title: Transcriptome profiling of the antiviral immune response in Atlantic cod macrophages.
abstract: A study was conducted to determine the transcriptome response of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) macrophages to the viral mimic, polyriboinosinic polyribocytidylic acid (pIC), using a 20K Atlantic cod microarray platform and qPCR. We identified 285 significantly up-regulated and 161 significantly down-regulated probes in cod macrophages 24 h after pIC stimulation. A subset of 26 microarray-identified transcripts was subjected to qPCR validation using samples treated with pIC or phosphate-buffered saline (control) over time (3, 6, 12, 24, 48 h), and 77% of them showed a significant response to pIC. The microarray and qPCR analyses in this study showed that pIC induced the expression of cod macrophage transcripts involved in RLR- and TLR-dependent pathogen recognition (e.g. tlr3, tlr7, mda5 and lgp2), as well as signal transducers (e.g. stat1 and nfkbia) and transcription activators (e.g. irf7 and irf10) in the MyD88-independent and dependent signalling pathways. Several immune effectors (e.g. isg15s, viperin, herc4, mip2 and ccl13) were significantly up-regulated in pIC-stimulated cod macrophages. The expression of some transcripts (e.g. irf7, irf10, viperin) was significantly up-regulated by pIC as early as 12 h. All pIC-induced transcripts had peak expression at either 24 h (e.g. tlr7, irf7, mip2) or 48 h (e.g. tlr3, lgp2, stat1). This study suggests possible roles of both vertebrate-conserved (e.g. tlr3 as an up-regulated gene) and fish-specific (tlr22g as a down-regulated gene) receptors in dsRNA recognition, and the importance of conserved and potentially fish-specific interferon stimulated genes in cod macrophages.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, NL, A1C 5S7, Canada.
authors.forename: Khalil
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Eslamloo
authors.affiliation: Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, NL, A1C 5S7, Canada.
authors.forename: Xi
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Xue
authors.affiliation: Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, NL, A1C 5S7, Canada.
authors.forename: Marije
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Booman
authors.affiliation: Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, NL, A1C 5S7, Canada.
authors.forename: Nicole C
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.affiliation: Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, NL, A1C 5S7, Canada. Electronic address: mrise@mun.ca.
authors.forename: Matthew L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Rise
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005075:Biological Evolution; D017124:Conserved Sequence / Q000235:genetics; D029941:Fish Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D048389:Gadus morhua / Q000276:immunology*; D007109:Immunity; D008264:Macrophages / Q000276:immunology*; D046228:Microarray Analysis; D011070:Poly I-C / Q000276:immunology; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013045:Species Specificity; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors / Q000378:metabolism; D059467:Transcriptome; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D029941:Fish Proteins; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors; D011070:Poly I-C
keywords: Fish; Gadus morhua; Microarray; Pathogen recognition; Poly(I:C); qPCR