Personalized medicine. Closing the gap between knowledge and clinical practice.
Personalized medicine encompasses a broad and evolving field informed by a patient distinctive information and biomarker profile. Although terminology is evolving and some semantic interpretations exist (e.g., personalized, individualized, precision), in a broad sense personalized medicine can be coined as: "To practice medicine as it once used to be in the past using the current biotechnological tools." A humanized approach to personalized medicine would offer the possibility of exploiting systems biology and its concept of P5 medicine, where predictive factors for developing a disease should be examined within populations in order to establish preventive measures on at-risk individuals, for whom healthcare should be personalized and participatory. Herein, the process of personalized medicine is presented together with the options that can be offered in health care systems with limited resources for diseases like rheumatoid arthritis and type 1 diabetes.
Center for Autoimmune Diseases Research (CREA), School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogota, Colombia. Electronic address: anayajm@gmail.com.
Juan-Manuel
JM
Anaya
Center for Autoimmune Diseases Research (CREA), School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogota, Colombia.
Carolina
C
Duarte-Rey
Center for Autoimmune Diseases Research (CREA), School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogota, Colombia.
Juan C
JC
Sarmiento-Monroy
Facultad de Economía (Cede), Universidad de los Andes, Bogota, Colombia; Toulouse School of Economics, Toulouse, France.
David
D
Bardey
Center for Autoimmune Diseases Research (CREA), School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogota, Colombia; Doctoral Program in Biomedical Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogota, Colombia.
John
J
Castiblanco
Center for Autoimmune Diseases Research (CREA), School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogota, Colombia.
Adriana
A
Rojas-Villarraga
D001327:Autoimmune Diseases / Q000628:therapy; D015415:Biomarkers; D003695:Delivery of Health Care; D003906:Developing Countries; D015894:Genome, Human; D006801:Humans; D057285:Precision Medicine / Q000379:methods*; D011315:Preventive Medicine
D015415:Biomarkers
Autoimmune ecology; Developing countries; Pharmacogenomics; Precision medicine; Rheumatoid arthritis; Type 1 diabetes