Key metabolites in tissue extracts of Elliptio complanata identified using (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
We used (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy to describe key metabolites of the polar metabolome of the freshwater mussel, Elliptio complanata. Principal components analysis documented variability across tissue types and river of origin in mussels collected from two rivers in North Carolina (USA). Muscle, digestive gland, mantle and gill tissues yielded identifiable but overlapping metabolic profiles. Variation in digestive gland metabolic profiles between the two mussel collection sites was characterized by differences in mono- and disaccharides. Variation in mantle tissue metabolomes appeared to be associated with sex. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy is a sensitive means to detect metabolites in the tissues of E. complanata and holds promise as a tool for the investigation of freshwater mussel health and physiology.
Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Box 8401, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA; Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources, College of Natural Resources, North Carolina State University, Box 7106, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA; North Carolina State University, Environmental Medicine Consortium, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA.
Jennifer L
JL
Hurley-Sanders
Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Box 8401, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA; North Carolina State University, Environmental Medicine Consortium, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA.
Jay F
JF
Levine
Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources, College of Natural Resources, North Carolina State University, Box 7106, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
Stacy A C
SA
Nelson
Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Box 8401, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA; North Carolina State University, Environmental Medicine Consortium, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA.
J M
JM
Law
Department of Marine, Earth, and Atmospheric Sciences, College of Sciences, North Carolina State University, Box 8208, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
William J
WJ
Showers
North Carolina State University, Environmental Medicine Consortium, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA; Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Box 8401, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA.
Michael K
MK
Stoskopf
Freshwater mussels; metabolites; nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy