Autoantibody diversity in paraneoplastic syndromes and related disorders: The need for a more guided screening approach.
BACKGROUND
Significant progress has been made in understanding the role and diversity of autoantibodies in the pathogenesis, diagnosis and management of paraneoplastic syndrome (PNS) and related autoimmune neurologic diseases. We evaluated the positivity rates for diverse autoantibody panels to rationalize testing strategies and utilization.


METHODS
The result patterns for different autoantibody panels for PNS offered at 2 reference laboratories in the U.S. were retrospectively reviewed for the same period. The positivity rates were evaluated and compared for specific autoantibodies within panels offered at both laboratories.


RESULTS
For the Hu, Ri, Yo, and amphiphysin antibodies offered by both laboratories, no significant difference in positivity rates was observed. The positivity rates for non-classic PNS markers were 0% [AGNA and PCCA-Tr], and 0.06% [ANNA-3 and PCAC-2] while the prevalence of antibodies associated with neuromuscular autoimmunity varied from 1.40% to 4.44% [Striated muscle, AChR binding, ganglionic AChR, VGCC, P/Q- and N-type VGCC].


CONCLUSIONS
The data suggest that test utilization could be substantially improved based on ordering practice geared towards clinical manifestations and prevalence of autoantibodies. Concerted efforts towards streamlining diagnostic algorithms based on risk, clinical manifestations, characterization of autoantibodies and their associations as well as therapeutic strategies are needed.
ARUP Institute for Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Salt Lake City, UT, United States; Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, United States. Electronic address: anne.tebo@hsc.utah.edu.
Anne E
AE
Tebo
ARUP Institute for Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Salt Lake City, UT, United States; Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, United States.
Thomas R
TR
Haven
ARUP Institute for Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Salt Lake City, UT, United States; Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, United States; Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, United States.
Brian R
BR
Jackson
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000465:Algorithms; D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000032:analysis* / Q000276:immunology*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010257:Paraneoplastic Syndromes / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000276:immunology*; D055815:Young Adult
D001323:Autoantibodies; D015415:Biomarkers
Antibody diversity and test utilization; Autoimmune-mediated neurologic diseases; Paraneoplastic syndrome