Implant surface roughness alterations induced by different prophylactic procedures: an in vitro study.
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate surface roughness alterations at the smooth neck of dental implants after the use of eight different prophylactic procedures.


METHODS
50 tissue level implants (Institut Straumann AG, Basel, Switzerland) were used for the present investigation. The smooth collar of each implant was divided into two segments, each treated with one of eight cleaning procedures: use of a rubber cup (RCZ) or a brush (BZ) combined with an abrasive paste containing zirconium or a paste derived from perlite (RCP, BP); use of 2 composite resin burs reinforced by zirconium glass fibers (F1, F2); and use of an air-polishing system with glycine powder and two power settings (AP1, AP2). The qualitative alterations were recorded by means of a laser profilometer and the mean roughness (Ra) and mean roughness profile depth (Rz) were reported. Twenty untreated surfaces were used as controls.


RESULTS
The implant collars treated with RCZ (Ra= 0.33 μm, Rz= 2.43 μm) or BZ (Ra= 0.30 μm, Rz= 3.70 μm) yielded the highest roughness values, followed by the surfaces treated with RCP (Ra= 0.28 μm, Rz= 2.02 μm), with BP (Ra= 0.25 μm, Rz= 2.16 μm) and by the use of F1 (Ra= 0.27 μm, Rz= 2.22 μm) and F2 (Ra= 0.27 μm, Rz= 2.04 μm). The lowest roughness values were observed in the AP1 (Ra= 0.23 μm, Rz= 1.60 μm) and AP2 (Ra= 0.16 μm, Rz= 1.06 μm) group, respectively. Implant collars treated with AP2 yielded statistically significantly lower (P = 0.01) Rzvalues compared with untreated surfaces.


CONCLUSIONS
All tested procedures did not increase implant surface roughness significantly. Treatment with an air-powder abrasive system at high-pressure setting resulted in a smoothening of the implant collar surface.
Department of Periodontology, University Federico II, Naples, Italy.
Carlo
C
Cafiero
School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
Marco
http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4971-4971
M
Aglietta
Department of Periodontology, University Federico II, Naples, Italy.
Vincenzo
V
Iorio-Siciliano
School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
Giovanni E
GE
Salvi
Department of Periodontology, University Federico II, Naples, Italy.
Andrea
A
Blasi
Department of Periodontology, University Federico II, Naples, Italy.
Sergio
S
Matarasso
D000537:Aluminum Oxide / Q000737:chemistry; D003188:Composite Resins / Q000737:chemistry; D015921:Dental Implants; D003775:Dental Polishing / Q000379:methods*; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008422:Materials Testing; D012822:Silicon Dioxide / Q000737:chemistry; D013499:Surface Properties; D015040:Zirconium / Q000737:chemistry
D003188:Composite Resins; D015921:Dental Implants; C003076:Perlite; D012822:Silicon Dioxide; D015040:Zirconium; D000537:Aluminum Oxide
bacterial biofilm; dental implants; peri-implant diseases; prophylaxis; titanium