Three-dimensional echocardiography in the diagnosis of pacemaker lead perforation.
Recently, due to increases in the number of cardiac device implantations, especially implantable cardioverter-defibrillators and cardiac resynchronization therapy, device complications have been experienced more frequently. Myocardial perforation of an implanted lead is one of the most severe complications. We report a case of ventricular lead perforation clearly visualized by 3-dimensional echocardiography, which was not identified by 2-dimensional echocardiography.
Cardiovascular Division, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, 305-8575, Japan.
Akinori
A
Sugano
Cardiovascular Division, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, 305-8575, Japan. yo-seo@md.tsukuba.ac.jp.
Yoshihiro
Y
Seo
Cardiovascular Division, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, 305-8575, Japan.
Akiko
A
Atsumi
Cardiovascular Division, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, 305-8575, Japan.
Masayoshi
M
Yamamoto
Cardiovascular Division, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, 305-8575, Japan.
Tomoko
T
Machino-Ohtuska
Cardiovascular Division, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, 305-8575, Japan.
Ryo
R
Kawamura
Department of Clinical Laboratory, University of Tsukuba Hospital, Tsukuba, Japan.
Hideki
H
Nakajima
Cardiovascular Division, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, 305-8575, Japan.
Tomoko
T
Ishizu
Cardiovascular Division, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, 305-8575, Japan.
Kazutaka
K
Aonuma
Complication; Implantable cardiac device; Lead perforation; Three-dimensional echocardiography