Upper Gastrointestinal Tract Motility Disorders in Women, Gastroparesis, and Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease.
This article reviews the sex differences in upper gastrointestinal (GI) motility for both healthy and common dysmotility conditions. It focuses on gastroesophageal reflux disease and other esophageal motor disorders for the esophagus and on gastroparesis and accelerated gastric emptying for the stomach. It also describes differences in upper GI motility signs and symptoms during each female hormonal stage (ie, menstrual cycle, pregnancy, perimenopause, menopause) for both healthy participants and those suffering from one of the aforementioned upper GI dysmotility conditions. More research still needs to be conducted to better understand sex differences in upper GI motility.
Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, 1959 Northeast Pacific Street, Box 356424, Seattle, WA 98195-6424, USA. Electronic address: JZia@medicine.washington.edu.
Jasmine K
JK
Zia
Department of Biobehavioral Nursing and Health Systems, University of Washington, 1959 Northeast Pacific Street, Box 357266, Seattle, WA 98195-7266, USA.
Margaret M
MM
Heitkemper
D015154:Esophageal Motility Disorders / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004947:Esophagus / Q000502:physiology; D004967:Estrogens / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005746:Gastric Emptying / Q000502:physiology; D005764:Gastroesophageal Reflux / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005769:Gastrointestinal Motility / Q000502:physiology; D018589:Gastroparesis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011374:Progesterone / Q000378:metabolism; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D013270:Stomach / Q000502:physiology
D004967:Estrogens; D011374:Progesterone
Estrogen; GERD; Gastrointestinal dysmotility; Gastroparesis; Progesterone; Sex differences; Women’s health