Chlorpyrifos-methyl solubilisation by humic acids used as bio-surfactants extracted from lignocelluloses and kitchen wastes.
Chlorpyrifos-methyl (CLP-m) is a widely used organophosphate insecticide that can accumulate in soil and become toxic to humans. CLP-m can be removed from soil by its solubilisation using synthetic surfactants. However, synthetic surfactants can accumulate in soil causing contamination phenomena themselves. Bio-surfactants can be used as an alternative to synthetic ones, reducing costs and environmental issues. In this work, humic acid (HA) extracted from raw biomasses, i.e. lignocelluloses (HAL) and lignocelluloses plus kitchen food waste (HALF), corresponding composts (C) (HALC and HALFC) and leonardite (HAc), were tested in comparison with commercial surfactants, i.e. SDS, Tween 20 and DHAB, to solubilize CLP-m. Results obtained indicated that only biomass-derived HA, composted biomass-derived HA, and SDS solubilized CLP-m: SDS = 0.006; HAL = 0.007; HALC = 0.009 g; HALF = 0.025; HALFC = 0.024) (g CLP-m g(-1) surfactant). Lignocelluloses HAs (HAL, HALF) solubilized CLP-m just as well as SDS while lignocellulosic plus kitchen food waste HA (HALF, HALFC) showed a three times higher CLP-m solubilisation capability. This difference was attributed to the higher concentration of alkyl-Carbon that creates strong links with CLP-m in the hydrophobic micelle-core of the surfactants.
Gruppo Ricicla Labs - DiSAA - Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, Milano, Italy.
Barbara
B
Scaglia
Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Agricultural Chemistry Section, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia, 98, Catania, Italy.
Andrea
A
Baglieri
Gruppo Ricicla Labs - DiSAA - Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, Milano, Italy.
Fulvia
F
Tambone
Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Agricultural Chemistry Section, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia, 98, Catania, Italy.
Mara
M
Gennari
Gruppo Ricicla Labs - DiSAA - Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, Milano, Italy. Electronic address: fabrizio.adani@unimi.it.
Fabrizio
F
Adani
D018533:Biomass; D004390:Chlorpyrifos / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry; D052918:Environmental Restoration and Remediation / Q000379:methods*; D005735:Garbage; D006812:Humic Substances; D008031:Lignin / Q000737:chemistry*; D011136:Polysorbates; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry; D013501:Surface-Active Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification*
D006812:Humic Substances; D011136:Polysorbates; D012987:Soil; D013501:Surface-Active Agents; C036909:lignocellulose; D008031:Lignin; D004390:Chlorpyrifos; C007031:chlorpyrifos-methyl
Biosurfactant; Chlorpyrifos-methyl; Humic acid; Organic waste; SDS