Do extraversion and neuroticism moderate the association between bullying victimization and internalizing symptoms? A three-wave longitudinal study.
The current study examined the moderating roles of neuroticism and extraversion in victims of bullying. According to a stress-diathesis model, we hypothesized that adolescents with high levels of neuroticism and low levels of extraversion would react to victimization with increased symptoms of depression and social anxiety. A sample of 1440 adolescents (648 girls and 792 boys; ages between 13- and 17-years-old) completed measures of extraversion and neuroticism at time 1, as well as measures of bullying victimization, depressive symptoms and social anxiety symptoms at time 1, time 2, and time 3 (in intervals of six months). The results of multilevel analyses for longitudinal data indicated that there was a weak association between bullying victimization and social anxiety symptoms for the adolescents who scored high on extraversion. In addition, the adolescents with high levels of extraversion presented a greater reduction in depressive symptoms over time than adolescents with low levels. Although neuroticism predicted both depression and social anxiety, no significant interactions were evident between neuroticism and bullying victimization. Regarding gender differences, the association between bullying victimization and social anxiety was stronger for boys than for girls, whereas the association between neuroticism and depression was stronger for girls.
University of Deusto, Spain. Electronic address: esther.calvete@deusto.es.
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Calvete
University of Deusto, Spain.
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Orue
Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain.
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Gamez-Guadix
D000293:Adolescent; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000523:psychology*; D058445:Bullying; D019548:Crime Victims / Q000523:psychology*; D003863:Depression / Q000523:psychology*; D005120:Extraversion, Psychological; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D000075384:Neuroticism; D000072861:Phobia, Social / Q000523:psychology*
Bullying victimization; Extraversion; Internalizing symptoms; Neuroticism