title: Antileishmanial Activity of a Calophyllum brasiliense Leaf Extract.
abstract: Calophyllum brasiliense(Clusiaceae) is a tree that grows mainly in the Atlantic Forest in Brazil. Its leaves possess antibacterial activity, cytotoxic activity against certain tumor cell lines, and antimicrobial activity in BALB/c mice infected withLeishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis.Aiming to identify ultrastructural changes and DNA fragmentation inLeishmania (Viannia) braziliensis,promastigotes were treated with a concentration of the dichloromethane extract and coumarin (-) mammea A/BB fromC. brasilienseleaves that inhibited 50 % of the parasites (IC50), and were evaluated by transmission and scanning electron microscopy. Ultrastructural changes showed different levels of mitochondrial alterations, including mitochondrial swelling and a reduction in the density of the mitochondrial matrix. Induced DNA fragmentation, as observed by TUNEL, suggested that the extract and coumarin (-) mammea A/BB induced apoptosis-like cell death. These results suggest that the combination ofC. brasilienseextract and coumarin (-) mammea A/BB can be considered a promising candidate for the development of new antiprotozoal agents, because of its significant leishmanicidal activity.
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências e Fisiopatologia, Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Biomedicina, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil.
authors.forename: Bruna Muller
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Cardoso
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências e Fisiopatologia, Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Biomedicina, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil.
authors.forename: Tatiane Franca Perles
authors.initials: TF
authors.lastname: De Mello
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências e Fisiopatologia, Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Biomedicina, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil.
authors.forename: Daniele Stefani Lopes
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Lera
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Departamento de Farmácia e Farmacologia, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil.
authors.forename: Mislaine Adriana
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Brenzan
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Departamento de Farmácia e Farmacologia, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil.
authors.forename: Diógenes Aparecido Garcia
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Cortez
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
authors.forename: Lucélia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Donatti
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências e Fisiopatologia, Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Biomedicina, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil.
authors.forename: Thais Gomes Verzignassi
authors.initials: TG
authors.lastname: Silveira
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências e Fisiopatologia, Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Biomedicina, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil.
authors.forename: Maria Valdrinez Campana
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Lonardoni
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D000981:Antiprotozoal Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001938:Brazil; D029759:Calophyllum / Q000737:chemistry*; D016923:Cell Death / Q000187:drug effects; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D003374:Coumarins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D053938:DNA Fragmentation / Q000187:drug effects; D007892:Leishmania braziliensis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D016773:Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000469:parasitology; D008752:Methylene Chloride; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000981:Antiprotozoal Agents; D003374:Coumarins; D010936:Plant Extracts; C578354:mammea A-BB; D008752:Methylene Chloride