Neonatal Outcomes in Women With Untreated Antenatal Depression Compared With Women Without Depression: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.
OBJECTIVE
Despite the prevalence of antenatal depression and the fact that only one-third of pregnant women with depression consider it acceptable to take antidepressants, the effect of untreated depression on neonatal outcomes remains to be addressed thoroughly.


OBJECTIVE
To undertake a systematic review and meta-analysis to understand the effect of untreated depression on neonatal outcomes.


METHODS
We executed our search strategy, with emphasis on its exhaustiveness, in MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Web of Science. The search was conducted in July, 2015.


METHODS
We included randomized and nonrandomized studies that examined neonatal outcomes in women with depression receiving neither pharmacological nor nonpharmacological treatment compared with women without depression.


METHODS
Two reviewers independently screened titles and abstracts, assessed full-text articles, extracted data, and assessed their quality using a modified version of the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. We pooled data using random-effects meta-analyses, quantified heterogeneity using the I2 statistic, and explored it with subgroup analyses by type of assessment of depression, severity, reported conflicts of interest, and study quality.


METHODS
Primary outcomes were preterm birth before 37 weeks and before 32 weeks, small and large for gestational age, low birth weight, and neonatal intensive care unit admission.


RESULTS
Of the 6646 titles initially identified, 23 studies met inclusion criteria, all observational, with a total of 25 663 women. Untreated depression was associated with significantly increased risks of preterm birth (odds ratio [OR], 1.56; 95% CI, 1.25-1.94; 14 studies; I2, 39%) and low birth weight (OR, 1.96; 95% CI, 1.24-3.10; 8 studies; I2, 48%), with a trend toward higher risks for exposure to more severe depression. While the odds of preterm birth more than doubled in studies reporting conflicts of interest (OR, 2.50; 95% CI, 1.70-3.67; 5 studies; I2, 0%), studies not reporting such conflicts showed more moderate results (OR, 1.34; 95% CI, 1.08-1.66; 9 studies; I2, 30%).


CONCLUSIONS
Our results contrast with what is, to our knowledge, the only previous systematic review that examined the question of untreated depression because we found significant risks of 2 key perinatal outcomes, preterm birth and low birth weight. These are important results for pregnant women and clinicians to take into account in the decision-making process around depression treatment.
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
Alexander
A
Jarde
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
Michelle
M
Morais
Faculty of Nursing, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
Dawn
D
Kingston
Healthy Mothers Healthy Families Group, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
Rebecca
R
Giallo
Department of Psychiatry, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
Glenda M
GM
MacQueen
Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
Lucy
L
Giglia
Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
Joseph
J
Beyene
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
Yi
Y
Wang
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
Sarah D
SD
McDonald
D000928:Antidepressive Agents / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003661:Decision Support Techniques; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007230:Infant, Low Birth Weight; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D064887:Observational Studies as Topic; D007752:Obstetric Labor, Premature / Q000209:etiology* / Q000523:psychology; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology*; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D012306:Risk
D000928:Antidepressive Agents