title: Under pressure: Investigating marine resource-based livelihoods in Jakarta Bay and the Thousand Islands.
abstract: Jakarta Bay, next to the Jakarta Metropolitan Area with around 30 million inhabitants, is facing extreme pollution. Although local coral reefs are degraded and marine resources heavily exploited, they provide livelihoods for millions of people. This study investigates anthropogenic pressures on local fisheries resources and associated livelihoods. Questionnaire surveys were conducted in 15 coastal communities (10 coastal neighborhoods in Jakarta Bay on the mainland and 5 of the offshore Thousand Islands). The most economically valuable species were Caesio cuning (Redbelly yellowtail fusilier) on the islands and Rastrelliger kanagurta (Indian mackerel) on the mainland. Over 80% of all interviewed fishermen regarded the current state of marine resources as declining, mainly due to pollution and overexploitation. While perceptions of declining resources were equally high on the islands and the mainland, pollution was listed as the principal cause of degradation significantly more on the mainland. Findings are discussed in the context of coastal livelihood vulnerability.
authors.affiliation: Leibniz Centre for Tropical Marine Ecology (ZMT) GmbH, Fahrenheitstrasse 6, 28359 Bremen, Germany; Faculty of Biology & Chemistry (FB2), University of Bremen, PO Box 33 04 40, 28334 Bremen, Germany.
authors.forename: Gunilla
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Baum
authors.affiliation: Leibniz Centre for Tropical Marine Ecology (ZMT) GmbH, Fahrenheitstrasse 6, 28359 Bremen, Germany; Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Bogor Agricultural University (IPB), Indonesia.
authors.forename: Ima
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kusumanti
authors.affiliation: Leibniz Centre for Tropical Marine Ecology (ZMT) GmbH, Fahrenheitstrasse 6, 28359 Bremen, Germany. Electronic address: annette.breckwoldt@leibniz-zmt.de.
authors.forename: Annette
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Breckwoldt
authors.affiliation: Leibniz Centre for Tropical Marine Ecology (ZMT) GmbH, Fahrenheitstrasse 6, 28359 Bremen, Germany.
authors.forename: Sebastian C A
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Ferse
authors.affiliation: Leibniz Centre for Tropical Marine Ecology (ZMT) GmbH, Fahrenheitstrasse 6, 28359 Bremen, Germany.
authors.forename: Marion
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Glaser
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Organic Geochemical Analysis, Institute of Geology and Geochemistry of Petroleum and Coal, RWTH Aachen University, Germany; Indonesia Research Center for Marine and Fisheries Product Processing and Biotechnology, Jl. KS Tubun Petamburan VI, Jakarta 10260, Indonesia.
authors.lastname: Dwiyitno
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Bogor Agricultural University (IPB), Indonesia.
authors.forename: Luky
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Adrianto
authors.affiliation: Research and Technology Centre, Westcoast (FTZ), Kiel University, Germany.
authors.forename: Simon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: van der Wulp
authors.affiliation: Leibniz Centre for Tropical Marine Ecology (ZMT) GmbH, Fahrenheitstrasse 6, 28359 Bremen, Germany.
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kunzmann
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D061006:Bays / Q000032:analysis*; D003247:Conservation of Natural Resources / Q000379:methods*; D057894:Coral Reefs; D005398:Fisheries; D006801:Humans; D007214:Indonesia; D062312:Islands; D014507:Urbanization; D014876:Water Pollution / Q000032:analysis*
keywords: Anthropogenic stressors; Fish; Fisheries resources; Indonesia; Overexploitation; Pollution; Vulnerability