Nosocomial infections and resistance pattern of common bacterial isolates in an intensive care unit of a tertiary hospital in Nigeria: A 4-year review.
Infection is a major determinant of clinical outcome among patients in the intensive care unit. However, these data are lacking in most developing countries; hence, we set out to describe the profile of nosocomial infection in one of the major tertiary hospitals in northern Nigeria.



Case records of patients who were admitted into the intensive care unit over a 4-year period were retrospectively reviewed. A preformed questionnaire was administered, and data on clinical and microbiological profile of patients with documented infection were obtained.



Eighty-our episodes of nosocomial infections were identified in 76 patients. Road traffic accident (29/76, 38.2%) was the leading cause of admission. The most common infections were skin and soft tissue infections (30/84, 35.7%) followed by urinary tract infection (23/84, 27.4%). The most frequent isolates were Staphylococcus aureus (35/84, 41.7%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (18/84, 21.4%), and Escherichia coli (13/84, 15.5%). High rate of resistance to cloxacillin (19/35, 54.3%) and cotrimoxazole (17/26, 65.4%) was noted among the S aureus isolates. All the Enterobacteriaceae isolates were susceptible to meropenem, whereas resistance rate to ceftriaxone was high (E coli, 55.6%; K pneumoniae, 71.4%; Proteus spp, 50%).



Infection control practice and measures to curtail the emergence of antimicrobial resistance need to be improved.
Infectious Disease Unit, Department of medicine, College of Health Science, Bayero University Kano, PMB 3011, Kano, Nigeria. Electronic address: ilyasug@yahoo.com.
Garba
G
Iliyasu
Infectious Disease Unit, Department of medicine, Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital,PMB 3452, Kano, Nigeria. Electronic address: farouqmd@yahoo.com.
Farouq Muhammad
FM
Daiyab
Infectious Disease Unit, Department of medicine, Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital,PMB 3452, Kano, Nigeria. Electronic address: dularem@yahoo.com.
Abdulwasiu Bolaji
AB
Tiamiyu
Infection Control Unit, Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, PMB 3452, Kano, Nigeria. Electronic address: sabubakar01@gmail.com.
Salisu
S
Abubakar
Infectious Disease Unit, Department of medicine, Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital,PMB 3452, Kano, Nigeria. Electronic address: zaiyadhabib@yahoo.com.
Zaiyad Garba
ZG
Habib
Department of Anaesthesia, College of Health Science, Bayero University Kano, PMB 3011, Kano, Nigeria. Electronic address: drsarki@yahoo.com.
Adamu Muhammad
AM
Sarki
Infectious Disease Unit, Department of medicine, College of Health Science, Bayero University Kano, PMB 3011, Kano, Nigeria. Electronic address: abdulrazaq_habib@yahoo.co.uk.
Abdulrazaq Garba
AG
Habib
D000328:Adult; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016470:Bacteremia / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology; D055499:Catheter-Related Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology; D002443:Ceftriaxone / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003023:Cloxacillin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003428:Cross Infection / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology*; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000502:physiology; D004927:Escherichia coli Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007362:Intensive Care Units; D007710:Klebsiella Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology; D007711:Klebsiella pneumoniae / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D000077731:Meropenem; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D008875:Middle Aged; D009549:Nigeria; D018410:Pneumonia, Bacterial / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013203:Staphylococcal Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000502:physiology; D013530:Surgical Wound Infection / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology; D062606:Tertiary Care Centers; D013845:Thienamycins / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015662:Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014552:Urinary Tract Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology; D055815:Young Adult
D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D013845:Thienamycins; D002443:Ceftriaxone; D015662:Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination; D000077731:Meropenem; D003023:Cloxacillin
Antimicrobial resistance; ICU; Nigeria; Nosocomial infection