title: Changes of gamma-band oscillatory activity to tonic muscle pain.
abstract: It is well know that phasic pain could induce suppression of alpha oscillations and enhancement of gamma oscillations. However, the cortical responses to tonic pain, especially tonic pain originating from deep tissue, which was proposed to better resemble the clinical pain, are not well understood. Here we aimed to investigate electroencephalographic (EEG) responses to tonic muscle pain. EEG signals and pain perceptions of three order-counterbalanced conditions: innocuous condition (A, infusion of isotonic saline), noxious conditions with low (B) and medium (C) intensities (infusion of hypertonic saline) were recorded from 43 subjects. We observed the enhancement of gamma oscillations in frontal-central region in condition C, as compared to either condition A or B. Positive relationship between the amplitude of gamma oscillations and pain intensity was also observed in frontal-central region. Therefore, we provide novel evidence for the encoding of frontal-central gamma oscillations in tonic pain processing.
authors.affiliation: Research Center for Neural Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China.
authors.forename: Linling
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Research Center for Neural Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China.
authors.forename: Xiaowu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Research Center for Neural Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China; Department of Neurology, People's Hospital of Shenzhen City, Jinan University, Shenzhen, China.
authors.forename: Chuan
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.affiliation: Research Center for Neural Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China; Department of Neurology, People's Hospital of Shenzhen City, Jinan University, Shenzhen, China.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Research Center for Neural Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China; Department of Pain, Nanshan Hospital of Shenzhen City, Guangdong Medical College, Shenzhen, China.
authors.forename: Disen
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Pain, Nanshan Hospital of Shenzhen City, Guangdong Medical College, Shenzhen, China.
authors.forename: Lizu
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.affiliation: Department of Pain, Nanshan Hospital of Shenzhen City, Guangdong Medical College, Shenzhen, China.
authors.forename: Donglin
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Xiong
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. Electronic address: huli@psych.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Research Center for Neural Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China. Electronic address: yh.qiu@siat.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Yunhai
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Qiu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004569:Electroencephalography; D005260:Female; D065818:Gamma Rhythm; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D063806:Myalgia / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000503:physiopathology*; D010147:Pain Measurement; D012462:Saline Solution, Hypertonic; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D012462:Saline Solution, Hypertonic
keywords: EEG; Gamma oscillations; Tonic muscle pain