title: Diaporthe endophytica and D. terebinthifolii from medicinal plants for biological control of Phyllosticta citricarpa.
abstract: The citrus industry is severely affected by citrus black spot (CBS), a disease caused by the pathogen Phyllosticta citricarpa. This disease causes loss of production, decrease in the market price of the fruit, and reduction in its export to the European Union. Currently, CBS disease is being treated in orchards with various pesticides and fungicides every year. One alternative to CBS disease control without harming the environment is the use of microorganisms for biological control. Diaporthe endophytica and D. terebinthifolii, isolated from the medicinal plants Maytenus ilicifolia and Schinus terebinthifolius have an inhibitory effect against P. citricarpa in vitro and in detached fruits. Moreover, D. endophytica and D. terebinthifolii were transformed by Agrobacterium tumefaciens for in vivo studies. The transformants retained the ability to control of phytopathogenic fungus P. citricarpa after transformation process. Furthermore, D. endophytica and D. terebinthifolii were able to infect and colonize citrus plants, which is confirmed by reisolation of transformants from inoculated and uninoculated leaves. Light microscopic analysis showed fungus mycelium colonizing intercellular region and oil glands of citrus, suggesting that these two new species are capable of colonizing citrus plants, in addition to controlling the pathogen P. citricarpa.
authors.affiliation: Department of Basic Pathology, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, Brazil.
authors.forename: Paulo José Camargo Dos
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.affiliation: Department of Basic Pathology, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, Brazil; Department of Genetics, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, Brazil.
authors.forename: Daiani Cristina
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Savi
authors.affiliation: Department of Basic Pathology, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, Brazil; Department of Genetics, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, Brazil.
authors.forename: Renata Rodrigues
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Gomes
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, Brazil.
authors.forename: Eduardo Henrique
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Goulin
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, Brazil.
authors.forename: Camila
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Da Costa Senkiv
authors.affiliation: NAP/MEPA, University of São Paulo (USP), Piracicaba, Brazil.
authors.forename: Francisco André Ossamu
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.affiliation: Embrapa Soja, Londrina, Brazil.
authors.forename: Álvaro Manuel Rodrigues
authors.initials: ÁM
authors.lastname: Almeida
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, Brazil.
authors.forename: Lygia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Galli-Terasawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, Brazil.
authors.forename: Vanessa
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Kava
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, Brazil. Electronic address: ch.glienke@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Chirlei
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Glienke
mesh_terms: D016960:Agrobacterium tumefaciens / Q000235:genetics; D000898:Antibiosis; D001203:Ascomycota / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D002957:Citrus / Q000382:microbiology*; D060026:Endophytes / Q000254:growth & development / Q000302:isolation & purification; D010572:Pest Control, Biological / Q000379:methods*; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000382:microbiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D010946:Plants, Medicinal / Q000382:microbiology*; D014170:Transformation, Genetic
keywords: Biological control; Citrus black spot; Diaporthe; Endophyte; Phyllosticta citricarpa