Using Behavioral Intervention Technologies to Help Low-Income and Latino Smokers Quit: Protocol of a Randomized Controlled Trial.
BACKGROUND
The Institute for International Internet Interventions for Health at Palo Alto University proposes to develop digital tools specifically to help low-income English- and Spanish-speaking smokers to quit. Individuals from lower-income countries and those with lower social status quit at lower rates than those from high-income countries and those with higher social status.


OBJECTIVE
We plan to launch a project designed to test whether a mobile-based digital intervention designed with systematic input from low-income English- and Spanish-speaking smokers from a public-sector health care system can significantly improve its acceptability, utilization, and effectiveness.


METHODS
Using human-centered development methods, we will involve low-income patients in the design of a Web app/text messaging tool. We will also use their input to improve our recruitment and dissemination strategies. We will iteratively develop versions of the digital interventions informed by our human-centered approach. The project involves three specific aims: (1) human-centered development of an English/Spanish smoking cessation web app, (2) improvement of dissemination strategies, and (3) evaluation of resulting smoking cessation web app. We will develop iterative versions of a digital smoking cessation tool that is highly responsive to the needs and preferences of the users. Input from participants will identify effective ways of reaching and encouraging low-income English- and Spanish-speaking smokers to use the digital smoking cessation interventions to be developed. This information will support ongoing dissemination and implementation efforts beyond the grant period. We will evaluate the effectiveness of the successive versions of the resulting stop smoking Web app by an online randomized controlled trial. Increased effectiveness will be defined as increased utilization of the Web app and higher abstinence rates than those obtained by a baseline usual care Web app.


RESULTS
Recruitment will begin January 2016, the study is intended to be completed by summer 2018, and the results should be available by fall 2019.


CONCLUSIONS
This study will provide useful knowledge in developing, testing, and disseminating mobile-based interventions for low-income smokers.


BACKGROUND
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02666482; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02666482 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/6gtcwaT28).
Palo Alto University, Palo Alto, CA, United States. rmunoz@paloaltou.edu.
Ricardo F
http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6760-1466
RF
Muñoz
Eduardo L
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1487-7618
EL
Bunge
Alinne Z
http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9182-7043
AZ
Barrera
Robert E
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0132-6235
RE
Wickham
Jessica
http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1036-2665
J
Lee
Web app; dissemination; human-centered design; recruitment; smoking cessation