Sequence Polymorphisms at the REDUCED DORMANCY5 Pseudophosphatase Underlie Natural Variation in Arabidopsis Dormancy.
Seed dormancy controls the timing of germination, which regulates the adaptation of plants to their environment and influences agricultural production. The time of germination is under strong natural selection and shows variation within species due to local adaptation. The identification of genes underlying dormancy quantitative trait loci is a major scientific challenge, which is relevant for agricultural and ecological goals. In this study, we describe the identification of the DELAY OF GERMINATION18 (DOG18) quantitative trait locus, which was identified as a factor in natural variation for seed dormancy in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). DOG18 encodes a member of the clade A of the type 2C protein phosphatases family, which we previously identified as the REDUCED DORMANCY5 (RDO5) gene. DOG18/RDO5 shows a relatively high frequency of loss-of-function alleles in natural accessions restricted to northwestern Europe. The loss of dormancy in these loss-of-function alleles can be compensated for by genetic factors like DOG1 and DOG6, and by environmental factors such as low temperature. RDO5 does not have detectable phosphatase activity. Analysis of the phosphoproteome in dry and imbibed seeds revealed a general decrease in protein phosphorylation during seed imbibition that is enhanced in the rdo5 mutant. We conclude that RDO5 acts as a pseudophosphatase that inhibits dephosphorylation during seed imbibition.
Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, 50829 Cologne, Germany (Y.X., B.S., G.N., W.J.J.S.); Agricultural Genome Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 518120 Shenzhen, China (Y.X.); Plant Proteomics, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, 50829 Cologne, Germany (K.K., I.F.); and Institute of Molecular Physiology and Biotechnology of Plants, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany (W.J.J.S.).
Yong
Y
Xiang
Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, 50829 Cologne, Germany (Y.X., B.S., G.N., W.J.J.S.); Agricultural Genome Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 518120 Shenzhen, China (Y.X.); Plant Proteomics, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, 50829 Cologne, Germany (K.K., I.F.); and Institute of Molecular Physiology and Biotechnology of Plants, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany (W.J.J.S.).
Baoxing
B
Song
Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, 50829 Cologne, Germany (Y.X., B.S., G.N., W.J.J.S.); Agricultural Genome Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 518120 Shenzhen, China (Y.X.); Plant Proteomics, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, 50829 Cologne, Germany (K.K., I.F.); and Institute of Molecular Physiology and Biotechnology of Plants, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany (W.J.J.S.).
Guillaume
G
Née
Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, 50829 Cologne, Germany (Y.X., B.S., G.N., W.J.J.S.); Agricultural Genome Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 518120 Shenzhen, China (Y.X.); Plant Proteomics, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, 50829 Cologne, Germany (K.K., I.F.); and Institute of Molecular Physiology and Biotechnology of Plants, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany (W.J.J.S.).
Katharina
K
Kramer
Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, 50829 Cologne, Germany (Y.X., B.S., G.N., W.J.J.S.); Agricultural Genome Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 518120 Shenzhen, China (Y.X.); Plant Proteomics, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, 50829 Cologne, Germany (K.K., I.F.); and Institute of Molecular Physiology and Biotechnology of Plants, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany (W.J.J.S.).
Iris
0000-0002-8972-4026
I
Finkemeier
Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, 50829 Cologne, Germany (Y.X., B.S., G.N., W.J.J.S.); Agricultural Genome Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 518120 Shenzhen, China (Y.X.); Plant Proteomics, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, 50829 Cologne, Germany (K.K., I.F.); and Institute of Molecular Physiology and Biotechnology of Plants, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany (W.J.J.S.) soppe@mpipz.mpg.de.
Wim J J
WJ
Soppe
D000483:Alleles; D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology*; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D005816:Genetic Complementation Test; D005843:Geography; D006239:Haplotypes / Q000235:genetics; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics; D010641:Phenotype; D010749:Phosphoprotein Phosphatases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D020161:Physical Chromosome Mapping; D057445:Plant Dormancy / Q000235:genetics*; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D013696:Temperature
D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; D010749:Phosphoprotein Phosphatases; C000602072:RDO5 protein, Arabidopsis