title: Regulation of polar auxin transport by protein and lipid kinases.
abstract: The directional transport of auxin, known as polar auxin transport (PAT), allows asymmetric distribution of this hormone in different cells and tissues. This system creates local auxin maxima, minima, and gradients that are instrumental in both organ initiation and shape determination. As such, PAT is crucial for all aspects of plant development but also for environmental interaction, notably in shaping plant architecture to its environment. Cell to cell auxin transport is mediated by a network of auxin carriers that are regulated at the transcriptional and post-translational levels. Here we review our current knowledge on some aspects of the 'non-genomic' regulation of auxin transport, placing an emphasis on how phosphorylation by protein and lipid kinases controls the polarity, intracellular trafficking, stability, and activity of auxin carriers. We describe the role of several AGC kinases, including PINOID, D6PK, and the blue light photoreceptor phot1, in phosphorylating auxin carriers from the PIN and ABCB families. We also highlight the function of some receptor-like kinases (RLKs) and two-component histidine kinase receptors in PAT, noting that there are probably RLKs involved in co-ordinating auxin distribution yet to be discovered. In addition, we describe the emerging role of phospholipid phosphorylation in polarity establishment and intracellular trafficking of PIN proteins. We outline these various phosphorylation mechanisms in the context of primary and lateral root development, leaf cell shape acquisition, as well as root gravitropism and shoot phototropism.
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Univ Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, CNRS, INRA, F-69342, Lyon, France.
authors.forename: Laia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Armengot
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Univ Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, CNRS, INRA, F-69342, Lyon, France.
authors.forename: Maria Mar
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Marquès-Bueno
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Univ Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, CNRS, INRA, F-69342, Lyon, France.
authors.forename: Yvon
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Jaillais
mesh_terms: D001692:Biological Transport / Q000502:physiology; D019521:Body Patterning / Q000502:physiology; D007210:Indoleacetic Acids / Q000378:metabolism*; D008055:Lipids / Q000502:physiology; D010766:Phosphorylation; D010770:Phosphotransferases / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D063245:Plant Development / Q000502:physiology; D010937:Plant Growth Regulators / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D011494:Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D007210:Indoleacetic Acids; D008055:Lipids; D010937:Plant Growth Regulators; D010770:Phosphotransferases; D011494:Protein Kinases
keywords: Arabidopsis; auxin; cytokinin; endocytosis; gravitropism; intracellular trafficking; kinase; phosphoinositide; phototropism; polarity; receptor-like kinase.; root