Perinatal outcome of macrosomic infants born to diabetic versus non-diabetic mothers.
OBJECTIVE
To assess the incidence and perinatal complications of macrosomic infants born to diabetic and non-diabetic mothers.


METHODS
A six-year retrospective study of newborns at our hospital. A total of 996 macrosomic newborns were found. Maternal characteristics, mode of delivery, and perinatal outcomes were studied.


RESULTS
Of 18005 newborns, 996 were macrosomic infants (5.53%). Of these, 103 (10.3%) were born to diabetic mothers. Diabetic mothers had higher parity (1.89 vs. 1.35; P<0.000), cesarean section rate (52.4 vs. 31.1%; P<0.05), and resuscitation rate (5.8 vs. 1.8%; P<0.006; RR: 2.9; 95% CI: 1.42-5.9), and greater need for hospitalization (19.4 vs. 9.6%; p<0.002; RR: 2; 95% CI: 1.3-3.2) and intensive care (5.8 vs. 0.7%; P<0.000; RR: 5.3; 95% CI: 2.8-10) mostly for hypoglycemia (7.8 vs. 1%; P<0.000; RR: 5; 95% CI: 2.8-8.3), jaundice (8.7 vs. 2.1%; P<0.000; RR: 3.1; 95% CI: 1.9-5.9), respiratory distress (4.9 vs. 1.3%; P<0.009; RR: 2.9; 95% CI: 1.4-6.7), and asphyxia (2.9 vs. 0.4%; P<0.005; RR: 4.3; 95% CI: 1.8-11.1). No differences were found in birth trauma.


CONCLUSIONS
Macrosomic infants born to diabetic mothers have an increased risk of hospital admission in the neonatal period for hypoglycemia, jaundice, respiratory distress, and asphyxia, and a greater need of intensive care. Obstetric trauma rates were similar in both groups.
Unidad de Neonatología y Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Neonatales, Hospital Universitario Santa Lucía, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Cartagena, Cartagena, Murcia, España. Electronic address: jmlloreda@gmail.com.
Jose Maria
JM
Lloreda-García
Unidad de Neonatología y Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Neonatales, Hospital Universitario Santa Lucía, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Cartagena, Cartagena, Murcia, España.
Sandra
S
Sevilla-Denia
Unidad de Neonatología y Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Neonatales, Hospital Universitario Santa Lucía, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Cartagena, Cartagena, Murcia, España.
Alba
A
Rodríguez-Sánchez
Unidad de Neonatología y Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Neonatales, Hospital Universitario Santa Lucía, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Cartagena, Cartagena, Murcia, España.
Pablo
P
Muñoz-Martínez
Unidad de Neonatología y Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Neonatales, Hospital Universitario Santa Lucía, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Cartagena, Cartagena, Murcia, España.
Marta
M
Díaz-Ruiz
D000328:Adult; D016640:Diabetes, Gestational / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007003:Hypoglycemia / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology*; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007232:Infant, Newborn, Diseases / Q000208:ethnology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011254:Pregnancy in Diabetics / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology*
Diabetes gestacional; Diabetes pregestacional; Gestational diabetes; Hipoglucemia; Hypoglycemia; Macrosomia; Macrosomía; Obstetric trauma; Pregestational diabetes; Traumatismos obstétricos