Complex mechanisms linking neurocognitive dysfunction to insulin resistance and other metabolic dysfunction.
Scientific evidence has established several links between metabolic and neurocognitive dysfunction, and epidemiologic evidence has revealed an increased risk of Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia in patients with diabetes. In July 2015, the National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive, and Kidney Diseases gathered experts from multiple clinical and scientific disciplines, in a workshop entitled "The Intersection of Metabolic and Neurocognitive Dysfunction", to clarify the state-of-the-science on the mechanisms linking metabolic dysfunction, and insulin resistance and diabetes in particular, to neurocognitive impairment and dementia. This perspective is intended to serve as a summary of the opinions expressed at this meeting, which focused on identifying gaps and opportunities to advance research in this emerging area with important public health relevance.
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Luke E
LE
Stoeckel
Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA.
Zoe
Z
Arvanitakis
Icahn School of Medicine and James J. Peters VAMC, New York, NY, USA.
Sam
S
Gandy
Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
Dana
D
Small
Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
C Ronald
CR
Kahn
Berenson-Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation and Division for Cognitive Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Alvaro
A
Pascual-Leone
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Aaron
A
Pawlyk
Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
Robert
R
Sherwin
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Philip
P
Smith
Alzheimer’s disease; Diabetes; cognition; cognitive impairment; insulin resistance; mechanism; obesity; vascular dementia