Sympathetic innervation of the kidney in health and disease: Emphasis on the role of purinergic cotransmission.
There is introductory information about non-synaptic transmission at sympathetic neuroeffector junctions and sympathetic nerve cotransmission utilizing noradrenaline and ATP as cotransmitters. Then the organzation and location of sympathetic nerves in different sites in the kidney are described, including renal arteries, juxtaglomerular arterioles and renal tubules. Sympathetic nervous control of glomerular filtration rate and of renin secretion are discussed. Evidence, obtained largely from experiments on animals, for sympathetic nerve modulation of the transport of water, sodium and other ions in the collecting duct of the nephron is described. Finally, there is coverage of the roles of sympathetic nerves in renal diseases, including hypertension, diabetes, hypothyroidism and ischaemia.
Autonomic Neuroscience Centre, University College Medical School, Rowland Hill, Street, London NW3 2PF, UK; Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, The University of Melbourne, Australia. Electronic address: g.burnstock@ucl.ac.uk.
Geoffrey
G
Burnstock
Division of Medicine, Royal Free Campus, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University College London, Rowland Hill Street, London NW3 2P, UK.
Andrzej
A
Loesch
D000818:Animals; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000294:innervation* / Q000378:metabolism*; D011983:Receptors, Purinergic / Q000378:metabolism; D013564:Sympathetic Nervous System / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology*
D011983:Receptors, Purinergic
ATP; Collecting duct; Diabetes; Hypertension; Noradrenaline; Renin