Exposure of agricultural crops to nanoparticle CeO2in biochar-amended soil.
Biochar is seeing increased usage as an amendment in agricultural soils but the significance of nanoscale interactions between this additive and engineered nanoparticles (ENP) remains unknown. Corn, lettuce, soybean and zucchini were grown for 28 d in two different soils (agricultural, residential) amended with 0-2000 mg engineered nanoparticle (ENP) CeO2kg-1and biochar (350 °C or 600 °C) at application rates of 0-5% (w/w). At harvest, plants were analyzed for biomass, Ce content, chlorophyll and lipid peroxidation. Biomass from the four species grown in residential soil varied with species and biochar type. However, biomass in the agricultural soil amended with biochar 600 °C was largely unaffected. Biochar co-exposure had minimal impact on Ce accumulation, with reduced or increased Ce content occurring at the highest (5%) biochar level. Soil-specific and biochar-specific effects on Ce accumulation were observed in the four species. For example, zucchini grown in agricultural soil with 2000 mg CeO2kg-1and 350 °C biochar (0.5-5%) accumulated greater Ce than the control. However, for the 600 °C biochar, the opposite effect was evident, with decreased Ce content as biochar increased. A principal component analysis showed that biochar type accounted for 56-99% of the variance in chlorophyll and lipid peroxidation across the plants. SEM and μ-XRF showed Ce association with specific biochar and soil components, while μ-XANES analysis confirmed that after 28 d in soil, the Ce remained largely as CeO2. The current study demonstrates that biochar synthesis conditions significantly impact interactions with ENP, with subsequent effects on particle fate and effects.
Department of Analytical Chemistry, Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, CT, 06511, United States.
Alia D
AD
Servin
Department of Analytical Chemistry, Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, CT, 06511, United States.
Roberto
R
De la Torre-Roche
European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, B.P. 220, 38043, Grenoble Cedex, France.
Hiram
H
Castillo-Michel
Department of Analytical Chemistry, Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, CT, 06511, United States; Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, United States; Department of Life Sciences, University of Parma, 43124, Parma, Italy.
Luca
L
Pagano
Department of Analytical Chemistry, Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, CT, 06511, United States.
Joseph
J
Hawthorne
Department of Analytical Chemistry, Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, CT, 06511, United States.
Craig
C
Musante
Department of Environmental Sciences, Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, CT, 06511, United States.
Joseph
J
Pignatello
USDA-ARS, New Orleans, LA, 70124, United States.
Minori
M
Uchimiya
Department of Analytical Chemistry, Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, CT, 06511, United States. Electronic address: Jason.White@ct.gov.
Jason C
JC
White
D000383:Agriculture / Q000379:methods; D018533:Biomass; D002563:Cerium / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*; D002606:Charcoal / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*; D002734:Chlorophyll / Q000378:metabolism; D018556:Crops, Agricultural / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D028464:Cucurbita / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D018545:Lactuca / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008054:Lipid Peroxides / Q000378:metabolism; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry*; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity; D013025:Glycine max / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D013045:Species Specificity; D056928:X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopy; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction; D003313:Zea mays / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism
D008054:Lipid Peroxides; D012987:Soil; D012989:Soil Pollutants; C540010:biochar; D002734:Chlorophyll; D002606:Charcoal; D002563:Cerium; C030583:ceric oxide
Agricultural crops; Biochar; CeO2 ENPs; Engineered nanoparticles; Synchrotron; Toxicity