Quantitative fetomaternal hemorrhage assessment with the use of five laboratory tests.
BACKGROUND
In various countries, standard doses of anti-D IgG used for postpartum immunoprophylaxis of hemolytic disease of fetus and newborn (HDFN) vary from 100 μg to 300 μg. There are also different regulations concerning FMH assessment, and opinions about applicable tests are inconclusive.


METHODS
Three flow cytometry tests (FCTs) with anti-D, anti-HbF, anti-HbF+CA antibodies, and two modifications of microscopic Kleihauer-Betke test (KBT) were used.


RESULTS
In all artificial mixtures with known concentrations, FCTs and KBT with counting 10 000 RBCs had similar satisfying sensitivity and specificity. KBT with counting 2000 RBCs had to be disqualified because of significant discrepancies between expected and measured values of FMH. The test procedure with anti-D was easier and shorter than the remaining tests, but it can be only used for FMH assessment in RhD-negative mothers with RhD-positive newborns. In one clinical sample, it was impossible to distinguish fetal RBCs from maternal F cells in KBT and FC with anti-HbF but other tests were useful.


CONCLUSIONS
In the four tests, correlation between expected and obtained results was appropriate (CCC ̴1). Each test had some advantage and limitation in any clinical situation. Therefore, it is best to have opportunity to perform two or three assays in the laboratory.
Department of Immunohaematology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland.
A
A
Gielezynska
Department of Immunohaematology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland.
A
A
Stachurska
Department of Immunohaematology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland.
J
J
Fabijanska-Mitek
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland.
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M
Debska
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland.
K
K
Muzyka
Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland.
E
E
Kraszewska
D000328:Adult; D002469:Cell Separation; D019411:Clinical Laboratory Techniques / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards; D004906:Erythrocyte Count; D005260:Female; D005319:Fetal Hemoglobin / Q000276:immunology; D005331:Fetomaternal Transfusion / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis*; D005434:Flow Cytometry / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008853:Microscopy / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards; D011247:Pregnancy; D018029:Rho(D) Immune Globulin / Q000276:immunology
C061961:RHO(D) antibody; D018029:Rho(D) Immune Globulin; D005319:Fetal Hemoglobin
Fetomaternal hemorrhage; Kleihauer-Betke test; antigen D; carbonic anhydrase CA; fetal hemoglobin HbF; flow cytometry