Imidacloprid induced histomorphological changes and expression of TLR-4 and TNFα in lung.
The imidacloprid is used worldwide as a pesticide and has been linked with endocrine disturbances and reduced pulmonary function. However, effects of imidacloprid alone or in combination with microbial molecules on lungs are not fully understood. Because the pulmonary effects of interactions of endotoxins with imidacloprid are unknown, we designed a study to investigate that in a mouse model. Mice (N=14) were given imidacloprid orally @ 1/20(th) of LD50 dissolved in corn oil for 30days. After the treatments, six animals from each group were challenged with E. coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) @ 80μg/animal via intranasal route and remaining animals were challenged with normal saline solution @ 80μl/animal via same route. Imidacloprid in combination with LPS led to significant increase in total cell and neutrophil counts in BAL and peripheral blood. Semi-quantitative histopathology revealed lung injury in imidacloprid treatment group and injury was more marked in animal receiving both imidacloprid and LPS. There was no change (p<0.05) in the expression of TLR-4 and TNF-α both at mRNA and protein levels following exposure to imidacloprid alone or in combination with LPS. The data show that imidacloprid alone or in combination with LPS resulted changes in lung morphology without altering the expression of TLR-4 and TNF-α. Furthermore, pre-treatment with imidacloprid didn't affect response to LPS.
School of Animal Biotechnology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab 141 004, India.
Arif Ahmad
AA
Pandit
School of Animal Biotechnology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab 141 004, India.
Shanti
S
Choudhary
School of Animal Biotechnology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab 141 004, India.
Ramneek
Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Canada.
Baljit
B
Singh
School of Animal Biotechnology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab 141 004, India. Electronic address: rs.sethi@usask.ca.
R S
RS
Sethi
D000818:Animals; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000009:adverse effects*; D007306:Insecticides / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D008168:Lung / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D000073943:Neonicotinoids; D009574:Nitro Compounds / Q000009:adverse effects*; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4 / Q000378:metabolism*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism*
D007093:Imidazoles; D007306:Insecticides; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D000073943:Neonicotinoids; D009574:Nitro Compounds; C493487:Tlr4 protein, mouse; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; C082359:imidacloprid
Imidacloprid; Lungs; TLR-4; TNF-α