title: Is there any association between National Institute of Health category IV prostatitis and prostate-specific antigen levels in patients with low-risk localized prostate cancer?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We investigated the association between National Institute of Health category IV prostatitis and prostate-specific antigen levels in patients with low-risk localized prostate cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  The data of 440 patients who had undergone prostate biopsies due to high PSA levels and suspicious digital rectal examination findings were reviewed retrospectively. The patients were divided into two groups based on the presence of accompanying NIH IV prostatitis. The exclusion criteria were as follows: Gleason score>6, PSA level>20ng/mL, >2 positive cores, >50% cancerous tissue per biopsy, urinary tract infection, urological interventions at least 1 week previously (cystoscopy, urethral catheterization, or similar procedure), history of prostate biopsy, and history of androgen or 5-alpha reductase use. All patient's age, total PSA and free PSA levels, ratio of free to total PSA, PSA density and prostate volume were recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In total, 101 patients were included in the study. Histopathological examination revealed only PCa in 78 (77.2%) patients and PCa+NIH IV prostatitis in 23 (22.7%) patients. The median total PSA level was 7.4 (3.5-20.0) ng/mL in the PCa+NIH IV prostatitis group and 6.5 (0.6-20.0) ng/mL in the PCa group (p=0.67). The PSA level was≤10ng/mL in 60 (76.9%) patients in the PCa group and in 16 (69.6%) patients in the PCa+NIH IV prostatitis group (p=0.32).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study showed no statistically significant difference in PSA levels between patients with and without NIH IV prostatitis accompanying PCa.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology Clinic, Ankara Training and Research Hospital, Ankara Turkey.
authors.forename: Omer Gokhan
authors.initials: OG
authors.lastname: Doluoglu
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology Clinic of Yüksek Ihtisas Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Cavit
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ceylan
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology Clinic, Ankara Training and Research Hospital, Ankara Turkey.
authors.forename: Fatih
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kilinc
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology Clinic of Yüksek Ihtisas Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Eymen
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gazel
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology Clinic, Ankara Training and Research Hospital, Ankara Turkey.
authors.forename: Berkan
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Resorlu
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology Clinic of Yüksek Ihtisas Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Oner
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Odabas
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001706:Biopsy; D051517:Digital Rectal Examination; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009316:National Institutes of Health (U.S.); D060787:Neoplasm Grading; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011467:Prostate / Q000473:pathology; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000097:blood* / Q000473:pathology; D011472:Prostatitis / Q000097:blood* / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid* / Q000473:pathology; D012016:Reference Values; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment / Q000379:methods*; D012307:Risk Factors; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen