Simultaneous optical and electrical in vivo analysis of the enteric nervous system.
The enteric nervous system (ENS) is a major division of the nervous system and vital to the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and its communication with the rest of the body. Unlike the brain and spinal cord, relatively little is known about the ENS in part because of the inability to directly monitor its activity in live animals. Here, we integrate a transparent graphene sensor with a customized abdominal window for simultaneous optical and electrical recording of the ENS in vivo. The implanted device captures ENS responses to neurotransmitters, drugs and optogenetic manipulation in real time.
School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA.
Nikolai
N
Rakhilin
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA.|Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA.
Bradley
B
Barth
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA.
Jiahn
J
Choi
School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA.
Nini L
NL
Muñoz
Center for Neurogastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA.
Subhash
S
Kulkarni
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA.
Jason S
JS
Jones
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA.
David M
DM
Small
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA.
Yu-Ting
YT
Cheng
School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA.
Yingqiu
Y
Cao
Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Department of Neurosurgery, Center for Sensory Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA.
Colleen
C
LaVinka
School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA.
Edwin
E
Kan
Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Department of Neurosurgery, Center for Sensory Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA.|Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland 20815, USA.
Xinzhong
X
Dong
School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA.
Michael
M
Spencer
Center for Neurogastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA.
Pankaj
P
Pasricha
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA.
Nozomi
N
Nishimura
School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA.|Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA.|Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA.
Xiling
X
Shen
D000005:Abdomen / Q000601:surgery; D000818:Animals; D004566:Electrodes; D055724:Electrophysiological Phenomena; D017615:Enteric Nervous System / Q000502:physiology*; D005453:Fluorescence; D006108:Graphite / Q000737:chemistry; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D051379:Mice; D036641:Microscopy, Fluorescence, Multiphoton; D055620:Optical Phenomena
D006108:Graphite