Organophilic treatments of bentonite increase the adsorption of aflatoxin B1 and protect stem cells against cellular damage.
Bentonite clays exhibit high adsorptive capacity for contaminants, including aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), a mycotoxin responsible for causing severe toxicity in several species including pigs, poultry and man. Organophilic treatments is known to increase the adsorption capacity of bentonites, and the primary aim of this study was to evaluate the ability of Brazilian bentonite and two organic salts - benzalkonium chloride (BAC) and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) to adsorb AFB1. For this end, 2(2) factorial designs were used in order to analyze if BAC or CTAB was able to increase AFB1 adsorption when submitted in different temperature and concentration. Both BAC and CTAB treatment (at 30°C and 2% of salt concentration) were found to increase the adsorption of AFB1 significantly compared with untreated bentonite. After organophilic bentonite treatments with BAC or CTAB, a vibration of CH stretch (2850 and 2920cm(-1)) were detected. A frequency of the SiO stretch (1020 and 1090cm(-1)) was changed by intercalation of organic cation. Furthermore, the interlayer spacing of bentonite increases to 1.23nm (d001 reflection at 2θ=7.16) and 1.22 (d001 reflection at 2θ=7.22) after the addition of BAC and CTAB, respectively. Another aim of the study was to observe the effects of these two bentonite salts in neural crest stem cell cultures. The two materials that were created by organophilic treatments were not found to be toxic to stem cells. Furthermore the results indicate that the two materials tested may protect the neural crest stem cells against damage caused by AFB1.
Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
Janaína
J
Nones
Department of Cell Biology, Embryology and Genetics, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil. Electronic address: jadernones@gmail.com.
Jader
J
Nones
Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
Anicleto
A
Poli
Department of Cell Biology, Embryology and Genetics, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
Andrea Gonçalves
AG
Trentin
Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
Humberto Gracher
HG
Riella
Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
Nivaldo Cabral
NC
Kuhnen
D000327:Adsorption; D016604:Aflatoxin B1 / Q000633:toxicity*; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D001546:Bentonite / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001548:Benzalkonium Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D002412:Cations; D000077286:Cetrimonium; D002593:Cetrimonium Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D019610:Cytoprotection / Q000187:drug effects*; D009930:Organic Chemicals / Q000737:chemistry*; D011784:Quail; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects; D013696:Temperature; D014732:Vibration; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction
D001548:Benzalkonium Compounds; D002412:Cations; D002593:Cetrimonium Compounds; D009930:Organic Chemicals; D001546:Bentonite; D016604:Aflatoxin B1; D000077286:Cetrimonium
Adsorption; Aflatoxin B(1); Bentonite; Cellular survival; Organo-clay; Stem cells; Surfactant