Venous thromboembolism following minimally invasive surgery among women with endometrial cancer.
To determine the rate of venous thromboembolism (VTE) among women undergoing minimally invasive surgery (MIS) for endometrial cancer.



Women undergoing robotic or laparoscopic hysterectomy for endometrial carcinoma or complex hyperplasia with atypia were identified between January 2009 and 2014 in a community based health care system. Patient data including age, race, cancer stage, grade, procedure type, length of hospital stay, use of prophylaxis, and diagnosis of VTE were collected retrospectively. The primary outcome was the rate of VTE within 30days following surgery. Fischer's exact tests were performed to evaluate factors associated with VTE.



During the study period, 1433 patients underwent MIS for endometrial cancer, with 20 excluded due to known thrombophilia, VTE history, or long-term anticoagulation. A total of 1413 patients were included (739 robotic and 674 laparoscopic cases). All women received mechanical prophylaxis per hospital policy and 61% had additional pharmacologic prophylaxis. The rate of VTE was 0.35% (5/1413), which did not differ among those who received pharmacologic compared to mechanical prophylaxis (0.23% [2/865] versus 0.55% [3/548] respectively, p=0.38). No factors were associated with increased risk of VTE due to the low event rate.



VTE in patients undergoing MIS for endometrial cancer was very low irrespective of the mode of prophylaxis received in this large cohort. National guidelines for VTE prophylaxis need to differentiate the low risk associated with MIS surgery from the risk associated with laparotomy for endometrial cancer. We recommend mechanical prophylaxis is sufficient for these women undergoing MIS.
Kaiser Permanente San Francisco Medical Center, CA, USA.
Alexandra H
AH
Freeman
Kaiser Permanente San Francisco Medical Center, CA, USA.
Allison
A
Barrie
Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Division of Research, Oakland, CA, USA.
Liisa
L
Lyon
Northern California Kaiser Permanente Gynecologic Cancer Program, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, CA, USA.
Ramey D
RD
Littell
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
Christine
C
Garcia
Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Division of Research, Oakland, CA, USA.
Carol
C
Conell
Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Division of Research, Oakland, CA, USA; Northern California Kaiser Permanente Gynecologic Cancer Program, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, CA, USA. Electronic address: Bethan.Powell@kp.org.
C Bethan
CB
Powell
D000368:Aged; D002140:California / Q000453:epidemiology; D015331:Cohort Studies; D016889:Endometrial Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D013509:Gynecologic Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008875:Middle Aged; D019060:Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D065287:Robotic Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D054556:Venous Thromboembolism / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology
Endometrial neoplasms; Minimally invasive surgical procedures; Thromboembolism