Global update on the susceptibility of human influenza viruses to neuraminidase inhibitors, 2014-2015.
The World Health Organization (WHO) Collaborating Centres for Reference and Research on Influenza (WHO CCs) tested 13,312 viruses collected by WHO recognized National Influenza Centres between May 2014 and May 2015 to determine 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) data for neuraminidase inhibitors (NAIs) oseltamivir, zanamivir, peramivir and laninamivir. Ninety-four per cent of the viruses tested by the WHO CCs were from three WHO regions: Western Pacific, the Americas and Europe. Approximately 0.5% (n = 68) of viruses showed either highly reduced inhibition (HRI) or reduced inhibition (RI) (n = 56) against at least one of the four NAIs. Of the twelve viruses with HRI, six were A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses, three were A(H3N2) viruses and three were B/Yamagata-lineage viruses. The overall frequency of viruses with RI or HRI by the NAIs was lower than that observed in 2013-14 (1.9%), but similar to the 2012-13 period (0.6%). Based on the current analysis, the NAIs remain an appropriate choice for the treatment and prophylaxis of influenza virus infections.
WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, VIDRL, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia; Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia. Electronic address: aeron.hurt@influenzacentre.org.
Aeron C
AC
Hurt
Global Influenza Programme, World Health Organization, Avenue Appia 20, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland.
Terry G
TG
Besselaar
The Francis Crick Institute, Worldwide Influenza Centre (WIC), Mill Hill Laboratory (formerly the WHO CC for Reference and Research on Influenza, MRC, National Institute for Medical Research), The Ridgeway, London NW7 1AA, UK.
Rod S
RS
Daniels
The Francis Crick Institute, Worldwide Influenza Centre (WIC), Mill Hill Laboratory (formerly the WHO CC for Reference and Research on Influenza, MRC, National Institute for Medical Research), The Ridgeway, London NW7 1AA, UK.
Burcu
B
Ermetal
WHO Collaborating Center for the Surveillance, Epidemiology and Control of Influenza, Centers for Diseases Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton RD NE, MS-G16, Atlanta, GA, United States.
Alicia
A
Fry
WHO Collaborating Center for the Surveillance, Epidemiology and Control of Influenza, Centers for Diseases Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton RD NE, MS-G16, Atlanta, GA, United States.
Larisa
L
Gubareva
WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Collaboration Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, China CDC, Beijing, China.
Weijuan
W
Huang
National Infection Service, Public Health England, London NW9 5HT, UK.
Angie
A
Lackenby
Bioinformatics Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, 30 Biopolis Street, #07-01, Matrix, Singapore 138671, Singapore.
Raphael T C
RT
Lee
Public Health Laboratory Centre, 382 Nam Cheong Street, Hong Kong, China.
Janice
J
Lo
Bioinformatics Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, 30 Biopolis Street, #07-01, Matrix, Singapore 138671, Singapore; School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore; National Public Health Laboratory, Ministry of Health, 3 Biopolis Drive, Synapse #05-14 to 16, Singapore 138623, Singapore.
Sebastian
S
Maurer-Stroh
WHO Collaborating Center for the Surveillance, Epidemiology and Control of Influenza, Centers for Diseases Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton RD NE, MS-G16, Atlanta, GA, United States.
Ha T
HT
Nguyen
Division of Communicable Diseases, Health Security, & Environment, World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe, UN City, Marmorvej 51, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
Dmitriy
D
Pereyaslov
Instituto Nacional de Saúde, Av. Padre Cruz, 1649-016 Lisboa, Portugal; Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal.
Helena
H
Rebelo-de-Andrade
National Influenza Center, Laboratorio de Virus Respiratorios- Oswaldo Cruz Institute/FIOCRUZ-Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Marilda M
MM
Siqueira
WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Gakuen 4-7-1, Musashimurayama, Tokyo 208-0011, Japan.
Emi
E
Takashita
WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Gakuen 4-7-1, Musashimurayama, Tokyo 208-0011, Japan.
Masato
M
Tashiro
WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, VIDRL, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia.
Danielle
D
Tilmanis
WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Collaboration Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, China CDC, Beijing, China.
Dayan
D
Wang
Global Influenza Programme, World Health Organization, Avenue Appia 20, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland.
Wenqing
W
Zhang
National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, PO Box 1, 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
Adam
A
Meijer
D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016208:Databases, Factual; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D024882:Drug Resistance, Viral; D014943:Global Health; D049674:History, 21st Century; D006801:Humans; D009980:Influenza A virus / Q000145:classification / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics; D007251:Influenza, Human / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000266:history / Q000821:virology*; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D009154:Mutation; D009439:Neuraminidase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000235:genetics; D011159:Population Surveillance; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000235:genetics; D014944:World Health Organization
D000998:Antiviral Agents; D014764:Viral Proteins; C487630:NA protein, influenza A virus; D009439:Neuraminidase
Antiviral resistance; Global analysis; Influenza virus; Neuraminidase inhibitors; Oseltamivir; Reduced susceptibility