A Study of the Variation in the Salivary Peptide Profiles of Young Healthy Adults Acquired Using MALDI-TOF MS.
A cross-sectional observational study was conducted to evaluate the inter-individual variation in the MALDI-TOF MS peptide profiles of unstimulated whole saliva in a population of 268 systemically healthy adults aged 18-30 yr (150 males and 118 females) with no apparent caries lesions or periodontal disease. Using Spectral Clustering, four subgroups of individuals were identified within the study population. These subgroups were delimited by the pattern of variation in 9 peaks detected in the 2-15 kDa m/z range. An Unsupervised Feature Selection algorithm showed that P-C peptide, a 44 residue-long salivary acidic proline-rich protein, and three of its fragments (Fr. 1-25, Fr. 15-35 and Fr. 15-44) play a central role in delimiting the subgroups. Significant differences were found in the salivary biochemistry of the subgroups with regard to lysozyme and chitinase, two enzymes that are part of the salivary innate defense system (p < 0.001). These results suggest that MALDI-TOF MS salivary peptide profiles may relate information on the underlying state of the oral ecosystem and may provide a useful reference for salivary disease biomarker discovery studies.
Top Institute Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, The Netherlands.|Department of Oral Biochemistry, Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA) University of Amsterdam and Free University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Andrei
http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2789-7789
A
Prodan
Top Institute Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, The Netherlands.|Department of Oral Biochemistry, Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA) University of Amsterdam and Free University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Henk
H
Brand
Top Institute Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, The Netherlands.|MSB Group, The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Zeist, The Netherlands.
Sultan
S
Imangaliyev
MSB Group, The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Zeist, The Netherlands.
Evgeni
E
Tsivtsivadze
Department of Periodontology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Free University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Fridus
F
van der Weijden
Department CBRN Protection, The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Rijswijk, The Netherlands.
Ad
A
de Jong
Department CBRN Protection, The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Rijswijk, The Netherlands.
Armand
A
Paauw
Top Institute Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, The Netherlands.|Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Free University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Wim
W
Crielaard
Top Institute Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, The Netherlands.|MSB Group, The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Zeist, The Netherlands.
Bart
B
Keijser
Department of Oral Biochemistry, Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA) University of Amsterdam and Free University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Enno
E
Veerman
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000465:Algorithms; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000737:chemistry; D002688:Chitinases / Q000737:chemistry; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D064368:Healthy Volunteers; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009113:Muramidase / Q000737:chemistry; D009426:Netherlands; D012016:Reference Values; D012463:Saliva / Q000737:chemistry*; D012471:Salivary Proteins and Peptides / Q000737:chemistry*; D019032:Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization; D055815:Young Adult
D015415:Biomarkers; D012471:Salivary Proteins and Peptides; D002688:Chitinases; D009113:Muramidase