Epidemiology, incidence and mortality of lung cancer and their relationship with the development index in the world.
BACKGROUND
The highest incidence of lung cancer is seen in North America and the lowest incidence in central Africa. Socioeconomic factors of inequality reflect regional disparities in human development. Due to the importance of awareness about incidence and mortality of lung cancer in health programming and the possible role of the human development index (HDI), this study was done with the aim to investigate the epidemiology of lung cancer in the world and its relationship with HDI.


METHODS
The study was conducted based on data from the world data of cancer and the World Bank (including the HDI and its components). Data about the age-specific incidence and mortality rate (ASR) for every country in 2012 were getting from the global cancer project. To analyze data, correlation tests between incidence and death rates, and HDI and its components were employed with a significance level of 0.05 using SPSS software.


RESULTS
Lung cancer with standardized incidence rate (ASIR) and standardized mortality rate (ASMR), equal to 23.1 and 19.7 (in 100,000 people), respectively. The highest and lowest values of mortality incidence ratio (MIR) for lung cancer due to continents division were 0.93 and 0.71 for Eastern Africa and Australia/New Zealand, respectively. Univariate analysis showed significant relationship (P<0.0001) between ASIR and ASMR with life expectancy at birth and mean years of schooling.


CONCLUSIONS
The highest MIR for lung cancer was for medium human development countries. Linear regression analysis showed a reverse significant relationship between MIR and HDI.
1 Department of Epidemiology, 2 Department of Health Management and Economics, School of Public Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran ; 3 Department of Elder Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran ; 4 Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran ; 5 Imam Reza Hospital, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran ; 6 Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran ; 7 Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran ; 8 Department of internal medicine, Imam Reza Hospital, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
Hosein
H
Rafiemanesh
1 Department of Epidemiology, 2 Department of Health Management and Economics, School of Public Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran ; 3 Department of Elder Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran ; 4 Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran ; 5 Imam Reza Hospital, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran ; 6 Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran ; 7 Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran ; 8 Department of internal medicine, Imam Reza Hospital, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
Mojtaba
M
Mehtarpour
1 Department of Epidemiology, 2 Department of Health Management and Economics, School of Public Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran ; 3 Department of Elder Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran ; 4 Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran ; 5 Imam Reza Hospital, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran ; 6 Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran ; 7 Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran ; 8 Department of internal medicine, Imam Reza Hospital, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
Farah
F
Khani
1 Department of Epidemiology, 2 Department of Health Management and Economics, School of Public Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran ; 3 Department of Elder Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran ; 4 Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran ; 5 Imam Reza Hospital, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran ; 6 Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran ; 7 Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran ; 8 Department of internal medicine, Imam Reza Hospital, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
Sayed Mohammadali
SM
Hesami
1 Department of Epidemiology, 2 Department of Health Management and Economics, School of Public Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran ; 3 Department of Elder Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran ; 4 Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran ; 5 Imam Reza Hospital, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran ; 6 Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran ; 7 Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran ; 8 Department of internal medicine, Imam Reza Hospital, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
Reza
R
Shamlou
1 Department of Epidemiology, 2 Department of Health Management and Economics, School of Public Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran ; 3 Department of Elder Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran ; 4 Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran ; 5 Imam Reza Hospital, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran ; 6 Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran ; 7 Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran ; 8 Department of internal medicine, Imam Reza Hospital, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
Farhad
F
Towhidi
1 Department of Epidemiology, 2 Department of Health Management and Economics, School of Public Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran ; 3 Department of Elder Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran ; 4 Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran ; 5 Imam Reza Hospital, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran ; 6 Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran ; 7 Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran ; 8 Department of internal medicine, Imam Reza Hospital, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
Hamid
H
Salehiniya
1 Department of Epidemiology, 2 Department of Health Management and Economics, School of Public Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran ; 3 Department of Elder Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran ; 4 Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran ; 5 Imam Reza Hospital, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran ; 6 Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran ; 7 Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran ; 8 Department of internal medicine, Imam Reza Hospital, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
Behnam Reza
BR
Makhsosi
1 Department of Epidemiology, 2 Department of Health Management and Economics, School of Public Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran ; 3 Department of Elder Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran ; 4 Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran ; 5 Imam Reza Hospital, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran ; 6 Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran ; 7 Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran ; 8 Department of internal medicine, Imam Reza Hospital, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
Ali
A
Moini
Lung cancer; human development index (HDI); incidence; mortality; world