Glutathione protects Candida albicans against horseradish volatile oil.
Horseradish essential oil (HREO; a natural mixture of different isothiocyanates) had strong fungicide effect against Candida albicans both in volatile and liquid phase. In liquid phase this antifungal effect was more significant than those of its main components allyl, and 2-phenylethyl isothiocyanate. HREO, at sublethal concentration, induced oxidative stress which was characterized with elevated superoxide content and up-regulated specific glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase and superoxide dismutase activities. Induction of specific glutathione S-transferase activities as marker of glutathione (GSH) dependent detoxification was also observed. At higher concentration, HREO depleted the GSH pool, increased heavily the superoxide production and killed the cells rapidly. HREO and the GSH pool depleting agent, 1-chlore-2,4-dinitrobenzene showed strong synergism when they were applied together to kill C. albicans cells. Based on all these, we assume that GSH metabolism protects fungi against isothiocyanates.
Department of Pharmacognosy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
Regina
R
Bertóti
Department of Botany, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.
Gábor
G
Vasas
Department of Botany, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.
Sándor
S
Gonda
Department of Botany, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.
Nhat Minh
NM
Nguyen
Department of Pharmacognosy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary. emri.tamas@science.unideb.hu.
Éva
É
Szőke
Department of Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.
Ágnes
Á
Jakab
Department of Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.
István
I
Pócsi
Department of Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.
Tamás
T
Emri
D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D031215:Armoracia / Q000378:metabolism*; D002176:Candida albicans / Q000187:drug effects*; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D004137:Dinitrochlorobenzene / Q000494:pharmacology; D004357:Drug Synergism; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism*; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D005980:Glutathione Reductase / Q000378:metabolism; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000378:metabolism; D017879:Isothiocyanates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009822:Oils, Volatile / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D013481:Superoxides / Q000378:metabolism
D000935:Antifungal Agents; D004137:Dinitrochlorobenzene; D017879:Isothiocyanates; D009822:Oils, Volatile; D013481:Superoxides; C058305:phenethyl isothiocyanate; C004471:allyl isothiocyanate; D002374:Catalase; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D005980:Glutathione Reductase; D005982:Glutathione Transferase; D005978:Glutathione
Antifungal effects; Candida albicans; Glutathione metabolism; Horseradish essential oil; Isothiocyanates