Accurate self-correction of errors in long reads using de Bruijn graphs.
New long read sequencing technologies, like PacBio SMRT and Oxford NanoPore, can produce sequencing reads up to 50 000 bp long but with an error rate of at least 15%. Reducing the error rate is necessary for subsequent utilization of the reads in, e.g. de novo genome assembly. The error correction problem has been tackled either by aligning the long reads against each other or by a hybrid approach that uses the more accurate short reads produced by second generation sequencing technologies to correct the long reads.



We present an error correction method that uses long reads only. The method consists of two phases: first, we use an iterative alignment-free correction method based on de Bruijn graphs with increasing length of k -mers, and second, the corrected reads are further polished using long-distance dependencies that are found using multiple alignments. According to our experiments, the proposed method is the most accurate one relying on long reads only for read sets with high coverage. Furthermore, when the coverage of the read set is at least 75×, the throughput of the new method is at least 20% higher.



LoRMA is freely available at http://www.cs.helsinki.fi/u/lmsalmel/LoRMA/ .



leena.salmela@cs.helsinki.fi.
Helsinki Institute for Information Technology HIIT, Department of Computer Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Leena
L
Salmela
Helsinki Institute for Information Technology HIIT, Department of Computer Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Riku
R
Walve
LIRMM and Institut de Biologie Computationelle, CNRS and Université Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
Eric
E
Rivals
Helsinki Institute for Information Technology HIIT, Department of Computer Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Esko
E
Ukkonen
D000465:Algorithms; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000235:genetics; D016678:Genome; D059014:High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing / Q000379:methods; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000235:genetics; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA / Q000379:methods*; D012984:Software