Evidence review for the 2016 International Ankle Consortium consensus statement on the prevalence, impact and long-term consequences of lateral ankle sprains.
Lateral ankle sprains (LASs) are the most prevalent musculoskeletal injury in physically active populations. They also have a high prevalence in the general population and pose a substantial healthcare burden. The recurrence rates of LASs are high, leading to a large percentage of patients with LAS developing chronic ankle instability. This chronicity is associated with decreased physical activity levels and quality of life and associates with increasing rates of post-traumatic ankle osteoarthritis, all of which generate financial costs that are larger than many have realised. The literature review that follows expands this paradigm and introduces emerging areas that should be prioritised for continued research, supporting a companion position statement paper that proposes recommendations for using this summary of information, and needs for specific future research.
University of Kentucky, College of Health Sciences, Lexington, Kentucky, USA.
Phillip A
PA
Gribble
Department of Life and Health Sciences, Ulster University, Jordanstown, Carrickfergus, UK.
Chris M
http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9032-9691
CM
Bleakley
University College Dublin, Insight Centre for Data Analytics, Dublin, Ireland.
Brian M
BM
Caulfield
Indiana University, School of Public Health, Bloomington, Indiana, USA.
Carrie L
CL
Docherty
Physiotherapy Department, Hôpital La Tour, Geneva, Switzerland.
François
F
Fourchet
National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine-East Midlands, School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire, UK.
Daniel Tik-Pui
DT
Fong
Departments of Kinesiology and Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.
Jay
J
Hertel
University of Sydney, College of Health, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Claire E
CE
Hiller
Department of Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA.
Thomas W
TW
Kaminski
Department of Exercise and Sport Sciences, Ithaca College, Ithaca, New York, USA.
Patrick O
PO
McKeon
University of Sydney, College of Health, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Kathryn M
KM
Refshauge
Department of Public and Occupational Health, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Evert A
http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9227-8234
EA
Verhagen
University of Queensland, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences: Physiotherapy, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
Bill T
BT
Vicenzino
Department of Exercise & Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.
Erik A
EA
Wikstrom
University College Dublin, School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, Dublin, Ireland.
Eamonn
E
Delahunt
D016512:Ankle Injuries / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D001265:Athletic Injuries / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D032921:Consensus; D017281:Cost of Illness; D006801:Humans; D007593:Joint Instability / Q000150:complications; D010003:Osteoarthritis / Q000150:complications; D015995:Prevalence; D011788:Quality of Life; D012008:Recurrence; D013180:Sprains and Strains / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology*
Ankle; Public health