Biological functionality and mechanistic contribution of extracellular matrix-ornamented three dimensional Ti-6Al-4V mesh scaffolds.
The 3D printed metallic implants are considered bioinert in nature because of the absence of bioactive molecules. Thus, surface modification of bioinert materials is expected to favorably promote osteoblast functions and differentiation. In this context, the objective of this study is to fundamentally elucidate the effect of cell-derived decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM) ornamented 3D printed Ti-6Al-4V scaffolds on biological functions, involving cell adhesion, proliferation, and synthesis of vinculin and actin proteins. To mimic the natural ECM environment, the mineralized ECM of osteoblasts was deposited on the Ti-6Al-4V porous scaffolds, fabricated by electron beam melting (EBM) method. The process comprised of osteoblast proliferation, differentiation, and freeze-thaw cycles to obtain decellularized extra cellular matrix (dECM), in vitro. The dECM provided a natural environment to restore the natural cell functionality of osteoblasts that were cultured on dECM ornamented Ti-6Al-4V scaffolds. In comparison to the bare Ti-6Al-4V scaffolds, a higher cell functionality such as cell adhesion, proliferation, and growth including cell-cell and cell-material interaction were observed on dECM ornamented Ti-6Al-4V scaffolds, which were characterized by using markers for focal adhesion and cytoskeleton such as vinculin and actin. Moreover, electron microscopy also indicated higher cell-material interaction and enhanced proliferation of cells on dECM ornamented Ti-6Al-4V scaffolds, supported by MTT assay. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 104A: 2751-2763, 2016.
Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering Research Laboratory, Department of Metallurgical, Materials, and Biomedical Engineering, 500 W. University Avenue, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas, 79968, USA.
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Kumar
Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering Research Laboratory, Department of Metallurgical, Materials, and Biomedical Engineering, 500 W. University Avenue, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas, 79968, USA.
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Nune
Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering Research Laboratory, Department of Metallurgical, Materials, and Biomedical Engineering, 500 W. University Avenue, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas, 79968, USA. dmisra2@utep.edu.
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Misra
D000497:Alloys; D000818:Animals; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry*; D002448:Cell Adhesion; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002460:Cell Line; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002470:Cell Survival; D005109:Extracellular Matrix / Q000737:chemistry*; D051379:Mice; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000166:cytology*; D016062:Porosity; D066330:Printing, Three-Dimensional; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds / Q000737:chemistry*; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry*
D000497:Alloys; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; C031462:titanium alloy (TiAl6V4); D014025:Titanium
3D printing; ECM; additive manufacturing; cytocompatibility; tissue engineering