First Detection of VIM-4-Producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa and OXA-48-Producing Klebsiella pneumoniae in Northeastern (Annaba, Skikda) Algeria.
OBJECTIVE
The aim of the study was to investigate the prevalence and molecular support of carbapenem resistance in gram-negative bacilli clinical isolates collected between March 2013 and March 2015 in three cities (Annaba, Skikda, and Guelma) in northeastern Algeria.


RESULTS
One hundred eighty-six isolates were identified as Enterobacteriaceae (161), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (18), and Acinetobacter baumannii (7). Thirty-six of 186 (19.3%) were resistant to carbapenems. Among them, 11 harbored carbapenemase genes, including blaOXA-48(2 Klebsiella pneumoniae), blaVIM-4(2 P. aeruginosa), blaNDM-1(2 A. baumannii), and blaOXA-23(5 A. baumannii). In addition, other β-lactamases were detected: blaCTX-M-(15/66/139), blaSHV-(28/85/1/133), and blaTEM-1. All imipenem-resistant P. aeruginosa displayed OprD mutations. Multilocus sequence typing demonstrated the presence of ST 404 and ST 219 in K. pneumoniae, ST 2 and ST 85 in A. baumannii, and ST (244, 1076, 241, 227, and 233) in P. aeruginosa.


CONCLUSIONS
In this study, we report the first detection of P. aeruginosa ST 1076 harboring the blaVIM-4gene in African countries in two cities (Annaba and Skikda) in northeastern Algeria. Additionally, we report the first detection of blaOXA-48in K. pneumoniae ST 404 and ST 219 in Algerian cities (Annaba and Skikda).
1 Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE), UM 63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, INSERM 1095, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Aix-Marseille-Université , Marseille, France .|2 Laboratoire de Biochimie et de Microbiologie Appliquée, Département de Biochimie, Université Badji Mokhtar-Annaba , Annaba, Algérie.
Fatma Zohra
FZ
Mellouk
1 Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE), UM 63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, INSERM 1095, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Aix-Marseille-Université , Marseille, France .
Sofiane
S
Bakour
2 Laboratoire de Biochimie et de Microbiologie Appliquée, Département de Biochimie, Université Badji Mokhtar-Annaba , Annaba, Algérie.
Sameh
S
Meradji
1 Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE), UM 63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, INSERM 1095, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Aix-Marseille-Université , Marseille, France .
Charbel
C
Al-Bayssari
3 Laboratoire de Réanimation Centre et le Traitement Burns , Annaba, Algérie.
Mohamed Cherif
MC
Bentakouk
4 Laboratoire central d'EPH EL Hadjar , Annaba, Algérie.
Fatiha
F
Zouyed
5 Département de Pharmacie, Université Badji Mokhtar-Annaba , Annaba, Algérie.
Abdelghani
A
Djahoudi
2 Laboratoire de Biochimie et de Microbiologie Appliquée, Département de Biochimie, Université Badji Mokhtar-Annaba , Annaba, Algérie.
Nafissa
N
Boutefnouchet
1 Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE), UM 63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, INSERM 1095, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Aix-Marseille-Université , Marseille, France .
Jean Marc
JM
Rolain
D000151:Acinetobacter Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology; D040981:Acinetobacter baumannii / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D000462:Algeria; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D015780:Carbapenems / Q000494:pharmacology; D024901:Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D015378:Imipenem / Q000494:pharmacology; D007711:Klebsiella pneumoniae / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests / Q000379:methods; D058885:Multilocus Sequence Typing / Q000379:methods; D011550:Pseudomonas aeruginosa / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D001618:beta-Lactamases / Q000235:genetics*
D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D015780:Carbapenems; D015378:Imipenem; D001618:beta-Lactamases; C477893:beta-lactamase bla(VIM-4), Pseudomonas aeruginosa; C063912:carbapenemase; C108449:oxacillinase
Algeria; OXA-48; VIM-4; carbapenemase; gram-negative bacilli