Effect of electrocardiogram interference on cortico-cortical connectivity analysis and a possible solution.
Electroencephalogram (EEG) signals are often contaminated by the electrocardiogram (ECG) interference, which affects quantitative characterization of EEG.



We propose null-coherence, a frequency-based approach, to attenuate the ECG interference in EEG using simultaneously recorded ECG as a reference signal. After validating the proposed approach using numerically simulated data, we apply this approach to EEG recorded from six newborns receiving therapeutic hypothermia for neonatal encephalopathy. We compare our approach with an independent component analysis (ICA), a previously proposed approach to attenuate ECG artifacts in the EEG signal. The power spectrum and the cortico-cortical connectivity of the ECG attenuated EEG was compared against the power spectrum and the cortico-cortical connectivity of the raw EEG.



The null-coherence approach attenuated the ECG contamination without leaving any residual of the ECG in the EEG.



We show that the null-coherence approach performs better than ICA in attenuating the ECG contamination without enhancing cortico-cortical connectivity.



Our analysis suggests that using ICA to remove ECG contamination from the EEG suffers from redistribution problems, whereas the null-coherence approach does not. We show that both the null-coherence and ICA approaches attenuate the ECG contamination. However, the EEG obtained after ICA cleaning displayed higher cortico-cortical connectivity compared with that obtained using the null-coherence approach. This suggests that null-coherence is superior to ICA in attenuating the ECG interference in EEG for cortico-cortical connectivity analysis.
Division of Fetal and Transitional Medicine, Fetal Medicine Institute, Children's National Health System, 111 Michigan Ave., NW, Washington, DC 20010, USA. Electronic address: rgovinda@childrensnational.org.
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RB
Govindan
Division of Fetal and Transitional Medicine, Fetal Medicine Institute, Children's National Health System, 111 Michigan Ave., NW, Washington, DC 20010, USA.
Srinivas
S
Kota
Division of Fetal and Transitional Medicine, Fetal Medicine Institute, Children's National Health System, 111 Michigan Ave., NW, Washington, DC 20010, USA.
Tareq
T
Al-Shargabi
Division of Neonatology, Children's National - 111 Michigan Ave., NW, Washington, DC 20010, USA.
An N
AN
Massaro
Division of Neurology, Children's National - 111 Michigan Ave., NW, Washington, DC 20010, USA.
Taeun
T
Chang
Division of Fetal and Transitional Medicine, Fetal Medicine Institute, Children's National Health System, 111 Michigan Ave., NW, Washington, DC 20010, USA.
Adre
A
du Plessis
D016477:Artifacts; D001927:Brain Diseases / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000502:physiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D003198:Computer Simulation; D004562:Electrocardiography; D004569:Electroencephalography / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007036:Hypothermia, Induced; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D009434:Neural Pathways / Q000502:physiology / Q000503:physiopathology
Coherence; Cortico-cortical connectivity; Electrocardiogram; Electroencephalogram; Independent component analysis; Transfer function