Effects of lipoic acid on growth and biochemical responses of common carp fed with carbohydrate diets.
Lipoic acid (LA) is an antioxidant that also favors glucose uptake in mammals. Until now, there are no studies evaluating the potential effect of this molecule on glycemic control in fish. It was evaluated LA effects on glucose uptake in common carp Cyprinus carpio fed with carbohydrate diets from two carbohydrate sources: glucose (GLU) and starch (STA), and supplemented or not with LA, being the diets: +GLU/-LA (GLU); +GLU/+LA (GLU + LA); +STA/-LA (STA); and +STA/+LA (STA + LA). Carp juveniles (6.5 ± 0.1 g) were fed with each diet ad libitum 4 times a day, during 68 days. Muscle glycogen concentration was higher (p < 0.05) in GLU and GLU + LA than in STA and STA + LA groups. On fish fed with starch, muscle cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations were higher (p < 0.05) in fish fed diets supplemented with LA. Muscle protein levels were higher in fish fed with LA, independent of the diet carbohydrate source. Lipid peroxidation was significantly reduced (p < 0.05) in fish muscle on fish fed the STA + LA diets when compared with the STA diet. Our findings indicate that LA modulates lipid, proteins and carbohydrate metabolism together with the well-known antioxidant effect. Also, LA showed to enhance starch utilization taking into account muscle cholesterol and triglyceride levels.
Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB), Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas - Fisiologia Animal Comparada, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Campus Carreiros, Av Itália km 8 s/n, PO Box 474, Rio Grande, RS, 96200-970, Brazil.
R A
RA
Santos
Escola de Química e Alimentos (EQA), FURG, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil.
S
S
Caldas
Escola de Química e Alimentos (EQA), FURG, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil.
E G
EG
Primel
Instituto de Oceanografia (IO), FURG, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil.
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MB
Tesser
Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB), Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas - Fisiologia Animal Comparada, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Campus Carreiros, Av Itália km 8 s/n, PO Box 474, Rio Grande, RS, 96200-970, Brazil. josemmonserrat@gmail.com.
J M
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9463-3049
JM
Monserrat
D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017756:Aquaculture / Q000379:methods; D002347:Carps / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism*; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000378:metabolism; D004032:Diet; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D006003:Glycogen / Q000378:metabolism; D006400:Hematocrit; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation; D009132:Muscles / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances / Q000378:metabolism; D008063:Thioctic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000378:metabolism
D000975:Antioxidants; D002784:Cholesterol; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D005947:Glucose; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D006003:Glycogen; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances; D008063:Thioctic Acid; D014280:Triglycerides
Carbohydrate metabolism; Fish; Glucose; Lipoic acid; Muscle metabolites; Starch