Addressing aquatic hazard classification for metals, metal compounds and alloys in marine systems.
New International Maritime Organization regulations require shippers to classify all solid bulk cargo to indicate whether they are Harmful to the Marine Environment (HME). The objective of this work was to adapt the freshwater Transformation/Dissolution Protocol (T/DP) to marine water to provide a method to determine, when compared with marine Ecotoxicity Reference Values (ERVs), whether a metal-bearing substance is HME. The substances examined were: Cu2O powder; Ni metal powder; Co3O4 powder; and a Ni-Co-Fe alloy, as wire cuttings, which were the same substances examined in the freshwater T/D validation study and afforded comparisons of the reactivity, or measure of the rate and extent of metal release from the metal-bearing substances in freshwater versus marine conditions. The marine T/D method is suitable for conducting examinations of metal-bearing substances with a wide range of reactivities, from the relatively reactive Cu2O powder and the alloy to the Co3O4 powder, which was the least reactive.
Mine Closure and Ecosystem Risk Management Program, CanmetMINING, Natural Resources Canada, 555 Booth St., Ottawa K1A 0G1, Canada. Electronic address: Philippa.Huntsman-Mapila@canada.ca.
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Mine Closure and Ecosystem Risk Management Program, CanmetMINING, Natural Resources Canada, 555 Booth St., Ottawa K1A 0G1, Canada. Electronic address: Jim.Skeaff@canada.ca.
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Skeaff
Analytical Services Group, CanmetMINING, Natural Resources Canada, 555 Booth St., Ottawa K1A 0G1, Canada. Electronic address: Marcin.Pawlak@canada.ca.
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Pawlak
Mine Closure and Ecosystem Risk Management Program, CanmetMINING, Natural Resources Canada, 555 Booth St., Ottawa K1A 0G1, Canada. Electronic address: Robert.Beaudoin@canada.ca.
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Beaudoin
D000497:Alloys / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D003035:Cobalt / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D003300:Copper / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D054750:Ecotoxicology; D005618:Fresh Water / Q000737:chemistry; D015386:Hazardous Substances / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D019216:Metals, Heavy / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D010087:Oxides / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D012623:Seawater / Q000737:chemistry; D012995:Solubility; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry
D000497:Alloys; D015386:Hazardous Substances; D019216:Metals, Heavy; D010087:Oxides; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D003035:Cobalt; D003300:Copper; C000520:cuprous oxide; C060728:cobalt oxide
Alloys; Marine environment; Metals; Shipping; Transformation/Dissolution