Haze is an important medium for the spread of rotavirus.
This study investigated whether the rotavirus infection rate in children is associated with temperature and air pollutants in Hangzhou, China. This study applied a distributed lag non-linear model (DLNM) to assess the effects of daily meteorological data and air pollutants on the rotavirus positive rate among outpatient children. There was a negative correlation between temperature and the rotavirus infection rate. The impact of temperature on the detection rate of rotavirus presented an evident lag effect, the temperature change shows the greatest impact on the detection rate of rotavirus approximate at lag one day, and the maximum relative risk (RR) was approximately 1.3. In 2015, the maximum cumulative RR due to the cumulative effect caused by the temperature drop was 2.5. Particulate matter (PM) 2.5 and PM10 were the primary air pollutants in Hangzhou. The highest RR of rotavirus infection occurred at lag 1-1.5 days after the increase in the concentration of these pollutants, and the RR increased gradually with the increase in concentration. Based on the average concentrations of PM2.5 of 53.9 μg/m(3) and PM10 of 80.6 μg/m(3) in Hangzhou in 2015, the cumulative RR caused by the cumulative effect was 2.5 and 2.2, respectively. The current study suggests that temperature is an important factor impacting the rotavirus infection rate of children in Hangzhou. Air pollutants significantly increased the risk of rotavirus infection, and dosage, lag and cumulative effects were observed.
Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Neonatal Diseases, The Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, PR China.
Qing
Q
Ye
Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Neonatal Diseases, The Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, PR China.
Jun-Feng
JF
Fu
Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Neonatal Diseases, The Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, PR China.
Jian-Hua
JH
Mao
Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Neonatal Diseases, The Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, PR China.
Hong-Qiang
HQ
Shen
Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Neonatal Diseases, The Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, PR China.
Xue-Jun
XJ
Chen
Clinical Laboratory, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Hangzhou, PR China.
Wen-Xia
WX
Shao
Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Neonatal Diseases, The Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, PR China. Electronic address: shangsq33@sina.com.
Shi-Qiang
SQ
Shang
Ningbo City Jiangbei District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, PR China.
Yi-Feng
YF
Wu
D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D002648:Child; D002681:China; D006801:Humans; D010316:Particle Size; D052638:Particulate Matter / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D012401:Rotavirus; D012400:Rotavirus Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000635:transmission*; D013696:Temperature; D013997:Time Factors
D000393:Air Pollutants; D052638:Particulate Matter
Air pollution; Association; PM2.5; Rotavirus; Temporal pattern