title: Structured self-monitoring of blood glucose regimens improve glycemic control in poorly controlled Chinese patients on insulin therapy: Results from COMPASS.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The use of self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) among patients with insulin-treated, type 2 diabetes (T2DM) in China is suboptimal. Herein we evaluated the effectiveness of structured SMBG for improving glycemic control and increasing the frequency of SMBG.
  
  
  METHODS
  Insulin-treated (>3 months) T2DM patients aged ≥18 years with HbA1c >8.0 % (64 mmol/mol) were recruited to the study. They received SMBG materials and were advised on a structured SMBG regimen for their insulin therapy. Patients were trained to self-adjust insulin dosage according to SMBG readings and were seen by physicians at Months 3 and 6. Endpoints included changes in HbA1c, SMBG frequency, and hypoglycemia frequency.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The study enrolled 820 patients, with mean (± SD) age 55.1 ± 9.8 years, body mass index 24.9 ± 3.6 kg/m2, HbA1c 9.7 ± 1.6 % (83 mmol/mol), and diabetes duration 9.8 ± 7.1 years, with median insulin therapy of 30.3 (3.0-274.1) months, from 19 Chinese clinics. By Month 3, 99.9 % of patients performed daily SMBG. At Months 3 and 6, HbA1c had decreased from baseline (-1.81 % and -1.73 %, respective; P < 0.0001 for both), with reduced hypoglycemia. In addition, 36.2 % and 39.9 % of patients achieved HbA1c <7.0 % (53 mmol/mol) at Months 3 and 6, respectively. The largest HbA1c improvements were for patients with a shorter duration of diabetes and insulin therapy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A structured SMBG regimen, with training on interpretation of and responses to SMBG readings, increased SMBG frequency and improved HbA1c and the management of insulin-treated T2DM.
authors.affiliation: Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Linong
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ji
authors.affiliation: Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Qing
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Su
authors.affiliation: Tongji University Oriental Hospital, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.affiliation: The First Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning, China.
authors.forename: Zhongyan
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Shan
authors.affiliation: Huashan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Renming
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Xiaoping
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Xing
authors.affiliation: Nan Fang Hospital, Guangdong, China.
authors.forename: Yaoming
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xue
authors.affiliation: The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University (Jiangsu Province People's Hospital), Jiangsu, China.
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Zhejiang Province People's Hospital, Zhejiang, China.
authors.forename: Yanyin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hua
mesh_terms: D044466:Asian People; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis*; D015190:Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D002681:China; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000208:ethnology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007328:Insulin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011446:Prospective Studies
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin
keywords: 2型糖尿病; insulin-treated; self-management; structured self-monitoring of blood glucose; type 2 diabetes; 结构化自我血糖监测; 胰岛素治疗; 自我管理