Investigation into the cytotoxicity and mutagenicity of the Marajó Archipelago waters using Plagioscion squamosissimus (Perciformes: Sciaenidae) as a bioindicator.
Maintaining water quality within tolerable limits is a basic need of the riverside communities in the Amazon. Using endemic aquatic organisms as biological models is useful for monitoring the environment. In this study, potential cytotoxic and genotoxic damages in Plagioscion squamosissimus (commonly known as silver croaker) from the Marajó Archipelago were evaluated using a flow cytometry assay and a survey of micronuclei (MN) frequency as well as other nuclear abnormalities (NA). P. squamosissimus specimens were collected at four locations in the Marajó Archipelago. Blood samples from these fish were used in the flow cytometry assay and piscine micronucleus test, and the resulting data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA). We did not observe a difference in the erythrocyte cell cycle distribution among the samples (P=0.9992), which suggests the absence of cytotoxic agent-induced apoptosis. The piscine micronucleus test exhibited differences in the samples from São Sebastião da Boa Vista (SSBV), and those from Anajás produced the highest mutagenicity indices. The MN frequencies were low for all groups, but the groups exhibited significantly different frequencies (P=0.0033). Reniform nuclei, nuclei with extensions, and lobed nuclei were combined and considered NA. The frequency differences for these NA were significant among sampling sites (P <0.0001). This report is the first to use flow cytometry in fish to evaluate cytotoxic agent-induced apoptosis. The micronucleus test results indicate the presence of pollutants that can change the genetic material of the fish studied. We also demonstrate that the Amazonian fish P. squamosissimus is important not only as a comestible species but also as an adequate model for biomonitoring in aquatic environments.
Fishery and Agribusiness Resource Coordination (Coordenação de Recursos Pesqueiros e Agronegócio), Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Pará (Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Pará), Belém, Pará, Brazil. Electronic address: carlos.rocha@ifpa.edu.br.
Carlos Alberto Machado da
CA
Rocha
Coordination of Biological Sciences (Coordenação de Ciências Biológicas), Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Pará (Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Pará), Belém, Pará, Brazil. Electronic address: carla.pessoa35@yahoo.com.br.
Carla Mariana Ferreira
CM
Pessoa
Social, Environmental and Water Resources Institute (Instituto Sócio Ambiental e Recursos Hídricos), Federal Rural University of Amazonia (Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia), Belém, Pará, Brazil. Electronic address: claudia.engel@yahoo.com.br.
Claudia Antonia Campos
CA
Rodrigues
Social, Environmental and Water Resources Institute (Instituto Sócio Ambiental e Recursos Hídricos), Federal Rural University of Amazonia (Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia), Belém, Pará, Brazil. Electronic address: eng_henryque@yahoo.com.br.
Raul Henrique da Silva
RH
Pinheiro
Experimental Neuropathology Laboratory (Laboratório de Neuropatologia Experimental - LaNEx), Hospital Universitário Barros Barreto, Belém, Pará, Brazil. Electronic address: etcosta@globo.com.
Edmar Tavares da
ET
Costa
Laboratory of Human Cytogenetics and Genetic Toxicology (Laboratório de Citogenética Humana e Genética Toxicológica), Federal University of Pará (Universidade Federal do Pará), Belém, Pará, Brazil. Electronic address: guimaraesac@gmail.com.
Adriana Costa
AC
Guimarães
Laboratory of Human Cytogenetics and Genetic Toxicology (Laboratório de Citogenética Humana e Genética Toxicológica), Federal University of Pará (Universidade Federal do Pará), Belém, Pará, Brazil. Electronic address: rommel@ufpa.br.
Rommel Rodríguez
RR
Burbano
D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D001938:Brazil; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000187:drug effects; D003603:Cytotoxins / Q000633:toxicity*; D004249:DNA Damage; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000187:drug effects; D015162:Micronucleus Tests; D009153:Mutagens / Q000633:toxicity*; D010473:Perciformes / Q000235:genetics; D045483:Rivers; D014873:Water Pollutants / Q000633:toxicity*
D003603:Cytotoxins; D009153:Mutagens; D014873:Water Pollutants
Fish erythrocytes; Flow cytometry; Marajó archipelago; Micronucleus test