Initiation of drug dealing among a prospective cohort of street-involved youth.
Street-involved youth who use drugs may have limited income-generation options and are known to commonly become immersed in illicit drug markets to generate funds. However, little attention has been given to factors that may drive drug dealing initiation among this vulnerable population.



This longitudinal study examines drug dealing initiation among street-involved youth.



Data were derived from the At-Risk Youth Study from September 2005 to November 2014; a prospective cohort of 194 street-involved youth who use drugs aged 14-26, in Vancouver, Canada. Extended Cox model was used to identify factors independently associated with time to first drug dealing.



Among street-involved youth who had never dealt drugs at baseline, 56 (29%) individuals initiated drug dealing during the study period for an incidence density of 13.0 per 100 person-years (95% confidence interval [CI]: 9.9-17.2). In multivariable Cox regression analysis, male gender (adjusted hazard ratio [AHR] = 1.90, 95% CI: 1.06-3.42), homelessness (AHR = 1.88, 95% CI: 1.05-3.35), crystal methamphetamine use (AHR = 2.48, 95% CI: 1.47-4.20), and crack cocaine use (AHR = 2.35, 95% CI: 1.38-4.00) were positively and independently associated with initiating drug dealing.



Homelessness and stimulant drug use were key risk factors for drug dealing initiation among street-involved youth. Findings indicate that evidence-based and innovative interventions, including youth-centric supportive housing, low threshold employment programs, and stimulant addiction treatment should be implemented and evaluated as strategies to help prevent this vulnerable population from engaging in risky illegal income generation practices.
a Urban Health Research Initiative, British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS , Vancouver , Canada.|b School of Public Policy , Simon Fraser University , Vancouver , Canada.
Kirk
K
Hepburn
a Urban Health Research Initiative, British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS , Vancouver , Canada.|c Interdisciplinary Studies Graduate Program , University of British Columbia , Vancouver , Canada.
Brittany
B
Barker
a Urban Health Research Initiative, British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS , Vancouver , Canada.
Paul
P
Nguyen
a Urban Health Research Initiative, British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS , Vancouver , Canada.
Huiru
H
Dong
a Urban Health Research Initiative, British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS , Vancouver , Canada.|d Division of AIDS, Department of Medicine , University of British Columbia , Vancouver , Canada.
Evan
E
Wood
a Urban Health Research Initiative, British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS , Vancouver , Canada.|d Division of AIDS, Department of Medicine , University of British Columbia , Vancouver , Canada.
Thomas
T
Kerr
a Urban Health Research Initiative, British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS , Vancouver , Canada.|b School of Public Policy , Simon Fraser University , Vancouver , Canada.
Kora
K
DeBeck
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D064423:Drug Trafficking / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D018453:Homeless Youth / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D055815:Young Adult
Street youth; amphetamine addiction; cocaine addiction; drug dealing; homelessness