High-risk behaviors while driving: A population-based study from Iran.
Traffic injuries are becoming one of the most important challenges of public health systems. Because these injuries are mostly preventable, the aim of this study is to evaluate the four main high-risk behaviors while driving.



This cross-sectional study was conducted on a random sample from the population of Mashhad, Iran, in 2014. A checklist and a previously validated questionnaire for the transtheoretical stages of change model (TTM) were used for data collection. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS 11.5 software with P <.05 statistically significant.



Totally 431 individuals were included with a mean age of 30 ± 11.3 years. Forty-three percent (183) were male. The TTM model revealed that participants were mostly in pre-actional phases regarding not using a cell phone while driving (80%), fastening the driver's seat belt (66%), front seat belt (68%), and rear seat belt (85%) The penalty was a protective factor only for using cellphone (odd ratio [OR] = 0.82, 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.68-0.98). Lower education (OR = 0.12, 95% CI, 0.01-0.94) and male gender (OR = 0.35, 95% CI, 0.14-0.83) were indicative of lower rates of fastening the front and rear seat belts.



The stages of change model among study participants is a proper reflection of the effectiveness of the current policies. More serious actions regarding these high-risk behaviors should be considered in legislation.
a Department of Community Medicine and Public Health , Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences , Mashhad , Iran.
Majid
M
Khadem-Rezaiyan
b Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences , Mashhad , Iran.
Seyed Reza
SR
Moallem
a Department of Community Medicine and Public Health , Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences , Mashhad , Iran.
Veda
V
Vakili
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001334:Automobile Driving / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D040421:Cell Phone; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007492:Iran / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D016017:Odds Ratio; D012107:Research Design; D012309:Risk-Taking; D012622:Seat Belts / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014947:Wounds and Injuries / Q000517:prevention & control*; D055815:Young Adult
Driving; high-risk behavior; seat belt; transtheoretical model