Effect of low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on sleep pattern and quality of life in patients with focal epilepsy.
In this study we analyzed the effects of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) on sleep and on the self-perceived quality of life in epileptic patients.



A total of 24 male patients diagnosed with focal epilepsy were included in the study. Pharmacological treatment with levetiracetam was standardized at 2 g daily. Before TMS onset, all-night polysomnographic recording (PSG) was performed, and the Quality of Life in Epilepsy Inventory (QOLIE-31) was administered. Thereafter, patients underwent low-frequency repetitive TMS (1000 pulses/1 Hz) daily for 10 days. After the end of the treatment, a second polysomnographic study was performed, and the QOLIE-31 questionnaire was administered again.



TMS induced a significant increase in sleep efficiency and in total sleep time, along with a decrease in sleep latency and the number of awakenings. In addition, the number of interictal discharges during sleep decreased significantly. Concerning the QOLIE-31 scale values, the patients showed great improvement in the self-perceived quality of life.



The present results indicate that TMS may mediate therapeutic effects in the treatment of patients with focal epilepsy, and that TMS treatment is accompanied by improvement of sleep patterns as well as improvement in self-perceived quality of life. However, a study that includes a control group undergoing sham stimulation is needed to confirm these findings.
Neurological Center, American British Cowdray Medical Center, Santa Fé Campus, Mexico City, Mexico.
O
O
Sánchez-Escandón
Sleep Disorders Clinic, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Mexico City, Mexico.
Y
Y
Arana-Lechuga
Sleep Disorders Clinic, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Mexico City, Mexico.
G
G
Terán-Pérez
Psychiatry Department, Central Naval Hospital, Mexico City, Mexico.
A
A
Ruiz-Chow
Mathematics Department, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Mexico City, Mexico.
R
R
González-Robles
Neurological Center, American British Cowdray Medical Center, Santa Fé Campus, Mexico City, Mexico.
P
P
Shkurovich-Bialik
Neurological Center, American British Cowdray Medical Center, Santa Fé Campus, Mexico City, Mexico.
M A
MA
Collado-Corona
Sleep Disorders Clinic, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Mexico City, Mexico. Electronic address: jvm@xanum.uam.mx.
J
J
Velázquez-Moctezuma
D000328:Adult; D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004569:Electroencephalography / Q000379:methods; D004828:Epilepsies, Partial / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D000077287:Levetiracetam; D008297:Male; D010889:Piracetam / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017286:Polysomnography; D011788:Quality of Life / Q000523:psychology*; D012894:Sleep Stages / Q000187:drug effects; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D050781:Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation / Q000379:methods*
D000927:Anticonvulsants; D000077287:Levetiracetam; D010889:Piracetam
Focal epilepsy; Quality of life; Sleep structure; Transcranial magnetic stimulation