Prevalence and treatment of common mental disorders in the English national population, 1993-2007.
The National Psychiatric Morbidity Surveys include English cross-sectional household samples surveyed in 1993, 2000 and 2007.



To evaluate frequency of common mental disorders (CMDs), service contact and treatment.



Common mental disorders were identified with the Clinical Interview Schedule - Revised (CIS-R). Service contact and treatment were established in structured interviews.



There were 8615, 6126 and 5385 participants aged 16-64. Prevalence of CMDs was consistent (1993: 14.3%; 2000: 16.0%; 2007: 16.0%), as was past-year primary care physician contact for psychological problems (1993: 11.3%; 2000: 12.0%; 2007: 11.7%). Antidepressant receipt in people with CMDs more than doubled between 1993 (5.7%) and 2000 (14.5%), with little further increase by 2007 (15.9%). Psychological treatments increased in successive surveys. Many with CMDs received no treatment.



Reduction in prevalence did not follow increased treatment uptake, and may require universal public health measures together with individual pharmacological, psychological and computer-based interventions.
Nicola Spiers, PhD, Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK; Tarik Qassem, MD, Division of Mental Health and Well-being, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK, and Okasha Institute of Psychiatry, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt, and Black Country Partnership NHS Foundation Trust, West Bromwich, UK; Paul Bebbington, PhD, FRCP, FRCPsych, Division of Psychiatry, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, London, UK; Sally McManus, MSc, NatCen for Social Research, London, UK; Michael King, PhD, Division of Psychiatry, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, London, UK; Rachel Jenkins, FRCPsych, Institute of Psychiatry at Kings College, London, UK; Howard Meltzer (deceased), PhD, Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester; Traolach S. Brugha, FRCPsych, Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leciester; UK.
Nicola
N
Spiers
Nicola Spiers, PhD, Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK; Tarik Qassem, MD, Division of Mental Health and Well-being, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK, and Okasha Institute of Psychiatry, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt, and Black Country Partnership NHS Foundation Trust, West Bromwich, UK; Paul Bebbington, PhD, FRCP, FRCPsych, Division of Psychiatry, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, London, UK; Sally McManus, MSc, NatCen for Social Research, London, UK; Michael King, PhD, Division of Psychiatry, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, London, UK; Rachel Jenkins, FRCPsych, Institute of Psychiatry at Kings College, London, UK; Howard Meltzer (deceased), PhD, Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester; Traolach S. Brugha, FRCPsych, Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leciester; UK.
Tarik
T
Qassem
Nicola Spiers, PhD, Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK; Tarik Qassem, MD, Division of Mental Health and Well-being, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK, and Okasha Institute of Psychiatry, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt, and Black Country Partnership NHS Foundation Trust, West Bromwich, UK; Paul Bebbington, PhD, FRCP, FRCPsych, Division of Psychiatry, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, London, UK; Sally McManus, MSc, NatCen for Social Research, London, UK; Michael King, PhD, Division of Psychiatry, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, London, UK; Rachel Jenkins, FRCPsych, Institute of Psychiatry at Kings College, London, UK; Howard Meltzer (deceased), PhD, Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester; Traolach S. Brugha, FRCPsych, Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leciester; UK.
Paul
P
Bebbington
Nicola Spiers, PhD, Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK; Tarik Qassem, MD, Division of Mental Health and Well-being, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK, and Okasha Institute of Psychiatry, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt, and Black Country Partnership NHS Foundation Trust, West Bromwich, UK; Paul Bebbington, PhD, FRCP, FRCPsych, Division of Psychiatry, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, London, UK; Sally McManus, MSc, NatCen for Social Research, London, UK; Michael King, PhD, Division of Psychiatry, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, London, UK; Rachel Jenkins, FRCPsych, Institute of Psychiatry at Kings College, London, UK; Howard Meltzer (deceased), PhD, Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester; Traolach S. Brugha, FRCPsych, Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leciester; UK.
Sally
S
McManus
Nicola Spiers, PhD, Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK; Tarik Qassem, MD, Division of Mental Health and Well-being, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK, and Okasha Institute of Psychiatry, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt, and Black Country Partnership NHS Foundation Trust, West Bromwich, UK; Paul Bebbington, PhD, FRCP, FRCPsych, Division of Psychiatry, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, London, UK; Sally McManus, MSc, NatCen for Social Research, London, UK; Michael King, PhD, Division of Psychiatry, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, London, UK; Rachel Jenkins, FRCPsych, Institute of Psychiatry at Kings College, London, UK; Howard Meltzer (deceased), PhD, Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester; Traolach S. Brugha, FRCPsych, Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leciester; UK.
Michael
M
King
Nicola Spiers, PhD, Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK; Tarik Qassem, MD, Division of Mental Health and Well-being, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK, and Okasha Institute of Psychiatry, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt, and Black Country Partnership NHS Foundation Trust, West Bromwich, UK; Paul Bebbington, PhD, FRCP, FRCPsych, Division of Psychiatry, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, London, UK; Sally McManus, MSc, NatCen for Social Research, London, UK; Michael King, PhD, Division of Psychiatry, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, London, UK; Rachel Jenkins, FRCPsych, Institute of Psychiatry at Kings College, London, UK; Howard Meltzer (deceased), PhD, Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester; Traolach S. Brugha, FRCPsych, Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leciester; UK.
Rachel
R
Jenkins
Nicola Spiers, PhD, Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK; Tarik Qassem, MD, Division of Mental Health and Well-being, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK, and Okasha Institute of Psychiatry, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt, and Black Country Partnership NHS Foundation Trust, West Bromwich, UK; Paul Bebbington, PhD, FRCP, FRCPsych, Division of Psychiatry, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, London, UK; Sally McManus, MSc, NatCen for Social Research, London, UK; Michael King, PhD, Division of Psychiatry, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, London, UK; Rachel Jenkins, FRCPsych, Institute of Psychiatry at Kings College, London, UK; Howard Meltzer (deceased), PhD, Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester; Traolach S. Brugha, FRCPsych, Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leciester; UK.
Howard
H
Meltzer
Nicola Spiers, PhD, Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK; Tarik Qassem, MD, Division of Mental Health and Well-being, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK, and Okasha Institute of Psychiatry, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt, and Black Country Partnership NHS Foundation Trust, West Bromwich, UK; Paul Bebbington, PhD, FRCP, FRCPsych, Division of Psychiatry, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, London, UK; Sally McManus, MSc, NatCen for Social Research, London, UK; Michael King, PhD, Division of Psychiatry, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, London, UK; Rachel Jenkins, FRCPsych, Institute of Psychiatry at Kings College, London, UK; Howard Meltzer (deceased), PhD, Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester; Traolach S. Brugha, FRCPsych, Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leciester; UK tsb@le.ac.uk.
Traolach S
TS
Brugha
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D004739:England / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000628:therapy*; D008875:Middle Aged; D010342:Patient Acceptance of Health Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D015995:Prevalence; D055815:Young Adult