BMP signaling regulates the fate of chondro-osteoprogenitor cells in facial mesenchyme in a stage-specific manner.
Lineage tracing has shown that most of the facial skeleton is derived from cranial neural crest cells. However, the local signals that influence postmigratory, neural crest-derived mesenchyme also play a major role in patterning the skeleton. Here, we study the role of BMP signaling in regulating the fate of chondro-osteoprogenitor cells in the face.



A single Noggin-soaked bead inserted into stage 15 chicken embryos induced an ectopic cartilage resembling the interorbital septum within the palate and other midline structures. In contrast, the same treatment in stage 20 embryos caused a loss of bones. The molecular basis for the stage-specific response to Noggin lay in the simultaneous up-regulation of SOX9 and downregulation of RUNX2 in the maxillary mesenchyme, increased cell adhesiveness as shown by N-cadherin induction around the beads and increased RA pathway gene expression. None of these changes were observed in stage 20 embryos.



These experiments demonstrate how slight changes in expression of growth factors such as BMPs could lead to gain or loss of cartilage in the upper jaw during vertebrate evolution. In addition, BMPs have at least two roles: one in patterning the skull and another in regulating the skeletogenic fates of neural crest-derived mesenchyme. Developmental Dynamics 245:947-962, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Department of Experimental Biology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.|Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, v.v.i., Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Brno, Czech Republic.
Petra
P
Celá
Department of Experimental Biology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.|Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, v.v.i., Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Brno, Czech Republic.|Department of Oral Health Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
Marcela
M
Buchtová
Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, v.v.i., Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Brno, Czech Republic.|Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic.
Iva
I
Veselá
Department of Oral Health Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
Kathy
K
Fu
King's College London, Department of Craniofacial Development and Stem Cell Biology, London, United Kingdom.
Jean-Philippe
JP
Bogardi
Department of Oral Health Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
Yiping
Y
Song
King's College London, Department of Craniofacial Development and Stem Cell Biology, London, United Kingdom.
Amanda
A
Barlow
King's College London, Department of Craniofacial Development and Stem Cell Biology, London, United Kingdom.
Paul
P
Buxton
Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, v.v.i., Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Brno, Czech Republic.
Jirina
J
Medalová
King's College London, Department of Craniofacial Development and Stem Cell Biology, London, United Kingdom.
Philippa
P
Francis-West
Department of Oral Health Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
Joy M
JM
Richman
D000818:Animals; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology; D002642:Chick Embryo; D004625:Embryo, Nonmammalian / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D005145:Face / Q000196:embryology; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D008648:Mesoderm / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D055758:SOX9 Transcription Factor / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D000099176:Noggin Protein
D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D055758:SOX9 Transcription Factor; D000099176:Noggin Protein
Noggin; cartilage; cell fate; chicken embryo; chondro-osteoprogenitor; frontonasal mass; interorbital septum; maxillary