Altered Microbiota Contributes to Reduced Diet-Induced Obesity upon Cold Exposure.
Maintenance of body temperature in cold-exposed animals requires induction of thermogenesis and management of fuel. Here, we demonstrated that reducing ambient temperature attenuated diet-induced obesity (DIO), which was associated with increased iBAT thermogenesis and a plasma bile acid profile similar to that of germ-free mice. We observed a marked shift in the microbiome composition at the phylum and family levels within 1 day of acute cold exposure and after 4 weeks at 12°C. Gut microbiota was characterized by increased levels of Adlercreutzia, Mogibacteriaceae, Ruminococcaceae, and Desulfovibrio and reduced levels of Bacilli, Erysipelotrichaceae, and the genus rc4-4. These genera have been associated with leanness and obesity, respectively. Germ-free mice fed a high-fat diet at room temperature gained less adiposity and improved glucose tolerance when transplanted with caecal microbiota of mice housed at 12°C compared to mice transplanted with microbiota from 29°C. Thus, a microbiota-liver-BAT axis may mediate protection against obesity at reduced temperature.
Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland.
Marika
M
Ziętak
Wallenberg Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg, 41345 Gothenburg, Sweden.
Petia
P
Kovatcheva-Datchary
Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland.
Lidia H
LH
Markiewicz
Wallenberg Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg, 41345 Gothenburg, Sweden.
Marcus
M
Ståhlman
Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland. Electronic address: l.kozak@pan.olsztyn.pl.
Leslie P
LP
Kozak
Wallenberg Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg, 41345 Gothenburg, Sweden; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section for Metabolic Receptology and Enteroendocrinology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark. Electronic address: fredrik.backhed@wlab.gu.se.
Fredrik
F
Bäckhed
D000818:Animals; D001647:Bile Acids and Salts / Q000378:metabolism; D003080:Cold Temperature; D059305:Diet, High-Fat; D004064:Digestive System / Q000382:microbiology; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D064307:Microbiota; D009765:Obesity / Q000382:microbiology*; D010641:Phenotype; D022722:Thermogenesis; D013997:Time Factors
D001647:Bile Acids and Salts