EAACI Molecular Allergology User's Guide.
The availability of allergen molecules ('components') from several protein families has advanced our understanding of immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated responses and enabled 'component-resolved diagnosis' (CRD). The European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI) Molecular Allergology User's Guide (MAUG) provides comprehensive information on important allergens and describes the diagnostic options using CRD. Part A of the EAACI MAUG introduces allergen molecules, families, composition of extracts, databases, and diagnostic IgE, skin, and basophil tests. Singleplex and multiplex IgE assays with components improve both sensitivity for low-abundance allergens and analytical specificity; IgE to individual allergens can yield information on clinical risks and distinguish cross-reactivity from true primary sensitization. Part B discusses the clinical and molecular aspects of IgE-mediated allergies to foods (including nuts, seeds, legumes, fruits, vegetables, cereal grains, milk, egg, meat, fish, and shellfish), inhalants (pollen, mold spores, mites, and animal dander), and Hymenoptera venom. Diagnostic algorithms and short case histories provide useful information for the clinical workup of allergic individuals targeted for CRD. Part C covers protein families containing ubiquitous, highly cross-reactive panallergens from plant (lipid transfer proteins, polcalcins, PR-10, profilins) and animal sources (lipocalins, parvalbumins, serum albumins, tropomyosins) and explains their diagnostic and clinical utility. Part D lists 100 important allergen molecules. In conclusion, IgE-mediated reactions and allergic diseases, including allergic rhinoconjunctivitis, asthma, food reactions, and insect sting reactions, are discussed from a novel molecular perspective. The EAACI MAUG documents the rapid progression of molecular allergology from basic research to its integration into clinical practice, a quantum leap in the management of allergic patients.
Paediatric Pneumology and Immunology, Charitè Medical University, Berlin, Germany.
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PM
Matricardi
Allergy & Asthma Center Westend, Outpatient Clinic Ackermann, Hanf, & Kleine-Tebbe, Berlin, Germany.
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J
Kleine-Tebbe
Department of Respiratory Diseases and Allergy, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University and Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.
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HJ
Hoffmann
Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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Valenta
Department of Infection & Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.
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C
Hilger
Paediatric Pneumology and Immunology, Charitè Medical University, Berlin, Germany.
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Hofmaier
Sanquin Research, Department of Immunopathology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.|Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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RC
Aalberse
Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Transylvania University of Brasov, Brasov, Romania.
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I
Agache
Ambulatorio di Allergologia, Clinica San Carlo, Paderno Dugnano, Italy.
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R
Asero
Allergy Unit, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
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B
Ballmer-Weber
IMMA-School of Medicine, University CEU San Pablo, Madrid, Spain.
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D
Barber
Paediatric Pneumology and Immunology, Charitè Medical University, Berlin, Germany.
K
K
Beyer
Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany.
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T
Biedermann
Allergy Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Ospedali Riuniti di Ancona, Ancona, Italy.
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MB
Bilò
Center of Allergy and Environment (ZAUM), Helmholtz Center Munich, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
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S
Blank
Division of Experimental Allergology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology & Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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B
Bohle
Allergy Unit, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
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PP
Bosshard
Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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H
Breiteneder
Paediatric Allergy, Department of Asthma, Allergy and Respiratory Science, King's College London, Guys' Hospital, London, UK.
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HA
Brough
Institute for Immunological Research, The University of Cartagena, Cartagena de Indias, Colombia.
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L
Caraballo
Pediatric Allergy Unit, Department of Child and Adolescent, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
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JC
Caubet
Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research, University of Zürich, Davos, Switzerland.
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R
Crameri
School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Qld, Australia.
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JM
Davies
Allergy Unit, 2nd Paediatric Clinic, National & Kapodistrian University, Athens, Greece.
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Douladiris
Department of Allergy, Clinical Research Center for Allergology and Rheumatology, Sagamihara National Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan.
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M
Ebisawa
Pediatric Allergy Unit, Department of Child and Adolescent, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
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PA
EIgenmann
Allergy Department, Hospital Clinico San Carlos IdISSC, Madrid, Spain.
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M
Fernandez-Rivas
Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Molecular Biology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria.
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F
Ferreira
Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Molecular Biology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria.
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G
Gadermaier
Allergy Unit, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.|Christine Kühne Center for Allergy Research and Education CK-CARE, Davos, Switzerland.
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Glatz
Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Hamilton
Department of Dermatology, Paracelsus Private Medical University, Salzburg, Austria.
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T
Hawranek
Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Academic Medical Center (AMC), Amsterdam, The Netherlands.|Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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P
Hellings
Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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K
Hoffmann-Sommergruber
Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University Medical Center Giessen and Marburg, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany.
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T
Jakob
Division of Clinical and Molecular Allergology, Research Centre Borstel, Airway Research Centre North (ARCN), Member of the German Centre for Lung Research (DZL), Borstel, Germany.|Interdisciplinary Allergy Division, Department of Pneumology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.
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Jappe
Department of Clinical Immunology, 'ALL-MED' Medical Research Institute, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland.
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Jutel
Molecular Allergy Research Laboratory, Centre for Biodiscovery and Molecular Development of Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville City, Qld, Australia.
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Kamath
Departments of Immunology and Dermatology/Allergology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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Knol
University Clinic of Respiratory and Allergic Diseases, Golnik, Slovenia.
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Korosec
Department of Infection & Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.
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Kuehn
King's College London, MRC & Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, UK.|Division of Asthma, Allergy and Lung Biology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
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Lack
Department of Clinical Immunology, 'ALL-MED' Medical Research Institute, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland.
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Lopata
Skin and Allergy Hospital, Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
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Mäkelä
National Service of Immuno-Allergology, Centre Hospitalier Luxembourg (CHL), Luxembourg, UK.
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M
Morisset
Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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V
Niederberger
Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Jaffe Food Allergy Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
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AH
Nowak-Węgrzyn
Centre for Paediatrics and Child Health, Institute of Human Development, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
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Papadopoulos
Unit of Allergology and Immunology, Niguarda Ca' Granda Hospital, Milan, Italy.
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EA
Pastorello
Service de Pneumologie, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.
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G
Pauli
Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
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T
Platts-Mills
Paediatric Pneumology and Immunology, Charitè Medical University, Berlin, Germany.
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D
Posa
Allergy Clinic, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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LK
Poulsen
Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Ruhr-University Bochum (IPA), Bochum, Germany.
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M
Raulf
Allergy Division, Fundación Jimenez Díaz, Madrid, Spain.
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J
Sastre
Experimental Allergy Unit, IDI-IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
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Scala
Department of Respiratory Diseases and Allergy, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University and Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.
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JM
Schmid
Allergy Unit, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.|Christine Kühne Center for Allergy Research and Education CK-CARE, Davos, Switzerland.
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P
Schmid-Grendelmeier
Department of Medicine Solna, Clinical Immunology and Allergy Unit, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
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van Hage
Departments of Experimental Immunology and of Otorhinolaryngology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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van Ree
Department of Allergology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany.
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Vieths
School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Denver, CO, USA.|Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health Service, Denver, CO, USA.
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Weber
Sachs' Children's Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Wickman
The Referral Centre for Food Allergy Diagnosis and Treatment Veneto Region, Department of Mother and Child Health, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.
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Muraro
Department of Infection & Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.|Department of Dermatology and Allergy Center, Odense Research Center for Anaphylaxis, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
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Ollert
D000485:Allergens / Q000276:immunology*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D006969:Hypersensitivity, Immediate / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000628:therapy; D007073:Immunoglobulin E / Q000378:metabolism*; D007159:Immunologic Tests / Q000379:methods; D057285:Precision Medicine / Q000379:methods
D000485:Allergens; D015415:Biomarkers; D007073:Immunoglobulin E
IgE; IgE cross-reactivity; allergy; allergy diagnosis; anaphylaxis; asthma; atopic dermatitis; component-resolved diagnosis; diagnosis; diagnostic algorithms; food allergy; guidelines; lipocalins; microarray; molecular allergology; non-specific lipid transfer proteins; panallergens; parvalbumins; pathogenesis-related protein family 10; polcalcins; precision medicine; profilins; serum albumins; tropomyosins