Use of Western Neuropsychological Test Battery in Detecting HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorders (HAND) in Zambia.
This is a study of neuroAIDS in sub-Saharan Africa, involving 266 Zambian adults infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), clade C. All HIV+ participants were receiving combination antiretroviral therapy (CART), and were administered a comprehensive neuropsychological (NP) test battery covering seven ability domains that are frequently affected by neuroAIDS. The battery was developed in the U.S. but has been validated in other international settings and has demographically-corrected normative standards based upon 324 healthy Zambian adults. Compared to the healthy Zambian controls, the HIV+ sample performed worse on the NP battery with a medium effect size (Cohen's d = 0.64). 34.6 % of the HIV+ individuals had global NP impairment and met criteria for HIV associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND). The results indicate that the Western-developed NP test battery is appropriate for use in Zambia and can serve as a viable HIV and AIDS management tool.
Department of Psychology, The University of Zambia, Great East Road Campus, P.O BOX 32379, Lusaka, Zambia. zewelanjik@gmail.com.|Department of Psychology, The Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway. zewelanjik@gmail.com.
Norma
N
Kabuba
Department of Psychology, The University of Zambia, Great East Road Campus, P.O BOX 32379, Lusaka, Zambia.
J
J
Anitha Menon
Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.
Donald R
DR
Franklin
Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.
Robert K
RK
Heaton
Department of Psychology, The Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.|Department of Research, Innlandet Hospital Trust, Hamar, Norway.|Hedmark University College, 2418, Elverum, Norway.
Knut A
KA
Hestad
D015526:AIDS Dementia Complex / Q000175:diagnosis*; D000328:Adult; D017954:Africa South of the Sahara; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000523:psychology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D019965:Neurocognitive Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D015024:Zambia / Q000453:epidemiology
HAND; HIV; Neuropsychological performance; Zambia