title: Evaluation of the impact of carotid artery bifurcation angle on hemodynamics by use of computational fluid dynamics: a simulation and volunteer study.
abstract: In this study, we evaluated the hemodynamics of carotid artery bifurcation with various geometries using simulated and volunteer models based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) was analyzed by use of OpenFOAM. The velocity distribution, streamline, and wall shear stress (WSS) were evaluated in a simulated model with known bifurcation angles (30°, 40°, 50°, 60°, derived from patients' data) and in three-dimensional (3D) healthy volunteer models. Separated flow was observed at the outer side of the bifurcation, and large bifurcation models represented upstream transfer of the point. Local WSS values at the outer bifurcation [both simulated (<30 Pa) and volunteer (<50 Pa) models] were lower than those in the inner region (>100 Pa). The bifurcation angle had a significant negative correlation with the WSS value (p<0.05). The results of this study show that the carotid artery bifurcation angle is related to the WSS value. This suggests that hemodynamic stress can be estimated based on the carotid artery geometry. The construction of a clinical database for estimation of developing atherosclerosis is warranted.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiological Technology, Kokura Memorial Hospital, 3-2-1, Asano Kitakyusyu, Fukuoka, 802-8555, Japan. sahotatsu@gmail.com.|Program in Biological System Sciences, Graduate School of Comprehensive Scientific Research, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, 1-1, Gakuenmachi Mihra, Hiroshima, 723-0053, Japan. sahotatsu@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Tatsunori
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Saho
authors.affiliation: Program in Biological System Sciences, Graduate School of Comprehensive Scientific Research, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, 1-1, Gakuenmachi Mihra, Hiroshima, 723-0053, Japan.
authors.forename: Hideo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Onishi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002339:Carotid Arteries / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000502:physiology*; D003198:Computer Simulation; D005260:Female; D064368:Healthy Volunteers; D006439:Hemodynamics; D006801:Humans; D057446:Hydrodynamics; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D013599:Systole / Q000502:physiology
keywords: Atherosclerosis; Carotid artery bifurcation angle; Computational fluid dynamics; Pulsatile flow; Wall shear stress