title: Clinical Results of Internal Fixation of Subcapital Femoral Neck Fractures.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Subcapital femoral neck is known to cause many complications, such as avascular necrosis (AVN) of the femoral head or nonunion, compared with other femoral neck fractures. The purpose of this study was to analyze the incidence of AVN and fixation failures in patients treated with internal fixation using cannulated screws for the subcapital femoral neck fractures.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study targeted a total of 84 cases of subcapital femoral neck fractures that underwent internal fixation using cannulated screws. The average follow-up time after surgery was 36.8 months (range, 24 to 148 months).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nine hips (10.7%) showing AVN of the femoral head and 6 hips (7.1%) showing fixation failures were observed. The factors affecting the incidence of AVN of the femoral head after sustaining fractures correlated well with fracture types in the Garden classification (p = 0.030). The factors affecting fixation failure were the degree of reduction (p = 0.001) measured by the Garden alignment index and firm fixation (p = 0.009) assessed using the technique of 3-point fixation through the inferomedial cortical bone of the femoral neck.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The complication rates for subcapital femoral neck fractures were lower than those previously reported; hence, internal fixation could be a primary treatment option for these fractures.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inha University Hospital, Incheon, Korea.
authors.forename: Joon Soon
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inha University Hospital, Incheon, Korea.
authors.forename: Kyoung Ho
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Moon
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inha University Hospital, Incheon, Korea.
authors.forename: Joong Sup
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inha University Hospital, Incheon, Korea.
authors.forename: Eun Ho
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inha University Hospital, Incheon, Korea.
authors.forename: Chi Hoon
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Ahn
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inha University Hospital, Incheon, Korea.
authors.forename: Geon Hong
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Choi
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D005265:Femoral Neck Fractures / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000601:surgery*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005593:Fracture Fixation, Internal / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Femoral neck fractures; Fracture fixation; Risk factors