The Role of Matrix Metalloproteinases in Diabetic Wound Healing in relation to Photobiomodulation.
The integration of several cellular responses initiates the process of wound healing. Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMPs) play an integral role in wound healing. Their main function is degradation, by removal of damaged extracellular matrix (ECM) during the inflammatory phase, breakdown of the capillary basement membrane for angiogenesis and cell migration during the proliferation phase, and contraction and remodelling of tissue in the remodelling phase. For effective healing to occur, all wounds require a certain amount of these enzymes, which on the contrary could be very damaging at high concentrations causing excessive degradation and impaired wound healing. The imbalance in MMPs may increase the chronicity of a wound, a familiar problem seen in diabetic patients. The association of diabetes with impaired wound healing and other vascular complications is a serious public health issue. These may eventually lead to chronic foot ulcers and amputation. Low intensity laser irradiation (LILI) or photobiomodulation (PBM) is known to stimulate several wound healing processes; however, its role in matrix proteins and diabetic wound healing has not been fully investigated. This review focuses on the role of MMPs in diabetic wound healing and their interaction in PBM.
Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa.
Sandra Matabi
0000-0003-0093-6880
SM
Ayuk
Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa.
Heidi
0000-0001-5002-827X
H
Abrahamse
Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa.
Nicolette Nadene
0000-0002-1515-8260
NN
Houreld
D001485:Basement Membrane / Q000378:metabolism; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000502:physiology; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000502:physiology; D048909:Diabetes Complications; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000378:metabolism*; D005109:Extracellular Matrix / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D028022:Low-Level Light Therapy / Q000379:methods; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000502:physiology*; D014947:Wounds and Injuries / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000628:therapy
D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases