Exploration of upstream and downstream process for microwave assisted sustainable biodiesel production from microalgae Chlorella vulgaris.
The present study explores the integrated approach for the sustainable production of biodiesel from Chlorella vulgaris microalgae. The microalgae were cultivated in 10m(2) open raceway pond at semi-continuous mode with optimum volumetric and areal production of 28.105kg/L/y and 71.51t/h/y, respectively. Alum was used as flocculent for harvesting the microalgae and optimized at different pH. Lipid was extracted using chloroform: methanol (2:1) and having 12.39% of FFA. Effect of various reaction conditions such as effect of catalyst, methanol:lipid ratio, reaction temperature and time on biodiesel yields were studied under microwave irradiation; and 84.01% of biodiesel yield was obtained under optimized reaction conditions. A comparison was also made between the biodiesel productions under conventional heating and microwave irradiation. The synthesized biodiesel was characterized by (1)H NMR, (13)C NMR, FTIR and GC; however, fuel properties of biodiesel were also studied using specified test methods as per ASTM and EN standards.
Biofuel Research Laboratory, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Bidholi, Dehradun 248007, India. Electronic address: amit.orgchemistry@gmail.com.
Amit Kumar
AK
Sharma
Department of Farm Machinery & Power, Orissa University of Agriculture & Technology (OUAT), Bhubaneswar 751003, India.
Pradeepta Kumar
PK
Sahoo
Department of Chemistry, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Bidholi, Dehradun 248007, India.
Shailey
S
Singhal
Research and Development Department, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Bidholi, Dehradun 248007, India.
Girdhar
G
Joshi
D056804:Biofuels; D018533:Biomass; D001709:Biotechnology / Q000379:methods*; D066241:Carbon-13 Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D048408:Chlorella vulgaris / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*; D002849:Chromatography, Gas; D003247:Conservation of Natural Resources; D004951:Esterification / Q000187:drug effects; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000378:metabolism; D058086:Microalgae / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*; D008872:Microwaves; D061005:Ponds; D066244:Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D012972:Sodium Hydroxide / Q000494:pharmacology; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D013464:Sulfuric Acids / Q000494:pharmacology
D056804:Biofuels; D005227:Fatty Acids; D013464:Sulfuric Acids; D012972:Sodium Hydroxide; C033158:sulfuric acid
Biodiesel; Chlorella vulgaris; Microwave irradiation; Open raceway cultivation