Effects of organic matter in livestock manure digester liquid on microbial community structure and in situ activity of anammox granules.
Anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) is a promising process for NH4(+)-rich wastewaters such as anaerobic digester liquids. In the present study, we investigated various properties of an up-flow column reactor containing anammox granules and fed with a real digester liquid at four different concentrations (Phases 1 to 4). The efficiencies of NH4(+) and NO2(-) removal decreased by up to 32% and 42%, respectively, in the digester-liquid-fed reactor (reactor-DL). When the performance of reactor-DL deteriorated, the community structure, spatial distribution, and in situ anammox activity in the two reactors were further investigated using 16S rRNA gene-based phylogenetic analysis, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), and microelectrode measurements. The phylogenetic analysis and FISH results showed that non-anammox bacteria were predominant in the granule outer layers in reactor-DL, whereas anammox bacteria still dominated the granule interiors. Microelectrode measurements showed clear evidence of NH4(+) oxidation activity in the interiors of granules from reactor-DL. Batch experiments using anammox granules at different acetate concentrations indicated that concentrations up to 50 mM had no effects on the anammox activity, whereas inorganic carbon uptake decreased in the presence of acetate. The present study clearly shows that the anammox activity and anammox bacterial density in the granules were maintained after feeding the digester liquid to the reactor for 140 days.
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashihiroshima 739-8527, Japan. Electronic address: tomokin@hiroshima-u.ac.jp.
Tomonori
T
Kindaichi
Institute of Materials and Systems for Sustainability (IMaSS), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan.
Takanori
T
Awata
Tokyo Engineering Consultants Co., Ltd., 3-7-1 Kasumigaseki, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-0013, Japan.
Yuichiro
Y
Mugimoto
Division of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Kita-13, Nishi-8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan.
Rathnayake M L D
RMLD
Rathnayake
Department of Environmental Engineering, Osaka Institute of Technology, 5-16-1 Omiya, Asahi-ku, Osaka 535-8585, Japan.
Shinsuke
S
Kasahara
Division of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Kita-13, Nishi-8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan.
Hisashi
H
Satoh
D000693:Anaerobiosis; D000818:Animals; D001419:Bacteria / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D019149:Bioreactors / Q000382:microbiology*; D017404:In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence; D058751:Livestock; D008372:Manure; D064307:Microbiota / Q000235:genetics*; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000032:analysis; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010802:Phylogeny; D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry*; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics; D062065:Wastewater / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000737:chemistry*
D008372:Manure; D009584:Nitrogen; D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; D062065:Wastewater; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical
Anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox); Digester liquid; Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH); Microelectrodes; Phylogenetic analysis