Morphological and elemental properties of urban aerosols among PM events and different traffic systems.
Morphology and elemental composition of individual fine ambient particles varied among types of PM events and between two different urban environments having different major transportation systems (gasoline/diesel vehicles versus motorcycles). Carbonaceous particles were the most dominant in PM events, whereas S-rich particles were the highest in non-events at urban Gwangju in Korea. The aged soot, semi-volatile organic (SVO), and non-volatile organic (NVO) particles were more abundant in the polluted-long range transport (LTP) event than those in the dust-LTP event and non-event. In the dust-LTP event, the aged mineral dust particles outnumbered the fresh ones, suggesting the mineral dust particles were aged during their long-range transport. At HoChiMinh (HCM) in Vietnam, the fraction of carbonaceous particles was much higher than Gwangju (66% versus 30%) possibly due to more abundant two-stroke motor vehicles at HCM. Of the carbonaceous particles, combustion soot (19%) was the highest, followed by NVO (18%), SVO (17%), and biological particles (11%) at HCM, whereas SVO (11%) and NVO (10%) particles were the highest, followed by combustion soot particles (8%) at Gwangju. The higher fraction of mineral dust particles was also observed at HCM, indicating the sampling site was influenced by dust from unpaved roads and construction sites.
National Leading Research Laboratory (Aerosol Technology and Monitoring Laboratory), School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), 261 Cheomdan-Gwagiro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 500-712, Republic of Korea.
Shila
S
Maskey
National Leading Research Laboratory (Aerosol Technology and Monitoring Laboratory), School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), 261 Cheomdan-Gwagiro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 500-712, Republic of Korea.
Hoseung
H
Chae
National Leading Research Laboratory (Aerosol Technology and Monitoring Laboratory), School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), 261 Cheomdan-Gwagiro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 500-712, Republic of Korea.
Kwangyul
K
Lee
Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, Ho Chi Minh (HCM) City University of Technology, HCM, Vietnam.
Nguyen Phuoc
NP
Dan
Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, Ho Chi Minh (HCM) City University of Technology, HCM, Vietnam.
Tran Tien
TT
Khoi
National Leading Research Laboratory (Aerosol Technology and Monitoring Laboratory), School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), 261 Cheomdan-Gwagiro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 500-712, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: kpark@gist.ac.kr.
Kihong
K
Park
Elemental composition; Long-range transport; Morphology; Motorcycles; PM(2.5)