Spatial distribution and pollution assessment of heavy metals in the surface sediments of the Bohai and Yellow Seas.
A total of 141 surface sediments were collected and analyzed for their geochemistry, total organic carbon, and grain size to assess the heavy metal pollution in the Bohai and Yellow Seas. The enrichment factor (EF) and geoaccumulation index (Igeo) of Cu, Pb, Zn, Cr, Cd, Ni, As, and Hg were calculated to assess anthropogenic contamination, and the results suggest that moderate Pb, Cd, and As contamination occurs in the study area. Sediment quality guidelines were applied to assess the adverse biological effects of these metals. The spatial distribution of the mean Effects Range-Median quotient for the vast majority of the study area is between 0.1 and 0.5, indicating low impact and potential negative biological effects. Multivariate analysis indicates that Cu, Pb, Zn, Cr, and Ni resulted primarily from lithogenic sources, whereas As, Cd, and Hg were mainly attributed to anthropogenic sources.
College of Geo-Marine Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Hydrocarbon Resources and Environmental Geology, Ministry of Land and Resources, Qingdao Institute of Marine Geology, China Geological Survey, Qingdao 266071, China.
Xiaoda
X
Xu
College of Geo-Marine Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China.
Zhimin
Z
Cao
Key Laboratory of Marine Hydrocarbon Resources and Environmental Geology, Ministry of Land and Resources, Qingdao Institute of Marine Geology, China Geological Survey, Qingdao 266071, China.
Zhixun
Z
Zhang
Key Laboratory of Marine Hydrocarbon Resources and Environmental Geology, Ministry of Land and Resources, Qingdao Institute of Marine Geology, China Geological Survey, Qingdao 266071, China.
Rihui
R
Li
Key Laboratory of Marine Hydrocarbon Resources and Environmental Geology, Ministry of Land and Resources, Qingdao Institute of Marine Geology, China Geological Survey, Qingdao 266071, China. Electronic address: bangqihu@gmail.com.
Bangqi
B
Hu
D002681:China; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D019015:Geologic Sediments / Q000737:chemistry*; D019216:Metals, Heavy / Q000032:analysis*; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009792:Oceans and Seas; D062206:Spatial Analysis; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*
D019216:Metals, Heavy; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical
Bohai Sea; Environmental assessment; Heavy metals; Surface sediment; Yellow Sea