The Emerging Role of Nanotechnology in Cell and Organ Transplantation.
Transplantation is often the only choice many patients have when suffering from end-stage organ failure. Although the quality of life improves after transplantation, challenges, such as organ shortages, necessary immunosuppression with associated complications, and chronic graft rejection, limit its wide clinical application. Nanotechnology has emerged in the past 2 decades as a field with the potential to satisfy clinical needs in the area of targeted and sustained drug delivery, noninvasive imaging, and tissue engineering. In this article, we provide an overview of popular nanotechnologies and a summary of the current and potential uses of nanotechnology in cell and organ transplantation.
1 Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX.2 Center for Biomimetic Medicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX.3 Immunology Research Center, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX.4 Center for Liver Disease and Transplantation, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX.
Ennio
E
Tasciotti
Fernando J
FJ
Cabrera
Michael
M
Evangelopoulos
Jonathan O
JO
Martinez
Usha R
UR
Thekkedath
Malgorzata
M
Kloc
Rafik M
RM
Ghobrial
Xian C
XC
Li
Alessandro
A
Grattoni
Mauro
M
Ferrari
D000818:Animals; D017690:Cell Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods* / Q000639:trends; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D004059:Diffusion of Innovation; D004337:Drug Carriers; D004339:Drug Compounding / Q000379:methods; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry; D057054:Molecular Imaging / Q000379:methods; D050997:Nanomedicine / Q000379:methods* / Q000639:trends; D053758:Nanoparticles; D016377:Organ Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods* / Q000639:trends; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D016896:Treatment Outcome
D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D004337:Drug Carriers; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents