Extracellular matrix motion and early morphogenesis.
For over a century, embryologists who studied cellular motion in early amniotes generally assumed that morphogenetic movement reflected migration relative to a static extracellular matrix (ECM) scaffold. However, as we discuss in this Review, recent investigations reveal that the ECM is also moving during morphogenesis. Time-lapse studies show how convective tissue displacement patterns, as visualized by ECM markers, contribute to morphogenesis and organogenesis. Computational image analysis distinguishes between cell-autonomous (active) displacements and convection caused by large-scale (composite) tissue movements. Modern quantification of large-scale 'total' cellular motion and the accompanying ECM motion in the embryo demonstrates that a dynamic ECM is required for generation of the emergent motion patterns that drive amniote morphogenesis.
Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
Rajprasad
R
Loganathan
Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA.
Brenda J
BJ
Rongish
Department of Anatomy, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC 20059, USA.
Christopher M
CM
Smith
Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA.
Michael B
MB
Filla
Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA Department of Biological Physics, Eotvos University, Budapest 1117, Hungary.
Andras
A
Czirok
Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), CNRS (UMR 7104), Inserm U964, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch Graffenstaden 67400, France.
Bertrand
B
Bénazéraf
Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA clittle@kumc.edu.
Charles D
0000-0003-2949-0827
CD
Little
D000818:Animals; D005109:Extracellular Matrix / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007448:Invertebrates / Q000196:embryology; D009024:Morphogenesis; D009038:Motion; D038081:Organogenesis
Amniote morphogenesis; Emergent patterns; Extracellular matrix dynamics; Tissue-scale motion