Challenges in Transgender Healthcare: The Pathology Perspective.
BACKGROUND
The transgender community is one of the most marginalized sections of our society. The literature is scarce regarding the pathology and laboratory medicine challenges associated with caring for transgender patients.


OBJECTIVE
To summarize the available gender-transitioning options and to discuss healthcare challenges, from a pathology/laboratory medicine perspective, in the care of transgender patients.


METHODS
We reviewed the current terminology and epidemiology relevant to the transgender population in preparing our analysis.


CONCLUSIONS
The main transgender healthcare challenges in pathology/laboratory medicine practice include the inflexibility of electronic medical records in documenting affirmed gender, unfamiliarity among medical and laboratory professional with the needs of and terminology related to the transgender population, lack of reference ranges for laboratory tests, unclear guidelines regarding gender classification for blood donation eligibility criteria, and paucity of experience in handling and interpreting surgical and cytologic specimens from gender-transitioning individuals. Directed efforts to overcome these shortcomings, coupled with a more welcoming posture, are essential to achieving the highest standards of care for the transgender population.
Department of Pathology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA.
Sarika
S
Gupta
Department of Family Medicine, Co-Director Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Queer and Questioning (LGBTQ) Clinic, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA.
Katherine L
KL
Imborek
Department of Pathology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA matthew-krasowski@uiowa.edu.
Matthew D
MD
Krasowski
D003695:Delivery of Health Care / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards*; D006801:Humans; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D059039:Standard of Care; D063106:Transgender Persons; D008297:Male; D005260:Female
clinical pathology; gender identity; healthcare disparities; sex reassignment procedures; transgender