Czech version of OPQOL-35 questionnaire: the evaluation of the psychometric properties.
BACKGROUND
Both prognoses and real demographic trends in developed countries point to the increasing proportion in the population of people above 65 years of age. One of important themes of care for seniors is the assessment of their quality of life. To evaluate the quality of life of seniors three types of tools can be used: general generic tools; generic tools used for the age group of elderly persons; specific tools to detect the quality of life of the elderly who are affected by specific diseases.


METHODS
The second type of tool is represented by the OPQOL - 35 questionnaire (Older People's Quality of Life Questionnaire), which was developed in the UK. It has 35 items and deals with 8 domains of quality of life. With the consent of the author the questionnaire was translated into Czech and verified in a group of 478 seniors aged 60 and above (40 % males, 60 % females). Unlike the British version, the Czech version has seven factors: 1 Role of belief, religion and culture; 2 Health; independence, active life; 3 Financial situation; 4 Family and safe environment; 5 Loneliness; 6 Satisfaction with life; 7 Positive approach to life.


RESULTS
The Czech version has a very good reliability (Cronbach's alpha ranges from .726 to .905). It also has satisfactory validity. The results show that with increasing age and number of health problems the satisfaction of the elderly is declining in all seven domains. Conversely, the degree of autonomy in the way of living is positively associated with the satisfaction of seniors. Old people who live alone at home, are self-sufficient and do not need the help of others, are more satisfied with their quality of life than other seniors (i.e..those who are living with their children, in sheltered accommodation or in homes for the elderly). Single, married seniors and seniors with a partner are happier than the widowed ones.


CONCLUSIONS
The questionnaire gives good guidance for assessing the current state of the quality of life of seniors, changes in quality over time and for targeted interventions as well.
Department of Social Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, CZ, Czech Republic. mares@lfhk.cuni.cz.
Jiri
J
Mares
Department of Psychology, Masaryk University, Faculty of Social Sciences in Brno, Brno, CZ, Czech Republic.
Hynek
H
Cigler
Department of Social Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, CZ, Czech Republic.
Eva
E
Vachkova
D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000375:Aging / Q000523:psychology; D018153:Czech Republic; D005006:Ethnicity; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D008132:Loneliness; D008297:Male; D010549:Personal Satisfaction; D011594:Psychometrics; D011788:Quality of Life; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012944:Social Support; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
Assessment; Factor structure; OPQOL-35 questionnaire; Quality of life; Reliability; Seniors; Validity