Hepatoprotective and Immunosuppressive Effect of Synedrella nodiflora L. on Carbon Tetrachloride (CCl4)-Intoxicated Rats.
Synedrella nodiflora is a medicinal plant that is used by the natives of Sabah, Malaysia to treat rheumatism and several other ailments. This study aims to evaluate the ability of the crude aqueous extract of S. nodiflora leaves to protect against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-mediated hepatic injury in rats. S. nodiflora aqueous extract was orally administered to adult Sprague Dawley rats once daily for 14 days (150 and 300 mg/kg body weight [b.w.]) before CCl4 oral treatment (1.0 mL/kg b.w.) on the 13th and 14th days. Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), hepatic antioxidant enzymes, and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were estimated. Immunohistochemistry was performed for oxidative stress markers (4-hydroxynonenal [HNE], 8-hydroxy-deoxyguanosine [8-OHdG]) and proinflammatory markers (tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, prostaglandin E2). Biochemical, immunohistochemical, histological, and ultrastructural findings were in agreement to support the hepatoprotective effect of S. nodiflora against CCl4-mediated oxidative hepatic damage. Hepatoprotective effects of S. nodiflora might be attributable to the presence of phenolic antioxidants and their free radical scavenging property.
Biotechnology Research Institute, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, 88400 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia.
Charles
C
Gnanaraj
Biotechnology Research Institute, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, 88400 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia.
Muhammad Dawood
MD
Shah
University Kuala Lumpur, Royal College of Medicine Perak, Jalan Greentown, 30450 Ipoh, Malaysia.
A T M Emdadul
AT
Haque
Department of Pathology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Jalan Penampang, 88200 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia.
Jaafar Sadeq
JS
Makki
Biotechnology Research Institute, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, 88400 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia.
Mohammad
M
Iqbal
D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D019659:Asteraceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D002251:Carbon Tetrachloride / Q000633:toxicity*; D005260:Female; D007108:Immune Tolerance / Q000187:drug effects*; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry; D010946:Plants, Medicinal / Q000737:chemistry; D020011:Protective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D010936:Plant Extracts; D020011:Protective Agents; D002251:Carbon Tetrachloride