title: CT measurement of breast glandular tissue and its association with testicular cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the associations between breast glandular tissues diameters as determined by CT and b-hCG levels, histological types, tumour spread and prognosis in patients with testicular germ cell tumour.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ninety-four patients with pre-treatment CT scan and markers (b-hCG, AFP, LDH) were retrospectively collected. A radiologist measured diameters in all CT examinations and correlation between diameters and log (b-hCG) was assessed (Pearson's coefficient). The ability of measured diameters to predict lymphatic and distant haematogenous metastatic spread was evaluated (ROC curves). The associations between measured diameter cut-off values of 20 and 25 mm and International Germ Cell Cancer Collaborative Group (IGCCCG) classification, lymphatic and distant haematogenous metastatic spread and histological subtypes were evaluated (chi squared test).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Breast glandular diameters correlated to log(b-hCG) (r = 0.579) and predicted distant haematogenous metastatic spread (AUC = 0.78). Worse prognosis (intermediate or poor IGCCCG) was shown for 20 mm (27.3 vs. 4.2 %, p = 0.005) and 25 mm (33.3 vs. 6.1 %, p = 0.014). A diameter of 25 mm was associated with non-seminoma (91.7 vs. 48.8 %, p = 0.005).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Breast glandular tissue diameters correlated with log(b-hCG) and predicted distant haematogenous metastases. Twenty and 25 mm were associated with worse prognosis and 25 mm was able to distinguish between seminoma and non-seminoma.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  • CT breast glandular tissue diameter correlates with log(b-HCG) • Gynaecomastia in CT is associated with worse prognosis • Gynaecomastia in CT is associated with non-seminoma histological subtype.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel. eyalkla@hotmail.com.|The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, 5265601, Israel. eyalkla@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Eyal
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Klang
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
authors.forename: Noa
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Rozendorn
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
authors.forename: Steve
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Raskin
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
authors.forename: Orith
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Portnoy
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
authors.forename: Miri
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sklair
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
authors.forename: Edith M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Marom
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
authors.forename: Eli
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Konen
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
authors.forename: Michal M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Amitai
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001940:Breast / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006177:Gynecomastia / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009373:Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal / Q000150:complications*; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013736:Testicular Neoplasms / Q000150:complications*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Germ cell tumour; Gynaecomastia; HCG-beta; Seminoma; Testicular cancer