Screening of Indian Lingzhi or Reishi Medicinal Mushroom, Ganoderma lucidum (Agaricomycetes): A UPC2-SQD-MS Approach.
Oriental medicinal mushroom Ganoderma lucidum has been widely used for the promotion of health and longevity owing to its various bioactive constituents. Therefore, comprehending metabolomics of different G. lucidum parts could be of paramount importance for investigating their pharmacological properties. Ultra-performance convergence chromatography (UPC2) along with mass spectrometry (MS) is an emerging technique that has not yet been applied for metabolite profiling of G. lucidum. This study has been undertaken to establish metabolomics of the aqueous extracts of mycelium (GLM), fruiting body (GLF), and their mixture (GLMF) using ultra-performance convergence chromatography single quadrupole mass spectrometry (UPC2-SQD-MS). Aqueous extracts of G. lucidum prepared using an accelerated solvent extraction technique have been characterized for their mycochemical activities in terms of total flavonoid content, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl scavenging activity, and ferric ion reducing antioxidant power. The UPC2-SQD-MS technique has been used for the first time for metabolite profiling of G. lucidum on a Princeton Diol column (4.6 × 250 mm; 5 µm) using supercritical CO2 (solvent) and 20 mM ammonium acetate in methanol (co-solvent). In the present study, UPC2-SQD-MS was found to be a rapid, efficient, and high-throughput analytical technique, whose coupling to principal component analysis (PCA) and phytochemical evaluation could be used as a powerful tool for elucidating metabolite diversity between mycelium and fruiting body of G. lucidum. PCA showed a clear distinction in the metabolite compositions of the samples. Mycochemical studies revealed that overall GLF possessed better antioxidant properties among the aqueous extracts of G. lucidum.
Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, DRDO, Timarpur, Delhi, India.
Anuja
A
Bhardwaj
Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, DRDO, Timarpur, Delhi, India.
Mousami
M
Srivastava
Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, DRDO, Timarpur, Delhi, India.
Mamta
M
Pal
Waters (India) Pvt. Ltd., Bangalore, India.
Yogesh Kumar
YK
Sharma
Waters (India) Pvt. Ltd., Bangalore, India.
Saikat
S
Bhattacharya
Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, DRDO, Timarpur, Delhi, India.
Rajkumar
R
Tulsawani
Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, DRDO, Timarpur, Delhi, India.
Ragumani
R
Sugadev
Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, DRDO, Timarpur, Delhi, India.
Kshipra
K
Misra
D000975:Antioxidants / Q000032:analysis; D001688:Biological Products / Q000032:analysis*; D002457:Cell Extracts / Q000737:chemistry; D002845:Chromatography / Q000379:methods; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000032:analysis; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000032:analysis; D048690:Fruiting Bodies, Fungal / Q000737:chemistry; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000379:methods*; D013058:Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods; D055432:Metabolomics / Q000379:methods*; D025282:Mycelium / Q000737:chemistry; D020940:Reishi / Q000737:chemistry*
D000975:Antioxidants; D001688:Biological Products; D002457:Cell Extracts; D005419:Flavonoids; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers