title: Control of Integrated Task Sequences Shapes Components of Reaching.
abstract: Reaching toward an object usually consists of a sequence of elemental actions. Using a reaching task sequence, the authors investigated how task elements of that sequence affected feedforward and feedback components of the reaching phase of the movement. Nine right-handed adults performed, with their dominant and nondominant hands, 4 tasks of different complexities: a simple reaching task; a reach-to-grasp task; a reach-to-grasp and lift object task; and a reach-to-grasp, lift, and place object task. Results showed that in the reach-to-grasp and lift object task more time was allocated to the feedforward component of the reach phase, while latency between the task elements decreased. We also found between-hand differences, supporting previous findings of increased efficiency of processing planning-related information in the preferred hand. The presence of task-related modifications supports the concept of contextual effects when planning a movement.
authors.affiliation: a University of Maryland, School of Medicine , Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science , Baltimore , Maryland.
authors.forename: Priya
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Viswanathan
authors.affiliation: a University of Maryland, School of Medicine , Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science , Baltimore , Maryland.
authors.forename: Jill
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Whitall
authors.affiliation: b Michigan State University , Department of Kinesiology, Neuroscience Program , East Lansing , Michigan.
authors.forename: Florian A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Kagerer
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D056228:Feedback, Sensory / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006225:Hand / Q000502:physiology*; D018737:Hand Strength / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D017770:Lifting; D008297:Male; D009068:Movement / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: contextual effects; feedback; feedforward; goal-directed reaching; movement elements