title: The contribution of different adipose tissue depots to plasma plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) levels.
abstract: Increased plasma plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) level is considered a mechanistic pathway through which obesity contributes to increased cardiovascular disease risk. Abdominal adipose tissue specifically, is a major PAI-1 source with visceral adipose tissue (VAT), an ectopic fat depot, generally considered to produce more PAI-1 than subcutaneous adipose tissue. However, this does not necessarily lead to increased plasma PAI-1 levels. This review provides an overview of studies investigating the association between body fat distribution and plasma PAI-1 levels. It discusses factors that influence this relationship and also considers the contribution of other tissue to plasma PAI-1 levels, placing the relative contribution of adipose tissue into perspective. In conclusion, the relationship between VAT and plasma PAI-1 levels is not fixed but can be modulated by a number of factors such as the size of the subcutaneous adipose tissue depot, ethnicity, possibly genetics and other obesity-related metabolic abnormalities.
authors.affiliation: Centre of Excellence for Nutrition, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa. Electronic address: 13024787@nwu.ac.za.
authors.forename: Sunelle A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Barnard
authors.affiliation: Centre of Excellence for Nutrition, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa. Electronic address: marlien.pieters@nwu.ac.za.
authors.forename: Marlien
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pieters
authors.affiliation: Centre of Excellence for Nutrition, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa. Electronic address: zelda.delange@nwu.ac.za.
authors.forename: Zelda
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: De Lange
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D000367:Age Factors; D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers; D015870:Gene Expression; D006801:Humans; D009765:Obesity / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D012737:Sex Factors
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1; C051321:SERPINE1 protein, human
keywords: Body fat distribution; Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1; Subcutaneous adipose tissue; Visceral adipose tissue