Transcatheter Replacement of Failed Bioprosthetic Valves: Large Multicenter Assessment of the Effect of Implantation Depth on Hemodynamics After Aortic Valve-in-Valve.
Transcatheter valve implantation inside failed bioprosthetic surgical valves (valve-in-valve [ViV]) may offer an advantage over reoperation. Supra-annular transcatheter valve position may be advantageous in achieving better hemodynamics after ViV. Our objective was to define targets for implantation that would improve hemodynamics after ViV.



Cases from the Valve-in-Valve International Data (VIVID) registry were analyzed using centralized core laboratory assessment blinded to clinical events. Multivariate analysis was performed to identify independent predictors of elevated postprocedural gradients (mean ≥20 mm Hg). Optimal implantation depths were defined by receiver operating characteristic curve. A total of 292 consecutive patients (age, 78.9±8.7 years; 60.3% male; 157 CoreValve Evolut and 135 Sapien XT) were evaluated. High implantation was associated with significantly lower rates of elevated gradients in comparison with low implantation (CoreValve Evolut, 15% versus 34.2%; P=0.03 and Sapien XT, 18.5% versus 43.5%; P=0.03, respectively). Optimal implantation depths were defined: CoreValve Evolut, 0 to 5 mm; Sapien XT, 0 to 2 mm (0-10% frame height); sensitivities, 91.3% and 88.5%, respectively. The strongest independent correlate for elevated gradients after ViV was device position (high: odds ratio, 0.22; confidence interval, 0.1-0.52; P=0.001), in addition to type of device used (CoreValve Evolut: odds ratio, 0.5; confidence interval, 0.28-0.88; P=0.02) and surgical valve mechanism of failure (stenosis/mixed baseline failure: odds ratio, 3.12; confidence interval, 1.51-6.45; P=0.002).



High implantation inside failed bioprosthetic valves is a strong independent correlate of lower postprocedural gradients in both self- and balloon-expandable transcatheter valves. These clinical evaluations support specific implantation targets to optimize hemodynamics after ViV.
From the Centre for Heart Valve Innovation, Department of Cardiology, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada (M.S., J.W., D.D.); Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Escola Paulista de Medicina-UNIFESP, São Paulo, Brazil (M.S., J.H.P.); Interventional Cardiology Institute, Cardiology Department, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tivka, Israel (R.K.); Cardiology Department, Hôpital Bichat-Claude Bernard, Paris, France (A.V.); Department of Cardiology, Asklepios Klinik, Hamburg, Germany (C. Frerker); Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, Denmark (H.N.); Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Munich, Germany (S. Bleiziffer); Echocardiography Service, Royal Brompton and Harefield, London, United Kingdom (A.D.); Québec Heart and Lung Institute, Laval University, Québec City, Canada (J.R.-C.); Cardiovascular Imaging Core Laboratory, Case Western Research University, Cleveland, OH (G.F.A.); Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada (E.H.); Cardiologia Interventistica ed Emodinamica, Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy (A.L.); Kardiologie, Angiologie und Pneumologie, Zentrum für Innere Medizin, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Germany (R.B.); Division of Cardiology, Ospedale Ferrarotto, Catania, Italy (M.B.); Institut Cardiovasculaire Paris Sud, Hôpital Jacques Cartier, Massy, France (T.L.); Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio, L'Ospedale del Cuore G. Pasquinucci, Massa, Italy (A.C.); Unidad de Hemodinámica y Cardiologia Intervencionista, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Malaga, Spain (J.M.H.); Dipartimento Cardiotoracovascolare, Ospedale Niguarda Ca' Granda, Milan, Italy (G.B.); Transcatheter Heart Valve Department, Hygeia Hospital, Athens, Greece (K.S.); UOC Emodinamica-Dipartimento Cardio Toracico, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Siena, Italy (A.I.); Cardiac Catheterisation Laboratories, St. George's Hospital, London, United Kingdom (S. Brecker); Cardiac Ca
Matheus
M
Simonato
From the Centre for Heart Valve Innovation, Department of Cardiology, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada (M.S., J.W., D.D.); Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Escola Paulista de Medicina-UNIFESP, São Paulo, Brazil (M.S., J.H.P.); Interventional Cardiology Institute, Cardiology Department, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tivka, Israel (R.K.); Cardiology Department, Hôpital Bichat-Claude Bernard, Paris, France (A.V.); Department of Cardiology, Asklepios Klinik, Hamburg, Germany (C. Frerker); Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, Denmark (H.N.); Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Munich, Germany (S. Bleiziffer); Echocardiography Service, Royal Brompton and Harefield, London, United Kingdom (A.D.); Québec Heart and Lung Institute, Laval University, Québec City, Canada (J.R.-C.); Cardiovascular Imaging Core Laboratory, Case Western Research University, Cleveland, OH (G.F.A.); Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada (E.H.); Cardiologia Interventistica ed Emodinamica, Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy (A.L.); Kardiologie, Angiologie und Pneumologie, Zentrum für Innere Medizin, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Germany (R.B.); Division of Cardiology, Ospedale Ferrarotto, Catania, Italy (M.B.); Institut Cardiovasculaire Paris Sud, Hôpital Jacques Cartier, Massy, France (T.L.); Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio, L'Ospedale del Cuore G. Pasquinucci, Massa, Italy (A.C.); Unidad de Hemodinámica y Cardiologia Intervencionista, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Malaga, Spain (J.M.H.); Dipartimento Cardiotoracovascolare, Ospedale Niguarda Ca' Granda, Milan, Italy (G.B.); Transcatheter Heart Valve Department, Hygeia Hospital, Athens, Greece (K.S.); UOC Emodinamica-Dipartimento Cardio Toracico, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Siena, Italy (A.I.); Cardiac Catheterisation Laboratories, St. George's Hospital, London, United Kingdom (S. Brecker); Cardiac Ca
John
J
Webb
From the Centre for Heart Valve Innovation, Department of Cardiology, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada (M.S., J.W., D.D.); Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Escola Paulista de Medicina-UNIFESP, São Paulo, Brazil (M.S., J.H.P.); Interventional Cardiology Institute, Cardiology Department, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tivka, Israel (R.K.); Cardiology Department, Hôpital Bichat-Claude Bernard, Paris, France (A.V.); Department of Cardiology, Asklepios Klinik, Hamburg, Germany (C. Frerker); Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, Denmark (H.N.); Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Munich, Germany (S. Bleiziffer); Echocardiography Service, Royal Brompton and Harefield, London, United Kingdom (A.D.); Québec Heart and Lung Institute, Laval University, Québec City, Canada (J.R.-C.); Cardiovascular Imaging Core Laboratory, Case Western Research University, Cleveland, OH (G.F.A.); Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada (E.H.); Cardiologia Interventistica ed Emodinamica, Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy (A.L.); Kardiologie, Angiologie und Pneumologie, Zentrum für Innere Medizin, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Germany (R.B.); Division of Cardiology, Ospedale Ferrarotto, Catania, Italy (M.B.); Institut Cardiovasculaire Paris Sud, Hôpital Jacques Cartier, Massy, France (T.L.); Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio, L'Ospedale del Cuore G. Pasquinucci, Massa, Italy (A.C.); Unidad de Hemodinámica y Cardiologia Intervencionista, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Malaga, Spain (J.M.H.); Dipartimento Cardiotoracovascolare, Ospedale Niguarda Ca' Granda, Milan, Italy (G.B.); Transcatheter Heart Valve Department, Hygeia Hospital, Athens, Greece (K.S.); UOC Emodinamica-Dipartimento Cardio Toracico, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Siena, Italy (A.I.); Cardiac Catheterisation Laboratories, St. George's Hospital, London, United Kingdom (S. Brecker); Cardiac Ca
Ran
R
Kornowski
From the Centre for Heart Valve Innovation, Department of Cardiology, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada (M.S., J.W., D.D.); Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Escola Paulista de Medicina-UNIFESP, São Paulo, Brazil (M.S., J.H.P.); Interventional Cardiology Institute, Cardiology Department, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tivka, Israel (R.K.); Cardiology Department, Hôpital Bichat-Claude Bernard, Paris, France (A.V.); Department of Cardiology, Asklepios Klinik, Hamburg, Germany (C. Frerker); Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, Denmark (H.N.); Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Munich, Germany (S. Bleiziffer); Echocardiography Service, Royal Brompton and Harefield, London, United Kingdom (A.D.); Québec Heart and Lung Institute, Laval University, Québec City, Canada (J.R.-C.); Cardiovascular Imaging Core Laboratory, Case Western Research University, Cleveland, OH (G.F.A.); Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada (E.H.); Cardiologia Interventistica ed Emodinamica, Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy (A.L.); Kardiologie, Angiologie und Pneumologie, Zentrum für Innere Medizin, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Germany (R.B.); Division of Cardiology, Ospedale Ferrarotto, Catania, Italy (M.B.); Institut Cardiovasculaire Paris Sud, Hôpital Jacques Cartier, Massy, France (T.L.); Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio, L'Ospedale del Cuore G. Pasquinucci, Massa, Italy (A.C.); Unidad de Hemodinámica y Cardiologia Intervencionista, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Malaga, Spain (J.M.H.); Dipartimento Cardiotoracovascolare, Ospedale Niguarda Ca' Granda, Milan, Italy (G.B.); Transcatheter Heart Valve Department, Hygeia Hospital, Athens, Greece (K.S.); UOC Emodinamica-Dipartimento Cardio Toracico, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Siena, Italy (A.I.); Cardiac Catheterisation Laboratories, St. George's Hospital, London, United Kingdom (S. Brecker); Cardiac Ca
Alec
A
Vahanian
From the Centre for Heart Valve Innovation, Department of Cardiology, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada (M.S., J.W., D.D.); Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Escola Paulista de Medicina-UNIFESP, São Paulo, Brazil (M.S., J.H.P.); Interventional Cardiology Institute, Cardiology Department, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tivka, Israel (R.K.); Cardiology Department, Hôpital Bichat-Claude Bernard, Paris, France (A.V.); Department of Cardiology, Asklepios Klinik, Hamburg, Germany (C. Frerker); Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, Denmark (H.N.); Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Munich, Germany (S. Bleiziffer); Echocardiography Service, Royal Brompton and Harefield, London, United Kingdom (A.D.); Québec Heart and Lung Institute, Laval University, Québec City, Canada (J.R.-C.); Cardiovascular Imaging Core Laboratory, Case Western Research University, Cleveland, OH (G.F.A.); Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada (E.H.); Cardiologia Interventistica ed Emodinamica, Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy (A.L.); Kardiologie, Angiologie und Pneumologie, Zentrum für Innere Medizin, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Germany (R.B.); Division of Cardiology, Ospedale Ferrarotto, Catania, Italy (M.B.); Institut Cardiovasculaire Paris Sud, Hôpital Jacques Cartier, Massy, France (T.L.); Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio, L'Ospedale del Cuore G. Pasquinucci, Massa, Italy (A.C.); Unidad de Hemodinámica y Cardiologia Intervencionista, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Malaga, Spain (J.M.H.); Dipartimento Cardiotoracovascolare, Ospedale Niguarda Ca' Granda, Milan, Italy (G.B.); Transcatheter Heart Valve Department, Hygeia Hospital, Athens, Greece (K.S.); UOC Emodinamica-Dipartimento Cardio Toracico, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Siena, Italy (A.I.); Cardiac Catheterisation Laboratories, St. George's Hospital, London, United Kingdom (S. Brecker); Cardiac Ca
Christian
C
Frerker
From the Centre for Heart Valve Innovation, Department of Cardiology, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada (M.S., J.W., D.D.); Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Escola Paulista de Medicina-UNIFESP, São Paulo, Brazil (M.S., J.H.P.); Interventional Cardiology Institute, Cardiology Department, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tivka, Israel (R.K.); Cardiology Department, Hôpital Bichat-Claude Bernard, Paris, France (A.V.); Department of Cardiology, Asklepios Klinik, Hamburg, Germany (C. Frerker); Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, Denmark (H.N.); Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Munich, Germany (S. Bleiziffer); Echocardiography Service, Royal Brompton and Harefield, London, United Kingdom (A.D.); Québec Heart and Lung Institute, Laval University, Québec City, Canada (J.R.-C.); Cardiovascular Imaging Core Laboratory, Case Western Research University, Cleveland, OH (G.F.A.); Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada (E.H.); Cardiologia Interventistica ed Emodinamica, Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy (A.L.); Kardiologie, Angiologie und Pneumologie, Zentrum für Innere Medizin, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Germany (R.B.); Division of Cardiology, Ospedale Ferrarotto, Catania, Italy (M.B.); Institut Cardiovasculaire Paris Sud, Hôpital Jacques Cartier, Massy, France (T.L.); Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio, L'Ospedale del Cuore G. Pasquinucci, Massa, Italy (A.C.); Unidad de Hemodinámica y Cardiologia Intervencionista, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Malaga, Spain (J.M.H.); Dipartimento Cardiotoracovascolare, Ospedale Niguarda Ca' Granda, Milan, Italy (G.B.); Transcatheter Heart Valve Department, Hygeia Hospital, Athens, Greece (K.S.); UOC Emodinamica-Dipartimento Cardio Toracico, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Siena, Italy (A.I.); Cardiac Catheterisation Laboratories, St. George's Hospital, London, United Kingdom (S. Brecker); Cardiac Ca
Henrik
H
Nissen
From the Centre for Heart Valve Innovation, Department of Cardiology, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada (M.S., J.W., D.D.); Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Escola Paulista de Medicina-UNIFESP, São Paulo, Brazil (M.S., J.H.P.); Interventional Cardiology Institute, Cardiology Department, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tivka, Israel (R.K.); Cardiology Department, Hôpital Bichat-Claude Bernard, Paris, France (A.V.); Department of Cardiology, Asklepios Klinik, Hamburg, Germany (C. Frerker); Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, Denmark (H.N.); Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Munich, Germany (S. Bleiziffer); Echocardiography Service, Royal Brompton and Harefield, London, United Kingdom (A.D.); Québec Heart and Lung Institute, Laval University, Québec City, Canada (J.R.-C.); Cardiovascular Imaging Core Laboratory, Case Western Research University, Cleveland, OH (G.F.A.); Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada (E.H.); Cardiologia Interventistica ed Emodinamica, Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy (A.L.); Kardiologie, Angiologie und Pneumologie, Zentrum für Innere Medizin, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Germany (R.B.); Division of Cardiology, Ospedale Ferrarotto, Catania, Italy (M.B.); Institut Cardiovasculaire Paris Sud, Hôpital Jacques Cartier, Massy, France (T.L.); Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio, L'Ospedale del Cuore G. Pasquinucci, Massa, Italy (A.C.); Unidad de Hemodinámica y Cardiologia Intervencionista, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Malaga, Spain (J.M.H.); Dipartimento Cardiotoracovascolare, Ospedale Niguarda Ca' Granda, Milan, Italy (G.B.); Transcatheter Heart Valve Department, Hygeia Hospital, Athens, Greece (K.S.); UOC Emodinamica-Dipartimento Cardio Toracico, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Siena, Italy (A.I.); Cardiac Catheterisation Laboratories, St. George's Hospital, London, United Kingdom (S. Brecker); Cardiac Ca
Sabine
S
Bleiziffer
From the Centre for Heart Valve Innovation, Department of Cardiology, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada (M.S., J.W., D.D.); Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Escola Paulista de Medicina-UNIFESP, São Paulo, Brazil (M.S., J.H.P.); Interventional Cardiology Institute, Cardiology Department, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tivka, Israel (R.K.); Cardiology Department, Hôpital Bichat-Claude Bernard, Paris, France (A.V.); Department of Cardiology, Asklepios Klinik, Hamburg, Germany (C. Frerker); Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, Denmark (H.N.); Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Munich, Germany (S. Bleiziffer); Echocardiography Service, Royal Brompton and Harefield, London, United Kingdom (A.D.); Québec Heart and Lung Institute, Laval University, Québec City, Canada (J.R.-C.); Cardiovascular Imaging Core Laboratory, Case Western Research University, Cleveland, OH (G.F.A.); Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada (E.H.); Cardiologia Interventistica ed Emodinamica, Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy (A.L.); Kardiologie, Angiologie und Pneumologie, Zentrum für Innere Medizin, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Germany (R.B.); Division of Cardiology, Ospedale Ferrarotto, Catania, Italy (M.B.); Institut Cardiovasculaire Paris Sud, Hôpital Jacques Cartier, Massy, France (T.L.); Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio, L'Ospedale del Cuore G. Pasquinucci, Massa, Italy (A.C.); Unidad de Hemodinámica y Cardiologia Intervencionista, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Malaga, Spain (J.M.H.); Dipartimento Cardiotoracovascolare, Ospedale Niguarda Ca' Granda, Milan, Italy (G.B.); Transcatheter Heart Valve Department, Hygeia Hospital, Athens, Greece (K.S.); UOC Emodinamica-Dipartimento Cardio Toracico, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Siena, Italy (A.I.); Cardiac Catheterisation Laboratories, St. George's Hospital, London, United Kingdom (S. Brecker); Cardiac Ca
Alison
A
Duncan
From the Centre for Heart Valve Innovation, Department of Cardiology, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada (M.S., J.W., D.D.); Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Escola Paulista de Medicina-UNIFESP, São Paulo, Brazil (M.S., J.H.P.); Interventional Cardiology Institute, Cardiology Department, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tivka, Israel (R.K.); Cardiology Department, Hôpital Bichat-Claude Bernard, Paris, France (A.V.); Department of Cardiology, Asklepios Klinik, Hamburg, Germany (C. Frerker); Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, Denmark (H.N.); Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Munich, Germany (S. Bleiziffer); Echocardiography Service, Royal Brompton and Harefield, London, United Kingdom (A.D.); Québec Heart and Lung Institute, Laval University, Québec City, Canada (J.R.-C.); Cardiovascular Imaging Core Laboratory, Case Western Research University, Cleveland, OH (G.F.A.); Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada (E.H.); Cardiologia Interventistica ed Emodinamica, Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy (A.L.); Kardiologie, Angiologie und Pneumologie, Zentrum für Innere Medizin, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Germany (R.B.); Division of Cardiology, Ospedale Ferrarotto, Catania, Italy (M.B.); Institut Cardiovasculaire Paris Sud, Hôpital Jacques Cartier, Massy, France (T.L.); Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio, L'Ospedale del Cuore G. Pasquinucci, Massa, Italy (A.C.); Unidad de Hemodinámica y Cardiologia Intervencionista, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Malaga, Spain (J.M.H.); Dipartimento Cardiotoracovascolare, Ospedale Niguarda Ca' Granda, Milan, Italy (G.B.); Transcatheter Heart Valve Department, Hygeia Hospital, Athens, Greece (K.S.); UOC Emodinamica-Dipartimento Cardio Toracico, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Siena, Italy (A.I.); Cardiac Catheterisation Laboratories, St. George's Hospital, London, United Kingdom (S. Brecker); Cardiac Ca
Josep
J
Rodés-Cabau
From the Centre for Heart Valve Innovation, Department of Cardiology, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada (M.S., J.W., D.D.); Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Escola Paulista de Medicina-UNIFESP, São Paulo, Brazil (M.S., J.H.P.); Interventional Cardiology Institute, Cardiology Department, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tivka, Israel (R.K.); Cardiology Department, Hôpital Bichat-Claude Bernard, Paris, France (A.V.); Department of Cardiology, Asklepios Klinik, Hamburg, Germany (C. Frerker); Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, Denmark (H.N.); Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Munich, Germany (S. Bleiziffer); Echocardiography Service, Royal Brompton and Harefield, London, United Kingdom (A.D.); Québec Heart and Lung Institute, Laval University, Québec City, Canada (J.R.-C.); Cardiovascular Imaging Core Laboratory, Case Western Research University, Cleveland, OH (G.F.A.); Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada (E.H.); Cardiologia Interventistica ed Emodinamica, Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy (A.L.); Kardiologie, Angiologie und Pneumologie, Zentrum für Innere Medizin, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Germany (R.B.); Division of Cardiology, Ospedale Ferrarotto, Catania, Italy (M.B.); Institut Cardiovasculaire Paris Sud, Hôpital Jacques Cartier, Massy, France (T.L.); Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio, L'Ospedale del Cuore G. Pasquinucci, Massa, Italy (A.C.); Unidad de Hemodinámica y Cardiologia Intervencionista, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Malaga, Spain (J.M.H.); Dipartimento Cardiotoracovascolare, Ospedale Niguarda Ca' Granda, Milan, Italy (G.B.); Transcatheter Heart Valve Department, Hygeia Hospital, Athens, Greece (K.S.); UOC Emodinamica-Dipartimento Cardio Toracico, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Siena, Italy (A.I.); Cardiac Catheterisation Laboratories, St. George's Hospital, London, United Kingdom (S. Brecker); Cardiac Ca
Guilherme F
GF
Attizzani
From the Centre for Heart Valve Innovation, Department of Cardiology, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada (M.S., J.W., D.D.); Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Escola Paulista de Medicina-UNIFESP, São Paulo, Brazil (M.S., J.H.P.); Interventional Cardiology Institute, Cardiology Department, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tivka, Israel (R.K.); Cardiology Department, Hôpital Bichat-Claude Bernard, Paris, France (A.V.); Department of Cardiology, Asklepios Klinik, Hamburg, Germany (C. Frerker); Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, Denmark (H.N.); Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Munich, Germany (S. Bleiziffer); Echocardiography Service, Royal Brompton and Harefield, London, United Kingdom (A.D.); Québec Heart and Lung Institute, Laval University, Québec City, Canada (J.R.-C.); Cardiovascular Imaging Core Laboratory, Case Western Research University, Cleveland, OH (G.F.A.); Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada (E.H.); Cardiologia Interventistica ed Emodinamica, Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy (A.L.); Kardiologie, Angiologie und Pneumologie, Zentrum für Innere Medizin, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Germany (R.B.); Division of Cardiology, Ospedale Ferrarotto, Catania, Italy (M.B.); Institut Cardiovasculaire Paris Sud, Hôpital Jacques Cartier, Massy, France (T.L.); Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio, L'Ospedale del Cuore G. Pasquinucci, Massa, Italy (A.C.); Unidad de Hemodinámica y Cardiologia Intervencionista, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Malaga, Spain (J.M.H.); Dipartimento Cardiotoracovascolare, Ospedale Niguarda Ca' Granda, Milan, Italy (G.B.); Transcatheter Heart Valve Department, Hygeia Hospital, Athens, Greece (K.S.); UOC Emodinamica-Dipartimento Cardio Toracico, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Siena, Italy (A.I.); Cardiac Catheterisation Laboratories, St. George's Hospital, London, United Kingdom (S. Brecker); Cardiac Ca
Eric
E
Horlick
From the Centre for Heart Valve Innovation, Department of Cardiology, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada (M.S., J.W., D.D.); Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Escola Paulista de Medicina-UNIFESP, São Paulo, Brazil (M.S., J.H.P.); Interventional Cardiology Institute, Cardiology Department, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tivka, Israel (R.K.); Cardiology Department, Hôpital Bichat-Claude Bernard, Paris, France (A.V.); Department of Cardiology, Asklepios Klinik, Hamburg, Germany (C. Frerker); Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, Denmark (H.N.); Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Munich, Germany (S. Bleiziffer); Echocardiography Service, Royal Brompton and Harefield, London, United Kingdom (A.D.); Québec Heart and Lung Institute, Laval University, Québec City, Canada (J.R.-C.); Cardiovascular Imaging Core Laboratory, Case Western Research University, Cleveland, OH (G.F.A.); Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada (E.H.); Cardiologia Interventistica ed Emodinamica, Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy (A.L.); Kardiologie, Angiologie und Pneumologie, Zentrum für Innere Medizin, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Germany (R.B.); Division of Cardiology, Ospedale Ferrarotto, Catania, Italy (M.B.); Institut Cardiovasculaire Paris Sud, Hôpital Jacques Cartier, Massy, France (T.L.); Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio, L'Ospedale del Cuore G. Pasquinucci, Massa, Italy (A.C.); Unidad de Hemodinámica y Cardiologia Intervencionista, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Malaga, Spain (J.M.H.); Dipartimento Cardiotoracovascolare, Ospedale Niguarda Ca' Granda, Milan, Italy (G.B.); Transcatheter Heart Valve Department, Hygeia Hospital, Athens, Greece (K.S.); UOC Emodinamica-Dipartimento Cardio Toracico, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Siena, Italy (A.I.); Cardiac Catheterisation Laboratories, St. George's Hospital, London, United Kingdom (S. Brecker); Cardiac Ca
Azeem
A
Latib
From the Centre for Heart Valve Innovation, Department of Cardiology, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada (M.S., J.W., D.D.); Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Escola Paulista de Medicina-UNIFESP, São Paulo, Brazil (M.S., J.H.P.); Interventional Cardiology Institute, Cardiology Department, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tivka, Israel (R.K.); Cardiology Department, Hôpital Bichat-Claude Bernard, Paris, France (A.V.); Department of Cardiology, Asklepios Klinik, Hamburg, Germany (C. Frerker); Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, Denmark (H.N.); Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Munich, Germany (S. Bleiziffer); Echocardiography Service, Royal Brompton and Harefield, London, United Kingdom (A.D.); Québec Heart and Lung Institute, Laval University, Québec City, Canada (J.R.-C.); Cardiovascular Imaging Core Laboratory, Case Western Research University, Cleveland, OH (G.F.A.); Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada (E.H.); Cardiologia Interventistica ed Emodinamica, Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy (A.L.); Kardiologie, Angiologie und Pneumologie, Zentrum für Innere Medizin, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Germany (R.B.); Division of Cardiology, Ospedale Ferrarotto, Catania, Italy (M.B.); Institut Cardiovasculaire Paris Sud, Hôpital Jacques Cartier, Massy, France (T.L.); Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio, L'Ospedale del Cuore G. Pasquinucci, Massa, Italy (A.C.); Unidad de Hemodinámica y Cardiologia Intervencionista, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Malaga, Spain (J.M.H.); Dipartimento Cardiotoracovascolare, Ospedale Niguarda Ca' Granda, Milan, Italy (G.B.); Transcatheter Heart Valve Department, Hygeia Hospital, Athens, Greece (K.S.); UOC Emodinamica-Dipartimento Cardio Toracico, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Siena, Italy (A.I.); Cardiac Catheterisation Laboratories, St. George's Hospital, London, United Kingdom (S. Brecker); Cardiac Ca
Raffi
R
Bekeredjian
From the Centre for Heart Valve Innovation, Department of Cardiology, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada (M.S., J.W., D.D.); Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Escola Paulista de Medicina-UNIFESP, São Paulo, Brazil (M.S., J.H.P.); Interventional Cardiology Institute, Cardiology Department, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tivka, Israel (R.K.); Cardiology Department, Hôpital Bichat-Claude Bernard, Paris, France (A.V.); Department of Cardiology, Asklepios Klinik, Hamburg, Germany (C. Frerker); Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, Denmark (H.N.); Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Munich, Germany (S. Bleiziffer); Echocardiography Service, Royal Brompton and Harefield, London, United Kingdom (A.D.); Québec Heart and Lung Institute, Laval University, Québec City, Canada (J.R.-C.); Cardiovascular Imaging Core Laboratory, Case Western Research University, Cleveland, OH (G.F.A.); Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada (E.H.); Cardiologia Interventistica ed Emodinamica, Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy (A.L.); Kardiologie, Angiologie und Pneumologie, Zentrum für Innere Medizin, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Germany (R.B.); Division of Cardiology, Ospedale Ferrarotto, Catania, Italy (M.B.); Institut Cardiovasculaire Paris Sud, Hôpital Jacques Cartier, Massy, France (T.L.); Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio, L'Ospedale del Cuore G. Pasquinucci, Massa, Italy (A.C.); Unidad de Hemodinámica y Cardiologia Intervencionista, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Malaga, Spain (J.M.H.); Dipartimento Cardiotoracovascolare, Ospedale Niguarda Ca' Granda, Milan, Italy (G.B.); Transcatheter Heart Valve Department, Hygeia Hospital, Athens, Greece (K.S.); UOC Emodinamica-Dipartimento Cardio Toracico, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Siena, Italy (A.I.); Cardiac Catheterisation Laboratories, St. George's Hospital, London, United Kingdom (S. Brecker); Cardiac Ca
Marco
M
Barbanti
From the Centre for Heart Valve Innovation, Department of Cardiology, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada (M.S., J.W., D.D.); Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Escola Paulista de Medicina-UNIFESP, São Paulo, Brazil (M.S., J.H.P.); Interventional Cardiology Institute, Cardiology Department, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tivka, Israel (R.K.); Cardiology Department, Hôpital Bichat-Claude Bernard, Paris, France (A.V.); Department of Cardiology, Asklepios Klinik, Hamburg, Germany (C. Frerker); Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, Denmark (H.N.); Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Munich, Germany (S. Bleiziffer); Echocardiography Service, Royal Brompton and Harefield, London, United Kingdom (A.D.); Québec Heart and Lung Institute, Laval University, Québec City, Canada (J.R.-C.); Cardiovascular Imaging Core Laboratory, Case Western Research University, Cleveland, OH (G.F.A.); Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada (E.H.); Cardiologia Interventistica ed Emodinamica, Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy (A.L.); Kardiologie, Angiologie und Pneumologie, Zentrum für Innere Medizin, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Germany (R.B.); Division of Cardiology, Ospedale Ferrarotto, Catania, Italy (M.B.); Institut Cardiovasculaire Paris Sud, Hôpital Jacques Cartier, Massy, France (T.L.); Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio, L'Ospedale del Cuore G. Pasquinucci, Massa, Italy (A.C.); Unidad de Hemodinámica y Cardiologia Intervencionista, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Malaga, Spain (J.M.H.); Dipartimento Cardiotoracovascolare, Ospedale Niguarda Ca' Granda, Milan, Italy (G.B.); Transcatheter Heart Valve Department, Hygeia Hospital, Athens, Greece (K.S.); UOC Emodinamica-Dipartimento Cardio Toracico, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Siena, Italy (A.I.); Cardiac Catheterisation Laboratories, St. George's Hospital, London, United Kingdom (S. Brecker); Cardiac Ca
Thierry
T
Lefevre
From the Centre for Heart Valve Innovation, Department of Cardiology, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada (M.S., J.W., D.D.); Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Escola Paulista de Medicina-UNIFESP, São Paulo, Brazil (M.S., J.H.P.); Interventional Cardiology Institute, Cardiology Department, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tivka, Israel (R.K.); Cardiology Department, Hôpital Bichat-Claude Bernard, Paris, France (A.V.); Department of Cardiology, Asklepios Klinik, Hamburg, Germany (C. Frerker); Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, Denmark (H.N.); Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Munich, Germany (S. Bleiziffer); Echocardiography Service, Royal Brompton and Harefield, London, United Kingdom (A.D.); Québec Heart and Lung Institute, Laval University, Québec City, Canada (J.R.-C.); Cardiovascular Imaging Core Laboratory, Case Western Research University, Cleveland, OH (G.F.A.); Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada (E.H.); Cardiologia Interventistica ed Emodinamica, Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy (A.L.); Kardiologie, Angiologie und Pneumologie, Zentrum für Innere Medizin, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Germany (R.B.); Division of Cardiology, Ospedale Ferrarotto, Catania, Italy (M.B.); Institut Cardiovasculaire Paris Sud, Hôpital Jacques Cartier, Massy, France (T.L.); Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio, L'Ospedale del Cuore G. Pasquinucci, Massa, Italy (A.C.); Unidad de Hemodinámica y Cardiologia Intervencionista, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Malaga, Spain (J.M.H.); Dipartimento Cardiotoracovascolare, Ospedale Niguarda Ca' Granda, Milan, Italy (G.B.); Transcatheter Heart Valve Department, Hygeia Hospital, Athens, Greece (K.S.); UOC Emodinamica-Dipartimento Cardio Toracico, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Siena, Italy (A.I.); Cardiac Catheterisation Laboratories, St. George's Hospital, London, United Kingdom (S. Brecker); Cardiac Ca
Alfredo
A
Cerillo
From the Centre for Heart Valve Innovation, Department of Cardiology, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada (M.S., J.W., D.D.); Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Escola Paulista de Medicina-UNIFESP, São Paulo, Brazil (M.S., J.H.P.); Interventional Cardiology Institute, Cardiology Department, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tivka, Israel (R.K.); Cardiology Department, Hôpital Bichat-Claude Bernard, Paris, France (A.V.); Department of Cardiology, Asklepios Klinik, Hamburg, Germany (C. Frerker); Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, Denmark (H.N.); Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Munich, Germany (S. Bleiziffer); Echocardiography Service, Royal Brompton and Harefield, London, United Kingdom (A.D.); Québec Heart and Lung Institute, Laval University, Québec City, Canada (J.R.-C.); Cardiovascular Imaging Core Laboratory, Case Western Research University, Cleveland, OH (G.F.A.); Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada (E.H.); Cardiologia Interventistica ed Emodinamica, Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy (A.L.); Kardiologie, Angiologie und Pneumologie, Zentrum für Innere Medizin, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Germany (R.B.); Division of Cardiology, Ospedale Ferrarotto, Catania, Italy (M.B.); Institut Cardiovasculaire Paris Sud, Hôpital Jacques Cartier, Massy, France (T.L.); Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio, L'Ospedale del Cuore G. Pasquinucci, Massa, Italy (A.C.); Unidad de Hemodinámica y Cardiologia Intervencionista, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Malaga, Spain (J.M.H.); Dipartimento Cardiotoracovascolare, Ospedale Niguarda Ca' Granda, Milan, Italy (G.B.); Transcatheter Heart Valve Department, Hygeia Hospital, Athens, Greece (K.S.); UOC Emodinamica-Dipartimento Cardio Toracico, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Siena, Italy (A.I.); Cardiac Catheterisation Laboratories, St. George's Hospital, London, United Kingdom (S. Brecker); Cardiac Ca
José María
JM
Hernández
From the Centre for Heart Valve Innovation, Department of Cardiology, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada (M.S., J.W., D.D.); Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Escola Paulista de Medicina-UNIFESP, São Paulo, Brazil (M.S., J.H.P.); Interventional Cardiology Institute, Cardiology Department, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tivka, Israel (R.K.); Cardiology Department, Hôpital Bichat-Claude Bernard, Paris, France (A.V.); Department of Cardiology, Asklepios Klinik, Hamburg, Germany (C. Frerker); Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, Denmark (H.N.); Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Munich, Germany (S. Bleiziffer); Echocardiography Service, Royal Brompton and Harefield, London, United Kingdom (A.D.); Québec Heart and Lung Institute, Laval University, Québec City, Canada (J.R.-C.); Cardiovascular Imaging Core Laboratory, Case Western Research University, Cleveland, OH (G.F.A.); Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada (E.H.); Cardiologia Interventistica ed Emodinamica, Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy (A.L.); Kardiologie, Angiologie und Pneumologie, Zentrum für Innere Medizin, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Germany (R.B.); Division of Cardiology, Ospedale Ferrarotto, Catania, Italy (M.B.); Institut Cardiovasculaire Paris Sud, Hôpital Jacques Cartier, Massy, France (T.L.); Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio, L'Ospedale del Cuore G. Pasquinucci, Massa, Italy (A.C.); Unidad de Hemodinámica y Cardiologia Intervencionista, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Malaga, Spain (J.M.H.); Dipartimento Cardiotoracovascolare, Ospedale Niguarda Ca' Granda, Milan, Italy (G.B.); Transcatheter Heart Valve Department, Hygeia Hospital, Athens, Greece (K.S.); UOC Emodinamica-Dipartimento Cardio Toracico, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Siena, Italy (A.I.); Cardiac Catheterisation Laboratories, St. George's Hospital, London, United Kingdom (S. Brecker); Cardiac Ca
Giuseppe
G
Bruschi
From the Centre for Heart Valve Innovation, Department of Cardiology, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada (M.S., J.W., D.D.); Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Escola Paulista de Medicina-UNIFESP, São Paulo, Brazil (M.S., J.H.P.); Interventional Cardiology Institute, Cardiology Department, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tivka, Israel (R.K.); Cardiology Department, Hôpital Bichat-Claude Bernard, Paris, France (A.V.); Department of Cardiology, Asklepios Klinik, Hamburg, Germany (C. Frerker); Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, Denmark (H.N.); Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Munich, Germany (S. Bleiziffer); Echocardiography Service, Royal Brompton and Harefield, London, United Kingdom (A.D.); Québec Heart and Lung Institute, Laval University, Québec City, Canada (J.R.-C.); Cardiovascular Imaging Core Laboratory, Case Western Research University, Cleveland, OH (G.F.A.); Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada (E.H.); Cardiologia Interventistica ed Emodinamica, Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy (A.L.); Kardiologie, Angiologie und Pneumologie, Zentrum für Innere Medizin, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Germany (R.B.); Division of Cardiology, Ospedale Ferrarotto, Catania, Italy (M.B.); Institut Cardiovasculaire Paris Sud, Hôpital Jacques Cartier, Massy, France (T.L.); Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio, L'Ospedale del Cuore G. Pasquinucci, Massa, Italy (A.C.); Unidad de Hemodinámica y Cardiologia Intervencionista, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Malaga, Spain (J.M.H.); Dipartimento Cardiotoracovascolare, Ospedale Niguarda Ca' Granda, Milan, Italy (G.B.); Transcatheter Heart Valve Department, Hygeia Hospital, Athens, Greece (K.S.); UOC Emodinamica-Dipartimento Cardio Toracico, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Siena, Italy (A.I.); Cardiac Catheterisation Laboratories, St. George's Hospital, London, United Kingdom (S. Brecker); Cardiac Ca
Konstantinos
K
Spargias
From the Centre for Heart Valve Innovation, Department of Cardiology, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada (M.S., J.W., D.D.); Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Escola Paulista de Medicina-UNIFESP, São Paulo, Brazil (M.S., J.H.P.); Interventional Cardiology Institute, Cardiology Department, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tivka, Israel (R.K.); Cardiology Department, Hôpital Bichat-Claude Bernard, Paris, France (A.V.); Department of Cardiology, Asklepios Klinik, Hamburg, Germany (C. Frerker); Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, Denmark (H.N.); Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Munich, Germany (S. Bleiziffer); Echocardiography Service, Royal Brompton and Harefield, London, United Kingdom (A.D.); Québec Heart and Lung Institute, Laval University, Québec City, Canada (J.R.-C.); Cardiovascular Imaging Core Laboratory, Case Western Research University, Cleveland, OH (G.F.A.); Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada (E.H.); Cardiologia Interventistica ed Emodinamica, Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy (A.L.); Kardiologie, Angiologie und Pneumologie, Zentrum für Innere Medizin, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Germany (R.B.); Division of Cardiology, Ospedale Ferrarotto, Catania, Italy (M.B.); Institut Cardiovasculaire Paris Sud, Hôpital Jacques Cartier, Massy, France (T.L.); Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio, L'Ospedale del Cuore G. Pasquinucci, Massa, Italy (A.C.); Unidad de Hemodinámica y Cardiologia Intervencionista, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Malaga, Spain (J.M.H.); Dipartimento Cardiotoracovascolare, Ospedale Niguarda Ca' Granda, Milan, Italy (G.B.); Transcatheter Heart Valve Department, Hygeia Hospital, Athens, Greece (K.S.); UOC Emodinamica-Dipartimento Cardio Toracico, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Siena, Italy (A.I.); Cardiac Catheterisation Laboratories, St. George's Hospital, London, United Kingdom (S. Brecker); Cardiac Ca
Alessandro
A
Iadanza
From the Centre for Heart Valve Innovation, Department of Cardiology, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada (M.S., J.W., D.D.); Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Escola Paulista de Medicina-UNIFESP, São Paulo, Brazil (M.S., J.H.P.); Interventional Cardiology Institute, Cardiology Department, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tivka, Israel (R.K.); Cardiology Department, Hôpital Bichat-Claude Bernard, Paris, France (A.V.); Department of Cardiology, Asklepios Klinik, Hamburg, Germany (C. Frerker); Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, Denmark (H.N.); Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Munich, Germany (S. Bleiziffer); Echocardiography Service, Royal Brompton and Harefield, London, United Kingdom (A.D.); Québec Heart and Lung Institute, Laval University, Québec City, Canada (J.R.-C.); Cardiovascular Imaging Core Laboratory, Case Western Research University, Cleveland, OH (G.F.A.); Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada (E.H.); Cardiologia Interventistica ed Emodinamica, Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy (A.L.); Kardiologie, Angiologie und Pneumologie, Zentrum für Innere Medizin, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Germany (R.B.); Division of Cardiology, Ospedale Ferrarotto, Catania, Italy (M.B.); Institut Cardiovasculaire Paris Sud, Hôpital Jacques Cartier, Massy, France (T.L.); Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio, L'Ospedale del Cuore G. Pasquinucci, Massa, Italy (A.C.); Unidad de Hemodinámica y Cardiologia Intervencionista, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Malaga, Spain (J.M.H.); Dipartimento Cardiotoracovascolare, Ospedale Niguarda Ca' Granda, Milan, Italy (G.B.); Transcatheter Heart Valve Department, Hygeia Hospital, Athens, Greece (K.S.); UOC Emodinamica-Dipartimento Cardio Toracico, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Siena, Italy (A.I.); Cardiac Catheterisation Laboratories, St. George's Hospital, London, United Kingdom (S. Brecker); Cardiac Ca
Stephen
S
Brecker
From the Centre for Heart Valve Innovation, Department of Cardiology, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada (M.S., J.W., D.D.); Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Escola Paulista de Medicina-UNIFESP, São Paulo, Brazil (M.S., J.H.P.); Interventional Cardiology Institute, Cardiology Department, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tivka, Israel (R.K.); Cardiology Department, Hôpital Bichat-Claude Bernard, Paris, France (A.V.); Department of Cardiology, Asklepios Klinik, Hamburg, Germany (C. Frerker); Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, Denmark (H.N.); Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Munich, Germany (S. Bleiziffer); Echocardiography Service, Royal Brompton and Harefield, London, United Kingdom (A.D.); Québec Heart and Lung Institute, Laval University, Québec City, Canada (J.R.-C.); Cardiovascular Imaging Core Laboratory, Case Western Research University, Cleveland, OH (G.F.A.); Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada (E.H.); Cardiologia Interventistica ed Emodinamica, Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy (A.L.); Kardiologie, Angiologie und Pneumologie, Zentrum für Innere Medizin, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Germany (R.B.); Division of Cardiology, Ospedale Ferrarotto, Catania, Italy (M.B.); Institut Cardiovasculaire Paris Sud, Hôpital Jacques Cartier, Massy, France (T.L.); Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio, L'Ospedale del Cuore G. Pasquinucci, Massa, Italy (A.C.); Unidad de Hemodinámica y Cardiologia Intervencionista, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Malaga, Spain (J.M.H.); Dipartimento Cardiotoracovascolare, Ospedale Niguarda Ca' Granda, Milan, Italy (G.B.); Transcatheter Heart Valve Department, Hygeia Hospital, Athens, Greece (K.S.); UOC Emodinamica-Dipartimento Cardio Toracico, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Siena, Italy (A.I.); Cardiac Catheterisation Laboratories, St. George's Hospital, London, United Kingdom (S. Brecker); Cardiac Ca
José Honório
JH
Palma
From the Centre for Heart Valve Innovation, Department of Cardiology, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada (M.S., J.W., D.D.); Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Escola Paulista de Medicina-UNIFESP, São Paulo, Brazil (M.S., J.H.P.); Interventional Cardiology Institute, Cardiology Department, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tivka, Israel (R.K.); Cardiology Department, Hôpital Bichat-Claude Bernard, Paris, France (A.V.); Department of Cardiology, Asklepios Klinik, Hamburg, Germany (C. Frerker); Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, Denmark (H.N.); Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Munich, Germany (S. Bleiziffer); Echocardiography Service, Royal Brompton and Harefield, London, United Kingdom (A.D.); Québec Heart and Lung Institute, Laval University, Québec City, Canada (J.R.-C.); Cardiovascular Imaging Core Laboratory, Case Western Research University, Cleveland, OH (G.F.A.); Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada (E.H.); Cardiologia Interventistica ed Emodinamica, Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy (A.L.); Kardiologie, Angiologie und Pneumologie, Zentrum für Innere Medizin, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Germany (R.B.); Division of Cardiology, Ospedale Ferrarotto, Catania, Italy (M.B.); Institut Cardiovasculaire Paris Sud, Hôpital Jacques Cartier, Massy, France (T.L.); Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio, L'Ospedale del Cuore G. Pasquinucci, Massa, Italy (A.C.); Unidad de Hemodinámica y Cardiologia Intervencionista, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Malaga, Spain (J.M.H.); Dipartimento Cardiotoracovascolare, Ospedale Niguarda Ca' Granda, Milan, Italy (G.B.); Transcatheter Heart Valve Department, Hygeia Hospital, Athens, Greece (K.S.); UOC Emodinamica-Dipartimento Cardio Toracico, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Siena, Italy (A.I.); Cardiac Catheterisation Laboratories, St. George's Hospital, London, United Kingdom (S. Brecker); Cardiac Ca
Ariel
A
Finkelstein
From the Centre for Heart Valve Innovation, Department of Cardiology, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada (M.S., J.W., D.D.); Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Escola Paulista de Medicina-UNIFESP, São Paulo, Brazil (M.S., J.H.P.); Interventional Cardiology Institute, Cardiology Department, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tivka, Israel (R.K.); Cardiology Department, Hôpital Bichat-Claude Bernard, Paris, France (A.V.); Department of Cardiology, Asklepios Klinik, Hamburg, Germany (C. Frerker); Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, Denmark (H.N.); Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Munich, Germany (S. Bleiziffer); Echocardiography Service, Royal Brompton and Harefield, London, United Kingdom (A.D.); Québec Heart and Lung Institute, Laval University, Québec City, Canada (J.R.-C.); Cardiovascular Imaging Core Laboratory, Case Western Research University, Cleveland, OH (G.F.A.); Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada (E.H.); Cardiologia Interventistica ed Emodinamica, Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy (A.L.); Kardiologie, Angiologie und Pneumologie, Zentrum für Innere Medizin, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Germany (R.B.); Division of Cardiology, Ospedale Ferrarotto, Catania, Italy (M.B.); Institut Cardiovasculaire Paris Sud, Hôpital Jacques Cartier, Massy, France (T.L.); Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio, L'Ospedale del Cuore G. Pasquinucci, Massa, Italy (A.C.); Unidad de Hemodinámica y Cardiologia Intervencionista, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Malaga, Spain (J.M.H.); Dipartimento Cardiotoracovascolare, Ospedale Niguarda Ca' Granda, Milan, Italy (G.B.); Transcatheter Heart Valve Department, Hygeia Hospital, Athens, Greece (K.S.); UOC Emodinamica-Dipartimento Cardio Toracico, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Siena, Italy (A.I.); Cardiac Catheterisation Laboratories, St. George's Hospital, London, United Kingdom (S. Brecker); Cardiac Ca
Mohamed
M
Abdel-Wahab
From the Centre for Heart Valve Innovation, Department of Cardiology, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada (M.S., J.W., D.D.); Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Escola Paulista de Medicina-UNIFESP, São Paulo, Brazil (M.S., J.H.P.); Interventional Cardiology Institute, Cardiology Department, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tivka, Israel (R.K.); Cardiology Department, Hôpital Bichat-Claude Bernard, Paris, France (A.V.); Department of Cardiology, Asklepios Klinik, Hamburg, Germany (C. Frerker); Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, Denmark (H.N.); Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Munich, Germany (S. Bleiziffer); Echocardiography Service, Royal Brompton and Harefield, London, United Kingdom (A.D.); Québec Heart and Lung Institute, Laval University, Québec City, Canada (J.R.-C.); Cardiovascular Imaging Core Laboratory, Case Western Research University, Cleveland, OH (G.F.A.); Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada (E.H.); Cardiologia Interventistica ed Emodinamica, Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy (A.L.); Kardiologie, Angiologie und Pneumologie, Zentrum für Innere Medizin, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Germany (R.B.); Division of Cardiology, Ospedale Ferrarotto, Catania, Italy (M.B.); Institut Cardiovasculaire Paris Sud, Hôpital Jacques Cartier, Massy, France (T.L.); Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio, L'Ospedale del Cuore G. Pasquinucci, Massa, Italy (A.C.); Unidad de Hemodinámica y Cardiologia Intervencionista, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Malaga, Spain (J.M.H.); Dipartimento Cardiotoracovascolare, Ospedale Niguarda Ca' Granda, Milan, Italy (G.B.); Transcatheter Heart Valve Department, Hygeia Hospital, Athens, Greece (K.S.); UOC Emodinamica-Dipartimento Cardio Toracico, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Siena, Italy (A.I.); Cardiac Catheterisation Laboratories, St. George's Hospital, London, United Kingdom (S. Brecker); Cardiac Ca
Pedro
P
Lemos
From the Centre for Heart Valve Innovation, Department of Cardiology, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada (M.S., J.W., D.D.); Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Escola Paulista de Medicina-UNIFESP, São Paulo, Brazil (M.S., J.H.P.); Interventional Cardiology Institute, Cardiology Department, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tivka, Israel (R.K.); Cardiology Department, Hôpital Bichat-Claude Bernard, Paris, France (A.V.); Department of Cardiology, Asklepios Klinik, Hamburg, Germany (C. Frerker); Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, Denmark (H.N.); Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Munich, Germany (S. Bleiziffer); Echocardiography Service, Royal Brompton and Harefield, London, United Kingdom (A.D.); Québec Heart and Lung Institute, Laval University, Québec City, Canada (J.R.-C.); Cardiovascular Imaging Core Laboratory, Case Western Research University, Cleveland, OH (G.F.A.); Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada (E.H.); Cardiologia Interventistica ed Emodinamica, Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy (A.L.); Kardiologie, Angiologie und Pneumologie, Zentrum für Innere Medizin, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Germany (R.B.); Division of Cardiology, Ospedale Ferrarotto, Catania, Italy (M.B.); Institut Cardiovasculaire Paris Sud, Hôpital Jacques Cartier, Massy, France (T.L.); Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio, L'Ospedale del Cuore G. Pasquinucci, Massa, Italy (A.C.); Unidad de Hemodinámica y Cardiologia Intervencionista, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Malaga, Spain (J.M.H.); Dipartimento Cardiotoracovascolare, Ospedale Niguarda Ca' Granda, Milan, Italy (G.B.); Transcatheter Heart Valve Department, Hygeia Hospital, Athens, Greece (K.S.); UOC Emodinamica-Dipartimento Cardio Toracico, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Siena, Italy (A.I.); Cardiac Catheterisation Laboratories, St. George's Hospital, London, United Kingdom (S. Brecker); Cardiac Ca
Anna Sonia
AS
Petronio
From the Centre for Heart Valve Innovation, Department of Cardiology, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada (M.S., J.W., D.D.); Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Escola Paulista de Medicina-UNIFESP, São Paulo, Brazil (M.S., J.H.P.); Interventional Cardiology Institute, Cardiology Department, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tivka, Israel (R.K.); Cardiology Department, Hôpital Bichat-Claude Bernard, Paris, France (A.V.); Department of Cardiology, Asklepios Klinik, Hamburg, Germany (C. Frerker); Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, Denmark (H.N.); Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Munich, Germany (S. Bleiziffer); Echocardiography Service, Royal Brompton and Harefield, London, United Kingdom (A.D.); Québec Heart and Lung Institute, Laval University, Québec City, Canada (J.R.-C.); Cardiovascular Imaging Core Laboratory, Case Western Research University, Cleveland, OH (G.F.A.); Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada (E.H.); Cardiologia Interventistica ed Emodinamica, Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy (A.L.); Kardiologie, Angiologie und Pneumologie, Zentrum für Innere Medizin, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Germany (R.B.); Division of Cardiology, Ospedale Ferrarotto, Catania, Italy (M.B.); Institut Cardiovasculaire Paris Sud, Hôpital Jacques Cartier, Massy, France (T.L.); Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio, L'Ospedale del Cuore G. Pasquinucci, Massa, Italy (A.C.); Unidad de Hemodinámica y Cardiologia Intervencionista, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Malaga, Spain (J.M.H.); Dipartimento Cardiotoracovascolare, Ospedale Niguarda Ca' Granda, Milan, Italy (G.B.); Transcatheter Heart Valve Department, Hygeia Hospital, Athens, Greece (K.S.); UOC Emodinamica-Dipartimento Cardio Toracico, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Siena, Italy (A.I.); Cardiac Catheterisation Laboratories, St. George's Hospital, London, United Kingdom (S. Brecker); Cardiac Ca
Didier
D
Champagnac
From the Centre for Heart Valve Innovation, Department of Cardiology, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada (M.S., J.W., D.D.); Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Escola Paulista de Medicina-UNIFESP, São Paulo, Brazil (M.S., J.H.P.); Interventional Cardiology Institute, Cardiology Department, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tivka, Israel (R.K.); Cardiology Department, Hôpital Bichat-Claude Bernard, Paris, France (A.V.); Department of Cardiology, Asklepios Klinik, Hamburg, Germany (C. Frerker); Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, Denmark (H.N.); Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Munich, Germany (S. Bleiziffer); Echocardiography Service, Royal Brompton and Harefield, London, United Kingdom (A.D.); Québec Heart and Lung Institute, Laval University, Québec City, Canada (J.R.-C.); Cardiovascular Imaging Core Laboratory, Case Western Research University, Cleveland, OH (G.F.A.); Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada (E.H.); Cardiologia Interventistica ed Emodinamica, Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy (A.L.); Kardiologie, Angiologie und Pneumologie, Zentrum für Innere Medizin, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Germany (R.B.); Division of Cardiology, Ospedale Ferrarotto, Catania, Italy (M.B.); Institut Cardiovasculaire Paris Sud, Hôpital Jacques Cartier, Massy, France (T.L.); Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio, L'Ospedale del Cuore G. Pasquinucci, Massa, Italy (A.C.); Unidad de Hemodinámica y Cardiologia Intervencionista, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Malaga, Spain (J.M.H.); Dipartimento Cardiotoracovascolare, Ospedale Niguarda Ca' Granda, Milan, Italy (G.B.); Transcatheter Heart Valve Department, Hygeia Hospital, Athens, Greece (K.S.); UOC Emodinamica-Dipartimento Cardio Toracico, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Siena, Italy (A.I.); Cardiac Catheterisation Laboratories, St. George's Hospital, London, United Kingdom (S. Brecker); Cardiac Ca
Jan-Malte
JM
Sinning
From the Centre for Heart Valve Innovation, Department of Cardiology, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada (M.S., J.W., D.D.); Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Escola Paulista de Medicina-UNIFESP, São Paulo, Brazil (M.S., J.H.P.); Interventional Cardiology Institute, Cardiology Department, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tivka, Israel (R.K.); Cardiology Department, Hôpital Bichat-Claude Bernard, Paris, France (A.V.); Department of Cardiology, Asklepios Klinik, Hamburg, Germany (C. Frerker); Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, Denmark (H.N.); Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Munich, Germany (S. Bleiziffer); Echocardiography Service, Royal Brompton and Harefield, London, United Kingdom (A.D.); Québec Heart and Lung Institute, Laval University, Québec City, Canada (J.R.-C.); Cardiovascular Imaging Core Laboratory, Case Western Research University, Cleveland, OH (G.F.A.); Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada (E.H.); Cardiologia Interventistica ed Emodinamica, Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy (A.L.); Kardiologie, Angiologie und Pneumologie, Zentrum für Innere Medizin, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Germany (R.B.); Division of Cardiology, Ospedale Ferrarotto, Catania, Italy (M.B.); Institut Cardiovasculaire Paris Sud, Hôpital Jacques Cartier, Massy, France (T.L.); Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio, L'Ospedale del Cuore G. Pasquinucci, Massa, Italy (A.C.); Unidad de Hemodinámica y Cardiologia Intervencionista, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Malaga, Spain (J.M.H.); Dipartimento Cardiotoracovascolare, Ospedale Niguarda Ca' Granda, Milan, Italy (G.B.); Transcatheter Heart Valve Department, Hygeia Hospital, Athens, Greece (K.S.); UOC Emodinamica-Dipartimento Cardio Toracico, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Siena, Italy (A.I.); Cardiac Catheterisation Laboratories, St. George's Hospital, London, United Kingdom (S. Brecker); Cardiac Ca
Stefano
S
Salizzoni
From the Centre for Heart Valve Innovation, Department of Cardiology, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada (M.S., J.W., D.D.); Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Escola Paulista de Medicina-UNIFESP, São Paulo, Brazil (M.S., J.H.P.); Interventional Cardiology Institute, Cardiology Department, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tivka, Israel (R.K.); Cardiology Department, Hôpital Bichat-Claude Bernard, Paris, France (A.V.); Department of Cardiology, Asklepios Klinik, Hamburg, Germany (C. Frerker); Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, Denmark (H.N.); Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Munich, Germany (S. Bleiziffer); Echocardiography Service, Royal Brompton and Harefield, London, United Kingdom (A.D.); Québec Heart and Lung Institute, Laval University, Québec City, Canada (J.R.-C.); Cardiovascular Imaging Core Laboratory, Case Western Research University, Cleveland, OH (G.F.A.); Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada (E.H.); Cardiologia Interventistica ed Emodinamica, Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy (A.L.); Kardiologie, Angiologie und Pneumologie, Zentrum für Innere Medizin, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Germany (R.B.); Division of Cardiology, Ospedale Ferrarotto, Catania, Italy (M.B.); Institut Cardiovasculaire Paris Sud, Hôpital Jacques Cartier, Massy, France (T.L.); Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio, L'Ospedale del Cuore G. Pasquinucci, Massa, Italy (A.C.); Unidad de Hemodinámica y Cardiologia Intervencionista, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Malaga, Spain (J.M.H.); Dipartimento Cardiotoracovascolare, Ospedale Niguarda Ca' Granda, Milan, Italy (G.B.); Transcatheter Heart Valve Department, Hygeia Hospital, Athens, Greece (K.S.); UOC Emodinamica-Dipartimento Cardio Toracico, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Siena, Italy (A.I.); Cardiac Catheterisation Laboratories, St. George's Hospital, London, United Kingdom (S. Brecker); Cardiac Ca
Massimo
M
Napodano
From the Centre for Heart Valve Innovation, Department of Cardiology, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada (M.S., J.W., D.D.); Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Escola Paulista de Medicina-UNIFESP, São Paulo, Brazil (M.S., J.H.P.); Interventional Cardiology Institute, Cardiology Department, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tivka, Israel (R.K.); Cardiology Department, Hôpital Bichat-Claude Bernard, Paris, France (A.V.); Department of Cardiology, Asklepios Klinik, Hamburg, Germany (C. Frerker); Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, Denmark (H.N.); Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Munich, Germany (S. Bleiziffer); Echocardiography Service, Royal Brompton and Harefield, London, United Kingdom (A.D.); Québec Heart and Lung Institute, Laval University, Québec City, Canada (J.R.-C.); Cardiovascular Imaging Core Laboratory, Case Western Research University, Cleveland, OH (G.F.A.); Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada (E.H.); Cardiologia Interventistica ed Emodinamica, Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy (A.L.); Kardiologie, Angiologie und Pneumologie, Zentrum für Innere Medizin, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Germany (R.B.); Division of Cardiology, Ospedale Ferrarotto, Catania, Italy (M.B.); Institut Cardiovasculaire Paris Sud, Hôpital Jacques Cartier, Massy, France (T.L.); Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio, L'Ospedale del Cuore G. Pasquinucci, Massa, Italy (A.C.); Unidad de Hemodinámica y Cardiologia Intervencionista, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Malaga, Spain (J.M.H.); Dipartimento Cardiotoracovascolare, Ospedale Niguarda Ca' Granda, Milan, Italy (G.B.); Transcatheter Heart Valve Department, Hygeia Hospital, Athens, Greece (K.S.); UOC Emodinamica-Dipartimento Cardio Toracico, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Siena, Italy (A.I.); Cardiac Catheterisation Laboratories, St. George's Hospital, London, United Kingdom (S. Brecker); Cardiac Ca
Claudia
C
Fiorina
From the Centre for Heart Valve Innovation, Department of Cardiology, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada (M.S., J.W., D.D.); Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Escola Paulista de Medicina-UNIFESP, São Paulo, Brazil (M.S., J.H.P.); Interventional Cardiology Institute, Cardiology Department, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tivka, Israel (R.K.); Cardiology Department, Hôpital Bichat-Claude Bernard, Paris, France (A.V.); Department of Cardiology, Asklepios Klinik, Hamburg, Germany (C. Frerker); Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, Denmark (H.N.); Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Munich, Germany (S. Bleiziffer); Echocardiography Service, Royal Brompton and Harefield, London, United Kingdom (A.D.); Québec Heart and Lung Institute, Laval University, Québec City, Canada (J.R.-C.); Cardiovascular Imaging Core Laboratory, Case Western Research University, Cleveland, OH (G.F.A.); Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada (E.H.); Cardiologia Interventistica ed Emodinamica, Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy (A.L.); Kardiologie, Angiologie und Pneumologie, Zentrum für Innere Medizin, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Germany (R.B.); Division of Cardiology, Ospedale Ferrarotto, Catania, Italy (M.B.); Institut Cardiovasculaire Paris Sud, Hôpital Jacques Cartier, Massy, France (T.L.); Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio, L'Ospedale del Cuore G. Pasquinucci, Massa, Italy (A.C.); Unidad de Hemodinámica y Cardiologia Intervencionista, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Malaga, Spain (J.M.H.); Dipartimento Cardiotoracovascolare, Ospedale Niguarda Ca' Granda, Milan, Italy (G.B.); Transcatheter Heart Valve Department, Hygeia Hospital, Athens, Greece (K.S.); UOC Emodinamica-Dipartimento Cardio Toracico, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Siena, Italy (A.I.); Cardiac Catheterisation Laboratories, St. George's Hospital, London, United Kingdom (S. Brecker); Cardiac Ca
Antonio
A
Marzocchi
From the Centre for Heart Valve Innovation, Department of Cardiology, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada (M.S., J.W., D.D.); Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Escola Paulista de Medicina-UNIFESP, São Paulo, Brazil (M.S., J.H.P.); Interventional Cardiology Institute, Cardiology Department, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tivka, Israel (R.K.); Cardiology Department, Hôpital Bichat-Claude Bernard, Paris, France (A.V.); Department of Cardiology, Asklepios Klinik, Hamburg, Germany (C. Frerker); Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, Denmark (H.N.); Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Munich, Germany (S. Bleiziffer); Echocardiography Service, Royal Brompton and Harefield, London, United Kingdom (A.D.); Québec Heart and Lung Institute, Laval University, Québec City, Canada (J.R.-C.); Cardiovascular Imaging Core Laboratory, Case Western Research University, Cleveland, OH (G.F.A.); Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada (E.H.); Cardiologia Interventistica ed Emodinamica, Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy (A.L.); Kardiologie, Angiologie und Pneumologie, Zentrum für Innere Medizin, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Germany (R.B.); Division of Cardiology, Ospedale Ferrarotto, Catania, Italy (M.B.); Institut Cardiovasculaire Paris Sud, Hôpital Jacques Cartier, Massy, France (T.L.); Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio, L'Ospedale del Cuore G. Pasquinucci, Massa, Italy (A.C.); Unidad de Hemodinámica y Cardiologia Intervencionista, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Malaga, Spain (J.M.H.); Dipartimento Cardiotoracovascolare, Ospedale Niguarda Ca' Granda, Milan, Italy (G.B.); Transcatheter Heart Valve Department, Hygeia Hospital, Athens, Greece (K.S.); UOC Emodinamica-Dipartimento Cardio Toracico, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Siena, Italy (A.I.); Cardiac Catheterisation Laboratories, St. George's Hospital, London, United Kingdom (S. Brecker); Cardiac Ca
Martin
M
Leon
From the Centre for Heart Valve Innovation, Department of Cardiology, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada (M.S., J.W., D.D.); Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Escola Paulista de Medicina-UNIFESP, São Paulo, Brazil (M.S., J.H.P.); Interventional Cardiology Institute, Cardiology Department, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tivka, Israel (R.K.); Cardiology Department, Hôpital Bichat-Claude Bernard, Paris, France (A.V.); Department of Cardiology, Asklepios Klinik, Hamburg, Germany (C. Frerker); Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, Denmark (H.N.); Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Munich, Germany (S. Bleiziffer); Echocardiography Service, Royal Brompton and Harefield, London, United Kingdom (A.D.); Québec Heart and Lung Institute, Laval University, Québec City, Canada (J.R.-C.); Cardiovascular Imaging Core Laboratory, Case Western Research University, Cleveland, OH (G.F.A.); Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada (E.H.); Cardiologia Interventistica ed Emodinamica, Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy (A.L.); Kardiologie, Angiologie und Pneumologie, Zentrum für Innere Medizin, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Germany (R.B.); Division of Cardiology, Ospedale Ferrarotto, Catania, Italy (M.B.); Institut Cardiovasculaire Paris Sud, Hôpital Jacques Cartier, Massy, France (T.L.); Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio, L'Ospedale del Cuore G. Pasquinucci, Massa, Italy (A.C.); Unidad de Hemodinámica y Cardiologia Intervencionista, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Malaga, Spain (J.M.H.); Dipartimento Cardiotoracovascolare, Ospedale Niguarda Ca' Granda, Milan, Italy (G.B.); Transcatheter Heart Valve Department, Hygeia Hospital, Athens, Greece (K.S.); UOC Emodinamica-Dipartimento Cardio Toracico, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Siena, Italy (A.I.); Cardiac Catheterisation Laboratories, St. George's Hospital, London, United Kingdom (S. Brecker); Cardiac Ca
Danny
D
Dvir
D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001021:Aortic Valve / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D001024:Aortic Valve Stenosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D063126:Balloon Valvuloplasty; D001705:Bioprosthesis; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D005260:Female; D006350:Heart Valve Prosthesis; D019918:Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation*; D006439:Hemodynamics; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011474:Prosthesis Design; D011475:Prosthesis Failure; D020127:Recovery of Function; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D065467:Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
aortic valve; bioprosthesis; hemodynamics; multivariate analysis; transcatheter aortic valve replacement