Trade-Offs for Viruses in Overcoming Innate Immunities in Plants.
Plants recognize viral infection via an immune receptor, i.e., nucleotide-binding site (NB)-leucine-rich repeat (LRR) proteins. Another immune receptor, receptor-like kinase proteins, which share an LRR domain with NB-LRRs, perceive conserved molecules of pathogens called pathogen- or microbe-associated molecular patterns, but NB-LRRs generally perceive particular viral proteins. As viruses can evolve more rapidly than the host immune system, how do plant immune systems, which rely on the perception of proteins, remain effective? Viral adaptive evolution may be controlled by penalties that result from mutations in viral proteins that are perceived by NB-LRRs. Our recent studies in pea (Pisum sativum) suggest a penalty of increased susceptibility to another immune system. When a viral protein mutates to evade one immune system, the virus with the mutated protein becomes more susceptible to another. Such antagonistic pleiotropy of a viral protein by two independent plant immune systems may have precedents. Plants may rely on pairs of immune systems to constrain adaptive evolution by viruses and thereby maintain durable antiviral immunity.
1 Pathogen-Plant Interactions Group, Plant Breeding Science, Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8589, Japan; and.
Yuri
Y
Miyashita
2 National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Sapporo 062-8517, Japan.
Go
G
Atsumi
1 Pathogen-Plant Interactions Group, Plant Breeding Science, Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8589, Japan; and.
Kenji S
KS
Nakahara
D001665:Binding Sites; D005075:Biological Evolution; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions; D000090263:Leucine-Rich Repeat Proteins; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology; D057865:Plant Immunity; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D010942:Plant Viruses / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology*; D010944:Plants / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology; D011506:Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
D002352:Carrier Proteins; D000090263:Leucine-Rich Repeat Proteins; D010940:Plant Proteins; D011506:Proteins; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic