Multimodal imaging of the tricuspid valve: normal appearance and pathological entities.
The tricuspid valve, which is the atrioventricular valve attached to the morphological right ventricle, is affected by a wide range of pathological processes. Tricuspid valve diseases are now increasingly recognized as a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. Echocardiography is the most widely available and, hence, the first-line imaging modality used in the evaluation of tricuspid valve disorders; however, CT and MRI are also increasingly used for further evaluation and characterization of these entities. In this article, we first review the normal anatomy and embryology of the tricuspid valve, followed by a discussion of the role of multiple imaging modalities in the evaluation of tricuspid valve abnormalities. We then review and illustrate the imaging appearance of several congenital and acquired tricuspid valve abnormalities. Main Messages • Tricuspid valve diseases have a significant impact on morbidity and mortality. • CT and MRI are increasingly used in the evaluation of tricuspid disorders. • CT and MRI help in diagnosis, functional evaluation, pre-surgical planning and post-surgical follow-up. • The most common cause of tricuspid regurgitation is functional.
Cardiothoracic Imaging, Department of Radiology, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA.
Soham
S
Shah
The Heart Valve Center, Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA.
Trevor
T
Jenkins
The Heart Valve Center, Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA.
Alan
A
Markowitz
Cardiothoracic Imaging, Department of Radiology, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA.
Robert
R
Gilkeson
Cardiothoracic Imaging, Department of Radiology, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA. radprabhakar@gmail.com.|Cardiothoracic Imaging, Department of Radiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA. radprabhakar@gmail.com.
Prabhakar
P
Rajiah
Atrioventricular valve; CT; Cardiac; MRI; Tricuspid valve