National reduction in porcine circovirus type 2 prevalence following introduction of vaccination.
Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2), a small, single-stranded circular DNA virus and the causative agent of porcine circovirus associated disease (PCVAD), was first observed in the mid-1990s in pigs with a post-weaning wasting disease. In 2006 the number of PCVAD cases greatly increased, marking it as an important viral pathogen for the United States (US) swine industry. PCV2 vaccines were introduced to the US in 2006 in response to widespread outbreaks of PCVAD. These vaccines were effective in preventing disease, but did not eliminate virus from the animals. In 2006, prior to vaccine use, a study of PCV2 prevalence in pig herds across the US was performed in conjunction with the US National Animal Health Monitoring System. In 2012, 6 years after widespread PCV2 vaccination, this study was repeated. Since the introduction of PCV2 vaccines in 2006, viral presence and viral loads have greatly decreased, and a genotypic shift dominated by PCV2b has occurred. Antibody levels have decreased in the pig population, but approximately 95% of sites continue to be antibody-positive. Widespread vaccination has controlled PCVAD and decreased PCV2 prevalence to the point that viremia is not detected on many sites. Thus, continued vaccination may lead to PCV2 elimination in the national herd over time.
Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, 1971 Commonwealth Ave, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA. Electronic address: dvora013@umn.edu.
Cheryl M T
CM
Dvorak
Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, 1971 Commonwealth Ave, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA. Electronic address: yyan14@gmail.com.
Yan
Y
Yang
Centers for Epidemiology and Animal Health, USDA-APHIS-VS, 2150 Centre Avenue, Building B, MS 2E7 Fort Collins, CO, USA. Electronic address: charles.a.haley@aphis.usda.gov.
Charles
C
Haley
Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, 1971 Commonwealth Ave, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA. Electronic address: sharm131@umn.edu.
Nikita
N
Sharma
Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, 1971 Commonwealth Ave, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA. Electronic address: murta001@umn.edu.
Michael P
MP
Murtaugh
D000818:Animals; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood; D018173:Circoviridae Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000662:veterinary* / Q000821:virology; D017925:Circovirus / Q000235:genetics; D060740:Disease Eradication; D005838:Genotype; D015995:Prevalence; D013552:Swine; D013553:Swine Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000821:virology*; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D014611:Vaccination / Q000662:veterinary; D019562:Viral Load; D014765:Viral Vaccines / Q000592:standards*
D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D014765:Viral Vaccines
Epidemiology; Immunology; PCV2; Porcine circovirus 2; Swine; Vaccination; Veterinary virology