title: MR spectroscopy in children: protocols and pitfalls in non-tumorous brain pathology.
abstract: Proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) delivers information about cell content and metabolism in a noninvasive manner. The diagnostic strength of MRS lies in its evaluation of pathologies in combination with conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). MRS in children has been most widely used to evaluate brain conditions like tumors, infections, metabolic diseases or learning disabilities and especially in neonates with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. This article reviews some basic theoretical considerations, routine procedures, protocols and pitfalls and will illustrate the range of spectrum alterations occurring in some non-tumorous pediatric brain pathologies.
authors.affiliation: University Children's Hospital Basel (UKBB), Spitalstrasse 33, Postfach, 4031, Basel, Switzerland. jacques.schneider@ukbb.ch.
authors.forename: Jacques F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Schneider
mesh_terms: D001927:Brain Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000378:metabolism*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D066244:Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy / Q000379:methods*
keywords: Children; Developmental delay; Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy; Magnetic resonance spectroscopy; Metabolic diseases; Neonates