Fabrication of Sealed Nanostraw Microdevices for Oral Drug Delivery.
The oral route is preferred for systemic drug administration and provides direct access to diseased tissue of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. However, many drugs have poor absorption upon oral administration due to damaging enzymatic and pH conditions, mucus and cellular permeation barriers, and limited time for drug dissolution. To overcome these limitations and enhance oral drug absorption, micron-scale devices with planar, asymmetric geometries, termed microdevices, have been designed to adhere to the lining of the GI tract and release drug at high concentrations directly toward GI epithelium. Here we seal microdevices with nanostraw membranes-porous nanostructured biomolecule delivery substrates-to enhance the properties of these devices. We demonstrate that the nanostraws facilitate facile drug loading and tunable drug release, limit the influx of external molecules into the sealed drug reservoir, and increase the adhesion of devices to epithelial tissue. These findings highlight the potential of nanostraw microdevices to enhance the oral absorption of a wide range of therapeutics by binding to the lining of the GI tract, providing prolonged and proximal drug release, and reducing the exposure of their payload to drug-degrading biomolecules.
Cade B
CB
Fox
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University , Stanford, California 94305, United States.
Yuhong
Y
Cao
Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California at Berkeley and San Francisco , UCSF Mission Bay Campus, San Francisco, California 94158, United States.
Cameron L
CL
Nemeth
Hariharasudhan D
HD
Chirra
Rachel W
RW
Chevalier
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University , Stanford, California 94305, United States.
Alexander M
AM
Xu
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University , Stanford, California 94305, United States.
Nicholas A
NA
Melosh
Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California at Berkeley and San Francisco , UCSF Mission Bay Campus, San Francisco, California 94158, United States.
Tejal A
TA
Desai
D000284:Administration, Oral; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D049329:Nanostructures; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations
D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations
microdevices; nanobiotechnology; nanostraws; nanowires; oral drug delivery