title: Impact of body mass index, age and varicocele on reproductive hormone profile from elderly men.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the impact of obesity, age and varicocele on sexual hormones of adult and elderly men.
  
  
  METHODS
  875 men who were screened for prostate cancer were enrolled in this study. Data recorded comprised age, body mass index (BMI), serum levels of total testosterone (TT), free testosterone (FT), sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicular stimulating hormone (FSH). Patients were divided in groups according to their BMI in underweight, normal weight, overweight and obese grades 1, 2 or 3. First, it was studied the association between age, BMI, and hormone profile. Then, clinical varicocele was evaluated in 298 patients to assess its correlation to the others parameters.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Obese patients had lower levels of TT, FT and SHBG (p<0.001) compared to underweight or normal weight patients. There were no differences in age (p=0.113), FSH serum levels (p=0.863) and LH serum levels (p=0.218) between obese and non-obese patients. Obese grade 3 had lower levels of TT and FT compared to obese grade 1 and 2 (p<0.05). There was no difference in the SHBG levels (p=0.120) among obese patients. There was no association between varicocele and BMI; and varicocele did not impact on testosterone or SHBG levels.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Men with higher BMI have a lower serum level of TT, FT and SHBG. The presence of clinical varicocele as well as its grade has no impact on hormone profile in elderly men.
authors.affiliation: Divisão de Urologia da Universidade de São Paulo Faculdade de Medicina de São Paulo, Brasil.
authors.forename: K G R
authors.initials: KG
authors.lastname: Yamacake
authors.affiliation: Grupo no Centro de Reprodução Humana da Universidade de São Paulo Faculdade de Medicina de São Paulo, Brasil.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cocuzza
authors.affiliation: Divisão de Urologia da Universidade de São Paulo Faculdade de Medicina de São Paulo, Brasil.
authors.forename: F C M
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Torricelli
authors.affiliation: Divisão de Urologia da Universidade de São Paulo Faculdade de Medicina de São Paulo, Brasil.
authors.forename: B C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Tiseo
authors.affiliation: Faculdade de Medicina de São Paulo, Universidade de São Paulo, Brasil.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Frati
authors.affiliation: Divisão de Urologia da Universidade de São Paulo Faculdade de Medicina de São Paulo, Brasil.
authors.forename: G C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Freire
authors.affiliation: Divisão de Urologia da Universidade de São Paulo Faculdade de Medicina de São Paulo, Brasil.
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Antunes
authors.affiliation: Divisão de Urologia da Universidade de São Paulo Faculdade de Medicina de São Paulo, Brasil.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Srougi
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015992:Body Mass Index; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood* / Q000503:physiopathology; D012016:Reference Values; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012738:Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin / Q000032:analysis*; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013739:Testosterone / Q000097:blood*; D014646:Varicocele / Q000097:blood* / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D012738:Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin; D013739:Testosterone; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone