Antimicrobial activity of biogenic silver nanoparticles, and silver chloride nanoparticles: an overview and comments.
The antimicrobial impact of biogenic-synthesized silver-based nanoparticles has been the focus of increasing interest. As the antimicrobial activity of nanoparticles is highly dependent on their size and surface, the complete and adequate characterization of the nanoparticle is important. This review discusses the characterization and antimicrobial activity of biogenic synthesized silver nanoparticles and silver chloride nanoparticles. By revising the literature, there is confusion in the characterization of these two silver-based nanoparticles, which consequently affects the conclusion regarding to their antimicrobial activities. This review critically analyzes recent publications on the synthesis of biogenic silver nanoparticles and silver chloride nanoparticles by attempting to correlate the characterization of the nanoparticles with their antimicrobial activity. It was difficult to correlate the size of biogenic nanoparticles with their antimicrobial activity, since different techniques are employed for the characterization. Biogenic synthesized silver-based nanoparticles are not completely characterized, particularly the nature of capped proteins covering the nanomaterials. Moreover, the antimicrobial activity of theses nanoparticles is assayed by using different protocols and strains, which difficult the comparison among the published papers. It is important to select some bacteria as standards, by following international foundations (Pharmaceutical Microbiology Manual) and use the minimal inhibitory concentration by broth microdilution assays from Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, which is the most common assay used in antibiotic ones. Therefore, we conclude that to have relevant results on antimicrobial effects of biogenic silver-based nanoparticles, it is necessary to have a complete and adequate characterization of these nanostructures, followed by standard methodology in microbiology protocols.
Institute of Chemistry, Biological Chemistry Laboratory, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, C.P. 6154, Campinas, SP, CEP 13083-970, Brazil. duran@iqm.unicamp.br.|Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory (LNNano-CNPEM), Campinas, SP, Brazil. duran@iqm.unicamp.br.|Laboratory of Nanomaterials Synthesis and Biological Interactions (NanoBioss), Institute of Chemistry, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, C.P., 6154, Campinas, SP, CEP 13083-970, Brazil. duran@iqm.unicamp.br.
Nelson
N
Durán
Departament of Microbiology, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil.
Gerson
G
Nakazato
Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory (LNNano-CNPEM), Campinas, SP, Brazil. amedea.seabra@gmail.com.|Exact and Earth Sciences Department, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua São Nicolau, 210, Centro, CEP, Diadema, SP, 09913-030, Brazil. amedea.seabra@gmail.com.|Center of Natural and Human Sciences, Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo André, SP, Brazil. amedea.seabra@gmail.com.
Amedea B
AB
Seabra
D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001419:Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D005658:Fungi / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D010944:Plants / Q000378:metabolism; D012834:Silver / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018030:Silver Compounds / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology
D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D018030:Silver Compounds; D012834:Silver; C037548:silver chloride
Antibacterial; Antimicrobial; Biogenic synthesis; Silver chloride nanoparticles; Silver nanoparticles; X-ray diffraction