Moxifloxacin: Clinically compatible contrast agent for multiphoton imaging.
Multiphoton microscopy (MPM) is a nonlinear fluorescence microscopic technique widely used for cellular imaging of thick tissues and live animals in biological studies. However, MPM application to human tissues is limited by weak endogenous fluorescence in tissue and cytotoxicity of exogenous probes. Herein, we describe the applications of moxifloxacin, an FDA-approved antibiotic, as a cell-labeling agent for MPM. Moxifloxacin has bright intrinsic multiphoton fluorescence, good tissue penetration and high intracellular concentration. MPM with moxifloxacin was demonstrated in various cell lines, and animal tissues of cornea, skin, small intestine and bladder. Clinical application is promising since imaging based on moxifloxacin labeling could be 10 times faster than imaging based on endogenous fluorescence.
Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Rep. of Korea.
Taejun
T
Wang
Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Rep. of Korea.
Won Hyuk
WH
Jang
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Rep. of Korea.
Seunghun
S
Lee
Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Rep. of Korea.
Calvin J
CJ
Yoon
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Rep. of Korea.
Jun Ho
JH
Lee
Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Rep. of Korea.
Bumju
B
Kim
Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Rep. of Korea.
Sekyu
S
Hwang
Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Rep. of Korea.
Chun-Pyo
CP
Hong
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Rep. of Korea.
Yeoreum
Y
Yoon
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Rep. of Korea.
Gilgu
G
Lee
Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Rep. of Korea.
Viet-Hoan
VH
Le
Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Rep. of Korea.
Seoyeon
S
Bok
Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Rep. of Korea.
G-One
GO
Ahn
Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Rep. of Korea.
Jaewook
J
Lee
Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Rep. of Korea.
Yong Song
YS
Gho
Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, and School of Mechanical Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 123 Cheomdan-gwagiro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Rep. of Korea.
Euiheon
E
Chung
Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Rep. of Korea.
Sungjee
S
Kim
Academy of Immunology and Microbiology, Institute for Basic Science, 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Rep. of Korea.
Myoung Ho
MH
Jang
Department of Gastroenterology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, 88 Olympic-ro, 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul 05505, Rep. of Korea.
Seung-Jae
SJ
Myung
Department of Ophthalmology, Asan University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, 88 Olympic-ro, 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul 05505, Rep. of Korea.
Myoung Joon
MJ
Kim
Department of Mechanical Engineering and Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
Peter T C
PT
So
Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Rep. of Korea.|Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Rep. of Korea.
Ki Hean
KH
Kim
D000818:Animals; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000378:metabolism*; D003315:Cornea / Q000378:metabolism; D024841:Fluoroquinolones / Q000378:metabolism*; D019073:HT29 Cells; D006801:Humans; D007421:Intestine, Small / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D036641:Microscopy, Fluorescence, Multiphoton / Q000379:methods*; D000077266:Moxifloxacin; D041681:NIH 3T3 Cells; D012867:Skin / Q000378:metabolism; D014018:Tissue Distribution; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000378:metabolism
D003287:Contrast Media; D024841:Fluoroquinolones; D000077266:Moxifloxacin