Inflammatory Response in Preterm and Very Preterm Newborns with Sepsis.
The response of the adaptive immune system is usually less intense in premature neonates than term neonates. The primary objective of this study was to determine whether immunological parameters vary between preterm (PT) neonates (≥32 weeks of gestational age) and very preterm (VPT) neonates (<32 weeks of gestational age). A cross-sectional study was designed to prospectively follow PT and VPT neonates at risk of developing sepsis. Plasma concentrations of IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-4, and IL-10 were detected using flow cytometry. C-reactive protein (C-RP) and the complex SC5b-9 were detected in the plasma using commercial kits. A total of 83 patients were included. The laboratory results and clinical histories showed that 26 patients had sepsis; 14 were VPT, and 12 were PT. The levels of C-RP, SC5b-9 (innate immune response mediators), and IL-10 or IL-4 (anti-inflammatory cytokines) were elevated during sepsis in both groups. IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-6 (proinflammatory cytokines) were differentially elevated only in PT neonates. The VPT neonates with sepsis presented increases in C-RP, SC5b-9, and anti-inflammatory cytokines but not in proinflammatory cytokines, whereas PT neonates showed increases in all studied mediators of inflammation.
Departamento de Epidemiología, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología, Secretaría de Salud (SSa), Montes Urales 800, Colonia Lomas de Virreyes, 11000 Mexico City, Mexico.
Enrique
E
Segura-Cervantes
Escuela Superior de Medicina (ESM), Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Avenida Salvador Diaz Miron S/N, Esquina Plan de San Luis, Colonia Casco de Santo Tomás, Delegación Miguel Hidalgo, 11340 Mexico City, Mexico; Hospital de la Mujer, SSa, Prolongación Salvador Diaz Miron 374, Colonia Casco de Santo Tomás, Delegación Miguel Hidalgo, 11340 Mexico City, Mexico.
Javier
J
Mancilla-Ramírez
Laboratorio Silanes, Amores 1304, Colonia del Valle, 03100 Mexico City, Mexico.
Jorge
J
González-Canudas
Laboratorio Silanes, Amores 1304, Colonia del Valle, 03100 Mexico City, Mexico.
Erika
E
Alba
Departamento de Infectología e Inmunología, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología, SSa, Montes Urales 800, Colonia Lomas de Virreyes, 11000 Mexico City, Mexico.
René
R
Santillán-Ballesteros
UCIREN, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología, SSa, Montes Urales 800, Colonia Lomas de Virreyes, 11000 Mexico City, Mexico.
Deneb
D
Morales-Barquet
Laboratorio Silanes, Amores 1304, Colonia del Valle, 03100 Mexico City, Mexico.
Gabriela
G
Sandoval-Plata
Departamento de Infectología e Inmunología, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología, SSa, Montes Urales 800, Colonia Lomas de Virreyes, 11000 Mexico City, Mexico.
Norma
0000-0002-6639-8475
N
Galindo-Sevilla
D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D015938:Complement Membrane Attack Complex; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate / Q000276:immunology; D062071:Infant, Extremely Premature; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D007249:Inflammation / Q000097:blood* / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000097:blood; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000097:blood; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000097:blood; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D018805:Sepsis / Q000097:blood* / Q000276:immunology*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood
D015938:Complement Membrane Attack Complex; D015850:Interleukin-6; C047610:SC5b-9 protein complex; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D016753:Interleukin-10; D015847:Interleukin-4; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D002097:C-Reactive Protein