The association between resting heart rate and type 2 diabetes and hypertension in Korean adults.
The purpose of this study was to analyse the association between resting heart rate (RHR) and type 2 diabetes and hypertension in Korean adults.



A total of 5124 participants, who participated in the exercise programme at the National Health Promotion Center between 2007 and 2010 (male=904, female=4220) were analysed in this study. Anthropometrics, body mass index (BMI), blood pressure (BP) and RHR were measured, and blood samples were collected after fasting for at least 12 hours.



To investigate the association between RHR and metabolic parameters, participants were divided into quartiles. Participants in the fourth quartile (RHR >80 beats per minute (bpm) showed significantly higher systolic and diastolic BP and glucose compared with participants in the first quartile (RHR <69 bpm). When logistic regression analyses were performed, participants in the fourth quartile of RHR had 2.76 times (95% CI 2.03 to 3.77; absolute risk (AR): 12.1% (166/1371)) higher odds of type 2 diabetes and 1.27 times (95% CI 1.04 to 1.55; AR: 22.2% (304/1371)) higher odds of hypertension compared with those in the first quartile of RHR (type 2 diabetes AR: 5.3% (71/1346); hypertension AR: 18.9% (254/1346)). Multiple regression analyses showed that both BMI and RHR were significantly associated with glucose and mean arterial pressure.



RHR is significantly associated with type 2 diabetes and hypertension independent of age, gender, BMI, smoking, drinking and family history of disease. RHR in combination with BMI, and multiple linear regression analyses emphasise the importance of the association of RHR with type 2 diabetes and hypertension in Korean adults.
Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Spaulding Hospital Cambridge, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Dong-Il
DI
Kim
Exercise Medicine Center for Diabetes and Cancer Patients, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea Department of Sport and Leisure Studies, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Hyuk In
HI
Yang
Exercise Medicine Center for Diabetes and Cancer Patients, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea Department of Sport and Leisure Studies, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Ji-Hye
JH
Park
Exercise Medicine Center for Diabetes and Cancer Patients, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea Department of Sport and Leisure Studies, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Mi Kyung
MK
Lee
Faculty of Physical Education and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
Dong-Woo
DW
Kang
Research Center for Silver Science, Institute of Symbiotic Life-TECH, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Jey Sook
JS
Chae
Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Jong Ho
JH
Lee
Exercise Medicine Center for Diabetes and Cancer Patients, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea Department of Sport and Leisure Studies, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea Cancer Prevention Center, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Justin Y
JY
Jeon
D044466:Asian People; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D001794:Blood Pressure; D015992:Body Mass Index; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000208:ethnology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000208:ethnology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D015995:Prevalence; D056910:Republic of Korea / Q000453:epidemiology; D012307:Risk Factors
D015415:Biomarkers; D001786:Blood Glucose