Response of immune response genes to adjuvants poly [di(sodium carboxylatoethylphenoxy)phosphazene] (PCEP), CpG oligodeoxynucleotide and emulsigen at intradermal injection site in pigs.
Understanding the mechanisms by which adjuvants mediate their effects provide critical information on how innate immunity influences the development of adaptive immunity. Despite being a critical vaccine component, the mechanisms by which adjuvants mediate their effects are not fully understood and this is especially true when they are used in large animals. This lack of understanding limits our ability to design effective vaccines. In the present study, we administered polyphosphazene (PCEP), CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG), emulsigen or saline via an intradermal injection into pigs and assessed the impact on the expression of reported 'adjuvant response genes' over time. CpG induced a strong upregulation of the chemokine CXL10 several 'Interferon Response Genes', as well as TNFα, and IL-10, and a down-regulation of IL-17 genes. Emulsigen upregulated expression of chemokines CCL2 and CCL5, proinflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNFα, as well as TLR9, and several IFN response genes. PCEP induced the expression of chemokine CCL2 and proinflammatory cytokine IL-6. These results suggest that emulsigen and CpG may promote recruitment of innate immune cells and Th1 type cytokine production but that PCEP may promote a Th-2 type immune response through the induction of IL-6, an inducer of B cell activity and differentiation.
Vaccinology & Immunotherapeutic Program, School of Public Health at the University of Saskatchewan, Vaccine & Infectious Disease Organization-International Vaccine Centre (VIDO-InterVac), 120 Veterinary Road, S7N 5E3 Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada. Electronic address: roybundimag@gmail.com.
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Magiri
Vaccinology & Immunotherapeutic Program, School of Public Health at the University of Saskatchewan, Vaccine & Infectious Disease Organization-International Vaccine Centre (VIDO-InterVac), 120 Veterinary Road, S7N 5E3 Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada. Electronic address: ken.lai@usask.ca.
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Lai
Vaccinology & Immunotherapeutic Program, School of Public Health at the University of Saskatchewan, Vaccine & Infectious Disease Organization-International Vaccine Centre (VIDO-InterVac), 120 Veterinary Road, S7N 5E3 Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.
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Chaffey
Vaccinology & Immunotherapeutic Program, School of Public Health at the University of Saskatchewan, Vaccine & Infectious Disease Organization-International Vaccine Centre (VIDO-InterVac), 120 Veterinary Road, S7N 5E3 Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada. Electronic address: heather.wilson@usask.ca.
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Wilson
Vaccinology & Immunotherapeutic Program, School of Public Health at the University of Saskatchewan, Vaccine & Infectious Disease Organization-International Vaccine Centre (VIDO-InterVac), 120 Veterinary Road, S7N 5E3 Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada. Electronic address: william.berry@usask.ca.
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Berry
Vaccinology & Immunotherapeutic Program, School of Public Health at the University of Saskatchewan, Vaccine & Infectious Disease Organization-International Vaccine Centre (VIDO-InterVac), 120 Veterinary Road, S7N 5E3 Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada. Electronic address: michael.szafron@usask.ca.
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Szafron
Vaccinology & Immunotherapeutic Program, School of Public Health at the University of Saskatchewan, Vaccine & Infectious Disease Organization-International Vaccine Centre (VIDO-InterVac), 120 Veterinary Road, S7N 5E3 Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada. Electronic address: george.mutwiri@usask.ca.
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Mutwiri
D056704:Adaptive Immunity / Q000235:genetics; D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000818:Animals; D018925:Chemokines / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D004655:Emulsions / Q000008:administration & dosage; D015870:Gene Expression; D007113:Immunity, Innate / Q000235:genetics; D007271:Injections, Intradermal; D009838:Oligodeoxyribonucleotides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology; D010666:Phenylpropionates / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology; D011108:Polymers / Q000008:administration & dosage; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D034421:Sus scrofa / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology*; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000276:immunology; D018418:Th2 Cells / Q000276:immunology; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics
D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; C408982:CPG-oligonucleotide; D018925:Chemokines; D016207:Cytokines; D004655:Emulsions; D009838:Oligodeoxyribonucleotides; D010666:Phenylpropionates; D011108:Polymers; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors; C508285:poly(bis(carboxylatoethylphenoxy)phosphazene)