Is it possible to stop follow-up of patients with primary T1G3 urothelial carcinoma of the bladder managed with intravesical bacille Calmette-Guérin immunotherapy?
BACKGROUND
Recurrence and progression of T1 grade 3 (T1G3) urothelial bladder carcinomas (UBCs) treated with bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) are common events, but the long-term follow-up of the disease remains controversial.


OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the long-term outcomes of BCG intravesical therapy in relation to disease recurrence and progression in primary T1G3 UBCs and upper tract disease.


METHODS
A single-institution, retrospective, population-based analysis of 316 patients with primary T1G3 UBC treated with transurethral resection (TUR) and BCG induction intravesical instillations was performed. Response was determined and monitored by routine periodic urine cytology, cystoscopy, and upper tract imaging.


RESULTS
The median follow-up was 70 months (maximum 210 months). Among all of the tumours, 49.4 % did not relapse, 48.7 % recurred in the bladder during the first 5 years of surveillance, and only 6 patients (1.9 %) recurred after being free of disease during the first 5 years of follow-up. Nineteen percentage of the UBCs progressed to stage T2, and only 2 patients (1.2 %) progressed after the first 5 years of surveillance. An upper urinary tract recurrence was detected in 9.2 % of the patients; 65.5 % were diagnosed within the upper urinary tract during the first 5 years of follow-up.


CONCLUSIONS
Following a 5-year tumour-free period, there is minimal risk of recurrence and progression in T1G3 UBCs treated with TUR and BCG induction intravesical instillations. This finding supports a less intensive and potentially less invasive surveillance scheme of bladder follow-up and upper urinary tract imaging in patients without any recurrence.
Universidade Jaguelônica, Golebia 24, 31-007, Kraków, Poland.
Thomasz
T
Golabek
Fundacio Puigvert, Cartagena 340, 08025, Barcelona, Spain. jpalou@fundacio-puigvert.es.
Joan
J
Palou
Fundacio Puigvert, Cartagena 340, 08025, Barcelona, Spain.
Oscar
O
Rodríguez
Fundacio Puigvert, Cartagena 340, 08025, Barcelona, Spain.
Josep Maria
JM
Gaya
Fundacio Puigvert, Cartagena 340, 08025, Barcelona, Spain.
Alberto
A
Breda
Fundacio Puigvert, Cartagena 340, 08025, Barcelona, Spain.
Humberto
H
Villavicencio
D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000283:Administration, Intravesical; D000368:Aged; D001500:BCG Vaccine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002295:Carcinoma, Transitional Cell / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007167:Immunotherapy; D008297:Male; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery
D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D001500:BCG Vaccine
Bacille Calmette–Guérin; Bladder cancer; Disease recurrence; Progression; T1G3; Upper urinary tract