Renal Carcinogenesis, Tumor Heterogeneity, and Reactive Oxygen Species: Tactics Evolved.
The number of kidney cancers is growing 3-5% each year due to unknown etiologies. Intra- and inter-tumor mediators increase oxidative stress and drive tumor heterogeneity. Recent Advances: Technology advancement in state-of-the-art instrumentation and methodologies allows researchers to detect and characterize global landscaping modifications in genes, proteins, and pathophysiology patterns at the single-cell level.



We postulate that the sources of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and their activation within subcellular compartments will change over a timeline of tumor evolvement and contribute to tumor heterogeneity. Therefore, the complexity of intracellular changes within a tumor and ROS-induced tumor heterogeneity coupled to the advancement of detecting these events globally are limited at the level of data collection, organization, and interpretation using software algorithms and bioinformatics.



Integrative and collaborative research, combining the power of numbers with careful experimental design, protocol development, and data interpretation, will translate cancer biology and therapeutics to a heightened level or leave the abundant raw data as stagnant and underutilized. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 25, 685-701.
1 Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center , San Antonio, Texas.
Karthigayan
K
Shanmugasundaram
1 Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center , San Antonio, Texas.|2 South Texas Veterans Health Care System, Audie L. Murphy Memorial Hospital Division , San Antonio, Texas.
Karen
K
Block
D000465:Algorithms; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D063646:Carcinogenesis / Q000235:genetics*; D019295:Computational Biology; D006801:Humans; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D019255:NADPH Oxidases / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000235:genetics; D012984:Software
D000975:Antioxidants; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D019255:NADPH Oxidases
NOX oxidases; high-throughput analysis; mitochondrial electron transfer chain; oxidative stress; renal cancer; tumor heterogeneity