Heterologous vaccine effects.
The heterologous or non-specific effects (NSEs) of vaccines, at times defined as "off-target effects" suggest that they can affect the immune response to organisms other than their pathogen-specific intended purpose. These NSEs have been the subject of clinical, immunological and epidemiological studies and are increasingly recognized as an important biological process by a growing group of immunologists and epidemiologists. Much remain to be learned about the extent and underlying mechanisms for these effects. The conference "Off-target effects of vaccination" held in Annecy-France (June 8-10 2015) intended to take a holistic approach drawing from the fields of immunology, systems biology, epidemiology, bioinformatics, public health and regulatory science to address fundamental questions of immunological mechanisms, as well as translational questions about vaccines NSEs. NSE observations were examined using case-studies on live attenuated vaccines and non-live vaccines followed by discussion of studies of possible biological mechanisms. Some possible pathways forward in the study of vaccines NSE were identified and discussed by the expert group.
Hospices Civils de Lyon, Groupement Hospitalier Edouard Herriot, 5 Place d'Arsonval, 69437 Lyon cedex 03, France. Electronic address: mitra.elahi@chu-lyon.fr.
Mitra
M
Saadatian-Elahi
Bandim Health Project, INDEPTH Network, CP861 Bissau, Guinea-Bissau.
Peter
P
Aaby
Department of Pediatrics, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3052, Australia.
Frank
F
Shann
Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Mihai G
MG
Netea
Precision Vaccines Program, Boston Children's Hospital & Havard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
Ofer
O
Levy
Fondation Mérieux, 17 rue Bourgelat, 69002 Lyon, France.
Jacques
J
Louis
Fondation Mérieux, 17 rue Bourgelat, 69002 Lyon, France.
Valentina
V
Picot
Sanofi Pasteur, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Michael
M
Greenberg
Sanofi Pasteur, Orlando, FL 32826, USA.
William
W
Warren
D003226:Congresses as Topic; D005602:France; D006801:Humans; D064789:Immunity, Heterologous; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D007156:Immunologic Memory; D014613:Vaccines, Attenuated / Q000276:immunology*; D015164:Vaccines, Inactivated / Q000276:immunology*
D014613:Vaccines, Attenuated; D015164:Vaccines, Inactivated
Conference report; Heterologous effect; Non-antigen-specific effects; Off-target effects; Vaccine