Studies on the cytotoxicity of diamond nanoparticles against human cancer cells and lymphocytes.
Detonation nanodiamonds (DND) are a widely studied group of carbon nanomaterials. They have the ability to adsorb a variety of biomolecules and drugs onto their surfaces, and additionally their surfaces may be subjected to chemical functionalization by covalent bonds. We present a procedure for the purification and surface oxidation of diamond nanoparticles, which were then tested by spectroscopic analysis such as ATR-FTIR, Raman spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis. We also examined the zeta potential of the tested material. Analysis of the cytotoxic effect of nanodiamonds against normal lymphocytes derived from human peripheral blood, the non-small cell lung cancer cell line (A549) and the human colorectal adenocarcinoma cell line (HT29) was performed using MTT colorimetric assay. Evaluation of cell viability was performed after 1-h and 24-h treatment with the tested nanoparticles applied at concentrations ranging from 1 μg/ml to 100 μg/ml. We found that the survival of the examined cells was strongly associated with the presence of serum proteins in the growth medium. The incubation of cells with nanodiamonds in the presence of serum did not exert a significant effect on cell survival, while the cell treatment in a serum-free medium resulted in a decrease in cell survival compared to the negative control. The role of purification and functionalization of nanodiamonds on their cytotoxicity was also demonstrated.
Institute for Nanomaterials, Advanced Technologies and Innovation, Technical University of Liberec, Studentska 2, 461 17 Liberec, Czech Republic.
Kinga
K
Adach
Institute for Nanomaterials, Advanced Technologies and Innovation, Technical University of Liberec, Studentska 2, 461 17 Liberec, Czech Republic. Electronic address: mateusz.fijalkowski@tul.cz.
Mateusz
M
Fijalkowski
Laboratory of Cytogenetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, 90 237 Lodz, Poland.
Gabriela
G
Gajek
Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Lodz, Tamka 12, 91 403 Lodz, Poland.
Janusz
J
Skolimowski
Laboratory of Cytogenetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, 90 237 Lodz, Poland.
Renata
R
Kontek
Laboratory of Cytogenetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, 90 237 Lodz, Poland.
Alina
A
Blaszczyk
D000072283:A549 Cells; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D005260:Female; D019073:HT29 Cells; D006801:Humans; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D058612:Nanodiamonds / Q000633:toxicity* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D013059:Spectrum Analysis, Raman
D058612:Nanodiamonds
Biocompatibility; Diamond nanoparticles; MTT assay; Surface functionalization