title: Upper Airway Resistance Syndrome Patients Have Worse Sleep Quality Compared to Mild Obstructive Sleep Apnea.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare sleep quality and sustained attention of patients with Upper Airway Resistance Syndrome (UARS), mild Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) and normal individuals.
  
  
  METHODS
  UARS criteria were presence of excessive daytime sleepiness (Epworth Sleepiness Scale-ESS-≥ 10) and/or fatigue (Modified Fatigue Impact Scale-MFIS-≥ 38) associated to Apnea/hypopnea index (AHI) ≤ 5 and Respiratory Disturbance Index (RDI) > 5 events/hour of sleep or more than 30% of total sleep time with flow limitation. Mild OSA was considered if the presence of excessive daytime sleepiness (ESS ≥ 10) and/or fatigue (MFIS ≥ 38) associated to AHI ≥ 5 and ≤ 15 events/hour. "Control group" criteria were AHI < 5 events/hour and RDI ≤ 5 events/hour and ESS ≤ 9, without any sleep, clinical, neurological or psychiatric disorder. 115 individuals (34 UARS and 47 mild OSA patients and 34 individuals in "control group"), adjusted for age, gender, body mass index (BMI) and schooling years, performed sleep questionnaires and sustained attention evaluation. Psychomotor Vigilance Task (PVT) was performed five times (each two hours) from 8 a.m. to 4 p.m.
  
  
  RESULTS
  UARS patients had worse sleep quality (Functional Outcomes of Sleep Questionnaire-FOSQ-and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index-PSQI: p < 0.05) and more fatigue than mild OSA patients (p = 0.003) and scored significantly higher in both Beck inventories than "control group" (p < 0.02). UARS patients had more lapses early in the morning (in time 1) compared to the results in the afternoon (time 5) than mild OSA (p = 0.02). Mild OSA patients had more lapses in times 2 than in time 5 compared to "control group" (p = 0.04).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  UARS patients have a worse sleep quality, more fatigue and a worse early morning sustained attention compared to mild OSA. These last had a worse sustained attention than controls.
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Departamento de Psicobiologia, São Paulo, Brasil.
authors.forename: Luciana Balester Mello
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: de Godoy
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Departamento de Psicobiologia, São Paulo, Brasil.
authors.forename: Gabriela Pontes
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Luz
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Departamento de Psicobiologia, São Paulo, Brasil.
authors.forename: Luciana Oliveira
authors.initials: LO
authors.lastname: Palombini
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Departamento de Psicobiologia, São Paulo, Brasil.
authors.forename: Luciana Oliveira
authors.initials: LO
authors.lastname: E Silva
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Departamento de Psicobiologia, São Paulo, Brasil.
authors.forename: Wilson
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Hoshino
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Departamento de Psicobiologia, São Paulo, Brasil.
authors.forename: Thaís Moura
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Guimarães
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Departamento de Psicobiologia, São Paulo, Brasil.
authors.forename: Sergio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tufik
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Departamento de Psicobiologia, São Paulo, Brasil.
authors.forename: Lia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bittencourt
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Departamento de Psicobiologia, São Paulo, Brasil.
authors.forename: Sonia Maria
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Togeiro
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000403:Airway Resistance; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017286:Polysomnography; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012890:Sleep / Q000502:physiology*; D020181:Sleep Apnea, Obstructive / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014851:Wakefulness / Q000502:physiology*