Cross-sectional study of ethnic differences in physical fitness among children of South Asian, black African-Caribbean and white European origin: the Child Heart and Health Study in England (CHASE).
Little is known about levels of physical fitness in children from different ethnic groups in the UK. We therefore studied physical fitness in UK children (aged 9-10 years) of South Asian, black African-Caribbean and white European origin.



Cross-sectional study.



Primary schools in the UK.



1625 children (aged 9-10 years) of South Asian, black African-Caribbean and white European origin in the UK studied between 2006 and 2007.



A step test assessed submaximal physical fitness from which estimated VO2 max was derived. Ethnic differences in estimated VO2 max were estimated using multilevel linear regression allowing for clustering at school level and adjusting for age, sex and month as fixed effects.



The study response rate was 63%. In adjusted analyses, boys had higher levels of estimated VO2 max than girls (mean difference 3.06 mL O2/min/kg, 95% CI 2.66 to 3.47, p<0.0001). Levels of estimated VO2 max were lower in South Asians than those in white Europeans (mean difference -0.79 mL O2/min/kg, 95% CI -1.41 to -0.18, p=0.01); levels of estimated VO2 max in black African-Caribbeans were higher than those in white Europeans (mean difference 0.60 mL O2/min/kg, 95% CI 0.02 to 1.17, p=0.04); these patterns were similar in boys and girls. The lower estimated VO2 max in South Asians, compared to white Europeans, was consistent among Indian, Pakistani and Bangladeshi children and was attenuated by 78% after adjustment for objectively measured physical activity (average daily steps).



South Asian children have lower levels of physical fitness than white Europeans and black African-Caribbeans in the UK. This ethnic difference in physical fitness is at least partly explained by ethnic differences in physical activity.
Population Health Research Institute, St George's, University of London, London, UK Centre for Primary Care and Public Health, Queen Mary, University of London, London, UK.
C M
CM
Nightingale
Population Health Research Institute, St George's, University of London, London, UK.
A S
AS
Donin
Population Health Research Institute, St George's, University of London, London, UK.
S R
SR
Kerry
Population Health Research Institute, St George's, University of London, London, UK.
C G
CG
Owen
Population Health Research Institute, St George's, University of London, London, UK.
A R
AR
Rudnicka
MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, UK.
S
S
Brage
MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, UK.
K L
KL
Westgate
MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, UK Department of Sport Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway.
U
U
Ekelund
Population Health Research Institute, St George's, University of London, London, UK.
D G
DG
Cook
Population Health Research Institute, St George's, University of London, London, UK.
P H
PH
Whincup
D044466:Asian People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D044383:Black People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D002648:Child; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004739:England / Q000208:ethnology; D005080:Exercise Test; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D010101:Oxygen Consumption; D010809:Physical Fitness; D012574:Schools; D044465:White People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*
Children; Ethnicity; Physical fitness