Assessment of liposome bupivacaine infiltration versus continuous femoral nerve block for postsurgical analgesia following total knee arthroplasty: a retrospective cohort study.
OBJECTIVE
Perioperative pain management is an important aspect of recovery from total knee arthroplasty (TKA) because severe pain can delay ambulation and hospital discharge. The objective of this retrospective sequential cohort study was to determine the impact of local infiltration analgesia using liposome bupivacaine (Exparel1) when compared with a continuous femoral nerve block (FNB) following TKA.


METHODS
This retrospective cohort study included consecutive patients who underwent TKA between April 2011 and April 2014, and received one of three interventions. Study Group A received adductor canal infiltration with bupivacaine HCl and knee infiltration with liposome bupivacaine. Study Group B received adductor canal infiltration with liposome bupivacaine and knee infiltration with liposome bupivacaine. The control group received a continuous FNB with ropivacaine HCl delivered via an elastomeric pump. Numeric pain rating scores (NPRS), distance walked, length of stay (LOS), and dose of narcotic medication were the key efficacy variables of interest.


RESULTS
A total of 237 patients were included in this study: 98 in Group A, 34 in Group B, and 105 controls. On postoperative day (POD) 0, mean (standard deviation [SD]) NPRSs were similar between Group A (1.8 [1.7]), Group B (2.7 [1.8]), and the control group (2.3 [2.4]). Significantly (p < 0.05) more patients in Group A (58%) and Group B (44%) walked on POD0 than in the control group (0%); almost all patients walked on POD1. The mean (SD) distance walked was also significantly greater (p < 0.05) on POD1 in Group A (193 [203] feet) and Group B (211 [144] feet) than in the control group (46 [73] feet). Mean (SD) LOS was significantly (p < 0.05) shorter in Group B (2.2 [1.2] days), than in the control group (3.2 [0.7] days) and Group A (3.0 [1.7] days).


CONCLUSIONS
Local infiltration analgesia using liposome bupivacaine was associated with improved ambulation and shorter LOS following TKA when compared with continuous FNB in this retrospective cohort study.
a Department of Medicine , University of Illinois College of Medicine at Peoria , Peoria , IL , USA.
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CS
Kirkness
b Center for Outcomes Research, University of Illinois College of Medicine , Peoria , IL , USA.|c Department of Pharmacy Systems, Outcomes & Policy , University of Illinois at Chicago College of Pharmacy , Chicago , IL , USA.
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Asche
d University of Illinois College of Medicine , Peoria , IL , USA.
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Ren
e UnityPoint Health-Proctor Hospital , Peoria , IL , USA.
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Gordon
b Center for Outcomes Research, University of Illinois College of Medicine , Peoria , IL , USA.
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Maurer
b Center for Outcomes Research, University of Illinois College of Medicine , Peoria , IL , USA.
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Maurer
f Great Plains Orthopedic , Peoria , IL , USA.
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Maurer
Analgesia; Femoral nerve block; Liposome bupivacaine; Pain, postsurgical; Total knee arthroplasty