Antioxidant, Antibacterial, and Antiproliferative Activities of Free and Bound Phenolics from Peel and Flesh of Fuji Apple.
This study was conducted to investigate the antioxidant, antibacterial, and antiproliferative activities of flesh free (FF), flesh bound (FB), peel free (PF), and peel bound (PB) phenolics from Fuji apple. The PB, which had highest total phenolic contents (126.15 ± 2.41 mg/100 g wet weight) and lowest total carbohydrate contents (34.68 ± 2.78 mg/100 g wet weight), showed the strongest 2,2'-azinobis-(3-ethylbenthiazoline-6-sulphonate) (ABTS) radical scavenging activity (EC50 = 0.36 ± 0.02 mg/mL), 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity (EC50 = 0.26 ± 0.01 mg/mL), and ferric reducing antioxidant power (Ferric reducing antioxidant power; EC50 = 0.19 ± 0.02 mg/mL) compared with those of FF, FB, and PF. The PB also showed the strongest antibacterial activities on Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Listeria monocytogenes and it also showed the highest antiproliferative effects on Caco-2 human colonic cancer cell (EC50 = 1.44 ± 0.01 mg/mL) and Hela human cervical cell (EC50 = 2.81 ± 0.01 mg/mL). Both free and bound phenolics from Fuji apple showed good antioxidant, antibacterial, and antiproliferative activities in our study, and bound phenolics had significantly higher activities compared with those of free phenolics.
School of Biological Science, The Univ. of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, P.R. China.
Jincan
J
Luo
School of Biological Science, The Univ. of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, P.R. China.
Pei
P
Zhang
School of Biological Science, The Univ. of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, P.R. China.
Siqian
S
Li
School of Biological Science, The Univ. of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, P.R. China.
Nagendra P
NP
Shah
D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001419:Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds / Q000378:metabolism; D018938:Caco-2 Cells; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D003110:Colonic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry*; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D008089:Listeria monocytogenes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy; D027845:Malus / Q000737:chemistry*; D010636:Phenols / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010851:Picrates / Q000378:metabolism; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development
D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D000975:Antioxidants; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds; D010636:Phenols; D010851:Picrates; D010936:Plant Extracts; C004931:1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl
antibacterial activity; antioxidant activity; antiproliferative activity; apple; phenolics