Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor and Malondialdehyde as Potential Predictors of Vascular Risk Complications in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Cross-Sectional Case Control Study in Saudi Arabia.
Background. Malondialdehyde (MDA) has been implicated in the development of many acute inflammatory, autoimmune diseases as well as chronic inflammatory metabolic disorders. Involvement of inflammatory response and oxidative stress is currently suggested as a mechanism underlying development of diabetes and its complications. Objective. To evaluate the clinical utility of MDA, macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), LDL-C/HDL-C, and TG/HDL-C ratio as noninvasive laboratory markers for prediction of T2DM vascular complications. Method. 63 Saudi T2DM patients and 16 age and sex matched controls were included. Serum MDA and MIF were assayed by thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and ELISA, respectively. TG/HDL-C and LDL-C/HDL-C ratios were calculated. Results. Uncontrolled DM patients had significantly higher levels of MDA, MIF, TG/HDL-C, and LDL-C/HDL-C ratios when compared with controlled DM patients and control group (p < 0.001). MDA had 100% sensitivity and 88% specificity. MIF showed 97% sensitivity and 100% specificity and LDL-C/HDL-C had 97% sensitivity and 95% specificity. Meanwhile, TG/HDL-C had the lowest sensitivity and specificity in identifying diabetic patients who would suffer from vascular complications. Conclusion. MDA, MIF, and LDL-C/HDL-C could be new predictors of metabolic disturbance which promote vascular complications in T2DM.
Medical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt; Laboratory Medicine Department, College of Applied Medical Science, Umm Al Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia.
Heba Kamal
HK
Morsi
Laboratory Medicine Department, College of Applied Medical Science, Umm Al Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia; Clinical Pathology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo 11796, Egypt.
Manar Mohammad
MM
Ismail
Clinical Pathology Department, Al Azhar University, Cairo 11651, Egypt; Clinical Chemistry Department, Al Noor Specialist Hospital, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia.
Hassan Abdelaziz Hassan
HA
Gaber
Cancer Epidemiology and Biostatistics Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo 11796, Egypt; Kuwait Cancer Registry, 70653 Kuwait, Kuwait.
Amani Abdelhamid
AA
Elbasmy
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood*; D001786:Blood Glucose; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology*; D005215:Fasting / Q000097:blood; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism; D064368:Healthy Volunteers; D006801:Humans; D008263:Macrophage Migration-Inhibitory Factors / Q000097:blood*; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000097:blood*; D008875:Middle Aged; D012529:Saudi Arabia
D015415:Biomarkers; D001786:Blood Glucose; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D008263:Macrophage Migration-Inhibitory Factors; D008315:Malondialdehyde