Free recall and outdoor running: cognitive and physical demand interference.
Cognitive resource theory is a proposed explanation for people's limited ability to perform multiple tasks simultaneously. Reallocation of a restricted supply of cognitive resources to two or more tasks may be detrimental to performance on one or both tasks. Many professionals in high-risk fields, such as those engaged in firefighting, military, and search and rescue missions, face simultaneous mental and physical demands, yet little is known about the resources required to move over the natural terrain these operators may encounter. In the present research, we investigated whether interference was found between outdoor running and a word recall task. As hypothesized, a reduction in word recall was observed in the dual task compared to a recall-alone task; however, the distance run was not significantly different between the dual task and the run-alone task. Subjective reports of workload, task focus, and being "spent" (measures calculated from responses on a questionnaire) were greatest in the dual task. These results support the cognitive resource theory and have important theoretical and practical implications. Further research is required to better understand the type and extent of cognitive resources required by such physical tasks and the potential interference with simultaneous mental tasks.
Department of Psychology, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, 8140, New Zealand. Samantha.Epling@pg.canterbury.ac.nz.
Samantha L
SL
Epling
Department of Psychology, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, 8140, New Zealand.
Megan J
MJ
Blakely
Department of Psychology, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, 8140, New Zealand.
Paul N
PN
Russell
Department of Psychology, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, 8140, New Zealand.
William S
WS
Helton
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D003071:Cognition / Q000502:physiology*; D015444:Exercise; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011939:Mental Recall / Q000502:physiology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D011582:Psychological Theory; D012420:Running / Q000502:physiology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014706:Verbal Learning; D014825:Vocabulary; D055815:Young Adult
Attention; Cognitive resource theory; Dual task; Running; Working memory