Burden of Vaccine-Preventable Diseases-Measles, Tetanus, Diphtheria and Whooping Cough-in Iran: Findings from the GBD study 2010.
BACKGROUND
Vaccination has been one of the most successful and cost-effective public health interventions in the last century and has saved millions of lives. In 1984, the Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) was launched in Iran as one of the main components of Primary Health Care (PHC).


OBJECTIVE
We aimed to investigate the burden of four vaccine-preventable diseases from 1990 to 2010 in Iran.


METHODS
GBD study 2010 includes death rates, Years of Life Lost (YLLs), Years Lived with Disability (YLDs) and Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALYs). YLLs is calculated through multiplying the number of deaths in each age group by a reference life expectancy for the same age group, while YLDs can be obtained from the prevalence of a disease multiplied by the disability weight (DW) for the same disease. The sum of these two indices yields DALYs. In the present study, we tried to produce new graphs and explain more about Iran results.  We also describe the GBD study limitations.


RESULTS
Regardless of gender differences, DALYs rates for measles at all ages were 86.1220 and 5.5703 per 100 000 in 1990 and 2010, respectively, indicating approximately 94% decrease in this disease. The maximum and minimum rates of deaths from whooping cough for males aged under 5 was 4.0674 and 0.2713 per 100 000 in 1990 and 2000, respectively, which shows 93% decline in whooping cough from in this period.


CONCLUSIONS
This study demonstrated that vaccination has had a positive impact on the control of communicable diseases. But the results of this study have some limitations similar to GBD study which may pave the way for decision makers about other public health interventions. Moreover, since measuring the impact of various diseases on health plays an important role in public health, it can be an important step toward prioritization in health.
1)communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 2)School of Public Health, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran.
Yaser
Y
Mokhayeri
1)Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 3)Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Shohreh
S
Naderimagham
Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Rasool
R
Mohammadi
Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Ebrahim
E
Rahimi
1)Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 4)Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Shadi
S
Rahimzadeh
Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Alireza
A
Badirzadeh
1)Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 6)Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Sahar
S
Saeedi Moghaddam
3) Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 1) Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Maryam
M
Chegini
Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Farzad
F
Kompani
4)Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 8)Safety Promotion and Injury Prevention Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Seyed Saeed
SS
Hashemi-Nazari
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D017281:Cost of Illness; D004165:Diphtheria / Q000401:mortality* / Q000517:prevention & control; D005260:Female; D014943:Global Health; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007492:Iran / Q000453:epidemiology; D008017:Life Expectancy; D008297:Male; D008457:Measles / Q000401:mortality* / Q000517:prevention & control; D008875:Middle Aged; D019057:Quality-Adjusted Life Years; D012737:Sex Factors; D013742:Tetanus / Q000401:mortality* / Q000517:prevention & control; D014611:Vaccination; D014612:Vaccines / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014917:Whooping Cough / Q000401:mortality* / Q000517:prevention & control; D055815:Young Adult
D014612:Vaccines