Mesenchymal stem cells in cardiac regeneration: a detailed progress report of the last 6 years (2010-2015).
Mesenchymal stem cells have been used for cardiovascular regenerative therapy for decades. These cells have been established as one of the potential therapeutic agents, following several tests in animal models and clinical trials. In the process, various sources of mesenchymal stem cells have been identified which help in cardiac regeneration by either revitalizing the cardiac stem cells or revascularizing the arteries and veins of the heart. Although mesenchymal cell therapy has achieved considerable admiration, some challenges still remain that need to be overcome in order to establish it as a successful technique. This in-depth review is an attempt to summarize the major sources of mesenchymal stem cells involved in myocardial regeneration, the significant mechanisms involved in the process with a focus on studies (human and animal) conducted in the last 6 years and the challenges that remain to be addressed.
School of Bio Sciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, India.
Aastha
A
Singh
School of Bio Sciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, India.
Abhishek
A
Singh
School of Bio Sciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, India. dwaipayan.sen@vit.ac.in.|Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics Laboratory, Centre for Biomaterials, Cellular and Molecular Theranostics (CBCMT), VIT University, Vellore, 632014, Tamil Nadu, India. dwaipayan.sen@vit.ac.in.
Dwaipayan
D
Sen
D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D064987:Cell- and Tissue-Based Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D015870:Gene Expression; D006801:Humans; D045164:Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000145:classification / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D018919:Neovascularization, Physiologic; D012038:Regeneration / Q000502:physiology*; D044968:Regenerative Medicine; D058028:Research Report; D055153:Stem Cell Niche / Q000502:physiology
D015415:Biomarkers
Cardiac regeneration; Cell therapy; Cell transplantation; Mesenchymal stem cells; Niche hypothesis