title: An RLP23-SOBIR1-BAK1 complex mediates NLP-triggered immunity.
abstract: Plants and animals employ innate immune systems to cope with microbial infection. Pattern-triggered immunity relies on the recognition of microbe-derived patterns by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). Necrosis and ethylene-inducing peptide 1-like proteins (NLPs) constitute plant immunogenic patterns that are unique, as these proteins are produced by multiple prokaryotic (bacterial) and eukaryotic (fungal, oomycete) species. Here we show that the leucine-rich repeat receptor protein (LRR-RP) RLP23 binds in vivo to a conserved 20-amino-acid fragment found in most NLPs (nlp20), thereby mediating immune activation in Arabidopsis thaliana. RLP23 forms a constitutive, ligand-independent complex with the LRR receptor kinase (LRR-RK) SOBIR1 (Suppressor of Brassinosteroid insensitive 1 (BRI1)-associated kinase (BAK1)-interacting receptor kinase 1), and recruits a second LRR-RK, BAK1, into a tripartite complex upon ligand binding. Stable, ectopic expression of RLP23 in potato (Solanum tuberosum) confers nlp20 pattern recognition and enhanced immunity to destructive oomycete and fungal plant pathogens, such as Phytophthora infestans and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. PRRs that recognize widespread microbial patterns might be particularly suited for engineering immunity in crop plants.
authors.affiliation: Center of Plant Molecular Biology (ZMBP), University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 32, Tübingen D-72076, Germany.
authors.forename: Isabell
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Albert
authors.affiliation: Center of Plant Molecular Biology (ZMBP), University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 32, Tübingen D-72076, Germany.
authors.forename: Hannah
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Böhm
authors.affiliation: Center of Plant Molecular Biology (ZMBP), University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 32, Tübingen D-72076, Germany.
authors.forename: Markus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Albert
authors.affiliation: Center of Plant Molecular Biology (ZMBP), University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 32, Tübingen D-72076, Germany.
authors.forename: Christina E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Feiler
authors.affiliation: Center of Plant Molecular Biology (ZMBP), University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 32, Tübingen D-72076, Germany.
authors.forename: Julia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Imkampe
authors.affiliation: Center of Plant Molecular Biology (ZMBP), University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 32, Tübingen D-72076, Germany.
authors.forename: Niklas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Wallmeroth
authors.affiliation: Center of Plant Molecular Biology (ZMBP), University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 32, Tübingen D-72076, Germany.
authors.forename: Caterina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Brancato
authors.affiliation: Plant-Microbe Interactions, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, Utrecht 3584 CH, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Tom M
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1056-7177
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Raaymakers
authors.affiliation: Plant-Microbe Interactions, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, Utrecht 3584 CH, The Netherlands.|Centre for BioSystems Genomics (CBSG), Wageningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Stan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Oome
authors.affiliation: Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
authors.forename: Heqiao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Würzburg, Julius-von-Sachs-Platz 2, Würzburg D-97082, Germany.
authors.forename: Elzbieta
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Krol
authors.affiliation: Center of Plant Molecular Biology (ZMBP), University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 32, Tübingen D-72076, Germany.
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5820-4466
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Grefen
authors.affiliation: Center of Plant Molecular Biology (ZMBP), University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 32, Tübingen D-72076, Germany.
authors.forename: Andrea A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Gust
authors.affiliation: Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
authors.forename: Jijie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chai
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Würzburg, Julius-von-Sachs-Platz 2, Würzburg D-97082, Germany.
authors.forename: Rainer
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hedrich
authors.affiliation: Plant-Microbe Interactions, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, Utrecht 3584 CH, The Netherlands.|Centre for BioSystems Genomics (CBSG), Wageningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Guido
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0183-8978
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Van den Ackerveken
authors.affiliation: Center of Plant Molecular Biology (ZMBP), University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 32, Tübingen D-72076, Germany.
authors.forename: Thorsten
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nürnberger