The role of routine preoperative upper endoscopy in bariatric surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
BACKGROUND
The necessity of routine preoperative esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) before bariatric surgery is controversial. European guidelines recommend routine EGD while North American guidelines recommend a selective approach.


OBJECTIVE
Perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the proportion and scope of clinical findings discovered at preoperative EGD.


METHODS
Academic hospital, Canada.


METHODS
A search of MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane databases included MeSH terms "bariatric surgery," "endoscopy," and "preoperative." Inclusion criteria were any case series, cohort study, or clinical trial describing results of preoperative EGD for any bariatric surgery. Exclusion criteria were studies with<10 patients, patients<18 years of age, or revisional operations. Changes in surgical and medical management and proportions of pathologic findings were extracted and combined in a meta-analysis using the random effects model.


RESULTS
Initial search identified 532 citations. Forty-eight were included after full text review. Included studies comprised 12,261 patients with a mean (SD) age of 40.5 (1.3) years and body mass index of 46.3 (1.5) kg/m(2). The majority of patients (77.1%) were female. The proportion of EGDs resulting in a change in surgical management was 7.8%. After removing benign findings with controversial impact on management (hiatal hernia, gastritis, peptic ulcer), this was found to be .4%. Changes in medical management were seen in 27.5%, but after eliminating Helicobacter pylori eradication, this was found to be 2.5%.


CONCLUSIONS
Preoperative EGD in average-risk, asymptomatic bariatric surgery patients should be considered optional, as the proportion of EGDs that resulted in important changes in management was low.
Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
Sean
S
Bennett
University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
Mišo
M
Gostimir
The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
Risa
R
Shorr
Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
Ranjeeta
R
Mallick
Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
Joseph
J
Mamazza
Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. Electronic address: aneville@toh.ca.
Amy
A
Neville
D000328:Adult; D050110:Bariatric Surgery / Q000379:methods*; D001471:Barrett Esophagus / Q000175:diagnosis; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis; D005260:Female; D005756:Gastritis / Q000188:drug therapy; D005764:Gastroesophageal Reflux / Q000188:drug therapy; D005773:Gastroscopy / Q000379:methods*; D016481:Helicobacter Infections / Q000188:drug therapy; D016480:Helicobacter pylori; D017442:Histamine Agonists / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D033162:Incidental Findings; D008297:Male; D011300:Preoperative Care / Q000379:methods*; D054328:Proton Pump Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use
D017442:Histamine Agonists; D054328:Proton Pump Inhibitors
Bariatric surgery; Preoperative endoscopy; Systematic review