Revisiting the role of erythropoietin for treatment of ocular disorders.
Erythropoietin (EPO) is a glycoprotein hormone conventionally thought to be responsible only in producing red blood cells in our body. However, with the discovery of the presence of EPO and EPO receptors in the retinal layers, the EPO seems to have physiological roles in the eye. In this review, we revisit the role of EPO in the eye. We look into the biological role of EPO in the development of the eye and the physiologic roles that it has. Apart from that, we seek to understand the mechanisms and pathways of EPO that contributes to the therapeutic and pathological conditions of the various ocular disorders such as diabetic retinopathy, retinopathy of prematurity, glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration, optic neuritis, and retinal detachment. With these understandings, we discuss the clinical applications of EPO for treatment of ocular disorders, modes of administration, EPO formulations, current clinical trials, and its future directions.
Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
S L
SL
Shirley Ding
Department of Ophthalmology, Hospital Sultanah Aminah, Johor Bahru, Malaysia.
S N
SN
Leow
Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
R
R
Munisvaradass
Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
E H
EH
Koh
Department of Ophthalmology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
M L C
ML
Bastion
Department of Ophthalmology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
K Y
KY
Then
Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.|Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
S
S
Kumar
Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.|Genetics and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
P L
PL
Mok
D004921:Erythropoietin / Q000502:physiology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005128:Eye Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D006801:Humans
D004921:Erythropoietin