Fat tissue and inflammation in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis.
BACKGROUND
Body weight has been increasing in the general population and is an established risk factor for hypertension, diabetes, and all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. Patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis (PD) gain weight, mainly during the first months of treatment. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between body composition and metabolic and inflammatory status in patients undergoing PD.


METHODS
This was a prospective, non-interventional study of prevalent patients receiving PD. Body composition was studied every 3 months using bioelectrical impedance (BCM(®)). We performed linear regression for each patient, including all BCM(®) measurements, to calculate annual changes in body composition. Thirty-one patients in our PD unit met the inclusion criteria.


RESULTS
Median follow-up was 26 (range 17-27) months. Mean increase in weight was 1.8 ± 2.8 kg/year. However, BCM(®) analysis revealed a mean increase in fat mass of 3.0 ± 3.2 kg/year with a loss of lean mass of 2.3 ± 4.1 kg/year during follow-up. The increase in fat mass was associated with the conicity index, suggesting that increases in fat mass are based mainly on abdominal adipose tissue. Changes in fat mass were directly associated with inflammation parameters such as C-reactive protein (r = 0.382, P = 0.045) and inversely associated with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (r=-0.50, P = 0.008).


CONCLUSIONS
Follow-up of weight and body mass index can underestimate the fat mass increase and miss lean mass loss. The increase in fat mass is associated with proinflammatory state and alteration in lipid profile.
Department of Nephrology, Rey Juan Carlos Hospital, Móstoles, Madrid, Spain; Department of Nephrology, Gregorio Marañón Hospital, Madrid, Spain.
Abraham
A
Rincón Bello
Department of Nephrology , Gregorio Marañón Hospital , Madrid , Spain.
Laura
L
Bucalo
Department of Nephrology , Gregorio Marañón Hospital , Madrid , Spain.
Soraya
S
Abad Estébanez
Department of Nephrology , Gregorio Marañón Hospital , Madrid , Spain.
Almudena
A
Vega Martínez
Department of Nephrology , Gregorio Marañón Hospital , Madrid , Spain.
Daniel
D
Barraca Núñez
Department of Nephrology , Gregorio Marañón Hospital , Madrid , Spain.
Claudia
C
Yuste Lozano
Department of Nephrology , Gregorio Marañón Hospital , Madrid , Spain.
Ana
A
Pérez de José
Department of Nephrology , Gregorio Marañón Hospital , Madrid , Spain.
Juan M
JM
López-Gómez
fat mass; inflammation; metabolic syndrome; peritoneal dialysis