Micro- and Nanoscale Technologies for Delivery into Adherent Cells.
Several recent micro- and nanotechnologies have provided novel methods for biological studies of adherent cells because the small features of these new biotools provide unique capabilities for accessing cells without the need for suspension or lysis. These novel approaches have enabled gentle but effective delivery of molecules into specific adhered target cells, with unprecedented spatial resolution. We review here recent progress in the development of these technologies with an emphasis on in vitro delivery into adherent cells utilizing mechanical penetration or electroporation. We discuss the major advantages and limitations of these approaches and propose possible strategies for improvements. Finally, we discuss the impact of these technologies on biological research concerning cell-specific temporal studies, for example non-destructive sampling and analysis of intracellular molecules.
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA; iNfinitesimal LLC, Skokie, IL 60077, USA.
Wonmo
W
Kang
iNfinitesimal LLC, Skokie, IL 60077, USA.
Rebecca L
RL
McNaughton
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA; iNfinitesimal LLC, Skokie, IL 60077, USA; Institute for Cellular Engineering Technologies, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA. Electronic address: espinosa@northwestern.edu.
Horacio D
HD
Espinosa
D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000502:physiology*; D002469:Cell Separation / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D018914:Cells, Immobilized / Q000737:chemistry / Q000502:physiology*; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems / Q000295:instrumentation*; D018274:Electroporation / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D004867:Equipment Design; D008846:Micromanipulation / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D008904:Miniaturization; D036103:Nanotechnology / Q000295:instrumentation*; D046888:Tissue Array Analysis / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods
adherent cells; cell specificity; electroporation; nanobiotechnology.; non-destructive analysis; single-cell access