Fragrances as new contaminants in the Venice lagoon.
Fragrance Materials (FMs) are omnipresent components of household and Personal Care Products (PCPs). In spite of their widespread use, little is known about their environmental occurrence. We selected 17 among the longest-lasting and most stable fragrance ingredients that are commercially available, namely: Amberketal, Ambrofix, Amyl Salicylate, Benzyl Salicylate, Bourgeonal, Dupical, Hexyl Salicylate, Isobutavan, Lemonile, Mefranal, Myraldene, Okoumal, Oranger Crystals, Pelargene, Peonile, Tridecene-2-Nitrile, Ultravanil. A new analytical method was developed to quantify FMs in water samples and it was applied to perform the first study about the distribution of these compounds in the surface waters of the city of Venice and its lagoon. Total FMs concentrations range from about 30ngL(-1) to more than 10μgL(-1) in polluted canals during the low tide. Sewage discharges were supposed to be the main sources of the selected FMs in the environment. Salicylates, oestrogenic and allergenic compounds, were in general the most abundant and widespread components. This study reports for the first time the detection of most of the selected FMs in surface waters and represent the first step to understand their environmental fate.
Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics (DAIS), Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172, Venezia-Mestre, Venice, Italy. Electronic address: vecchiato@unive.it.
Marco
M
Vecchiato
Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics (DAIS), Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172, Venezia-Mestre, Venice, Italy.
Simone
S
Cremonese
Institute for the Dynamics of Environmental Processes (IDPA-CNR), Via Torino 155, 30172, Venezia-Mestre, Venice, Italy.
Elena
E
Gregoris
Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics (DAIS), Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172, Venezia-Mestre, Venice, Italy.
Elena
E
Barbaro
Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics (DAIS), Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172, Venezia-Mestre, Venice, Italy; Institute for the Dynamics of Environmental Processes (IDPA-CNR), Via Torino 155, 30172, Venezia-Mestre, Venice, Italy.
Andrea
A
Gambaro
Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics (DAIS), Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172, Venezia-Mestre, Venice, Italy; Institute for the Dynamics of Environmental Processes (IDPA-CNR), Via Torino 155, 30172, Venezia-Mestre, Venice, Italy.
Carlo
C
Barbante
D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D063366:Estuaries; D007558:Italy; D010476:Perfume / Q000032:analysis*; D012623:Seawater / Q000032:analysis*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*
D010476:Perfume; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical
Fragrance materials (FMs); Personal care products (PCPs); Venice; Water