Fathers' experiences of being in change during pregnancy and early parenthood in a context of intimate partner violence.
OBJECTIVE
Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a large public health problem with far-reaching consequences for those involved. The aim of this study was to explore fathers' experiences of change during pregnancy and early parenthood in the context of IPV.


METHODS
The methodological approach in this interview study was hermeneutics, based on a lifeworld perspective. Ten men, who had subjected their partners to violence during the childbearing period, and had become fathers within the previous 6 years, participated.


RESULTS
The analysis revealed four themes: beginning to acknowledge that you are inflicting violence, receiving confirmation that you are more than just a perpetrator of violence, becoming aware of the child, and the desire to receive support in the process of learning how to become a father. Levinas' concept "the face of the other" is used to interpret the findings.


CONCLUSIONS
This study contributes to a more nuanced and expanded picture of IPV. It shows that men who inflict violence want to be and learn how to be fathers. We need more knowledge about how to stop violent acts and support these men in the process of fatherhood.
Centre for Women's, Family and Child Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Buskerud and Vestfold University College, Horten, Norway.|Institute of Health and Care Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Kristin.Haland@hotmail.com.
Kristin
K
Håland
Centre for Women's, Family and Child Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Buskerud and Vestfold University College, Horten, Norway.
Ingela
I
Lundgren
Centre for Women's, Family and Child Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Buskerud and Vestfold University College, Horten, Norway.
Eva
E
Lidén
Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo and Akershus University College of Applied Sciences, Oslo, Norway.
Tine S
TS
Eri
D000328:Adult; D001364:Awareness; D002648:Child; D004644:Emotions; D005220:Fathers; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007858:Learning; D008297:Male; D016487:Parenting; D011247:Pregnancy; D012747:Sexual Partners; D012917:Social Adjustment; D012919:Social Behavior; D013179:Spouse Abuse
IPV; childhood; experience; fathers; parenthood; pregnancy