Setting Priorities for Monitoring and Managing Non-native Plants: Toward a Practical Approach.
Land managers face the challenge to set priorities in monitoring and managing non-native plant species, as resources are limited and not all non-natives become invasive. Existing frameworks that have been proposed to rank non-native species require extensive information on their distribution, abundance, and impact. This information is difficult to obtain and often not available for many species and regions. National watch or priority lists are helpful, but it is questionable whether they provide sufficient information for environmental management on a regional scale. We therefore propose a decision tree that ranks species based on more simple albeit robust information, but still provides reliable management recommendations. To test the decision tree, we collected and evaluated distribution data from non-native plants in highland grasslands of Southern Brazil. We compared the results with a national list from the Brazilian Invasive Species Database for the state to discuss advantages and disadvantages of the different approaches on a regional scale. Out of 38 non-native species found, only four were also present on the national list. If management would solely rely on this list, many species that were identified as spreading based on the decision tree would go unnoticed. With the suggested scheme, it is possible to assign species to active management, to monitoring, or further evaluation. While national lists are certainly important, management on a regional scale should employ additional tools that adequately consider the actual risk of non-natives to become invasive.
Restoration Ecology, Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Management, Technische Universität München, Emil-Ramann-Straße 6, 85354, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany. c.koch85@gmx.de.|Department of Botany, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. c.koch85@gmx.de.
Christiane
C
Koch
Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), Müggelseedamm 310, 12587, Berlin, Germany.|Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Straße 1-3, 14195, Berlin, Germany.|Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Altensteinstraße 34, 14195, Berlin, Germany.
Jonathan M
JM
Jeschke
Department of Botany, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
Gerhard E
GE
Overbeck
Restoration Ecology, Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Management, Technische Universität München, Emil-Ramann-Straße 6, 85354, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany.
Johannes
J
Kollmann
D001938:Brazil; D003247:Conservation of Natural Resources / Q000379:methods*; D016208:Databases, Factual; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D065948:Grassland; D058865:Introduced Species; D006109:Poaceae / Q000254:growth & development*; D018570:Risk Assessment
Categorization; Decision tree; Distribution; Grassland; Management; Non-native species