title: Enzyme Biosensors for Biomedical Applications: Strategies for Safeguarding Analytical Performances in Biological Fluids.
abstract: Enzyme-based chemical biosensors are based on biological recognition. In order to operate, the enzymes must be available to catalyze a specific biochemical reaction and be stable under the normal operating conditions of the biosensor. Design of biosensors is based on knowledge about the target analyte, as well as the complexity of the matrix in which the analyte has to be quantified. This article reviews the problems resulting from the interaction of enzyme-based amperometric biosensors with complex biological matrices containing the target analyte(s). One of the most challenging disadvantages of amperometric enzyme-based biosensor detection is signal reduction from fouling agents and interference from chemicals present in the sample matrix. This article, therefore, investigates the principles of functioning of enzymatic biosensors, their analytical performance over time and the strategies used to optimize their performance. Moreover, the composition of biological fluids as a function of their interaction with biosensing will be presented.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Medical School, University of Sassari, Viale S. Pietro 43/b, Sassari 07100, Italy. grocchitta@uniss.it.
authors.forename: Gaia
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rocchitta
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Medical School, University of Sassari, Viale S. Pietro 43/b, Sassari 07100, Italy. angela.spanu@email.it.
authors.forename: Angela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Spanu
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Medical School, University of Sassari, Viale S. Pietro 43/b, Sassari 07100, Italy. babuder@uniss.it.
authors.forename: Sergio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Babudieri
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Medical School, University of Sassari, Viale S. Pietro 43/b, Sassari 07100, Italy. avi@live.it.
authors.forename: Gavinella
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Latte
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Medical School, University of Sassari, Viale S. Pietro 43/b, Sassari 07100, Italy. giordano@uniss.it.
authors.forename: Giordano
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Madeddu
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Medical School, University of Sassari, Viale S. Pietro 43/b, Sassari 07100, Italy. graziagalleri@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Grazia
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Galleri
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Medical School, University of Sassari, Viale S. Pietro 43/b, Sassari 07100, Italy. snuvoli@uniss.it.
authors.forename: Susanna
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nuvoli
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Medical School, University of Sassari, Viale S. Pietro 43/b, Sassari 07100, Italy. paola.bagella@tiscali.it.
authors.forename: Paola
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bagella
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Medical School, University of Sassari, Viale S. Pietro 43/b, Sassari 07100, Italy. mardemartis@uniss.it.
authors.forename: Maria Ilaria
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Demartis
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Medical School, University of Sassari, Viale S. Pietro 43/b, Sassari 07100, Italy. vitofiore30010516@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Vito
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Fiore
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Medical School, University of Sassari, Viale S. Pietro 43/b, Sassari 07100, Italy. rmanetti@uniss.it.
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Manetti
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Medical School, University of Sassari, Viale S. Pietro 43/b, Sassari 07100, Italy. paserra@uniss.it.
authors.forename: Pier Andrea
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Serra
mesh_terms: D015374:Biosensing Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D001826:Body Fluids / Q000737:chemistry; D004798:Enzymes / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D004798:Enzymes
keywords: amperometry; biological fluids; biomedical applications; biosensor; interferents