title: Pharmacist-patient communication about medication regimen adjustment during Ramadan.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  During Ramadan, Muslims fast from dawn to sunset while abstaining from food and drink. Although Muslim patients may be aware of their religious exemption from fasting, many patients still choose not to take that exemption and fast. This study examines pharmacists' initiation and timing of communication about medication regimen adjustment (MRA) with patients related to Ramadan. Predictors for initiating this communication with patients were also explored.
  
  
  METHODS
  A probability sample of community pharmacists in Alexandria, Egypt was surveyed. The self-administered instrument covered timing and likelihood of initiating discussion about MRA. Using ordered logistic regression, a model was estimated to predict pharmacists' initiation of the conversation on MRA during Ramadan.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ninety-three percent of the 298 approached pharmacists completed surveys. Only 16% of the pharmacists reported that they themselves usually initiated the conversation on MRA. Pharmacists' initiation of these conversations was associated with pharmacists' perceived importance of MRA on pharmacy revenue odds ratio ((OR) = 1.24, CI = 1.03-1.48). Eighty percent of the responding pharmacists reported the MRA conversation for chronic conditions started either 1-3 days before, or during the first week of Ramadan.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest considerable pharmacist patient communication gaps regarding medication use during Ramadan. It is especially important for pharmacists and other health professionals to initiate communication with Muslim patients early enough to identify how best to help patients transition safely into and out of Ramadan as they fast.
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
authors.forename: Mohamed E K
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Amin
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.|Sonderegger Research Center, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
authors.forename: Betty
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Chewning
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003142:Communication; D003157:Community Pharmacy Services / Q000458:organization & administration; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D004534:Egypt; D005215:Fasting; D005260:Female; D019538:Health Care Surveys; D006801:Humans; D007514:Islam; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010353:Patient Education as Topic / Q000379:methods; D010595:Pharmacists / Q000458:organization & administration*; D011369:Professional-Patient Relations; D013997:Time Factors; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Egypt; Ramadan; communication; fasting; pharmacist