Innate immune memory in plants.
The plant innate immune system comprises local and systemic immune responses. Systemic plant immunity develops after foliar infection by microbial pathogens, upon root colonization by certain microbes, or in response to physical injury. The systemic plant immune response to localized foliar infection is associated with elevated levels of pattern-recognition receptors, accumulation of dormant signaling enzymes, and alterations in chromatin state. Together, these systemic responses provide a memory to the initial infection by priming the remote leaves for enhanced defense and immunity to reinfection. The plant innate immune system thus builds immunological memory by utilizing mechanisms and components that are similar to those employed in the trained innate immune response of jawed vertebrates. Therefore, there seems to be conservation, or convergence, in the evolution of innate immune memory in plants and vertebrates.
Department of Plant Physiology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen 52056, Germany. Electronic address: reimer-michalski@bio3.rwth-aachen.de.
Eva-Maria
EM
Reimer-Michalski
Department of Plant Physiology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen 52056, Germany. Electronic address: uwe.conrath@bio3.rwth-aachen.de.
Uwe
U
Conrath
D000818:Animals; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000276:immunology*; D003517:Cyclopentanes / Q000378:metabolism; D019175:DNA Methylation; D005030:Ethylenes / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D007156:Immunologic Memory; D054883:Oxylipins / Q000378:metabolism; D010875:Pipecolic Acids / Q000378:metabolism; D057865:Plant Immunity; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology; D010944:Plants / Q000276:immunology*; D051192:Receptors, Pattern Recognition / Q000378:metabolism; D020156:Salicylic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction
D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; D003517:Cyclopentanes; D005030:Ethylenes; C105496:NPR1 protein, Arabidopsis; D054883:Oxylipins; D010875:Pipecolic Acids; D051192:Receptors, Pattern Recognition; C011006:jasmonic acid; C036216:ethylene; C031345:pipecolic acid; D020156:Salicylic Acid
Defense priming; Epigenetic memory; Plant innate immunity; Systemic plant immunity