Concurrent and longitudinal effects of maternal and paternal warmth on depression symptoms in children and adolescents.
The main aim of this study is to examine the concurrent and longitudinal effects of perceived affection of mothers and fathers separately on the self-reported symptoms of children's depression. Data were obtained from a 3-wave study of 535 families with children (41.3% boys) aged 9-15 years of age. Structural equation models were performed to test different models. Significant effects of mothers' and fathers' affection on depression symptomatology over the three years were found. The longitudinal effects of parental warmth on the child's depression symptoms were mediated over time by the previous levels of the mother's and father's warmth. The presence of parental warmth can lessen the severity of depression symptoms, especially when paternal and maternal warmth are applied consistently over a long period of time. These results were invariant across the child's sex. Treatments for childhood depression should take place over extended periods of time including both fathers and mothers.
Department of Personality, Assessment and Psychological Treatments, Spain; Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), Spain.
Victoria
V
Del Barrio
Department of Methodology of Behavioral Science, Spain; Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), Spain.
F Pablo
FP
Holgado-Tello
Department of Personality, Assessment and Psychological Treatments, Spain; Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), Spain. Electronic address: macarrasco@psi.uned.es.
Miguel A
MA
Carrasco
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000339:Affect; D002648:Child; D003863:Depression / Q000523:psychology*; D005220:Fathers / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D009035:Mothers / Q000523:psychology*; D010287:Parent-Child Relations; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013997:Time Factors
Children and adolescent depression; Parental affection and communication