Homogeneous Biosensing Based on Magnetic Particle Labels.
The growing availability of biomarker panels for molecular diagnostics is leading to an increasing need for fast and sensitive biosensing technologies that are applicable to point-of-care testing. In that regard, homogeneous measurement principles are especially relevant as they usually do not require extensive sample preparation procedures, thus reducing the total analysis time and maximizing ease-of-use. In this review, we focus on homogeneous biosensors for the in vitro detection of biomarkers. Within this broad range of biosensors, we concentrate on methods that apply magnetic particle labels. The advantage of such methods lies in the added possibility to manipulate the particle labels by applied magnetic fields, which can be exploited, for example, to decrease incubation times or to enhance the signal-to-noise-ratio of the measurement signal by applying frequency-selective detection. In our review, we discriminate the corresponding methods based on the nature of the acquired measurement signal, which can either be based on magnetic or optical detection. The underlying measurement principles of the different techniques are discussed, and biosensing examples for all techniques are reported, thereby demonstrating the broad applicability of homogeneous in vitro biosensing based on magnetic particle label actuation.
Molecular Diagnostics, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology, Vienna1220, Austria. stefan.schrittwieser@ait.ac.at.
Stefan
S
Schrittwieser
Fachbereich Physik, Philipps-Universit&#228;t Marburg, Marburg 35037, Germany. beatriz.pelazgarcia@physik.uni-marburg.de.
Beatriz
B
Pelaz
Fachbereich Physik, Philipps-Universit&#228;t Marburg, Marburg 35037, Germany. wolfgang.parak@physik.uni-marburg.de.
Wolfgang J
WJ
Parak
Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie des Nano-objets (LPCNO), Universit&#233; de Toulouse, INSA, UPS, CNRS, Toulouse 31077, France. sergiolentijo@gmail.com.
Sergio
S
Lentijo-Mozo
Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie des Nano-objets (LPCNO), Universit&#233; de Toulouse, INSA, UPS, CNRS, Toulouse 31077, France. ksoulant@insa-toulouse.fr.
Katerina
K
Soulantica
Institute of Electrical Measurement and Fundamental Electrical Engineering, TU Braunschweig, Braunschweig 38106, Germany. j.dieckhoff@uke.de.
Jan
J
Dieckhoff
Institute of Electrical Measurement and Fundamental Electrical Engineering, TU Braunschweig, Braunschweig 38106, Germany. f.ludwig@tu-bs.de.
Frank
F
Ludwig
Experimentalphysik, Universit&#228;t des Saarlandes, Saarbr&#252;cken 66123, Germany. annegret.guenther@web.de.
Annegret
A
Guenther
Experimentalphysik, Universit&#228;t des Saarlandes, Saarbr&#252;cken 66123, Germany. a.tschoepe@nano.uni-saarland.de.
Andreas
A
Tschöpe
Molecular Diagnostics, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology, Vienna1220, Austria. joerg.schotter@ait.ac.at.
Joerg
J
Schotter
D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis*; D015374:Biosensing Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D060526:Magnetic Fields; D008280:Magnetics; D057089:Pathology, Molecular / Q000379:methods*
D015415:Biomarkers
AC susceptibility; NMR; asynchronous magnetorotation; biosensor; homogeneous assay; magnetic nanoparticle; magnetic relaxation switch; magneto-optics; magnetorelaxation; nanorod