Multi-layered population structure in Island Southeast Asians.
The history of human settlement in Southeast Asia has been complex and involved several distinct dispersal events. Here, we report the analyses of 1825 individuals from Southeast Asia including new genome-wide genotype data for 146 individuals from three Mainland Southeast Asian (Burmese, Malay and Vietnamese) and four Island Southeast Asian (Dusun, Filipino, Kankanaey and Murut) populations. While confirming the presence of previously recognised major ancestry components in the Southeast Asian population structure, we highlight the Kankanaey Igorots from the highlands of the Philippine Mountain Province as likely the closest living representatives of the source population that may have given rise to the Austronesian expansion. This conclusion rests on independent evidence from various analyses of autosomal data and uniparental markers. Given the extensive presence of trade goods, cultural and linguistic evidence of Indian influence in Southeast Asia starting from 2.5 kya, we also detect traces of a South Asian signature in different populations in the region dating to the last couple of thousand years.
Division of Biological Anthropology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
Alexander
A
Mörseburg
Division of Biological Anthropology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.|Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
Luca
L
Pagani
Laboratoire d'Anthropologie Moléculaire et Imagerie de Synthèse, UMR 5288, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France.
Francois-Xavier
FX
Ricaut
Division of Biological Anthropology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
Bryndis
B
Yngvadottir
Division of Biological Anthropology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
Eadaoin
E
Harney
Institute of Archaeology, University College London, London, UK.
Cristina
C
Castillo
Royal Netherlands Institute of Southeast Asian and Caribbean Studies, Leiden, Netherlands.
Tom
T
Hoogervorst
Department of Vector Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK.
Tiago
T
Antao
Laboratoire d'Anthropologie Moléculaire et Imagerie de Synthèse, UMR 5288, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France.|Genome Diversity and Diseases Laboratory, Eijkman Institute for Molecular Biology, Jakarta, Indonesia.
Pradiptajati
P
Kusuma
Laboratoire d'Anthropologie Moléculaire et Imagerie de Synthèse, UMR 5288, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France.
Nicolas
N
Brucato
Division of Biological Anthropology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
Alexia
A
Cardona
Laboratoire d'Anthropologie Moléculaire et Imagerie de Synthèse, UMR 5288, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France.
Denis
D
Pierron
Laboratoire d'Anthropologie Moléculaire et Imagerie de Synthèse, UMR 5288, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France.
Thierry
T
Letellier
Division of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Centre, Singapore, Singapore.
Joseph
J
Wee
RIPAS Hospital, Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei Darussalam.
Syafiq
S
Abdullah
Evolutionary Biology Group, Estonian Biocentre, Tartu, Estonia.|Department of Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.
Mait
M
Metspalu
Division of Biological Anthropology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.|Evolutionary Biology Group, Estonian Biocentre, Tartu, Estonia.
Toomas
T
Kivisild
D001210:Asia, Southeastern; D044466:Asian People / Q000235:genetics*; D063426:Human Migration; D006801:Humans; D062312:Islands; D011153:Population / Q000235:genetics*