Recent advances in the preparation and application of monolithic capillary columns in separation science.
Novel column technologies involving various materials and efficient reactions have been investigated for the fabrication of monolithic capillary columns in the field of analytical chemistry. In addition to the development of these miniaturized systems, a variety of microscale separation applications have achieved noteworthy results, providing a stepping stone for new types of chromatographic columns with improved efficiency and selectivity. Three novel strategies for the preparation of capillary monoliths, including ionic liquid-based approaches, nanoparticle-based approaches and "click chemistry", are highlighted in this review. Furthermore, we present the employment of state-of-the-art capillary monolithic stationary phases for enantioseparation, solid-phase microextraction, mixed-mode separation and immobilized enzyme reactors. The review concludes with recommendations for future studies and improvements in this field of research.
Department of Analytical Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China; Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, 210009, China.
Tingting
T
Hong
Department of Analytical Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China; Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, 210009, China.
Xi
X
Yang
Department of Analytical Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China; Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, 210009, China.
Yujing
Y
Xu
Department of Analytical Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China; Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, 210009, China. Electronic address: jiyibing@msn.com.
Yibing
Y
Ji
D000818:Animals; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D057930:Click Chemistry; D004350:Drug Residues / Q000032:analysis / Q000302:isolation & purification; D004800:Enzymes, Immobilized / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D052578:Ionic Liquids / Q000737:chemistry; D008904:Miniaturization; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry; D012822:Silicon Dioxide / Q000737:chemistry; D052617:Solid Phase Microextraction
D004800:Enzymes, Immobilized; D052578:Ionic Liquids; D011108:Polymers; D012822:Silicon Dioxide
Capillary monolith; Click chemistry; Complex sample; Enantioseparation; Ionic liquid; Nanoparticle