Standardization of compounded oral liquids for pediatric patients in Michigan.
OBJECTIVE
The development, dissemination, and adoption of standard concentrations for compounded oral liquids for pediatric patients in Michigan are described.


CONCLUSIONS
A baseline assessment of current practices in Michigan revealed significant variations in the concentrations of commonly used oral liquid medicines for pediatric patients. A statewide collaborative initiative in Michigan was created to standardize the concentrations of compounded oral liquids for pediatric patients. Standard concentrations were proposed and adopted by key stakeholders. These standards were then disseminated across the state to prescribers and pharmacists, with encouragement to voluntarily adopt the standards as a patient safety measure. A follow-up survey was conducted to evaluate adoption of the standards. A total of 263 pharmacists responded to the survey. Standardization of the concentrations of compounded oral liquids in Michigan was welcomed by most pharmacies and is perceived to have reduced the risk for errors at transitions of care for children receiving compounded oral liquids. Awareness of the standardization initiative was acknowledged by 77% of survey respondents, and adoption of the standards was observed to some degree by 57% of survey respondents. In addition, 70% of survey respondents agreed or strongly agreed that adoption of the standards has improved patient safety in Michigan.


CONCLUSIONS
Standard drug concentrations for compounded oral liquids were developed for pediatric patients in Michigan. A survey after dissemination of the recommended standards confirmed general awareness of the initiative and adoption of the standards by a substantial proportion of respondents. Most respondents indicated a belief that creation of the standards improved patient safety.
University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI.
Melanie J
MJ
Engels
University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI.
Scott L
SL
Ciarkowski
PACE Southeast Michigan, Detroit, MI.
Janis
J
Rood
Munson Healthcare Grayling Hospital, Grayling, MI.
Bryan
B
Wang
Michigan Pharmacists Association, Lansing, MI.
Larry D
LD
Wagenknecht
C. S. Mott Children's Hospital and Von Voigtlander Women's Hospital, Ann Arbor, MI.
Chris J
CJ
Dickinson
University of Michigan College of Pharmacy, Ann Arbor, MI, and Visante, Inc., St. Paul, MN. jimsteve@umich.edu.
James G
JG
Stevenson
D000284:Administration, Oral; D003157:Community Pharmacy Services / Q000592:standards*; D004339:Drug Compounding / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards*; D006801:Humans; D020407:Internet / Q000592:standards; D008824:Michigan; D010372:Pediatrics / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards*; D019999:Pharmaceutical Solutions / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000592:standards*; D010595:Pharmacists / Q000592:standards*; D012580:Schools, Pharmacy / Q000592:standards; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
D019999:Pharmaceutical Solutions