Indices of adrenal deficiency involved in brain plasticity and functional control reorganization in hemodialysis patients with polysulfone membrane: BOLD-fMRI study.
This work purpose was to estimate the implication of suspected adrenal function deficiencies, which was influenced by oxidative stress (OS) that are generating brain plasticity, and reorganization of the functional control. This phenomenon was revealed in two-hemodialysis patients described in this paper. Blood oxygenation level dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging (BOLD-fMRI) revealed a significant activation of the motor cortex. Hemodialysis seems to originate an inflammatory state of the cerebral tissue reflected by increased OS, while expected to decrease since hemodialysis eliminates free radicals responsible for OS. Considering adrenal function deficiencies, sensitivity to OS and assessed hyponatremia and hypercalcemia, adrenal function deficiencies is strongly suspected in both patients. This probably contributes to amplify brain plasticity and a reorganization of functional control after hemodialysis that is compared to earlier reported studies. Brain plasticity and functional control reorganization was revealed by BOLD-fMRI with a remarkable sensitivity. Brain plastic changes are originated by elevated OS associating indices of adrenal function deficiencies. These results raise important issues about adrenal functional deficiencies impact on brain plasticity in chronic hemodialysis-patients. This motivates more global studies of plasticity induced factors in this category of patients including adrenal functional deficiencies and OS.
* Department of Biophysics and Clinical MRI Methods, Faculty of Medicine of Fez; Fez, Morocco.|† The Clinical Neuroscience Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine of Fez; Fez, Morocco.
Rachida
R
Belaïch
* Department of Biophysics and Clinical MRI Methods, Faculty of Medicine of Fez; Fez, Morocco.|† The Clinical Neuroscience Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine of Fez; Fez, Morocco.
Saïd
S
Boujraf
† The Clinical Neuroscience Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine of Fez; Fez, Morocco.
Mohammed
M
Benzagmout
† The Clinical Neuroscience Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine of Fez; Fez, Morocco.|‡ Department of Radiology and Clinical Imaging, University Hospital of Fez; Fez, Morocco.
Mustapha
M
Maaroufi
† The Clinical Neuroscience Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine of Fez; Fez, Morocco.
Abdelkhalek
A
Housni
* Department of Biophysics and Clinical MRI Methods, Faculty of Medicine of Fez; Fez, Morocco.|† The Clinical Neuroscience Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine of Fez; Fez, Morocco.|§ Department of Nephrology, University Hospital of Fez, Fez, Morocco.
Fatima
F
Batta
† The Clinical Neuroscience Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine of Fez; Fez, Morocco.|‡ Department of Radiology and Clinical Imaging, University Hospital of Fez; Fez, Morocco.
Siham
S
Tizniti
¶ Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology and Nutritional and Climatic Environment, Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mahraz, University Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah, Fez, Morocco.
Rabia
R
Magoul
§ Department of Nephrology, University Hospital of Fez, Fez, Morocco.
Tarik
T
Sqalli
D000328:Adult; D001931:Brain Mapping; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D009044:Motor Cortex / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D015213:Neuroimmunomodulation / Q000502:physiology; D009473:Neuronal Plasticity / Q000502:physiology*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000502:physiology; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood; D006435:Renal Dialysis; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
D010100:Oxygen
Adrenal gland deficiency; BOLD-fMRI; brain plasticity; chronic renal failure; hemodialysis; oxidative stress