title: α1,2-Fucosyllactose Does Not Improve Intestinal Function or Prevent Escherichia coli F18 Diarrhea in Newborn Pigs.
abstract: Infectious diarrhea, a leading cause of morbidity and deaths, is less prevalent in breastfed infants compared with infants fed infant formula. The dominant human milk oligosaccharide (HMO), α-1,2-fucosyllactose (2'-FL), has structural homology to bacterial adhesion sites in the intestine and may in part explain the protective effects of human milk. We hypothesized that 2'-FL prevents diarrhea via competitive inhibition of pathogen adhesion in a pig model for sensitive newborn infants.
  
  
  
  Intestinal cell studies were coupled with studies on cesarean-delivered newborn pigs (n = 24) without (control) or with inoculation of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli F18 (7.5 × 10/day for 8 days) fed either no (F18) or 10 g/L 2'-FL (2FL-F18).
  
  
  
  In vitro studies revealed decreased pathogen adhesion to intestinal epithelial cells with 2'-FL (5 g/L; P < 0.001). F18 pigs showed more diarrhea than control pigs (P < 0.01). Administration of 2'-FL to F18 pigs failed to prevent diarrhea, although the relative weight loss tended to be reduced (-19 vs -124 g/kg, P = 0.12), higher villi were observed in the distal small intestine (P < 0.05), and a trend toward increased proportion of mucosa and activities of some brush border enzymes in the proximal small intestine. In situ abundance of α-1,2-fucose and E coli was similar between groups, whereas sequencing showed higher abundance of Enterobacteriaceae in F18, Enterococcus in control and Lachnospiraceae in 2FL-F18 pigs.
  
  
  
  2'-FL inhibited in vitro adhesion of E coli F18 to epithelial cells, but had limited effects on diarrhea and mucosal health in newborn pigs challenged with E coli F18.
authors.affiliation: *Comparative Pediatrics and Nutrition, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen †National Veterinary Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby ‡Department of Food Science, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg §Arla Foods Amba, Brabrand, Viby J, Denmark.
authors.forename: Malene S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Cilieborg
authors.forename: Per T
authors.initials: PT
authors.lastname: Sangild
authors.forename: Michael L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Jensen
authors.forename: Mette V
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Østergaard
authors.forename: Lars
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Christensen
authors.forename: Stine O
authors.initials: SO
authors.lastname: Rasmussen
authors.forename: Anne L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Mørbak
authors.forename: Claus B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Jørgensen
authors.forename: Stine B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Bering
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D001422:Bacterial Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003967:Diarrhea / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000382:microbiology; D004927:Escherichia coli Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D007421:Intestine, Small / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D011897:Random Allocation; D013552:Swine; D014312:Trisaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D014312:Trisaccharides; C031420:2'-fucosyllactose