title: A polysaccharide from the stems of Rubus amabilis Focke and its immunological enhancement activity.
abstract: A water-soluble polysaccharide (named RAP) was newly isolated from the stems of Rubus amabilis. Structural confirmation of the polysaccharide was provided by hydrolysis, periodate oxidation, Smith degradation, and methylation analysis, combined with nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), capillary electrophoresis (CE), infrared spectroscopy (IR), and gas chromatography-mass spectra (GC-MS). In vitro immunological enhancement activity was characterized using the proliferative activity of spleen lymphocytes and phagocytic activity of peritoneal macrophages in mice. The polysaccharide was mainly composed of xylose, arabinose, glucose, rhamnose, galactose, mannose, glucuronic acid, and galactocuronic acid in the molar ratio of 1.0:6.9:0.8:1.1:6.9:0.3:0.5:3.3, with the average molecular weight of 26.2 kDa. The linkage types of netural monosaccharides were as follows: the arabinose was →2) Ara (1→ and galactose were Gal (1→, →3) Gal (1→, →3,6) Gal (1→, →2,3,6) Gal (1→ and →2,3,6) Galf (1→. Xyl (1→, →6) Glc (1→, →2) Glc (1→, →3) Rha (1→, Rha (1→ and Man (1→ were also found in the structure. RAP-B-2 could improve the proliferative activity of spleen T cells and B cells and boost phagocytic activity of peritoneal macrophages at the concentration of 50 μg/ml (p < 0.05, p < 0.01).
authors.affiliation: a School of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Beijing University of Chinese Medicine , Beijing 100102 , China.|b Academy of Military Medical Sciences , Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology , Beijing 100850 , China.
authors.forename: Yu-Lin
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Diao
authors.affiliation: b Academy of Military Medical Sciences , Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology , Beijing 100850 , China.
authors.forename: Jun-Jie
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Shan
authors.affiliation: b Academy of Military Medical Sciences , Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology , Beijing 100850 , China.
authors.forename: Hao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: c Wuzhou Pharmaceutical (group) Co. Ltd , Wuzhou 543000 , China.
authors.forename: Tong
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: a School of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Beijing University of Chinese Medicine , Beijing 100102 , China.
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology; D005690:Galactose; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D006801:Humans; D008358:Mannose; D051379:Mice; D015394:Molecular Structure; D008970:Molecular Weight; D019906:Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010504:Periodic Acid; D018547:Plant Stems / Q000737:chemistry; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D065856:Rubus / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; D011134:Polysaccharides; D010504:Periodic Acid; C009288:metaperiodate; D008358:Mannose; D005690:Galactose
keywords: Rubus amabilis; immunological enhancement; polysaccharide