[ECTOPIC OSTEOGENESIS EVALUATION OF RECOMBINANT HUMAN BONE MORPHOGENETIC PROTEIN 2 LOADED CHITOSAN/DEXTRAN SULFATE BY MICRO-CT].
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the ectopic osteogenesis of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2 (rhBMP-2) loaded chitosan (CS)/dextran sulfate (DS) by micro-CT.


METHODS
rhBMP-2/CS/DS microspheres were prepared by the ionic crosslinking and its shape was observed under the scanning electron microscope. The release of rhBMP-2 was determined from resultant microspheres by ELISA assay. Forty-eight Sprague Dawley male rats were randomly divided into 4 groups (n = 12), quadriceps muscle bag model was made, gelatin sponge (group A), CS/DS microspheres (group B), rhBMP-2 (group C), and CS/DS/rhBMP-2 microspheres (group D) were implanted into the bags respectively. The tissue samples with heterotopic ossification were harvested for micro-CT scanning at 4, 8, 12, and 16 weeks. The tissue mineral density (TMD), bone volume fraction (BVF), trabecular thickness (Tb.Th), trabecular number (Tb.N), bone mineral density (BMD), and tissue mineral content (TMC) were measured.


RESULTS
The prepared rhBMP-2/CS/DS microspheres with smooth surfaces were spherical and evenly disperses without obvious agglomeration. At 2 hours, microsphere started a sudden release period in vitro; the release reached a peak at 2 days; and the release cycle lasted about 20 days. The rats survived to the end of the experiment. At each time point after operation, no radiation developed and no osteogenesis was observed by three dimensional reconstruction in groups A and B. However, radioactive strength and reconstructed bone tissue gradually increased in groups C and D, and group D had more radioautography and more bone tissues than group C. At each time point, TMD, BVF, Tb.Th, Tb.N, BMD, and TMC of groups A and B were zero. Ectopic bone formed with time, the other parameters showed an increasing trend except Tb.N in groups C and D, showing significant difference when compared with groups A and B at each time point (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference between groups C and D at 4 weeks (P > 0.05); the parameters of group D were significantly higher than those of group C at 8-16 weeks (P < 0.05).


CONCLUSIONS
rhBMP-2/CS/DS microspheres have stronger ability of ectopic bone formation than single rhBMP-2.
Yuanjun
Y
Xia
Xiang
X
Yu
Ying
Y
Zhang
Qingshui
Q
Yin
Hong
H
Xia
Xiaohui
X
Zheng
Huibin
H
Xie
Xianhua
X
Huang
D000818:Animals; D015519:Bone Density; D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2; D048271:Chitosan; D016264:Dextran Sulfate; D005780:Gelatin; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008863:Microspheres; D009999:Ossification, Heterotopic; D010012:Osteogenesis; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D055114:X-Ray Microtomography
D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; C480355:chitosan sulfate; C499469:recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2; D005780:Gelatin; D048271:Chitosan; D016264:Dextran Sulfate