Does psychotherapy work with school-aged youth? A meta-analytic examination of moderator variables that influence therapeutic outcomes.
The present study is a quantitative synthesis of the available literature to investigate the efficacy of psychotherapy for children's mental health outcomes. In particular, this study focuses on potential moderating variables-study design, treatment, client, and therapist characteristics-that may influence therapeutic outcomes for youth but have not been thoroughly accounted for in prior meta-analytic studies. An electronic search of relevant databases resulted in 190 unpublished and published studies that met criteria for inclusion in the analysis. Effect sizes differed by study design. Pre-post-test designs resulted in absolute magnitudes of treatment effects ranging from |-0.02| to |-0.76| while treatment versus control group comparison designs resulted in absolute magnitudes of treatment effects ranging from |-0.14| to |-2.39|. Changes in youth outcomes larger than 20% were found, irrespective of study design, for outcomes focused on psychosomatization (29% reduction), school attendance (25% increase), and stress (48% reduction). The magnitude of changes after psychotherapy ranged from 6% (externalizing problems) to 48% (stress). Several moderator variables significantly influenced psychotherapy treatment effect sizes, including frequency and length of treatment as well as treatment format. However, results did not support the superiority of a single type of intervention for most outcomes. Implications for therapy with school-aged youth and future research are discussed.
Department of Educational, School, and Counseling Psychology, University of Kentucky, United States. Electronic address: alicia.fedewa@uky.edu.
Alicia L
AL
Fedewa
Department of Educational and Psychological Studies, University of Miami, United States.
Soyeon
S
Ahn
Department of Educational, School, and Counseling Psychology, University of Kentucky, United States.
Robert J
RJ
Reese
Department of Educational and Psychological Studies, University of Miami, United States.
Marietta M
MM
Suarez
Department of Educational and Psychological Studies, University of Miami, United States.
Ahjane
A
Macquoid
Department of Educational, School, and Counseling Psychology, University of Kentucky, United States.
Matthew C
MC
Davis
Department of Educational, School, and Counseling Psychology, University of Kentucky, United States.
H Thompson
HT
Prout
D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D006801:Humans; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011613:Psychotherapy / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*
Child outcomes; Counseling; Mental health; Meta-analysis; Quantitative review; Therapy