[Behavioural risk factors in L'Aquila (Central Italy) 3-5 years after the 2009 earthquake].
OBJECTIVE
to evaluate the long-term impact on the health of the general population of L'Aquila earthquake that occurred on April 6th, 2009.


METHODS
three consecutive surveys were performed on samples of the population of 18-69 years resident in L'Aquila and in the other towns affected by the earthquake. Data on health-related quality of life, depressive disorders, behaviour risk factor, and adoption of preventive measures were collected through telephone interviews in 2007-2008, in 2010, and in 2011-2014.


RESULTS
the prevalence of individuals who declared to have economic difficulties increased after 3-5 years from the earthquake (8% in 2010 vs. 14% in 2011-2014). Nevertheless, health-related quality of life improved (decrease of unhealthy days: 7 in 2010 vs. 5 in 2011-2014), while the prevalence of depressive symptoms decreased so that it reached the national average rates (16% in 2010 vs. 7% in 2011-2014). Lack of physical activity, a serious consequence of the first period after the earthquake, became less habitual (39% in 2010 vs. 27% in 2011-2014), probably due to an improvement in the urban redevelopment. The prevalence of smoking and harmful use of alcohol is high (34% and 21%), mostly among young adults.


CONCLUSIONS
3-5 years after the earthquake of L'Aquila, compared to 2010 the quality of life related to health is improved (except in people with at least one chronic disease), and the frequency of depressive symptoms decreased, a sign of an extended recovery from conditions caused by the earthquake, despite of an increasing economic difficulties. On the other hand, we must emphasize critical elements, such as the high prevalence of smoking and consumption of alcoholic beverages other than as part of the meals, especially among young people, and very frequent physical inactivity, particularly among the elderly, although lower than in 2010. Finally, adherence to preventive measures and screening for cancer, and adoption of road safety devices could be improved.
Centro nazionale di epidemiologia, sorveglianza e promozione della salute (Cnesps), Istituto superiore di Sanità, Roma. valentina.minardi@iss.it.
Valentina
V
Minardi
Centro nazionale di epidemiologia, sorveglianza e promozione della salute (Cnesps), Istituto superiore di Sanità, Roma.
Antonella
A
Gigantesco
ASL 1 Avezzano-Sulmona-L'Aquila, Regione Abruzzo, L'Aquila.
Cristiana
C
Mancini
Centro nazionale di epidemiologia, sorveglianza e promozione della salute (Cnesps), Istituto superiore di Sanità, Roma.
Elisa
E
Quarchioni
Gruppo tecnico PASSI.
Paolo
P
D'Argenio
Dipartimento di medicina clinica, sanità pubblica, scienze della vita e dell'ambiente, Università degli Studi dell'Aquila.
Vincenza
V
Cofini
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000437:Alcoholism / Q000453:epidemiology; D002947:Cities / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D003863:Depression / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D004190:Disasters; D055866:Earthquakes; D015444:Exercise; D005260:Female; D006117:Grief; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D011203:Poverty / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D015995:Prevalence; D011788:Quality of Life; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology; D013313:Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013997:Time Factors