G protein-coupled receptor160 regulates mycobacteria entry into macrophages by activating ERK.
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), the causative agent of tuberculosis, invades and replicates within susceptible hosts by disturbing host antimicrobial mechanisms. Although G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are involved in most physiological and pathological activities of mammalian cells, the roles of GPCRs in Mtb invasion into host cell remain elusive. Here, we report that GPR160 expression is elevated at both mRNA and protein level in macrophages in response to BCG infection. Both the PiggyBac (PB) transposon-mediated mutation of gpr160 gene in mouse primary macrophages and siRNA-mediated knockdown of GPR160 in the human macrophage cell line THP-1 markedly reduced the entry of green fluorescent protein (GFP) expressing BCG (BCG-GFP), also operative in vivo. BCG infection-induced phosphorylation of ERK1/2 was significantly reduced in gpr160 mutated (gpr160(-/-)) macrophages relative to levels observed in wild type macrophages, while inhibition of ERK by specific inhibitor or knockdown ERK1/2 by specific siRNA markedly reduced entry of BCG. Finally, lower bacteria burdens and attenuated pathological impairments were observed in the lungs of BCG-infected gpr160(-/-) mice. Furthermore, gpr160(-/-) macrophages also exhibits reduced uptake of Escherichia coli and Francisella tularensis. Taken together, these findings suggest an important role of GPR160 in regulating the entry of BCG into macrophages by targeting the ERK signaling pathway. As GPCRs have proven to be successful drug targets in pharmaceutical industry, it's tempting to speculate that compounds targeting GPR160, a G protein-coupled receptor, could intervene in Mtb infection.
Clinic and Research Center of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine,507 Zhengmin Road, Shanghai 200433, PR China.
Hua
H
Yang
Clinic and Research Center of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine,507 Zhengmin Road, Shanghai 200433, PR China.
Haipeng
H
Liu
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tongji University School of Medicine,1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200049, PR China.
Hao
H
Chen
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tongji University School of Medicine,1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200049, PR China.
Haiping
H
Mo
Clinic and Research Center of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine,507 Zhengmin Road, Shanghai 200433, PR China.
Jianxia
J
Chen
Clinic and Research Center of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine,507 Zhengmin Road, Shanghai 200433, PR China.
Xiaocheng
X
Huang
Clinic and Research Center of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine,507 Zhengmin Road, Shanghai 200433, PR China.
Ruijuan
R
Zheng
Clinic and Research Center of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine,507 Zhengmin Road, Shanghai 200433, PR China.
Zhonghua
Z
Liu
Clinic and Research Center of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine,507 Zhengmin Road, Shanghai 200433, PR China.
Yonghong
Y
Feng
Clinic and Research Center of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine,507 Zhengmin Road, Shanghai 200433, PR China.
Feng
F
Liu
Clinic and Research Center of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine,507 Zhengmin Road, Shanghai 200433, PR China; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tongji University School of Medicine,1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200049, PR China. Electronic address: baoxue_ge@tongji.edu.cn.
Baoxue
B
Ge
D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D017737:Macrophages, Peritoneal / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000382:microbiology*; D051379:Mice; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3 / Q000378:metabolism*; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics; D009161:Mycobacterium / Q000502:physiology*; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000378:metabolism; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled / Q000172:deficiency / Q000378:metabolism*
C000625043:G protein-coupled receptor 160, mouse; C555417:GPR160 protein, human; D016328:NF-kappa B; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3
BCG; Entry; GPR160; Macrophage