Fasting, Circadian Rhythms, and Time-Restricted Feeding in Healthy Lifespan.
Most animals alternate periods of feeding with periods of fasting often coinciding with sleep. Upon >24 hr of fasting, humans, rodents, and other mammals enter alternative metabolic phases, which rely less on glucose and more on ketone body-like carbon sources. Both intermittent and periodic fasting result in benefits ranging from the prevention to the enhanced treatment of diseases. Similarly, time-restricted feeding (TRF), in which food consumption is restricted to certain hours of the day, allows the daily fasting period to last >12 hr, thus imparting pleiotropic benefits. Understanding the mechanistic link between nutrients and the fasting benefits is leading to the identification of fasting-mimicking diets (FMDs) that achieve changes similar to those caused by fasting. Given the pleiotropic and sustained benefits of TRF and FMDs, both basic science and translational research are warranted to develop fasting-associated interventions into feasible, effective, and inexpensive treatments with the potential to improve healthspan.
Longevity Institute and Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; IFOM, FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Via Adamello, 16, 20139 Milano, Italy. Electronic address: vlongo@usc.edu.
Valter D
VD
Longo
Regulatory Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA. Electronic address: satchin@salk.edu.
Satchidananda
S
Panda
D000818:Animals; D002940:Circadian Rhythm / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D004032:Diet; D004435:Eating / Q000502:physiology; D005215:Fasting / Q000502:physiology*; D005247:Feeding Behavior / Q000502:physiology*; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007659:Ketones / Q000378:metabolism; D008322:Mammals; D051379:Mice
D007659:Ketones; D005947:Glucose