An Overview of Nanoparticle Based Delivery for Treatment of Inner Ear Disorders.
Nanoparticles offer new possibilities for inner ear treatment as they can carry a variety of drugs, protein, and nucleic acids to inner ear. Nanoparticles are equipped with several functions such as targetability, immuno-transparency, biochemical stability, and ability to be visualized in vivo and in vitro. A group of novel peptides can be attached to the surface of nanoparticles that will enhance the cell entry, endosomal escape, and nuclear targeting. Eight different types of nanoparticles with different payload carrying strategies are available now. The transtympanic delivery of nanoparticles indicates that, depending on the type of nanoparticle, different migration pathways into the inner ear can be employed, and that optimal carriers can be designed according to the intended cargo. The use of nanoparticles as drug/gene carriers is especially attractive in conjunction with cochlear implantation or even as an inclusion in the implant as a drug/gene reservoir.
Department of Otolaryngology, University of Tampere and University Hospital of Tampere, Tampere, 33014, Finland. ilmari.pyykko@uta.fi.|Hearing and Balance Research Unit, Field of Otolaryngology, School of Medicine, University of Tampere, Medisiinarinkatu 3, Tampere, 33520, Finland. ilmari.pyykko@uta.fi.
Ilmari
I
Pyykkö
BECS, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Computational Science, Aalto University, Aalto, 02150, Espoo, Finland.
Jing
J
Zou
Department of Otolaryngology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, Innsbruck, 6020, Austria.
Annelies
A
Schrott-Fischer
Department of Otolaryngology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, Innsbruck, 6020, Austria.
Rudolf
R
Glueckert
BECS, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Computational Science, Aalto University, Aalto, Finland.
Paavo
P
Kinnunen
D000818:Animals; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D015316:Genetic Therapy; D006801:Humans; D007759:Labyrinth Diseases / Q000628:therapy*; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry
Gene therapy; Growth factor delivery; Repair of inner ear; Targeted drug delivery