[Dementia-friendly hospital wards : Expert recommendations for planning and design].
BACKGROUND
Hospitals face great challenges in the necessity of providing care for the rising number of elderly patients with dementia. The adaptation of the spatial environment represents an important component to improve the care situation of patients with dementia. For more than 30 years research results from long-term care have provided evidence on the therapeutic effect of numerous architectural features on people with dementia. Due to specific medical and organizational requirements in hospitals, the transferability of these findings is, however, limited.


METHODS
An interdisciplinary workshop with experts from the fields of medicine, nursing, gerontology, self-help and architecture was conducted in July 2015. Based on existing research findings and experiences from pilot projects, the spatial requirements for dementia-friendly hospital wards were collated, suggested solutions were discussed from different perspectives and finally design recommendations were derived.


RESULTS
The article gives a first comprehensive overview of architectural measures that are required for the design of dementia-friendly hospital wards. The recommendations provided range from architectural criteria, such as the size and spatial structure of hospital wards, to interior design elements, including orientation and navigation aids and the use of light and colors. Furthermore, information about the planning process are given.
Fakultät Architektur, Professur für Sozial- und Gesundheitsbauten, TU Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Deutschland.
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Büter
Fakultät Architektur, Professur für Sozial- und Gesundheitsbauten, TU Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Deutschland.
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Motzek
Fakultät für Architektur, Krankenhausbau und Bauten des Gesundheitswesens, TU München, München, Deutschland.|Fakultät für Medizin, TU München, München, Deutschland.|Bayerisches Institut für alters- und demenzsensible Architektur, München, Deutschland.
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Dietz
Fachbereich Life Science Engineering LSE, THM Technische Hochschule Mittelhessen, Gießen, Deutschland.
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Hofrichter
Diakonissenkrankenhaus Dresden, Dresden, Deutschland.
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Junge
Katholisches Marienkrankenhaus Hamburg, Hamburg, Deutschland.
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Kopf
Selbsthilfe Demenz/Alzheimer Europe, Deutsche Alzheimer Gesellschaft e. V., Berlin, Deutschland.
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von Lützau-Hohlbein
wörner traxler richter planungsgesellschaft mbh, Dresden, Deutschland.
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Traxler
Agaplesion Bethanien Krankenhaus Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Deutschland.
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Zieschang
Fakultät Architektur, Professur für Sozial- und Gesundheitsbauten, TU Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Deutschland. gesine.marquardt@tu-dresden.de.
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Marquardt
D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003704:Dementia / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D005104:Expert Testimony; D005160:Facility Design and Construction / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D005260:Female; D005853:Geriatrics / Q000458:organization & administration / Q000592:standards; D005858:Germany; D006299:Health Services for the Aged / Q000458:organization & administration*; D006801:Humans; D008134:Long-Term Care / Q000458:organization & administration*; D008297:Male; D017146:Models, Organizational; D010362:Patients' Rooms / Q000458:organization & administration*; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic
Architecture; Autonomy; Health services for the aged; Orientation; Safety