Refractoriness to pharmacological treatment for tics: A multicentre European audit.
Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, The National Hospital of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom.
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A
Macerollo
International Parkinson's Centre of Excellence, King's College and King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill Campus, London, United Kingdom; Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woolwich, Lewisham & Greenwich NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom. Electronic address: davide_martino@hotmail.it.
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D
Martino
Department of Neuropsychiatry, BSMHFT and University of Birmingham, United Kingdom.
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AE
Cavanna
Section of Child Neuropsichiatry, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Pediatriche, Catania University, Catania, Italy.
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M
Gulisano
Centre de Référence National Maladie Rare: Syndrome Gilles de la Tourette, Département de Neurologie, Pôle des Maladies du Système Nerveux, France.
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A
Hartmann
Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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PJ
Hoekstra
TANDeM Clinic-Evelina London Children's Hospital at Guys and St. Thomas', Kings Health Partners AHSC, London, United Kingdom.
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T
Hedderly
Pediatric Department, Glostrup University Hospital, Glostrup, Denmark.
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Debes
Clinic of Psychiatry, Socialpsychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Street 1, D-30625 Hannover, Germany.
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K
Muller-Vahl
Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine 4, (INM 4), Forschungszentrum, Jülich, Jülich, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, RWTH Aachen University, JARA-BRAIN - Translational Medicine, Germany.
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I
Neuner
Departments of Neurosurgery and Neurology, IRCCS Galeazzi, Milan, Italy.
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M
Porta
Department of Neuropsychiatry, BSMHFT and University of Birmingham, United Kingdom.
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H
Rickards
Section of Child Neuropsichiatry, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Pediatriche, Catania University, Catania, Italy.
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R
Rizzo
Department of Psychology, University of Rome, La Sapienza, Rome, Italy.
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F
Cardona
Klinik und Poliklinikfür Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie und -psychotherapie, TechnischeUniversität Dresden, Germany.
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Roessner
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002491:Central Nervous System Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002648:Child; D019468:Disease Management; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004351:Drug Resistance; D005060:Europe; D006801:Humans; D055118:Medication Adherence; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D062606:Tertiary Care Centers; D013981:Tic Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D020323:Tics / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D017211:Treatment Failure; D055815:Young Adult
D002491:Central Nervous System Agents
Antipsychotics; Tic refractoriness; Tourette syndrome