Advances in Chromobacterium violaceum and properties of violacein-Its main secondary metabolite: A review.
Chromobacterium violaceum is important in the production of violacein, like other bacteria, such as Alteromonas, Janthinobacterium, Pseudoalteromonas, Duganella, Collimonas and Escherichia. Violacein is a versatile pigment, where it exhibits several biological activities, and every year, it shows increasing commercially interesting uses, especially for industrial applications in cosmetics, medicines and fabrics. This review on violacein focuses mainly on the last five years of research regarding this target compound and describes production and importance of quorum sensing in C. violaceum, mechanistic aspects of its biosynthesis, monitoring processes, genetic perspectives, pathogenic effects, antiparasitic and antimicrobial activities, immunomodulatory potential and uses, antitumor potential and industrial applications.
Institute of Chemistry, Biological Chemistry Laboratory, University of Campinas, CP 6154, CEP 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil; NanoBioss, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil; LNNano (CNPEM) Campinas, SP, Brazil. Electronic address: duran@iqm.unicamp.br.
Nelson
N
Durán
Department of Cell Biology and Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP-Diadema), SP, Brazil.
Giselle Z
GZ
Justo
NanoBioss, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil; Institute of Biology, Urogenital, Carcinogenesis and Immunotherapy Laboratory, University of Campinas, SP, Brazil.
Marcela
M
Durán
Institute of Biology, Department Genetics, Evolution and Bioagents, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
Marcelo
M
Brocchi
NanoBioss, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil; Institute of Biology, Department Genetics, Evolution and Bioagents, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
Livia
L
Cordi
Institute of Chemistry, Biological Chemistry Laboratory, University of Campinas, CP 6154, CEP 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil; NanoBioss, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
Ljubica
L
Tasic
Nanobiomaterials Laboratory, Applied Biotechnology Institute (CINDEFI, UNLP-CONICET CCT La Plata) - School of Sciences, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina.
Guillermo R
GR
Castro
Department of Microbiology, Biology Sciences Center, Londrina State University (UEL), Londrina, Brazil.
Gerson
G
Nakazato
D000818:Animals; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002861:Chromobacterium; D006801:Humans; D007211:Indoles; D007218:Industrial Microbiology; D051379:Mice; D010860:Pigments, Biological
D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D007211:Indoles; D010860:Pigments, Biological; C063155:violacein
Anticancer; Antiparasitic; Antrimicrobial; Chromobacterium violaceum; Industrial applications; Violacein