title: Chemical Constituents in Hybrids of Ligularia tongolensis and L. cymbulifera: Chemical Introgression in L. tongolensis.
abstract: Two samples with morphologies intermediate between Ligularia tongolensis and L. cymbulifera were collected in Desha, Sichuan Province, and one, in Pachahai, Yunnan Province, P. R. China. The DNA sequencing confirmed that the samples were hybrids of the two species. Tetradymol (1), the major compound of L. cymbulifera not found in L. tongolensis, was isolated from the hybrid samples collected at both locations, while furanoeremophilan-15-oic acid derivative 4, a compound characteristic to L. tongolensis, was found in the Pachahai hybrid but not in the Desha hybrids. Thus, the chemical consequence of hybridization can be variable. In addition, analysis of L. tongolensis samples at Pachahai indicated that introgression has been a mechanism of generating chemical diversity in the plant. Eleven compounds including three new ones were isolated.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Research Center of Smart Molecules, Rikkyo University, Nishi-Ikebukuro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo, 171-8501, Japan.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shimizu
authors.affiliation: Department of Life Science and Research Center for Life Science, Rikkyo University, Nishi-Ikebukuro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo, 171-8501, Japan. hanai@rikkyo.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Ryo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hanai
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Yamashiro-cho, Tokushima, 770-8514, Japan.
authors.forename: Yasuko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Okamoto
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Yamashiro-cho, Tokushima, 770-8514, Japan. tori@ph.bunri-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Motoo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tori
authors.affiliation: Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, Kunming, 650201, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Jiao-Jun
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, Kunming, 650201, P. R. China. gongxun@mail.kib.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Xun
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Gong
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Research Center of Smart Molecules, Rikkyo University, Nishi-Ikebukuro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo, 171-8501, Japan. chkkuroda@rikkyo.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Chiaki
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kuroda
mesh_terms: D019659:Asteraceae / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics*; D001483:Base Sequence; D002681:China; D018744:DNA, Plant / Q000235:genetics; D005663:Furans / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006824:Hybridization, Genetic; D012717:Sesquiterpenes / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification
chemical_list: D018744:DNA, Plant; D005663:Furans; D012717:Sesquiterpenes; C000613427:furanoeremophilan-15-oic acid; C013704:tetradymol
keywords: Furanoeremophilanes; Hybrid; Internal transcribed spacer; Introgression; Ligularia