Surfactant enhanced pyrene degradation in the rhizosphere of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea).
The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of two non ionic surfactants (Tween 80 and Triton X-100), a biosurfactant (Lecithin), and randomly methylated-β-cyclodextrins (RAMEB) on the remediation of pyrene from soil planted with tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea). Soils with pyrene concentration of about 243 mg kg(-1) was grown with tall fescue and were individually amended with 0, 200, 600, 1000, and 1500 mg kg(-1) of Tween 80, Triton X-100, biosurfactant, and RAMEB. The results show that all surfactants significantly increased plant biomass compared to unamended soil. Dehydrogenase activity was also stimulated as a result of surfactant addition. Only 3.9 and 3.2 % of pyrene was decreased in the uncovered and covered abiotic sterile control, suggesting that microbial degradation was the main removal mechanism of pyrene from soil. In the planted treatment receiving no surfactant, the remediation of pyrene was 45 % which is significantly higher than that of corresponding unplanted control soil, suggesting that the cultivation of tall fescue alone could enhance the overall remediation of pyrene in soil. All surfactants had significantly higher rates of pyrene remediation compared to the unamended planted soil. Generally, RAMEB displayed the highest remediation rates, i.e., 64.4-79.1 % followed by the Triton X-100, i.e., 60.1-74.8 %. The positive impact of surfactants on pyrene remediation could possibly be because of their capacities to increase its bioavailability in soil. The evidence from this study suggests that the addition of surfactants could enhance phytoremediation of PAHs polluted soil.
Department of Environmental Engineering, Institute of Environmental Science and Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China. sardaralam35@gmail.com.|Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan. sardaralam35@gmail.com.
Sardar Alam
SA
Cheema
Department of Environmental Engineering, Institute of Environmental Science and Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.|Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan.
Muhammad Imran
MI
Khan
Department of Environmental Engineering, Institute of Environmental Science and Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
Xianjin
X
Tang
Department of Environmental Engineering, Institute of Environmental Science and Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China. ysxzt@zju.edu.cn.
Chaofeng
C
Shen
Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan.
Muhammad
M
Farooq
Department of Environmental Engineering, Institute of Environmental Science and Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
Yingxu
Y
Chen
D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D018533:Biomass; D031751:Festuca / Q000378:metabolism*; D017830:Octoxynol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011136:Polysorbates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011721:Pyrenes / Q000378:metabolism*; D058441:Rhizosphere; D012987:Soil; D013501:Surface-Active Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D047392:beta-Cyclodextrins / Q000494:pharmacology
D011136:Polysorbates; D011721:Pyrenes; D012987:Soil; D013501:Surface-Active Agents; D047392:beta-Cyclodextrins; D017830:Octoxynol; C030984:pyrene
Phytoremediation; Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; Pyrene; Surfactants; Tall fescue