The association of ideal cardiovascular health with incident type 2 diabetes mellitus: the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis.
Levels of ideal cardiovascular health (ICH) and incident type 2 diabetes mellitus have not been examined in a multiethnic population. We assessed the total and race/ethnicity-specific incidence of diabetes based on American Heart Association (AHA) ICH components.



Incident diabetes was assessed among 5341 participants in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis without prevalent diabetes between 2002 and 2012. ICH components (total cholesterol, BP, dietary intake, tobacco use, physical activity and BMI) were assessed at baseline and participants were categorised as having ideal, intermediate or poor cardiovascular health, as defined by the AHA 2020 impact goals. We developed a scoring system based on the number of ICH components (0-1 'poor', 2-3 'intermediate', and ≥4 'ideal'). HRs were calculated using Cox models.



During a median follow-up of 11.1 years, we identified 587 cases of incident diabetes. After multivariable adjustment, participants with 2-3 and ≥4 ICH components vs 0-1 components had a 34% lower (HR 0.66; 95% CI 0.54, 0.80) and a 75% lower (HR 0.25; 95% CI 0.18, 0.35) diabetes incidence, respectively. There were significant differences by race/ethnicity: African-American and Hispanic-American participants with ≥4 ICH components had diabetes incidence rates per 1000 person-years of 5.6 (95% CI 3.1, 10.1) and 10.5 (95% CI 6.7, 16.4), respectively, compared with 2.2 (95% CI 1.3, 3.7) among non-Hispanic white Americans.



Meeting an increasing number of AHA 2020 impact goals for dietary intake, physical activity, smoking, BP, cholesterol and BMI was associated with a dose-dependent lower risk of diabetes with significant variation by race/ethnicity.
Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1830 E. Monument St, Suite 333, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA.
Joshua J
JJ
Joseph
Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.|Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Justin B
JB
Echouffo-Tcheugui
Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
Mercedes R
MR
Carnethon
Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
Alain G
AG
Bertoni
Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
Christina M
CM
Shay
Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Heart Disease, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Haitham M
HM
Ahmed
Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Heart Disease, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Roger S
RS
Blumenthal
Department of Medicine, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA.
Mary
M
Cushman
Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1830 E. Monument St, Suite 333, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA. sahill@jhmi.edu.
Sherita H
SH
Golden
D050154:Adiposity / Q000502:physiology; D001741:Black or African American / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002319:Cardiovascular System / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D006630:Hispanic or Latino / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000503:physiopathology; D064424:Tobacco Use; D044465:White People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data
D002784:Cholesterol
Adiposity; Blood pressure; Cholesterol; Diabetes; Dietary intake; Glucose; Ideal cardiovascular health; Physical activity; Race/ethnicity; Smoking