Three Fusarium oxysporum mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) have distinct and complementary roles in stress adaptation and cross-kingdom pathogenicity.
Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades mediate cellular responses to environmental signals. Previous studies in the fungal pathogen Fusarium oxysporum have revealed a crucial role of Fmk1, the MAPK orthologous to Saccharomyces cerevisiae Fus3/Kss1, in vegetative hyphal fusion and plant infection. Here, we genetically dissected the individual and combined contributions of the three MAPKs Fmk1, Mpk1 and Hog1 in the regulation of development, stress response and virulence of F. oxysporum on plant and animal hosts. Mutants lacking Fmk1 or Mpk1 were affected in reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostasis and impaired in hyphal fusion and aggregation. Loss of Mpk1 also led to increased sensitivity to cell wall and heat stress, which was exacerbated by simultaneous inactivation of Fmk1, suggesting that both MAPKs contribute to cellular adaptation to high temperature, a prerequisite for mammalian pathogens. Deletion of Hog1 caused increased sensitivity to hyperosmotic stress and resulted in partial rescue of the restricted colony growth phenotype of the mpk1Δ mutant. Infection assays on tomato plants and the invertebrate animal host Galleria mellonella revealed distinct and additive contributions of the different MAPKs to virulence. Our results indicate that positive and negative cross-talk between the three MAPK pathways regulates stress adaptation, development and virulence in the cross-kingdom pathogen F. oxysporum.
Departamento de Genética, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario ceiA3, Universidad de Córdoba, 14071, Córdoba, Spain.
David
D
Segorbe
Departamento de Genética, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario ceiA3, Universidad de Córdoba, 14071, Córdoba, Spain.
Antonio
A
Di Pietro
Departamento de Genética, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario ceiA3, Universidad de Córdoba, 14071, Córdoba, Spain.
Elena
E
Pérez-Nadales
Departamento de Genética, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario ceiA3, Universidad de Córdoba, 14071, Córdoba, Spain.
David
D
Turrà
D000222:Adaptation, Physiological; D000818:Animals; D002473:Cell Wall / Q000378:metabolism; D005656:Fungal Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D005670:Fusarium / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D018869:Heat-Shock Response; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions; D025301:Hyphae / Q000502:physiology; D018551:Solanum lycopersicum / Q000382:microbiology; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D008954:Models, Biological; D009036:Moths / Q000382:microbiology; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics; D009995:Osmosis; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D010766:Phosphorylation; D013312:Stress, Physiological
D005656:Fungal Proteins; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases
Fusarium oxysporum; MAPKs; cross-talk; development; stress response; virulence