4p16.3 microdeletions and microduplications detected by chromosomal microarray analysis: New insights into mechanisms and critical regions.
Deletions in the 4p16.3 region cause Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome, a well known contiguous microdeletion syndrome with the critical region for common phenotype mapped in WHSCR2. Recently, duplications in 4p16.3 were reported in three patients with developmental delay and dysmorphic features. Through chromosomal microarray analysis, we identified 156 patients with a deletion (n = 109) or duplication (n = 47) in 4p16.3 out of approximately 60,000 patients analyzed by Baylor Miraca Genetics Laboratories. Seventy-five of the postnatally detected deletions encompassed the entire critical region, 32 (43%) of which were associated with other chromosome rearrangements, including six patients (8%) that had a duplication adjacent to the terminal deletion. Our data indicate that Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome deletions with an adjacent duplication occur at a higher frequency than previously appreciated. Pure deletions (n = 14) or duplications (n = 15) without other copy number changes distal to or inside the WHSCR2 were identified for mapping of critical regions. Our data suggest that deletion of the segment from 0.6 to 0.9 Mb from the terminus of 4p causes a seizure phenotype and duplications of a region distal to the previously defined smallest region of overlap for 4p16.3 microduplication syndrome are associated with neurodevelopmental problems. We detected seven Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome deletions and one 4p16.3 duplication prenatally; all of the seven are either >8 Mb in size and/or associated with large duplications. In conclusion, our study provides deeper insight into the molecular mechanisms, the critical regions and effective prenatal diagnosis for 4p16.3 deletions/ duplications. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas.
Weimin
W
Bi
Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas.
Sau-Wai
SW
Cheung
Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas.
Amy M
AM
Breman
Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas. cbacino@bcm.edu.|Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas. cbacino@bcm.edu.
Carlos A
CA
Bacino
D002872:Chromosome Deletion; D025063:Chromosome Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics*; D058674:Chromosome Duplication; D002874:Chromosome Mapping; D002894:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 4; D055028:Comparative Genomic Hybridization; D056915:DNA Copy Number Variations; D006801:Humans; D017404:In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence; D040582:Inheritance Patterns; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D010641:Phenotype; D011296:Prenatal Diagnosis; D012640:Seizures / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics; D014178:Translocation, Genetic; D054877:Wolf-Hirschhorn Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics
CPLX1 and Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome; LETM1 and Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome; Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome; prenatal diagnosis and 4p deletion; seizures and 4p deletion