Sequential assessment via daphnia and zebrafish for systematic toxicity screening of heterogeneous substances.
Environment and organisms are persistently exposed by a mixture of various substances. However, the current evaluation method is mostly based on an individual substance's toxicity. A systematic toxicity evaluation of heterogeneous substances needs to be established. To demonstrate toxicity assessment of mixture, we chose a group of three typical ingredients in cosmetic sunscreen products that frequently enters ecosystems: benzophenone-3 (BP-3), ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate (EHMC), and titanium dioxide nanoparticle (TiO2 NP). We first determined a range of nominal toxic concentration of each ingredient or substance using Daphnia magna, and then for the subsequent organismal level phenotypic assessment, chose the wild-type zebrafish embryos. Any phenotype change, such as body deformation, led to further examinations on the specific organs of transgenic zebrafish embryos. Based on the systematic toxicity assessments of the heterogeneous substances, we offer a sequential environmental toxicity assessment protocol that starts off by utilizing Daphnia magna to determine a nominal concentration range of each substance and finishes by utilizing the zebrafish embryos to detect defects on the embryos caused by the heterogeneous substances. The protocol showed additive toxic effects of the mixtures. We propose a sequential environmental toxicity assessment protocol for the systematic toxicity screening of heterogeneous substances from Daphnia magna to zebrafish embryo in-vivo models.
Center for Biomaterials, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: doruko83@gmail.com.
Gun Hyuk
GH
Jang
Environmental Safety Group, Korea Institute of Science and Technology Europe (KIST Europe), Saarbruecken 66123, Germany. Electronic address: cb.park@kist-europe.de.
Chang-Beom
CB
Park
Center for Biomaterials, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: bkang0322@gmail.com.
Benedict J
BJ
Kang
Environmental Safety Group, Korea Institute of Science and Technology Europe (KIST Europe), Saarbruecken 66123, Germany. Electronic address: youngjunkim@kist-europe.de.
Young Jun
YJ
Kim
Center for Biomaterials, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: kwanhyi@kist.re.kr.
Kwan Hyi
KH
Lee
D000818:Animals; D001577:Benzophenones / Q000633:toxicity; D002934:Cinnamates / Q000633:toxicity; D003621:Daphnia / Q000187:drug effects*; D004625:Embryo, Nonmammalian / Q000187:drug effects*; D047108:Embryonic Development / Q000187:drug effects; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000633:toxicity; D013473:Sunscreening Agents / Q000633:toxicity*; D014025:Titanium / Q000633:toxicity; D018675:Toxicity Tests; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000633:toxicity*; D015027:Zebrafish / Q000196:embryology*
D001577:Benzophenones; D002934:Cinnamates; D013473:Sunscreening Agents; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C516303:ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate; C009495:titanium dioxide; C005290:oxybenzone; D014025:Titanium
Daphnia magna; Heterogeneous substance; Sequential environmental toxicity assessment; UV-filter substances; Zebrafish embryo