Cytotoxic Activity of Oleocanthal Isolated from Virgin Olive Oil on Human Melanoma Cells.
Oleocanthal is one of the phenolic compounds of extra virgin olive oil with important anti-inflammatory properties. Although its potential anticancer activity has been reported, only limited evidence has been provided in cutaneous malignant melanoma. The present study is aimed at investigating the selective in vitro antiproliferative activity of oleocanthal against human malignant melanoma cells. Since oleocanthal is not commercially available, it was obtained as a pure standard by direct extraction and purification from extra virgin olive oil. Cell viability experiments carried out by WST-1 assay demonstrated that oleocanthal had a remarkable and selective activity for human melanoma cells versus normal dermal fibroblasts with IC50s in the low micromolar range of concentrations. Such an effect was paralleled by a significant inhibition of ERK1/2 and AKT phosphorylation and downregulation of Bcl-2 expression. These findings may suggest that extra virgin olive oil phenolic extract enriched in oleocanthal deserves further investigation in skin cancer.
a Department of Pharmacy , University of Pisa , Pisa , Italy.|b Interdepartmental Research Center "Nutraceuticals and Food for Health" University of Pisa , Pisa , Italy.
Stefano
S
Fogli
a Department of Pharmacy , University of Pisa , Pisa , Italy.
Chiara
C
Arena
a Department of Pharmacy , University of Pisa , Pisa , Italy.
Sara
S
Carpi
a Department of Pharmacy , University of Pisa , Pisa , Italy.
Beatrice
B
Polini
a Department of Pharmacy , University of Pisa , Pisa , Italy.
Simone
S
Bertini
a Department of Pharmacy , University of Pisa , Pisa , Italy.|b Interdepartmental Research Center "Nutraceuticals and Food for Health" University of Pisa , Pisa , Italy.
Maria
M
Digiacomo
a Department of Pharmacy , University of Pisa , Pisa , Italy.
Francesca
F
Gado
c Department of Surgery , Medical, Molecular, and Critical Area Pathology, University of Pisa , Pisa , Italy.
Alessandro
A
Saba
a Department of Pharmacy , University of Pisa , Pisa , Italy.
Giuseppe
G
Saccomanni
a Department of Pharmacy , University of Pisa , Pisa , Italy.
Maria Cristina
MC
Breschi
a Department of Pharmacy , University of Pisa , Pisa , Italy.|b Interdepartmental Research Center "Nutraceuticals and Food for Health" University of Pisa , Pisa , Italy.
Paola
P
Nieri
a Department of Pharmacy , University of Pisa , Pisa , Italy.|b Interdepartmental Research Center "Nutraceuticals and Food for Health" University of Pisa , Pisa , Italy.
Clementina
C
Manera
a Department of Pharmacy , University of Pisa , Pisa , Italy.|b Interdepartmental Research Center "Nutraceuticals and Food for Health" University of Pisa , Pisa , Italy.
Marco
M
Macchia
D000447:Aldehydes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D000081004:Cyclopentane Monoterpenes; D015536:Down-Regulation; D006801:Humans; D020128:Inhibitory Concentration 50; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System; D008545:Melanoma / Q000188:drug therapy; D000069463:Olive Oil / Q000737:chemistry*; D051058:Oncogene Protein v-akt / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D010636:Phenols / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy; D000096142:Cutaneous Malignant Melanoma
D000447:Aldehydes; C000595707:BCL2 protein, human; D000081004:Cyclopentane Monoterpenes; D000069463:Olive Oil; D010636:Phenols; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; C503534:oleocanthal; D051058:Oncogene Protein v-akt