The association between IgG and IgM antibodies against cardiolipin, β2-glycoprotein I and Domain I of β2-glycoprotein I with disease profile in patients with multiple sclerosis.
Antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) occur in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) with a number of studies reporting elevated levels; their exact prevalence and pathogenic role remain unclear. Epidemiological studies associate MS with an increased risk of deep venous thromboembolism and stroke; overlapping clinical features with APS. Antibodies against the first domain - Domain I (DI) - of β2glycoprotein I (β2GPI), show the most clinical significance and evidence for pathogenicity in the antiphospholipid syndrome (APS), but have not yet been investigated in MS. Serum from a well-defined cohort of 127 MS patients and 92 healthy controls were tested for IgM and IgG antibodies against cardiolipin (CL), β2GPI and DI. Higher frequency of IgM and IgG anti-CL were found in MS patients (18.1% and 21.3%), compared to controls (1.1% in both cases, p<0.0001). We report that anti-DI antibodies were associated with MS patients, with 6.3% and 7.1% positive for IgM and IgG, respectively, compared to controls, 1.1% (p<0.05). IgM anti-CL antibodies were elevated in secondary progressive MS and primary progressive MS compared to relapse-remitting MS, (p<0.005). This study enrolled the largest number of patients with definite MS for studying the association with aPL. Although we confirmed IgM and IgG anti-CL antibodies occur in patients with MS, this is the first study that identified anti-DI antibodies in MS patients. This new finding may prove valuable and future studies are required to evaluate its role as a potential risk factor of thromboembolic phenomena in MS.
Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus.
Natalia
N
Filippidou
Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus.
George
G
Krashias
Centre for Rheumatology Research, Division of Medicine, University College London, UK.
Charis
C
Pericleous
Centre for Rheumatology Research, Division of Medicine, University College London, UK.
Anisur
A
Rahman
Centre for Rheumatology Research, Division of Medicine, University College London, UK; Arthritis Research UK Centre for Adolescent Rheumatology, UCL Hospital and Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK.
Yiannis
Y
Ioannou
Centre for Rheumatology Research, Division of Medicine, University College London, UK.
Ian
I
Giles
Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus.
Christiana
C
Demetriou
Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus.
Afroditi
A
Anatolitou
Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus.
Christina
C
Christodoulou
Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus.
Marios
M
Pantzaris
Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus. Electronic address: nancyl@cing.ac.cy.
Anastasia
A
Lambrianides
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D017153:Antibodies, Anticardiolipin / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology*; D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology*; D001324:Autoantigens / Q000276:immunology; D002308:Cardiolipins / Q000276:immunology*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology; D007075:Immunoglobulin M / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000276:immunology*; D055815:Young Adult; D053482:beta 2-Glycoprotein I / Q000276:immunology*
D017153:Antibodies, Anticardiolipin; D001323:Autoantibodies; D001324:Autoantigens; D002308:Cardiolipins; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D007075:Immunoglobulin M; D053482:beta 2-Glycoprotein I
Antiphospholipid antibodies; Antiphospholipid syndrome; Autoantibodies; Autoimmune disease; Multiple sclerosis