title: Enhanced volumetric visualization for real time 4D intraoperative ophthalmic swept-source OCT.
abstract: Current-generation software for rendering volumetric OCT data sets based on ray casting results in volume visualizations with indistinct tissue features and sub-optimal depth perception. Recent developments in hand-held and microscope-integrated intrasurgical OCT designed for real-time volumetric imaging motivate development of rendering algorithms which are both visually appealing and fast enough to support real time rendering, potentially from multiple viewpoints for stereoscopic visualization. We report on an enhanced, real time, integrated volumetric rendering pipeline which incorporates high performance volumetric median and Gaussian filtering, boundary and feature enhancement, depth encoding, and lighting into a ray casting volume rendering model. We demonstrate this improved model implemented on graphics processing unit (GPU) hardware for real-time volumetric rendering of OCT data during tissue phantom and live human surgical imaging. We show that this rendering produces enhanced 3D visualizations of pathology and intraoperative maneuvers compared to standard ray casting.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Viehland
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
authors.forename: Brenton
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Keller
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
authors.forename: Oscar M
authors.initials: OM
authors.lastname: Carrasco-Zevallos
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
authors.forename: Derek
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Nankivil
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
authors.forename: Liangbo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.affiliation: Deparment of Ophthalmology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham NC 27710, USA.
authors.forename: Shwetha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mangalesh
authors.affiliation: Deparment of Ophthalmology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham NC 27710, USA.
authors.forename: Du Tran
authors.initials: du T
authors.lastname: Viet
authors.affiliation: Deparment of Ophthalmology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham NC 27710, USA.
authors.forename: Anthony N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Kuo
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA; Deparment of Ophthalmology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham NC 27710, USA.
authors.forename: Cynthia A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Toth
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA; Deparment of Ophthalmology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham NC 27710, USA.
authors.forename: Joseph A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Izatt
keywords: (100.0100) Image processing; (110.4500) Optical coherence tomography; (170.4460) Ophthalmic optics and devices