Inflammation-induced reversible switch of the neuron-specific enolase promoter from Purkinje neurons to Bergmann glia.
Neuron-specific enolase (NSE) is a glycolytic isoenzyme found in mature neurons and cells of neuronal origin. Injecting adeno-associated virus serotype 9 (AAV9) vectors carrying the NSE promoter into the cerebellar cortex is likely to cause the specific transduction of neuronal cells, such as Purkinje cells (PCs) and interneurons, but not Bergmann glia (BG). However, we found BG-predominant transduction without PC transduction along a traumatic needle tract for viral injection. The enhancement of neuroinflammation by the co-application of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) with AAV9 significantly expanded the BG-predominant area concurrently with the potentiated microglial activation. The BG-predominant transduction was gradually replaced by the PC-predominant transduction as the neuroinflammation dissipated. Experiments using glioma cell cultures revealed significant activation of the NSE promoter due to glucose deprivation, suggesting that intracellularly stored glycogen is metabolized through the glycolytic pathway for energy. Activation of the glycolytic enzyme promoter in BG concurrently with inactivation in PC may have pathophysiological significance for the production of lactate in activated BG and the utilization of lactate, which is provided by the BG-PC lactate shuttle, as a primary energy resource in injured PCs.
Department of Neurophysiology &Neural Repair, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan.
Yusuke
Y
Sawada
Department of Neurophysiology &Neural Repair, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan.
Ayumu
A
Konno
Department of Neurophysiology &Neural Repair, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan.
Jun
J
Nagaoka
Department of Neurophysiology &Neural Repair, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan.|Research Program for Neural Signalling, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Signal Research, Gunma University Initiative for Advanced Research, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan.
Hirokazu
H
Hirai
D000818:Animals; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002525:Cerebellar Cortex / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D000229:Dependovirus / Q000235:genetics; D005822:Genetic Vectors / Q000008:administration & dosage; D007249:Inflammation / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000235:genetics*; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000009:adverse effects; D051379:Mice; D009457:Neuroglia / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D010751:Phosphopyruvate Hydratase / Q000235:genetics*; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D011689:Purkinje Cells / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats
D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D019344:Lactic Acid; D010751:Phosphopyruvate Hydratase