Removal of phosphate using iron oxide nanoparticles synthesized by eucalyptus leaf extract in the presence of CTAB surfactant.
This study investigated the use of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) as a stabilizer in green synthesis to improve the reactivity of iron oxide nanoparticles (IONP). Results show that efficiency in removing phosphate increased from 71.0% to 97.3%. To understand how to improve the reactivity of IONP by CTAB: firstly, characterizations of IONP before and after phosphate removal by SEM, EDS, FTIR, XPS show the adsorption of P onto the IONP; secondly, batch experiments indicate that the adsorption capacity of phosphate increased when temperature or initial phosphate concentration increased and decreased with an increase in both adsorbent dose and pH. Adsorption followed the pseudo-second-order kinetics model and the equilibrium data fitted well to the Langmuir isotherm. Thermodynamic data confirmed the spontaneous and endothermic nature of the adsorption process. Finally, it was proposed that the adsorption of phosphate using CTAB-modified IONP was mainly associated with inner-sphere complexing mechanism and electrostatic attraction.
School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, Fujian Province, China.
Dan
D
Cao
School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, Fujian Province, China.
Xiaoying
X
Jin
School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, Fujian Province, China.
Li
L
Gan
School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, Fujian Province, China.
Ting
T
Wang
School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, Fujian Province, China; Global Centre for Environmental Remediation, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia. Electronic address: zuliang.chen@newcastle.edu.au.
Zuliang
Z
Chen
D000327:Adsorption; D000077286:Cetrimonium; D002593:Cetrimonium Compounds / Q000737:chemistry*; D005052:Eucalyptus; D005290:Ferric Compounds / Q000737:chemistry*; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007700:Kinetics; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry; D010710:Phosphates / Q000737:chemistry*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry; D013501:Surface-Active Agents / Q000737:chemistry*; D013696:Temperature; D013816:Thermodynamics; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000737:chemistry
D002593:Cetrimonium Compounds; D005290:Ferric Compounds; D010710:Phosphates; D010936:Plant Extracts; D013501:Surface-Active Agents; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C000499:ferric oxide; D000077286:Cetrimonium
Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide; Green synthesis; Iron oxide nanoparticles; Mechanism; Phosphate