Distribution, sources and ecological risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in water and sediments from Tiber River and estuary, Italy.
The concentration, source and ecological risk of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the Tiber River and its environmental impact on the Tyrrhenian Sea (Central Mediterranean Sea) were estimated. The 16 priority PAHs were determined in the water dissolved phase (DP), suspended particulate matter (SPM) and sediments collected from 21 sites in four different seasons. Total concentrations of PAHs ranged from 10.3 to 951.6ngL(-1) and from 36.2 to 545.6ngg(-1) in water (sum of DP and SPM) and in sediment samples, respectively. The compositions of PAHs showed that 2- to 4-ring PAHs were abundant in DP, 4- to 6-ring PAHs were predominant in SPM samples, and 4- to 5-ring PAHs were abundant in sediments. The diagnostic ratio analysis indicated that the PAHs mainly had a pyrolytic source. The toxic equivalent concentration of carcinogenic PAHs was 45.3ngTEQg(-1), suggesting low carcinogenic risk for Tiber River. Total PAHs loads into the sea were calculated in about 3161.7kgyear(-1) showing that this river is one of the main contribution sources of these contaminants to the Tyrrhenian Sea.
Department of Public Health, University Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini no 5, 80131 Naples, Italy. Electronic address: pmontuor@unina.it.
Paolo
P
Montuori
Department of Public Health, University Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini no 5, 80131 Naples, Italy.
Sara
S
Aurino
Department of Public Health, University Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini no 5, 80131 Naples, Italy.
Fatima
F
Garzonio
Department of Economics, University Unitelma Sapienza, Viale Regina Elena no 295, 00161 Rome, Italy.
Pasquale
P
Sarnacchiaro
Department of Public Health, University Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini no 5, 80131 Naples, Italy.
Antonio
A
Nardone
Department of Public Health, University Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini no 5, 80131 Naples, Italy.
Maria
M
Triassi
D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D063366:Estuaries; D019015:Geologic Sediments / Q000737:chemistry*; D007558:Italy; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons / Q000032:analysis*; D045483:Rivers / Q000737:chemistry*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*
D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical
Contaminant loads; Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; Risk assessment; Source; Tiber river; Toxic equivalent quantity (TEQ)