Empathic Responses to Mother's Emotions Predict Internalizing Problems in Children of Depressed Mothers.
Recent theories posit that empathy, typically an adaptive characteristic, may be associated with internalizing problems when children are chronically exposed to mother's depression. We tested this postulation in a sample of children (N = 82, Mage= 5 years). Children witnessed their mothers express sadness, anger, and happiness during a simulated phone conversation, and researchers rated children's negative affective empathy, positive affective empathy, and information-seeking (cognitive empathy) in response to their mother's emotions. The chronicity of mother's depression during the child's lifetime moderated associations between children's empathy and internalizing problems. As predicted, all three empathy measures were related to greater mother-rated internalizing problems in children of chronically (i.e., 2-3 years) depressed mothers. Greater positive empathy was related to lower internalizing problems in children of nondepressed mothers. Positive empathy may contribute to adaptive processes when mothers are not depressed, and positive, negative, and cognitive empathy may contribute to maladaptive processes when mothers are chronically depressed.
Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, P. O. Box 5010, Atlanta, GA, 30302-5010, USA. etully2@gsu.edu.|Department of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA. etully2@gsu.edu.
Erin C
EC
Tully
Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, P. O. Box 5010, Atlanta, GA, 30302-5010, USA.
Meghan Rose
MR
Donohue
D000328:Adult; D000786:Anger; D002648:Child; D002657:Child Development; D003674:Defense Mechanisms; D003863:Depression / Q000523:psychology*; D056348:Emotional Intelligence; D004645:Empathy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D008297:Male; D009034:Mother-Child Relations / Q000523:psychology*; D009035:Mothers / Q000523:psychology*; D012917:Social Adjustment; D012951:Socialization
Emotional development; Empathy; Guilt; Internalizing problems; Maternal depression