Early Detection of Treatment-Induced Mitotic Arrest Using Temporal Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy.
A novel quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) method, namely, temporal diffusion spectroscopy (TDS), was used to detect the response of tumor cells (notably, mitotic arrest) to a specific antimitotic treatment (Nab-paclitaxel) in culture and human ovarian xenografts and evaluated as an early imaging biomarker of tumor responsiveness.



TDS measures a series of apparent diffusion coefficients (ADCs) of tissue water over a range of effective diffusion times, which may correspond to diffusion distances ranging from subcellular to cellular levels (~3-20 μm). By fitting the measured ADC data to a tissue model, parameters reflecting structural properties such as restriction size in solid tumors can be extracted. Two types of human ovarian cell lines (OVCAR-8 as a responder to Nab-paclitaxel and NCI/ADR-RES as a resistant type) were treated with either vehicle (PBS) or Nab-paclitaxel, and treatment responses of both in vitro and in vivo cases were investigated using TDS.



Acute cell size increases induced by Nab-paclitaxel in responding tumors were confirmed by flow cytometry and light microscopy in cell culture. Nab-paclitaxel-induced mitotic arrest in treated tumors/cells was quantified histologically by measuring the mitotic index in vivo using a mitosis-specific marker (anti-phosphohistone H3). Changes in the fitted restriction size, one of the parameters obtained from TDS, were able to detect and quantify increases in tumor cell sizes. All the MR results had a high degree of consistency with other flow, microscopy, and histological data. Moreover, with an appropriate analysis, the Nab-paclitaxel-responsive tumors in vivo could be easily distinguished from all the other vehicle-treated and Nab-paclitaxel-resistant tumors.



TDS detects increases in cell sizes associated with antimitotic-therapy-induced mitotic arrest in solid tumors in vivo which occur before changes in tissue cellularity or conventional diffusion MRI metrics. By quantifying changes in cell size, TDS has the potential to improve the specificity of MRI methods in the evaluation of therapeutic response and enable a mechanistic understanding of therapy-induced changes in tumors.
Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Radiology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
Xiaoyu
X
Jiang
Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Radiology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
Hua
H
Li
Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Radiology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
Ping
P
Zhao
Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Radiology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
Jingping
J
Xie
Department of Obstetrics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Gynecology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
Dineo
D
Khabele
Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Radiology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Physics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Astronomy, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
Junzhong
J
Xu
Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Radiology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Physics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Astronomy, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Molecular Physiology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA. Electronic address: john.gore@vanderbilt.edu.
John C
JC
Gore
D000418:Albumins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D048429:Cell Size / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006801:Humans; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy / Q000379:methods*; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D008938:Mitosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D008940:Mitotic Index; D017239:Paclitaxel / Q000494:pharmacology*; D023041:Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
C520255:130-nm albumin-bound paclitaxel; D000418:Albumins; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D017239:Paclitaxel