Peri-implant evaluation of osseointegrated implants subjected to orthodontic forces: results after three years of functional loading.
OBJECTIVE
The objective of this study was to clinically and radiographically assess the peri-implant conditions of implants used as orthodontic anchorage.


METHODS
Two groups were studied: 1) a test group in which osseointegrated implants were used as orthodontic anchorage, with the application of 200-cN force; and 2) a control group in which implants were not subjected to orthodontic force, but supported a screw-retained prosthesis. Clinical evaluations were performed three, six and nine months after prosthesis installation and 1- and 3-year follow-up examinations. Intraoral periapical radiographs were obtained 30 days after surgical implant placement, at the time of prosthesis installation, and one, two and three years thereafter. The results were compared by Kruskal-Wallis test.


RESULTS
There was no statistically significant difference in clinical probing depth (p = 0.1078) or mesial and distal crestal bone resorption (p = 0.1832) during the study period. After three years of follow-up, the mean probing depth was 2.21 mm for the control group and 2.39 mm for the test group. The implants of the control group showed a mean distance between the bone crest and implant shoulder of 2.39 mm, whereas the implants used as orthodontic anchorage showed a mean distance of 2.58 mm at the distal site.


CONCLUSIONS
Results suggest that the use of stable intraoral orthodontic anchorage did not compromise the health of peri-implant tissues or the longevity of the implant.
Graduate student in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná (UNIOESTE), School of Dentistry, Cascavel, Paraná, Brazil., Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, School of Dentistry, Cascavel Paraná , Brazil.
Bruna de Rezende
Bde R
Marins
Undergraduate student, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná (UNIOESTE), School of Dentistry, Cascavel, Paraná, Brazil., Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, School of Dentistry, Cascavel Paraná , Brazil.
Suy Ellen
SE
Pramiu
Professor, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná (UNIOESTE), Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Cascavel, Paraná, Brazil., Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Cascavel Paraná , Brazil.
Mauro Carlos Agner
MC
Busato
Professor, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná (UNIOESTE), Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Cascavel, Paraná, Brazil., Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Cascavel Paraná , Brazil.
Luiz Carlos
LC
Marchi
Professor of Periodontology and Oral Implantology, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná (UNIOESTE), Department of Implantology, School of Dentistry, Cascavel, Paraná, Brazil., Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Department of Implantology, School of Dentistry, Cascavel Paraná , Brazil.
Adriane Yaeko
AY
Togashi
D000328:Adult; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena / Q000502:physiology*; D001732:Bite Force; D001862:Bone Resorption / Q000503:physiopathology; D059605:Dental Implant-Abutment Design; D003758:Dental Implantation, Endosseous; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D057893:Immediate Dental Implant Loading; D008297:Male; D008422:Materials Testing; D008875:Middle Aged; D052280:Orthodontic Anchorage Procedures; D009971:Orthodontics, Corrective; D016348:Osseointegration / Q000502:physiology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D053441:Suture Anchors; D014025:Titanium
D014025:Titanium