On-cartridge derivatisation using a calixarene solid-phase extraction sorbent for facile, sensitive and fast determination of formaldehyde in beer.
This work demonstrates the successful application of an on-cartridge derivatisation procedure for facile, fast and sensitive determination of formaldehyde in beer by HPLC-UV. The derivatisation and solid-phase extraction (SPE) were integrated into a novel calixarene SPE sorbent: tetraazacalix[2]arene[2]triazine bonded silica gel. Specifically, 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine was adsorbed onto the sorbent in advance, based on the charge-transfer interaction between the macrocyclic molecule and nitrobenzenes. The method was optimised and validated: under the optimal conditions of derivatisation, SPE and HPLC separation, good linearity was obtained in the range of 0.080-3.2μgmL(-1) with a correlation coefficient of 0.9939, the limit of detection was 3.0ngmL(-1) (S/N=3), the limit of quantification was 10ngmL(-1) (S/N=10), and the recovery level using this method was desirable at 75-84%. The developed method was successfully applied to determine formaldehyde content in real beer samples; the results were in the range of 0.11-1.1μgmL(-1).
College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China.
Zhifen
Z
Deng
Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450008, PR China.
Kai
K
Hu
College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China.
Yongming
Y
Zhang
Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China. Electronic address: wjiezh@126.com.
Wenjie
W
Zhao
College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China.
Fei
F
Wang
College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China.
Ling
L
Guo
College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China.
Wenfen
W
Zhang
Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China.
Juan
J
He
Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450008, PR China.
Yanjie
Y
Huang
College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China. Electronic address: zsszz@126.com.
Shusheng
S
Zhang
D001515:Beer / Q000032:analysis*; D047250:Calixarenes / Q000737:chemistry*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D005557:Formaldehyde / Q000032:analysis*; D052616:Solid Phase Extraction / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D013997:Time Factors
D047250:Calixarenes; D005557:Formaldehyde
2,4-Dinitrophenylhydrazine; 2,4-Dinitrophenylhydrazine (PubChem CID: 3772977); Acetonitrile (PubChem CID: 6342); Ammonia hydroxide (PubChem CID: 14923); Beer; Derivatisation; Dichloromethane (PubChem CID: 6344); Formaldehyde; Formaldehyde (PubChem CID: 712); Methanol (PubChem CID: 887); Phosphoric acid (PubChem CID: 1004); Solid-phase extraction; Tetraazacalix[2]arene[2]triazine sorbent