Effects of Hormone Replacement Therapy on Insulin Resistance in Postmenopausal Diabetic Women.
BACKGROUND
Insulin resistance (IR) is closely associated with diabetes mellitus. On the other hand, increased visceral fat in menopause is also associated with IR, which makes postmenopausal diabetic women in a big risk for cardiovascular diseases. There are conflicting reports about the effects on hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on IR.


OBJECTIVE
The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of HRT on IR.


METHODS
A total of 40 postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes were enrolled and followed for 12 months. Half of them were assigned to take HRT, while the other half made the control group. Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and insulinemia were measured in both groups at baseline and after 12 months. IR was represented by Homeostatic model assessment for IR (HOMA-IR).


RESULTS
HRT was associated with significant decrease in HOMA-IR, FPG and insulinemia in the examined group. There was no significant reduction in FPG and no significant increase in insulinemia levels and HOMA-IR values in control group after 12 months.


CONCLUSIONS
HRT was associated with statistically signifficant increase of insulin sensitivity. Larger clinical trials will be necessary to understand whether HRT may improve insulin resistance and glucose homeostasis in women with diabetes, especially when given shortly after entering menopause.
University Clinic of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolic Disorders, Faculty of Medicine, Ss Cyril and Methodius University of Skopje, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia.
Iskra
I
Bitoska
University Clinic of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolic Disorders, Faculty of Medicine, Ss Cyril and Methodius University of Skopje, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia.
Branka
B
Krstevska
University Clinic of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolic Disorders, Faculty of Medicine, Ss Cyril and Methodius University of Skopje, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia.
Tatjana
T
Milenkovic
University Clinic of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolic Disorders, Faculty of Medicine, Ss Cyril and Methodius University of Skopje, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia.
Slavica
S
Subeska-Stratrova
University Clinic of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolic Disorders, Faculty of Medicine, Ss Cyril and Methodius University of Skopje, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia.
Goran
G
Petrovski
University Clinic of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolic Disorders, Faculty of Medicine, Ss Cyril and Methodius University of Skopje, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia.
Sasha Jovanovska
SJ
Mishevska
University Clinic of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolic Disorders, Faculty of Medicine, Ss Cyril and Methodius University of Skopje, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia.
Irfan
I
Ahmeti
University Clinic of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolic Disorders, Faculty of Medicine, Ss Cyril and Methodius University of Skopje, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia.
Biljana
B
Todorova
Diabetes mellitus; HOMA - IR; Hormone replacement therapy; Insulin resistance; Menopause