Effect of annealing temperature on antimicrobial and structural properties of bio-synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles using flower extract of Anchusa italica.
The use of nontoxic biological compounds in the synthesis of nanomaterials is an economic and eco-friendly approach. The present work was undertaken to develop zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) by a green method using simple precursor from the solution consisting of zinc acetate and the flower extract of Anchusa italica (A. italica). Effect of annealing temperature on structural and antimicrobial properties was investigated. The crystalline structure of ZnO-NPs was shown using X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) results showed that ZnO-NPs are hexagonal in shapes with mean particle size of ~8 and ~14nm at 100°C and 200°C annealing temperatures respectively. The optical band gap was increased from 3.27eV to 3.30eV with the decreasing of the particle size. The antimicrobial activity of ZnO-NPs towards Gram positive (Bacillus megaterium and Stapphylococcus aureus) and Gram negative (Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium) pathogens decreased with the increasing of the heat treating temperature. In vitro cytotoxicity studies on Vero cells, a dose dependent toxicity with non-toxic effect of concentration below 142μg/mL was shown. The results indicated that A. italica is an appropriate reaction media to prepare ZnO-NPs for cosmetic and bio-medical productions.
Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia. Electronic address: azisusan@gmail.com.
Susan
S
Azizi
Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia; Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia. Electronic address: farizan@upm.edu.my.
Rosfarizan
R
Mohamad
Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia; Department of Medicinal Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Azadeh
A
Bahadoran
Department of Chemistry and Physics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Chemistry Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia.
Saadi
S
Bayat
Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia.
Raha Abdul
RA
Rahim
Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia.
Arbakariya
A
Ariff
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, 43400, Selangor, Malaysia.
Wan Zuhainis
WZ
Saad
D000818:Animals; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D028082:Boraginaceae / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002522:Chlorocebus aethiops; D035264:Flowers / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D006090:Gram-Negative Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects; D006094:Gram-Positive Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects; D055772:Green Chemistry Technology; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity / Q000648:ultrastructure; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D010316:Particle Size; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry*; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D013696:Temperature; D014709:Vero Cells; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction; D015034:Zinc Oxide / Q000737:chemistry*
D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D010936:Plant Extracts; D015034:Zinc Oxide
Anchusa italica; Antimicrobial; Green synthesis; ZnO nanoparticles; annealing temperature