[Hemodynamic monitoring in intensive care and emergency medicine : Integration of clinical signs and ultrasound findings].
Hemodynamic monitoring is required in critically ill patients presenting with circulatory shock. Besides the clinical evaluation, noninvasive technologies can be used. Guidelines on volume resuscitation and cardiogenic shock already recommend bedside ultrasound as a diagnostic tool. To differentiate the cause of circulatory shock and monitor the effects of therapies, hemodynamic monitoring is necessary. This review discusses possibilities of the different invasive and noninvasive monitoring tools with a focus on the integration of clinical and sonographic parameters.
Klinik für Innere Medizin IV, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Klinikum der Friedrich-Schiller-Universität, Jena, Deutschland.
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D
Hempel
Klinik III für Innere Medizin, Herzzentrum, Universität zu Köln, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937, Köln, Deutschland.
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Pfister
Klinik III für Innere Medizin, Herzzentrum, Universität zu Köln, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937, Köln, Deutschland. guido.michels@uk-koeln.de.
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Michels
D003422:Critical Care; D004635:Emergency Medicine; D000074743:Hemodynamic Monitoring; D006439:Hemodynamics; D006801:Humans; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic; D012769:Shock
Echocardiography; Lung ultrasound; Point-of care ultrasound; Shock; Volume status