Magnetic Tissue Engineering for Voice Rehabilitation - First Steps in a Promising Field.
OBJECTIVE
The voice is one of the most important instruments of communication between humans. It is the product of intact and well-working vocal folds. A defect of these structures causes dysphonia, associated with a clear reduction of quality of life. Tissue engineering of the vocal folds utilizing magnetic cell levitation after nanoparticle loading might be a technique to overcome this challenging problem.


METHODS
Vocal fold fibroblasts (VFFs) were isolated from rabbit larynges and cultured. For magnetization, cells were incubated with superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPION) and the loading efficiency was determined by Prussian blue staining. Biocompatibility was analyzed in flow cytometry by staining with annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate propidium iodide, 1,1',3,3,3',3'-hexamethylindodicarbo-cyanine iodide [DiIC1(5)] and propidium idodide-Triton X-100 to monitor phosphatidylserine exposure, plasma membrane integrity, mitochondrial membrane potential and DNA degradation.


RESULTS
Isolated VFFs can be successfully loaded with SPION, and optimal iron loading associated with minimized cytotoxicity represents a balancing act in magnetic tissue engineering.


CONCLUSIONS
Our data are a firm basis for the next steps of investigations. Magnetic tissue engineering using magnetic nanoparticle-loaded cells which form three-dimensional structures in a magnetic field will be a promising approach in the future.
Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Section of Phoniatrics and Pediatric Audiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Section of Experimental Oncology and Nanomedicine, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany stephan.duerr@uk-erlangen.de.
Stephan
S
Dürr
Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Section of Phoniatrics and Pediatric Audiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany.
Christopher
C
Bohr
Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Section of Experimental Oncology and Nanomedicine, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany.
Marina
M
Pöttler
Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Section of Experimental Oncology and Nanomedicine, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany.
Stefan
S
Lyer
Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Section of Experimental Oncology and Nanomedicine, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany.
Ralf Philipp
RP
Friedrich
Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Section of Experimental Oncology and Nanomedicine, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany.
Rainer
R
Tietze
Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Section of Phoniatrics and Pediatric Audiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany.
Michael
M
Döllinger
Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Section of Experimental Oncology and Nanomedicine, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany.
Christoph
C
Alexiou
Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Section of Experimental Oncology and Nanomedicine, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany.
Christina
C
Janko
D000818:Animals; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D005290:Ferric Compounds; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000502:physiology; D058185:Magnetite Nanoparticles; D011817:Rabbits; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000379:methods*; D014827:Vocal Cords / Q000166:cytology*; D014832:Voice Disorders / Q000534:rehabilitation*
D005290:Ferric Compounds; D058185:Magnetite Nanoparticles; C000499:ferric oxide
Vocal folds; superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles; tissue engineering