CXCL10 Is a Circulating Inflammatory Marker in Patients with Advanced Heart Failure: a Pilot Study.
Chemokines are involved in the remodeling of the heart; however, their significance as biomarkers in heart failure is unknown. We observed that circulating CXCR3 receptor chemokines CXCL9 and CXCL10 in a rat model of heart failure were increased 1 week after myocardial infarction. CXCL10 was also increased in both remote and infarcted regions of the heart and remained elevated at 16 weeks; CXCL9 was elevated in the remote area at 1 week. In humans, hierarchical clustering and principal component analysis revealed that circulating CXCL10, MIP-1α, and CD40 ligand were the best indicators for differentiating healthy and heart failure subjects. Serum CXCL10 levels were increased in patients with symptomatic heart failure as indexed by NYHA classification II through IV. The presence of CXCL10, MIP-1α, and CD40 ligand appears to be dominant in patients with advanced heart failure. These findings identify a distinct profile of inflammatory mediators in heart failure patients.
Department of Pharmacology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands. raltara@umc.edu.|Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State St., Jackson, MS, 39216-4505, USA. raltara@umc.edu.
Raffaele
R
Altara
DG-DI, Medical Applications, CERN, Geneva, Switzerland.
Marco
M
Manca
Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
Marleen H
MH
Hessel
Studies Coordinating Centre, Research Unit Hypertension, Leuven, Belgium.|Cardiovascular Epidemiology, KU Leuven Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
Yumei
Y
Gu
Department of Cardiology, Thoraxcenter, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
Laura C
LC
van Vark
Department of Cardiology, Thoraxcenter, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
K Martijn
KM
Akkerhuis
Studies Coordinating Centre, Research Unit Hypertension, Leuven, Belgium.|Cardiovascular Epidemiology, KU Leuven Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
Jan A
JA
Staessen
Department of Pharmacology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
Harry A J
HA
Struijker-Boudier
Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State St., Jackson, MS, 39216-4505, USA.
George W
GW
Booz
Department of Pharmacology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
W Matthijs
WM
Blankesteijn
D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D023201:CD40 Ligand / Q000097:blood; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D054405:Chemokine CCL3 / Q000097:blood; D054357:Chemokine CXCL10 / Q000097:blood*; D054370:Chemokine CXCL9 / Q000097:blood; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000276:immunology; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D054367:Receptors, CXCR3 / Q000097:blood; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013997:Time Factors; D015854:Up-Regulation
D015415:Biomarkers; C515429:CCL3 protein, human; C114753:CXCL10 protein, human; C505723:CXCL9 protein, rat; D054405:Chemokine CCL3; D054357:Chemokine CXCL10; D054370:Chemokine CXCL9; C091326:Cxcl10 protein, rat; C515189:Cxcr3 protein, rat; D054367:Receptors, CXCR3; D023201:CD40 Ligand
CXCR3; Chemokines; Immune response; Inflammation