title: Linking Suspension Nasal Spray Drug Deposition Patterns to Pharmacokinetic Profiles: A Proof-of-Concept Study Using Computational Fluid Dynamics.
abstract: The objective of this study was to link regional nasal spray deposition patterns of suspension formulations, predicted with computational fluid dynamics, to in vivo human pharmacokinetic plasma concentration profiles. This is accomplished through the use of computational fluid dynamics simulations coupled with compartmental pharmacokinetic modeling. Results showed a rapid initial rise in plasma concentration that is due to the absorption of drug particles deposited in the nasal middle passages, followed by a slower increase in plasma concentration that is governed by the transport of drug particles from the nasal vestibule to the middle passages. Although drug deposition locations in the nasal cavity had a significant effect on the shape of the concentration profile, the absolute bioavailability remained constant provided that all the drug remained in the nose over the course of the simulation. Loss of drug through the nostrils even after long periods resulted in a significant decrease in bioavailability and increased variability. The results of this study quantify how differences in nasal drug deposition affect transient plasma concentrations and overall bioavailability. These findings are potentially useful for establishing bioequivalence for nasal spray devices and reducing the burden of in vitro testing, pharmacodynamics, and clinical studies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284-3015.
authors.forename: Alex
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rygg
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284-3015.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hindle
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284-3015; Department of Pharmaceutics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284-3015. Electronic address: pwlongest@vcu.edu.
authors.forename: P Worth
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Longest
mesh_terms: D000281:Administration, Intranasal / Q000379:methods; D003198:Computer Simulation; D006801:Humans; D057446:Hydrodynamics; D008954:Models, Biological; D009296:Nasal Cavity / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D059085:Nasal Sprays; D000075082:Proof of Concept Study
chemical_list: D059085:Nasal Sprays
keywords: clearance; dissolution; nasal absorption; nasal drug delivery; pharmacokinetics