A carnosine intervention study in overweight human volunteers: bioavailability and reactive carbonyl species sequestering effect.
Carnosine is a natural dipeptide able to react with reactive carbonyl species, which have been recently associated with the onset and progression of several human diseases. Herein, we report an intervention study in overweight individuals. Carnosine (2 g/day) was orally administered for twelve weeks in order to evaluate its bioavailability and metabolic fate. Two carnosine adducts were detected in the urine samples of all subjects. Such adducts are generated from a reaction with acrolein, which is one of the most toxic and reactive compounds among reactive carbonyl species. However, neither carnosine nor adducts have been detected in plasma. Urinary excretion of adducts and carnosine showed a positive correlation although a high variability of individual response to carnosine supplementation was observed. Interestingly, treated subjects showed a significant decrease in the percentage of excreted adducts in reduced form, accompanied by a significant increase of the urinary excretion of both carnosine and carnosine-acrolein adducts. Altogether, data suggest that acrolein is entrapped in vivo by carnosine although the response to its supplementation is possibly influenced by individual diversities in terms of carnosine dietary intake, metabolism and basal production of reactive carbonyl species.
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
Luca
L
Regazzoni
Monash Centre for Health, Research and Implementation, School of Public health and Preventive Medicine, Melbourne, Australia.|Diabetes and Vascular Medicine Unit, Monash Health, Locked Bag 29, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia.
Barbora
B
de Courten
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
Davide
D
Garzon
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
Alessandra
A
Altomare
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
Cristina
C
Marinello
Institute of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia.
Michaela
M
Jakubova
Institute of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia.
Silvia
S
Vallova
Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia.
Patrik
P
Krumpolec
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
Marina
M
Carini
Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia.
Jozef
J
Ukropec
Institute of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia.|Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia.
Barbara
B
Ukropcova
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
Giancarlo
G
Aldini
D000171:Acrolein / Q000652:urine; D001682:Biological Availability; D002336:Carnosine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000652:urine; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009765:Obesity / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000652:urine; D050177:Overweight / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000652:urine; D018384:Oxidative Stress
D000171:Acrolein; D002336:Carnosine