Removal of pesticides from white and red wines by microfiltration.
The aim of this work is the investigation of microfiltration in removing pesticides from a white and a red Greek wine. Six membranes with pore size 0.45μm were investigated. Two mixtures of 23 and 9 pesticides, and single pesticide solutions were added in the wine. The pesticides tested belong to 11 chemical groups. Solid phase extraction (SPE) followed by gas chromatography (GC) with electron capture detector (ECD) were performed to analyze pesticide residues of the filtered fortified wine. Distinct behavior was exhibited by each membrane. Cellulose acetate and cellulose nitrate showed higher mean pesticide removal for both wines, followed by polyethersulfone, regenerated cellulose, and polyamides. The filtration effectiveness was correlated to the membrane type and to the pesticide chemical structure and properties (octanol-water partition coefficient, water solubility) and compared for the wines tested. In most cases, the more hydrophobic pesticides (pyrethroids and aldrin) showed higher removal from red wine than white wine. Adsorption on membranes was increased by increasing hydrophobicity and decreasing hydrophilicity of organic pesticide molecule. The removal of each pesticide from its single solution was generally higher than that from its mixtures, allowing the estimation of the antagonistic and synergistic effects of pesticides in the mixtures.
Laboratory of Organic Chemical Technology, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Zografou Campus, 9 Iroon Politechniou, GR-15780 Athens, Greece. Electronic address: ntoulia@mail.ntua.gr.
Danae S
DS
Doulia
Laboratory of Organic Chemical Technology, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Zografou Campus, 9 Iroon Politechniou, GR-15780 Athens, Greece.
Efstathios K
EK
Anagnos
Pesticide Residue Laboratory, Benaki Phytopathological Institute, 7 Ekalis Str., Kiphissia, Athens GR-14561, Greece.
Konstantinos S
KS
Liapis
Laboratory of Organic Chemical Technology, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Zografou Campus, 9 Iroon Politechniou, GR-15780 Athens, Greece.
Demetrios A
DA
Klimentzos
D002849:Chromatography, Gas; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D008851:Micropore Filters; D010575:Pesticides / Q000032:analysis*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D052616:Solid Phase Extraction; D014920:Wine / Q000032:analysis* / Q000592:standards
D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D010575:Pesticides
Antagonism-synergism; Microfiltration; Multiresidual analysis; Pesticide removal; Wine