Living under a cloud of threat: the experience of Iranian female caregivers with a first-degree relative with breast cancer.
Breast cancer is a global threat to all women, especially those having close relatives with breast cancer. Women who were caregivers to relatives with breast cancer are more vulnerable to stress caused by the perception of heightened risk of cancer. Because health measures and breast health are affected by cultural beliefs and social status, information about breast cancer should consider the cultural beliefs and values of the society.



This study explored the experiences of Iranian women who were caregivers to relatives with breast cancer.



In this qualitative content analysis study, 21 female caregivers of breast cancer patients were chosen by purposive sampling. Data were collected through interviews and analyzed using content analysis.



Data analysis developed 3 categories: perception of the concept of risk, changing views about femininity, and management of perceived threat. Perception of the risk of breast cancer increased in caregivers, and they tried to manage the perceived threat. They considered the breast to be an important part of women's lives, and breast cancer in relatives changed their view of femininity.



Understanding the experiences of breast cancer family caregivers in different cultures can help in planning, counseling, and effective intervention.
Young Researchers and Elite Club, Arak Branch, Islamic Azad University of Arak, Arak, Iran.
Masoumeh
M
Hashemi-Ghasemabadi
Nursing and Midwifery Care Research Center, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
Fariba
F
Taleghani
Nursing and Midwifery Care Research Center, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
Shahnaz
S
Kohan
Medical Education Research Center, Department of Medical Education, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
Alireza
A
Yousefy
D000328:Adult; D001294:Attitude to Health; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy; D017028:Caregivers / Q000523:psychology*; D017281:Cost of Illness; D005190:Family; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D007492:Iran; D008875:Middle Aged; D010465:Perception; D036301:Qualitative Research; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000523:psychology*