Clinical Survey of Dengue Virus Circulation in the Republic of Djibouti between 2011 and 2014 Identifies Serotype 3 Epidemic and Recommends Clinical Diagnosis Guidelines for Resource Limited Settings.
Dengue virus is endemic globally, throughout tropical and sub-tropical regions. While the number of epidemics due to the four DENV serotypes is pronounced in East Africa, the total number of cases reported in Africa (16 million infections) remained at low levels compared to Asia (70 million infections). The French Armed forces Health Service provides epidemiological surveillance support in the Republic of Djibouti through the Bouffard Military hospital. Between 2011 and 2014, clinical and biological data of suspected dengue syndromes were collected at the Bouffard Military hospital and analyzed to improve Dengue clinical diagnosis and evaluate its circulation in East Africa. Examining samples from patients that presented one or more Dengue-like symptoms the study evidenced 128 Dengue cases among 354 suspected cases (36.2% of the non-malarial Dengue-like syndromes). It also demonstrated the circulation of serotypes 1 and 2 and reports the first epidemic of serotype 3 infections in Djibouti which was found in all of the hospitalized patients in this study. Based on these results we have determined that screening for Malaria and the presence of the arthralgia, gastro-intestinal symptoms and lymphopenia < 1,000cell/ mm3 allows for negative predictive value and specificity of diagnosis in isolated areas superior to 80% up to day 6. This study also provides evidence for an epidemic of Dengue virus serotype 3 previously not detected in Djibouti.
Emergency Department, Bouffard Military Hospital, Djibouti, Republic of Djibouti.
Erwan
E
Le Gonidec
French National Reference Centre for Arbovirus-Armed Forces Biomedical Research Institute, Marseille, France.
Marianne
M
Maquart
French Armed forces Centre for Epidemiology and Public Health (CESPA), GSBdD Marseille Aubagne, Marseille, France.
Sandrine
S
Duron
Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Laveran Military Teaching Hospital, Marseille, France.
Hélène
H
Savini
Department of Medicine, Bouffard Military Hospital, Djibouti, Republic of Djibouti.
Geraldine
G
Cazajous
Emergency Department, Bouffard Military Hospital, Djibouti, Republic of Djibouti.
Pierre-Olivier
PO
Vidal
Department of Medicine, Bouffard Military Hospital, Djibouti, Republic of Djibouti.
Marie-Caroline
MC
Chenilleau
Department of Medicine, Bouffard Military Hospital, Djibouti, Republic of Djibouti.
Jean-Baptiste
JB
Roseau
Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Bouffard Military Hospital, Djibouti, Republic of Djibouti.
Alain
A
Benois
Department of Biology, Bouffard Military Hospital, Djibouti, Republic of Djibouti.
Céline
C
Dehan
French National Reference Centre for Arbovirus-Armed Forces Biomedical Research Institute, Marseille, France.|U.S. Army Medical Research and Materiel Command, Fort Detrick, Maryland, United States of America.
Jeffrey
J
Kugelman
French National Reference Centre for Arbovirus-Armed Forces Biomedical Research Institute, Marseille, France.
Isabelle
I
Leparc-Goffart
Department of Biology, Bouffard Military Hospital, Djibouti, Republic of Djibouti.
Serge
S
Védy
D021821:Communicable Diseases, Emerging; D003715:Dengue / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology*; D003716:Dengue Virus / Q000145:classification*; D015730:Djibouti / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D018655:Lymphocyte Count; D010976:Platelet Count; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D012703:Serotyping
D012367:RNA, Viral