Diastolic Abnormalities Detected by Velocity Vector Imaging in the Presence of Coronary Ischemia: A Pilot Stress Echocardiographic Study.
BACKGROUND
The ischemic cascade has long been known to begin with diastolic dysfunction before detectable systolic abnormalities. The advent of speckle-tracking imaging and velocity vector imaging (VVI) has provided accurate and reproducible interpretation of systolic abnormalities in numerous disease processes; however, this imaging tool has been only recently been proposed for detecting diastolic abnormalities.


METHODS
We analyzed pre and poststress echocardiography images of ten patients using VVI. We calculated normalized strain time (NST) as the duration strain was at least 90% of the measured peak and subtracted pre and poststress NST to calculate prolongation of NST as a sign of diastolic dysfunction. These intervals were measured from left ventricular longitudinal cine images obtained from two and 4-chamber in five patients not only with a positive stress echocardiographic response but also anatomy confirmed by coronary angiography. They were then compared to five patients without coronary artery disease (CAD).


RESULTS
Differences in pre and poststress NST measured in the apical 4-chamber view were greater in CAD patients than without (40 ± 16 vs. 12 ± 19; P = 0.04).


CONCLUSIONS
Significant diastolic abnormalities were detected using a semi-automated VVI analysis in the poststress recovery period. A prospective study is now required in a larger number of patients to correlate the development of diastolic strain abnormalities with extent and location of CAD.
Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
Brian Edward
BE
Miller
Department of Cardiovascular Health and Disease, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
Angel
A
López-Candales
Diastolic dysfunction; echocardiography; ischemic memory; left ventricular function; strain