Metabolic Syndrome and its Profound Effect on Prevalence of Ischemic Stroke.
Ischemic stroke represents a leading cause of death worldwide and the leading cause of disability in the United States. Greater than 8% of all deaths are attributed to ischemic stroke. This rate is consistent with the heightened burden of cardiovascular disease deaths. Treatments for acute ischemic stroke remain limited to tissue plasminogen activator and mechanical thrombolysis, both of which require significant medical expertise and can only be applied to a select number of patients based on time of presentation, imaging, and absence of contraindications. Over 1,000 compounds that were successful in treating ischemic stroke in animal models have failed to correlate to success in clinical trials. The search for alternative treatments is ongoing, drawing greater attention to the importance of preclinical models that more accurately represent the clinical population through incorporation of common risk factors. This work reviews the contribution of these commonly observed risk factors in the clinical population highlighting both the pathophysiology as well as current clinical diagnosis and treatment standards. We also highlight future potential therapeutic targets, areas requiring further investigation, and recent changes in best-practice clinical care.
Department of Neurosurgery, West Virginia University, School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia; The Center for Neuroscience, West Virginia University, School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia.
Brandon P
BP
Lucke-Wold
The Center for Neuroscience, West Virginia University, School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia; Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, West Virginia University, School of Pharmacy, Morgantown, West Virginia.
Kenneth
K
DiPasquale
The Center for Neuroscience, West Virginia University, School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia; Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, West Virginia University, School of Pharmacy, Morgantown, West Virginia.
Aric F
AF
Logsdon
Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, West Virginia University, School of Pharmacy, Morgantown, West Virginia.
Linda
L
Nguyen
The Center for Neuroscience, West Virginia University, School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia; West Virginia University, School of Nursing, Morgantown, West Virginia.
A Noelle
AN
Lucke-Wold
Department of Neurosurgery, West Virginia University, School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia; The Center for Neuroscience, West Virginia University, School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia.
Ryan C
RC
Turner
The Center for Neuroscience, West Virginia University, School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia; Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, West Virginia University, School of Pharmacy, Morgantown, West Virginia.
Jason D
JD
Huber
Department of Neurosurgery, West Virginia University, School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia; The Center for Neuroscience, West Virginia University, School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia.
Charles L
CL
Rosen
Ischemic Stroke; Metabolic Syndrome