Postpartum depressive symptoms and its association to daytime sleepiness and restless legs during pregnancy.
Postpartum depression is a common condition, which consequences might be harmful for both mother and child. Since sleep and depression are closely related it is possible that women who suffer from sleep related problems during pregnancy are more likely to develop depression in the postpartum period. This study aims to investigate the possible association between depressive symptoms in the postpartum period and sleep related problems during pregnancy.



In this study 293 women in the last trimester of pregnancy answered a questionnaire about symptoms of restless legs, snoring and daytime sleepiness. They also completed the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS). The same women were screened for depressive symptoms using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) four to ten weeks after giving birth. Additional information about social data, pregnancy and delivery was received from the medical charts.



Women with postpartum depressive symptoms had higher prevalence of excessive daytime sleepiness defined as ESS score ≥10 (OR 3.84, CI 1.57-9.39), and restless legs syndrome (OR 2.837 CI 1.18-6.84) in last trimester of pregnancy, when adjusted for socio-demographic factors and obstetric risk factors. No association was found between postpartum depressive symptoms and snoring.



Depressive symptoms after childbirth are preceded by sleep related problems such as daytime sleepiness and restless legs, already during pregnancy. The results from Epworth Sleepiness Scale and a questionnaire concerning Restless Legs Syndrome completed during pregnancy might be a valuable contribution for detecting women at risk for postpartum depression, enabling preventive interventions.
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Hospital and Linköping University, SE-581 85, Linköping, Sweden. maria.sarberg@regionostergotland.se.|Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden. maria.sarberg@regionostergotland.se.
Maria
M
Sarberg
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Hospital and Linköping University, SE-581 85, Linköping, Sweden.|Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
Marie
M
Bladh
Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
Eva
E
Svanborg
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Hospital and Linköping University, SE-581 85, Linköping, Sweden.|Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
Ann
A
Josefsson
D000328:Adult; D019052:Depression, Postpartum / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D009035:Mothers / Q000523:psychology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000523:psychology*; D012148:Restless Legs Syndrome / Q000523:psychology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D020178:Sleep Disorders, Circadian Rhythm / Q000523:psychology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
Epworth Sleepiness Scale; Postnatal depression; Pregnancy; Restless legs syndrome; Sleep