The Response of the Root Proteome to the Synthetic Strigolactone GR24 in Arabidopsis.
Strigolactones are plant metabolites that act as phytohormones and rhizosphere signals. Whereas most research on unraveling the action mechanisms of strigolactones is focused on plant shoots, we investigated proteome adaptation during strigolactone signaling in the roots of Arabidopsis thaliana. Through large-scale, time-resolved, and quantitative proteomics, the impact of the strigolactone analog rac-GR24 was elucidated on the root proteome of the wild type and the signaling mutant more axillary growth 2 (max2). Our study revealed a clear MAX2-dependent rac-GR24 response: an increase in abundance of enzymes involved in flavonol biosynthesis, which was reduced in the max2-1 mutant. Mass spectrometry-driven metabolite profiling and thin-layer chromatography experiments demonstrated that these changes in protein expression lead to the accumulation of specific flavonols. Moreover, quantitative RT-PCR revealed that the flavonol-related protein expression profile was caused by rac-GR24-induced changes in transcript levels of the corresponding genes. This induction of flavonol production was shown to be activated by the two pure enantiomers that together make up rac-GR24. Finally, our data provide much needed clues concerning the multiple roles played by MAX2 in the roots and a comprehensive view of the rac-GR24-induced response in the root proteome.
From the ‡Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; §Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; ¶Medical Biotechnology Center, VIB, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; ‖Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium;
Alan
A
Walton
From the ‡Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; §Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; ¶Medical Biotechnology Center, VIB, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; ‖Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium;
Elisabeth
E
Stes
From the ‡Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; §Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium;
Geert
G
Goeminne
From the ‡Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; §Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium;
Lukas
L
Braem
**Gnomixx, 9000 Ghent, Belgium;
Marnik
M
Vuylsteke
From the ‡Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; §Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium;
Cedrick
C
Matthys
From the ‡Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; §Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium;
Carolien
C
De Cuyper
¶Medical Biotechnology Center, VIB, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; ‖Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium;
An
A
Staes
¶Medical Biotechnology Center, VIB, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; ‖Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium;
Jonathan
J
Vandenbussche
‡‡Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1318, Equipe de Recherche Labellisée Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 3559, Saclay Plant Sciences, 78026 Versailles, France; §§AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1318, Equipe de Recherche Labellisée Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 3559, Saclay Plant Sciences, 78026 Versailles, France; ¶¶Centre de Recherche de Gif, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, Unité Propre de Recherche 2301, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
François-Didier
FD
Boyer
From the ‡Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; §Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium;
Ruben
R
Vanholme
From the ‡Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; §Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; ‖‖Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes-Microorganismes, Unité Mixte de Recherche 441, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France; and Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes-Microorganismes, Unité Mixte de Recherche 2594, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France.
Justine
J
Fromentin
From the ‡Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; §Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium;
Wout
W
Boerjan
¶Medical Biotechnology Center, VIB, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; ‖Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; sofie.goormachtig@psb.vib-ugent.be.
Kris
K
Gevaert
From the ‡Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; §Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; sofie.goormachtig@psb.vib-ugent.be.
Sofie
S
Goormachtig
D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid; D044948:Flavonols / Q000096:biosynthesis; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant / Q000187:drug effects; D006575:Heterocyclic Compounds, 3-Ring / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007783:Lactones / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D055432:Metabolomics; D009154:Mutation; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D018520:Plant Shoots / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D040901:Proteomics / Q000379:methods*
D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D044948:Flavonols; C000591191:GR24 strigolactone; D006575:Heterocyclic Compounds, 3-Ring; D007783:Lactones; C435920:MAX2 protein, Arabidopsis