Rapid increase of carbonate in cortical bones of hens during laying period.
The incorporation of carbonate has been recognized as an evident change in bone mineral (bioapatite) during aging. Laying hens (Gushi layer) at 4 stages of age (8 hens each stage) were studied by Raman spectroscopy and X-ray radiography to investigate the mineralogical changes and bone density, respectively. Cortical bones of the humerus and femur show a rapid increase of carbonate (∼1.9 wt.%) from sexual maturity to the peak of hens' laying period, while the densities of the cortical bones are relatively stable. Before sexual maturity, the density of the cortical bones increases considerably during aging. However, after the peak of the laying period, only femoral density continues elevating. Carbonate contents in the cortical bones reach the maximum at the peak of the laying period. Two pathways (halted growth of density and Ca-release due to the CO3incorporation) could both contribute to the intense Ca requirement for egg laying. Crystallization, however, has no significant changes during aging and the laying period. This study could shed light on the mechanism of mineral losses due to CO3incorporation, and also shows the advantages of Raman spectroscopy in tracking mineral loss in poultry bone.
College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China.
Z
Z
Li
College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China.
Q
Q
Li
College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China.
S-J
SJ
Wang
College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China.
L
L
Zhang
College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China.
J-Y
JY
Qiu
College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China.
Y
Y
Wu
College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China zhouzl@njau.edu.cn.
Z-L
ZL
Zhou
D000818:Animals; D015519:Bone Density; D002113:Calcification, Physiologic / Q000502:physiology; D002254:Carbonates / Q000032:analysis*; D002645:Chickens / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D005269:Femur / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D006811:Humerus / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D010058:Oviposition / Q000502:physiology*; D011859:Radiography; D013059:Spectrum Analysis, Raman
D002254:Carbonates
bioapatite; carbonate; femur; humerus; laying hen