title: Using default methodologies to derive an acceptable daily exposure (ADE).
abstract: This manuscript discusses the different historical and more recent default approaches that have been used to derive an acceptable daily exposure (ADE). While it is preferable to derive a health-based ADE based on a complete nonclinical and clinical data package, this is not always possible. For instance, for drug candidates in early development there may be no or limited nonclinical or clinical trial data. Alternative approaches that can support decision making with less complete data packages represent a variety of methods that rely on default assumptions or data inputs where chemical-specific data on health effects are lacking. A variety of default approaches are used including those based on certain toxicity estimates, a fraction of the therapeutic dose, cleaning-based limits, the threshold of toxicological concern (TTC), and application of hazard banding tools such as occupational exposure banding (OEB). Each of these default approaches is discussed in this manuscript, including their derivation, application, strengths, and limitations. In order to ensure patient safety when faced with toxicological and clinical data-gaps, default ADE methods should be purposefully as or more protective than ADEs derived from full data packages. Reliance on the subset of default approaches (e.g., TTC or OEB) that are based on toxicological data is preferred over other methods for establishing ADEs in early development while toxicology and clinical data are still being collected.
authors.affiliation: Janssen Pharmaceutical Company, an Affiliate of Johnson & Johnson, United States. Electronic address: efaria1@its.jnj.com.
authors.forename: Ellen C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Faria
authors.affiliation: Gilead Sciences, Inc., United States.
authors.forename: Joel P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Bercu
authors.affiliation: Amgen Inc., United States.
authors.forename: David G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Dolan
authors.affiliation: Genentech, Inc., United States.
authors.forename: Eric J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Morinello
authors.affiliation: University of Cincinnati, United States.
authors.forename: Alison M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Pecquet
authors.affiliation: GlaxoSmithKline, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Seaman
authors.affiliation: Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Germany.
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sehner
authors.affiliation: Genentech, Inc., United States.
authors.forename: Patricia A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Weideman
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004345:Drug Industry / Q000266:history / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence / Q000592:standards; D017408:Guidelines as Topic; D006291:Health Policy; D049673:History, 20th Century; D049674:History, 21st Century; D006801:Humans; D007928:Lethal Dose 50; D019055:No-Observed-Adverse-Effect Level; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000592:standards; D016272:Occupational Health / Q000266:history / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence / Q000592:standards; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations / Q000145:classification / Q000266:history / Q000592:standards; D011050:Policy Making; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D018570:Risk Assessment; D018675:Toxicity Tests / Q000266:history / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards
chemical_list: D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations
keywords: Acceptable daily exposure (ADE); Cleaning; Cross-contamination; Default; Median lethal dose (LD(50)); Occupational exposure band (OEB); Permitted daily exposure (PDE); Therapeutic dose (TD); Threshold of toxicological concern (TTC)