Biological Control of Meloidogyne incognita by Aspergillus niger F22 Producing Oxalic Acid.
Restricted usage of chemical nematicides has led to development of environmentally safe alternatives. A culture filtrate of Aspergillus niger F22 was highly active against Meloidogyne incognita with marked mortality of second-stage juveniles (J2s) and inhibition of egg hatching. The nematicidal component was identified as oxalic acid by organic acid analysis and gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS). Exposure to 2 mmol/L oxalic acid resulted in 100% juvenile mortality at 1 day after treatment and suppressed egg hatching by 95.6% at 7 days after treatment. Oxalic acid showed similar nematicidal activity against M. hapla, but was not highly toxic to Bursaphelenchus xylophilus. The fungus was incubated on solid medium and dried culture was used for preparation of a wettable powder-type (WP) formulation as an active ingredient. Two WP formulations, F22-WP10 (ai 10%) and oxalic acid-WP8 (ai 8%), were prepared using F22 solid culture and oxalic acid. In a field naturally infested with M. incognita, application of a mixture of F22-WP10 + oxalic acid-WP8 at 1,000- and 500-fold dilutions significantly reduced gall formation on the roots of watermelon plants by 58.8 and 70.7%, respectively, compared to the non-treated control. The disease control efficacy of the mixture of F22-WP10 + oxalic acid-WP8 was significantly higher than that of a chemical nematicide, Sunchungtan (ai 30% fosthiazate). These results suggest that A. niger F22 can be used as a microbial nematicide for the control of root-knot nematode disease.
Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Institute of Environmentally Friendly Agriculture, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.|Department of Plant Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea.
Ja Yeong
JY
Jang
Center for Eco-friendly New Materials, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
Yong Ho
YH
Choi
Crop Protection Research Team, Dongbu Advanced Research Institute, Dongbu Farm Hannong Company, Ltd., Nonsan-si, Republic of Korea.
Teak Soo
TS
Shin
Crop Protection Research Team, Dongbu Advanced Research Institute, Dongbu Farm Hannong Company, Ltd., Nonsan-si, Republic of Korea.
Tae Hoon
TH
Kim
Biological Resources Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
Kee-Sun
KS
Shin
World Institute of Kimchi, an Annex of Korea Food Research Institute, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.
Hae Woong
HW
Park
Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Young Ho
YH
Kim
Center for Eco-friendly New Materials, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
Hun
H
Kim
Center for Eco-friendly New Materials, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
Gyung Ja
GJ
Choi
Center for Eco-friendly New Materials, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
Kyoung Soo
KS
Jang
Department of Plant Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea.
Byeongjin
B
Cha
Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Institute of Environmentally Friendly Agriculture, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.
In Seon
IS
Kim
Crop Protection Research Team, Dongbu Advanced Research Institute, Dongbu Farm Hannong Company, Ltd., Nonsan-si, Republic of Korea.
Eul Jae
EJ
Myung
Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Institute of Environmentally Friendly Agriculture, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.
Jin-Cheol
http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0753-1966
JC
Kim
D000171:Acrolein / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D000969:Antinematodal Agents / Q000378:metabolism*; D001234:Aspergillus niger / Q000378:metabolism; D009943:Organophosphorus Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology; D019815:Oxalic Acid / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D053778:Thiazolidines / Q000494:pharmacology; D014431:Tylenchoidea / Q000187:drug effects*
D000969:Antinematodal Agents; D009943:Organophosphorus Compounds; D053778:Thiazolidines; D000171:Acrolein; C493102:fosthiazate; D019815:Oxalic Acid; C012843:cinnamaldehyde