Changes in the Chemical Barrier Composition of Tears in Alzheimer's Disease Reveal Potential Tear Diagnostic Biomarkers.
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases, with increasing prevalence affecting millions of people worldwide. Currently, only autopsy is able to confirm the diagnosis with a 100% certainty, therefore, biomarkers from body fluids obtained by non-invasive means provide an attractive alternative for the diagnosis of Alzheimer`s disease. Global changes of the protein profile were examined by quantitative proteomics; firstly, electrophoresis and LC-MS/MS were used, thereafter, SRM-based targeted proteomics method was developed and applied to examine quantitative changes of tear proteins. Alterations in the tear flow rate, total tear protein concentration and composition of the chemical barrier specific to AD were demonstrated, and the combination of lipocalin-1, dermcidin, lysozyme-C and lacritin was shown to be a potential biomarker, with an 81% sensitivity and 77% specificity.
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem ter 1., 4032 Debrecen, Hungary.
Gergő
G
Kalló
Department of Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem ter 1., 4032 Debrecen, Hungary.
Miklós
M
Emri
Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem ter 1., 4032 Debrecen, Hungary.
Zsófia
Z
Varga
Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem ter 1., 4032 Debrecen, Hungary.
Bernadett
B
Ujhelyi
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem ter 1., 4032 Debrecen, Hungary.
József
J
Tőzsér
Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem ter 1., 4032 Debrecen, Hungary.
Adrienne
A
Csutak
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem ter 1., 4032 Debrecen, Hungary.
Éva
É
Csősz
D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000378:metabolism*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis*; D005136:Eye Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D040901:Proteomics; D012372:ROC Curve; D012212:Rheology; D013666:Tears / Q000737:chemistry*
D015415:Biomarkers; D005136:Eye Proteins; C042434:tear proteins