A study of genetic variability of human parainfluenza virus type 1 in Croatia, 2011-2014.
Molecular epidemiology of human parainfluenza viruses type 1 (HPIV1) was investigated. Samples were collected from patients hospitalized in Croatia during the three consecutive epidemic seasons (2011-2014). Results indicated co-circulation of two major genetic clusters of HPIV1. Samples from the current study refer to clades II and III in a phylogenetic tree of haemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) gene. Additional phylogenetic trees of fusion (F) and phosphoprotein (P) genes confirmed the topology. Analysis of nucleotide diversity of entire P, F and HN genes demonstrated similar values: 0.0255, 0.0236 and 0.0237, respectively. However, amino acid diversity showed F protein to be the most conserved, while P protein was the most tolerant to mutations. Potential N- and O-glycosylation sites suggested that HPIV1 HN protein is abundantly glycosylated, and a specific N-glycosylation pattern could distinguish between clades II and III. Analysis of potential O-glycosylation sites in F protein indicated that samples from this study have two potential O-glycosylation sites, while publicly available sequences have five potential sites. This study provides data on the molecular characterization and epidemic pattern of HPIV1 in Croatia.
Centre for Research and Knowledge Transfer in Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.
Tanja
T
Košutić-Gulija
Centre for Research and Knowledge Transfer in Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.
Anamarija
A
Slovic
Andrija Stampar Teaching Institute of Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.
Sunčanica
S
Ljubin-Sternak
Department of Virology, Croatian National Institute of Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.
Gordana
G
Mlinarić-Galinović
Centre for Research and Knowledge Transfer in Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.
Dubravko
D
Forčić
D019943:Amino Acid Substitution; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D017523:Croatia / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D014644:Genetic Variation; D006031:Glycosylation; D015707:HN Protein / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D017720:Molecular Epidemiology; D010222:Parainfluenza Virus 1, Human / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D010750:Phosphoproteins / Q000235:genetics; D010802:Phylogeny; D010253:Respirovirus Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology*; D014760:Viral Fusion Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000235:genetics
D015707:HN Protein; D010750:Phosphoproteins; D014760:Viral Fusion Proteins; D014764:Viral Proteins; C068855:P protein, parainfluenza virus 1