Pleiotropic Effects of IL-2 on Cancer: Its Role in Cervical Cancer.
IL-2 receptor (IL-2R) signalling is critical for normal lymphocyte proliferation, but its role in cervical cancer is not fully understood. The receptor is composed of three chains: IL-2α, IL-2β, and IL-2γ. Intracellular signalling is initiated by ligand-induced heterodimerization of the IL-2β and IL-2γ chains, resulting in the activation of multiple intracellular kinases. Recently, IL-2R was shown to be expressed on nonhaematopoietic cells, especially on several types of tumour cells. However, the function of this receptor on malignant cells has not been clearly defined. The expression of IL-2R and the production of IL-2 in cervical cancer cells have been documented as well as expression of molecules of the JAK-STAT pathway. In the current review we have highlighted the differences in the responses of molecules downstream from the IL-2R in normal lymphocytes and tumour cells that could explain the presence of tumour cells in an environment in which cytotoxic lymphocytes also exist and compete and also the effect of different concentrations of IL-2 that could activate effector cells of the immune system cells, which favour the elimination of tumour cells, or concentrations that may promote a regulatory microenvironment in which tumour cells can easily grow.
Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Cell Differentiation and Cancer Research Unit, FES Zaragoza, National University of Mexico, Batalla 5 de Mayo s/n, Colonia Ejército de Oriente, 09230 Mexico City, DF, Mexico.
Arturo
A
Valle-Mendiola
Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Cell Differentiation and Cancer Research Unit, FES Zaragoza, National University of Mexico, Batalla 5 de Mayo s/n, Colonia Ejército de Oriente, 09230 Mexico City, DF, Mexico; Cátedra CONACYT, FES Zaragoza, National University of Mexico, Mexico City, DF, Mexico.
Adriana
A
Gutiérrez-Hoya
Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Cell Differentiation and Cancer Research Unit, FES Zaragoza, National University of Mexico, Batalla 5 de Mayo s/n, Colonia Ejército de Oriente, 09230 Mexico City, DF, Mexico.
María del Carmen
Mdel C
Lagunas-Cruz
Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Cell Differentiation and Cancer Research Unit, FES Zaragoza, National University of Mexico, Batalla 5 de Mayo s/n, Colonia Ejército de Oriente, 09230 Mexico City, DF, Mexico.
Benny
B
Weiss-Steider
Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Cell Differentiation and Cancer Research Unit, FES Zaragoza, National University of Mexico, Batalla 5 de Mayo s/n, Colonia Ejército de Oriente, 09230 Mexico City, DF, Mexico.
Isabel
I
Soto-Cruz
D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D008954:Models, Biological; D015375:Receptors, Interleukin-2 / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism*
D007376:Interleukin-2; D015375:Receptors, Interleukin-2