title: Environmental Health and Long Non-coding RNAs.
abstract: An individual's risk of developing a common disease typically depends on an interaction of genetic and environmental factors. Epigenetic research is uncovering novel ways through which environmental factors such as diet, air pollution, and chemical exposure can affect our genes. DNA methylation and histone modifications are the most commonly studied epigenetic mechanisms. The role of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in epigenetic processes has been more recently highlighted. LncRNAs are defined as transcribed RNA molecules greater than 200 nucleotides in length with little or no protein-coding capability. While few functional lncRNAs have been well characterized to date, they have been demonstrated to control gene regulation at every level, including transcriptional gene silencing via regulation of the chromatin structure and DNA methylation. This review aims to provide a general overview of lncRNA function with a focus on their role as key regulators of health and disease and as biomarkers of environmental exposure.
authors.affiliation: Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 171 76, Stockholm, Sweden. Oskar.Karlsson@ki.se.|Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA. Oskar.Karlsson@ki.se.
authors.forename: Oskar
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Karlsson
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
authors.forename: Andrea A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Baccarelli
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004782:Environmental Health; D044127:Epigenesis, Genetic; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D062085:RNA, Long Noncoding / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D062085:RNA, Long Noncoding
keywords: Chemicals; Disease; Epigenetics; LncRNA; Smoking; Toxicology