An assessment of the impacts of pesticide use on the environment and health of rice farmers in Sierra Leone.
One of the biggest challenges faced by Sierra Leonean farmers is pest control. Birds, rodents, insects, crustaceans and other organisms can drastically reduce yields. In order to prevent these organisms from destroying their crop, farmers use pesticides. However there are reports that these chemicals are being misused and such misuse is having a negative impact on the environment and the health of the farmers. This research study aimed to investigate the use of pesticides in rice fields and its potential effects on the environment and on the farmers of Sierra Leone. Five hundred farmers and one hundred health workers across the country were interviewed. Fifty focus group discussions were also completed. Field observations were also undertaken to see how farmers apply pesticides to their farms and the possible threats these methods have on human health and the environment. It is clear that a wide range of pesticides are used by rice farmers in Sierra Leone with 60% of the pesticides used entering the country illegally. Most farmers have no knowledge about the safe handling of pesticides as 71% of them have never received any form of training. The pesticides kill both target and non-target organisms some of which enter the food chain. Cases of health problems such as nausea, respiratory disorders and blurred vision investigated in this research are significantly higher among farmers who use pesticides than those who do not use pesticides. Cases of pesticide intoxication are not investigated by health workers but results obtained from interviews with them also indicated that cases of pesticides related symptoms are significantly higher in environments where pesticides are used than those in which pesticides are not used.
Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, United Kingdom.
Alhaji I
AI
Sankoh
Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, United Kingdom.
Rebecca
R
Whittle
Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, United Kingdom.
Kirk T
KT
Semple
Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, United Kingdom.
Kevin C
KC
Jones
Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, United Kingdom. Electronic address: a.sweetman@lancaster.ac.uk.
Andrew J
AJ
Sweetman
D000383:Agriculture; D000067565:Farmers / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000032:analysis*; D012275:Oryza; D010575:Pesticides / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000633:toxicity; D012807:Sierra Leone / Q000453:epidemiology
D010575:Pesticides
Environment; Health; Pesticides