Ecotoxicological impact of two soil remediation treatments in Lactuca sativa seeds.
Pharmaceuticals have been identified as environmental emerging pollutants and are present in different compartments, including soils. Chemical remediation showed to be a good and suitable approach for soil remediation, though the knowledge in their impact for terrestrial organisms is still limited. Therefore, in this work, two different chemical remediation treatments (Fenton oxidation and nanoremediation) were applied to a soil contaminated with an environmental representative concentration of ibuprofen (3 ng g(-1)). The phytotoxic impact of a traditional soil remediation treatment (Fenton oxidation) and of a new and more sustainable approach for soil remediation (nanoremediation using green nano-scale zero-valent iron nanoparticles (nZVIs)) was evaluated in Lactuca sativa seeds. Percentage of seed germination, root elongation, shoot length and leaf length were considered as endpoints to assess the possible acute phytotoxicity of the soil remediation treatments as well as of the ibuprofen contaminated soil. Both chemical remediation treatments showed to have a negative impact in the germination and development of lettuce seeds, exhibiting a reduction up to 45% in the percentage of seed germination and a decrease around 80% in root elongation comparatively to the contaminated soil. These results indicate that chemical soil remediation treatments could be more prejudicial for terrestrial organisms than contaminated soils.
REQUIMTE/LAQV/Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal.
Diana
D
Rede
REQUIMTE/LAQV/Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal.
Lúcia H M L M
LHMLM
Santos
CEAUL, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal and LEMA, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal.
Sandra
S
Ramos
Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; CIMAR/CIIMAR - Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Universidade do Porto, Rua dos Bragas, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal.
Filipe
F
Oliva-Teles
Equilibrium, Laboratório de Controlo de Qualidade e de Processo, Lda., Praceta João Villaret, n.º 183, 4460-337 Senhora da Hora, Portugal.
Cristina
C
Antão
REQUIMTE/LAQV/Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Laboratório de Biomateriais, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
Susana R
SR
Sousa
REQUIMTE/LAQV/Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal.
Cristina
C
Delerue-Matos
D054750:Ecotoxicology; D004787:Environmental Pollution; D052918:Environmental Restoration and Remediation / Q000379:methods*; D018525:Germination / Q000187:drug effects; D007501:Iron / Q000737:chemistry; D018545:Lactuca / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development*; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development*; D012639:Seeds / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development*; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*
D012987:Soil; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D007501:Iron
Fenton oxidation; Green nZVIs; Lactuca sativa; Phytotoxicity; Soil remediation