Ginkgo biloba and vitamin E ameliorate haloperidol-induced vacuous chewingmovement and brain-derived neurotrophic factor expression in a rat tardive dyskinesia model.
Neurodegeneration may be involved in the development of tardive dyskinesia (TD), and low levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) may play a role. Ginkgo biloba (EGb761), a potent antioxidant, may have neuroprotective effects. We hypothesized that there would be decreased BDNF expression in TD, but that treatment with EGb761 would increase BDNF expression and reduce TD manifestations in a rat model. Forty rats were treated with haloperidol (2mg/kg/day via intraperitoneal injections) for 5weeks. EGb761 (50mg/kg/day) and vitamin E (20mg/kg/day) were then administered by oral gavage for another 5weeks, and we compared the effects of treatment with EGb761 or vitamin E on haloperidol-induced vacuous chewing movements (VCMs) and BDNF expression in four brain regions: prefrontal cortex (PFC), striatum (ST), substantia nigra (SNR), and globus pallidus (GP). Our results showed that haloperidol administration led to a progressive increase in VCMs, but both EGb761 and vitamin E significantly decreased VCMs. Haloperidol also decreased BDNF expression in all four brain regions, but both EGb761 and vitamin E administration significantly increased BDNF expression. Our results showed that both EGb761 and VE treatments exerted similar positive effects in a rat model of TD and increased BDNF expression levels in the four tested brain regions, suggesting that both EGb761 and vitamin E improve TD symptoms, possibly by enhancing BDNF in the brain and/or via their free radical-scavenging actions.
Psychiatry Research Center, Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China.
Jing
J
Shi
Psychiatry Research Center, Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China.
Yun Long
YL
Tan
Psychiatry Research Center, Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China.
Zhi Ren
ZR
Wang
Psychiatry Research Center, Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China.
Hui Mei
HM
An
Psychiatry Research Center, Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China.
Jia
J
Li
Psychiatry Research Center, Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China.
Yue Chan
YC
Wang
Department of Chinese Integrative Medicine, Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China.
Meng Han
MH
Lv
Department of Chinese Integrative Medicine, Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China.
Shao Xiao
SX
Yan
School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health, The University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.
Jing Qin
JQ
Wu
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
Jair C
JC
Soares
Psychiatry Research Center, Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China. Electronic address: yangfd200@126.com.
Fu De
FD
Yang
Psychiatry Research Center, Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China; Department of Chinese Integrative Medicine, Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA. Electronic address: xiang.y.zhang@uth.tmc.edu.
Xiang Yang
XY
Zhang
D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019208:Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor / Q000032:analysis*; D003342:Corpus Striatum / Q000737:chemistry; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D020441:Ginkgo biloba; D006220:Haloperidol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D008409:Mastication / Q000187:drug effects*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013378:Substantia Nigra / Q000737:chemistry; D000071057:Tardive Dyskinesia / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D014810:Vitamin E / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000096983:Ginkgo Extract
D000975:Antioxidants; D019208:Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; D006220:Haloperidol; D010936:Plant Extracts; D014810:Vitamin E; C063170:Ginkgo biloba extract; D000096983:Ginkgo Extract
BDNF; Extract of Ginkgo biloba; Tardive dyskinesia; Vacuous chewing movements