Evaluation of Bar and Nightclub Intervention to Decrease Young Adult Smoking in New Mexico.
Over 20% of young adults in New Mexico currently smoke. We evaluated cigarette smoking prevalence of young adult bar patrons during an anti-tobacco Social Branding intervention.



The Social Branding intervention used a smoke-free brand, "HAVOC," to compete with tobacco marketing within the "Partier" young adult peer crowd. A series of cross-sectional surveys were collected from adults aged 18-26 in bars and nightclubs in Albuquerque, New Mexico, from 2009 to 2013 using randomized time-location sampling. Multivariable multinomial regression using full information maximum likelihood estimation to account for missing data evaluated differences in daily and nondaily smoking during the intervention, controlling for demographics, other risk behaviors, and tobacco-related attitudes.



Data were collected from 1,069 individuals at Time 1, and 720, 1,142, and 1,149 participants at Times 2, 3, and 4, respectively. Current smoking rates decreased from 47.5% at Time 1 to 37.5% at Time 4 (p < .001). Among Partiers, the odds of daily smoking decreased significantly, but nondaily smoking was unchanged. Partiers that recalled, liked, and understood the smoke-free message of HAVOC had lower odds of nondaily (odds ratio: .48, 95% CI: .31-.75) and daily (odds ratio: .31, 95% CI: .14-.68) smoking than those who did not recall HAVOC. HAVOC recall was associated with attitudes that were also associated with smoking behavior.



The significant decrease in daily smoking among young adult Partiers in New Mexico was associated with HAVOC recall and understanding. Social Branding interventions efficiently target and may decrease tobacco use among young adult bar patrons.
Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California.
Sara
S
Kalkhoran
Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California.
Nadra E
NE
Lisha
Department of Medicine, Center for AIDS Prevention Studies, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California.
Torsten B
TB
Neilands
Rescue, San Diego, California.
Jeffrey W
JW
Jordan
Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California; Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California. Electronic address: pling@medicine.ucsf.edu.
Pamela M
PM
Ling
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016013:Likelihood Functions; D008297:Male; D040541:Marketing; D009516:New Mexico / Q000453:epidemiology; D010379:Peer Group; D015995:Prevalence; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D016540:Smoking Cessation / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D000074606:Smoking Prevention; D055815:Young Adult
Cigarette smoking; Social marketing; Tobacco use disorder/prevention and control; Young adult