Prenatally administered HMB modifies the enamel surface roughness in spiny mice offspring: An atomic force microscopy study.
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this research was to check the effect of the prenatally administered β-hydroxy β-methylbutyrate (HMB) on the development of enamel surface of the spiny mice offspring.


METHODS
The spiny mice dams were randomly assigned into three groups: control group (not supplemented with HMB) and two experimental groups in which powdered HMB was given at the daily dosage of 0.2g/kg of body weight (group I) and 0.02g/kg of body weight (group II) during the last period of gestation. Newborn pups were euthanized by CO2inhalation. The morphology of incisor teeth was analysed using atomic force microscopy (AFM) in semi-contact mode in the height, magnitude and phase domains. Height images became a basis for determination of surface roughness parameters.


RESULTS
Conducted study indicated that maternal HMB administration markedly influences enamel development. Enamel of offspring's teeth in both experimental groups was characterized by significantly smaller values of indices describing surface roughness and profile. HMB supplementation influenced the calculated parameters regardless of the diet type and offspring sex, however higher dose of HMB caused stronger changes in enamel surface's physical properties and could be observed in higher intensity in the male group.


CONCLUSIONS
HMB administration caused reduction in the irregularities of enamel surface, thereby possibly reducing the probability of bacteria adhesion and caries development. These observations may serve to improve nutrition and supplementation of animals and could be a lead for further research.
Department of Physics, Faculty of Production Engineering, University of Life Sciences, Lublin, Poland. Electronic address: izabela.swietlicka@up.lublin.pl.
Izabela
I
Świetlicka
Department of Physics, Faculty of Production Engineering, University of Life Sciences, Lublin, Poland.
Siemowit
S
Muszyński
Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland.
Ewa
E
Tomaszewska
Department of Comparative Anatomy and Anthropology, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Lublin, Poland.
Piotr
P
Dobrowolski
Department of Physics, Faculty of Production Engineering, University of Life Sciences, Lublin, Poland.
Anita
A
Kwaśniewska
Depatment of Applied Physics, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Lublin University of Technology, Lublin, Poland.
Michał
M
Świetlicki
Department of Mechanical Engineering and Automatics, Faculty of Production Engineering, University of Life Sciences, Lublin, Poland.
Anna
A
Skic
Department of Mechanical Engineering and Automatics, Faculty of Production Engineering, University of Life Sciences, Lublin, Poland.
Krzysztof
K
Gołacki
D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D001835:Body Weight; D003731:Dental Caries / Q000382:microbiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D003743:Dental Enamel / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000382:microbiology; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D007180:Incisor / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development / Q000648:ultrastructure; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D018625:Microscopy, Atomic Force / Q000379:methods; D011247:Pregnancy; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; D011897:Random Allocation; D013499:Surface Properties / Q000187:drug effects*; D014631:Valerates / Q000494:pharmacology*
D014631:Valerates; C004961:beta-hydroxyisovaleric acid
AFM; Enamel; HMB; Prenatal programing; Roughness