In vitro and in vivo anti-diabetic and hepatoprotective effects of edible pods of Parkia roxburghii and quantification of the active constituent by HPLC-PDA.
BACKGROUND
Parkia roxburghii G. Don. is a traditional medicinal plant and its pods are extensively used as food and medicine. It is believed by the traditional healers to have medicinal properties to treat diabetes, hypertension and urinary tract infections (Jamaluddin et al., 1994).


METHODS
The methanolic extract of pods of P roxburghii and fractions were screened for their α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibitory activity. Anti-hyperglycemic effects were studied on streptozotocin (45mg/kg b.w.) induced diabetes in albino rats (seven groups, n=7 n=6), using different doses for 14 days. Plasma glucose concentration (HbA1c) was analysed using whole blood, while SGOT, SGPT, TG, TC and uric acid were analysed using serum, employing commercial kits. Quantitative analysis of the major active constituent was carried out by HPLC-PDA.


RESULTS
Bioactivity guided chemical investigation of the edible pods of P roxburghii identified sub-fraction EA-Fr 5 which significantly inhibited α-glucosidase (IC50 0.39±0.06 µgmL(-1)), reduced the blood glucose level to normal, and lowered the elevated levels of liver function enzymes SGOT and SGPT in STZ-induced diabetic rats. EA-Fr 5 was found to contain epigallocatechin gallate (1) and hyperin (2) which exhibited significantly higher α-glucosidase inhibitory potency with IC50 0.51±0.09 and 0.71±0.03µM respectively. EA-Fr 5 contained 379.82±2.90mg/g of EGCG, the major active constituent which manifests a broad spectrum of biological activities.


CONCLUSIONS
The present investigation for the first time reports the occurrence of EGCG and hyperin in P roxburghii and substantiates the traditional use of pods of P roxburghii as dietary supplement for management of diabetes with significantly promising α-glucosidase inhibitory potency and anti-hyperglycemic as well as hepatoprotective effects.
Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Natural Product Chemistry & Pharmacology Programme, Institute of Bioresources & Sustainable Development, Takyelpat, Imphal 795001, Manipur, India.
Yunus
Y
Sheikh
Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Natural Product Chemistry & Pharmacology Programme, Institute of Bioresources & Sustainable Development, Takyelpat, Imphal 795001, Manipur, India.
Beebina Chanu
BC
Maibam
Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Natural Product Chemistry & Pharmacology Programme, Institute of Bioresources & Sustainable Development, Takyelpat, Imphal 795001, Manipur, India.
Narayan Chandra
NC
Talukdar
Department of Chemistry, Gauhati University, Guwahati 781014, Assam, India.
Dibakar Chandra
DC
Deka
Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Natural Product Chemistry & Pharmacology Programme, Institute of Bioresources & Sustainable Development, Takyelpat, Imphal 795001, Manipur, India. Electronic address: jcborah03@yahoo.com.
Jagat Chandra
JC
Borah
D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D002392:Catechin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000097:blood / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000201:enzymology; D007887:Fabaceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry*; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism; D065089:Glycoside Hydrolase Inhibitors / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity; D010946:Plants, Medicinal; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013311:Streptozocin; D013997:Time Factors; D000516:alpha-Amylases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D000520:alpha-Glucosidases / Q000378:metabolism
D015415:Biomarkers; D001786:Blood Glucose; D002392:Catechin; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D065089:Glycoside Hydrolase Inhibitors; D010936:Plant Extracts; D013311:Streptozocin; D000516:alpha-Amylases; D000520:alpha-Glucosidases; C045651:epigallocatechin gallate
Anti-hyperglycemic; Diabetes; Parkia roxburghii; α-Amylase; α-Glucosidase