Radiation effects on the tumor microenvironment: Implications for nanomedicine delivery.
The tumor microenvironment has an important influence on cancer biological and clinical behavior and radiation treatment (RT) response. However, RT also influences the tumor microenvironment in a complex and dynamic manner that can either reinforce or inhibit this response and the likelihood of long-term disease control in patients. It is increasingly evident that the interplay between RT and the tumor microenvironment can be exploited to enhance the accumulation and intra-tumoral distribution of nanoparticles, mediated by changes to the vasculature and stroma with secondary effects on hypoxia, interstitial fluid pressure (IFP), solid tissue pressure (STP), and the recruitment and activation of bone marrow-derived myeloid cells (BMDCs). The use of RT to modulate nanoparticle drug delivery offers an exciting opportunity to improve antitumor efficacy. This review explores the interplay between RT and the tumor microenvironment, and the integrated effects on nanoparticle drug delivery and efficacy.
Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Shawn
S
Stapleton
Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
David
D
Jaffray
Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. Electronic address: mike.milosevic@rmp.uhn.ca.
Michael
M
Milosevic
D000818:Animals; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D006801:Humans; D050997:Nanomedicine; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D059016:Tumor Microenvironment / Q000528:radiation effects*
Drug transport; Enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect; Interstitial fluid pressure (IFP); Nanomedicine; Nanoparticles; Radiotherapy; Tumor microenvironment; Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs)