Thrombin generation assay in untreated whole human blood.
Present coagulation assays fail to detect mild coagulation disorders, while thrombin-generation (TG) assays solve this problem. However, most of them only work with threated blood samples, which makes them labor intensive, time consuming, unreliable, and expensive. We have developed a TG electrophoretic assay that uses a thrombin specific charge-changing fluorescent peptide substrate, electrophoretic separation, and requires a drop of blood. The limit of detection of the assay was 1.97 nM in phosphate buffer saline and 6.82 nM in citrated whole blood. The assay was used to determine the TG in whole blood from healthy volunteers (n = 6, one aspirin user), over 30 min, after the blood was drawn; the TG increased from a baseline level of 2 × 10(6) RFU to 1.2 × 10(13) RFU. The lag time between the blood draw and initial burst of TG was 6 min for the volunteers (n = 5) and 15 min for the aspirin user. Specificity of the assay was evaluated by reacting our substrate with the heparinized blood samples and other proteases. The TG electrophoretic assay was designed and tested in the whole human blood, requiring no sample preparation, 5 μL of blood, 45 min, and it detected differences in coagulation patterns between a volunteer taking aspirin and non-aspirin users.
Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Augusta
A
Modestino
Department of Nanoengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Matthew
M
Tyndall
Department of Nanoengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Johnson
J
Yu
Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Roy B
RB
Lefkowitz
Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Geert W
GW
Schmid-Schönbein
Department of Nanoengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.|Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Michael J
MJ
Heller
D001241:Aspirin / Q000494:pharmacology; D001777:Blood Coagulation / Q000187:drug effects; D001780:Blood Coagulation Tests / Q000379:methods*; D004586:Electrophoresis / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D057230:Limit of Detection; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013918:Thrombin Time
D001241:Aspirin
Charge-changing substrates; Electrophoresis; Protease; Thrombin; Whole-blood assay