Relationship of Consumption of Meals Including Grain, Fish and Meat, and Vegetable Dishes to the Prevention of Nutrient Deficiency: The INTERMAP Toyama Study.
A Japanese-style diet consists of meals that include grain (shushoku), fish and meat (shusai), and vegetable dishes (fukusai). Little is known about the association of such meals (designated well-balanced meals hereafter) with nutrient intake. We therefore examined the frequency of well-balanced meals required to prevent nutrient deficiency. Participants were Japanese people, ages 40 to 59 y, from Toyama, recruited for INTERMAP, in an international population-based study. Each person provided 4 in-depth 24-h dietary recalls (149 men, 150 women). The prevalence of risk ratios of not meeting the Dietary Reference Intakes for Japanese (2015) was calculated. Well-balanced diets were assessed by the Japanese Food Guide Spinning Top. We counted the frequencies of meals in which participants consumed 1.0 or more servings of all 3 dishes categories. We divided the frequency of consumption of well-balanced meals into the following 4 groups: <1.00 time/d, 1.00-1.49 times/d, 1.50-1.74 times/d, and ≥1.75 times/d. Compared with participants in the highest frequency group for well-balanced meals, those who consumed well-balanced meals less than once a day had a higher risk of not meeting the adequate intake for potassium and the recommended dietary allowance for vitamin A. Those who consumed well-balanced meals on average less than 1.50 times per day had a higher risk of not meeting the recommended dietary allowance for calcium and vitamin C. Our results suggest that individuals should on average consume well-balanced meals more than 1.5 times per day to prevent calcium and vitamin C deficiencies.
Department of Food and Human Health Science, Osaka City University, Graduate School of Human Life Science.
Tatsuya
T
Koyama
Katsushi
K
Yoshita
Masaru
M
Sakurai
Katsuyuki
K
Miura
Yuchi
Y
Naruse
Nagako
N
Okuda
Akira
A
Okayama
Jeremiah
J
Stamler
Hirotsugu
H
Ueshima
Hideaki
H
Nakagawa
D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D001205:Ascorbic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood; D001206:Ascorbic Acid Deficiency / Q000517:prevention & control; D044466:Asian People; D015992:Body Mass Index; D001835:Body Weight; D002136:Calcium, Dietary / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood; D000072001:Diet, Healthy; D002149:Energy Intake; D005260:Female; D005399:Fishes; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D008297:Male; D044342:Malnutrition / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008460:Meat; D011939:Mental Recall; D018977:Micronutrients / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000172:deficiency; D008875:Middle Aged; D015596:Nutrition Assessment; D064167:Recommended Dietary Allowances; D017747:Seafood; D014675:Vegetables; D014801:Vitamin A / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood; D014802:Vitamin A Deficiency / Q000517:prevention & control; D000067348:Whole Grains
D002136:Calcium, Dietary; D018977:Micronutrients; D014801:Vitamin A; D001205:Ascorbic Acid