High prevalence of chronic kidney disease in a semi-urban population of Western India.
BACKGROUND
Globally there is an increase in incidence of chronic kidney diseases (CKDs). Diabetes mellitus (DM), hypertension and stone diseases are the major risk factors for CKD. We organized kidney disease screening camps in a semi-urban population of Gujarat, India on the occasion of World Kidney Day (WKD).


METHODS
Voluntary participants from six towns were screened. Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was calculated by the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease formula and CKD was defined as an eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m(2) or albuminuria ≥1+. Urogenital ultrasonography was performed with emphasis on stone burden. Participants with known diabetes, stone diseases, hypertension, kidney/liver/cardiac disease, hepatitis, HIV, transplant recipients, pregnant women and those <18 years were excluded from the study.


RESULTS
Of the 2350 participants (1438 men), CKD was found in 20.93% and eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m(2) was noted in 8.29% of participants. The prevalence of CKD peaked after the seventh decade of life in both genders. There was no significant difference in the prevalence of CKD between coastal and non-coastal regions, however, obesity, hypertension and diabetes were more common in the coastal belt, whereas stone burden was greater in the non-coastal region.


CONCLUSIONS
The prevalence of CKD in a semi-urban apparently healthy Indian population was higher than the reported prevalence in developed countries. Significant differences between regions point to the need to evaluate and correctregion-specific risk factors.
Department of Nephrology and Clinical Transplantation , G. R. Doshi and K. M. Mehta Institute of Kidney Diseases & Research Centre and Dr H L Trivedi Institute of Transplantation Sciences , Ahmedabad, Gujarat , India.
Hargovind
H
Trivedi
Department of Pathology, Laboratory Medicine and Transfusion Services, and Immunohematology , G. R. Doshi and K. M. Mehta Institute of Kidney Diseases & Research Centre and Dr H L Trivedi Institute of Transplantation Sciences , Ahmedabad, Gujarat , India.
Aruna
A
Vanikar
Department of Nephrology and Clinical Transplantation , G. R. Doshi and K. M. Mehta Institute of Kidney Diseases & Research Centre and Dr H L Trivedi Institute of Transplantation Sciences , Ahmedabad, Gujarat , India.
Himanshu
H
Patel
Department of Pathology, Laboratory Medicine and Transfusion Services, and Immunohematology , G. R. Doshi and K. M. Mehta Institute of Kidney Diseases & Research Centre and Dr H L Trivedi Institute of Transplantation Sciences , Ahmedabad, Gujarat , India.
Kamal
K
Kanodia
Department of Nephrology , IKDRC-ITS Ahmedabad India , Ahmedabad, Gujarat , India.
Vivek
V
Kute
Department of Pathology, Laboratory Medicine and Transfusion Services, and Immunohematology , G. R. Doshi and K. M. Mehta Institute of Kidney Diseases & Research Centre and Dr H L Trivedi Institute of Transplantation Sciences , Ahmedabad, Gujarat , India.
Lovelesh
L
Nigam
Department of Pathology, Laboratory Medicine and Transfusion Services, and Immunohematology , G. R. Doshi and K. M. Mehta Institute of Kidney Diseases & Research Centre and Dr H L Trivedi Institute of Transplantation Sciences , Ahmedabad, Gujarat , India.
Kamlesh
K
Suthar
Department of Regenerative Medicine , G. R. Doshi and K. M. Mehta Institute of Kidney Diseases & Research Centre and Dr H L Trivedi Institute of Transplantation Sciences , Ahmedabad, Gujarat , India.
Umang
U
Thakkar
Department of Radiology , G. R. Doshi and K. M. Mehta Institute of Kidney Diseases & Research Centre and Dr H L Trivedi Institute of Transplantation Sciences , Ahmedabad, Gujarat , India.
Harsh
H
Sutariya
Department of Radiology , G. R. Doshi and K. M. Mehta Institute of Kidney Diseases & Research Centre and Dr H L Trivedi Institute of Transplantation Sciences , Ahmedabad, Gujarat , India.
Shruti
S
Gandhi
chronic kidney disease; diabetes; hypertension; prevalence; stone burden