The effects of phosphatidic acid supplementation on strength, body composition, muscular endurance, power, agility, and vertical jump in resistance trained men.
BACKGROUND
Phosphatidic acid (PA) is a lipid messenger that has been shown to increase muscle protein synthesis via signaling stimulation of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). MaxxTOR® (MT) is a supplement that contains PA as the main active ingredient but also contains other synergistic mTOR signaling substances including L-Leucine, Beta-Hydroxy-Beta-Methylbutyrate (HMB), and Vitamin D3.


METHODS
Eighteen healthy strength-trained males were randomly assigned to a group that either consumed MT (n = 8, 22.0 +/- 2.5 years; 175.8 +/- 11.5 cm; 80.3 +/- 15.1 kg) or a placebo (PLA) (n = 10, 25.6 +/- 4.2 years; 174.8 +/- 9.0 cm; 88.6 +/- 16.6 kg) as part of a double-blind, placebo controlled pre/post experimental design. All participants volunteered to complete the three day per week resistance training protocol for the eight week study duration. To determine the effects of MT, participants were tested on one repetition maximum (1RM) leg press strength (LP), 1RM bench press strength (BP), push-ups to failure (PU), vertical jump (VJ), pro-agility shuttle time (AG), peak power output (P), lean body mass (LBM), fat mass (FM), and thigh muscle mass (TMM). Subjects were placed and monitored on an isocaloric diet consisting of 25 protein, 50 carbohydrates, and 25 % fat by a registered dietitian. Separate two-way mixed factorial repeated measures ANOVA's (time [Pre, Post] x group [MT and PLA] were used to investigate strength, body composition, and other performance changes. Post-hoc tests were applied as appropriate. Analysis were performed via SPSS with significance at (p ≤ 0.05).


RESULTS
There was a significant main effect (F(1,16) = 33.30, p < 0.001) for LBM where MT significantly increased LBM when compared to the PLA group (p < 0.001). Additionally, there was a significant main effect for LP (F(1,16) = 666.74, p < 0.001) and BP (F(1,16) = 126.36, p < 0.001) where both increased significantly more in MT than PLA group (p < 0.001). No significant differences between MT and PLA were noted for FM, TMM, VJ, AG, P, or PU.


CONCLUSIONS
The results of this eight week trial suggest that the addition of MaxxTOR® to a 3-day per week resistance training program can positively impact LBM and strength beyond the results found with exercise alone.
California State University- San Bernardino, 5500 University Parkway, San Bernardino, CA 92407 USA.
Guillermo
G
Escalante
California State University- Long Beach, 1250 Bellflower Boulevard, Long Beach, CA 90840 USA.
Michelle
M
Alencar
California State University- San Bernardino, 5500 University Parkway, San Bernardino, CA 92407 USA.
Bryan
B
Haddock
Max Muscle Sports Nutrition, 210 West Taft Avenue, Orange, CA 92865 USA ; University of Phoenix, San Diego Campus, 9645 Granite Ridge Drive, San Diego, CA 92123 USA.
Phillip
P
Harvey
D000328:Adult; D015308:Anaerobic Threshold / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D001823:Body Composition / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005526:Food, Formulated; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D053580:Muscle Strength / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000502:physiology; D010712:Phosphatidic Acids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010807:Physical Endurance / Q000187:drug effects*; D055070:Resistance Training; D064133:Sports Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014891:Weight Lifting
D010712:Phosphatidic Acids; D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases
Fat mass; Hypertrophy; Lean body mass; Muscle protein synthesis; Phospholipid