title: Transmission and pathogenicity of novel reassortants derived from Eurasian avian-like and 2009 pandemic H1N1 influenza viruses in mice and guinea pigs.
abstract: Given the present extensive co-circulation in pigs of Eurasian avian-like (EA) swine H1N1 and 2009 pandemic (pdm/09) H1N1 viruses, reassortment between them is highly plausible but largely uncharacterized. Here, experimentally co-infected pigs with a representative EA virus and a pdm/09 virus yielded 55 novel reassortant viruses that could be categorized into 17 genotypes from Gt1 to Gt17 based on segment segregation. Majority of novel reassortants were isolated from the lower respiratory tract. Most of reassortant viruses were more pathogenic and contagious than the parental EA viruses in mice and guinea pigs. The most transmissible reassortant genotypes demonstrated in guinea pigs (Gt2, Gt3, Gt7, Gt10 and Gt13) were also the most lethal in mice. Notably, nearly all these highly virulent reassortants (all except Gt13) were characterized with possession of EA H1 and full complement of pdm/09 ribonucleoprotein genes. Compositionally, we demonstrated that EA H1-222G contributed to virulence by its ability to bind avian-type sialic acid receptors, and that pdm/09 RNP conferred the most robust polymerase activity to reassortants. The present study revealed high reassortment compatibility between EA and pdm/09 viruses in pigs, which could give rise to progeny reassortant viruses with enhanced virulence and transmissibility in mice and guinea pig models.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
authors.forename: Weili
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Kong
authors.affiliation: Department of Avian Infectious Disease, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, Innovation Team for Pathogen Ecology Research on Animal Influenza Virus, Shanghai 200241 China.
authors.forename: Qinfang
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
authors.forename: Yipeng
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
authors.forename: Huijie
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
authors.forename: Lirong
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
authors.forename: Zhihua
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Qin
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
authors.forename: Qiming
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
authors.forename: Honglei
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pu
authors.affiliation: National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Beijing 102206, China.
authors.forename: Dayan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
authors.forename: Hanchun
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, LE12 5RD, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Kin-Chow
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Beijing 102206, China.
authors.forename: Yuelong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
authors.forename: Jinhua
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001717:Birds; D060085:Coinfection / Q000821:virology; D004285:Dogs; D005260:Female; D005814:Genes, Viral; D005838:Genotype; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D057809:HEK293 Cells; D019267:Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D006824:Hybridization, Genetic; D053118:Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype / Q000235:genetics* / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D007252:Influenza Vaccines / Q000276:immunology; D005585:Influenza in Birds / Q000821:virology; D007251:Influenza, Human / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000635:transmission* / Q000821:virology; D061985:Madin Darby Canine Kidney Cells; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D058873:Pandemics; D011485:Protein Binding; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000737:chemistry; D012137:Respiratory System / Q000821:virology; D034421:Sus scrofa; D014774:Virulence; D014779:Virus Replication
chemical_list: C543345:H1N1 virus hemagglutinin; D019267:Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus; D007252:Influenza Vaccines; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; C092488:sialic acid receptor