title: A pqr2 mutant encodes a defective polyamine transporter and is negatively affected by ABA for paraquat resistance in Arabidopsis thaliana.
abstract: Despite the paraquat-resistant mutants that have been reported in plants, this study identified a novel A. thaliana mutant (pqr2) from an XVE inducible activation library based on its resistance to 2 μM paraquat. The pqr2 mutant exhibited a termination mutation in the exon of AT1G31830/PAR1/PQR2, encoded a polyamine uptake transporter AtPUT2/PAR1/PQR2. The PQR2 mutation could largely reduce superoxide accumulation and cell death in the pqr2 plants under paraquat treatment. Moreover, compared with wild type, the pqr2 mutant exhibited much reduced tolerance to putrescine, a classic polyamine compound, which confirmed that PQR2 encoded a defective polyamine transporter. Notably, co-treated with ABA and paraquat, both pqr2 mutant and wild type exhibited a lethal phenotype from seed germination, but the wild type like pqr2 mutant, could remain paraquat-resistance while co-treated with high dosage of Na2WO4, an ABA synthesis inhibitor. Gene expression analysis suggested that ABA signaling should widely regulate paraquat-responsive genes distinctively in wild type and pqr2 mutant. Hence, this study has for the first time reported about ABA negative effect on paraquat-resistance in A. thaliana, providing insight into the ABA signaling involved in the oxidative stress responses induced by paraquat in plants.
authors.affiliation: Biomass and Bioenergy Research Centre, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.|National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
authors.forename: Shuchao
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.affiliation: Biomass and Bioenergy Research Centre, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.|National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
authors.forename: Huizhen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Biomass and Bioenergy Research Centre, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.|National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
authors.forename: Youmei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Biomass and Bioenergy Research Centre, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.|National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
authors.forename: Zhengdan
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Biomass and Bioenergy Research Centre, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.|National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zha
authors.affiliation: Biomass and Bioenergy Research Centre, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.|Department of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, 58102, USA.
authors.forename: Xiwen
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.affiliation: Biomass and Bioenergy Research Centre, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
authors.forename: Liangcai
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.affiliation: Biomass and Bioenergy Research Centre, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China. fengsq@mail.hzau.edu.cn.|National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China. fengsq@mail.hzau.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Shengqiu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Feng
mesh_terms: D000040:Abscisic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000222:Adaptation, Physiological / Q000187:drug effects; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics*; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant / Q000187:drug effects; D053209:Herbicide Resistance; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics*; D010269:Paraquat / Q000633:toxicity*; D010641:Phenotype; D011073:Polyamines / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins; D011073:Polyamines; D000040:Abscisic Acid; D010269:Paraquat
keywords: A. thaliana; ABA; Paraquat resistance; Polyamine transporter