A Multidimensional Analysis of Prostate Surgery Costs in the United States: Robotic-Assisted versus Retropubic Radical Prostatectomy.
BACKGROUND
The economic value of robotic-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy (RALP) in the United States is still not well understood because of limited view analyses.


OBJECTIVE
The objective of this study was to examine the costs and benefits of RALP versus retropubic radical prostatectomy from an expanded view, including hospital, payer, and societal perspectives.


METHODS
We performed a model-based cost comparison using clinical outcomes obtained from a systematic review of the published literature. Equipment costs were obtained from the manufacturer of the robotic system; other economic model parameters were obtained from government agencies, online resources, commercially available databases, an advisory expert panel, and the literature. Clinical point estimates and care pathways based on National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines were used to model costs out to 3 years. Hospital costs and costs incurred for the patients' postdischarge complications, adjuvant and salvage radiation treatment, incontinence and potency treatment, and lost wages during recovery were considered. Robotic system costs were modeled in two ways: as hospital overhead (hospital overhead calculation: RALP-H) and as a function of robotic case volume (robotic amortization calculation: RALP-R). All costs were adjusted to year 2014 US dollars.


RESULTS
Because of more favorable clinical outcomes over 3 years, RALP provided hospital ($1094 savings with RALP-H, $341 deficit with RALP-R), payer ($1451), and societal ($1202) economic benefits relative to retropubic radical prostatectomy.


CONCLUSIONS
Monte-Carlo probabilistic sensitivity analysis demonstrated a 38% to 99% probability that RALP provides cost savings (depending on the perspective). Higher surgical consumable costs are offset by a decreased hospital stay, lower complication rate, and faster return to work.
Intuitive Surgical, Sunnyvale, CA, USA.
Akash
A
Bijlani
Intuitive Surgical, Sunnyvale, CA, USA.
April E
AE
Hebert
Intuitive Surgical, Sunnyvale, CA, USA; Health Advances, LLC, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Mike
M
Davitian
Health Advances, LLC, Weston, MA, USA; Health Advances, LLC, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Holly
H
May
Health Advances, LLC, Weston, MA, USA; Health Advances, LLC, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Mark
M
Speers
Department of Urology, Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY, USA.
Robert
R
Leung
Department of Urology, Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY, USA.
Nihal E
NE
Mohamed
Thomas C. Chalmers Clinical Trials Unit, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
Henry S
HS
Sacks
Department of Urology, Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY, USA. Electronic address: ash.tewari@mountsinai.org.
Ashutosh
A
Tewari
D003365:Costs and Cost Analysis; D017048:Health Care Costs; D017721:Hospital Costs / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000191:economics; D008297:Male; D015201:Meta-Analysis as Topic; D018803:Models, Economic; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000191:economics; D011468:Prostatectomy / Q000191:economics* / Q000379:methods*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000191:economics* / Q000601:surgery*; D065287:Robotic Surgical Procedures / Q000191:economics* / Q000379:methods; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014481:United States
RALP; RRP; cost-comparison analysis; economic