Antidiabetic Potential of Purple and Red Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Bran Extracts.
Pigmented rice contains anthocyanins and proanthocyanidins that are concentrated in the bran layer. In this study, we determined the phenolic, flavonoid, anthocyanin, and proanthocyanidin content of five rice bran (1 brown, 2 red, and 2 purple) extracts. Each bran extract was evaluated for inhibitory effects on α-amylase and α-glucosidase activity, two key glucosidases required for starch digestion in humans. All purple and red bran extracts inhibited α-glucosidase activity, however only the red rice bran extracts inhibited α-amylase activity. Additionally, each bran extract was examined for their ability to stimulate glucose uptake in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, a key function in glucose homeostasis. Basal glucose uptake was increased between 2.3- and 2.7-fold by exposure to the red bran extracts, and between 1.9- and 3.1-fold by exposure to the purple bran extracts. In red rice bran, the highest enzyme inhibition and glucose uptake was observed with a proanthocyanidin-enriched fraction. Both IITA red bran and IAC purple bran increased expression of GLUT1 and GLUT4 mRNA, and genes encoding insulin-signaling pathway proteins.
Southern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture , New Orleans, Louisiana 70124, United States.
Stephen M
SM
Boue
Southern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture , New Orleans, Louisiana 70124, United States.
Kim W
KW
Daigle
Dale Bumpers National Rice Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture , 2890 Highway 130 East, Stuttgart, Arkansas 72160, United States.
Ming-Hsuan
MH
Chen
Southern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture , New Orleans, Louisiana 70124, United States.
Heping
H
Cao
Microbiome Therapeutics , 11001 120th Avenue, Broomfield, Colorado 80021, United States.
Mark L
ML
Heiman
D016475:3T3 Cells; D017667:Adipocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051379:Mice; D012275:Oryza / Q000737:chemistry*; D010636:Phenols / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012639:Seeds / Q000737:chemistry; D000516:alpha-Amylases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D000520:alpha-Glucosidases / Q000378:metabolism
D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D010636:Phenols; D010936:Plant Extracts; D000516:alpha-Amylases; D000520:alpha-Glucosidases; D005947:Glucose
adipocytes; anthocyanins; brown rice bran; glucose uptake; phenolics; proanthocyanidins; purple rice bran; red rice bran; α-amylase; α-glucosidase