Is delayed ischemic preconditioning as effective on running performance during a 5km time trial as acute IPC?
Ischemic preconditioning (IPC) may enhance exercise performance. Cardioprotective effects of IPC are known to re-occur 24h after the stimulus. Whether the delayed effect of IPC has similar effects as IPC on exercise performance is unknown.


OBJECTIVE
Examine whether IPC applied 24h (24-IPC) before exercise is equally effective as IPC in improving exercise performance.


METHODS
Randomized, cross-over study METHODS: 12 healthy participants were randomly exposed to SHAM-session, IPC or 24-IPC before a self-paced 5km running trial on a treadmill. Subjects were blinded for time, speed and heart rate. Furthermore, heart rate, BORG, and the local tissue saturation index were measured during exercise, while lactate levels were determined after running. Using a regression model, we explored whether these parameters predicted the change in running time after IPC and 24-IPC.


RESULTS
We found no differences in finish time after IPC (SHAM: 1400±105s, IPC: 1381±112s, 24-IPC: 1385±113s; p=0.30). However, we observed a significant positive relation between the change in finish time after IPC and 24-IPC (p=0.016; r=0.677). Using stepwise linear regression, a lower post-exercise blood lactate level after IPC or 24-IPC was significantly related to an improvement in finish time (R2=0.47, β=-0.687, p=0.007).


CONCLUSIONS
Although no significant effect of IPC or 24-IPC on exercise performance was found, individual finish time after IPC and 24-IPC were strongly correlated. Therefore, our data suggest that, at the individual level, the effects of 24-IPC are closely related to the effects of IPC.
Radboud University Medical Centre, Department of Physiology, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom.
Joost P H
JPH
Seeger
Radboud University Medical Centre, Department of Physiology, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Silvie
S
Timmers
Radboud University Medical Centre, Department of Physiology, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Danique J M
DJM
Ploegmakers
Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Aspire, Doha, Qatar.
N Timothy
NT
Cable
Radboud University Medical Centre, Department of Physiology, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Maria T E
MTE
Hopman
Radboud University Medical Centre, Department of Physiology, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom. Electronic address: d.thijssen@ljmu.ac.uk.
Dick H J
DHJ
Thijssen
D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D019194:Ischemic Preconditioning; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012420:Running / Q000502:physiology*; D013997:Time Factors; D063996:Warm-Up Exercise / Q000502:physiology*
D019344:Lactic Acid
Athletic performance; Exercise performance; Ischaemic preconditioning; Preconditioning; Time trial