Snakin: Structure, Roles and Applications of a Plant Antimicrobial Peptide.
Snakins are plant antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) of the Snakin/GASA family, formed by three distinct regions: an N-terminal signal peptide; a variable site; and the GASA domain in the Cterminal region composed by twelve conserved cysteine residues that contribute to the biochemical stability of the molecule. These peptides are known to play different roles in response to a variety of biotic (i.e., induced by bacteria, fungi and nematode pathogens) and abiotic (salinity, drought and ROS) stressors, as well as in crosstalk promoted by plant hormones, with emphasis on abscisic and salicylic acid (ABA and SA, respectively). Such properties make snakin/GASA members promising biotechnological sources for potential therapeutic and agricultural applications. However, information regarding their tertiary structure, mode of action and function are not yet completely elucidated. The present review presents aspects of snakin structure, expression, functional studies and perspectives about the potential applications for agricultural and medical purposes.
Marx
M
Oliveira-Lima
Ana Maria
AM
Benko-Iseppon
Jose Ribamar Costa Ferreira
JRCF
Neto
Susana
S
Rodriguez-Decuadro
Ederson Akio
EA
Kido
Sergio
S
Crovella
Federal University of Pernambuco, Center of Biological Sciences, Department of Genetics, Laboratory of Genetics and Vegetal Biotechnology, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego 1235, CEP 50670-420, Recife, PE, Brazil.
Valesca
V
Pandolfi
D000040:Abscisic Acid / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D000222:Adaptation, Physiological / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D060467:Disease Resistance / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics*; D015870:Gene Expression; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D010937:Plant Growth Regulators / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D057865:Plant Immunity / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D010944:Plants / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000821:virology; D000072417:Protein Domains; D020156:Salicylic Acid / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D013312:Stress, Physiological / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology
D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D010937:Plant Growth Regulators; D010940:Plant Proteins; C117071:SN1 protein, Solanum tuberosum; C096014:Sn-1 protein, Capsicum annuum; C093242:GASA protein, Arabidopsis; D000040:Abscisic Acid; D020156:Salicylic Acid
Snakin/GASA domain; crosstalk; cysteine-bridges; stress response