Getting to PTI of bacterial RNAs: Triggering plant innate immunity by extracellular RNAs from bacteria.
Defense against diverse biotic and abiotic stresses requires the plant to distinguish between self and non-self signaling molecules. Pathogen/microbe-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs/MAMPs) are pivotal for triggering innate immunity in plants. Unlike in animals and humans, the precise roles of nucleic acids in plant innate immunity are unclear. We therefore investigated the effects of infiltration of total Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 (Pto DC3000) RNAs into Arabidopsis plants. The pathogen population was 10-fold lower in bacterial RNAs pre-treated Arabidopsis plants than in the control. Bacterial RNAs purity was confirmed by physical (sonication) and chemical (RNase A and proteinase K digestion) methods. The perception of bacterial RNAs, especially rRNAs, positively regulated mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and induced a reactive oxygen species burst, callose deposition, salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA) signaling, and defense-related genes. Therefore, bacterial RNAs function as a new MAMP that activates plant innate immunity, providing a new paradigm for plant-microbe interactions.
a Division of Biotechnology , Chonbuk National University , Iksan , South Korea.
Yong-Soon
YS
Park
b Molecular Phytobacteriology Laboratory , Superbacteria Research Center, KRIBB , Daejeon , South Korea.|c Biosystem and Bioengineering Program , University of Science and Technology (UST) , Daejeon , South Korea.
Boyoung
B
Lee
b Molecular Phytobacteriology Laboratory , Superbacteria Research Center, KRIBB , Daejeon , South Korea.|c Biosystem and Bioengineering Program , University of Science and Technology (UST) , Daejeon , South Korea.
Choong-Min
CM
Ryu
D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant / Q000276:immunology; D007113:Immunity, Innate / Q000502:physiology*; D018551:Solanum lycopersicum / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000069452:Pathogen-Associated Molecular Pattern Molecules / Q000276:immunology*; D057865:Plant Immunity / Q000276:immunology*; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D044224:Pseudomonas syringae / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D012329:RNA, Bacterial / Q000276:immunology*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology
D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; D000069452:Pathogen-Associated Molecular Pattern Molecules; D010940:Plant Proteins; D012329:RNA, Bacterial; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases
Arabidopsis; PTI; Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000; bacterial RNAs; plant innate immunity