Numerical simulations of river discharges, nutrient flux and nutrient dispersal in Jakarta Bay, Indonesia.
The present application of numerical modelling techniques provides an overview of river discharges, nutrient flux and nutrient dispersal in Jakarta Bay. A hydrological model simulated river discharges with a total of 90 to 377m(3)s(-1) entering Jakarta Bay. Daily total nitrogen and total phosphorus loads ranged from 40 to 174tons and 14 to 60tons, respectively. Flow model results indicate that nutrient gradients are subject to turbulent mixing by tides and advective transport through circulation driven by wind, barotropic and baroclinic pressure gradients. The bulk of nutrient loads originate from the Citarum and Cisadane rivers flowing through predominantly rural areas. Despite lower nutrient loads, river discharges from the urban area of Jakarta exhibit the highest impact of nutrient concentrations in the near shore area of Jakarta Bay and show that nutrient concentrations were not only regulated by nutrient loads but were strongly regulated by initial river concentrations and local flow characteristics.
Forschungs- und Technologiezentrum Westküste, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Hafentörn 1, D-25761 Büsum, Germany. Electronic address: office@ftz-west.uni-kiel.de.
Simon A
SA
van der Wulp
Centre for Coastal and Marine Resources Studies, Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia; Department of Living Aquatic Resources Management, Fac. of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia.
Ario
A
Damar
Forschungs- und Technologiezentrum Westküste, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Hafentörn 1, D-25761 Büsum, Germany.
Norbert
N
Ladwig
Forschungs- und Technologiezentrum Westküste, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Hafentörn 1, D-25761 Büsum, Germany.
Karl-J
KJ
Hesse
D061006:Bays / Q000737:chemistry*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D007214:Indonesia; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000032:analysis; D010758:Phosphorus / Q000032:analysis; D045483:Rivers / Q000737:chemistry*; D054712:Salinity; D013696:Temperature; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*
D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D010758:Phosphorus; D009584:Nitrogen
Eutrophication; Flow modelling; Jakarta Bay; Nitrogen; Phosphorus; River discharges