Neglected waterborne parasitic protozoa and their detection in water.
Outbreak incidents raise the question of whether the less frequent aetiological agents of outbreaks are really less frequent in water. Alternatively, waterborne transmission could be relevant, but the lack of attention and rapid, sensitive methods to recover and detect the exogenous stages in water may keep them under-recognized. High quality information on the prevalence and detection of less frequent waterborne protozoa, such as Cyclospora cayetanensis, Toxoplasma gondii, Isospora belli, Balantidium coli, Blastocystis hominis, Entamoeba histolytica and other free-living amoebae (FLA), are not available. This present paper discusses the detection tools applied for the water surveillance of the neglected waterborne protozoa mentioned above and provides future perspectives.
Qinghai Academy of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, China; National Public Health Center, National Directorate of Environmental Health, Environmental Health Testing Laboratory, Budapest, Hungary. Electronic address: plujud@yahoo.com.
Judit
J
Plutzer
Qinghai Academy of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, China.
Panagiotis
P
Karanis
D000818:Animals; D021744:Cyclospora; D004196:Disease Outbreaks; D006801:Humans; D010271:Parasites; D014867:Water / Q000469:parasitology*; D014871:Water Microbiology
D014867:Water
Detection; Neglected Parasites; Prevalence; Water; Waterborne