODS
  I surveyed demographic and workforce data and women's experiences in the ICM specialist workforce in the first survey, and experiences with child-rearing in the second survey.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The response rate was 80.3% (127/158). The median age bracket was 40-45 years, and 118 respondents were practising ICM, 85 full-time in a tertiary intensive care unit. Eighteen were ICU directors and 23 were CICM-appointed supervisors of training. Sixty-five women were mothers, and 70% returned to full-time work after their maternity leave. Child care was most commonly undertaken by family members or a nanny. Overall, 81% were satisfied with their experiences, but 37% felt they had been disadvantaged because of their sex. Fewer women with leadership roles felt disadvantaged. Their major challenges included the on-call work affecting child-rearing and family life, sexism in the workplace and difficulties with academic advancement.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The participation and satisfaction rates of women working in the ICM specialist workforce are encouraging. Although challenges exist, women contemplating a career in ICM should see it as achievable and rewarding.
authors.affiliation: College of Intensive Care Medicine of Australia and New Zealand, Melbourne, VIC, Australia. felicityh@cicm.org.au.
authors.forename: Felicity H
authors.initials: FH
authors.lastname: Hawker
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D001315:Australia; D003422:Critical Care; D004651:Employment / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007588:Job Satisfaction; D008875:Middle Aged; D009520:New Zealand; D013038:Specialization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D000078329:Workforce; D016526:Workload / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data