Upstream regulators and downstream effectors of NF-κB in Alzheimer's disease.
Since Alzheimer's disease (AD) is becoming the prevalent dementia in the whole world, more underlying mechanisms are emerging. Long time has the transcription factor NF-κB been identified to participate in AD pathogenesis, various studies have focused on the causes and effects of AD that are linked to NF-κB. In this review we discuss diverse environmental stimuli including oxidative stress, neuroinflammation and metabolism, involved signaling pathways such as PI3K/AKT, MAPK and AGE/RAGE/GSK-3 and newly found ncRNAs that mediate neuron toxicity or neuron protection through NF-κB activation and the following response associated with the same factors in AD. These may provide future orientation of investigation at transcription level and support efficient treatment to AD by a better understanding of the upstream regulators and downstream effectors of NF-κB.
Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, 300070 Tianjin, China.
Zhe-Min
ZM
Shi
Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, 300070 Tianjin, China.
Ya-Wei
YW
Han
Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, 300070 Tianjin, China.
Xiao-Hui
XH
Han
Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, 300070 Tianjin, China.
Kun
K
Zhang
Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, 300070 Tianjin, China.
Ya-Nan
YN
Chang
Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, 300070 Tianjin, China.
Zhi-Mei
ZM
Hu
Department of Emergency Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 300052 Tianjin, China.
Hai-Xia
HX
Qi
Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, 300070 Tianjin, China.
Chen
C
Ting
Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, 300070 Tianjin, China.
Zhang
Z
Zhen
Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, 300070 Tianjin, China. Electronic address: hong_wei889@126.com.
Wei
W
Hong
D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D006801:Humans; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism*
D016328:NF-kappa B
AGE/RAGE/GSK-3; Alzheimer's disease; Aβ; MAPK; NF-κB; PI3K/AKT; ROS; TGF-β; TNF-α; microRNA