Enhanced simultaneous PEC eradication of bacteria and antibiotics by facilely fabricated high-activity {001} facets TiO2 mounted onto TiO2 nanotubular photoanode.
Biohazards and coexisted antibiotics are two groups of emerging contaminants presented in various aquatic environments. They can pose serious threat to the ecosystem and human health. As a result, inactivation of biohazards, degradation of antibiotics, and simultaneous removal of them are highly desired. In this work, a novel photoanode with a hierarchical structured {001} facets exposed nano-size single crystals (NSC) TiO2 top layer and a perpendicularly aligned TiO2 nanotube array (NTA) bottom layer (NSC/NTA) was successfully fabricated. The morphology and facets of anatase TiO2 nanoparticles covered on the top of NTA layer could be controlled by adjusting precalcination temperature and heating rate as the pure NTA was clamped with glasses. Appropriate recalcination can timely remove surface F from {001} facets, and the photocatalytic activity of the resultant photoanode was subsequently activated. NSC/NTA photoanode fabricated under 500 °C precalcination with 20 °C min(-1) followed by 550 °C recalcination possessed highest photoelectrocatalytic efficiency to simultaneously remove bacteria and antibiotics. Results suggest that two-step calcination is necessary for fabrication of high photocatalytic activity NSC/NTA photoanode. The capability of simultaneous eradication of bacteria and antibiotics shows great potential for development of a versatile approach to effectively purify various wastewaters contaminated with complex pollutants.
State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China; Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
Guiying
G
Li
State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
Xin
X
Nie
Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
Jiangyao
J
Chen
School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.
Po Keung
PK
Wong
State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China; Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China. Electronic address: antc99@gdut.edu.cn.
Taicheng
T
An
Division of Materials and Manufacturing Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
Hiromi
H
Yamashita
Centre for Clean Environment and Energy, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, QLD, 4222, Australia. Electronic address: h.zhao@griffith.edu.au.
Huijun
H
Zhao
D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D001419:Bacteria; D002384:Catalysis; D008027:Light; D043942:Nanotubes / Q000737:chemistry
D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents
Bacterial inactivation; Ciprofloxacin degradation; Photoelectrocatalysis; TiO(2)-based photoanode; {001} facets TiO(2)