Assessing Adherence to Antiretroviral Therapy in a Rural Paediatric Cohort in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.
Achieving optimal adherence to ARV's in a rural paediatric population is challenging. Monitoring adherence by frequent viral load assay is not always feasible or sustainable in rural communities. A relatively cheaper, reliable, valid and sustainable measure of adherence for children is required for routine management. This study retrospectively assessed adherence outcomes using monthly pill count and viral load data, including reasons reported for non-adherence, in a paediatric cohort in rural KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Between 2008 and 2013, 78 children, mean age of 7.1 years, were enrolled in the CAPRISA 052 AIDS Treatment Programme. Monthly treatment adherence by pill count was categorized as either high (≥95 %) or low (<95 %). Overall median monthly adherence to treatment by pill count was 87.8 % at month 6, 88.9 % at month 12 and 90.8 % at month 24. However, the proportion of children with an undetectable viral load (<400 copies/ml) was 84.0 % (63/74), 86.6 % (58/67), and 84.5 % (49/58) at the three time points respectively. Agreement between pill count and viral load showed that only 33.9, 36. 3 and 30.6 % of children were truly adherent by pill count at months 6, 12 and 24 respectively. In conclusion, this treatment programme demonstrated that adherence of >95 % by pill count is not an ideal indicator of virological suppression in children aged 6 months to 13 years. Viral load assessment remains the gold standard for assessing treatment success in this age group.
CAPRISA-Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, Durban, South Africa. Chanelle.smith@lifehealthcare.co.za.|MRC-CAPRISA HIV-TB Pathogenesis and Treatment Research Unit, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, Doris Duke Medical Research Institute (2nd floor), University of KwaZulu-Natal, 719 Umbilo Road, Private Bag X7, Congella, Durban, 4013, South Africa. Chanelle.smith@lifehealthcare.co.za.
Chanelle
C
Smith
CAPRISA-Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, Durban, South Africa.
Tanuja N
TN
Gengiah
CAPRISA-Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, Durban, South Africa.
Nonhlanhla
N
Yende-Zuma
CAPRISA-Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, Durban, South Africa.
Michele
M
Upfold
CAPRISA-Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, Durban, South Africa.|MRC-CAPRISA HIV-TB Pathogenesis and Treatment Research Unit, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, Doris Duke Medical Research Institute (2nd floor), University of KwaZulu-Natal, 719 Umbilo Road, Private Bag X7, Congella, Durban, 4013, South Africa.
Kogieleum
K
Naidoo
D000293:Adolescent; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015331:Cohort Studies; D016903:Drug Monitoring; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000821:virology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010349:Patient Compliance; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012424:Rural Population; D013019:South Africa / Q000453:epidemiology; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D019562:Viral Load
D019380:Anti-HIV Agents
ARVs; Adherence; Children; Paediatric; Rural