Prior alcohol consumption does not impair go/no-go discrimination learning, but causes over-responding on go trials, in rats.
Prior alcohol use is associated with impaired response inhibition in humans, including in laboratory go/no-go discrimination tasks. In two experiments, we determined whether chronic intermittent access to alcohol would alter go/no-go discrimination learning. Rats received 4-6 weeks of chronic intermittent access to 20% alcohol (alone or accompanied by saline or 1.5g/kg alcohol injections) or water. Rats then began discrimination training 4-5days after the end of the alcohol access. Each lever was available for 40s with one lever intermittently reinforced ("active lever") and the other lever non-reinforced ("inactive lever"). The rats given access to alcohol without concurrent alcohol injections drank ∼10g/kg/24-h on average during the last three weeks of alcohol access. The groups given alcohol injections (Alcohol+Injection groups) exhibited suppressed drinking, but the Alcohol+Injection groups exhibited higher blood alcohol spikes than all other alcohol groups (195 vs. 85-90mg/dl, respectively). We found no evidence for impaired go/no-go discrimination learning in either experiment. However, the alcohol access groups with moderate-to-high average alcohol consumption (>3g/kg/24-h) exhibited over-responding to the active lever compared to the water-only groups. One group given alcohol injections (Alcohol+Injection group) that exhibited very low voluntary drinking (<1g/kg/24-h) did not exhibit the over-responding effect, suggesting that the total 24-h alcohol dose matters more than short-lived blood alcohol spikes. Our findings are in accord with previous research showing that repeated alcohol withdrawal causes over-responding for responses that lead to limited reinforcement. Future work will determine the psychological and neurobiological basis of this behavioral change.
Department of Psychological Sciences, College of Arts & Sciences, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, United States. Electronic address: pickens@ksu.edu.
Charles L
CL
Pickens
Department of Psychological Sciences, College of Arts & Sciences, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, United States.
Hayley
H
Fisher
Department of Psychological Sciences, College of Arts & Sciences, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, United States.
Nicholas
N
Bright
Department of Psychological Sciences, College of Arts & Sciences, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, United States.
Mark
M
Gallo
Department of Psychological Sciences, College of Arts & Sciences, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, United States.
Madelyn H
MH
Ray
Department of Anatomy and Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, United States.
Antje
A
Anji
Department of Anatomy and Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, United States.
Meena
M
Kumari
D000428:Alcohol Drinking; D000818:Animals; D003216:Conditioning, Operant / Q000187:drug effects; D004193:Discrimination Learning / Q000187:drug effects*; D000431:Ethanol / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008297:Male; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000187:drug effects; D051381:Rats; D020318:Rats, Long-Evans; D012054:Reinforcement, Psychology
D000431:Ethanol
Alcohol; Discrimination learning; Impulsivity; Inhibitory control; Operant conditioning; Withdrawal