Computer-Assisted In Sensu Exposure for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: Development and Evaluation.
BACKGROUND
Dissociative states during psychotherapy sessions reduce the benefit of exposure-based therapy for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Thus, in evidence-based therapeutic programs such as dialectical behavior therapy for PTSD (DBT-PTSD), therapists apply specific antidissociative skills to reduce dissociative features during in sensu exposure. In addition to therapist-guided sessions, exposure protocols often require that the patients listen to audio recordings of exposure sessions in self-management. The problem of how to prevent dissociative features during such self-administered exposure exercises has not been resolved yet. Hence, we developed the computer program MORPHEUS that supports the application of self-administered exposure exercises. MORPHEUS continuously monitors the level of dissociative states and offers state-related antidissociative skills.


OBJECTIVE
This study sought to examine the acceptance and feasibility of the MORPHEUS program.


METHODS
Patients who underwent 12 weeks of residential DBT-PTSD treatment used MORPHEUS during exposure exercises in self-management. After the treatment, they filled out evaluation questionnaires.


RESULTS
In sum, 26 patients receiving a 12-week standard DBT-PTSD program participated in this study; 2 participants could not be analyzed because of missing data. All the patients used MORPHEUS as often as it was required according to the DBT-PTSD treatment (2 to 5 times a week). The overall acceptance and feasibility as rated by the patients was high: for example, patients found the skills useful to block dissociation (mean 4.24 on a scale from 0 to 5, SD 0.24) and stated that they would use the program again (mean 4.72 on a scale from 0 to 5, SD 0.11). Furthermore, patients indicated that they would recommend MORPHEUS to a friend (mean 4.44 on a scale from 0 to 5, SD 0.12). In 82% (32/39) of the cases, the use of antidissociative skills was related to a decrease in dissociation. In 18% (5/39), dissociation remained unchanged or increased.


CONCLUSIONS
The evaluative data suggest high acceptability and feasibility of MORPHEUS. Further studies should evaluate the effectiveness of the skills applied during the program.


BACKGROUND
World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry Platform: DRKS00006226; http://apps.who.int/trialsearch/Trial2.aspx?TrialID= DRKS00006226 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/ 6hxuFbIUr).
Institute of Psychiatric and Psychosomatic Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany. nora.goerg@zi-mannheim.de.
Nora
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6188-0860
N
Görg
Kathlen
http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2662-7509
K
Priebe
Tilman
http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8198-9903
T
Deuschel
Martin
http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6938-7918
M
Schüller
Friederike
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2915-6880
F
Schriner
Nikolaus
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1696-2488
N
Kleindienst
Petra
http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9383-444X
P
Ludäscher
Christian
http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6938-7918
C
Schmahl
Martin
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1768-3608
M
Bohus
dissociative disorders behavior therapy; posttraumatic stress disorder; technology