Reliability of the German version of the Children's Assessment of Participation and Enjoyment (CAPE) and Preferences for Activities of Children (PAC).
The introduction of the International Classification of Functioning, Disabilities and Health of the World Health Organization in 2001 made social participation a major rehabilitation outcome and the ultimate goal of rehabilitation services. There is no available instrument to measure the youth participation in leisure activities apart from asking the youth themselves. The goal of this study was to present a German version of the Children's Assessment of Participation and Enjoyment and Preferences for Activities of Children (CAPE/PAC).



The CAPE/PAC questionnaire was translated into German, a cultural adaptation process was designed and a reliability study was conducted. One hundred and fifty-two youths with and without disabilities, with a mean age of 15.2 years (standard deviation 1.7), participated in the study. The participants completed CAPE and PAC twice within 4 weeks. Reliability was examined by intraclass correlation coefficients, standard error of measurement, smallest detectable change and Cronbach's alpha.



The absolute values of participation differ between the typically developed youth group and those with impairments; the reliability of the CAPE/PAC is comparable in both groups. Intraclass correlation coefficients ranged from 0.43 to 0.74 for the CAPE and from 0.71 to 0.83 for the PAC in all participants. The alpha values for internal consistency ranged from 0.42 to 0.82 for the CAPE and from 0.65 to 0.92 for the PAC.



The German version of the PAC showed satisfactory reliability; however, reliability was not satisfactory for all scores of the CAPE, but comparable with versions in other languages. The need for newly developed participation measurements requires further discussion.
Institute of Medical Sociology, Medical Faculty, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany.
A
A
Fink
Faculty of Business and Social Sciences, University of Applied Sciences Nordhausen, Nordhausen, Germany.
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B
Gebhard
University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany.
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Erdwiens
University of Applied Sciences Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
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L
Haddenhorst
West Saxon University of Applied Sciences of Zwickau, Zwickau, Germany.
S
S
Nowak
D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002908:Chronic Disease; D019988:Children with Disabilities / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D017144:Focus Groups; D005858:Germany; D006801:Humans; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D007899:Leisure Activities / Q000523:psychology*; D008297:Male; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D058992:Social Participation; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014175:Translating
CAPE/PAC; measurement; participation; physical disability; reliability; youth