Synthesis, characterization, and in-vitro cytocompatibility of amorphous β-tri-calcium magnesium phosphate ceramics.
Biphasic mixtures of crystalline β-tricalcium magnesium phosphate (β-TCMP) and an amorphous calcium magnesium phosphate have been synthesized and reported to support enhanced hMSC differentiation in comparison to β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) due to the release of increased amounts of bioactive ions. In the current study, completely amorphous β-TCMP has been synthesized which is capable of releasing increased amounts of Mg(2+) and PO4(3-) ions, rather than a biphasic mixture as earlier reported. The amorphous phase formed was observed to crystallize between temperatures of 400-600°C. The scaffolds prepared with amorphous β-TCMP were capable of supporting enhanced hMSC proliferation and differentiation in comparison to commercially available β-TCP. However, a similar gene expression of mature osteoblast markers, OCN and COL-1, in comparison to biphasic β-TCMP was observed. To further study the role of Mg(2+) and PO4(3-) ions in regulating hMSC osteogenic differentiation, the capability of hMSCs to mineralize in growth media supplemented with Mg(2+) and PO4(3-) ions was studied. Interestingly, 5mM PO4(3-) supported mineralization while the addition of 5mM Mg(2+) to 5mM PO4(3-) inhibited mineralization. It was therefore concluded that the release of Ca(2+) ions from β-TCMP scaffolds also plays a role in regulating osteogenic differentiation on these scaffolds and it is noted that further work is required to more accurately determine the exact role of Mg(2+) in regulating hMSC osteogenic differentiation.
Department of Chemical & Petroleum Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA. Electronic address: sss42@pitt.edu.
Satish S
SS
Singh
Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA. Electronic address: abr20@pitt.edu.
Abhijit
A
Roy
Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA. Electronic address: bol11@pitt.edu.
Boeun
B
Lee
Department of Chemical & Petroleum Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.
Ipsita
I
Banerjee
Department of Chemical & Petroleum Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA. Electronic address: pkumta@pitt.edu.
Prashant N
PN
Kumta
D002130:Calcium Phosphates / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D017616:Magnesium Compounds / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D008422:Materials Testing; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000187:drug effects*; D010710:Phosphates / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology
D002130:Calcium Phosphates; D017616:Magnesium Compounds; D010710:Phosphates; C485817:beta-tricalcium phosphate; C030781:magnesium phosphate; C018392:tricalcium phosphate
Amorphous calcium phosphate; Osteogenic differentiation; hMSC