Immunomodulatory effects of polysaccharide compounds in macrophages revealed by high resolution AFM.
Polysaccharide compounds (PCs), which composed of different kinds of polysaccharides always isolated from different kinds of traditional Chinese medicine, are now attracting more and more attentions due to their strong immunomodulatory activities beyond the corresponding one-component polysaccharides. In this study, we demonstrated for the first time that PCs-1 and PCs-2 had strong immunomodulatory effects on macrophages both in in vitro and in vivo models by atomic force microscopy (AFM). By high resolution AFM imaging, PCs-1 and PCs-2 were found to inhibit LPS induced cell surface particle size and roughness increase in RAW264.7 macrophages, demonstrating the anti-inflammatory effects of PCs-1 and PCs-2 on macrophages. PCs-1 and PCs-2 were also proved to increase the particle size and roughness of resting RAW264.7 macrophages, which suggested that PCs could activate resting RAW264.7 macrophages. And additionally, PCs-1 and PCs-2 were also found to reverse the surface particle size and roughness decrease of peritoneal macrophages isolated from cyclophosphamide induced immunosuppressive mice, suggesting the activation effects of PCs-1 and PCs-2 on immunosuppressive macrophages. These results further enhanced our understanding of macrophage activations by direct imaging of cell surface ultrastructure and also highlighted AFM as a novel nanotool for macrophage detections. And most importantly, these results also indicated the outstanding immunomodulatory effects of PCs on macrophages, which therefore suggested that PCs could be served as a kind of novel immunomodulatory agents that would benefit human health. SCANNING 38:792-801, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.|State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China.
Jiang
J
Pi
Infinitus Chinese Herbal Immunity Research Centre, Guangzhou, China.
Yuanyuan
Y
Wang
Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
Haiyan
H
Zhu
State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China.
Hua
H
Jin
State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China.
Jinhuan
J
Jiang
State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China.
Fen
F
Yang
Infinitus Chinese Herbal Immunity Research Centre, Guangzhou, China.
Chung Wah
CW
Ma
Infinitus Chinese Herbal Immunity Research Centre, Guangzhou, China.
Minghua
M
Hu
Infinitus Chinese Herbal Immunity Research Centre, Guangzhou, China.
Fangli
F
Ma
Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
Huaihong
H
Cai
Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.|State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China.
Jiye
J
Cai
D000818:Animals; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D007155:Immunologic Factors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008262:Macrophage Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D018625:Microscopy, Atomic Force; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology*
D007155:Immunologic Factors; D011134:Polysaccharides
atomic force microscopy; immunomodulatory; macrophages; polysaccharide compounds