Human behaviours in evacuation crowd dynamics: From modelling to "big data" toward crisis management.
This paper proposes an essay concerning the understanding of human behaviours and crisis management of crowds in extreme situations, such as evacuation through complex venues. The first part focuses on the understanding of the main features of the crowd viewed as a living, hence complex system. The main concepts are subsequently addressed, in the second part, to a critical analysis of mathematical models suitable to capture them, as far as it is possible. Then, the third part focuses on the use, toward safety problems, of a model derived by the methods of the mathematical kinetic theory and theoretical tools of evolutionary game theory. It is shown how this model can depict critical situations and how these can be managed with the aim of minimizing the risk of catastrophic events.
Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Mathematical Sciences, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy. Electronic address: nicola.bellomo@polito.it.
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Bellomo
Crowd Dynamics International, 3a Toft Rd, Knutsford, Cheshire, WA16 0PE, UK. Electronic address: dom.clarke@crowddynamics.com.
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Clarke
Department of Mathematical Sciences, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy. Electronic address: livio.gibelli@polito.it.
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Gibelli
Crowd Dynamics International, 3a Toft Rd, Knutsford, Cheshire, WA16 0PE, UK. Electronic address: Paul.Townsend@crowddynamics.com.
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Townsend
HKV Consultants, Botter 11-29, 8232 JN Lelystad, The Netherlands. Electronic address: vreugdenhil@hkv.nl.
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Vreugdenhil
D001519:Behavior; D003441:Crowding; D005716:Game Theory; D006801:Humans; D048088:Informatics / Q000379:methods*; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D013315:Stress, Psychological
Complexity; Crowd dynamics; Decision making; Human behaviour; Kinetic theory; Stress propagation