[Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) – diagnosis, neuropsychological assessment, and symptom-orientated therapy].
According to the GEDA study (Study of Health in Germany), 20 % of all pregnant women show moderate and 8 % risky alcohol consumption. Of the pregnant women, 12 % engage in binge drinking (≥ 5 drinks per occasion less than once per month, 4 % every month and 0.1 % at least every week). According to conservative estimates, approximately 1 % of all children are affected by intrauterine exposure to alcohol. In total, approximately 800,000 million people, thereof 130,000 children, suffer from a fetal alcohol spectrum disorder in Germany. Many of the affected children, however, remain undiagnosed or are properly diagnosed only very late. To date, professionals in the healthcare and social system have not been sufficiently informed about the symptoms and the necessary diagnosis. This review illustrates the medical and psychological possibilities and necessities regarding children and adolescents with FASD. Early diagnosis and living in a supportive and violence-free environment are the most important protective factors for the long-term outcome of patients with FASD.
1 Abteilung für Pädiatrische Neurologie, Entwicklungsneurologie und Sozialpädiatrie, iSPZ Hauner, Dr. von Haunersches Kinderspital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München.
Mirjam N
MN
Landgraf
1 Abteilung für Pädiatrische Neurologie, Entwicklungsneurologie und Sozialpädiatrie, iSPZ Hauner, Dr. von Haunersches Kinderspital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München.
Renate M
RM
Giese
1 Abteilung für Pädiatrische Neurologie, Entwicklungsneurologie und Sozialpädiatrie, iSPZ Hauner, Dr. von Haunersches Kinderspital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München.
Florian
F
Heinen
D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D057210:Delayed Diagnosis; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D005260:Female; D063647:Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005858:Germany; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011247:Pregnancy; D065840:Protective Factors; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012307:Risk Factors
FAS; FASD; fetal alcohol syndrome; functioning level; neuropsychological assessment