Liver diseases in heart failure.
Heart failure (HF) is a growing public health concern as a consequence of the ageing of the population and the improved survival of patients with HF. HF is defined as impaired organ perfusion and/or high filling pressure. It is a systemic and chronic disease and as such involves many organs, not least the liver and kidney. The complex vascular system of the liver and its high metabolic activity render it vulnerable to circulation disturbances and trigger many molecular and haemodynamic changes in patients. There are many studies describing the impact of liver disease on patient outcomes. Hepatic dysfunction is commonly seen in HF patients and is closely correlated with a poor outcome. Knowledge about the mechanisms and impacts of liver disease in HF helps us to know the stage of the disease and treat it properly. Moreover, many drugs and toxins that are metabolised in the liver and contribute to drug interactions should also be taken into account when prescribing medication for HF patients. In light of the above-mentioned points, the authors have compiled this review on congestive hepatopathy with the aim of providing physicians and cardiologists with a succinct and useful guide on the role of the liver in HF.
Department of Cardiology, Rajai Cardiovascular, Medical and Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran.
Majid
M
Maleki
Cardiology Department, Mashad University of Medical Science, Imam Reza Hospital, Mashad, Iran.
Farveh
F
Vakilian
Heart Failure and Transplantation, Rajai Cardiovascular, Medical and Research Center, Iran.
Ahmad
A
Amin
Ventricular tachycardia; congenital heart disease; coronary artery disease; fallots tetralogy; heart failure treatment; heart failure with normal ejection fraction; risk stratification; systolic heart failure