Clinical Features of and Risk Factors for Fatal Ebola Virus Disease, Moyamba District, Sierra Leone, December 2014-February 2015.
The 2013-2016 outbreak of Ebola virus disease (EVD) in West Africa infected >28,000 people, including >11,000 who died, and disrupted social life in the region. We retrospectively studied clinical signs and symptoms and risk factors for fatal outcome among 31 Ebola virus-positive patients admitted to the Ebola Treatment Center in Moyamba District, Sierra Leone. We found a higher rate of bleeding manifestations than reported elsewhere during the outbreak. Significant predictors for death were shorter time from symptom onset to admission, male sex, high viral load on initial laboratory testing, severe pain, diarrhea, bloody feces, and development of other bleeding manifestations during hospitalization. These risk factors for death could be used to identify patients in need of more intensive medical support. The lack of fever in as many as one third of EVD cases may have implications for temperature-screening practices and case definitions.
Yngvar Lunde
YL
Haaskjold
Håkon Angell
HA
Bolkan
Kurt Østhuus
KØ
Krogh
James
J
Jongopi
Karen Marie
KM
Lundeby
Sindre
S
Mellesmo
Pedro San José
PS
Garcés
Ola
O
Jøsendal
Åsmund
Å
Øpstad
Erling
E
Svensen
Luis Matias Zabala
LM
Fuentes
Alfred Sandy
AS
Kamara
Melchor
M
Riera
Javier
J
Arranz
David P
DP
Roberts
Paul D
PD
Stamper
Paula
P
Austin
Alfredo J
AJ
Moosa
Dennis
D
Marke
Shoaib
S
Hassan
Geir Egil
GE
Eide
Åse
Å
Berg
Bjørn
B
Blomberg
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004196:Disease Outbreaks; D029043:Ebolavirus / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D019142:Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000266:history / Q000821:virology; D049674:History, 21st Century; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D055256:Infectious Disease Incubation Period; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009026:Mortality; D011159:Population Surveillance; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012807:Sierra Leone / Q000453:epidemiology; D063189:Symptom Assessment; D019562:Viral Load; D055815:Young Adult
Ebola hemorrhagic fever; Ebola virus disease; Sierra Leone; clinical features; fatal disease; neglected diseases; risk factors; viruses