Pleiotropic and retinoprotective functions of PACAP.
Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) is a 27- or 38-amino acid neuropeptide, which belongs to the vasoactive intestinal polypeptide/glucagon/secretin family. PACAP and its three receptor subtypes are expressed in neural tissues of the eye, including the retina, cornea and lacrimal gland, and PACAP is known to exert pleiotropic effects throughout the central nervous system. This review provides an overview of current knowledge regarding the cell protective effects, mechanisms of action and therapeutic potential of PACAP in response to several types of eye injury.
Global Research Center for Innovative Life Science, Hoshi University School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8501, Japan. shioda@hoshi.ac.jp.
Seiji
S
Shioda
Global Research Center for Innovative Life Science, Hoshi University School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8501, Japan.
Fumiko
F
Takenoya
Global Research Center for Innovative Life Science, Hoshi University School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8501, Japan.
Nobuhiro
N
Wada
Global Research Center for Innovative Life Science, Hoshi University School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8501, Japan.
Takahiro
T
Hirabayashi
Department of Anatomy and Ophthalmology, Showa University School of Medicine, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan.
Tamotsu
T
Seki
Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, University of Toyama, 3190 Gofuku, Toyama, 930-8555, Japan.
Tomoya
T
Nakamachi
D000818:Animals; D003315:Cornea / Q000378:metabolism; D005128:Eye Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy; D006801:Humans; D007765:Lacrimal Apparatus / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D009417:Nerve Tissue / Q000378:metabolism; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D051219:Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000502:physiology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D051236:Receptors, Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide / Q000378:metabolism; D012160:Retina / Q000378:metabolism
D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D051219:Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide; D051236:Receptors, Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide
Dry eye; Neurotropic function; PACAP; Retinoprotection