title: Distraction Osteogenesis Update: Introduction of Multidirectional Cranial Distraction Osteogenesis.
abstract: In this review, we discuss in detail our current procedure for treating craniosynostosis using multidirectional cranial distraction osteogenesis (MCDO). The MCDO method allows all phenotypes of skull deformity to be reshaped by distraction osteogenesis, except in patients who are 5 months of age or younger and patients with posterior cranial vault problems. We report the results of clinical data of 36 children with craniosynostosis who underwent MCDO between 2005 and 2014 in our institute. This method has the following benefits, such as a high flexibility of reshaping, shorter treatment period and less invasive secondary intervention. We also discuss the other distraction osteogenesis techniques that are used to treat craniosynostosis and compare them with MCDO. The preferred procedure for correction of craniosynostosis may depend on the patient's age, the extent of deformity, and the extent of correction achievable by surgery. We can arrange the combinations of various methods according to the advantage and disadvantage of each technique.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Jichi Children's Medical Center Tochigi, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan.
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gomi
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic Surgery, Jichi Children's Medical Center Tochigi, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan.
authors.forename: Ataru
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sunaga
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic Surgery, Jichi Children's Medical Center Tochigi, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan.
authors.forename: Hideaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kamochi
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Jichi Children's Medical Center Tochigi, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan.
authors.forename: Hirofumi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Oguma
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic Surgery, Jichi Children's Medical Center Tochigi, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan.
authors.forename: Yasushi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sugawara
keywords: Craniosynostosis; Distraction osteogenesis; Multidirectional cranial distraction osteogenesis; Posterior cranial vault distraction osteogenesis