title: Efavirenz Plasma Concentrations and HIV Viral Load in HIV/AIDS-tuberculosis Infection Patients Treated with Rifampicin.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  to determine the effect of a rifampicin-containing tuberculosis regimen on efavirenz plasma concentrations and viral load in HIV/AIDS-Tuberculosis infection patients who received efavirenz-based antiretroviral therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  plasma efavirenz concentrations and HIV viral load were measured in HIV/AIDS patients treated with 600 mg efavirenz-based antiretroviral for 3 to 6 months and in HIV/AIDS-Tuberculosis infection patients treated with similar antiretroviral regimen plus rifampicin-containing antituberculosis in Sulianti Saroso Infectious disease Hospital, Jakarta. Plasma efavirenz concentration in both groups were compared using Mann-Whitney test, while proportion of patients with viral load >40 copy/mL were analyzed with chi-square test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  forty five patients (27 with HIV/AIDS and 18 with HIV/AIDS-Tuberculosis infections) were recruited during the period of February to May 2015. The median efavirenz plasma concentration obtained from HIV/AIDS group was 0,680 mg/L(range 0,24 to 5,67 mg/L and that obtained from HIV/AIDS-Tuberculosis group was 0.685 mg/L (0.12 -2.23 mg/L) which was not significantly different statistically. The proportion of patients with viral load 40 copies/mL after 3-6 months of ARV treatment in the HIV/AIDS group was 51.9%, and in the HIV/AIDS-Tuberculosis group was 72.2%, which was not significantly different statistically (Chi Square test, p=0.291).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  plasma efavirenz concentration in HIV/AIDS-tuberculosis patients receiving antiretroviral and rifampicin is not significantly different from that on HIV/AIDS patients without tuberculosis. Proportion of patients with viral load of >40 copy/mL is higher in HIV/AIDS-tuberculosis patients receiving rifampicin compared to HIV/AIDS patients that not receive rifampicin. However, this difference did not reach statistical significance. Confirmatory studies with bigger sample size are needed to clarify the influence of rifampicin on plasma level of efavirenzand and on viral load.
authors.affiliation: Departement of Pharmacology and Teurapeutic, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia.
authors.forename: Nina
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mariana
authors.lastname: Purwantyastuti
authors.lastname: Instiaty
authors.forename: Adria
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rusli
mesh_terms: D000163:Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000188:drug therapy*; D000328:Adult; D000480:Alkynes; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000097:blood*; D000904:Antibiotics, Antitubercular / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D048588:Benzoxazines / Q000097:blood*; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D002490:Central Nervous System / Q000187:drug effects; D003521:Cyclopropanes; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012293:Rifampin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014376:Tuberculosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D019562:Viral Load; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000480:Alkynes; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D000904:Antibiotics, Antitubercular; D048588:Benzoxazines; D003521:Cyclopropanes; C098320:efavirenz; D012293:Rifampin