title: Visual Outcomes, Patient Satisfaction and Spectacle Independence with a Trifocal Diffractive Intraocular Lens.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate visual outcomes following implantation of a trifocal diffractive intraocular lens (IOL) and to analyze their correlation with patient satisfaction and ease of performing daily tasks.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a prospective study enrolling 100 eyes of 50 patients undergoing cataract surgery with implantation of trifocal IOL AT LISA tri 839MP. Visual and refractive outcomes were evaluated during a 3-month follow-up. Postoperatively, a questionnaire was used to evaluate patient satisfaction with regard to surgical outcome, spectacle independence, perception of photic phenomena, and ease of performing some vision-related activities.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 91%, 87%, and 79% of eyes achieved a monocular uncorrected distance, near, and intermediate visual acuity of 0.1 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution or better, respectively. After the surgery, 96% of the patients could perform their daily activities without problems. The mean spectacle independence scores for reading, doing computer work, and for distance were 10.33 ± 12.47, 5.71 ± 11.90, and 3.92 ± 9.77, respectively (scale: 0 = no spectacles needed; 40 = spectacles always needed). No correlation was found between spectacle independence and visual outcome (-0.101 ≤ r ≤ 0.244, p ≥ 0.087). Mean scores (0 = no symptoms; 40 = strong symptoms) for glare at night, ghost images, and halos were 15.15 ± 12.02, 4.49 ± 7.92, and 13.34 ± 10.82, respectively. No correlation was found between photic phenomena and visual outcome (-0.199 ≤ r ≤ 0.209, p ≥ 0.150). A total of 80% of patients reported satisfaction with the surgery outcome, and 86% would recommend the surgery to friends and family.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Implantation of the AT LISA tri 839MP IOL after cataract surgery provides effective visual restoration associated with a minimal level of photic phenomena, a positive impact on the performance of vision-related daily activities, and a high level of postoperative patient satisfaction.
authors.affiliation: International Vision Correction and Research Centre (IVCRC) & David J Apple International Laboratory of Ocular Pathology, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.; International Vision Correction Research Network (IVCRC.net), Heidelberg, Germany.; Augenklinik Ahaus-Raesfeld-Rheine, Gerl Group, Ahaus, Germany.
authors.forename: Florian Tobias Alwin
authors.initials: FT
authors.lastname: Kretz
authors.affiliation: International Vision Correction and Research Centre (IVCRC) & David J Apple International Laboratory of Ocular Pathology, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.; Department of Ophthalmology, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Chul Young
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: International Vision Correction Research Network (IVCRC.net), Heidelberg, Germany.; Augenklinik Ahaus-Raesfeld-Rheine, Gerl Group, Ahaus, Germany.
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Müller
authors.affiliation: International Vision Correction Research Network (IVCRC.net), Heidelberg, Germany.; Augenklinik Ahaus-Raesfeld-Rheine, Gerl Group, Ahaus, Germany.
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gerl
authors.affiliation: International Vision Correction Research Network (IVCRC.net), Heidelberg, Germany.; Augenklinik Ahaus-Raesfeld-Rheine, Gerl Group, Ahaus, Germany.
authors.forename: Ralf Helmar
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Gerl
authors.affiliation: International Vision Correction and Research Centre (IVCRC) & David J Apple International Laboratory of Ocular Pathology, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.; International Vision Correction Research Network (IVCRC.net), Heidelberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Gerd Uwe
authors.initials: GU
authors.lastname: Auffarth
mesh_terms: D002387:Cataract Extraction / Q000379:methods*; D005139:Eyeglasses; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D019654:Lens Implantation, Intraocular / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D054120:Phakic Intraocular Lenses; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011474:Prosthesis Design; D019591:Pseudophakia / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012029:Refraction, Ocular / Q000502:physiology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014792:Visual Acuity
keywords: Cataract; Presbyopia; Surveys and questionnaire