Sucrose Sensitivity of Honey Bees Is Differently Affected by Dietary Protein and a Neonicotinoid Pesticide.
Over a decade, declines in honey bee colonies have raised worldwide concerns. Several potentially contributing factors have been investigated, e.g. parasites, diseases, and pesticides. Neonicotinoid pesticides have received much attention due to their intensive use in crop protection, and their adverse effects on many levels of honey bee physiology led the European Union to ban these compounds. Due to their neuronal target, a receptor expressed throughout the insect nervous system, studies have focused mainly on neuroscience and behaviour. Through the Geometric Framework of nutrition, we investigated effects of the neonicotinoid thiamethoxam on survival, food consumption and sucrose sensitivity of honey bees (Apis mellifera). Thiamethoxam did not affect protein and carbohydrate intake, but decreased responses to high concentrations of sucrose. Interestingly, when bees ate fixed unbalanced diets, dietary protein facilitated better sucrose detection. Both thiamethoxam and dietary protein influenced survival. These findings suggest that, in the presence of a pesticide and unbalanced food, honey bee health may be severely challenged. Consequences for foraging efficiency and colony activity, cornerstones of honey bee health, are also discussed.
Social Research Insect Group, Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, 0028, Pretoria, South Africa.
Fabien J
FJ
Démares
Social Research Insect Group, Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, 0028, Pretoria, South Africa.
Kendall L
KL
Crous
Social Research Insect Group, Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, 0028, Pretoria, South Africa.
Christian W W
CW
Pirk
Social Research Insect Group, Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, 0028, Pretoria, South Africa.
Susan W
SW
Nicolson
Social Research Insect Group, Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, 0028, Pretoria, South Africa.
Hannelie
H
Human
D000818:Animals; D001516:Bees / Q000378:metabolism*; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004351:Drug Resistance / Q000187:drug effects*; D000073943:Neonicotinoids; D009574:Nitro Compounds / Q000633:toxicity*; D010078:Oxazines / Q000633:toxicity*; D010575:Pesticides / Q000633:toxicity*; D013395:Sucrose / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000077922:Thiamethoxam; D013844:Thiazoles / Q000633:toxicity*
D004044:Dietary Proteins; D000073943:Neonicotinoids; D009574:Nitro Compounds; D010078:Oxazines; D010575:Pesticides; D013844:Thiazoles; D013395:Sucrose; D000077922:Thiamethoxam