Host parasite communications-Messages from helminths for the immune system: Parasite communication and cell-cell interactions.
Helminths are metazoan organisms many of which have evolved parasitic life styles dependent on sophisticated manipulation of the host environment. Most notably, they down-regulate host immune responses to ensure their own survival, by exporting a range of immuno-modulatory mediators that interact with host cells and tissues. While a number of secreted immunoregulatory parasite proteins have been defined, new work also points to the release of extracellular vesicles, or exosomes, that interact with and manipulate host gene expression. These recent results are discussed in the overall context of how helminths communicate effectively with the host organism.
Institute for Immunology and Infection Research, and Centre for Immunity, Infection and Evolution, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, UK.
Gillian
G
Coakley
Institute for Immunology and Infection Research, and Centre for Immunity, Infection and Evolution, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, UK.
Amy H
AH
Buck
Wellcome Trust Centre for Molecular Parasitology, Institute of Infection, Immunology and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, 120 University Place, Glasgow, G12 8TA, UK. Electronic address: rick.maizels@glasgow.ac.uk.
Rick M
RM
Maizels
D000818:Animals; D002450:Cell Communication; D015801:Helminth Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D006376:Helminths / Q000276:immunology* / Q000502:physiology*; D006790:Host-Parasite Interactions; D006801:Humans; D057131:Immune Evasion; D007155:Immunologic Factors / Q000378:metabolism
D015801:Helminth Proteins; D007155:Immunologic Factors
Parasite communications