In vivo evaluation of sunscreens by spectroscopic methods.
OBJECTIVE
The methods available for testing the efficacy of topical sunscreens have improved considerably in recent years. Nevertheless, so far no simple and rapid test has been proposed to measure in vivo transmission spectra of sunscreens in the UVA region.


METHODS
Spectral changes that occur after sunscreen application were measured with a fluorescence spectrometer (LS 50B, Perkin Elmer, UK) equipped with a Y-shape quartz guide for in vivo measurements. Three sunscreens with different protection factors in the UVA range were tested. The excitation-emission maps of human collagen, skin and sunscreens were analysed.


RESULTS
As a consequence of the human skin and sunscreen fluorescence map analysis, the optimal spectral regions (both for direct and indirect fluorescence measurements) were detected. In vivo fluorescence and remittance spectroscopy were used to investigate the time dependence in transmission spectra of epidermis with applied sunscreens. We also evaluated the feasibility of in vivo fluorescence measurements for the investigation of the sunscreens'water-resistance.


CONCLUSIONS
The procedure is simple, and values obtained can be used to predict UVA protection on the basis of the mathematical algorithms.
1Institute of Rural Hygiene and Occupational Diseases, Saratov, Russia2Technical University, Dresden, Germany3State University, Saratov, Russia.
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SR
Utz
1Institute of Rural Hygiene and Occupational Diseases, Saratov, Russia2Technical University, Dresden, Germany3State University, Saratov, Russia.
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P
Knuschke
1Institute of Rural Hygiene and Occupational Diseases, Saratov, Russia2Technical University, Dresden, Germany3State University, Saratov, Russia.
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YP
Sinichkin
fluorescence; reflectance spectroscopy; sunscreens