Freehand three-dimensional ultrasound to assess semitendinosus muscle morphology.
In several neurological disorders and muscle injuries, morphological changes of the m. semitendinosus (ST) are presumed to contribute to movement limitations around the knee. Freehand three-dimensional (3D) ultrasound (US), using position tracking of two-dimensional US images to reconstruct a 3D voxel array, can be used to assess muscle morphology in vivo. The aims of this study were: (i) to introduce a newly developed 3D US protocol for ST; and (ii) provide a first comparison of morphological characteristics determined by 3D US with those measured on dissected cadaveric muscles. Morphological characteristics of ST (e.g. muscle belly length, tendon length, fascicle length and whole muscle volume, and volumes of both compartments) were assessed in six cadavers using a 3D US protocol. Subsequently, ST muscles were removed from the body to measure the same morphological characteristics. Mean differences between morphological characteristics measured by 3D US and after dissection were smaller than 10%. Intra-class correlation coefficients (ICCs) were higher than 0.75 for all variables except for the lengths of proximal fascicles (ICC = 0.58). Measurement of the volume of proximal compartment by 3D US was not feasible, due to low US image quality proximally. We conclude that the presented 3D US protocol allows for reasonably accurate measurements of key morphological characteristics of ST muscle.
Laboratory for Myology, Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam, The Netherlands.|Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, VU University Medical Center, MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Helga
H
Haberfehlner
Laboratory for Myology, Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Huub
H
Maas
Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, VU University Medical Center, MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Jaap
J
Harlaar
Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, VU University Medical Center, MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Jules G
JG
Becher
Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, VU University Medical Center, MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Annemieke I
AI
Buizer
Laboratory for Myology, Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Richard T
RT
Jaspers
D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002102:Cadaver; D005260:Female; D000070633:Hamstring Muscles / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D014463:Ultrasonography / Q000379:methods*
geometry; hamstrings; muscle architecture; three-dimensional ultrasonography