Fabrication of a Functionalized Magnetic Bacterial Nanocellulose with Iron Oxide Nanoparticles.
In this study, bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) produced by the bacteria Gluconacetobacter xylinus is synthesized and impregnated in situ with iron oxide nanoparticles (IONP) (Fe3O4) to yield a magnetic bacterial nanocellulose (MBNC). The synthesis of MBNC is a precise and specifically designed multi-step process. Briefly, bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) pellicles are formed from preserved G. xylinus strain according to our experimental requirements of size and morphology. A solution of iron(III) chloride hexahydrate (FeCl3·6H2O) and iron(II) chloride tetrahydrate (FeCl2·4H2O) with a 2:1 molar ratio is prepared and diluted in deoxygenated high purity water. A BNC pellicle is then introduced in the vessel with the reactants. This mixture is stirred and heated at 80 °C in a silicon oil bath and ammonium hydroxide (14%) is then added by dropping to precipitate the ferrous ions into the BNC mesh. This last step allows forming in situ magnetite nanoparticles (Fe3O4) inside the bacterial nanocellulose mesh to confer magnetic properties to BNC pellicle. A toxicological assay was used to evaluate the biocompatibility of the BNC-IONP pellicle. Polyethylene glycol (PEG) was used to cover the IONPs in order to improve their biocompatibility. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images showed that the IONP were located preferentially in the fibril interlacing spaces of the BNC matrix, but some of them were also found along the BNC ribbons. Magnetic force microscope measurements performed on the MBNC detected the presence magnetic domains with high and weak intensity magnetic field, confirming the magnetic nature of the MBNC pellicle. Young's modulus values obtained in this work are also in a reasonable agreement with those reported for several blood vessels in previous studies.
Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.
Sandra L
SL
Arias
Department of Nuclear, Plasma and Radiological Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.
Akshath R
AR
Shetty
Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.
Angana
A
Senpan
Program of Study and Control of Tropical Diseases (PECET), University of Antioquia.
Mónica
M
Echeverry-Rendón
Sealy Center for Vaccine Development, University of Texas Medical Branch; WHO Collaborating Center for Vaccine Research, Evaluation and Training on Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch.
Lisa M
LM
Reece
Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Department of Nuclear, Plasma and Radiological Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; allain@illinois.edu.
Jean Paul
JP
Allain
D001011:Aorta / Q000166:cytology; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry; D001807:Blood Vessel Prosthesis; D002482:Cellulose / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000737:chemistry*; D053904:DNA Breaks, Single-Stranded; D005290:Ferric Compounds / Q000737:chemistry*; D005296:Ferrous Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D041822:Gluconacetobacter xylinus / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008280:Magnetics / Q000379:methods; D058185:Magnetite Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology
D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D005290:Ferric Compounds; D005296:Ferrous Compounds; D058185:Magnetite Nanoparticles; C000499:ferric oxide; D002482:Cellulose