Fractionation and Biological Activities of Water-Soluble Polysaccharides from Sclerotium of Tiger Milk Medicinal Mushroom, Lignosus rhinocerotis (Agaricomycetes).
This study investigated antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, and the direct cytotoxic effect of Lignosus rhinocerotis fractions, especially the polysaccharide fraction, on nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells. L. rhinocerotis crude extract was obtained through hot water extraction. The precipitate saturated with 30% ammonium sulfate was purified with ion-exchanged chromatography. Gel permeation chromatography multiangle laser light scattering analysis equipped with light scattering and UV signals revealed two district groups of polymers. A total of four peaks were observed in the total carbohydrate test. Fraction C, which was the second region of the second peak eluted with 0.3 M NaOH, showed the highest integrated molecular weight, whereas fraction E had the lowest integrated molecular weight of 19,790 Da. Fraction A contained the highest β-D-glucan content. Enzymatic analysis showed that most of the polysaccharide fractions contained β-1-3 and β-1-6 skeletal backbones. The peak eluted with 0.6 M NaOH was separated in fraction D (flask 89-92) and fraction E (93-96). The results showed that fraction E expressed higher antioxidant activities than fraction D whereas fraction D expressed higher chelating activity than fraction E. The extract saturated with 30% ammonium sulfate exhibited higher reducing power than the extract saturated with 100% ammonium sulfate. Fractions D and E significantly inhibited the secretion of tumor necrosis factor-α in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages in a dose-dependent manner. There was no apparent difference in the viability of cells exposed or unexposed to L. rhinocerotis fractions.
Phytochemistry Unit, Herbal Medicine Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, Jalan Pahang, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Choong Yew
CY
Keong
Cardiovascular, Diabetes and Nutrition Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, Jalan Pahang, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Vimala
V
B
Molecular Pathology Unit, Cancer Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, Jalan Pahang, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Maelinda
M
Daker
Radiation Technology, Radiation Processing Division, Malaysia Nuclear Agency, Bangi, Kajang, Malaysia.
Mohd Yusof
MY
Hamzah
Agrotechnology and Biosciences Division, Malaysia Nuclear Agency, Bangi, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia.
Shaiful Azuar
SA
Mohamad
Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Haidian District, Beijing, PR. China.
Jin
J
Lan
Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Haidian District, Beijing, PR. China.
Xiangdong
X
Chen
National Research Institute for Family Planning of China, Haidian District, Beijing, PR. China.
Yu-Ping
YP
Yang
D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D011232:Chemical Precipitation; D002850:Chromatography, Gel; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects; D051379:Mice; D008970:Molecular Weight; D011124:Polyporaceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D000067996:RAW 264.7 Cells
D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D016207:Cytokines; D011134:Polysaccharides