Elucidating the influence of praziquantel nanosuspensions on the in vivo metabolism of Taenia crassiceps cysticerci.
The aim of this work was to develop nanosuspensions of praziquantel (PZQ) and to evaluate their influence on the energetic metabolism of cysticerci inoculated in BALB/c mice. We analyzed metabolic alterations of glycolytic pathways and the tricarboxylic acid cycle in the parasite. The nanosuspensions were prepared by precipitation and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), poloxamer 188 (P188) and poloxamer 407 (P407) were used as stabilizers. Nanosuspension prepared with PVA had a particle size of 100nm, while P188- and P407-based nanosuspensions had particle sizes of 74nm and 285nm, respectively. The zeta potential was -8.1, -8.6, and -13.2 for the formulations stabilized with PVA, P188 and P407, respectively. Treatments of T. crassiceps cysticerci-infected mice resulted in an increase in glycolysis organic acids, and enhanced the partial reversion of the tricarboxylic acid cycle, the urea cycle and the production of ketonic bodies in the parasites when compared to the groups treated with conventional PZQ. These data suggest that PZQ nanosuspensions greatly modified the energetic metabolism of cysticerci in vivo. Moreover, the remarkable metabolic alterations produced by the stabilizers indicate that further studies on nanoformulations are required to find potentially suitable nanomedicines.
State University of Goias, Br 153, Km 99, Anápolis-Goiás, Brazil.
Luciana Damacena
LD
Silva
Institute of Chemistry, IQUIR-CONICET. National Council Research, Suipacha 531, 2000, Rosario, Argentina.
Eva Carolina
EC
Arrúa
State University of Goias, Br 153, Km 99, Anápolis-Goiás, Brazil.
Dayanne Amaral
DA
Pereira
Tropical Pathology and Public Health Institute, 235 street, Federal University of Goias, Goiania, CEP: 74605-050, Brazil.
Carolina Miguel
CM
Fraga
Tropical Pathology and Public Health Institute, 235 street, Federal University of Goias, Goiania, CEP: 74605-050, Brazil.
Tatiane Luiza da
TL
Costa
Institute of Parasitology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Berne Länggass-Strasse 122, CH-3012 Berne, Switzerland.
Andrew
A
Hemphill
Institute of Chemistry, IQUIR-CONICET. National Council Research, Suipacha 531, 2000, Rosario, Argentina; Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmaceutical and Biochemical Sciences, National University of Rosario, Suipacha 531, 2000, Rosario, Argentina. Electronic address: csalomon@fbioyf.unr.edu.ar.
Claudio Javier
CJ
Salomon
Tropical Pathology and Public Health Institute, 235 street, Federal University of Goias, Goiania, CEP: 74605-050, Brazil. Electronic address: marinavinaud@gmail.com.
Marina Clare
MC
Vinaud
D000818:Animals; D003551:Cysticercosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003552:Cysticercus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D053758:Nanoparticles; D011223:Praziquantel / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013621:Taenia / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism*
D011223:Praziquantel
Energetic metabolism; Nanosuspensions; Praziquantel; Taenia crassiceps