Baseline characteristics of participants in the Kerala Diabetes Prevention Program: a cluster randomized controlled trial of lifestyle intervention in Asian Indians.
To describe the baseline characteristics of participants in the Kerala Diabetes Prevention Program.



The Kerala Diabetes Prevention Program is a cluster randomized controlled trial of lifestyle intervention for prevention of Type 2 diabetes mellitus in India. Participants in the study were those aged 30-60 years who had an Indian Diabetes Risk Score ≥ 60 and who were without Type 2 diabetes on oral glucose tolerance test. Data on demographic, lifestyle, clinical and biochemical characteristics were collected using standardized tools.



A total of 2586 individuals were screened with the Indian Diabetes Risk Score, of these 1529 people (59.1%) had a score ≥ 60, of whom 1209 (79.1%) underwent an oral glucose tolerance test. A total of 202 individuals (16.7%) had undiagnosed Type 2 diabetes and were excluded, and the remaining 1007 individuals were enrolled in the trial (control arm, n = 507; intervention arm, n = 500). The mean participant age was 46.0 ± 7.5 years, and 47.2% were women. The mean Indian Diabetes Risk Score was 67.1 ± 8.4. More than two-thirds (69.0%) had prediabetes and 31.0% had normal glucose tolerance. The prevalence of cardiometabolic risk factors was high, including current tobacco use (34.4% in men), current alcohol use (39.3% in men), no leisure time exercise (98.0%), no daily intake of fruit and vegetables (78.7%), family history of diabetes (47.9%), overweight or obesity (68.5%), hypertension (22.3%) and dyslipidemia (85.4%).



The Kerala Diabetes Prevention Program recruited participants using a diabetes risk score. A large proportion of the participants had prediabetes and there were high rates of cardiometabolic risk factors. The trial will evaluate the effectiveness of lifestyle intervention in a population selected on the basis of a diabetes risk score.
Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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Sathish
Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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Oldenburg
Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.|Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore.
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Tapp
Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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Shaw
Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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Wolfe
Achutha Menon Centre for Health Science Studies, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India.
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Sajitha
Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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D'Esposito
School of Health Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.|Collaborative Care Systems Finland, Helsinki, Finland.
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Absetz
Achutha Menon Centre for Health Science Studies, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India.
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Mathews
Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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Zimmet
Achutha Menon Centre for Health Science Studies, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India.
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Thankappan
D000328:Adult; D044466:Asian People; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000208:ethnology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007194:India; D008019:Life Style; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010353:Patient Education as Topic; D011236:Prediabetic State / Q000208:ethnology / Q000628:therapy*; D011322:Primary Prevention / Q000379:methods*; D040242:Risk Reduction Behavior