Survey of musculoskeletal abnormalities in school-going children of hilly and foothill regions of Eastern Himalayas using the pediatric Gait, Arms, Legs, Spine screening method.
OBJECTIVE
To study the prevalence and pattern of musculosketetal abnormalities in school-going children living in the hilly and foothill regions of the Eastern Himalayas using the pediatric Gait, Arms, Legs, Spine (pGALS) screening tool.


METHODS
Total of 3608 children, aged 3-12 years were enrolled from 16 schools (5 in the hills) in the eastern Himalayan region. After the three screening questions, the pGALS maneuvers were administered. Subjects were shown a video on pGALS before the actual testing. Those detected to have abnormality were probed in greater detail and referred for treatment as necessary.


RESULTS
The pGALS examination was completed in 3463 children with a median time of 3 min (range 1.9-5.4 min). The abnormality pattern was in the order: growing pains (38.86%), hypermobility (25.54%), mechanical pains (24.46%) and others (11.14%). Among mechanical pain, back and neck problems occurred with a similar overall frequency of 7.61%. Similar order was observed considering only children from the pains. However, in hill children, the proportion of mechanical problems (32.28%) exceeded proportion of hypermobility (23.62%). Asymptomatic hypermobility was more common than symptomatic hypermobility. Maximum prevalence of hypermobility was in 6-9 year age group. Of the 94 children with hypermobility, 55.32% had some kind of joint pain.


CONCLUSIONS
Pediatric Gait, Arms, Legs, Spine is an acceptable screening tool for musculoskeletal abnormalities in apparently healthy children. Growing pain is the commonest musculoskeletal complaint while hypermobility is the commonest physical abnormality in school-going children in the Eastern Himalayas. Asymptomatic hypermobility is more common than symptomatic hypermobility.
Department of Pediatric Medicine, Medical College Kolkata, Kolkata, India.
Tapas Kumar
TK
Sabui
Department of Pediatric Medicine, Medical College Kolkata, Kolkata, India.
Moumita
M
Samanta
Department of Pediatric Medicine, Medical College Kolkata, Kolkata, India.
Rakesh Kumar
RK
Mondal
Department of Pediatric Medicine, North Bengal Medical College and Hospital, Darjeeling, India.
Indira
I
Banerjee
Department of Pediatric Medicine, North Bengal Medical College and Hospital, Darjeeling, India.
Abishek
A
Saren
Department of Pharmacology, IPGME&R and SSKM Hospital, Kolkata, India.
Avijit
A
Hazra
D000367:Age Factors; D001132:Arm / Q000254:growth & development*; D018771:Arthralgia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D002648:Child; D002657:Child Development; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005684:Gait; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D007194:India / Q000453:epidemiology; D007593:Joint Instability / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D007866:Leg / Q000254:growth & development*; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000379:methods*; D009140:Musculoskeletal Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D015995:Prevalence; D012819:Sikkim / Q000453:epidemiology; D013131:Spine / Q000254:growth & development*
children; hills; musculoskeletal problem; pGALS