Psychometric properties of the Persian version of the Time to Relapse Questionnaire (TRQ) in substance use disorder.
Predicting time to relapse provides an opportunity for the development of relapse prevention interventions in drug users.



The aim of the present study was to describe the development of the Persian version of the 9-item Time to Relapse Questionnaire (TRQ) and to evaluate its psychometric properties in an Iranian sample of treatment-seeking individuals with substance dependence (n = 150).



The forward-backward method was used to translate the TRQ scale from English into Persian. After linguistic validation and a pilot check, a cross-sectional study was performed, and psychometric properties of the Iranian version of the questionnaire were assessed. The reliability was evaluated by Cronbach's alpha and test-retest analyses. In addition, the factor structure of the scale was extracted by applying confirmatory factor analysis.



The mean age of participants was 40.52 (SD = 11.30) years. The mean scores for the content validity index (CVI) and the content validity ratio (CVR) were 0.93 and 0.81, respectively. A confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) demonstrated that the three-factor model of the TRQ was a good fit for the data and thus replicated the factor structure of the original English language TRQ. Cronbach's alpha presented good internal consistency (alpha = 0.76), and test-retest reliability of the TRQ instrument with 2-week intervals was appropriate (ICC = 0.84).



The findings demonstrate that the Persian version of the TRQ is a reliable and valid scale for measuring time to relapse in Iranian drug users. The TRQ can be applied at the start of treatment so that clinical interventions can be targeted toward the different relapse styles.
a Department of Health Education and Promotion, School of Health , Zanjan University of Medical Sciences , Zanjan , Iran.
Maryam
M
Khazaee-Pool
b Department of Public Health, School of Health , Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences , Sanandaj , Iran.
Minoo
M
Moridi
c Faculty of Social Sciences, Faculty of Law , University of Antwerp , Antwerp , Belgium.|d Higher Institute for Family Sciences , Odisee , Brussels , Belgium.|e Antwerp Maritime Academy , Antwerp , Belgium.
Koen
K
Ponnet
f Social Epidemiological Research , Centre for Addiction and Mental Health , Toronto , Canada.|g Dalla Lana School of Public Health , University of Toronto , Toronto , Canada.|h Social Epidemiological Research & Problem Gambling Institute of Ontario , Centre for Addiction and Mental Health , Toronto , Canada.
Nigel
N
Turner
b Department of Public Health, School of Health , Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences , Sanandaj , Iran.
Tahereh
T
Pashaei
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D006801:Humans; D007492:Iran / Q000453:epidemiology; D007802:Language; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011594:Psychometrics; D012008:Recurrence; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013997:Time Factors; D055815:Young Adult
Iran; Persian version; Psychometric properties; time to relapse