Influence of urban resilience measures in the magnitude and behaviour of energy fluxes in the city of Porto (Portugal) under a climate change scenario.
Different urban resilience measures, such as the increase of urban green areas and the application of white roofs, were evaluated with the WRF-SUEWS modelling system. The case study consists of five heat waves occurring in Porto (Portugal) urban area in a future climate scenario. Meteorological forcing and boundary data were downscaled for Porto urban area from the CMIP5 earth system model MPI-ESM, for the Representative Concentration Pathway RCP8.5 scenario. The influence of different resilience measures on the energy balance components was quantified and compared between each other. Results show that the inclusion of green urban areas increases the evaporation and the availability of surface moisture, redirecting the energy to the form of latent heat flux (maximum increase of +200Wm(-2)) rather than to sensible heat. The application of white roofs increases the solar radiation reflection, due to the higher albedo of such surfaces, reducing both sensible and storage heat flux (maximum reductions of -62.8 and -35Wm(-2), respectively). The conjugations of the individual benefits related to each resilience measure shows that this measure is the most effective one in terms of improving the thermal comfort of the urban population, particularly due to the reduction of both sensible and storage heat flux. The obtained results contribute to the knowledge of the surface-atmosphere exchanges and can be of great importance for stakeholders and decision-makers.
CESAM, Department of Environment and Planning, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal. Electronic address: sandra.rafael@ua.pt.
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Rafael
CESAM, Department of Environment and Planning, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
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Martins
CESAM, Department of Environment and Planning, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
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Sá
CESAM, Department of Environment and Planning, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
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Carvalho
CESAM, Department of Environment and Planning, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
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Borrego
CESAM, Department of Environment and Planning, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
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Lopes
Energy fluxes; Future climate; Heat waves; Resilience measures; Urban areas