Waterpipe tobacco smoking and its human health impacts.
Waterpipe tobacco smoking (WTS, also known as hookah, shisha, narghile, and many other names) involves passing tobacco smoke through water prior to inhalation by the consumer. As the number of waterpipe smokers is rising rapidly, there is growing concern over the use of WTS, particularly as there has been a widely held misconception that WTS is free from health hazards. In reality, it is associated with a variety of adverse health outcomes on both a short- and long-term basis. Hence, it is desirable to develop advanced techniques for surveillance, intervention, and regulatory/policy frameworks specific to the production and use of waterpipe tobacco. This review is written to survey the types and extent of pollutants released from its use and their potential health risks. A review of the present regulation guidelines is also included.
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: kkim61@hanyang.ac.kr.
Ki-Hyun
KH
Kim
Department of Farm, Power, and Machinery, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh.
Ehsanul
E
Kabir
BRAC Clinic, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Shamin Ara
SA
Jahan
D002319:Cardiovascular System / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000453:epidemiology; D010510:Periodontal Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000453:epidemiology; D011634:Public Health; D012137:Respiratory System / Q000187:drug effects; D000075387:Smoking Water Pipes; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000073867:Water Pipe Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects*
D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution
Health effects; Regulation guidelines; Toxicants; Waterpipe tobacco smoking