Lycopene supplementation restores vitamin A deficiency in mice and possesses thereby partial pro-vitamin A activity transmitted via RAR signaling.
The aim of this study was to compare if lycopene also possesses pro-vitamin A (VA) activity comparable to known VA derivatives.



We used a transgenic retinoic acid response element reporter mouse model (n = 8, per group) for this study, and after the initial wash out of VA using a vitamin A deficient diet (VAD) for 18 weeks, the animals were supplemented further with (a) VAD-fed mice, (b) VAD-fed mice plus retinol (20 mg/kg bw), (c) VAD-fed mice plus β-carotene (40 mg/kg bw), and (d) VAD-fed mice plus lycopene (40 mg/kg bw). Using ex vivo scanning and gene expression analysis of retinoid target and VA marker gene analysis in various organs of these supplemented mice (b, c, d), we found increased luciferase activity and normalized marker and target gene analysis compared to group a.



Lycopene can restore VA deficiency and compensate VA for retinoic acid receptor (RAR)-mediated signaling as the major function of VA in the mammalian organism. Lycopene administration can initiate upregulation of RAR-mediated signaling in various organs in VAD-fed animals via potential novel bioactive lycopene metabolites. This indicates that lycopene possesses partial pro-VA activity in mice transmitted via RAR-mediated signaling.
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical and Health Science Center University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.
Gamze
G
Aydemir
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical and Health Science Center University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.
Yasamin
Y
Kasiri
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical and Health Science Center University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.
Emöke-Márta
EM
Bartók
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical and Health Science Center University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.
Eszter
E
Birta
Institute of Nutrition, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany.
Kati
K
Fröhlich
Institute of Nutrition, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany.
Volker
V
Böhm
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical and Health Science Center University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.
Johanna
J
Mihaly
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical and Health Science Center University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.|Paprika Bioanalytics BT, Debrecen, Hungary.|MTA-DE Public Health Research Group of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Faculty of Public Health University Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.
Ralph
R
Rühl
D000818:Animals; D002338:Carotenoids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D004032:Diet; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism; D008156:Luciferases / Q000235:genetics; D000077276:Lycopene; D051379:Mice; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D018168:Receptors, Retinoic Acid / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012176:Retinoids / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction; D015533:Transcriptional Activation; D014212:Tretinoin / Q000378:metabolism; D014802:Vitamin A Deficiency
D002352:Carrier Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D018168:Receptors, Retinoic Acid; D012176:Retinoids; D002338:Carotenoids; D014212:Tretinoin; D008156:Luciferases; D000077276:Lycopene
Carotenoid; Retinoic acid receptor; Retinol; Tomato