Native language shapes automatic neural processing of speech.
The development of the phoneme inventory is driven by the acoustic-phonetic properties of one's native language. Neural representation of speech is known to be shaped by language experience, as indexed by cortical responses, and recent studies suggest that subcortical processing also exhibits this attunement to native language. However, most work to date has focused on the differences between tonal and non-tonal languages that use pitch variations to convey phonemic categories. The aim of this cross-language study is to determine whether subcortical encoding of speech sounds is sensitive to language experience by comparing native speakers of two non-tonal languages (French and English). We hypothesized that neural representations would be more robust and fine-grained for speech sounds that belong to the native phonemic inventory of the listener, and especially for the dimensions that are phonetically relevant to the listener such as high frequency components. We recorded neural responses of American English and French native speakers, listening to natural syllables of both languages. Results showed that, independently of the stimulus, American participants exhibited greater neural representation of the fundamental frequency compared to French participants, consistent with the importance of the fundamental frequency to convey stress patterns in English. Furthermore, participants showed more robust encoding and more precise spectral representations of the first formant when listening to the syllable of their native language as compared to non-native language. These results align with the hypothesis that language experience shapes sensory processing of speech and that this plasticity occurs as a function of what is meaningful to a listener.
Aix-Marseille Université, INSERM, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes, Marseille, France; Brain and Language Research Institute, Labex BLRI, France. Electronic address: bastien.intartaglia@etu.univ-amu.fr.
Bastien
B
Intartaglia
Auditory Neuroscience Laboratory and Department of Communication Sciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States of America.
Travis
T
White-Schwoch
Brain and Language Research Institute, Labex BLRI, France; Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, LPL UMR 7309, 13100 Aix-en-Provence, France.
Christine
C
Meunier
La Timone Children's Hospital, ENT Unit, Marseille, France.
Stéphane
S
Roman
Auditory Neuroscience Laboratory and Department of Communication Sciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States of America; Department of Neurobiology & Physiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States of America; Department of Otolaryngology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States of America.
Nina
N
Kraus
Aix-Marseille Université, INSERM, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes, Marseille, France; Brain and Language Research Institute, Labex BLRI, France.
Daniele
D
Schön
D000161:Acoustic Stimulation; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001921:Brain / Q000502:physiology*; D001931:Brain Mapping; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003431:Cross-Cultural Comparison; D004569:Electroencephalography; D005260:Female; D005583:Fourier Analysis; D006801:Humans; D007802:Language; D008297:Male; D013060:Speech / Q000502:physiology*; D013067:Speech Perception / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult
Auditory brainstem responses; Experience-dependent plasticity; Speech perception