The Extracellular Surface of the GLP-1 Receptor Is a Molecular Trigger for Biased Agonism.
Ligand-directed signal bias offers opportunities for sculpting molecular events, with the promise of better, safer therapeutics. Critical to the exploitation of signal bias is an understanding of the molecular events coupling ligand binding to intracellular signaling. Activation of class B G protein-coupled receptors is driven by interaction of the peptide N terminus with the receptor core. To understand how this drives signaling, we have used advanced analytical methods that enable separation of effects on pathway-specific signaling from those that modify agonist affinity and mapped the functional consequence of receptor modification onto three-dimensional models of a receptor-ligand complex. This yields molecular insights into the initiation of receptor activation and the mechanistic basis for biased agonism. Our data reveal that peptide agonists can engage different elements of the receptor extracellular face to achieve effector coupling and biased signaling providing a foundation for rational design of biased agonists.
Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia. Electronic address: denise.wootten@monash.edu.
Denise
D
Wootten
School of Biological Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester CO4 3SQ, UK.
Christopher A
CA
Reynolds
School of Biological Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester CO4 3SQ, UK.
Kevin J
KJ
Smith
School of Biological Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester CO4 3SQ, UK.
Juan C
JC
Mobarec
Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia; Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Signal Transduction, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA.
Cassandra
C
Koole
Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.
Emilia E
EE
Savage
Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.
Kavita
K
Pabreja
School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK.
John
J
Simms
Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.
Rohan
R
Sridhar
Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.
Sebastian G B
SGB
Furness
Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.
Mengjie
M
Liu
Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.
Philip E
PE
Thompson
Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ 85259, USA.
Laurence J
LJ
Miller
Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.
Arthur
A
Christopoulos
Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia. Electronic address: patrick.sexton@monash.edu.
Patrick M
PM
Sexton
D000818:Animals; D016466:CHO Cells; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D002460:Cell Line; D003412:Cricetulus; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000378:metabolism; D000077270:Exenatide; D000067757:Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1 / Q000378:metabolism; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D008958:Models, Molecular; D016297:Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; D053772:Oxyntomodulin / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D010455:Peptides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D015398:Signal Transduction; D014688:Venoms / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000097789:Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists
C000593833:GLP1R protein, human; D000067757:Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor; D053772:Oxyntomodulin; D010455:Peptides; D014688:Venoms; D000077270:Exenatide; D000242:Cyclic AMP; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3; D002118:Calcium; D000097789:Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists