Specific Metabolic Markers Are Associated with Future Waist-Gaining Phenotype in Women.
OBJECTIVE
Our study aims to identify metabolic markers associated with either a gain in abdominal (measured by waist circumference) or peripheral (measured by hip circumference) body fat mass.


METHODS
Data of 4 126 weight-gaining adults (18-75 years) from three population-based, prospective German cohort studies (EPIC, KORA, DEGS) were analysed regarding a waist-gaining (WG) or hip-gaining phenotype (HG). The phenotypes were obtained by calculating the differences of annual changes in waist minus hip circumference. The difference was displayed for all cohorts. The highest 10% of this difference were defined as WG whereas the lowest 10% were defined as HG. A total of 121 concordant metabolite measurements were conducted using Biocrates AbsoluteIDQ® kits in EPIC and KORA. Sex-specific associations with metabolite concentration as independent and phenotype as the dependent variable adjusted for confounders were calculated. The Benjamini-Hochberg method was used to correct for multiple testing.


RESULTS
Across studies both sexes gained on average more waist than hip circumference. We could identify 12 metabolites as being associated with the WG (n = 8) or HG (n = 4) in men, but none were significant after correction for multiple testing; 45 metabolites were associated with the WG (n = 41) or HG (n = 4) in women. For WG, n = 21 metabolites remained significant after correction for multiple testing. Respective odds ratios (OR) ranged from 0.66 to 0.73 for tryptophan, the diacyl-phosphatidylcholines (PC) C32:3, C36:0, C38:0, C38:1, C42:2, C42:5, the acyl-alkyl-PCs C32:2, C34:0, C36:0, C36:1, C36:2, C38:0, C38:2, C40:1, C40:2, C40:5, C40:6, 42:2, C42:3 and lyso-PC C17:0.


CONCLUSIONS
Both weight-gaining men and women showed a clear tendency to gain more abdominal than peripheral fat. Gain of abdominal fat seems to be related to an initial metabolic state reflected by low concentrations of specific metabolites, at least in women. Thus, higher levels of specific PCs may play a protective role in gaining waist circumference.
Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.|Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Germany.
Benedikt
B
Merz
Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
Ute
U
Nöthlings
Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.|Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.|German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany.
Simone
S
Wahl
Robert Koch-Institut, Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Berlin, Germany.
Marjolein
M
Haftenberger
Robert Koch-Institut, Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Berlin, Germany.
Anja
A
Schienkiewitz
Institute of Experimental Genetics, Genome Analysis Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.
Jerzy
J
Adamski
Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.|Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar, Doha, Qatar.
Karsten
K
Suhre
Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.
Rui
R
Wang-Sattler
Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.|Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.|German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany.
Harald
H
Grallert
Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.|German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany.
Barbara
B
Thorand
Molecular Epidemiology Research Group, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin, Germany.
Tobias
T
Pischon
Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Germany.
Ursula
U
Bachlechner
Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Germany.
Anna
A
Floegel
Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.|German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany.
Annette
A
Peters
Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Germany.
Heiner
H
Boeing
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015201:Meta-Analysis as Topic; D055442:Metabolome; D008875:Middle Aged; D010641:Phenotype; D055105:Waist Circumference / Q000502:physiology*; D049629:Waist-Hip Ratio; D015430:Weight Gain / Q000502:physiology*
D015415:Biomarkers