Diversification of a Transcription Factor Family Led to the Evolution of Antagonistically Acting Genetic Regulators of Root Hair Growth.
Streptophytes colonized the land some time before 470 million years ago [1-3]. The colonization coincided with an increase in morphological and cellular diversity [4-7]. This increase in diversity is correlated with a proliferation in transcription factors encoded in genomes [8-10]. This suggests that gene duplication and subsequent diversification of function was instrumental in the generation of land plant diversity. Here, we investigate the diversification of the streptophyte-specific Lotus japonicus ROOTHAIRLESS LIKE (LRL) transcription factor (TF) [11, 12] subfamily of basic loop helix (bHLH) proteins by comparing gene function in early divergent and derived land plant species. We report that the single Marchantia polymorpha LRL gene acts as a general growth regulator required for rhizoid development, a function that has been partially conserved throughout multicellular streptophytes. In contrast, the five relatively derived Arabidopsis thaliana LRL genes comprise two antagonistically acting groups of differentially expressed genes. The diversification of LRL genes accompanied the evolution of an antagonistic regulatory element controlling root hair development.
Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RB, UK.
Holger
H
Breuninger
Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RB, UK.
Anna
A
Thamm
Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RB, UK.
Susanna
S
Streubel
Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan.
Hidetoshi
H
Sakayama
Advanced Science Research Center, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa 920-0934, Japan.
Tomoaki
T
Nishiyama
Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RB, UK. Electronic address: liam.dolan@plants.ox.ac.uk.
Liam
L
Dolan
D051792:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D020440:Gene Duplication; D015870:Gene Expression; D053263:Gene Regulatory Networks; D005810:Multigene Family; D063245:Plant Development / Q000235:genetics*; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000254:growth & development; D010944:Plants / Q000235:genetics*
D051792:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Proteins