The personal experience of living with chronic heart failure: a qualitative meta-synthesis of the literature.
OBJECTIVE
To determine, from a systematic literature review, the experience of living with heart failure and to propose some practice guidelines and research questions.


BACKGROUND
Chronic heart failure has been one of the fastest growing illnesses in recent decades, with almost 23 million people affected worldwide. This complex syndrome has multiple causes and appears when underlying heart disease is advanced. Currently, heart failure has no cure and leads to a significant deterioration in patients' quality of life.


METHODS
Qualitative meta-synthesis.


METHODS
A qualitative meta-synthesis was conducted to extract and analyse qualitative research from the Cochrane, PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Web of Science and Cuiden databases. Snowball sampling and a manual search were performed to identify other relevant studies.


RESULTS
Twenty-five qualitative studies were selected. The findings indicate that there are three main themes that describe the phenomenon. The first theme refers to the experiences related to the beginning of the process. The second theme is connected with the effects on the person: physical, emotional, social and spiritual changes. The third theme is linked with how to live with heart failure despite the illness, including the adjustment and coping process and how external resources can help them to manage.


CONCLUSIONS
Heart failure has a major impact on the entire person, but some areas have not been addressed. By creating new tools to understand and evaluate the impact of this illness and interventions that prevent or improve some situations, we can promote the well-being and the quality of life of this population.


CONCLUSIONS
Nurses must have a personal knowledge of the experiences and needs of the patients. To do this, nurses should create care environments that promote an exchange of experiences and knowledge between the nurse and the patient and family.
Faculty of Nursing, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain. molizarraga@unav.es.
Maddi
M
Olano-Lizarraga
Faculty of Nursing, University of Navarra, Navarra's Health Research Institute (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain.
Cristina
C
Oroviogoicoechea
Faculty of Nursing, University of Navarra, Navarra's Health Research Institute (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain.
Begoña
B
Errasti-Ibarrondo
Faculty of Nursing, University of Navarra, Navarra's Health Research Institute (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain.
Maribel
M
Saracíbar-Razquin
D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D002908:Chronic Disease; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000451:nursing / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D011788:Quality of Life
chronic heart failure; experience; living with; meta-synthesis; qualitative systematic review