Understanding prostate-specific antigen dynamics in monitoring metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer: implications for clinical practice.
Availability of novel hormonal therapies as well as docetaxel and cabazitaxel treatment for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) has changed the outlook for this group of patients with improvements in progression-free survival and overall survival. Physicians often diagnose the progression of prostate cancer using serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA). However, serum PSA is not always correlated with the clinical status in CRPC. To evaluate the PSA dynamics with greater precision, understanding of the control of PSA and of the mechanisms of development of CRPC is needed. Moreover, it is necessary to use new hormonal therapies with an appropriate timing to optimally improve the prognosis and the QOL of the patients. In the present review, we ascertain the PSA dynamics and the mechanisms of the development of CRPC to assist in optimal utilization of the new treatments for mCRPC.
Department of Integrative Cancer Therapy and Urology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, 13-1 Takaramachi Kanazawa, 920-8640 Japan.
Atsushi
A
Mizokami
Department of Integrative Cancer Therapy and Urology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, 13-1 Takaramachi Kanazawa, 920-8640 Japan.
Kouji
K
Izumi
Department of Integrative Cancer Therapy and Urology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, 13-1 Takaramachi Kanazawa, 920-8640 Japan.
Hiroyuki
H
Konaka
Department of Integrative Cancer Therapy and Urology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, 13-1 Takaramachi Kanazawa, 920-8640 Japan.
Yasuhide
Y
Kitagawa
Department of Integrative Cancer Therapy and Urology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, 13-1 Takaramachi Kanazawa, 920-8640 Japan.
Yoshifumi
Y
Kadono
Department of Integrative Cancer Therapy and Urology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, 13-1 Takaramachi Kanazawa, 920-8640 Japan.
Kazutaka
K
Narimoto
Department of Integrative Cancer Therapy and Urology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, 13-1 Takaramachi Kanazawa, 920-8640 Japan.
Takahiro
T
Nohara
Bristol Haematology and Oncology Centre, University Hospitals Bristol, Bristol, BS2 8ED, UK.
Amit K
AK
Bahl
Department of Integrative Cancer Therapy and Urology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, 13-1 Takaramachi Kanazawa, 920-8640 Japan.
Mikio
M
Namiki
D000726:Androgen Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001859:Bone Neoplasms / Q000097:blood* / Q000556:secondary; D018450:Disease Progression; D004961:Estramustine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005485:Flutamide / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D007610:Kallikreins / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood*; D064129:Prostatic Neoplasms, Castration-Resistant / Q000097:blood* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology
D000726:Androgen Antagonists; D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal; D004961:Estramustine; D005485:Flutamide; C549870:KLK3 protein, human; D007610:Kallikreins; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen