Evaluation of Adherence Should Become an Integral Part of Assessment of Patients With Apparently Treatment-Resistant Hypertension.
From the Pole of Cardiovascular Research, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium (A.P., E.B.); Department of Medical Sciences, Internal Medicine and Hypertension Division, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza, Turin, Italy (F.R., E.B.); Division of Cardiology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium (A.P.); Studies Coordinating Centre, Research Unit Hypertension and Cardiovascular Epidemiology, KU Leuven Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (J.A.S.); R&D VitaK Group, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands (J.A.S.); Paris-Descartes University, F-75005 Paris, France (M.A.); Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hypertension Unit, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, F-75015 Paris, France (M.A.); Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre d'Investigations Cliniques 1418, F-75015 Paris, France (M.A.); Department of Cardiology (S.E.K.) and Department of Nephrology (A.H.), Ullevaal University Hospital, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; and Clinical Chemistry Department, Cliniques Universitaires St Luc, Brussels, Belgium; Louvain Center for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium (P.W, A.C.).
Elena
E
Berra
From the Pole of Cardiovascular Research, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium (A.P., E.B.); Department of Medical Sciences, Internal Medicine and Hypertension Division, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza, Turin, Italy (F.R., E.B.); Division of Cardiology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium (A.P.); Studies Coordinating Centre, Research Unit Hypertension and Cardiovascular Epidemiology, KU Leuven Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (J.A.S.); R&D VitaK Group, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands (J.A.S.); Paris-Descartes University, F-75005 Paris, France (M.A.); Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hypertension Unit, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, F-75015 Paris, France (M.A.); Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre d'Investigations Cliniques 1418, F-75015 Paris, France (M.A.); Department of Cardiology (S.E.K.) and Department of Nephrology (A.H.), Ullevaal University Hospital, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; and Clinical Chemistry Department, Cliniques Universitaires St Luc, Brussels, Belgium; Louvain Center for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium (P.W, A.C.).
Michel
M
Azizi
From the Pole of Cardiovascular Research, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium (A.P., E.B.); Department of Medical Sciences, Internal Medicine and Hypertension Division, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza, Turin, Italy (F.R., E.B.); Division of Cardiology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium (A.P.); Studies Coordinating Centre, Research Unit Hypertension and Cardiovascular Epidemiology, KU Leuven Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (J.A.S.); R&D VitaK Group, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands (J.A.S.); Paris-Descartes University, F-75005 Paris, France (M.A.); Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hypertension Unit, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, F-75015 Paris, France (M.A.); Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre d'Investigations Cliniques 1418, F-75015 Paris, France (M.A.); Department of Cardiology (S.E.K.) and Department of Nephrology (A.H.), Ullevaal University Hospital, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; and Clinical Chemistry Department, Cliniques Universitaires St Luc, Brussels, Belgium; Louvain Center for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium (P.W, A.C.).
Arnaud
A
Capron
From the Pole of Cardiovascular Research, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium (A.P., E.B.); Department of Medical Sciences, Internal Medicine and Hypertension Division, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza, Turin, Italy (F.R., E.B.); Division of Cardiology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium (A.P.); Studies Coordinating Centre, Research Unit Hypertension and Cardiovascular Epidemiology, KU Leuven Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (J.A.S.); R&D VitaK Group, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands (J.A.S.); Paris-Descartes University, F-75005 Paris, France (M.A.); Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hypertension Unit, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, F-75015 Paris, France (M.A.); Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre d'Investigations Cliniques 1418, F-75015 Paris, France (M.A.); Department of Cardiology (S.E.K.) and Department of Nephrology (A.H.), Ullevaal University Hospital, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; and Clinical Chemistry Department, Cliniques Universitaires St Luc, Brussels, Belgium; Louvain Center for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium (P.W, A.C.).
Aud
A
Høieggen
From the Pole of Cardiovascular Research, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium (A.P., E.B.); Department of Medical Sciences, Internal Medicine and Hypertension Division, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza, Turin, Italy (F.R., E.B.); Division of Cardiology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium (A.P.); Studies Coordinating Centre, Research Unit Hypertension and Cardiovascular Epidemiology, KU Leuven Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (J.A.S.); R&D VitaK Group, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands (J.A.S.); Paris-Descartes University, F-75005 Paris, France (M.A.); Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hypertension Unit, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, F-75015 Paris, France (M.A.); Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre d'Investigations Cliniques 1418, F-75015 Paris, France (M.A.); Department of Cardiology (S.E.K.) and Department of Nephrology (A.H.), Ullevaal University Hospital, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; and Clinical Chemistry Department, Cliniques Universitaires St Luc, Brussels, Belgium; Louvain Center for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium (P.W, A.C.).
Franco
F
Rabbia
From the Pole of Cardiovascular Research, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium (A.P., E.B.); Department of Medical Sciences, Internal Medicine and Hypertension Division, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza, Turin, Italy (F.R., E.B.); Division of Cardiology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium (A.P.); Studies Coordinating Centre, Research Unit Hypertension and Cardiovascular Epidemiology, KU Leuven Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (J.A.S.); R&D VitaK Group, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands (J.A.S.); Paris-Descartes University, F-75005 Paris, France (M.A.); Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hypertension Unit, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, F-75015 Paris, France (M.A.); Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre d'Investigations Cliniques 1418, F-75015 Paris, France (M.A.); Department of Cardiology (S.E.K.) and Department of Nephrology (A.H.), Ullevaal University Hospital, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; and Clinical Chemistry Department, Cliniques Universitaires St Luc, Brussels, Belgium; Louvain Center for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium (P.W, A.C.).
Sverre E
SE
Kjeldsen
From the Pole of Cardiovascular Research, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium (A.P., E.B.); Department of Medical Sciences, Internal Medicine and Hypertension Division, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza, Turin, Italy (F.R., E.B.); Division of Cardiology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium (A.P.); Studies Coordinating Centre, Research Unit Hypertension and Cardiovascular Epidemiology, KU Leuven Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (J.A.S.); R&D VitaK Group, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands (J.A.S.); Paris-Descartes University, F-75005 Paris, France (M.A.); Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hypertension Unit, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, F-75015 Paris, France (M.A.); Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre d'Investigations Cliniques 1418, F-75015 Paris, France (M.A.); Department of Cardiology (S.E.K.) and Department of Nephrology (A.H.), Ullevaal University Hospital, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; and Clinical Chemistry Department, Cliniques Universitaires St Luc, Brussels, Belgium; Louvain Center for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium (P.W, A.C.).
Jan A
JA
Staessen
From the Pole of Cardiovascular Research, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium (A.P., E.B.); Department of Medical Sciences, Internal Medicine and Hypertension Division, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza, Turin, Italy (F.R., E.B.); Division of Cardiology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium (A.P.); Studies Coordinating Centre, Research Unit Hypertension and Cardiovascular Epidemiology, KU Leuven Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (J.A.S.); R&D VitaK Group, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands (J.A.S.); Paris-Descartes University, F-75005 Paris, France (M.A.); Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hypertension Unit, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, F-75015 Paris, France (M.A.); Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre d'Investigations Cliniques 1418, F-75015 Paris, France (M.A.); Department of Cardiology (S.E.K.) and Department of Nephrology (A.H.), Ullevaal University Hospital, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; and Clinical Chemistry Department, Cliniques Universitaires St Luc, Brussels, Belgium; Louvain Center for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium (P.W, A.C.).
Pierre
P
Wallemacq
From the Pole of Cardiovascular Research, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium (A.P., E.B.); Department of Medical Sciences, Internal Medicine and Hypertension Division, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza, Turin, Italy (F.R., E.B.); Division of Cardiology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium (A.P.); Studies Coordinating Centre, Research Unit Hypertension and Cardiovascular Epidemiology, KU Leuven Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (J.A.S.); R&D VitaK Group, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands (J.A.S.); Paris-Descartes University, F-75005 Paris, France (M.A.); Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hypertension Unit, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, F-75015 Paris, France (M.A.); Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre d'Investigations Cliniques 1418, F-75015 Paris, France (M.A.); Department of Cardiology (S.E.K.) and Department of Nephrology (A.H.), Ullevaal University Hospital, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; and Clinical Chemistry Department, Cliniques Universitaires St Luc, Brussels, Belgium; Louvain Center for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium (P.W, A.C.). alexandre.persu@uclouvain.be.
Alexandre
A
Persu
D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004351:Drug Resistance; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008297:Male; D055118:Medication Adherence
D000959:Antihypertensive Agents