Behavioral and functional strategies during tool use tasks in bonobos.
Different primate species have developed extensive capacities for grasping and manipulating objects. However, the manual abilities of primates remain poorly known from a dynamic point of view. The aim of the present study was to quantify the functional and behavioral strategies used by captive bonobos (Pan paniscus) during tool use tasks. The study was conducted on eight captive bonobos which we observed during two tool use tasks: food extraction from a large piece of wood and food recovery from a maze. We focused on grasping postures, in-hand movements, the sequences of grasp postures used that have not been studied in bonobos, and the kind of tools selected. Bonobos used a great variety of grasping postures during both tool use tasks. They were capable of in-hand movement, demonstrated complex sequences of contacts, and showed more dynamic manipulation during the maze task than during the extraction task. They arrived on the location of the task with the tool already modified and used different kinds of tools according to the task. We also observed individual manual strategies. Bonobos were thus able to develop in-hand movements similar to humans and chimpanzees, demonstrated dynamic manipulation, and they responded to task constraints by selecting and modifying tools appropriately, usually before they started the tasks. These results show the necessity to quantify object manipulation in different species to better understand their real manual specificities, which is essential to reconstruct the evolution of primate manual abilities.
Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, 75006, France.|Department of Ecology and Management of Biodiversity, UMR 7179-CNRS/MNHN, MECADEV, Paris, 75321, France.
Ameline
A
Bardo
Department of Prehistory, UMR 7194-CNRS-MNHN, Musée de l'Homme, Paris, 75116, France.
Antony
0000-0002-6014-1863
A
Borel
Primatology Center of Strasbourg University, Fort Foch, Niederhausbergen, 67207, France.|Laboratory of Cognitive and Adaptative Neuroscience, UMR 7364-CNRS/, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, 67000, France.
Hélène
H
Meunier
La Vallée des Singes, Romagne, 86700, France.
Jean-Pascal
JP
Guéry
Department of Ecology and Management of Biodiversity, UMR 7179-CNRS/MNHN, MECADEV, Paris, 75321, France.
Emmanuelle
E
Pouydebat
D000818:Animals; D000885:Anthropology, Physical; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000502:physiology*; D005075:Biological Evolution; D005260:Female; D018737:Hand Strength / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D019974:Pan paniscus / Q000502:physiology*; D011187:Posture; D053001:Tool Use Behavior / Q000502:physiology*
Pan paniscus; grasping postures; in-hand movements; tool choice; tool manipulation