Spread of carbapenem-resistant international clones of Acinetobacter baumannii in Turkey and Azerbaijan: a collaborative study.
Epidemic clones of Acinetobacter baumannii, described as European clones I, II, and III, are associated with hospital epidemics throughout the world. We aimed to determine the molecular characteristics and genetic diversity between European clones I, II, and III from Turkey and Azerbaijan. In this study, a total of 112 bloodstream isolates of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter spp. were collected from 11 hospitals across Turkey and Azerbaijan. The identification of Acinetobacter spp. using conventional and sensitivity tests was performed by standard criteria. Multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to detect OXA carbapenemase-encoding genes (bla OXA-23-like, bla OXA-24-like, bla OXA-51-like, and bla OXA-58-like). Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) typing was used to investigate genetic diversity. The bla OXA-51-like gene was present in all 112 isolates, 75 (67 %) carried bla OXA-23-like, 7 (6.2 %) carried bla OXA-58-like genes, and 5 (4.5 %) carried bla OXA-24-like genes. With a 90 % similarity cut-off value, 15 clones and eight unique isolates were identified. The largest clone was cluster D, with six subtypes. Isolates from clusters D and I were widely spread in seven different geographical regions throughout Turkey. However, F cluster was found in the northern and eastern regions of Turkey. EU clone I was grouped within J cluster with three isolates found in Antalya, Istanbul, and Erzurum. EU clone II was grouped in the U cluster with 15 isolates and found in Kayseri and Diyarbakır. The bla OXA-24-like gene in carbapenemases was identified rarely in Turkey and has been reported for the first time from Azerbaijan. Furthermore, this is the first multicenter study in Turkey and Azerbaijan to identify several major clusters belonging to European clones I and II of A. baumannii.
Faculty of Infectious Diseases, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey. biosheffield@gmail.com.|Genome and Stem Cell Center, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey. biosheffield@gmail.com.
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Ahmed
Faculty of Infectious Diseases, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey.
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Alp
Faculty of Infectious Diseases, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey.
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Ulu-Kilic
Faculty of Infectious Diseases, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey.|Dep. of Medical Microbiology, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey.
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Dinc
Dep. of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Aktas
Dep. Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Ege Univerisity, Izmir, Turkey.
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Ada
Dep. of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Azerbaijan Medical University, Baku, Azerbaijan.
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Bagirova
Dep. of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara teaching hospital, Ankara, Turkey.
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Baran
Dep. of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey.
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Ersoy
Dep. of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey.
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Esen
Dep. of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Cokurva University, Adana, Turkey.
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Guven
Dep. of Medical Microbiology, Radboud UMC, Nijmegen, Netherlands.
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Hopman
Dep. of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Trabzon Teaching hospital, Trabzon, Turkey.
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Hosoglu
Dep. of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Cokurva University, Adana, Turkey.
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Koksal
Dep. of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey.
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Parlak
Dep. of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey.
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Yalcin
Dep. of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey.
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Yilmaz
Dep. of Medical Microbiology, Radboud UMC, Nijmegen, Netherlands.
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Voss
Dep. of Medical Microbiology, Radboud UMC, Nijmegen, Netherlands.
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Melchers
D000151:Acinetobacter Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology*; D040981:Acinetobacter baumannii / Q000145:classification / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001382:Azerbaijan / Q000453:epidemiology; D015780:Carbapenems / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D003428:Cross Infection / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology; D016521:Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field; D014644:Genetic Variation; D005838:Genotype; D006761:Hospitals; D006801:Humans; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D017720:Molecular Epidemiology; D058889:Molecular Typing; D060885:Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction; D014421:Turkey / Q000453:epidemiology; D018440:beta-Lactam Resistance; D001618:beta-Lactamases / Q000235:genetics
D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D015780:Carbapenems; D001618:beta-Lactamases