title: Thinking styles of university deaf or hard of hearing students and hearing students.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Although their university enrollment has increased dramatically over the past two decades, deaf or hard of hearing (DHH) students face great challenges and a tremendous environmental adjustment when entering a mainstream university. This study aims to facilitate DHH students' university success through exploring differences in thinking styles between DHH and hearing students from Art and Design academic disciplines in two universities in China.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Thinking Styles Inventory-Revised II (TSI-R2) and its accommodated version were administered to 286 hearing and 256 DHH students, respectively. A demographic sheet was administered to all 542 participants.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Results show that DHH students tended to score significantly lower on Type I thinking styles (legislative and global), Type II executive style, and Type III external style than hearing students. In addition, differences in Type I styles (liberal and hierarchical) and Type II executive style between DHH and hearing students were significantly influenced by institution.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present research indicates that DHH and hearing students have significant differences in their thinking styles. This yields implications for the higher education of DHH students, and for deaf schools preparing DHH students for university entry.
authors.affiliation: Center for Special Educational Needs and Inclusive Education, The Hong Kong Institute of Education, Hong Kong. Electronic address: ccnu1314@163.com.
authors.forename: Sanyin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: Faculty of History and Culture, The Shan Dong University, China.
authors.forename: Xiaozhong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Department of Special Education and Counselling, The Hong Kong Institute of Education, Hong Kong.
authors.forename: Kuen Fung
authors.initials: KF
authors.lastname: Sin
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002681:China; D003638:Deafness / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008282:Mainstreaming, Education; D008297:Male; D019986:Persons with Hearing Disabilities / Q000523:psychology*; D013334:Students / Q000523:psychology*; D013850:Thinking; D014495:Universities; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Deaf or hard of hearing; Thinking styles; University student