title: Tubular inverse opal scaffolds for biomimetic vessels.
abstract: There is a clinical need for tissue-engineered blood vessels that can be used to replace or bypass damaged arteries. The success of such grafts depends strongly on their ability to mimic native arteries; however, currently available artificial vessels are restricted by their complex processing, controversial integrity, or uncontrollable cell location and orientation. Here, we present new tubular scaffolds with specific surface microstructures for structural vessel mimicry. The tubular scaffolds are fabricated by rotationally expanding three-dimensional tubular inverse opals that are replicated from colloidal crystal templates in capillaries. Because of the ordered porous structure of the inverse opals, the expanded tubular scaffolds are imparted with circumferentially oriented elliptical pattern microstructures on their surfaces. It is demonstrated that these tailored tubular scaffolds can effectively make endothelial cells to form an integrated hollow tubular structure on their inner surface and induce smooth muscle cells to form a circumferential orientation on their outer surface. These features of our tubular scaffolds make them highly promising for the construction of biomimetic blood vessels.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China. yjzhao@seu.edu.cn gu@seu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Ze
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China. yjzhao@seu.edu.cn gu@seu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China. yjzhao@seu.edu.cn gu@seu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China. yjzhao@seu.edu.cn gu@seu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Yunru
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China. yjzhao@seu.edu.cn gu@seu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Fanfan
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China. yjzhao@seu.edu.cn gu@seu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Huan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China. yjzhao@seu.edu.cn gu@seu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Yuxiao
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China. yjzhao@seu.edu.cn gu@seu.edu.cn and Suzhou Key Laboratory of Environment and Biosafety, Research Institute of Southeast University in Suzhou, Suzhou 215123, China.
authors.forename: Yuanjin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China. yjzhao@seu.edu.cn gu@seu.edu.cn and Suzhou Key Laboratory of Environment and Biosafety, Research Institute of Southeast University in Suzhou, Suzhou 215123, China.
authors.forename: Zhongze
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Gu
mesh_terms: D040761:Biomimetic Materials; D001807:Blood Vessel Prosthesis; D061307:Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells; D006801:Humans; D032389:Myocytes, Smooth Muscle / Q000166:cytology*; D016062:Porosity; D023822:Tissue Engineering; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds