title: DNA Methylation: An Epigenetic Insight into Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
abstract: DNA methylation, a major regulator of epigenetic modifications has been shown to alter the expression of genes that are involved in aspects of glucose metabolism such as glucose intolerance, insulin resistance, β-cell dysfunction and other conditions, and it ultimately leads to the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Current evidences indicate an association of DNA methylation with T2DM. This review provides an overview of how various factors play crucial roles in T2DM pathogenesis and how DNA methylation interacts with these factors. Additionally, an update on current techniques of DNA methylation analysis with their pros and cons is provided as a basis for the adoption of suitable techniques in future DNA methylation research towards better management of T2DM. To elucidate the mechanistic relationship between vital environmental factors and the development of T2DM, a better understanding of the changes in gene expression associated with DNA methylation at the molecular level is still needed.
authors.forename: Fahmida
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Alam
authors.forename: Md Asiful
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Islam
authors.forename: Siew Hua
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Gan
authors.forename: Mafauzy
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mohamed
authors.affiliation: Human Genome Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Teguh Haryo
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Sasongko
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019175:DNA Methylation; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000235:genetics* / Q000503:physiopathology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D044127:Epigenesis, Genetic; D006801:Humans; D012307:Risk Factors