Nd:YAG laser radiation (1.064 nm) accelerates differentiation of osteoblasts to osteocytes on smooth and rough titanium surfaces in vitro.
BACKGROUND
A number of studies revealed beneficial effects of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) regarding cell proliferation and differentiation.


OBJECTIVE
To investigate the effect of Nd:YAG (1.064 nm) laser radiation in the proliferation and differentiation potential of MG-63 osteoblast-like cells. Additionally, the effects of the surface configurations were to be evaluated.


METHODS
MG-63 osteoblast cells were cultured on different surfaces: plastic tissue culture, smooth (polished) titanium-PT and rough titanium-SLA. The effects of both titanium surfaces and low-level laser therapy (LLLT) on cell adhesion were evaluated by the gene expression of molecules involved in cell proliferation and differentiation. In addition, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and MTT proliferation assays were used to examine cell morphology and proliferation, respectively.


RESULTS
Compared to smooth (PT) surfaces, SLA surfaces favoured MG-63 cell differentiation. Following the application of Nd:YAG laser irradiation, cells yielded statistically significantly improved differentiation on both smooth and SLA surfaces compared with non-irradiated surfaces.


CONCLUSIONS
The findings of this present study suggest that both surface morphology and Nd:YAG laser irradiation influence the proliferation and differentiation potential of MG-63 cells.
Department of Periodontology, National and Kapodistriann University of Athens, School of Dentistry, Athens, Greece.
Ioannis K
IK
Karoussis
Department of Periodontology, National and Kapodistriann University of Athens, School of Dentistry, Athens, Greece.
Kyriaki
K
Kyriakidou
Department of Physiology, National and Kapodistriann University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece.
Costas
C
Psarros
Center for Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
Niklaus P
NP
Lang
Department of Periodontology, National and Kapodistriann University of Athens, School of Dentistry, Athens, Greece.
Ioannis A
IA
Vrotsos
D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000528:radiation effects; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000528:radiation effects*; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000528:radiation effects*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D053844:Lasers, Solid-State; D028022:Low-Level Light Therapy / Q000295:instrumentation*; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000528:radiation effects*; D013499:Surface Properties; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry*
D014025:Titanium

SLA
; 
low-level laser therapy
; MG-63 osteoblasts; Nd:YAG laser; differentiation; gene expression; scanning electron microscopy; titanium surfaces