The role of CTLA-4 and PD-1 in anti-tumor immune response and their potential efficacy against osteosarcoma.
Immunotherapy is proved to be a promising therapeutic strategy against human malignancies. Evasion of immune surveillance is considered to be a major factor of malignant progression. Inhibitory receptors, especially CTLA-4 and PD-1, are found to play critical roles in the mediation of anti-tumor immune efficacy. Thus, antibodies targeting these immune checkpoints have emerged as the attractive treatment approaches to those patients with cancer. Osteosarcoma is highly malignant and current treatment remains a challenge, especially for those patients with metastasis. Despite some achievements, the effect of immunotherapy against osteosarcoma is still unsatisfactory. The present review attempts to show the role and mechanism of CTLA-4 and PD-1 in immune response and summarize the recent findings related to the effect of inhibitory receptor antibodies on the immune response against tumors, especially osteosarcoma, and the correlation between PD-1 or/and CTLA-4 expression and outcome of osteosarcoma patients. We further discuss the utilization of the combination therapy against osteosarcoma.
Department of Orthopedics, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, No.88, Jiefang Road, Hangzhou 310009, China.
Sheng-Dong
SD
Wang
Department of Orthopedics, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, No.88, Jiefang Road, Hangzhou 310009, China.
Heng-Yuan
HY
Li
Department of Orthopedics, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, No.88, Jiefang Road, Hangzhou 310009, China.
Bing-Hao
BH
Li
Department of Orthopedics, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, No.88, Jiefang Road, Hangzhou 310009, China.
Tao
T
Xie
Department of Orthopedics, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, No.88, Jiefang Road, Hangzhou 310009, China.
Ting
T
Zhu
Department of Orthopedics, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, No.88, Jiefang Road, Hangzhou 310009, China.
Ling-Ling
LL
Sun
Department of Orthopedics, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, No.88, Jiefang Road, Hangzhou 310009, China.
Hai-Yong
HY
Ren
Department of Orthopedics, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, No.88, Jiefang Road, Hangzhou 310009, China. Electronic address: yezhaomingz2@163.com.
Zhao-Ming
ZM
Ye
D000818:Animals; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001859:Bone Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy*; D060908:CTLA-4 Antigen / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D006801:Humans; D007109:Immunity / Q000187:drug effects; D007167:Immunotherapy / Q000379:methods*; D012516:Osteosarcoma / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy*; D061026:Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*
D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D060908:CTLA-4 Antigen; D061026:Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor
CTLA-4; Checkpoint inhibitor; Immunotherapy; Osteosarcoma; PD-1