Metabolite changes in nine different soybean varieties grown under field and greenhouse conditions.
Global food security remains a worldwide concern due to changing climate, increasing population, and reduced agriculture acreages. Greenhouse cultivation increases productivity by extending growing seasons, reducing pest infestations and providing protection against short term drastic weather fluctuations like frost, heat, rain, and wind. In the present study, we examined and compared the metabolic responses of nine soybean varieties grown under field and greenhouse conditions. Extracts were assayed by GC-FID, GC-MS, and LC-MS for the identification of 10 primary (amino acids, organic acids, and sugars) and 10 secondary (isoflavones, fatty acid methyl esters) metabolites. Sugar molecules (glucose, sucrose, and pinitol) and isoflavone aglycons were increased but the isoflavones glucoside content decreased in the greenhouse cultivated soybeans. The amino acids and organic acids varied between the varieties. The results show that clustering (PCA and PLS-DA) patterns of soybean metabolites were significantly influenced by the genetic variation and growing conditions.
Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD 20705, United States.
K M
KM
Maria John
Soybean Genomics and Improvement Laboratory, Plant Sciences Institute, ARS, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705, United States.
Savithiry
S
Natarajan
Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD 20705, United States. Electronic address: Dave.Luthria@ars.usda.gov.
Devanand L
DL
Luthria
D000383:Agriculture / Q000379:methods*; D000596:Amino Acids / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000378:metabolism; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D007529:Isoflavones / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D012621:Seasons; D013025:Glycine max / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*
D000596:Amino Acids; D005227:Fatty Acids; D007529:Isoflavones
Cultivars; Greenhouse; Metabolites; Multivariate analyses; Soybean