title: Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD) region gene 1 (FRG1) expression and possible function in mouse tooth germ development.
abstract: Abnormal expression of Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD) region gene 1 (FRG1) is involved in the pathogenesis of FSHD. FRG1 is also important for the normal muscular and vascular development. Our previous study showed that FRG1 is one of the highly expressed genes in the mandible on embryonic day 10.5 (E10.5) than on E12.0. In this study, we investigated the temporospatial expression pattern of FRG1 mRNA and protein during the development of the mouse lower first molar, and also evaluated the subcellular localization of the FRG1 protein in mouse dental epithelial (mDE6) cells. The FRG1 expression was identified in the dental epithelial and mesenchymal cells at the initiation and bud stages. It was detected in the inner enamel epithelium at the cap and early bell stages. At the late bell and root formation stages, these signals were detected in ameloblasts and odontoblasts during the formation of enamel and dentin matrices, respectively. The FRG1 protein was localized in the cytoplasm in the mouse tooth germ in vivo, while FRG1 was detected predominantly in the nucleus and faintly in the cytoplasm in mDE6 cells in vitro. In mDE6 cells treated with bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4), the protein expression of FRG1 increased in cytoplasm, suggesting that FRG1 may translocate to the cytoplasm. These findings suggest that FRG1 is involved in the morphogenesis of the tooth germ, as well as in the formation of enamel and dentin matrices and that FRG1 may play a role in the odontogenesis in the mouse following BMP4 stimulation.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Oral Pathology, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.|Department of Endodontology and Operative Dentistry, Division of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: Kana
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hasegawa
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Oral Pathology, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan. hiroko@dent.kyushu-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Hiroko
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wada
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Oral Pathology, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.
authors.forename: Kengo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nagata
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Oral Pathology, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fujiwara
authors.affiliation: Division of General Dentistry, Kyushu University Hospital, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: Naohisa
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Wada
authors.affiliation: Section of Implant and Rehabilitative Dentistry, Division of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: Hirotaka
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Someya
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Oral Pathology, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.|Section of Oral and Maxillofacial Oncology, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: Yurie
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Mikami
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Oral Pathology, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.
authors.forename: Hidetaka
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sakai
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Oral Pathology, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.
authors.forename: Tamotsu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kiyoshima
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000378:metabolism; D015870:Gene Expression; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D051379:Mice; D008840:Microfilament Proteins; D009805:Odontogenesis / Q000235:genetics*; D021381:Protein Transport; D011506:Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins; D014078:Tooth Eruption / Q000235:genetics; D014083:Tooth Germ / Q000196:embryology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D014092:Tooth Root / Q000196:embryology / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C484440:Frg1 protein, mouse; D008840:Microfilament Proteins; D011506:Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins
keywords: Expression pattern; FRG1; Intracellular localization; Tooth development; Tooth germ