Application of near infrared spectroscopy (NIR), X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and chemometrics to the differentiation of marmora samples from the Mediterranean basin.
Near-infrared (NIR) and X-ray fluorescence spectra were recorded for 15 different samples of marmora, from the Mediterranean Basin and of different colours. After appropriate pretreatment (SNV transform + second derivative), the results were subjected to principal component analysis (PCA) treatment with a view to differentiating them. The observed differences among the samples were chemically interpreted by highlighting the NIR wavelengths and minerals, respectively, contributing the most to the PCA models. Moreover, a mid-level data fusion protocol allowed integrating the information from the different techniques and, in particular, to correctly identify (based on the distance in the score space) three test samples of known type. Moreover, it should be stressed that positive results on the differentiation and identification of marmora were obtained using two completely non-invasive, non-destructive and relatively inexpensive techniques, which can also be used in situ.
a Department of Chemistry , University of Rome "La Sapienza" , Rome , Italy.
Federico
http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8266-1117
F
Marini
a Department of Chemistry , University of Rome "La Sapienza" , Rome , Italy.
Mauro
M
Tomassetti
b Department of Basic Applied Sciences for Engineering , University of Rome "La Sapienza" , Roma , Italy.
Mario
M
Piacentini
a Department of Chemistry , University of Rome "La Sapienza" , Rome , Italy.
Luigi
L
Campanella
a Department of Chemistry , University of Rome "La Sapienza" , Rome , Italy.
Paola
P
Flamini
D003116:Color; D019015:Geologic Sediments / Q000032:analysis*; D019083:Mediterranean Region; D008903:Minerals / Q000032:analysis; D025341:Principal Component Analysis / Q000379:methods; D013048:Specimen Handling / Q000379:methods; D013052:Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission; D019265:Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared
D008903:Minerals
  ; X-ray fluorescence (XRF); chemometrics; near-infrared spectroscopy (NIR); principal component analysis (PCA)