Nutrition in Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease: From Etiology to Treatment. A Systematic Review.
Nutrition is involved in several aspects of pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), ranging from disease etiology to induction and maintenance of disease. With regards to etiology, there are pediatric data, mainly from case-control studies, which suggest that some dietary habits (for example consumption of animal protein, fatty foods, high sugar intake) may predispose patients to IBD onset. As for disease treatment, exclusive enteral nutrition (EEN) is an extensively studied, well established, and valid approach to the remission of pediatric Crohn's disease (CD). Apart from EEN, several new nutritional approaches are emerging and have proved to be successful (specific carbohydrate diet and CD exclusion diet) but the available evidence is not strong enough to recommend this kind of intervention in clinical practice and new large experimental controlled studies are needed, especially in the pediatric population. Moreover, efforts are being made to identify foods with anti-inflammatory properties such as curcumin and long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids n-3, which can possibly be effective in maintenance of disease. The present systematic review aims at reviewing the scientific literature on all aspects of nutrition in pediatric IBD, including the most recent advances on nutritional therapy.
Pediatric Department, "V. Buzzi" Children's Hospital, University of Milan, Via Castelvetro 32, 20154 Milan, Italy. Francesca.Penagini@unimi.it.
Francesca
F
Penagini
Pediatric Department, "V. Buzzi" Children's Hospital, University of Milan, Via Castelvetro 32, 20154 Milan, Italy. dario.dilillo@icp.mi.it.
Dario
D
Dilillo
Pediatric Department, "V. Buzzi" Children's Hospital, University of Milan, Via Castelvetro 32, 20154 Milan, Italy. barbara.borsani1@gmail.com.
Barbara
B
Borsani
Pediatric Department, "V. Buzzi" Children's Hospital, University of Milan, Via Castelvetro 32, 20154 Milan, Italy. lucia.cococcioni@gmail.com.
Lucia
L
Cococcioni
Pediatric Department, "V. Buzzi" Children's Hospital, University of Milan, Via Castelvetro 32, 20154 Milan, Italy. egsorridi@gmail.com.
Erica
E
Galli
Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Liver Research Center, Basovizza, 34012 Trieste, Italy. giorgiobedogni@gmail.com.
Giorgio
G
Bedogni
Pediatric Department, "V. Buzzi" Children's Hospital, University of Milan, Via Castelvetro 32, 20154 Milan, Italy. giovanna.zuin@icp.mi.it.
Giovanna
G
Zuin
Pediatric Department, "V. Buzzi" Children's Hospital, University of Milan, Via Castelvetro 32, 20154 Milan, Italy. gianvincenzo.zuccotti@unimi.it.
Gian Vincenzo
GV
Zuccotti
D002648:Child; D004032:Diet / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004750:Enteral Nutrition; D006801:Humans; D015212:Inflammatory Bowel Diseases / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000209:etiology*
children; etiology; inflammatory bowel disease; nutrition; treatment