Making patient values visible in healthcare: a systematic review of tools to assess patient treatment priorities and preferences in the context of multimorbidity.
To identify studies of existing instruments available for clinicians to record overall patient preferences and priorities for care, suitable for use in routine primary care practice in patients with multimorbidity. To examine the data for all identified tools with respect to validity, acceptability and effect on health outcomes.



Systematic Review.



MEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane databases, each with a predefined search strategy.



Citations were included if they reported a tool used to record patient priorities or preferences for treatment, and quantitative or qualitative results following administration of the tool.



Our search identified 189 potential studies of which 6 original studies and 2 discussion papers were included after screening for relevance. 5 of 6 studies (83%) were of cross-sectional design and of moderate quality. All studies reported on the usability of a tool in order to elicit patient preferences. No studies reported on changes to patient-specific healthcare outcomes as a consequence of recording preferences and priorities. 1 of 6 studies reported on eliciting patient preference in the context of multimorbidity. No studies incorporated patient preferences into an electronic medical record.



Given the importance of eliciting patient priorities and preferences in providing patient-centred care in the context of multimorbidity and polypharmacy, we found surprisingly few relevant tools. Some aspects of the tools used for single-disease contexts may also be useful in the context of multimorbidity. There is an urgent need to develop ways to make patient priorities explicitly visible in the clinical record and medical decision-making and to test the effect on patient-relevant outcomes.
Department of Family Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada Department of General Practice, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand.
Dee
D
Mangin
Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
Gaibrie
G
Stephen
Queens University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.
Verdah
V
Bismah
Department of Family Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
Cathy
C
Risdon
D000066491:Clinical Decision-Making / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D000076322:Multimorbidity; D057240:Patient Preference; D018802:Patient-Centered Care / Q000458:organization & administration*; D010817:Physician-Patient Relations; D019338:Polypharmacy
GERIATRIC MEDICINE; PRIMARY CARE; REHABILITATION MEDICINE