Antigenic landscape of the HIV-1 envelope and new immunological concepts defined by HIV-1 broadly neutralizing antibodies.
The isolation of HIV-1 broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) has demonstrated the ability of the human immune system to mount effective antibody responses against the virus. To harness this immune potential to elicit similar antibody responses by vaccination, it is important to understand the immunological processes that produce them. Here we review recent advances in crystal structural determinations of HIV-1 bnAb epitopes that directly portray the antigenic landscape of the HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein. We also summarize new immunological concepts implicated in bnAb sequences and their lineage studies.
Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, New York, NY 10016, USA. Electronic address: xwu@adarc.org.
Xueling
X
Wu
New York University, School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA. Electronic address: xiangpeng.kong@med.nyu.edu.
Xiang-Peng
XP
Kong
D000818:Animals; D057134:Antibodies, Neutralizing / Q000276:immunology*; D000940:Antigenic Variation; D000939:Epitopes / Q000378:metabolism*; D015483:HIV Antibodies / Q000276:immunology*; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000276:immunology*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D000071497:Immunogenicity, Vaccine; D011323:Primates; D027041:Somatic Hypermutation, Immunoglobulin; D054299:env Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus / Q000378:metabolism*
D057134:Antibodies, Neutralizing; D000939:Epitopes; D015483:HIV Antibodies; D054299:env Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus