Alterations of Intestinal Microbiome by Antibiotic Therapy in Hospitalized Children.
The administration of antimicrobial agents leads to an ecological imbalance of the host-microorganisms relationship, and it causes a rapid and significant reduction in the microbial diversity. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the impact of antibiotic therapy on intestinal microbiota of children between 3 and 12 years of age. The fecal samples were collected from hospitalized children (n = 31) and from healthy untreated children (n = 30). The presence of bacteria and their quantities were assessed by culture-based methods and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). By culture method, in the children receiving antibiotics, a low recovery of Bifidobacterium spp. (54.8%), Bacteroides spp./Parabacteroides spp. (54.8%), Clostridium spp. (35.5%), and Escherichia coli (74.2%) was observed compared with the children without antibiotic therapy (100%, 80%, 63.3%, and 86.6%, respectively). By qPCR, the children receiving antibiotics showed a lower copy number for all microorganisms, except to Lactobacillus spp. (p = 0.0092). In comparison to the nontreated children, the antibiotic-treated children showed a significantly lower copy number of Bifidobacterium spp. (p = 0.0002), Clostridium perfringens (p < 0.0001), E. coli (p = 0.0268), Methanobrevibacter smithii (p = 0.0444), and phylum Firmicutes (p = 0.0009). In conclusion, our results obtained through qualitative and quantitative analyses, demonstrate that antibiotic therapy affect the intestinal microbiome of children.
1 Anaerobe Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo , São Paulo, Brazil .
Miriam R
MR
Fernandes
1 Anaerobe Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo , São Paulo, Brazil .
Aline
A
Ignacio
1 Anaerobe Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo , São Paulo, Brazil .
Viviane A A
VA
Rodrigues
2 Campinas State University , Campinas, Brazil .
Franciso C
FC
Groppo
3 Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Children, University of São Paulo , São Paulo, Brazil .
Ary L
AL
Cardoso
1 Anaerobe Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo , São Paulo, Brazil .
Mario J
MJ
Avila-Campos
1 Anaerobe Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo , São Paulo, Brazil .
Viviane
V
Nakano
D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology; D015373:Bacterial Typing Techniques; D001439:Bacteroides / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development / Q000302:isolation & purification; D001644:Bifidobacterium / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development / Q000302:isolation & purification; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003013:Clostridium / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development / Q000302:isolation & purification; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics*; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development / Q000302:isolation & purification; D005243:Feces / Q000382:microbiology; D005260:Female; D000068536:Bacillota / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development / Q000302:isolation & purification; D000069196:Gastrointestinal Microbiome / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D007778:Lactobacillus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development / Q000302:isolation & purification; D008297:Male; D041581:Methanobrevibacter / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development / Q000302:isolation & purification
D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D004269:DNA, Bacterial
Escherichia coli; anaerobic bacteria; antibiotic therapy; children; microbiome