Effect of diet supplementation with Ascophyllum nodosum on cow milk composition and microbiota.
Iodine deficiency remains a major public health concern in many countries, including some European regions. This study aimed at understanding the effect of a supplement of marine alga Ascophyllum nodosum as a iodine fortifier in the cow diet, on the compositional and microbiological quality of milk. The results obtained in this work indicated that the dietary inclusion of A. nodosum exerted significant effects on cow milk composition. In particular, it increased iodine content and reduced the quantity of free amino acids without modifying the free fatty acid content. From a microbiological point of view, statistically significant differences were found in presumptive mesophilic lactobacilli, mesophilic lactococci, and Pseudomonas spp. counts. Based on a culture-independent method, milk obtained after dietary inclusion of A. nodosum harbored the highest number of Firmicutes (e.g., Lactococcus lactis) and the lowest number of Proteobacteria (e.g., Pseudomonas). In addition to changes in bacterial population, diet supplementation with A. nodosum changed the catabolic profiles of the milk community, according to Biolog Ecoplate (Biolog Inc., Hayward, CA) results. The results of this study suggest that the dietary inclusion of the marine alga A. nodosum led to an improvement of the iodine content in milk, and to a modification of its microbiota with a positive effect on milk hygiene and transformation.
Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Mosciano S. Angelo (TE), Italy 64023. Electronic address: cchaveslopez@unite.it.
Clemencia
C
Chaves Lopez
Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Mosciano S. Angelo (TE), Italy 64023.
Annalisa
A
Serio
Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Mosciano S. Angelo (TE), Italy 64023.
Chiara
C
Rossi
Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Mosciano S. Angelo (TE), Italy 64023.
Giovanni
G
Mazzarrino
Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Mosciano S. Angelo (TE), Italy 64023.
Sonia
S
Marchetti
Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Mosciano S. Angelo (TE), Italy 64023.
Federica
F
Castellani
Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Mosciano S. Angelo (TE), Italy 64023.
Lisa
L
Grotta
Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Mosciano S. Angelo (TE), Italy 64023.
Francesco Paolo
FP
Fiorentino
Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Mosciano S. Angelo (TE), Italy 64023.
Antonello
A
Paparella
Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Mosciano S. Angelo (TE), Italy 64023.
Giuseppe
G
Martino
D000596:Amino Acids / Q000032:analysis; D000821:Animal Feed / Q000032:analysis; D000818:Animals; D044646:Ascophyllum; D002417:Cattle; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D004032:Diet / Q000662:veterinary*; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D005506:Food Contamination; D005516:Food Microbiology; D063427:Food Quality; D007455:Iodine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D007774:Lactation; D007778:Lactobacillus / Q000302:isolation & purification; D017045:Lactococcus / Q000302:isolation & purification; D064307:Microbiota; D008892:Milk / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000382:microbiology*; D020560:Proteobacteria / Q000302:isolation & purification; D011549:Pseudomonas / Q000302:isolation & purification; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA
D000596:Amino Acids; D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; D007455:Iodine
Ascophyllum nodosum; Pseudomonas spp; iodide supplementation; milk microbiota