title: Correlation between Helicobacter pylori infection and polymorphism of adiponectin gene promoter -11391G/A, superoxide dismutase gene in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the correlation between Helicobacter pylori (H. Pylori) infection and polymorphism of adiponectin gene promoter -11391G/A, extracellular superoxide dismutase (EC-SOD) gene in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).
  
  
  METHODS
  From June, 2010 to July, 2014, a hospital-based 1:1 matched case-control study was carried out, with 600 cases of NAFLD and 600 healthy people in the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University. The genetic polymorphisms of adiponectin gene promoter -11391G/A and EC-SOD were analyzed by polymorphism-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique in peripheral blood leukocytes of the subjects. 14C-urea breath test (14C-UBT) was used to test 14C disntegration per minute (DPM) for evaluating the infections status of H. Pylori. The synergistic effect between the two mutants and the gene-environment interaction of the genotypes with H. Pylori infection were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The frequencies of -11391G/A (AA) and EC-SOD (CG+GG) were 50.67% and 50.33% in NAFLD cases, 23.83% and 24.17% in healthy controls, respectively. Statistical tests showed significantly higher frequencies of -11391G/A (AA) and EC-SOD (CG+GG) in the NAFLD group (-11391G/A: P=0.0051; EC-SOD: P=0.0057). The risk of NAFLD with -11391G/A (AA) was significantly higher than those with -11391G/A(GG+GA) (OR=3.2822, 95% CI 1.9170 to 5.2039). The individuals who carried EC-SOD (CG+GG) had a high risk of NAFLD (OR=3.1800, 95% CI 1.7974 to 5.2391). Combined analysis of the polymorphisms showed that percentage of -11391G/A (AA)/EC-SOD (CG+GG) in the NAFLD group was significantly higher than that in the control groups (25.50% vs 5.83%, P=0.0039). The people who carried with -11391G/A (AA)/EC-SOD (CG+GG) had a high risk of NAFLD (OR=10.3190, 95% CI 8.1869 to 20.5102). The H. Pylori infection rate in the NAFLD group was significantly higher than that in the control group (OR=3.1667, 95% CI 1.9139 to 5.7443, P=0.0062), and statistical analysis suggested a positive correlation between H. Pylori infection and NAFLD with -11391G/A (AA) and EC-SOD (CG+GG) (-11391G/A: γ=1.8532; EC-SOD: γ=1.7899).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These carriers of -11391G/A(AA) and EC-SOD (CG+GG) genotypes may have a high risk of NAFLD, and the gene genotypes can interact with H. Pylori infection in the pathogenesis of NAFLD. Therefore, effective prevention measures for NAFLD should consider eradicating H. Pylori or regulating gene expression.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui Henan 453100, China.
authors.forename: Chaoxian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui Henan 453100, China.
authors.forename: Like
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui Henan 453100, China.
authors.forename: Yongmei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Qin
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui Henan 453100, China.
authors.forename: Guangyan
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D052242:Adiponectin / Q000235:genetics*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D059647:Gene-Environment Interaction; D005838:Genotype; D016481:Helicobacter Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000235:genetics*; D016480:Helicobacter pylori; D006801:Humans; D065626:Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease / Q000150:complications / Q000235:genetics*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D012307:Risk Factors; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: C499918:ADIPOQ protein, human; D052242:Adiponectin; C441642:SOD3 protein, human; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase