Use of ATR-FTIR spectroscopy coupled with chemometrics for the authentication of avocado oil in ternary mixtures with sunflower and soybean oils.
Avocado oil is a high-value and nutraceutical oil whose authentication is very important since the addition of low-cost oils could lower its beneficial properties. Mid-FTIR spectroscopy combined with chemometrics was used to detect and quantify adulteration of avocado oil with sunflower and soybean oils in a ternary mixture. Thirty-seven laboratory-prepared adulterated samples and 20 pure avocado oil samples were evaluated. The adulterated oil amount ranged from 2% to 50% (w/w) in avocado oil. A soft independent modelling class analogy (SIMCA) model was developed to discriminate between pure and adulterated samples. The model showed recognition and rejection rate of 100% and proper classification in external validation. A partial least square (PLS) algorithm was used to estimate the percentage of adulteration. The PLS model showed values of R(2) > 0.9961, standard errors of calibration (SEC) in the range of 0.3963-0.7881, standard errors of prediction (SEP estimated) between 0.6483 and 0.9707, and good prediction performances in external validation. The results showed that mid-FTIR spectroscopy could be an accurate and reliable technique for qualitative and quantitative analysis of avocado oil in ternary mixtures.
a Departamento de Biofísica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas , Instituto Politécnico Nacional , Ciudad de México , México.
Paola
P
Jiménez-Sotelo
a Departamento de Biofísica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas , Instituto Politécnico Nacional , Ciudad de México , México.
Maylet
M
Hernández-Martínez
b Departamento de Ingeniería Bioquímica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas , Instituto Politécnico Nacional , Ciudad de México , México.
Guillermo
G
Osorio-Revilla
b Departamento de Ingeniería Bioquímica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas , Instituto Politécnico Nacional , Ciudad de México , México.
Ofelia Gabriela
OG
Meza-Márquez
a Departamento de Biofísica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas , Instituto Politécnico Nacional , Ciudad de México , México.
Felipe
F
García-Ochoa
a Departamento de Biofísica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas , Instituto Politécnico Nacional , Ciudad de México , México.
Tzayhrí
T
Gallardo-Velázquez
D000465:Algorithms; D002138:Calibration; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D016018:Least-Squares Analysis; D027421:Persea / Q000737:chemistry; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000032:analysis*; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D013024:Soybean Oil / Q000032:analysis*; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D000074242:Sunflower Oil
D010938:Plant Oils; D000074242:Sunflower Oil; D013024:Soybean Oil
Avocado oil; SIMCA; adulteration; chemometrics; mid-FTIR; ternary mixture