title: Menstrual Cycle and Hormonal Contraceptive-Dependent Changes in Intrinsic Connectivity of Resting-State Brain Networks Correspond to Behavioral Changes Due to Hormonal Status.
abstract: Menstrual cycle-dependent changes have been reported for a variety of functions, including cognition, attention, emotion, inhibition, and perception. For several of these functions, an effect of hormonal contraceptives has also been discussed. Cognitive, attentional, emotional, inhibitory, and perceptual functions have been linked to distinct intrinsic connectivity networks during the resting state. However, changes in resting-state connectivity across the menstrual cycle phase and due to hormonal contraceptive use have only been investigated in two selected networks and without controlling for the type of hormonal contraceptives. In the present study, we demonstrate menstrual cycle and hormonal contraceptive-dependent changes in several intrinsic connectivity networks, including networks that have been related to emotion processing, olfaction, audition, vision, coordination, and two lateralized frontoparietal networks related to a variety of cognitive functions. These changes parallel behavioral changes in the functions associated with these networks. Changes in connectivity and changes in behavior occur during the same cycle phases. Furthermore, hormonal contraceptive-dependent effects were observed in the same networks and same target sites as menstrual cycle-related changes and were dependent on the androgenicity of the progestin component contained in the hormonal contraceptive.
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Psychology, University of Salzburg , Salzburg, Austria .|2 Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Salzburg , Salzburg, Austria .
authors.forename: Belinda
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Pletzer
authors.affiliation: 2 Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Salzburg , Salzburg, Austria .|3 Department of Psychology, UCLA , Los Angeles, California.
authors.forename: Julia Sophia
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Crone
authors.affiliation: 2 Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Salzburg , Salzburg, Austria .
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kronbichler
authors.affiliation: 2 Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Salzburg , Salzburg, Austria .|4 Department of Cell Biology, University of Salzburg , Salzburg, Austria .
authors.forename: Hubert
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kerschbaum
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D001931:Brain Mapping; D003278:Contraceptives, Oral, Hormonal / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004958:Estradiol / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D012739:Gonadal Steroid Hormones / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008597:Menstrual Cycle / Q000187:drug effects; D009434:Neural Pathways / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D011374:Progesterone / Q000097:blood; D013739:Testosterone / Q000097:blood; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D003278:Contraceptives, Oral, Hormonal; D012739:Gonadal Steroid Hormones; D013739:Testosterone; D011374:Progesterone; D004958:Estradiol
keywords: cognition; hormonal contraceptive use; intrinsic connectivity; menstrual cycle; resting state