Diabetic macular edema: it is more than just VEGF.
Diabetic macular edema is a serious visual complication of diabetic retinopathy. This article reviews the history of previous and current therapies, including laser therapy, anti-vascular endothelial growth factor agents, and corticosteroids, that have been used to treat this condition. In addition, it proposes new ways to use them in combination in order to decrease treatment burden and potentially address other causes besides vascular endothelial growth factor for diabetic macular edema.
Medical Center Ophthalmology Associates, San Antonio, TX, USA.
Michael A
MA
Singer
University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
Daniel S
DS
Kermany
University of Texas Health Science Center, Austin, TX, USA.
Jana
J
Waters
University of Texas Health Science Center, Austin, TX, USA.
Michael E
ME
Jansen
University of Texas Health Science Center, Austin, TX, USA.
Lyndon
L
Tyler
Diabetic macular edema; Laser photocoagulation; VEGF; macular edema