Hormone-Based Treatments in Subfertile Males.
Subfertility is defined as the condition of being less than normally fertile though still capable of effecting fertilization. When these subfertile couples seek assistance for conception, a thorough evaluation of male endocrine function is often overlooked. Spermatogenesis is a complex process where even subtle alterations in this process can lead to subfertility or infertility. Male endocrine abnormalities may suggest a specific diagnosis contributing to subfertility; however, in many patients, the underlying etiology is still unknown. Optimizing underlying endocrine abnormalities may improve spermatogenesis and fertility. This manuscript reviews reproductive endocrine abnormalities and hormone-based treatments.
Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Utah Health Care, 30 N 1900 E, Rm 3B420, Salt Lake City, UT, 84132, USA.
Darshan P
DP
Patel
Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Utah Health Care, 30 N 1900 E, Rm 3B420, Salt Lake City, UT, 84132, USA. Jason.chandrapal@hsc.utah.edu.
Jason C
JC
Chandrapal
Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Utah Health Care, 30 N 1900 E, Rm 3B420, Salt Lake City, UT, 84132, USA.
James M
JM
Hotaling
D000312:Adrenal Hyperplasia, Congenital / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis; D013734:Androgen-Insensitivity Syndrome / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis; D047072:Aromatase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006063:Chorionic Gonadotropin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002996:Clomiphene / Q000627:therapeutic use; D043373:Follicle Stimulating Hormone, Human / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D006966:Hyperprolactinemia / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis; D007006:Hypogonadism / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis; D007248:Infertility, Male / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D008297:Male; D008596:Menotropins / Q000627:therapeutic use; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications; D012102:Reproductive Control Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D020845:Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013629:Tamoxifen / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013959:Thyroid Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis
D047072:Aromatase Inhibitors; D006063:Chorionic Gonadotropin; D043373:Follicle Stimulating Hormone, Human; D012102:Reproductive Control Agents; D020845:Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators; D013629:Tamoxifen; D002996:Clomiphene; D008596:Menotropins
Aromatase inhibitors; Azoospermia; Clomiphene citrate; Hormone-based therapies; Human chorionic gonadotropin; Male infertility