DNA Barcoding of Birds at a Migratory Hotspot in Eastern Turkey Highlights Continental Phylogeographic Relationships.
The combination of habitat loss, climate change, direct persecution, introduced species and other components of the global environmental crisis has resulted in a rapid loss of biodiversity, including species, population and genetic diversity. Birds, which inhabit a wide spectrum of different habitat types, are particularly sensitive to and indicative of environmental changes. The Caucasus endemic bird area, part of which covers northeastern Turkey, is one of the world's key regions harboring a unique bird community threatened with habitat loss. More than 75% of all bird species native to Turkey have been recorded in this region, in particular along the Kars-Iğdır migratory corridor, stopover, wintering and breeding sites along the Aras River, whose wetlands harbor at least 264 bird species. In this study, DNA barcoding technique was used for evaluating the genetic diversity of land bird species of Aras River Bird Paradise at the confluence of Aras River and Iğdır Plains key biodiversity areas. Seventy three COI sequences from 33 common species and 26 different genera were newly generated and used along with 301 sequences that were retrieved from the Barcoding of Life Database (BOLD). Using the sequences obtained in this study, we made global phylogeographic comparisons to define four categories of species, based on barcoding suitability, intraspecific divergence and taxonomy. Our findings indicate that the landbird community of northeastern Turkey has a genetical signature mostly typical of northern Palearctic bird communities while harboring some unique variations. The study also provides a good example of how DNA barcoding can build upon its primary mission of species identification and use available data to integrate genetic variation investigated at the local scale into a global framework. However, the rich bird community of the Aras River wetlands is highly threatened with the imminent construction of the Tuzluca Dam by the government.
Institute of Environmental Sciences, Boğaziçi University, Bebek, 34342, Istanbul, Turkey.
Raşit
R
Bilgin
Institute of Environmental Sciences, Boğaziçi University, Bebek, 34342, Istanbul, Turkey.
Nadin
N
Ebeoğlu
Kafkas University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, TR-36100 Kars, Turkey.
Sedat
S
İnak
Kafkas University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, TR-36100 Kars, Turkey.
Mehmet Ali
MA
Kırpık
University of Utah, Department of Biology 257 S 1400 E, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, United States of America.
Joshua J
JJ
Horns
University of Utah, Department of Biology 257 S 1400 E, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, United States of America.|College of Sciences, Koç University, Rumelifeneri, Istanbul 34450, Turkey.|KuzeyDoğa Derneği, Ortakapı Mah. Șehit Yusuf Cad., No: 93/1, 36100 Kars, Turkey.
Çağan H
ÇH
Şekercioğlu
D025041:Animal Migration; D000818:Animals; D001717:Birds / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D057231:Climate Change; D058893:DNA Barcoding, Taxonomic / Q000379:methods*; D017753:Ecosystem; D003576:Electron Transport Complex IV / Q000235:genetics; D005787:Gene Frequency; D014644:Genetic Variation; D010802:Phylogeny; D058974:Phylogeography; D021122:Protein Subunits / Q000235:genetics; D045483:Rivers; D012621:Seasons; D013045:Species Specificity; D014421:Turkey; D053833:Wetlands
D021122:Protein Subunits; D003576:Electron Transport Complex IV