Ethanol Extracts of Achillea millefolium and Hypericum perforatum Low Anti-Toxoplasma Activity.
OBJECTIVE
This study was performed to determine the lethal and the inhibitory effects of ethanol extracts of Achillea millefolium (A. millefolium) and Hypericum perforatum (H. perforatum) on Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) RH strain tachyzoites in vitro.


METHODS
The tachyzoites were treated with concentrations of 10, 50, and 100 mg/mL of A. millefolium and H. perforatum extracts within 10, 30, and 45 minutes in the wells. The mortality rates of tachyzoites treated with extracts were determined by using alkaline methylene blue staining. Also, the tachyzoites in cell cultures were treated with concentrations of 50, 100, and 200 mg/mL of these extracts. The cell viability, inhibition concentration (IC50), and selectivity were determined from MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assays.


RESULTS
In the cell-free in vitro study, all of tachyzoites were killed at concentrations of 100 mg/mL of both extracts while at concentration 10 mg/mL, the mortality was 4.53% - 5.31%. In the cell culture study, the values of the effective concentration (EC50) were 215 and 153 μg/mL and the selectivities were 0.73 and 0.69 for the A. millefolium and the H. perforatum extracts, respectively.


CONCLUSIONS
We conclude that neither extracts has any significant effect on the tachyzoites of T. gondii in cell cultures.
Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran.
Shagayegh
S
Nozari
Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran.
Mohtaram
M
Adine
Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran.
Farzaneh
F
Javadi
Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran.
Mojtaba
M
Shahnazi
Immunology Department, School of Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran.
Abbas
A
Azadmehr
Department of Pharmacology, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran.
Marjan
M
Nassiri-Asl
Children Growth and Development Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran.
Hasan
H
Jahanihashemi
Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran; Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran.
Mehrzad
M
Saraei
Achillea millefolium; Hypericum perforatum; Toxoplasma gondii; herbal medicine