Female chromosome X mosaicism is age-related and preferentially affects the inactivated X chromosome.
To investigate large structural clonal mosaicism of chromosome X, we analysed the SNP microarray intensity data of 38,303 women from cancer genome-wide association studies (20,878 cases and 17,425 controls) and detected 124 mosaic X events >2 Mb in 97 (0.25%) women. Here we show rates for X-chromosome mosaicism are four times higher than mean autosomal rates; X mosaic events more often include the entire chromosome and participants with X events more likely harbour autosomal mosaic events. X mosaicism frequency increases with age (0.11% in 50-year olds; 0.45% in 75-year olds), as reported for Y and autosomes. Methylation array analyses of 33 women with X mosaicism indicate events preferentially involve the inactive X chromosome. Our results provide further evidence that the sex chromosomes undergo mosaic events more frequently than autosomes, which could have implications for understanding the underlying mechanisms of mosaic events and their possible contribution to risk for chronic diseases.
Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
Mitchell J
0000-0001-6538-9705
MJ
Machiela
Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.|Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
Weiyin
W
Zhou
Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.|Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
Eric
E
Karlins
Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
Joshua N
JN
Sampson
Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
Neal D
ND
Freedman
Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.|Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
Qi
Q
Yang
Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.|Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
Belynda
0000-0001-8014-4888
B
Hicks
Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.|Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
Casey
0000-0001-7334-4718
C
Dagnall
Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.|Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
Christopher
C
Hautman
Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.|Bioinformed, LLC, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20877, USA.
Kevin B
KB
Jacobs
Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
Christian C
CC
Abnet
Department of Thoracic Surgery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA.|Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA.
Melinda C
MC
Aldrich
Department of Epidemiology, Division of Cancer Prevention and Population Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.
Christopher
C
Amos
Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
Laufey T
LT
Amundadottir
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016, USA.|Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016, USA.|New York University Cancer Institute, New York, New York 10016, USA.
Alan A
AA
Arslan
Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
Laura E
LE
Beane-Freeman
Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
Sonja I
SI
Berndt
Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
Amanda
A
Black
Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA.|International Epidemiology Institute, Rockville, Maryland 20850, USA.
William J
WJ
Blot
Karmanos Cancer Institute and Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan 48201, USA.
Cathryn H
CH
Bock
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, USA.
Paige M
PM
Bracci
Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
Louise A
LA
Brinton
Department for Determinants of Chronic Diseases (DCD), National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), 3721 Bilthoven, The Netherlands.|Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands.|Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK.|Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia.
H Bas
HB
Bueno-de-Mesquita
Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.|Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
Laurie
L
Burdett
Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
Julie E
JE
Buring
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226, USA.
Mary A
MA
Butler
Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
Federico
0000-0002-4261-4583
F
Canzian
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226, USA.
Tania
T
Carreón
Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA.
Kari G
0000-0002-7313-1875
KG
Chaffee
National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan 35053, Taiwan.
I-Shou
IS
Chang
Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
Nilanjan
N
Chatterjee
Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA.
Chu
C
Chen
Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
Constance
C
Chen
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300040, China.
Kexin
K
Chen
Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.|Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
Charles C
CC
Chung
University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USA.
Linda S
LS
Cook
Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.|Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
Marta
M
Crous Bou
Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.|Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
Michael
M
Cullen
Department of Public Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2R3.
Faith G
FG
Davis
Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.|Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
Immaculata
I
De Vivo
Shanxi Cancer Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030013, China.
Ti
T
Ding
Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, New Hampshire 03755, USA.
Jennifer
J
Doherty
Unit of Nutrition and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO-IDIBELL), 08908 Barcelona, Spain.
Eric J
EJ
Duell
Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
Caroline G
CG
Epstein
Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai 200032, China.
Jin-Hu
JH
Fan
Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
Jonine D
JD
Figueroa
Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
Joseph F
JF
Fraumeni
Department of Population Health Research, Cancer Control Alberta, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 2T9.
Christine M
CM
Friedenreich
Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.|Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA.
Charles S
CS
Fuchs
Fred A Litwin Centre for Cancer Genetics, Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1X5.
Steven
S
Gallinger
Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotaong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China.
Yu-Tang
YT
Gao
Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, USA.
Susan M
SM
Gapstur
Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, and Breakthrough Breast Cancer Centre, Institute for Cancer Research, London SM2 5NG, UK.
Montserrat
M
Garcia-Closas
Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, USA.
Mia M
MM
Gaudet
Divisions of Preventive Medicine and Aging, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.|Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center/VA Cooperative Studies Programs, Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts 02130, USA.
J Michael
JM
Gaziano
Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria &Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia.
Graham G
GG
Giles
Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
Elizabeth M
EM
Gillanders
Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.|Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
Edward L
EL
Giovannucci
Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
Lynn
L
Goldin
Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
Alisa M
AM
Goldstein
Department of Preventive Medicine, Biostatistics Division, Keck School of Medicine at the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033, USA.
Christopher A
CA
Haiman
Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine/Nutritional Research, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden.
Goran
G
Hallmans
Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.|Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Massachusetts School of Public Health and Health Sciences, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA.
Susan E
SE
Hankinson
Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
Curtis C
CC
Harris
Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden.
Roger
R
Henriksson
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, USA.
Elizabeth A
EA
Holly
Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea.
Yun-Chul
YC
Hong
Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
Robert N
RN
Hoover
Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan 35053, Taiwan.
Chao A
CA
Hsiung
Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
Nan
N
Hu
Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
Wei
W
Hu
Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.|Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.|Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA.
David J
DJ
Hunter
Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.|Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
Amy
A
Hutchinson
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC-WHO), 69372 Lyon, France.
Mazda
M
Jenab
Oncology, Finsen Centre, Rigshospitalet, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.|Unit of Survivorship Research, The Danish Cancer Society Research Centre, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
Christoffer
C
Johansen
School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, UK.
Kay-Tee
KT
Khaw
Center for Creative Biomedical Scientists, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea.
Hee Nam
HN
Kim
Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Oncology/Hematology, College of Medicine, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea.
Yeul Hong
YH
Kim
Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea.
Young Tae
YT
Kim
Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, USA.
Alison P
AP
Klein
Program in Cancer Biology and Genetics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, 10065, USA.
Robert
R
Klein
Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore.|Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore.
Woon-Puay
WP
Koh
Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii 96813, USA.
Laurence N
LN
Kolonel
Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA.
Charles
C
Kooperberg
Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
Peter
P
Kraft
Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milano 20133, Italy.
Vittorio
V
Krogh
Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA.
Robert C
RC
Kurtz
Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA.
Andrea
A
LaCroix
Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
Qing
Q
Lan
Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
Maria Teresa
MT
Landi
Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii 96813, USA.
Loic Le
LL
Marchand
Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.
Donghui
D
Li
Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA.
Xiaolin
X
Liang
Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
Linda M
LM
Liao
Department of Etiology &Carcinogenesis, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China.|State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China.
Dongxin
D
Lin
Department of Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore 138672, Singapore.|School of Life Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China.
Jianjun
J
Liu
Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Warsaw 02-781, Poland.
Jolanta
J
Lissowska
Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, USA.
Lingeng
L
Lu
H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida 33612, USA.
Anthony M
AM
Magliocco
Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid 28029, Spain.
Nuria
N
Malats
Division of Molecular Medicine, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya 464-8681, Japan.
Keitaro
0000-0003-1761-6314
K
Matsuo
Department of Health Disparities Research, Division of OVP, Cancer Prevention and Population Sciences, and Center for Community-Engaged Translational Research, Duncan Family Institute, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.
Lorna H
LH
McNeill
Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA.
Robert R
RR
McWilliams
Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden.
Beatrice S
BS
Melin
Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
Lisa
L
Mirabello
Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
Lee
L
Moore
Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA.
Sara H
SH
Olson
Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA.
Irene
I
Orlow
Lung Cancer Center, Kyungpook National University Medical Center, Daegu 101, Republic of Korea.
Jae Yong
JY
Park
Department of Pediatrics, University Clinic of Navarra, Universidad de Navarra, IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona 31080, Spain.
Ana
A
Patiño-Garcia
Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, Lodz 91-348, Poland.
Beata
B
Peplonska
Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA.
Ulrike
U
Peters
Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA.
Gloria M
GM
Petersen
University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90007, USA.
Loreall
L
Pooler
Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.|Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
Jennifer
J
Prescott
Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
Ludmila
L
Prokunina-Olsson
Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
Mark P
MP
Purdue
Department of Epidemiology, Cancer Institute (Hospital), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China.
You-Lin
YL
Qiao
Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
Preetha
P
Rajaraman
Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid 28029, Spain.|Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona 08002, Spain.
Francisco X
FX
Real
Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK.
Elio
E
Riboli
Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, USA.
Harvey A
HA
Risch
Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona 08002, Spain.|Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Barcelona, 28029, Spain.|Quantitative Genomic Medicine Laboratory, qGenomics, Barcelona 08003, Spain.
Benjamin
B
Rodriguez-Santiago
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226, USA.
Avima M
AM
Ruder
Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
Sharon A
0000-0001-6006-0740
SA
Savage
Department of Preventive Medicine, Biostatistics Division, Keck School of Medicine at the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033, USA.
Fredrick
F
Schumacher
Karmanos Cancer Institute and Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan 48201, USA.
Ann G
AG
Schwartz
Karmanos Cancer Institute and Department of Family Medicine and Public Health Sciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan 48201, USA.
Kendra L
KL
Schwartz
Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore.
Adeline
A
Seow
Department of Preventive Medicine, Biostatistics Division, Keck School of Medicine at the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033, USA.
Veronica
V
Wendy Setiawan
Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria &Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia.|Human Genetics Foundation (HuGeF), Torino, 10126, Italy.
Gianluca
G
Severi
Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China.|Department of Epidemiology, Nanjing Medical University School of Public Health, Nanjing 210029, China.
Hongbing
H
Shen
University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90007, USA.
Xin
X
Sheng
Department of Preventive Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwanju 501-746, Republic of Korea.
Min-Ho
MH
Shin
Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA.
Xiao-Ou
XO
Shu
Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
Debra T
DT
Silverman
Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.
Margaret R
MR
Spitz
Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, USA.
Victoria L
VL
Stevens
Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
Rachael
R
Stolzenberg-Solomon
Department of Preventive Medicine, Biostatistics Division, Keck School of Medicine at the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033, USA.
Daniel
0000-0001-7099-9022
D
Stram
Shanxi Cancer Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030013, China.
Ze-Zhong
ZZ
Tang
Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
Philip R
PR
Taylor
Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, USA.
Lauren R
LR
Teras
Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
Geoffrey S
GS
Tobias
Department of Preventive Medicine, Biostatistics Division, Keck School of Medicine at the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033, USA.
David
D
Van Den Berg
Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA.
Kala
K
Visvanathan
Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
Sholom
S
Wacholder
Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.|State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
Jiu-Cun
JC
Wang
Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.|Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
Zhaoming
Z
Wang
Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
Nicolas
N
Wentzensen
Information Management Services Inc., Calverton, Maryland, 20904, USA.
William
W
Wheeler
Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA.
Emily
E
White
University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, USA.
John K
JK
Wiencke
Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.|Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA.
Brian M
BM
Wolpin
Department of Pathology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
Maria Pik
MP
Wong
Department of Etiology &Carcinogenesis, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China.|State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China.
Chen
C
Wu
Institute of Occupational Medicine and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430400, China.
Tangchun
T
Wu
Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.
Xifeng
X
Wu
Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong General Hospital &Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 515200, China.
Yi-Long
YL
Wu
Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong General Hospital &Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 515200, China.
Jay S
JS
Wunder
University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90007, USA.
Lucy
L
Xia
Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
Hannah P
HP
Yang
Division of Urologic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri 63110, USA.
Pan-Chyr
PC
Yang
Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
Kai
K
Yu
Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
Krista A
KA
Zanetti
New York University Cancer Institute, New York, New York 10016, USA.|Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016, USA.
Anne
A
Zeleniuch-Jacquotte
Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA.
Wei
W
Zheng
Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China.
Baosen
B
Zhou
Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
Regina G
RG
Ziegler
Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona 08002, Spain.|Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Barcelona, 28029, Spain.
Luis A
0000-0002-1988-3005
LA
Perez-Jurado
Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
Neil E
NE
Caporaso
Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
Nathaniel
N
Rothman
Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
Margaret
M
Tucker
Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
Michael C
MC
Dean
Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.|Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
Meredith
M
Yeager
Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
Stephen J
SJ
Chanock
D000375:Aging / Q000235:genetics*; D041321:Chromosomes, Human, X / Q000235:genetics*; D019175:DNA Methylation / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009030:Mosaicism; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D049951:X Chromosome Inactivation / Q000235:genetics*