Low Dietary c9t11-Conjugated Linoleic Acid Intake from Dairy Fat or Supplements Reduces Inflammation in Collagen-Induced Arthritis.
Dietary cis-9,trans-11 (c9t11) conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) fed at 0.5 % w/w was previously shown to attenuate inflammation in the murine collagen-induced (CA) arthritis model, and growing evidence implicates c9t11-CLA as a major anti-inflammatory component of dairy fat. To understand c9t11-CLA's contribution to dairy fat's anti-inflammatory action, the minimum amount of dietary c9t11-CLA needed to reduce inflammation must be determined. This study had two objectives: (1) determine the minimum dietary anti-inflammatory c9t11-CLA intake level in the CA model, and (2) compare this to anti-inflammatory effects of dairy fat (non-enriched, naturally c9t11-CLA-enriched, or c9t11-CLA-supplemented). Mice received the following dietary fat treatments (w/w) post arthritis onset: corn oil (6 % CO), 0.125, 0.25, 0.375, and 0.5 % c9t11-CLA, control butter (6 % CB), c9t11-enriched butter (6 % EB), or c9t11-CLA-supplemented butter (6 % SB, containing 0.2 % c9t11-CLA). Paw arthritic severity and pad swelling were scored and measured, respectively, over an 84-day study period. All c9t11-CLA and butter diets decreased the arthritic score (25-51 %, P < 0.01) and paw swelling (8-11 %, P < 0.01). Throughout the study, plasma tumor necrosis factor (TNFα) was elevated in CO-fed arthritic mice compared to non-arthritic (NA) mice but was reduced in 0.5 % c9t11-CLA- and EB-fed mice. Interleukin-1β and IL-6 were increased in arthritic CO-fed mice compared to NA mice but were reduced in 0.5 % c9t11-CLA- and EB-fed mice through day 42. In conclusion, 0.125 % c9t11-CLA reduced clinical arthritis as effectively as higher doses, and decreased arthritis in CB-fed mice suggested that the minimal anti-inflammatory levels of c9t11-CLA might be below 0.125 %.
Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA.
Shane M
SM
Huebner
Molecular and Environmental Toxicology Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA.
Jake M
JM
Olson
Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA.
James P
JP
Campbell
Department of Animal Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA.
Jeffrey W
JW
Bishop
Department of Computing and Biometry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA.
Peter M
PM
Crump
Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA. mcook@wisc.edu.|Molecular and Environmental Toxicology Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA. mcook@wisc.edu.|Department of Animal Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA. mcook@wisc.edu.
Mark E
ME
Cook
D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D001169:Arthritis, Experimental / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000276:immunology; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000032:analysis*; D019587:Dietary Supplements / Q000032:analysis; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000097:blood; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D044243:Linoleic Acids, Conjugated / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D051379:Mice; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood
D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D004041:Dietary Fats; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D015850:Interleukin-6; D044243:Linoleic Acids, Conjugated; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; C577686:interleukin-6, mouse; C046938:9,11-linoleic acid
Butter; Collagen-induced arthritis; Conjugated linoleic acid; Dairy fat; Inflammation