Elicitation of Medicinally Important Antioxidant Secondary Metabolites with Silver and Gold Nanoparticles in Callus Cultures of Prunella vulgaris L.
Prunella vulgaris L. (P. vulgaris) is an important medicinal plant with a wide range of antiviral properties. Traditionally, it is known as self-heal because of its faster effects on wound healing. It is commonly known as a natural antiseptic due to the presence of various polyphenols. There is lack of research efforts on its propagation and production of bioactive compounds under field and in vitro conditions. In this study, the effects of different ratios (1:2, 1:3, 2:1, and 3:1) of silver (Ag) and gold (Au) nanoparticles (NPs) alone or in combination with naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) were investigated for callus culture development and production of secondary metabolites. The Ag (30 μg l-1), AgAu (1:2), and AgAu (2:1) NPs in combination with NAA (2.0 mg l-1) enhanced callus proliferation (100 %) as compared to the control (95 %). Among the different NPs tested, AuNPs with or without NAA produced higher biomass in log phases (35-42 days) of growth kinetics. Furthermore, AgAu (1:3) and AuNPs alone enhanced total protein content (855 μg-BSAE/mg-fresh weight (FW)), superoxide dismutase (0.54 nM/min/mg-FW), and peroxidase (0.39 nM/min/mg-FW) enzymes in callus cultures. The AgAuNPs (1:3) in combination with NAA induced maximum accumulation of phenolics (TPC 9.57 mg/g-dry weight (DW)) and flavonoid (6.71 mg/g-DW) content. Moreover, AgAuNPs (3:1) without NAA enhanced antioxidant activity (87.85 %). This study provides the first evidence of NP effect on callus culture development and production of natural antioxidants in P. vulgaris.
Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan.|Pakistan Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (PCSIR) Laboratories Complex, Peshawar, 25120, Pakistan.
Hina
H
Fazal
Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan. bhabbasi@qau.edu.pk.
Bilal Haider
BH
Abbasi
Center for Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Swat, Swat, 19200, Pakistan. ahmadn@uswat.edu.pk.
Nisar
N
Ahmad
Center for Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Swat, Swat, 19200, Pakistan.
Mohammad
M
Ali
D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism*; D018533:Biomass; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000032:analysis; D006046:Gold / Q000737:chemistry*; D007700:Kinetics; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D009280:Naphthaleneacetic Acids / Q000494:pharmacology; D010636:Phenols / Q000032:analysis; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D010946:Plants, Medicinal / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism; D031347:Prunella / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism; D064210:Secondary Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects; D012834:Silver / Q000737:chemistry*; D046509:Tissue Culture Techniques / Q000379:methods*
D000975:Antioxidants; D005419:Flavonoids; D009280:Naphthaleneacetic Acids; D010636:Phenols; D010940:Plant Proteins; D012834:Silver; D006046:Gold
In vitro cultures; Nanoparticles; Naphthalene acetic acid; Prunella vulgaris; Secondary metabolism