title: A symbiotic SNARE protein generated by alternative termination of transcription.
abstract: Many microbes interact with their hosts across a membrane interface, which is often distinct from existing membranes. Understanding how this interface acquires its identity has significant implications. In the symbiosis between legumes and rhizobia, the symbiosome encases the intracellular bacteria and receives host secretory proteins important for bacterial development. We show that the Medicago truncatula SYNTAXIN 132 (SYP132) gene undergoes alternative cleavage and polyadenylation during transcription, giving rise to two target-membrane soluble NSF attachment protein receptor (t-SNARE) isoforms. One of these isoforms, SYP132A, is induced during the symbiosis, is able to localize to the peribacteroid membrane, and is required for the maturation of symbiosomes into functional forms. The second isoform, SYP132C, has important functions unrelated to symbiosis. The SYP132A sequence is broadly found in flowering plants that form arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis, an ancestral mutualism between soil fungi and most land plants. SYP132A silencing severely inhibited arbuscule colonization, indicating that SYP132A is an ancient factor specifying plant-microbe interfaces.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA.
authors.forename: Huairong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA.|Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA.
authors.forename: Onur
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Oztas
authors.affiliation: National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China.
authors.forename: Xiaowei
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Molecular Evolution, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
authors.forename: Xiaoyi
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA.|Plant Biology Graduate Program, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA.
authors.forename: Christina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Stonoha
authors.affiliation: National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China.
authors.forename: Ertao
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Molecular Evolution, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA.
authors.forename: Dong
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D017398:Alternative Splicing; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000378:metabolism; D046913:Medicago truncatula / Q000166:cytology / Q000235:genetics*; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D026723:Polyadenylation; D020033:Protein Isoforms; D012231:Rhizobium / Q000502:physiology*; D050600:SNARE Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D013559:Symbiosis
chemical_list: D010940:Plant Proteins; D020033:Protein Isoforms; D050600:SNARE Proteins