Mobile Electronic Medical Records Promote Workflow: Physicians' Perspective From a Survey.
BACKGROUND
As a result of demographic changes, physicians are required to deliver needed services with limited resources. Research suggests that tablet PCs with access to patient data may streamline clinical workflow. A recent study found tablets with mobile electronic medical records (EMRs) can facilitate data retrieval and produce time savings across the clinical routine within hospital settings. However, the reasons for these time savings, including details on how tablets were being used, remain unclear. The same applies to physicians' perceptions of this tool within an inpatient setting.


OBJECTIVE
This study examined physicians' perception of tablets with EMRs in an inpatient setting. The rationale was to identify both subjective and objective factors that impacted the successful implementation and use of tablets running an EMR.


METHODS
We developed a 57-item survey questionnaire designed to examine users' perception of and attitude toward tablets, which was administered to 14 participating physicians following 7 weeks of tablet use. Five participants volunteered to participate in a second study that investigated physicians' patterns of tablet use within the EMR environment by digitally tracking and storing usage behavior. Statistical analyses of questionnaire results included mean values with their bootstrapped 95% confidence intervals and multivariate analysis of variance to identify predictors of tablet use.


RESULTS
Physicians reported high degrees of satisfaction with the tablets. There was a general consensus among physicians that tablet use streamlined clinical workflow through optimized data retrieval (rated 0.69, 0.23-1.15 points better than control) and improved communication with patients and other physicians (rated 0.85, 0.54-1.15 and 0.77, 0.38-1.15 points better than control, respectively). Age (F3,11=3.54, P=.04), occupational group (F1,11=7.17, P=.04), and attitude toward novel technologies (F1,11=10.54, P=.02) predicted physicians' satisfaction with the devices and their motivation regarding their further use. Tracking data yielded that only a few of the available functions were used frequently.


CONCLUSIONS
Although tablet PCs were consistently perceived as beneficial, several factors contributed to the fact that their full potential was not fully exploited. Training in functionality and providing a reliable infrastructure might foster successful tablet implementation.
Vision and Motor System Research Group, Department of Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
Julian
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0591-4835
J
Duhm
Robert
http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8159-2658
R
Fleischmann
Sein
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6698-5717
S
Schmidt
Hagen
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8100-9124
H
Hupperts
Stephan A
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1560-1875
SA
Brandt
electronic health record; health services; inpatient care; tablet PC; usability