Empowerment in nurse leader groups in middle management: a quantitative comparative investigation.
OBJECTIVE
The aim was to investigate structural empowerment in nurse leaders in middle management positions. Objectives were to determine levels of empowerment of nurse leaders and to compare levels of empowerment between nurse leader groups.


BACKGROUND
Access to formal and informal power, opportunity, resources, information and support are determinants of structural empowerment. Empowerment of nurse leaders in middle management positions is vital given their roles in enabling nursing teams to deliver high-quality care, benefitting both patient and workforce outcomes.


METHODS
Quantitative component of a mixed methods study using survey principles.


METHODS
The Conditions of Work Effectiveness Questionnaire II was distributed to the total population (n = 517) of nurse leaders in an NHS Foundation Trust in England. Nurse leader groups comprised unit leaders (sisters, matrons) and senior staff nurses. Quantitative data entered on spss v 17/18, were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics.


RESULTS
Overall, the unit response rate was 44·1% (n = 228). Levels of total and global empowerment were moderate and moderate to high respectively. Groups did not differ significantly on these parameters or on five elements of total empowerment, but significantly higher scores were found for unit leaders' access to information. Significantly higher scores were found for senior staff nurses on selected aspects of informal power and access to resources, but scores were significantly lower than unit leaders for components of support.


CONCLUSIONS
A moderately empowered population of nurse leaders differed in relation to access to information, aspects of support, resources and informal power, reflecting differences in roles, spheres of responsibility, hierarchical position and the constraints on empowerment imposed on unit leaders by financial and resource pressures.


CONCLUSIONS
Empowerment of nurse leaders in middle management is vital in enabling nursing teams to deliver high-quality care. Roles, spheres of responsibility, hierarchical position and constraints imposed by financial and resource pressures influence nurse leader empowerment. Administrative support is needed to sustain practice engagement.
Guys and St Thomas NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
Caroline
C
Spencer
Department of Health and Social Care, London South Bank University, London, UK.
Susan
S
McLaren
D000328:Adult; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D004739:England; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009718:Nurse Administrators / Q000523:psychology*; D011209:Power, Psychological; D057184:Practice Patterns, Nurses'; D013222:State Medicine; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
empowerment; middle managers; nurse leaders