title: Prevalence and predictors of vitamin D insufficiency in supplemented and non-supplemented women with systemic lupus erythematosus in the Mediterranean region.
abstract: It has been previously reported that vitamin D deficiency is more prevalent among SLE patients than in the general population. We sought to determine the prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency and deficiency and their related factors, its relationship to SLE symptoms and disease activity on a group of supplemented and non-supplemented female SLE patients from the Mediterranean region. We performed a cross-sectional study including female SLE patients who regularly attended the outpatient Lupus Unit at Parc de Salut Mar-IMAS in Barcelona, from January 2012 to May 2014. Collected data were sociodemographics, vitamin D supplementation, fatigue degree visual analog scale, pharmacological treatment, main SLE serological markers, indexes, scales and plasma levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D. One hundred and two consecutive female SLE patients were included. Vitamin D overall insufficiency and deficiency were exhibited by 46 and 22.5 % of patients, respectively. Vitamin D insufficiency was found in 50 % of supplemented and 60 % of non-supplemented patients. Among non-supplemented female SLE patients, it was found that patients with vitamin D insufficiency showed more fatigue (p = 0.009) and received more oral corticosteroids (p = 0.02) than those with normal levels. Patients with vitamin D insufficiency (supplemented and non-supplemented) received more oral corticosteroids than those without insufficiency (p = 0.008). Vitamin D insufficiency is highly prevalent among female SLE patients, even in southern regions. Non-supplemented female SLE patients showed more fatigue and received more oral corticosteroids than those with normal levels of vitamin D. These data were not found in supplemented patients although having a high prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency (up to 50 %). Further studies with longer follow-up and larger population are needed to confirm our observations.
authors.affiliation: Rheumatology Department, Parc de Salut Mar, IMIM, Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain.
authors.forename: Tarek Carlos
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Salman-Monte
authors.affiliation: Rheumatology Department, Hospital General Hospitalet-Moisès Broggi, Hospitalet Llobregat, Catalunya, Spain. vtorrente@hsjdbcn.org.
authors.forename: Vicenç
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Torrente-Segarra
authors.affiliation: Rheumatology Department, Parc de Salut Mar, IMIM, Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Almirall
authors.affiliation: Rheumatology Department, Parc de Salut Mar, IMIM, Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain.
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Corzo
authors.affiliation: Unitat de Assessorament Metodològic a la Investigació, Biomèdica (AMIB), Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain.
authors.forename: Sergi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mojal
authors.affiliation: Rheumatology Department, Parc de Salut Mar, IMIM, Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain.
authors.forename: Jordi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Carbonell-Abelló
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D013030:Spain / Q000453:epidemiology; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000097:blood; D014808:Vitamin D Deficiency / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones; D015415:Biomarkers; D014807:Vitamin D; C104450:25-hydroxyvitamin D
keywords: Fatigue; SLEDAI; Systemic lupus erythematosus; Vitamin D insufficiency