Effects of Climate and Climate Change on Vectors and Vector-Borne Diseases: Ticks Are Different.
There has been considerable debate as to whether global risk from vector-borne diseases will be impacted by climate change. This has focussed on important mosquito-borne diseases that are transmitted by the vectors from infected to uninfected humans. However, this debate has mostly ignored the biological diversity of vectors and vector-borne diseases. Here, we review how climate and climate change may impact those most divergent of arthropod disease vector groups: multivoltine insects and hard-bodied (ixodid) ticks. We contrast features of the life cycles and behaviour of these arthropods, and how weather, climate, and climate change may have very different impacts on the spatiotemporal occurrence and abundance of vectors, and the pathogens they transmit.
National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, 3200 Sicotte, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, J2S 7C6, Canada; Groupe de Recherche en Épidémiologie des Zoonoses et Santé Publique, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada; National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, 1015 Arlington Street, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3E 3R2, Canada. Electronic address: nicholas.ogden@phac-aspc.gc.ca.
Nick H
NH
Ogden
National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, 1015 Arlington Street, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3E 3R2, Canada.
L Robbin
LR
Lindsay
D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal; D002980:Climate; D057231:Climate Change; D006801:Humans; D007303:Insect Vectors / Q000502:physiology*; D012098:Reproduction / Q000502:physiology; D017282:Tick-Borne Diseases / Q000469:parasitology; D013987:Ticks / Q000502:physiology*; D013997:Time Factors
climate; climate change; dipteran; mosquito; tick; vector-borne