Gene expression profile of THP-1 cells treated with heat-killed Candida albicans.
BACKGROUND
Mechanisms under immune response against Candida albicans (C. albicans) remain largely unknown. To better understand the mechanisms of innate immune response against C. albicans, we analyzed the gene expression profile of THP-1 cells stimulated with heat-killed C. albicans.


METHODS
THP-1 cells were stimulated with heat-killed C. albicans for 9 hours at a ratio of 1:1, and gene expression profile of the cells was analyzed using Whole Human Genome Oligo Microarray. Differentially expressed genes were defined as change folds more than 2 and with statistical significance. Gene ontology (GO) and pathway analysis were used to systematically identify biological connections of differentially expressed genes, as well as the pathways associated with the immune response against C. albicans.


RESULTS
A total of 355 genes were up-regulated and 715 genes were down-regulated significantly. The up-regulated genes were particularly involved in biological process of RNA processing and pathway of the spliceosome. In case of down-regulated genes, the particularly involved immune-related pathways were G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway, calcium signaling pathway, MAPK signaling pathway and Ras pathway.


CONCLUSIONS
We depict the gene expression profile of heat-killed C. albicans stimulated THP-1 cells, and identify the major pathways involved in immune response against C. albicans. These pathways are potential candidate targets for developing anti-C. albicans agent.
1 Department of Laboratory Medicine, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China ; 2 Department of Laboratory Medicine, General Hospital, Ji'nan Military Region of PLA, Ji'nan 250031, China.
Zhi-De
ZD
Hu
1 Department of Laboratory Medicine, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China ; 2 Department of Laboratory Medicine, General Hospital, Ji'nan Military Region of PLA, Ji'nan 250031, China.
Ting-Ting
TT
Wei
1 Department of Laboratory Medicine, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China ; 2 Department of Laboratory Medicine, General Hospital, Ji'nan Military Region of PLA, Ji'nan 250031, China.
Qing-Qin
QQ
Tang
1 Department of Laboratory Medicine, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China ; 2 Department of Laboratory Medicine, General Hospital, Ji'nan Military Region of PLA, Ji'nan 250031, China.
Ning
N
Ma
1 Department of Laboratory Medicine, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China ; 2 Department of Laboratory Medicine, General Hospital, Ji'nan Military Region of PLA, Ji'nan 250031, China.
Li-Li
LL
Wang
1 Department of Laboratory Medicine, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China ; 2 Department of Laboratory Medicine, General Hospital, Ji'nan Military Region of PLA, Ji'nan 250031, China.
Bao-Dong
BD
Qin
1 Department of Laboratory Medicine, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China ; 2 Department of Laboratory Medicine, General Hospital, Ji'nan Military Region of PLA, Ji'nan 250031, China.
Jian-Rong
JR
Yin
1 Department of Laboratory Medicine, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China ; 2 Department of Laboratory Medicine, General Hospital, Ji'nan Military Region of PLA, Ji'nan 250031, China.
Lin
L
Zhou
1 Department of Laboratory Medicine, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China ; 2 Department of Laboratory Medicine, General Hospital, Ji'nan Military Region of PLA, Ji'nan 250031, China.
Ren-Qian
RQ
Zhong
Candida albicans (C. albicans); Gene expression profile; THP-1 cells; microarray