The relationship between theory of mind and the executive functions: Evidence from patients with frontal lobe damage.
"Theory of mind" (ToM) refers to the ability to predict others' thoughts, intentions, beliefs, and feelings. Evidence from neuropsychology and functional imaging indicates that ToM is a domain-specific or modular architecture; however, research in development psychology has suggested that ToM is the full development of the executive functions in individuals. Therefore, the relationship between ToM and the executive functions needs to be clarified. Since the frontal lobe plays a critical role in the abilities of ToM and the executive functions, patients with frontal lobe damage were recruited for the present study. Assessments of ToM and the executive functions were performed on 23 patients with frontal lobe damage and 20 healthy controls. When controlling for the executive functions, significant differences between the patient and normal groups were found in the affective component of ToM, but not in the cognitive component. The present study suggests that in various social situations, executing ToM abilities requires logical reasoning processes provided by the executive functions. However, the reasoning processes of affective ToM are independent of executive functions.
a Clinical Psychology , Fu Jen Catholic University , Taipei , Taiwan.
Zai-Ting
ZT
Yeh
b Neurosurgery , Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital , Taipei , Taiwan.
Ming-Cheng
MC
Tsai
b Neurosurgery , Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital , Taipei , Taiwan.
Ming-Dar
MD
Tsai
c Neurology , Cardinal Tien Hospital , Taipei , Taiwan.
Chiao-Yu
CY
Lo
c Neurology , Cardinal Tien Hospital , Taipei , Taiwan.
Kaw-Chen
KC
Wang
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000339:Affect; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003071:Cognition; D006259:Craniocerebral Trauma / Q000523:psychology*; D056344:Executive Function; D005260:Female; D005625:Frontal Lobe / Q000293:injuries*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D056345:Theory of Mind; D055815:Young Adult
Executive functions; frontal lobe; theory of mind