Clinicopathological characteristics of non-diabetic renal disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in a northeastern Chinese medical center: a retrospective analysis of 273 cases.
OBJECTIVE
To investigate the clinical and histopathological features of non-diabetic renal disease (NDRD) superimposed on diabetic nephropathy (DN) in northeastern Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D), and compare the changes with those of pure DN and isolated NDRD.


METHODS
Single-center retrospective analysis based on medical records of 273 patients (172 men, mean age: 51.1 ± 12.4 years) with T2D who underwent renal biopsy between February 2000 and October 2015. All patients were diagnosed as cases of pure DN, isolated NDRD or NDRD superimposed on DN.


RESULTS
Out of the 273 T2D patients, 68 (24.9 %) had DN, 175 (64.1 %) had NDRD, and 30 (11.0 %) had NDRD superimposed on DN. Idiopathic membranous nephropathy (IMN, 29.7 %) was the most common NDRD followed by IgA nephropathy (IgAN, 22.9 %), and hypertensive renal arteriolar sclerosis was the most common lesion in patients diagnosed as NDRD superimposed on DN. Patients with NDRD had a shorter duration of diabetes and lower frequencies of diabetic retinopathy (DR, 6.9 %) and renal failure (28.0 %), which is consistent with higher estimated glomerular filtration rates (eGFR) and lower systolic blood pressure (SBP). No significant between-group differences were observed with respect to proteinuria and hematuria.


CONCLUSIONS
Renal biopsy is strongly recommended for T2D patients to distinguish DN, NDRD and NDRD superimposed on DN, especially in patients with no signs of DR. This approach may help in early diagnosis and treatment of NDRD and improve renal outcomes in northeastern Chinese T2D patients.
The Department of Nephrology, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130041, Jilin, China.
Shujun
S
Liu
The Department of Nephrology, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130041, Jilin, China.
Qiaoyan
Q
Guo
The Department of Endocrinology, 208th Hospital of PLA, Changchun, China.
Hongbo
H
Han
The Department of Nephrology, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130041, Jilin, China.
Peihe
P
Cui
The Department of Nephrology, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130041, Jilin, China.
Xiao
X
Liu
The Department of Nephrology, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130041, Jilin, China.
Lining
L
Miao
The Department of Nephrology, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130041, Jilin, China.
Hongbin
H
Zou
The Department of Nephrology, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130041, Jilin, China. sungd@jlu.edu.cn.
Guangdong
G
Sun
D000328:Adult; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D061345:Early Medical Intervention; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D007677:Kidney Function Tests / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies
Clinical manifestations; Diabetic nephropathy; Histopathology; Non-diabetic renal disease; Renal biopsy; Type 2 diabetes