Amelioration of neuronal cell death in a spontaneous obese rat model by dietary restriction through modulation of ubiquitin proteasome system.
Dietary restriction (DR) has been shown to increase longevity, delay onset of aging, reduce DNA damage and oxidative stress and prevent age-related decline of neuronal activity. We previously reported the role of altered ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) in the neuronal cell death in a spontaneous obese rat model (WNIN/Ob rat). In this study, we investigated the effect of DR on obesity-induced neuronal cell death in a rat model. Two groups of 40-day-old WNIN/Ob rats were either fed ad libitum (Ob) or pair-fed with lean. The lean phenotype of WNIN/Ob rats served as ad libitum control. These animals were maintained for 6.5months on their respective diet regime. At the end of the study, cerebral cortex was collected and markers of UPS, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and autophagy were analyzed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry. Chymotrypsin-like activity of proteasome was assayed by the fluorimetric method. Apoptotic cells were analyzed by TUNEL assay. DR improved metabolic abnormalities in obese rats. Alterations in UPS (up-regulation of UCHL1, down-regulation of UCHL5, declined proteasomal activity), increased ER stress, declined autophagy and increased expression of α-synuclein, p53 and BAX were observed in obese rats and DR alleviated these changes in obese rats. Further, DR decreased TUNEL-positive cells. In conclusion, DR in obese rats could not only restore the metabolic abnormalities but also preserved neuronal health in the cerebral cortex by preventing alterations in the UPS.
Biochemistry Division, National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, India.
Karnam
K
Shruthi
Biochemistry Division, National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, India.
S Sreenivasa
SS
Reddy
Biochemistry Division, National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, India.
P Yadagiri
PY
Reddy
Biochemistry Division, National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, India.
Potula
P
Shivalingam
Biochemistry Division, National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, India.
Nemani
N
Harishankar
Biochemistry Division, National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, India. Electronic address: geereddy@yahoo.com.
G Bhanuprakash
GB
Reddy
D000375:Aging; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D001343:Autophagy; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D031204:Caloric Restriction; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D059865:Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D019636:Neurodegenerative Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D009474:Neurons / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D000066829:Neuroprotection; D009765:Obesity / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D046988:Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex / Q000378:metabolism*; D011922:Rats, Mutant Strains; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D054875:Ubiquitination; D051844:alpha-Synuclein / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
C494828:Bax protein, rat; D015415:Biomarkers; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; C497606:Snca protein, rat; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; D051844:alpha-Synuclein; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein; D046988:Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex
Apoptosis; Dietary restriction; ER stress; Neurodegeneration; Ubiquitin proteasome system; obesity