title: Reducing methane production by supplementation of Terminalia chebula RETZ. containing tannins and saponins.
abstract: This study investigates the effects of Terminalia chebula Retz. meal supplementation on rumen fermentation and methane (CH4 ) production by using an in vitro gas technique. The experimental design was a completely randomized design (CRD) and the dietary treatments were T. chebula supplementation at 0, 4, 8, 12, 16 and 20 mg with 0.5 g of roughage and concentrate ratio at 60:40. The results revealed that cumulative gas production (96 h of incubation) were higher (P < 0.01) with T. chebula supplementation at 12, 16 and 20 mg than other treatments. However, in vitro dry matter degradability (IVDMD) and in vitro organic matter digestibility (IVOMD) were not significantly different among treatments (P > 0.05). The NH3 -N concentrations tended to quadratically increase with increasing levels of T. chebula in the diet. In addition, total volatile fatty acids (VFA) and propionate concentrations were increased (P < 0.01), while acetate concentration, acetate-to-propionate ratio, CH4 production and protozoal populations were decreased (P < 0.01) when supplemented with T. chebula at 8, 12 and 16 mg, respectively. Based on this study, it could be concluded that supplementation of T. chebula at 12 mg could improve rumen fermentation by reducing CH4 production and protozoa populations, thus improving in vitro gas production and VFA profiles.
authors.affiliation: Program in Animal Production Technology, Faculty of Technology, Udon Thani Rajabhat University, Udon Thani, Thailand.
authors.forename: Nirawan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Anantasook
authors.affiliation: Tropical Feed Resources Research and Development Center (TROFREC), Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.
authors.forename: Metha
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wanapat
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Natural Resources, Rajamangala University of Technology-Isan, Sakon Nakhon Campus, Phangkhon, Sakon Nakhon, Thailand.
authors.forename: Pongsatorn
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gunun
authors.affiliation: Tropical Feed Resources Research and Development Center (TROFREC), Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.
authors.forename: Anusorn
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cherdthong
mesh_terms: D000085:Acetates / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D004063:Digestion; D056890:Eukaryota; D005232:Fatty Acids, Volatile / Q000378:metabolism; D005285:Fermentation; D066298:In Vitro Techniques / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008697:Methane / Q000378:metabolism*; D011422:Propionates / Q000378:metabolism; D012417:Rumen / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000502:physiology*; D012503:Saponins; D013634:Tannins; D029766:Terminalia
chemical_list: D000085:Acetates; D005232:Fatty Acids, Volatile; D011422:Propionates; D012503:Saponins; D013634:Tannins; D008697:Methane
keywords: Terminalia chebula RETZ; methane production; rumen fermentation; saponins; tannins