Enhanced electrochemical sensing of leukemia cells using drug/lipid co-immobilized on the conducting polymer layer.
Electrochemical biosensors using five anticancer drug and lipid molecules attached on the conducting polymer layer to obtain the orientation of drug molecules toward cancer cells, were evaluated as sensing materials and their performances were compared. Conjugation of the drug molecules with a lipid, phosphatidylcholine (PC) has enhanced the sensitivity towards leukemia cells and differentiates cancer cells from normal cells. The composition of each layer of sensor probe was confirmed by electrochemical and surface characterization experiments. Both impedance spectroscopy and voltammetry show the enhanced interaction of leukemia cells using the drug/lipid modified sensor probe. As the number of leukemia cells increased, the charge transfer resistance (Rct) in impedance spectra increased and the amine oxidation peak current of drug molecules in voltammograms decreased at around 0.7-1.0V. Of test drug molecules, raltitrexed (Rtx) showed the best performance for the cancer cells detection. Cancer and normal cell lines from different origins were examined to evaluate the degree of expression of folate receptors (FR) on cells surface, where cervical HeLa cell line was found to be shown the highest expression of the receptor. Impedance and chronoamperometric experiments for leukemia cell line (Jurkat E6-1) showed linear dynamic ranges of 1.0×10(3)-2.5×10(5) cells/mL and 1.0×10(3)-8.0×10(3) cells/mL with detection limits of 68±5 cells/mL and 21±3 cells/mL, respectively.
Department of Chemistry and Institute of BioPhysio Sensor Technology (IBST), Pusan National University, Busan 46241, South Korea.
N G
NG
Gurudatt
Department of Chemistry and Institute of BioPhysio Sensor Technology (IBST), Pusan National University, Busan 46241, South Korea.
M Halappa
MH
Naveen
Biosensor & Structural Biology Lab., Department of Chemistry Pohang University of Science and Technology, Hyojadong, Namgu, Pohang, Gyungbuk 790-784, South Korea.
Changill
C
Ban
Department of Chemistry and Institute of BioPhysio Sensor Technology (IBST), Pusan National University, Busan 46241, South Korea. Electronic address: ybshim@pusan.ac.kr.
Yoon-Bo
YB
Shim
D000327:Adsorption; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000737:chemistry*; D002452:Cell Count / Q000295:instrumentation*; D003217:Conductometry / Q000295:instrumentation*; D004553:Electric Conductivity; D004566:Electrodes; D004867:Equipment Design; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D019169:Jurkat Cells; D007942:Leukemia, Experimental / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D008055:Lipids / Q000737:chemistry; D010713:Phosphatidylcholines / Q000737:chemistry*; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D008055:Lipids; D010713:Phosphatidylcholines; D011108:Polymers
Anticancer drug molecules; Cancer; Conducting polymer; Folate receptors; Leukemia cells