Antibiotics, birth mode, and diet shape microbiome maturation during early life.
Early childhood is a critical stage for the foundation and development of both the microbiome and host. Early-life antibiotic exposures, cesarean section, and formula feeding could disrupt microbiome establishment and adversely affect health later in life. We profiled microbial development during the first 2 years of life in a cohort of 43 U.S. infants and identified multiple disturbances associated with antibiotic exposures, cesarean section, and formula feeding. These exposures contributed to altered establishment of maternal bacteria, delayed microbiome development, and altered α-diversity. These findings illustrate the complexity of early-life microbiome development and its sensitivity to perturbation.
Department of Medicine, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA.
Nicholas A
NA
Bokulich
Department of Medicine, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA.
Jennifer
J
Chung
Department of Medicine, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA.
Thomas
T
Battaglia
Department of Medicine, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA.
Nora
N
Henderson
Department of Medicine, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA. Department of Population Health, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA.
Melanie
M
Jay
Division of Biostatistics, Department of Population Health and Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA.
Huilin
H
Li
Department of Medicine, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA.
Arnon
A
D Lieber
Department of Medicine, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA. Department of Population Health, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA.
Fen
F
Wu
Department of Medicine, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA. Department of Microbiology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA.
Guillermo I
GI
Perez-Perez
Department of Medicine, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA. Department of Population Health, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA.
Yu
Y
Chen
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA.
William
W
Schweizer
Department of Microbiology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA.
Xuhui
X
Zheng
Department of Medicine, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA.
Monica
M
Contreras
Department of Medicine, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA.
Maria Gloria
MG
Dominguez-Bello
Department of Medicine, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA. Department of Microbiology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA. New York Harbor Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, New York, NY 10010, USA. martin.blaser@nyumc.org.
Martin J
MJ
Blaser
D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001942:Breast Feeding; D002585:Cesarean Section; D036861:Delivery, Obstetric; D004032:Diet; D000069196:Gastrointestinal Microbiome / Q000187:drug effects*
D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents