Chromosomal phylogeny of Vampyressine bats (Chiroptera, Phyllostomidae) with description of two new sex chromosome systems.
The subtribe Vampyressina (sensu Baker et al. 2003) encompasses approximately 43 species and seven genera and is a recent and diversified group of New World leaf-nosed bats specialized in fruit eating. The systematics of this group continues to be debated mainly because of the lack of congruence between topologies generated by molecular and morphological data. We analyzed seven species of all genera of vampyressine bats by multidirectional chromosome painting, using whole-chromosome-painting probes from Carollia brevicauda and Phyllostomus hastatus. Phylogenetic analyses were performed using shared discrete chromosomal segments as characters and the Phylogenetic Analysis Using Parsimony (PAUP) software package, using Desmodontinae as outgroup. We also used the Tree Analysis Using New Technology (TNT) software.



The result showed a well-supported phylogeny congruent with molecular topologies regarding the sister taxa relationship of Vampyressa and Mesophylla genera, as well as the close relationship between the genus Chiroderma and Vampyriscus.



Our results supported the hypothesis that all genera of this subtribe have compound sex chromosome systems that originated from an X-autosome translocation, an ancestral condition observed in the Stenodermatinae. Additional rearrangements occurred independently in the genus Vampyressa and Mesophylla yielding the X1X1X2X2/X1X2Y sex chromosome system. This work presents additional data supporting the hypothesis based on molecular studies regarding the polyphyly of the genus Vampyressa and its sister relationship to Mesophylla.
Laboratório de Citogenética, CEABIO, ICB, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Brazil.
Anderson José Baia
AJ
Gomes
Laboratório de Citogenética, CEABIO, ICB, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Brazil.
Cleusa Yoshiko
CY
Nagamachi
Laboratório de Genética e Biodiversidade, ICED, Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará, Santarém, Brazil.
Luis Reginaldo Ribeiro
LR
Rodrigues
Laboratório de Citogenética, CEABIO, ICB, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Brazil.
Thayse Cristine Melo
TC
Benathar
Laboratório de Citogenética, CEABIO, ICB, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Brazil.
Talita Fernanda Augusto
TF
Ribas
Cambridge Resource Centre for Comparative Genomics, University of Cambridge Department of Veterinary Medicine, Cambridge, UK.
Patricia Caroline Mary
PC
O'Brien
Cytogenetics Facility, Welcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, South Cambridgeshire, UK.
Fengtang
F
Yang
Cambridge Resource Centre for Comparative Genomics, University of Cambridge Department of Veterinary Medicine, Cambridge, UK.
Malcolm Andrew
MA
Ferguson-Smith
Laboratório de Citogenética, CEABIO, ICB, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Brazil. juliopieczarka@gmail.com.
Julio Cesar
JC
Pieczarka
D000818:Animals; D002685:Chiroptera / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics*; D020223:Chromosome Painting; D033481:Chromosomes, Mammalian / Q000235:genetics*; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D007621:Karyotyping; D010802:Phylogeny; D012730:Sex Chromosomes / Q000235:genetics*; D013045:Species Specificity
Chromosome painting; Chromosome phylogeny; Compound sex chromosome system; Sex determination; Subtribe Vampyressina