Robotic lobectomy can be taught while maintaining quality patient outcomes.
The objective is to report our outcomes of teaching and performing minimally invasive robotic lobectomy.



Robotic lobectomy was divided into 19 specific sequential technical maneuvers. The number of steps residents could perform in a set period of time was recorded. Video review by the attending surgeon and coaching were used to improve what residents could safely perform. Outcomes compared were percentage of maneuvers that general surgical or cardiothoracic residents (fellows) completed, operative times, and Society of Thoracic Surgeons-defined metrics of patient outcomes.



There were 520 consecutive robotic lobectomies over 5 years. The various maneuvers completed by general surgical residents (N = 35) and cardiothoracic residents (N = 7) increased over time, for example, steps 1 to 5 increased 20% and 70% compared with 80% and 90% (P < .001), step 8 increased 0% and 50% compared with 90% and 100% (P < .0001), and step 19 increased 30% and 50% compared with 90% and 100% (P = .001), respectively. Operative outcomes, including intraoperative blood loss, median number of lymph nodes, median length of stay, major morbidity, and 30-day and 90-day mortality, were no different. Operative time initially increased and then decreased over time. Conversion to thoracotomy (15% to 2.5%, P = .042) and major vascular injury (3% to 0%, P = .018) decreased.



Robotic lobectomy can be safely taught to residents without compromising patient outcomes by dividing it into a series of surgical maneuvers. Recording outcomes for each step and using video review and coaching techniques may help increase the percent of maneuvers residents can complete in a set time.
Cardiothoracic Division, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Ala. Electronic address: rcerfolio@uabmc.edu.
Robert J
RJ
Cerfolio
University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, Ala.
Kyle H
KH
Cichos
Cardiothoracic Division, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Ala.
Benjamin
B
Wei
Cardiothoracic Division, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Ala.
Douglas J
DJ
Minnich
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D061646:Operative Time; D011013:Pneumonectomy / Q000193:education* / Q000379:methods*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012129:Respiratory Function Tests; D065287:Robotic Surgical Procedures / Q000193:education* / Q000379:methods*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
education; lung cancer surgery; minimally invasive