Photobiomodulation Therapy Decreases Oxidative Stress in the Lung Tissue after Formaldehyde Exposure: Role of Oxidant/Antioxidant Enzymes.
Formaldehyde is ubiquitous pollutant that induces oxidative stress in the lung. Several lung diseases have been associated with oxidative stress and their control is necessary. Photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) has been highlighted as a promissory treatment, but its mechanisms need to be better investigated. Our objective was to evaluate the effects of PBMT on the oxidative stress generated by FA exposure. Male Wistar rats were submitted to FA exposure of 1% or vehicle (3 days) and treated or not with PBMT (1 and 5 h after each FA exposure). Rats treated only with laser were used as control. Twenty-four hours after the last FA exposure, we analyzed the effects of PBMT on the generation of nitrites and hydrogen peroxide, oxidative burst, glutathione reductase, peroxidase, S-transferase enzyme activities, the gene expression of nitric oxide, cyclooxygenase, superoxide dismutase, the catalase enzyme, and heme oxygenase-1. PBMT reduced the generation of nitrites and hydrogen peroxide and increased oxidative burst in the lung cells. A decreased level of oxidant enzymes was observed which were concomitantly related to an increased level of antioxidants. This study provides new information about the antioxidant mechanisms of PBMT in the lung and might constitute an important tool for lung disease treatment.
Postgraduate Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, University Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), Rua Vergueiro, 235/249 Liberdade, 01504-001 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
Rodrigo
0000-0003-0529-9358
R
Silva Macedo
Postgraduate Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, University Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), Rua Vergueiro, 235/249 Liberdade, 01504-001 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
Mayara
0000-0002-5172-1065
M
Peres Leal
Department of Immunology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
Tarcio Teodoro
TT
Braga
Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
Éric Diego
ÉD
Barioni
Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
Stephanie
S
de Oliveira Duro
Postgraduate Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, University Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), Rua Vergueiro, 235/249 Liberdade, 01504-001 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
Anna Carolina
AC
Ratto Tempestini Horliana
Department of Immunology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
Niels Olsen Saraiva
NO
Câmara
Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
Tânia
T
Marcourakis
Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
Sandra Helena Poliselli
SH
Farsky
Postgraduate Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, University Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), Rua Vergueiro, 235/249 Liberdade, 01504-001 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
Adriana
A
Lino-Dos-Santos-Franco
D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D005557:Formaldehyde / Q000633:toxicity*; D005980:Glutathione Reductase / Q000378:metabolism; D051547:Heme Oxygenase-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000378:metabolism; D028022:Low-Level Light Therapy; D008168:Lung / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D009573:Nitrites / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D009195:Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D016897:Respiratory Burst / Q000187:drug effects; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism
D000975:Antioxidants; D009573:Nitrites; D005557:Formaldehyde; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D002374:Catalase; D009195:Peroxidase; D051547:Heme Oxygenase-1; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D005980:Glutathione Reductase