Midwives' attitudes towards supporting normal labour and birth - A cross-sectional study in South Germany.
OBJECTIVE
supporting healthy and normal physiological birth is part of the global maternity care agenda. Rising rates of interventions have been attributed to several factors, including characteristics, attitudes and preferences of childbearing women and their care providers. In this paper, the application of a scale that measures midwives' attitudes towards supporting normal labour and birth is described as well as factors that are associated with favourable attitudes, such as general self-efficacy, years in midwifery practice, and primary practice setting.


METHODS
in this cross-sectional study an online questionnaire was sent out via e-mail to midwives in two regions of South Germany. The questionnaire contained a validated general self-efficacy scale, a 38-item instrument that measures attitudes towards supporting normal birth among German midwives and questions about midwives' practice experiences and educational preparation.


RESULTS
on average, participants (n=188) were 39 years old (SD=10.3), and had 12 years of experience caring for women during labour and birth (SD=9.6). Multivariate modelling revealed that higher general self-efficacy, working primarily in out-of-hospital settings and having provided intrapartum care for fewer years were significantly associated with midwives' favourable attitudes towards supporting physiological birth (variance explained R(2)=29.0%, n=184). General self-efficacy (1.4%) and years of work experience (3.3%) contributed less of the variance in the outcome than work setting (24.5%). Sources of knowledge about normal birth were not significantly associated with the outcome and reduced the overall variance explained by 0.2%.


CONCLUSIONS
the study has shown that, compared to work setting, the general self-efficacy of German midwives, years providing intrapartum care and sources of knowledge about normal birth had comparatively little impact on their attitude towards supporting normal physiologic birth. Increasing exposure to out-of-hospital birth among German midwives throughout education and practice and fostering the skills and confidence necessary to support normal birth in hospital settings are important strategies to decrease unnecessary obstetric interventions.
Midwifery Research and Education Unit, Hannover Medical School, Germany. Electronic address: Laurazinsser@gmail.com.
Laura A
LA
Zinsser
Midwifery Research and Education Unit, Hannover Medical School, Germany.
Kathrin
K
Stoll
Midwifery Research and Education Unit, Hannover Medical School, Germany.
Mechthild M
MM
Gross
D000328:Adult; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005858:Germany; D006700:Home Childbirth / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D007743:Labor, Obstetric / Q000523:psychology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D008880:Midwifery / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D009721:Nurse Midwives / Q000523:psychology*; D009773:Obstetric Nursing / Q000379:methods; D011247:Pregnancy; D020377:Self Efficacy; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D000078329:Workforce
Birth setting; Midwife; Normal physiologic birth; Out of hospital birth; Self-efficacy; Support