title: Injectable thermosensitive gelling delivery system for the sustained release of lidocaine.
abstract: Patients undergoing arthroplasty require appropriate postsurgical pain relief. Analgesia is typically achieved through bolus doses of short-acting local anesthetics and with oral analgesics such as opiates, which are associated with systemic side effects. By formulating an injectable thermosensitive gelling system containing lidocaine, sustained and local delivery can be achieved following a single administration.
  
  
  
  Poloxamer-based thermosensitive gelling formulations were prepared. Altering the weight ratios of poloxamers affected the sol-to-gel transition temperature, mechanical and rheological properties and in vitro drug release. Desirable formulations gelled between 28 and 33°C providing sustained release of lidocaine over 48 h.
  
  
  
  Thermosensitive gelling systems are promising for sustained drug release following patient administration and may be beneficial in addressing postoperative pain.
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical & Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Darren
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Svirskis
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical & Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Kaushik
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Chandramouli
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical & Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Prabhat
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bhusal
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical & Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Zimei
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical & Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Jolyene
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Alphonso
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical & Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Joyce
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chow
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical & Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Divya
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical & Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Riddhi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ramakrishna
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical & Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Seung J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Yeo
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, South Auckland Clinical Campus, Middlemore Hospital, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, University of Auckland, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Renus
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Stowers
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, South Auckland Clinical Campus, Middlemore Hospital, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, University of Auckland, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hill
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, Faculty of Medical & Health Sciences, University of Auckland, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Jacob
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Munro
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, Faculty of Medical & Health Sciences, University of Auckland, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Simon W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Young
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical & Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Manisha
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sharma
mesh_terms: D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D065546:Drug Liberation; D005782:Gels / Q000737:chemistry*; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000737:chemistry*; D020442:Poloxamer / Q000737:chemistry*; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D005782:Gels; D020442:Poloxamer; D008012:Lidocaine
keywords: arthroplasty; in situ gelling system; poloxamers; sol–gel transition; surgery; sustained release; thermoreversible; thermosensitive; total joint replacement