T-cell therapies for HIV: Preclinical successes and current clinical strategies.
Although antiretroviral therapy (ART) has been successful in controlling HIV infection, it does not provide a permanent cure, requires lifelong treatment, and HIV-positive individuals are left with social concerns such as stigma. The recent application of T cells to treat cancer and viral reactivations post-transplant offers a potential strategy to control HIV infection. It is known that naturally occurring HIV-specific T cells can inhibit HIV initially, but this response is not sustained in the majority of people living with HIV. Genetically modifying T cells to target HIV, resist infection, and persist in the immunosuppressive environment found in chronically infected HIV-positive individuals might provide a therapeutic solution for HIV. This review focuses on successful preclinical studies and current clinical strategies using T-cell therapy to control HIV infection and mediate a functional cure solution.
Institute for Biomedical Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA; Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Tropical Medicine, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA; Program for Cell Enhancement and Technologies for Immunotherapy, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC, USA.
Shabnum
S
Patel
Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Tropical Medicine, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA.
R Brad
RB
Jones
Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Tropical Medicine, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA.
Douglas F
DF
Nixon
Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Tropical Medicine, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA; Program for Cell Enhancement and Technologies for Immunotherapy, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC, USA. Electronic address: cbollard@childrensnational.org.
Catherine M
CM
Bollard
D000818:Animals; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology / Q000637:transplantation; D015316:Genetic Therapy; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000628:therapy*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D016219:Immunotherapy, Adoptive / Q000379:methods / Q000639:trends; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000637:transplantation*
CRISPR; HDACIs; HIV; ZFN; adoptive T-cell therapy; artificial TCR; chimeric antigen receptors; gene editing