Broiler chicks with slow-feathering (K) or rapid-feathering (k+) genes: Effects of environmental stressors on physiological adaptive indicators up to 56 h posthatch.
Two experiments were conducted to examine the effects on the physiological responses of slow-feathering (K) and rapid-feathering (k(+)) genes in neonate broiler chicks subjected to posthatch fasting (PHF). In the first experiment, 300 Ross 308 chicks were denied access to feed and water for 0, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, 49, and 56 h posthatch. In the second experiment, 625 Ross 308 chicks were subjected to PHF for 0, 12, 24, 36, and 48 h. In experiment 1, the weight loss rate increased over 56 h PHF and did not differ between fast- and slow-feathering chicks up to 28 h posthatch but was greater (P < 0.05) in fast-feathering birds from 28 to 56 h posthatch. The fast-feathering genotypes demonstrated greater serum K levels following 7, 21, and 56 h (P < 0.05) and serum uric acid (UA) levels after 7, 21, 28, 49, and 56 h PHF (P < 0.01). In experiment 2, weight loss increased linearly with no difference between fast- and slow-feathering chicks through 36 h PHF but increased in fast-feathering birds when PHF continued for 48 h. Neonatal fasting periods of 12 to 48 h decreased breast and thigh percentage (P < 0.01), with no difference between feathering genotypes. The fast-feathering genotypes showed greater serum HDL levels at 24 h (P < 0.05) and greater serum UA concentration following 12, 36, and 48 h PHF (P < 0.05). The mean frequency of jumping (P < 0.01) and active wakefulness (P > 0.01) was increased as PHF continued from 12 to 48 h across genotypes. At 48 h, the fast-feathering chicks showed greater frequency of escape attempts from the test field (P < 0.01). It was concluded that slow-feathering chicks are more capable of withstanding PHF periods lasting more than 28 h. This is important to consider when day-old chicks are transported for extended periods without access to feed.
Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Lorestan University, Khorramabad 68137-17133, P.B. 465, Lorestan, Iran khosravi_fafa@yahoo.com.
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Khosravinia
Department of Animal Science, Malayer University, 65719-95863, Malayer Iran.
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Manafi
D000222:Adaptation, Physiological / Q000235:genetics; D000367:Age Factors; D000818:Animals; D002645:Chickens / Q000235:genetics* / Q000254:growth & development; D005241:Feathers / Q000254:growth & development*; D005260:Female; D005508:Food Deprivation / Q000502:physiology; D005796:Genes / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D013312:Stress, Physiological / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology
early fasting; neonate chick; physiological response; sex-linked feathering