Emerging targets for treating sulfur mustard-induced injuries.
Sulfur mustard (SM; bis-(2-chlororethyl) sulfide) is a highly reactive, potent warfare agent that has recently reemerged as a major threat to military and civilians. Exposure to SM is often fatal, primarily due to pulmonary injuries and complications caused by its inhalation. Profound inflammation, hypercoagulation, and oxidative stress are the hallmarks that define SM-induced pulmonary toxicities. Despite advances, effective therapies are still limited. This current review focuses on inflammatory and coagulation pathways that influence the airway pathophysiology of SM poisoning and highlights the complexity of developing an effective therapeutic target.
Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Division of Molecular and Translational Biomedicine, School of Medicine, the University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, Alabama.
Shama
S
Ahmad
Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Division of Molecular and Translational Biomedicine, School of Medicine, the University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, Alabama.
Aftab
A
Ahmad
D000818:Animals; D001777:Blood Coagulation / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000473:pathology; D008954:Models, Biological; D058990:Molecular Targeted Therapy; D009151:Mustard Gas / Q000737:chemistry / Q000506:poisoning / Q000633:toxicity*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects
D009151:Mustard Gas
coagulation; extracellular RNA; inflammation; pulmonary; sulfur mustard