Epidemiology of community-acquired pneumonia and implications for vaccination of children living in developing and newly industrialized countries: A systematic literature review.
This systematic review evaluated the epidemiology of community-acquired pneumonia in children <6 y of age within 90 developing and newly industrialized countries. Literature searches (1990-2011), based on MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane, CAB Global Health, WHO, UNICEF, country-specific websites, conferences, health-technology-assessment agencies, and the reference lists of included studies, yielded 8,734 records; 62 of 340 studies were included in this review. The highest incidence rate among included studies was 0.51 episodes/child-year, for children <5 y of age in Bangladesh. The highest prevalence was in Chinese children <6 months of age (37.88%). The main bacterial pathogens were Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae and Mycoplasma pneumoniae and the main viral pathogens were respiratory syncytial virus, adenovirus and rhinovirus. Community-acquired pneumonia remains associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality. Improved and efficient surveillance and documentation of the epidemiology and burden of community-acquired pneumonia across various geographical regions is warranted.
a GSK Vaccines, Ciudad del Saber , Panama.
Rodrigo
R
DeAntonio
b GSK Vaccines , Wavre , Belgium.
Juan-Pablo
JP
Yarzabal
c GSK Vaccines , Singapore.
James Philip
JP
Cruz
b GSK Vaccines , Wavre , Belgium.
Johannes E
JE
Schmidt
d School for Public Health and Primary Care (CAPHRI), Maastricht University , Maastricht , The Netherlands.|e Kleijnen Systematic Reviews Ltd , York , United Kingdom.
Jos
J
Kleijnen
D001419:Bacteria / Q000145:classification / Q000302:isolation & purification; D002675:Child, Preschool; D017714:Community-Acquired Infections / Q000453:epidemiology*; D019049:Developed Countries; D003906:Developing Countries; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D018410:Pneumonia, Bacterial / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000401:mortality; D011024:Pneumonia, Viral / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000401:mortality; D015995:Prevalence; D014780:Viruses / Q000145:classification / Q000302:isolation & purification
Africa; China; India and South Asia; Middle East; Russia and the Commonwealth of Independent States; children; community-acquired pneumonia; epidemiology; systematic review