title: Nanostructured injectable cell microcarriers for tissue regeneration.
abstract: Biodegradable polymer microspheres have emerged as cell carriers for the regeneration and repair of irregularly shaped tissue defects due to their injectability, controllable biodegradability and capacity for drug incorporation and release. Notably, recent advances in nanotechnology allowed the manipulation of the physical and chemical properties of the microspheres at the nanoscale, creating nanostructured microspheres mimicking the composition and/or structure of natural extracellular matrix. These nanostructured microspheres, including nanocomposite microspheres and nanofibrous microspheres, have been employed as cell carriers for tissue regeneration. They enhance cell attachment and proliferation, promote positive cell-carrier interactions and facilitate stem cell differentiation for target tissue regeneration. This review highlights the recent advances in nanostructured microspheres that are employed as injectable, biomimetic and cell-instructive cell carriers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1078, USA.
authors.forename: Zhanpeng
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Biologic & Materials Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1078, USA.
authors.forename: Thomas W
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Eyster
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1078, USA.|Department of Biologic & Materials Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1078, USA.|Macromolecular Science & Engineering Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1078, USA.|Materials Science & Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1078, USA.
authors.forename: Peter X
authors.initials: PX
authors.lastname: Ma
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use; D040761:Biomimetic Materials / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018914:Cells, Immobilized / Q000166:cytology; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007267:Injections; D008863:Microspheres; D057139:Nanofibers / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use / Q000648:ultrastructure; D050997:Nanomedicine / Q000379:methods; D049329:Nanostructures / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000627:therapeutic use* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D036103:Nanotechnology / Q000379:methods; D012038:Regeneration; D044968:Regenerative Medicine / Q000379:methods*; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials
keywords: cell carriers; injectable; nanocomposite; nanofiber; porous; stem cell; tissue regeneration