Effects of progressive muscle relaxation on cerebral activity: An fMRI investigation.
OBJECTIVE
Progressive muscle relaxation (PMR) is one of the self-management relaxation techniques that can be used in the general population and patients with specific issues. However, no study to date has revealed the brain activity associated with PMR. Therefore, we assessed the changes in brain activity induced by PMR using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI).


METHODS
We conducted an intervention study with PMR and control sessions. The subjects were twelve healthy adult men who had no prior experience of PMR.


METHODS
Subjects performed a control session in which muscles were repeatedly simply tensed and relaxed. Subsequently, a PMR session took place, during which muscle tension was reduced through a systematic procedure of tensing and relaxing of muscle groups combined with structured breathing.


METHODS
We identified and visualised brain activity based on individual and group-level analysis of fMRI data.


RESULTS
Eleven subjects' data were analysed. In the control session, brain activity broadly changed, while the change was limited to specific parts of the cerebral cortex and limbic system in the PMR session. PMR gradually decreased activity in the superior frontal gyrus (SFG), inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), and posterior cingulate cortex (PCC). In a region of interest (ROI) analysis, interactions between sessions were observed in the putamen, anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), postcentral gyrus (PCG), and insula.


CONCLUSIONS
That PMR led to few areas showing changed activity suggests that the technique may suppress brain activity. Even novices may be able to induce such a focused mental state.
Department of Nursing, Gunma University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Japan. Electronic address: kobashino831@gmail.com.
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Kobayashi
Faculty of Nursing, Kyoto Tachibana University, Japan.
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Koitabashi
D000328:Adult; D001326:Autogenic Training; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D009126:Muscle Relaxation / Q000502:physiology; D055815:Young Adult
Brain activity; Progressive muscle relaxation; fMRI