title: Investigation of MMP-1 genetic polymorphisms and protein expression and their effects on the risk of Kashin-Beck disease in the northwest Chinese Han population.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The etiology of Kashin-Beck disease (KBD), an endemic osteochondropathy, is largely unknown. Matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) plays a central role in the initiation and progression of cartilage destruction; however, no study has reported on the relationship between KBD and MMP-1. This study was to investigate the role of MMP-1 in the pathogenesis and progression of KBD.
  
  
  METHODS
  Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping was conducted for 274 KBD cases and 248 healthy controls using the Sequenom MassARRAY system. Additionally, the expression of MMP-1 in the knee articular cartilage of 22 KBD patients and 21 controls was analyzed by immunohistochemistry, and the concentration of MMP-1 in their joint fluid was also measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results showed that two SNPs (rs470221 and rs1144396) had a weak association with increased KBD risk; however, the significance of these results did not survive Bonferroni's correction. Moreover, the percentages of cells expressing MMP-1 in each layer of cartilage were significantly higher in the KBD group than in the controls (F = 11.41-28.31, P = 0.002-0.000). The concentration of MMP-1 in KBD joint fluid was significantly higher than that in the controls (t = 9.83, P < 0.0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The increased expression of MMP-1 has a potential effect on the risk of KBD in the northwest Chinese Han population. However, six selected SNPs in the MMP-1 gene might not be useful as significant markers for predicting KBD susceptibility in Chinese Han population. Therefore, future studies in the association of MMP-1 with KBD should focus on other candidate SNPs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical Collage of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shannxi, 710061, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xiaowei
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Key Laboratory of Environment and Gene Related Diseases of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of Ministry of Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Aili
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lv
authors.affiliation: Institute for Endemic Disease Control and Prevention of Qinhai Province, Xining, Qinghai, 811602, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Key Laboratory of Environment and Gene Related Diseases of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of Ministry of Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Key Laboratory of Environment and Gene Related Diseases of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of Ministry of Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wen
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Key Laboratory of Environment and Gene Related Diseases of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of Ministry of Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Zengtie
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Key Laboratory of Environment and Gene Related Diseases of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of Ministry of Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, People's Republic of China. guox@mail.xjtu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Xiong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Guo
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D044466:Asian People / Q000235:genetics*; D002358:Cartilage, Articular / Q000378:metabolism; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D057767:Kashin-Beck Disease / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D020781:Matrix Metalloproteinase 1 / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D008875:Middle Aged; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide / Q000235:genetics*; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: C522360:MMP1 protein, human; D020781:Matrix Metalloproteinase 1
keywords: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; Immunohistochemistry; Kashin-Beck disease; Matrix metalloproteinase-1; Single nucleotide polymorphisms