Effects of inhomogeneity on triglyceride digestion of emulsions using an in vitro digestion model (Tiny TIM).
The colloidal behaviour and extent of lipolysis of various emulsions stabilized by whey protein and Tween were studied using the TNO Intestinal Model (TIM) extended with a purposely designed gastric compartment. The in vitro results suggest that creaming of a fatty layer in the gastric region causes a delay in fat entering the small intestinal region, delays and reduces the free fatty acid content in the small intestinal lumen and delays fat absorption. It was shown that controlling the pH with pig gastric juice instead of simulated gastric juice delayed creaming of the emulsions significantly, which resulted in faster gastric lipolysis. However, because the digestive conditions are not adjusted by physiological regulation mechanisms such as the regulation of gastric emptying by the detection of nutrients in the small intestine, care must be taken to translate these results to the in vivo reality. It is expected that the differences between the systems will be tempered by the physiological feedback regulation mechanisms of digestion.
NIZO Food Research, P.O. Box 20, 6710 BA Ede, The Netherlands. Lex.Oosterveld@NIZO.com and Top Institute Food and Nutrition, P.O. Box 557, 6700 AN Wageningen, The Netherlands.
Alexander
A
Oosterveld
TNO, P.O. Box 360, 3700 AJ Zeist, The Netherlands and Top Institute Food and Nutrition, P.O. Box 557, 6700 AN Wageningen, The Netherlands.
Mans
M
Minekus
NIZO Food Research, P.O. Box 20, 6710 BA Ede, The Netherlands. Lex.Oosterveld@NIZO.com and Top Institute Food and Nutrition, P.O. Box 557, 6700 AN Wageningen, The Netherlands.
Esther
E
Bomhof
NIZO Food Research, P.O. Box 20, 6710 BA Ede, The Netherlands. Lex.Oosterveld@NIZO.com and Top Institute Food and Nutrition, P.O. Box 557, 6700 AN Wageningen, The Netherlands.
Franklin D
FD
Zoet
NIZO Food Research, P.O. Box 20, 6710 BA Ede, The Netherlands. Lex.Oosterveld@NIZO.com and Top Institute Food and Nutrition, P.O. Box 557, 6700 AN Wageningen, The Netherlands.
George A
GA
van Aken
D000818:Animals; D004063:Digestion; D004655:Emulsions; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified / Q000378:metabolism; D005746:Gastric Emptying / Q000187:drug effects; D005750:Gastric Juice / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007421:Intestine, Small / Q000378:metabolism; D008066:Lipolysis / Q000187:drug effects; D023421:Models, Animal; D008954:Models, Biological; D013552:Swine; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000378:metabolism*; D000067816:Whey Proteins / Q000378:metabolism
D004655:Emulsions; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; D014280:Triglycerides; D000067816:Whey Proteins