Anticonvulsant properties of methanol leaf extract of Laggera Aurita Linn. F. (Asteraceae) in laboratory animals.
BACKGROUND
Preparation of Laggera aurita Linn. (Asteraceae) is widely used in traditional medicine to treat various kinds of diseases such as epilepsy, malaria, fever, pain and asthma. Its efficacy is widely acclaimed among communities in Northern Nigeria.


OBJECTIVE
The present study is aimed at establishing the possible anticonvulsant effects of the methanol leaf extract of Laggera aurita using acute and chronic anticonvulsant models.


METHODS
Median lethal dose (LD50) was determined in mice and rats via oral and intraperitoneal routes. Anticonvulsant screening of the extract was performed using maximal electroshock-induced seizure test in day-old chicks; pentylenetetrazole-, strychnine- and picrotoxin- induced seizure models in mice. Similarly; its effects on pentylenetetrazole-induce kindling in rats as well as when co-administered with fluphenamic and cyproheptadine in mice, were evaluated.


RESULTS
Median lethal dose (LD50) values were found to be >5000mg/kg, p.o. and 2154mg/kg, i.p., each for both rats and mice. The extract showed dose dependent protection against tonic hind limb extension (THLE) and significantly (p<0.05) decreased the mean recovery from seizure in the maximal electroshock-induced seizure. In the pentylenetetrazole-induced seizure model, the extract offered 50% protection at 600mg/kg and also increased the mean onset of seizure at all doses with significant (p<0.05) increase at the highest dose (600mg/kg). Similarly the extract produced significant (p<0.05) increase in the onset of seizures in both strychnine- and picrotoxin- induced seizure models, at all the doses except at 150mg/kg for the picrotoxin model. Co-administration of fluphenamic acid (FFA) (5mg/kg) and the extract (600mg/kg) showed an enhanced effect with percentage protection of 70% while co-administration of FFA (5mg/kg) and phenytoin (5mg/kg) as well phenytoin (5mg/kg) and the extract (600mg/kg) produced an additive effect. Administration of the extract (600mg/kg), phenytoin (20mg/kg) and cyproheptadine (4mg/kg) offered 40%, 100% and 0% protection against THLE, each respectively, while co-administration of cyproheptadine (4mg/kg) and the extract (600mg/kg) as well as co-administration of cyproheptadine (4mg/kg) and phenytoin (20mg/kg) offered reduced protection of 20% and 50% each respectively. The extract at all doses reduced the severity of seizure episodes induced by PTZ-induced kindling.


CONCLUSIONS
The results suggest that the methanol leaf extract of Laggera aurita possesses anticonvulsant and antiepileptogenic properties.
Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria. Electronic address: malamisani@gmail.com.
S
S
Malami
Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria.
H
H
Kyari
Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria.
N M
NM
Danjuma
Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria.
J
J
Ya'u
Department of Pharmacology, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Nigeria.
I M
IM
Hussaini
D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019659:Asteraceae / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000503:physiopathology; D002645:Chickens; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D004597:Electroshock; D005260:Female; D007696:Kindling, Neurologic / Q000187:drug effects; D007928:Lethal Dose 50; D008297:Male; D000432:Methanol / Q000737:chemistry; D051379:Mice; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity; D010946:Plants, Medicinal; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012640:Seizures / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D012997:Solvents / Q000737:chemistry*; D013997:Time Factors
D000927:Anticonvulsants; D010936:Plant Extracts; D012997:Solvents; D000432:Methanol
Anticonvulsant; Antiepileptogenic; Cyproheptadine; Fluphenamic acid; Maximal electroshock