Review on Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacogenomics Applied to the Study of Asthma.
Nearly one-half of asthmatic patients do not respond to the most common therapies. Evidence suggests that genetic factors may be involved in the heterogeneity in therapeutic response and adverse events to asthma therapies. We focus on the three major classes of asthma medication: β-adrenergic receptor agonist, inhaled corticosteroids, and leukotriene modifiers. Pharmacogenetics and pharmacogenomics studies have identified several candidate genes associated with drug response.In this chapter, the main pharmacogenetic and pharmacogenomic studies in addition to the future perspectives in personalized medicine will be reviewed. The ideal treatment of asthma would be a tailored approach to health care in which adverse effects are minimized and the therapeutic benefit for an individual asthmatic is maximized leading to a more cost-effective care.
Department of Pharmacy, University Hospital of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.|Salamanca Institute for Biomedical Research (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain.
Almudena
A
Sánchez-Martín
Salamanca Institute for Biomedical Research (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain.|Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.
Asunción
A
García-Sánchez
Salamanca Institute for Biomedical Research (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain. misidoro@usal.es.|Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University Hospital of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain. misidoro@usal.es.|Department of Medicine, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain. misidoro@usal.es.
María
M
Isidoro-García
D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D000318:Adrenergic beta-Agonists / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D001249:Asthma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D020024:Leukotriene Antagonists / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D000071185:Pharmacogenomic Testing / Q000379:methods*; D000071184:Pharmacogenomic Variants; D057285:Precision Medicine
D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones; D000318:Adrenergic beta-Agonists; D020024:Leukotriene Antagonists
Asthma; Corticosteroids genes; Leukotriene; Personal medicine; Pharmacogenetics; Pharmacogenomics; β-adrenergic