title: MRI of penile fracture: what should be a tailored protocol in emergency?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To conduct a review of literature to summarize the existing MRI protocols for penile trauma, suggesting a tailored protocol to reduce costs and time of examination.
  
  
  METHODS
  A systematic search was performed in Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Cinahl databases from 1995 to 2015 to identify studies evaluating penis trauma with MRI examination. Studies were included if there was the description of MRI protocol with at least sequences and orthogonal planes used. We chose a systematic approach for data extraction and descriptive synthesis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  12 articles were included in our study. Among the list of 12 articles: 2 were case reports, 3 were clinical series, and 7 were reviews. Clinical trials were not found. There is no unanimous consensus among the authors. Summarizing the data, the most used protocol is characterized by T2 sequences in three orthogonal planes plus T1 sequences in one plane (either axial or sagittal) without contrast medium injection.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is a lack of a standard protocol. A tailored protocol to answer the diagnostic question, reducing costs and time of examination, is characterized by T2 sequences in three orthogonal planes plus at least a T1 sequence (either axial or sagittal plane).
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico Hospital, Via Francesco Sforza, 35, 20121, Milan, Italy. rxandreaesposito@yahoo.it.
authors.forename: Andrea Alessandro
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Esposito
authors.affiliation: School of Radiology, University of Milan, Via A. Di Rudinì 8, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Caterina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Giannitto
authors.affiliation: School of Radiology, University of Milan, Via A. Di Rudinì 8, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Muzzupappa
authors.affiliation: School of Radiology, University of Milan, Via A. Di Rudinì 8, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Maccagnoni
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico Hospital, Via Francesco. Sforza, 35, 20121, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Franco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gadda
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico Hospital, Via Francesco. Sforza, 35, 20121, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Giancarlo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Albo
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico Hospital, Via Francesco Sforza, 35, 20121, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Pietro Raimondo
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Biondetti
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D010413:Penis / Q000293:injuries*; D012421:Rupture / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging
keywords: Emergency; Fracture; MRI; Penis; Tailored protocol; Urology