Investigation of rat exploratory behavior via evolving artificial neural networks.
Neuroevolution comprises the use of evolutionary computation to define the architecture and/or to train artificial neural networks (ANNs). This strategy has been employed to investigate the behavior of rats in the elevated plus-maze, which is a widely used tool for studying anxiety in mice and rats.



Here we propose a neuroevolutionary model, in which both the weights and the architecture of artificial neural networks (our virtual rats) are evolved by a genetic algorithm.



This model is an improvement of a previous model that involves the evolution of just the weights of the ANN by the genetic algorithm. In order to compare both models, we analyzed traditional measures of anxiety behavior, like the time spent and the number of entries in both open and closed arms of the maze.



When compared to real rat data, our findings suggest that the results from the model introduced here are statistically better than those from other models in the literature.



In this way, the neuroevolution of architecture is clearly important for the development of the virtual rats. Moreover, this technique allowed the comprehension of the importance of different sensory units and different number of hidden neurons (performing as memory) in the ANNs (virtual rats).
Department of Physics, FFCLRP, University of São Paulo, 14040-901 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil. Electronic address: ad.andrade.costa@gmail.com.
Ariadne de Andrade
AA
Costa
Department of Computing and Mathematics, FFCLRP, University of São Paulo, 14040-901 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil. Electronic address: rtinos@ffclrp.usp.br.
Renato
R
Tinós
D000818:Animals; D001007:Anxiety / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology; D002707:Chlordiazepoxide / Q000494:pharmacology; D005106:Exploratory Behavior / Q000187:drug effects; D016571:Neural Networks, Computer; D011619:Psychotropic Drugs; D051381:Rats; D012663:Semicarbazides / Q000494:pharmacology
D011619:Psychotropic Drugs; D012663:Semicarbazides; C010059:carbamylhydrazine; D002707:Chlordiazepoxide
Artificial neural network; Elevated plus-maze; Exploratory behavior; Genetic algorithm; Neuroevolution; Rat