Neurogenomics in Africa: Perspectives, progress, possibilities and priorities.
The understanding of the genetic basis of neurological disorders has grown rapidly in the last two decades. Despite the genomic heterogeneity within African populations, large-scale candidate gene or linkage and exome studies are lacking. However, current knowledge on neurogenetics in African populations is limited and geographically very uneven. Isolated reports indicate the existence of autosomal dominant or recessive conditions incorporating cerebrovascular, movement, neuromuscular, seizure and motor neuron disorders in Africans. In addition, few African families with neurodegenerative disorders associated with dementia have been characterized in North, West and South Africa. The current insurgency in genomic research triggered by among others the Human Health and Heredity (H3) Africa Initiative indicates that there are unique opportunities to advance our knowledge and understanding of the influence of genomic variation on the pattern, presentations and prognosis of neurological disorders in Africa. These have enormous potential to unmask novel genes and molecular pathways germane to the neurobiology of brain disorders. It would facilitate the development of novel diagnostics, preventative and targeted treatments in the new paradigm of precision medicine. Nevertheless, it is crucial to strike a balance between effective traditional public health strategies and personalized genome based care. The translational barriers can be overcome through robust stakeholder engagement and sustainable multilevel, multigenerational and multidisciplinary capacity building and infrastructural development for genomic medicine in Africa.
Institute for Advanced Medical Research and Training, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria; Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, UK. Electronic address: rufusakinyemi@yahoo.com.
Rufus O
RO
Akinyemi
Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria.
Mayowa O
MO
Owolabi
Department of Human Genetics, University of Glasgow, UK.
Tolulope
T
Oyeniyi
Department of Neurosciences, Medical University of South Carolina, USA.
Bruce
B
Ovbiagele
School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA.
Donna K
DK
Arnett
School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA.
Hemant K
HK
Tiwari
Institute of Health and Society, Newcastle University, UK.
Richard
R
Walker
Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria.
Adesola
A
Ogunniyi
Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, UK. Electronic address: r.n.kalaria@ncl.ac.uk.
Raj N
RN
Kalaria
D000349:Africa; D044383:Black People / Q000235:genetics*; D057191:Capacity Building; D023281:Genomics / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D009422:Nervous System Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000628:therapy
Africa; Burden of disease; Capacity building; Genetics; Genomics; Neurological disorders