Anatomical aspects of the gastrocnemius muscles: A study in 47 fresh cadavers.
BACKGROUND
This study offers objective dimensions of the gastrocnemius muscle and analyzes correlations between dimensional variables, with a view to providing guidance on the proportions of a healthy gastrocnemius muscle for both genders.


METHODS
This anatomical study was conducted at the Institute of Forensic Medicine Faculty of Medicine University of Belgrade, Serbia, from May until November 2014. We included 47 fresh cadavers (up to 12-h postmortem interval) both male and female. The inclusion criteria were absence of any trauma or degenerative findings in lower limbs, normally weighed, and age between 18 and 60 years. The exclusion criteria were significant difference in dimensions between legs and overweighed cadavers.


RESULTS
After statistical analysis of gathered data, we were able to define the exact shape and average measures of the medial and lateral head of gastrocnemius muscle in male and female. Factors affecting muscle dimensions are also defined in this study.


CONCLUSIONS
The method of dissection that we applied could be recommended for exploration of different anatomical structures of calf region. The reported dimensions and correlations are useful guide in planning cosmetic and reconstructive procedures with high accuracy.
BelPrime Clinic for Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Belgrade, Serbia. Electronic address: kandjelkov@belprimeclinic.com.
Katarina
K
Andjelkov
Institute of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
Tatjana C
TC
Atanasijevic
Institute of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
Vesna M
VM
Popovic
BelPrime Clinic for Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Belgrade, Serbia.
Marcos
M
Sforza
University of Leeds, United Kingdom.
Connor J
CJ
Atkinson
Institute of Medical Statistics and Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
Ivan
I
Soldatovic
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001837:Body Weights and Measures; D002102:Cadaver; D004210:Dissection; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007866:Leg / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D012737:Sex Factors; D055815:Young Adult
Cadaveric study; Calf anatomy; Calf muscles; Gastrocnemius