Caloric Restriction as a Strategy to Improve Vascular Dysfunction in Metabolic Disorders.
Caloric restriction (CR) has proved to be the most effective and reproducible dietary intervention to increase healthy lifespan and aging. A reduction in cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in obese subjects can be already achieved by a moderate and sustainable weight loss. Since pharmacological approaches for body weight reduction have, at present, a poor long-term efficacy, CR is of great interest in the prevention and/or reduction of CVD associated with obesity. Other dietary strategies changing specific macronutrients, such as altering carbohydrates, protein content or diet glycemic index have been also shown to decrease the progression of CVD in obese patients. In this review, we will focus on the positive effects and possible mechanisms of action of these strategies on vascular dysfunction.
The Rolf Luft Research Center for Diabetes and Endocrinology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 17176, Sweden. concepcion.fernandez.garcia-prieto@ki.se.
Concha F
CF
García-Prieto
Instituto Pluridisciplinar and Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, Madrid 28040, Spain. marisolf@farm.ucm.es.
María S
MS
Fernández-Alfonso
D000375:Aging; D000818:Animals; D001835:Body Weight; D031204:Caloric Restriction; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D004038:Diet, Reducing; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D002149:Energy Intake; D038321:Glycemic Index; D006801:Humans; D008659:Metabolic Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications / Q000178:diet therapy; D012307:Risk Factors
D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D004044:Dietary Proteins
caloric restriction; cardiovascular disease; dietary intervention; endothelial dysfunction; obesity