title: Individual monitoring of immune responses in rainbow trout after cohabitation and intraperitoneal injection challenge with Yersinia ruckeri.
abstract: Yersinia ruckeri, the causative agent of enteric red mouth disease (ERM), is a widely studied pathogen in disease models using rainbow trout. This infection model, mostly based on intraperitoneally injection or bath immersion challenges, has an impact on both components (innate and adaptive) of the fish immune system. Although there has been much attention in studying its host-pathogen interactions, there is still a lack of knowledge regarding the impact of a cohabitation challenge. To tackle this we used a newly established non-lethal sampling method (by withdrawing a small amount of blood) in rainbow trout which allowed the individual immune monitoring before (non-infected) and after infection with Yersinia ruckeri either by intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection or by cohabitation (cohab). A range of key immune genes were monitored during the infection by real-time PCR, and results were compared between the two infection routes. Results indicated that inflammatory (IL-1β1 and IL-8) cytokines and certain antimicrobial peptides (cathelicidins) revealed a different pattern of expression between the two infected groups (i.p. vs cohab), in comparison to adaptive immune cytokines (IL-22, IFN-γ and IL-4/13A) and β-defensins. This suggests a different involvement of distinct immune markers according to the infection model, and the importance of using a cohabitation challenge as a more natural disease model that likely simulates what would occur in the environment.
authors.affiliation: Scottish Fish Immunology Research Centre, School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, UK. Electronic address: m.monte@abdn.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Milena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: M Monte
authors.affiliation: Marine Scotland Science, Marine Laboratory, 375 Victoria Road, Aberdeen AB11 9DB, UK.
authors.forename: Katy
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Urquhart
authors.affiliation: Scottish Fish Immunology Research Centre, School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, UK.
authors.forename: Christopher J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Secombes
authors.affiliation: Marine Scotland Science, Marine Laboratory, 375 Victoria Road, Aberdeen AB11 9DB, UK. Electronic address: Bertrand.Collet@gov.scot.
authors.forename: Bertrand
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Collet
mesh_terms: D056704:Adaptive Immunity; D000818:Animals; D023181:Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005393:Fish Diseases / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology; D029941:Fish Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D007274:Injections, Intraperitoneal / Q000662:veterinary; D017686:Oncorhynchus mykiss; D015009:Yersinia Infections / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D044124:Yersinia ruckeri / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D023181:Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides; D029941:Fish Proteins
keywords: Antimicrobial peptides; Cohabitation; Cytokines; Intraperitoneal injection; Non-lethal sampling; Yersinia ruckeri