Genomic Characterization of the Genus Nairovirus (Family Bunyaviridae).
Nairovirus, one of five bunyaviral genera, includes seven species. Genomic sequence information is limited for members of the Dera Ghazi Khan, Hughes, Qalyub, Sakhalin, and Thiafora nairovirus species. We used next-generation sequencing and historical virus-culture samples to determine 14 complete and nine coding-complete nairoviral genome sequences to further characterize these species. Previously unsequenced viruses include Abu Mina, Clo Mor, Great Saltee, Hughes, Raza, Sakhalin, Soldado, and Tillamook viruses. In addition, we present genomic sequence information on additional isolates of previously sequenced Avalon, Dugbe, Sapphire II, and Zirqa viruses. Finally, we identify Tunis virus, previously thought to be a phlebovirus, as an isolate of Abu Hammad virus. Phylogenetic analyses indicate the need for reassignment of Sapphire II virus to Dera Ghazi Khan nairovirus and reassignment of Hazara, Tofla, and Nairobi sheep disease viruses to novel species. We also propose new species for the Kasokero group (Kasokero, Leopards Hill, Yogue viruses), the Ketarah group (Gossas, Issyk-kul, Keterah/soft tick viruses) and the Burana group (Wēnzhōu tick virus, Huángpí tick virus 1, Tǎchéng tick virus 1). Our analyses emphasize the sister relationship of nairoviruses and arenaviruses, and indicate that several nairo-like viruses (Shāyáng spider virus 1, Xīnzhōu spider virus, Sānxiá water strider virus 1, South Bay virus, Wǔhàn millipede virus 2) require establishment of novel genera in a larger nairovirus-arenavirus supergroup.
Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, Division of Clinical Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD 21702, USA. kuhnjens@mail.nih.gov.
Jens H
JH
Kuhn
Center for Genome Sciences, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA. michael.r.wiley19.ctr@mail.mil.
Michael R
MR
Wiley
Galveston National Laboratory, Institute for Human Infection and Immunity, Department of Microbiology &amp; Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA. seerodri@utmb.edu.
Sergio E
SE
Rodriguez
Information Engineering Branch, National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. bao@ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.
Yīmíng
Y
Bào
Center for Genome Sciences, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA. karla.prieto.ctr@mail.mil.
Karla
K
Prieto
Galveston National Laboratory, Institute for Human Infection and Immunity, Department of Microbiology &amp; Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA. aptravas@utmb.edu.
Amelia P A
AP
Travassos da Rosa
Galveston National Laboratory, Institute for Human Infection and Immunity, Department of Microbiology &amp; Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA. hguzman@utmb.edu.
Hilda
H
Guzman
School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY 10016, USA. nazir.savji@gmail.com.
Nazir
N
Savji
Center for Genome Sciences, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA. jason.t.ladner.ctr@mail.mil.
Jason T
JT
Ladner
Galveston National Laboratory, Institute for Human Infection and Immunity, Department of Microbiology &amp; Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA. rtesh@utmb.edu.
Robert B
RB
Tesh
Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, Division of Clinical Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD 21702, USA. wadaj@mail.nih.gov.
Jiro
J
Wada
Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, Division of Clinical Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD 21702, USA. jahrlingp@niaid.nih.gov.
Peter B
PB
Jahrling
Galveston National Laboratory, Institute for Human Infection and Immunity, Department of Microbiology &amp; Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA. dabente@utmb.edu.
Dennis A
DA
Bente
Center for Genome Sciences, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA. gustavo.f.palacios.ctr@mail.mil.
Gustavo
G
Palacios
D000818:Animals; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D014644:Genetic Variation; D016679:Genome, Viral; D059014:High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing; D016855:Nairovirus / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D010802:Phylogeny; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000235:genetics; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D017385:Sequence Homology
D012367:RNA, Viral
Bunyaviridae; Dera Ghazi Khan virus; Erve virus; Ganjam virus; Hughes virus; Qalyub virus; Sakhalin virus; Tunis virus; bunyavirus; nairovirus; virus classification; virus taxonomy