The Clinical Applications of Extended-Release Abuse-Deterrent Opioids.
Opioids are the mainstay for treatment of acute pain and cancer pain, and also have a role in the treatment of chronic non-malignant pain. There has been, however, a growing public health problem stemming from the misuse of opioid analgesics leading to serious consequences. To deter abuse, new formulations of extended-release opioid analgesics and tamper-resistant opioids have recently been developed. The concept of abuse-deterrent extended-release opioids is relatively new and, although abuse may not be completely prevented, the utilization of such abuse-deterrent extended-release opioids could reduce this risk. Extended-release abuse-deterrent opioids have been found to have important clinical applications in cancer, acute pain, and chronic non-malignant pain for analgesia control with decreased incidence of tampering and abuse. In this review, different extended-release formulations of opioids available for clinical applications are presented with descriptions of the formulations, their physical properties, and the clinical studies performed to provide physicians with a better understanding of their uses.
Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA. nalini.vadivelu@yale.edu.
Nalini
N
Vadivelu
Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
Erika
E
Schermer
California North State University College of Medicine, Elk Grove, CA, USA.
Gopal
G
Kodumudi
Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Jack M
JM
Berger
D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D059350:Chronic Pain / Q000188:drug therapy*; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D013287:Illicit Drugs / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009293:Opioid-Related Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy*; D010819:Physician's Role
D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D013287:Illicit Drugs