The effect of high protein diet and exercise on irisin, eNOS, and iNOS expressions in kidney.
Long-term effects of high protein diets (HPDs) on kidneys are still not sufficiently studied. Irisin which increases oxygen consumption and thermogenesis in white fat cells was shown in skeletal muscles and many tissues. Nitric oxide synthases (NOS) are a family of enzymes catalyzing the production of nitric oxide (NO) from L-arginine. We aimed to investigate the effects of HPD, irisin and NO expression in kidney and relation of them with exercise and among themselves. Animals were grouped as control, exercise, HPD and exercise combined with HPD (exercise-HPD). Rats were kept on a HPD for 5 weeks and an exercise program was given them as 5 exercise and 2 rest days per week exercising on a treadmill with increasing speed and angle. In our study, while HPD group had similar total antioxidant capacity (TAC) levels with control group, exercise and exercise-HPD groups had lower levels (p < 0.05). Kidneys of exercising rats had no change in irisin or eNOS expression but their iNOS expression had increased (p < 0.001). HPD-E group has not been observed to cause kidney damage and not have a significant effect on rat kidney irisin, eNOS, or iNOS expression. Localization of irisin, eNOS, and iNOS staining in kidney is highly selective and quite clear in this study. Effects of exercise and HPD on kidney should be evaluated with different exercise protocols and contents of the diet. İrisin, eNOS, and iNOS staining localizations should be supported with various research studies.
a Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine , Trakya University , Edirne , Turkey ;
Ebru
E
Tastekin
b Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine , Trakya University , Edirne , Turkey ;
Orkide
O
Palabiyik
c Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine , Trakya University , Edirne , Turkey ;
Enis
E
Ulucam
d Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine , Trakya University , Edirne , Turkey ;
Selda
S
Uzgur
e Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine , Trakya University , Edirne , Turkey.
Aziz
A
Karaca
e Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine , Trakya University , Edirne , Turkey.
Selma Arzu
SA
Vardar
c Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine , Trakya University , Edirne , Turkey ;
Ali
A
Yilmaz
e Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine , Trakya University , Edirne , Turkey.
Nurettin
N
Aydogdu
D000818:Animals; D004032:Diet / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005353:Fibronectins / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000378:metabolism*; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III / Q000378:metabolism*; D010805:Physical Conditioning, Animal / Q000009:adverse effects*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
D004044:Dietary Proteins; C583676:FNDC5 protein, rat; D005353:Fibronectins; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III; C496318:Nos2 protein, rat; C496316:Nos3 protein, rat
Exercise; eNOS; high protein diet; iNOS; irisin; nitric oxide