title: Cardiometabolic risk markers of normal weight and excess body weight in Brazilian adolescents.
abstract: Excess body weight leads to a variety of metabolic changes and increases the risk for cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in adulthood. The objective of this study was to investigate the presence of risk markers for CVD among Brazilian adolescents of normal weight and with excess body weight. The markers included blood pressure, C-reactive protein, homocysteine, tumor necrosis factor alpha, fibrinogen, fasting insulin and glucose, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), leptin, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), and triglycerides. We calculated odds ratios (OR) using logistic regression and adjusted for potential confounders such as age, sex, physical activity, and socioeconomic background. Compared with normal weight subjects, overweight/obese adolescents were more likely to have higher systolic blood pressure (OR = 3.49, p < 0.001), fasting insulin (OR = 8.03, p < 0.001), HOMA-IR (OR = 8.03, p < 0.001), leptin (OR = 5.55, p < 0.001), and LDL-c (OR = 5.50, p < 0.001) and lower serum HDL-c concentrations (OR = 2.76, p = 0.004). After adjustment for confounders, the estimates did not change substantially, except for leptin for which the risk associated with overweight increased to 11.09 (95% CI: 4.05-30.35). In conclusion, excess body weight in adolescents exhibits strong associations with several markers that are established as causes of CVD in adults. This observation stresses the importance of primary prevention and of maintaining a healthy body weight throughout adolescence to reduce the global burden of CVD.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Physical Education, University of Joinville Region, Rua Paulo Malschitzki, no. 10, Joinville, 89219-710, Brazil.|b Population Health Intervention Research Unit, School of Public Health, University of Alberta, 3-50 University Terrace, 8303 - 112 St., Edmonton, AB T6G 2T4, Canada.
authors.forename: Silmara Salete de Barros Silva
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Mastroeni
authors.affiliation: b Population Health Intervention Research Unit, School of Public Health, University of Alberta, 3-50 University Terrace, 8303 - 112 St., Edmonton, AB T6G 2T4, Canada.|c Post-graduation Program in Health and Environment, University of Joinville Region, Rua Paulo Malschitzki, no. 10, Joinville, 89219-710, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marco Fabio
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Mastroeni
authors.affiliation: d Department of Biological Sciences, University of Joinville Region, Rua Paulo Malschitzki, no. 10, Joinville, 89219-710, Brazil.
authors.forename: Muryel de Carvalho
authors.initials: Mde C
authors.lastname: Gonçalves
authors.affiliation: d Department of Biological Sciences, University of Joinville Region, Rua Paulo Malschitzki, no. 10, Joinville, 89219-710, Brazil.
authors.forename: Guilherme
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Debortoli
authors.affiliation: e Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, no. 715, São Paulo, 01246-904, Brazil.
authors.forename: Nilza Nunes
authors.initials: NN
authors.lastname: da Silva
authors.affiliation: e Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, no. 715, São Paulo, 01246-904, Brazil.
authors.forename: Regina Tomie Ivata
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Bernal
authors.affiliation: f Department of Pharmacy, University of Joinville Region, Rua Paulo Malschitzki, no. 10, Joinville, 89219-710, Brazil.
authors.forename: Maristela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Adamovski
authors.affiliation: b Population Health Intervention Research Unit, School of Public Health, University of Alberta, 3-50 University Terrace, 8303 - 112 St., Edmonton, AB T6G 2T4, Canada.
authors.forename: Paul J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Veugelers
authors.affiliation: g Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, no. 715, São Paulo, 01246-904, Brazil.
authors.forename: Patrícia Helen de Carvalho
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Rondó
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood*; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D001794:Blood Pressure; D001835:Body Weight; D001938:Brazil; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D015444:Exercise; D005260:Female; D005340:Fibrinogen / Q000378:metabolism; D006710:Homocysteine / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D020738:Leptin / Q000097:blood; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications; D050177:Overweight / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications; D012307:Risk Factors; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D001786:Blood Glucose; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D007328:Insulin; D020738:Leptin; D014280:Triglycerides; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D006710:Homocysteine; D005340:Fibrinogen; D002097:C-Reactive Protein
keywords: adolescents; blood pressure; cardiometabolic markers; cardiovascular disease; cholesterol; cholestérol; insulin; insuline; leptin; leptine; maladie cardiovasculaire; marqueurs cardiométaboliques; obese; obèse; overweight; pression sanguine; surpoids