Pediatric tracheostomy.
Tracheotomy refers to a surgical incision made into a trachea. Tracheostomy, on the other hand, refers to a surgical procedure whereby the tracheal lumen is positioned in close proximity to the skin surface. Tracheostomy is an uncommon procedure in the pediatric population. When required tracheostomy is typically performed as an open surgical procedure under general anesthesia with the patient intubated. However, it may need to be performed under local anesthesia or over a rigid bronchoscope in the patient with a precarious airway. Over the past half century, the primary indication for pediatric tracheostomy has shifted from acute infectious airway compromise to the need for prolonged ventilatory support in neurologically compromised children. The surgical technique, choice of tracheostomy tube, and post-operative care requires a nuanced approach in infants and young children. This article will review these topics in a comprehensive fashion.
Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, 555 University Ave, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1×8. Electronic address: paolo.campisi@sickkids.ca.
Paolo
P
Campisi
Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, 555 University Ave, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1×8.
Vito
V
Forte
D002648:Child; D006801:Humans; D007431:Intraoperative Complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D010372:Pediatrics; D019990:Perioperative Care / Q000379:methods; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D014139:Tracheostomy / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*
Complication; Pediatric indication; Post-operative care; Technique; Tracheostomy