Ocular diseases: immunological and molecular mechanisms.
Many factors, such as environmental, microbial and endogenous stress, antigen localization, can trigger the immunological events that affect the ending of the diverse spectrum of ocular disorders. Significant advances in understanding of immunological and molecular mechanisms have been researched to improve the diagnosis and therapy for patients with ocular inflammatory diseases. Some kinds of ocular diseases are inadequately responsive to current medications; therefore, immunotherapy may be a potential choice as an alternative or adjunctive treatment, even in the prophylactic setting. This article first provides an overview of the immunological and molecular mechanisms concerning several typical and common ocular diseases; second, the functions of immunological roles in some of systemic autoimmunity will be discussed; third, we will provide a summary of the mechanisms that dictate immune cell trafficking to ocular local microenvironment in response to inflammation.
Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Hospital of Logistics University of People's Armed Police Force, Tianjin 300161, China.
Jing
J
Song
Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Hospital of Logistics University of People's Armed Police Force, Tianjin 300161, China; Department of Ophthalmology, General Hospital of PLA, Beijing 100853, China.
Yi-Fei
YF
Huang
Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Hospital of Logistics University of People's Armed Police Force, Tianjin 300161, China.
Wen-Jing
WJ
Zhang
Department of Ophthalmology, General Hospital of PLA, Beijing 100853, China.
Xiao-Fei
XF
Chen
Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Hospital of Logistics University of People's Armed Police Force, Tianjin 300161, China.
Yu-Mian
YM
Guo
chemokines; immune response; immunological mechanism; ocular diseases; systemic autoimmunity