title: Lactobacillus rhamnosus GR-1 Limits Escherichia coli-Induced Inflammatory Responses via Attenuating MyD88-Dependent and MyD88-Independent Pathway Activation in Bovine Endometrial Epithelial Cells.
abstract: Intrauterine Escherichia coli infection after calving reduces fertility and causes major economic losses in the dairy industry. We investigated the protective effect of the probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus GR-1 on E. coli-induced cell damage and inflammation in primary bovine endometrial epithelial cells (BEECs). L. rhamnosus GR-1 reduced ultrastructure alterations and the percentage of BEECs apoptosis after E. coli challenge. Increased messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of immune response indicators, including pattern recognition receptors (toll-like receptor [TLR]2, TLR4, nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain [NOD]1, and NOD2), inflammasome proteins (NOD-like receptor family member pyrin domain-containing protein 3, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein, and caspase-1), TLR4 downstream adaptor molecules (myeloid differentiation antigen 88 [MyD88], toll-like receptor adaptor molecule 2 [TICAM2]), nuclear transcription factor kB (NF-kB), and the inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-18, and interferon (IFN)-β, was observed following E. coli challenge. However, these increases were attenuated by L. rhamnosus GR-1 pretreatment. Our data indicate that L. rhamnosus GR-1 ameliorates the E. coli-induced disruption of cellular ultrastructure, subsequently reducing the percentage of BEECs apoptosis and limiting inflammatory responses, partly via attenuation of MyD88-dependent and MyD88-independent pathway activation. Certain probiotics could potentially prevent postpartum uterine diseases in dairy cows, ultimately reducing the use of antibiotics.
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Mingchao
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Qiong
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Mengling
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Jilin, 130062, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yunhe
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China. Jiufeng_wang@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Jiufeng
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000502:physiology; D002417:Cattle; D004716:Endometritis / Q000382:microbiology*; D004717:Endometrium / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000473:pathology; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000276:immunology / Q000472:pathogenicity; D004927:Escherichia coli Infections / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D052201:Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus / Q000502:physiology*; D053594:Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88 / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D053594:Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88
keywords: Escherichia coli; Lactobacillus rhamnosus; apoptosis; bovine endometrial epithelial cell; inflammation