Race and 30-Day Morbidity in Pediatric Urologic Surgery.
Quality improvement in surgery involves identifying patients at high risk for postoperative complications. We sought to assess the impact of race and procedure type on 30-day surgical morbidity in pediatric urology.



The National Surgical Quality Improvement Program-Pediatrics (NSQIP-P) is a prospective registry of surgical cases from 50 and 56 pediatric hospitals in 2012 and 2013, respectively. We performed a cohort study of children followed in NSQIP-P who underwent urologic surgery. Forty unique operations were stratified into 6 clinically related procedure groups: ureteral, testicular, renal, urinary diversion, penile and urethral, or bladder procedures. Outcomes were 3 different composite measures of 30-day morbidity. Primary predictors were patient race and procedural group. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify associations between race, procedure type, and postoperative morbidity.



Of 114 395 patients in the NSQIP-P cohort, 11 791 underwent pediatric urologic procedures. Overall 30-day complication rate was 5.9% and was higher in bladder and urinary diversion procedures. On multivariate analyses, non-Hispanic black compared with non-Hispanic white children had higher odds of 30-day overall complications (odds ratio 1.34; 95% confidence interval, 1.03-1.74) and 30-day hospital-acquired infection (odds ratio 1.54; 95% confidence interval, 1.08-2.20). Bladder and urinary diversion procedures relative to testicular procedures had significantly higher odds of surgical morbidity across all composite outcome measures.



Black race and bladder and urinary diversion operations were significantly associated with 30-day surgical morbidity. Future efforts should identify processes of care that decrease postoperative morbidity among children.
Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania chudi@email.chop.edu.
David I
DI
Chu
Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
Douglas A
DA
Canning
Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
Gregory E
GE
Tasian
D000293:Adolescent; D001741:Black or African American; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D013997:Time Factors; D013520:Urologic Surgical Procedures; D044465:White People