title: Characterization of virus-like particles derived from a GII.3 norovirus strain distantly related with current dominating strains.
abstract: Genogroup II, genotype 3 noroviruses (GII.3 NoVs) are secondary to GII.4 NoVs in causing acute non-bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide. In our previous study, we found that virus-like particles (VLPs) derived from a GII.3 NoV strain exhibited no binding activity to any salivary and synthetic histo-blood group antigens (HBGAs) tested. In this study, the nucleotide sequence encoding the major capsid protein of another documented GII.3 NoV strain was codon-optimized and synthesized, and the major capsid protein was expressed using recombinant baculovirus virus expression system. The assembly of VLPs was verified by electron microscopy, and the binding profiles of the assembled VLPs to salivary HBGAs were determined, and in vitro VLP-salivary HBGAs binding blockade assay was used to test the cross-blocking effects of hyperimmune sera produced against different genotypes (GI.2, GII.3, and GII.4). The expression of the major capsid proteins led to the successful assembly of VLPs, and in vitro VLP-salivary HBGAs binding assay indicated that the assembled VLPs bound to salivary HBGAs from blood type A, B, AB, and O individuals, with the highest binding capacity to type A salivary HBGAs. In vitro VLP-salivary HBGAs binding blockade assay demonstrated the absence of blocking activities for hyperimmune sera produced against GI.2and GII.4 VLPs and the presence of blocking activity for that against GII.3 VLPs. Our results suggest the absence of cross-blocking activities among different genotypes and the presence of blocking activities between GII.3 NoVs from different clusters, which might have implications for the design of multivalent NoV vaccines.
authors.affiliation: Translational Medicine Center, The Sixth People's Hospital of Zhengzhou, No. 29 Jingguangnan Road, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China. 1246105971@qq.com.
authors.forename: Yuqi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Huo
authors.affiliation: Translational Medicine Center, The Sixth People's Hospital of Zhengzhou, No. 29 Jingguangnan Road, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xuhui
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Translational Medicine Center, The Sixth People's Hospital of Zhengzhou, No. 29 Jingguangnan Road, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Lijun
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.affiliation: Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Jinling
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Huo
authors.affiliation: Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Shanfeng
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Mingchen
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yumei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D016367:Baculoviridae / Q000235:genetics; D001483:Base Sequence / Q000235:genetics; D001789:Blood Group Antigens / Q000235:genetics; D036022:Capsid Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D029322:Norovirus / Q000235:genetics*; D011991:Receptors, Virus / Q000235:genetics; D012469:Salivary Glands / Q000821:virology; D053585:Virus Attachment
chemical_list: D001789:Blood Group Antigens; D036022:Capsid Proteins; D011991:Receptors, Virus
keywords: Cross-blocking; GII.3 NoV virus-like particles; Histo-blood group antigens; Noroviruses