title: The level of netrin-1 is decreased in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Pancreatic β-cell dysfunction resulting from inflammation has been recognized to contribute to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Netrin-1 is a new indicator of subclinical inflammation and it has a role in β-cell apoptosis. This study evaluated the level of netrin-1 in newly diagnosed T2DM patients and explored whether netrin-1 is a reliable marker or a key factor in the development of T2DM.
  
  
  METHODS
  Netrin-1 level was determined using a commercially available human enzyme-linked immune sorbent assay (ELISA) kit. The homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was used as an index to measure insulin resistance. The sample consisted of 30 patients with newly diagnosed T2DM who had a glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) level ranging from 7.5 % (58 mmol/mol) to 10.5 % (91 mmol/mol). The control group consisted of 26 healthy individuals matched for age and body mass index.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The netrin-1 level of T2DM patients was significantly lower than that of healthy controls (p < 0.01). Logistic regression analysis showed that the level of netrin-1 was negatively correlated with HOMA-IR, fasting blood glucose, postprandial blood glucose, fasting insulin and HbA1c.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Plasma netrin-1 levels were decreased in patients with newly diagnosed T2DM, and the levels of netrin-1 were negatively associated with IR and glucose homeostasis. Future studies on the precise mechanism will offer new insights into the prevention and treatment of T2DM.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 68 Changle Road, Qinhuai District, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210006, China.
authors.forename: Chenxiao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.
authors.forename: Xianjin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Ke
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 68 Changle Road, Qinhuai District, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210006, China.
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 68 Changle Road, Qinhuai District, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210006, China.
authors.forename: Xiu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 68 Changle Road, Qinhuai District, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210006, China.
authors.forename: Qi
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 68 Changle Road, Qinhuai District, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210006, China.
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 68 Changle Road, Qinhuai District, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210006, China.
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 68 Changle Road, Qinhuai District, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210006, China. shygu@njmu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Qian
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001786:Blood Glucose; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D006706:Homeostasis; D006801:Humans; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors / Q000097:blood*; D000075388:Netrin-1; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D001786:Blood Glucose; C000617351:NTN1 protein, human; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins; D000075388:Netrin-1; D005947:Glucose
keywords: Inflammation; Insulin resistance; Mechanism; Netrin-1; Type 2 diabetes mellitus