title: Comparison of 2-Dose and 3-Dose 9-Valent Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Schedules in the United States: A Cost-effectiveness Analysis.
abstract: A recent clinical trial using the 9-valent human papillomavirus virus (HPV) vaccine has shown that antibody responses after 2 doses are noninferior to those after 3 doses, suggesting that 2 and 3 doses may have comparable vaccine efficacy. We used an individual-based transmission-dynamic model to compare the population-level effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of 2- and 3-dose schedules of 9-valent HPV vaccine in the United States. Our model predicts that if 2 doses of 9-valent vaccine protect for ≥20 years, the additional benefits of a 3-dose schedule are small as compared to those of 2-dose schedules, and 2-dose schedules are likely much more cost-efficient than 3-dose schedules.
authors.affiliation: Axe Santé des populations et pratiques optimales en santé, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, Canada.
authors.forename: Jean-François
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Laprise
authors.affiliation: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.
authors.forename: Lauri E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Markowitz
authors.affiliation: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.
authors.forename: Harrell W
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Chesson
authors.affiliation: Axe Santé des populations et pratiques optimales en santé, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, Canada.
authors.forename: Mélanie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Drolet
authors.affiliation: Axe Santé des populations et pratiques optimales en santé, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, Canada Département de médecine sociale et préventive, Université Laval, Québec, Canada Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Brisson
mesh_terms: D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D006801:Humans; D007115:Immunization Schedule; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections / Q000517:prevention & control*; D053918:Papillomavirus Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000276:immunology*; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D053918:Papillomavirus Vaccines
keywords: HPV vaccination; cost-effectiveness; human papillomavirus (HPV); transmission-dynamic modeling