Microdialysis and proteomics of subcutaneous interstitial fluid reveals increased galectin-1 in type 2 diabetes patients.
To identify a potential therapeutic target for type 2 diabetes by comparing the subcutaneous interstitial fluid from type 2 diabetes patients and healthy men.



Proteomics was performed on the interstitial fluid of subcutaneous adipose tissue obtained by microdialysis from 7 type 2 diabetes patients and 8 healthy participants. 851 proteins were detected, of which 36 (including galectin-1) showed significantly altered expression in type 2 diabetes. We also measured galectin-1 expression in: (1) adipocytes isolated from adipose tissue biopsies from these participants; (2) subcutaneous adipose tissue of 24 obese participants before, during and after 16weeks on a very low calorie diet (VLCD); and (3) adipocytes isolated from 6 healthy young participants after 4weeks on a diet and lifestyle intervention to promote weight gain. We also determined the effect of galectin-1 on glucose uptake in human adipose tissue.



Galectin-1 protein levels were elevated in subcutaneous dialysates from type 2 diabetes compared with healthy controls (p<0.05). In agreement, galectin-1 mRNA expression was increased in adipocytes from the type 2 diabetes patients (p<0.05). Furthermore, galectin-1 mRNA expression was decreased in adipose tissue after VLCD (p<0.05) and increased by overfeeding (p<0.05). Co-incubation of isolated human adipocytes with galectin-1 reduced glucose uptake (p<0.05) but this was independent of the insulin signal.



Proteomics of the interstitial fluid in subcutaneous adipose tissue in vivo identified a novel adipokine, galectin-1, with a potential role in the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes.
Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Wallenberg Laboratory, Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden. Electronic address: emanuel.fryk@vgregion.se.
Emanuel
E
Fryk
Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Wallenberg Laboratory, Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden. Electronic address: jeannacperman@gmail.com.
Jeanna Perman
JP
Sundelin
Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Wallenberg Laboratory, Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden. Electronic address: lena.strindberg@medic.gu.se.
Lena
L
Strindberg
Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Sweden. Electronic address: maria.pereira@medsci.uu.se.
Maria J
MJ
Pereira
Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Italy. Electronic address: massimo.federici@comune.sp.it.
Massimo
M
Federici
Division of Cardiology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Germany. Electronic address: nmarx@ukaachen.de.
Nikolaus
N
Marx
Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linkoping University, Linkoping, Sweden. Electronic address: fredrik.h.nystrom@gmail.com.
Fredrik H
FH
Nyström
Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany. Electronic address: Martin.Schmelz@medma.uni-heidelberg.de.
Martin
M
Schmelz
Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Wallenberg Laboratory, Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden. Electronic address: per-arne.svensson@medic.gu.se.
Per-Arne
PA
Svensson
Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Sweden. Electronic address: jan.eriksson@medsci.uu.se.
Jan W
JW
Eriksson
Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Wallenberg Laboratory, Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden. Electronic address: jan.boren@wlab.gu.se.
Jan
J
Borén
Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Wallenberg Laboratory, Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden. Electronic address: per-anders.jansson@medic.gu.se.
Per-Anders
PA
Jansson
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D045604:Extracellular Fluid / Q000737:chemistry*; D037483:Galectin 1 / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D040901:Proteomics
D037483:Galectin 1
Adipose tissue; Galectin-1; Microdialysis; Obesity; Proteomics