Computer-generated real-time digital holography: first time use in clinical medical imaging.
OBJECTIVE
Assessment of the feasibility of creating real-time interactive 3D digital holograms in a standard catheterization laboratory. 3D medical images are typically displayed and interacted with on 2D screens limiting their usefulness. A digital computer-generated real-time holographic display of patient's 3D data could provide a spatially accurate image with all the depth cues and afford interaction within the image.


RESULTS
We performed a feasibility study of creating real-time interactive 3D digital holograms with a purpose-built prototype using intraprocedural data from 3D rotational angiography and live 3D transesophageal echocardiography. The primary objective was to demonstrate that all the anatomical landmarks identified on standard imaging can be similarly identified using dynamic and static holographic images. The secondary objective was to demonstrate the usability of interactions with the image. Parameters were assessed by a rating scale. Eight patients were enrolled of whom five underwent transcatheter ASD closure using 3DTEE and three patients were evaluated by 3D rotational angiography. In all cases dynamic real-time and static 3D holograms were created in standard cath lab conditions. Four individual observers identified all anatomical landmarks on the holographic display independently from the 2D display. Interactions with the hologram including marking, cropping and rotation were performed. There were no adverse events.


CONCLUSIONS
This study demonstrates, for the first time, the feasibility of generating high quality, clinically relevant, 3D real-time colour dynamic holograms in a standard clinical setting with real patient volumetric data. The impact of computer-generated holography needs to be evaluated in controlled clinical trials.
Section of Pediatric Cardiology, Schneider Children's Medical Center Israel, Petach Tikva, Israel Realview Medical Imaging, Yokneam, Israel elchananb@bezeqint.net.
Elchanan
E
Bruckheimer
Realview Medical Imaging, Yokneam, Israel Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technion, Haifa, Israel.
Carmel
C
Rotschild
Section of Pediatric Cardiology, Schneider Children's Medical Center Israel, Petach Tikva, Israel.
Tamir
T
Dagan
Section of Pediatric Cardiology, Schneider Children's Medical Center Israel, Petach Tikva, Israel.
Gabriel
G
Amir
Realview Medical Imaging, Yokneam, Israel.
Aviad
A
Kaufman
Realview Medical Imaging, Yokneam, Israel.
Shaul
S
Gelman
Section of Pediatric Cardiology, Schneider Children's Medical Center Israel, Petach Tikva, Israel.
Einat
E
Birk
D000293:Adolescent; D006328:Cardiac Catheterization / Q000379:methods*; D057791:Cardiac Imaging Techniques; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D019560:Echocardiography, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods*; D017548:Echocardiography, Transesophageal / Q000379:methods*; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000628:therapy; D006696:Holography; D006801:Humans; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted; D008297:Male; D061214:Patient Safety; D012494:Sampling Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
Echocardiography; Rotational angiography; Structural heart disease; Three dimensional