title: The pathological features of ectopic lymphoid neogenesis in idiopathic dacryoadenitis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Lymphoid neogenesis has been reported in various diseases but not in idiopathic dacryoadenitis. The aim of this paper is to discuss the pathological features of lymphoid neogenesis in idiopathic dacryoadenitis.
  
  
  METHODS
  20 cases of idiopathic dacryoadenitis were collected retrospectively. Lymphoid neogenesis was graded by lymphocytic aggregates and germinal center-like structure formation. T and B cell compartmentalization, follicular dendritic cells and the expression of CXCL13 and CCL21 were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Grade 1 lymphoid neogenesis was observed in 10 of 20 cases (50 %), grade 2 in 18 of 20 cases (90 %) and grade 3 in 14 of 20 (70 %). The existence of T and B cell compartmentalization and follicular dendritic cells increased in parallel to the grade of lymphoid neogenesis. The expression of CXCL13 significantly increased in the higher grade of lymphoid neogenesis, but no correlation was found between CCL21 and grades of lymphoid neogenesis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ectopic lymphoid neogenesis participates in the pathogenesis of idiopathic dacryoadenitis and appears as a dynamic process.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.|Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Fudan University, Fenyang Road No. 83, Shanghai, 200031, China.
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. qianjiang58@163.com.|Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Fudan University, Fenyang Road No. 83, Shanghai, 200031, China. qianjiang58@163.com.
authors.forename: Jiang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Qian
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.|Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Fudan University, Fenyang Road No. 83, Shanghai, 200031, China.
authors.forename: Rui
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000473:pathology; D054421:Chemokine CCL21 / Q000378:metabolism; D054382:Chemokine CXCL13 / Q000378:metabolism; D003607:Dacryocystitis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D003712:Dendrites / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007765:Lacrimal Apparatus / Q000473:pathology; D042583:Lymphangiogenesis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000473:pathology; D000072717:Tertiary Lymphoid Structures / Q000473:pathology*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: C515478:CCL21 protein, human; C110663:CXCL13 protein, human; D054421:Chemokine CCL21; D054382:Chemokine CXCL13
keywords: CCL21; CXCL 13; Ectopic lymphoid neogenesis; Follicular dendritic cells; Idiopathic dacryoadenitis