Involvement and Clinical Aspects of MicroRNA in Osteosarcoma.
Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common primary bone cancer in children and adolescents, but its pathogenesis has been difficult to establish because of its well-known heterogeneous nature. OS has been associated with genetic and cytogenetic abnormalities, which include function-impairing mutations in tumor suppressors and the activation of oncogenes. OS tumorigenesis has been linked to alterations of several genes characterized by a high level of genetic instability and recurrent DNA amplifications and deletions. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), 18-25-nucleotide noncoding RNAs, are critical for various biological processes like differentiation, cell growth and cell death. Dysregulation of miRNA expression leads to phenotypic and genotypic changes in cells, which leads to cancer. Studies on miRNAs have initiated a significant effect in both diagnosis and treatment of cancer. This review focuses on the current knowledge of clinical applications of miRNAs for the better diagnosis and management of OS.
Department of Experimental Pathology, CHUV and University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland. ram.kumar@chuv.ch.
Ram Mohan
RM
Ram Kumar
Laboratory for Orthopaedic Research, Department of Orthopaedics, Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zurich, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland. aboro@research.balgrist.ch.
Aleksandar
A
Boro
Laboratory for Orthopaedic Research, Department of Orthopaedics, Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zurich, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland. bruno.fuchs@balgrist.ch.
Bruno
B
Fuchs
D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers; D001859:Bone Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000628:therapy; D002471:Cell Transformation, Neoplastic / Q000235:genetics; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D015316:Genetic Therapy; D006801:Humans; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012516:Osteosarcoma / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000628:therapy; D034622:RNA Interference; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics
D015415:Biomarkers; D035683:MicroRNAs; D012333:RNA, Messenger
biomarker; cancer; metastasis; microRNA; osteosarcoma