From Genome-Wide Association Study to Phenome-Wide Association Study: New Paradigms in Obesity Research.
Obesity is a condition in which excess body fat has accumulated over an extent that increases the risk of many chronic diseases. The current clinical classification of obesity is based on measurement of body mass index (BMI), waist-hip ratio, and body fat percentage. However, these measurements do not account for the wide individual variations in fat distribution, degree of fatness or health risks, and genetic variants identified in the genome-wide association studies (GWAS). In this review, we will address this important issue with the introduction of phenome, phenomics, and phenome-wide association study (PheWAS). We will discuss the new paradigm shift from GWAS to PheWAS in obesity research. In the era of precision medicine, phenomics and PheWAS provide the required approaches to better definition and classification of obesity according to the association of obese phenome with their unique molecular makeup, lifestyle, and environmental impact.
Pediatric Heart Center, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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Department of Cardiology, Changzhou Second People's Hospital, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China.
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Laboratory of Cardiovascular Phenomics, Center for Cardiovascular Research, Department of Pharmacology, and Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno, NV, United States. Electronic address: dduan@medicine.nevada.edu.
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D035843:Biomedical Research; D014644:Genetic Variation; D055106:Genome-Wide Association Study; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D009765:Obesity / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology*; D010641:Phenotype
GWAS; PheWAS; epigenetics; genetics; obesity