Mechanism of formation of 3-chloropropan-1,2-diol (3-MCPD) esters under conditions of the vegetable oil refining.
3-MCPD esters are contaminants that can form during refining of vegetable oils in the deodorization step. It was experimentally shown that their content in the vegetable oil depends on the acid value of the vegetable oil and the chloride content. 3-MCPD esters form approximately 2-5 times faster from diacylglycerols than from monoacylglycerols. It has been proved that the higher fatty acids content in the oil caused higher 3-MCPD esters content in the deodorization step. Neutralization of free fatty acids in the vegetable oil before the deodorization step by alkaline carbonates or hydrogen carbonates can completely suppress the formation of 3-MCPD esters. Potassium salts are more effective than sodium salts.
Department of Dairy, Fat and Cosmetics, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic. Electronic address: jan.smidrkal@vscht.cz.
Jan
J
Šmidrkal
Department of Dairy, Fat and Cosmetics, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic.
Markéta
M
Tesařová
Department of Dairy, Fat and Cosmetics, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic.
Iveta
I
Hrádková
Department of Dairy, Fat and Cosmetics, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic.
Markéta
M
Berčíková
Department of Dairy, Fat and Cosmetics, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic.
Aneta
A
Adamčíková
Department of Dairy, Fat and Cosmetics, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic.
Vladimír
V
Filip
D002712:Chlorides / Q000032:analysis; D004075:Diglycerides / Q000737:chemistry; D004952:Esters; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000032:analysis; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified / Q000737:chemistry; D005511:Food Handling / Q000379:methods*; D009812:Odorants; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000737:chemistry*; D000517:alpha-Chlorohydrin / Q000032:analysis* / Q000138:chemical synthesis*
D002712:Chlorides; D004075:Diglycerides; D004952:Esters; D005227:Fatty Acids; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; D010938:Plant Oils; D000517:alpha-Chlorohydrin
2-Diol; 2-Dipalmitate; 3-CPD esters; 3-Chloropropane-1; 3-MCPD esters; Deodorization; Palm oil; Refining