Engineered Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles; Biological Interactions at the Organ Level.
Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) are one of the widely used nanoparticles with spectrum of application, in the areas like daily care products, sensors, antibacterial agents, and biomedical sector. With extensive application the risk of exposure at occupational and consumer level also increases. Huge amount of data are available on the biointeraction of ZnO NPs. Though the toxicity of ZnO NPs is attributed to particle dissolution inside the cellular compartments and their ability to generate the reactive oxygen species, the ambiguity prevails over the exact mechanism of toxicity. The in vivo studies on different animal models and humans suggest different level of toxicity in these organisms. However the synthetic route, physiochemical properties of the nanoparticle, mode of exposure and nature of the test system often influences these studies. Hence the study results vary and sometimes contradict on one another. The current review focuses on the interaction of ZnO NPs with different organ systems. It also points to the factors to be considered while undertaking such studies in order to ensure reliability of the results.
Sudhakaran
S
Sruthi
Toxicology Division, Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram 695 012, Kerala, Índia. mohanpv@sctimst.ac.in.
Parayanthala Valappil
PV
Mohanan
D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007107:Immune System / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008168:Lung / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D012867:Skin / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D015034:Zinc Oxide / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity
D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D015034:Zinc Oxide