Prediagnostic Plasma 25-Hydroxyvitamin D and Pancreatic Cancer Survival.
Although vitamin D inhibits pancreatic cancer proliferation in laboratory models, the association of plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] with patient survival is largely unexplored.



We analyzed survival among 493 patients from five prospective US cohorts who were diagnosed with pancreatic cancer from 1984 to 2008. We estimated hazard ratios (HRs) for death by plasma level of 25(OH)D (insufficient, < 20 ng/mL; relative insufficiency, 20 to < 30 ng/mL; sufficient ≥ 30 ng/mL) by using Cox proportional hazards regression models adjusted for age, cohort, race and ethnicity, smoking, diagnosis year, stage, and blood collection month. We also evaluated 30 tagging single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the vitamin D receptor gene, requiring P < .002 (0.05 divided by 30 genotyped variants) for statistical significance.



Mean prediagnostic plasma level of 25(OH)D was 24.6 ng/mL, and 165 patients (33%) were vitamin D insufficient. Compared with patients with insufficient levels, multivariable-adjusted HRs for death were 0.79 (95% CI, 0.48 to 1.29) for patients with relative insufficiency and 0.66 (95% CI, 0.49 to 0.90) for patients with sufficient levels (P trend = .01). These results were unchanged after further adjustment for body mass index and history of diabetes (P trend = .02). The association was strongest among patients with blood collected within 5 years of diagnosis, with an HR of 0.58 (95% CI, 0.35 to 0.98) comparing patients with sufficient to patients with insufficient 25(OH)D levels. No single-nucleotide polymorphism at the vitamin D receptor gene met our corrected significance threshold of P < .002; rs7299460 was most strongly associated with survival (HR per minor allele, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.68 to 0.95; P = .01).



We observed longer overall survival in patients with pancreatic cancer who had sufficient prediagnostic plasma levels of 25(OH)D.
Chen Yuan, Zhi Rong Qian, Ana Babic, Vicente Morales-Oyarvide, Douglas A. Rubinson, Kimmie Ng, Shuji Ogino, Charles S. Fuchs, and Brian M. Wolpin, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School; Peter Kraft, Edward L. Giovannucci, Shuji Ogino, Meir J. Stampfer, Howard D. Sesso, Julie E. Buring, and JoAnn E. Manson, Harvard School of Public Health; Ying Bao, Edward L. Giovannucci, Shuji Ogino, Meir J. Stampfer, John Michael Gaziano, Howard D. Sesso, JoAnn E. Manson, and Charles S. Fuchs, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School; John Michael Gaziano, Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA; Barbara B. Cochrane, University of Washington School of Nursing, Seattle, WA; Rowan T. Chlebowski, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-University of California, Los Angeles Medical Center, Torrance, CA; and Linda G. Snetselaar, University of Iowa College of Public Health, Iowa City, IA.
Chen
C
Yuan
Chen Yuan, Zhi Rong Qian, Ana Babic, Vicente Morales-Oyarvide, Douglas A. Rubinson, Kimmie Ng, Shuji Ogino, Charles S. Fuchs, and Brian M. Wolpin, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School; Peter Kraft, Edward L. Giovannucci, Shuji Ogino, Meir J. Stampfer, Howard D. Sesso, Julie E. Buring, and JoAnn E. Manson, Harvard School of Public Health; Ying Bao, Edward L. Giovannucci, Shuji Ogino, Meir J. Stampfer, John Michael Gaziano, Howard D. Sesso, JoAnn E. Manson, and Charles S. Fuchs, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School; John Michael Gaziano, Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA; Barbara B. Cochrane, University of Washington School of Nursing, Seattle, WA; Rowan T. Chlebowski, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-University of California, Los Angeles Medical Center, Torrance, CA; and Linda G. Snetselaar, University of Iowa College of Public Health, Iowa City, IA.
Zhi Rong
ZR
Qian
Chen Yuan, Zhi Rong Qian, Ana Babic, Vicente Morales-Oyarvide, Douglas A. Rubinson, Kimmie Ng, Shuji Ogino, Charles S. Fuchs, and Brian M. Wolpin, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School; Peter Kraft, Edward L. Giovannucci, Shuji Ogino, Meir J. Stampfer, Howard D. Sesso, Julie E. Buring, and JoAnn E. Manson, Harvard School of Public Health; Ying Bao, Edward L. Giovannucci, Shuji Ogino, Meir J. Stampfer, John Michael Gaziano, Howard D. Sesso, JoAnn E. Manson, and Charles S. Fuchs, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School; John Michael Gaziano, Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA; Barbara B. Cochrane, University of Washington School of Nursing, Seattle, WA; Rowan T. Chlebowski, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-University of California, Los Angeles Medical Center, Torrance, CA; and Linda G. Snetselaar, University of Iowa College of Public Health, Iowa City, IA.
Ana
A
Babic
Chen Yuan, Zhi Rong Qian, Ana Babic, Vicente Morales-Oyarvide, Douglas A. Rubinson, Kimmie Ng, Shuji Ogino, Charles S. Fuchs, and Brian M. Wolpin, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School; Peter Kraft, Edward L. Giovannucci, Shuji Ogino, Meir J. Stampfer, Howard D. Sesso, Julie E. Buring, and JoAnn E. Manson, Harvard School of Public Health; Ying Bao, Edward L. Giovannucci, Shuji Ogino, Meir J. Stampfer, John Michael Gaziano, Howard D. Sesso, JoAnn E. Manson, and Charles S. Fuchs, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School; John Michael Gaziano, Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA; Barbara B. Cochrane, University of Washington School of Nursing, Seattle, WA; Rowan T. Chlebowski, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-University of California, Los Angeles Medical Center, Torrance, CA; and Linda G. Snetselaar, University of Iowa College of Public Health, Iowa City, IA.
Vicente
V
Morales-Oyarvide
Chen Yuan, Zhi Rong Qian, Ana Babic, Vicente Morales-Oyarvide, Douglas A. Rubinson, Kimmie Ng, Shuji Ogino, Charles S. Fuchs, and Brian M. Wolpin, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School; Peter Kraft, Edward L. Giovannucci, Shuji Ogino, Meir J. Stampfer, Howard D. Sesso, Julie E. Buring, and JoAnn E. Manson, Harvard School of Public Health; Ying Bao, Edward L. Giovannucci, Shuji Ogino, Meir J. Stampfer, John Michael Gaziano, Howard D. Sesso, JoAnn E. Manson, and Charles S. Fuchs, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School; John Michael Gaziano, Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA; Barbara B. Cochrane, University of Washington School of Nursing, Seattle, WA; Rowan T. Chlebowski, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-University of California, Los Angeles Medical Center, Torrance, CA; and Linda G. Snetselaar, University of Iowa College of Public Health, Iowa City, IA.
Douglas A
DA
Rubinson
Chen Yuan, Zhi Rong Qian, Ana Babic, Vicente Morales-Oyarvide, Douglas A. Rubinson, Kimmie Ng, Shuji Ogino, Charles S. Fuchs, and Brian M. Wolpin, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School; Peter Kraft, Edward L. Giovannucci, Shuji Ogino, Meir J. Stampfer, Howard D. Sesso, Julie E. Buring, and JoAnn E. Manson, Harvard School of Public Health; Ying Bao, Edward L. Giovannucci, Shuji Ogino, Meir J. Stampfer, John Michael Gaziano, Howard D. Sesso, JoAnn E. Manson, and Charles S. Fuchs, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School; John Michael Gaziano, Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA; Barbara B. Cochrane, University of Washington School of Nursing, Seattle, WA; Rowan T. Chlebowski, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-University of California, Los Angeles Medical Center, Torrance, CA; and Linda G. Snetselaar, University of Iowa College of Public Health, Iowa City, IA.
Peter
P
Kraft
Chen Yuan, Zhi Rong Qian, Ana Babic, Vicente Morales-Oyarvide, Douglas A. Rubinson, Kimmie Ng, Shuji Ogino, Charles S. Fuchs, and Brian M. Wolpin, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School; Peter Kraft, Edward L. Giovannucci, Shuji Ogino, Meir J. Stampfer, Howard D. Sesso, Julie E. Buring, and JoAnn E. Manson, Harvard School of Public Health; Ying Bao, Edward L. Giovannucci, Shuji Ogino, Meir J. Stampfer, John Michael Gaziano, Howard D. Sesso, JoAnn E. Manson, and Charles S. Fuchs, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School; John Michael Gaziano, Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA; Barbara B. Cochrane, University of Washington School of Nursing, Seattle, WA; Rowan T. Chlebowski, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-University of California, Los Angeles Medical Center, Torrance, CA; and Linda G. Snetselaar, University of Iowa College of Public Health, Iowa City, IA.
Kimmie
K
Ng
Chen Yuan, Zhi Rong Qian, Ana Babic, Vicente Morales-Oyarvide, Douglas A. Rubinson, Kimmie Ng, Shuji Ogino, Charles S. Fuchs, and Brian M. Wolpin, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School; Peter Kraft, Edward L. Giovannucci, Shuji Ogino, Meir J. Stampfer, Howard D. Sesso, Julie E. Buring, and JoAnn E. Manson, Harvard School of Public Health; Ying Bao, Edward L. Giovannucci, Shuji Ogino, Meir J. Stampfer, John Michael Gaziano, Howard D. Sesso, JoAnn E. Manson, and Charles S. Fuchs, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School; John Michael Gaziano, Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA; Barbara B. Cochrane, University of Washington School of Nursing, Seattle, WA; Rowan T. Chlebowski, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-University of California, Los Angeles Medical Center, Torrance, CA; and Linda G. Snetselaar, University of Iowa College of Public Health, Iowa City, IA.
Ying
Y
Bao
Chen Yuan, Zhi Rong Qian, Ana Babic, Vicente Morales-Oyarvide, Douglas A. Rubinson, Kimmie Ng, Shuji Ogino, Charles S. Fuchs, and Brian M. Wolpin, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School; Peter Kraft, Edward L. Giovannucci, Shuji Ogino, Meir J. Stampfer, Howard D. Sesso, Julie E. Buring, and JoAnn E. Manson, Harvard School of Public Health; Ying Bao, Edward L. Giovannucci, Shuji Ogino, Meir J. Stampfer, John Michael Gaziano, Howard D. Sesso, JoAnn E. Manson, and Charles S. Fuchs, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School; John Michael Gaziano, Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA; Barbara B. Cochrane, University of Washington School of Nursing, Seattle, WA; Rowan T. Chlebowski, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-University of California, Los Angeles Medical Center, Torrance, CA; and Linda G. Snetselaar, University of Iowa College of Public Health, Iowa City, IA.
Edward L
EL
Giovannucci
Chen Yuan, Zhi Rong Qian, Ana Babic, Vicente Morales-Oyarvide, Douglas A. Rubinson, Kimmie Ng, Shuji Ogino, Charles S. Fuchs, and Brian M. Wolpin, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School; Peter Kraft, Edward L. Giovannucci, Shuji Ogino, Meir J. Stampfer, Howard D. Sesso, Julie E. Buring, and JoAnn E. Manson, Harvard School of Public Health; Ying Bao, Edward L. Giovannucci, Shuji Ogino, Meir J. Stampfer, John Michael Gaziano, Howard D. Sesso, JoAnn E. Manson, and Charles S. Fuchs, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School; John Michael Gaziano, Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA; Barbara B. Cochrane, University of Washington School of Nursing, Seattle, WA; Rowan T. Chlebowski, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-University of California, Los Angeles Medical Center, Torrance, CA; and Linda G. Snetselaar, University of Iowa College of Public Health, Iowa City, IA.
Shuji
S
Ogino
Chen Yuan, Zhi Rong Qian, Ana Babic, Vicente Morales-Oyarvide, Douglas A. Rubinson, Kimmie Ng, Shuji Ogino, Charles S. Fuchs, and Brian M. Wolpin, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School; Peter Kraft, Edward L. Giovannucci, Shuji Ogino, Meir J. Stampfer, Howard D. Sesso, Julie E. Buring, and JoAnn E. Manson, Harvard School of Public Health; Ying Bao, Edward L. Giovannucci, Shuji Ogino, Meir J. Stampfer, John Michael Gaziano, Howard D. Sesso, JoAnn E. Manson, and Charles S. Fuchs, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School; John Michael Gaziano, Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA; Barbara B. Cochrane, University of Washington School of Nursing, Seattle, WA; Rowan T. Chlebowski, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-University of California, Los Angeles Medical Center, Torrance, CA; and Linda G. Snetselaar, University of Iowa College of Public Health, Iowa City, IA.
Meir J
MJ
Stampfer
Chen Yuan, Zhi Rong Qian, Ana Babic, Vicente Morales-Oyarvide, Douglas A. Rubinson, Kimmie Ng, Shuji Ogino, Charles S. Fuchs, and Brian M. Wolpin, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School; Peter Kraft, Edward L. Giovannucci, Shuji Ogino, Meir J. Stampfer, Howard D. Sesso, Julie E. Buring, and JoAnn E. Manson, Harvard School of Public Health; Ying Bao, Edward L. Giovannucci, Shuji Ogino, Meir J. Stampfer, John Michael Gaziano, Howard D. Sesso, JoAnn E. Manson, and Charles S. Fuchs, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School; John Michael Gaziano, Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA; Barbara B. Cochrane, University of Washington School of Nursing, Seattle, WA; Rowan T. Chlebowski, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-University of California, Los Angeles Medical Center, Torrance, CA; and Linda G. Snetselaar, University of Iowa College of Public Health, Iowa City, IA.
John Michael
JM
Gaziano
Chen Yuan, Zhi Rong Qian, Ana Babic, Vicente Morales-Oyarvide, Douglas A. Rubinson, Kimmie Ng, Shuji Ogino, Charles S. Fuchs, and Brian M. Wolpin, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School; Peter Kraft, Edward L. Giovannucci, Shuji Ogino, Meir J. Stampfer, Howard D. Sesso, Julie E. Buring, and JoAnn E. Manson, Harvard School of Public Health; Ying Bao, Edward L. Giovannucci, Shuji Ogino, Meir J. Stampfer, John Michael Gaziano, Howard D. Sesso, JoAnn E. Manson, and Charles S. Fuchs, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School; John Michael Gaziano, Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA; Barbara B. Cochrane, University of Washington School of Nursing, Seattle, WA; Rowan T. Chlebowski, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-University of California, Los Angeles Medical Center, Torrance, CA; and Linda G. Snetselaar, University of Iowa College of Public Health, Iowa City, IA.
Howard D
HD
Sesso
Chen Yuan, Zhi Rong Qian, Ana Babic, Vicente Morales-Oyarvide, Douglas A. Rubinson, Kimmie Ng, Shuji Ogino, Charles S. Fuchs, and Brian M. Wolpin, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School; Peter Kraft, Edward L. Giovannucci, Shuji Ogino, Meir J. Stampfer, Howard D. Sesso, Julie E. Buring, and JoAnn E. Manson, Harvard School of Public Health; Ying Bao, Edward L. Giovannucci, Shuji Ogino, Meir J. Stampfer, John Michael Gaziano, Howard D. Sesso, JoAnn E. Manson, and Charles S. Fuchs, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School; John Michael Gaziano, Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA; Barbara B. Cochrane, University of Washington School of Nursing, Seattle, WA; Rowan T. Chlebowski, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-University of California, Los Angeles Medical Center, Torrance, CA; and Linda G. Snetselaar, University of Iowa College of Public Health, Iowa City, IA.
Julie E
JE
Buring
Chen Yuan, Zhi Rong Qian, Ana Babic, Vicente Morales-Oyarvide, Douglas A. Rubinson, Kimmie Ng, Shuji Ogino, Charles S. Fuchs, and Brian M. Wolpin, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School; Peter Kraft, Edward L. Giovannucci, Shuji Ogino, Meir J. Stampfer, Howard D. Sesso, Julie E. Buring, and JoAnn E. Manson, Harvard School of Public Health; Ying Bao, Edward L. Giovannucci, Shuji Ogino, Meir J. Stampfer, John Michael Gaziano, Howard D. Sesso, JoAnn E. Manson, and Charles S. Fuchs, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School; John Michael Gaziano, Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA; Barbara B. Cochrane, University of Washington School of Nursing, Seattle, WA; Rowan T. Chlebowski, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-University of California, Los Angeles Medical Center, Torrance, CA; and Linda G. Snetselaar, University of Iowa College of Public Health, Iowa City, IA.
Barbara B
BB
Cochrane
Chen Yuan, Zhi Rong Qian, Ana Babic, Vicente Morales-Oyarvide, Douglas A. Rubinson, Kimmie Ng, Shuji Ogino, Charles S. Fuchs, and Brian M. Wolpin, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School; Peter Kraft, Edward L. Giovannucci, Shuji Ogino, Meir J. Stampfer, Howard D. Sesso, Julie E. Buring, and JoAnn E. Manson, Harvard School of Public Health; Ying Bao, Edward L. Giovannucci, Shuji Ogino, Meir J. Stampfer, John Michael Gaziano, Howard D. Sesso, JoAnn E. Manson, and Charles S. Fuchs, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School; John Michael Gaziano, Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA; Barbara B. Cochrane, University of Washington School of Nursing, Seattle, WA; Rowan T. Chlebowski, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-University of California, Los Angeles Medical Center, Torrance, CA; and Linda G. Snetselaar, University of Iowa College of Public Health, Iowa City, IA.
Rowan T
RT
Chlebowski
Chen Yuan, Zhi Rong Qian, Ana Babic, Vicente Morales-Oyarvide, Douglas A. Rubinson, Kimmie Ng, Shuji Ogino, Charles S. Fuchs, and Brian M. Wolpin, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School; Peter Kraft, Edward L. Giovannucci, Shuji Ogino, Meir J. Stampfer, Howard D. Sesso, Julie E. Buring, and JoAnn E. Manson, Harvard School of Public Health; Ying Bao, Edward L. Giovannucci, Shuji Ogino, Meir J. Stampfer, John Michael Gaziano, Howard D. Sesso, JoAnn E. Manson, and Charles S. Fuchs, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School; John Michael Gaziano, Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA; Barbara B. Cochrane, University of Washington School of Nursing, Seattle, WA; Rowan T. Chlebowski, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-University of California, Los Angeles Medical Center, Torrance, CA; and Linda G. Snetselaar, University of Iowa College of Public Health, Iowa City, IA.
Linda G
LG
Snetselaar
Chen Yuan, Zhi Rong Qian, Ana Babic, Vicente Morales-Oyarvide, Douglas A. Rubinson, Kimmie Ng, Shuji Ogino, Charles S. Fuchs, and Brian M. Wolpin, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School; Peter Kraft, Edward L. Giovannucci, Shuji Ogino, Meir J. Stampfer, Howard D. Sesso, Julie E. Buring, and JoAnn E. Manson, Harvard School of Public Health; Ying Bao, Edward L. Giovannucci, Shuji Ogino, Meir J. Stampfer, John Michael Gaziano, Howard D. Sesso, JoAnn E. Manson, and Charles S. Fuchs, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School; John Michael Gaziano, Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA; Barbara B. Cochrane, University of Washington School of Nursing, Seattle, WA; Rowan T. Chlebowski, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-University of California, Los Angeles Medical Center, Torrance, CA; and Linda G. Snetselaar, University of Iowa College of Public Health, Iowa City, IA.
JoAnn E
JE
Manson
Chen Yuan, Zhi Rong Qian, Ana Babic, Vicente Morales-Oyarvide, Douglas A. Rubinson, Kimmie Ng, Shuji Ogino, Charles S. Fuchs, and Brian M. Wolpin, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School; Peter Kraft, Edward L. Giovannucci, Shuji Ogino, Meir J. Stampfer, Howard D. Sesso, Julie E. Buring, and JoAnn E. Manson, Harvard School of Public Health; Ying Bao, Edward L. Giovannucci, Shuji Ogino, Meir J. Stampfer, John Michael Gaziano, Howard D. Sesso, JoAnn E. Manson, and Charles S. Fuchs, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School; John Michael Gaziano, Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA; Barbara B. Cochrane, University of Washington School of Nursing, Seattle, WA; Rowan T. Chlebowski, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-University of California, Los Angeles Medical Center, Torrance, CA; and Linda G. Snetselaar, University of Iowa College of Public Health, Iowa City, IA.
Charles S
CS
Fuchs
Chen Yuan, Zhi Rong Qian, Ana Babic, Vicente Morales-Oyarvide, Douglas A. Rubinson, Kimmie Ng, Shuji Ogino, Charles S. Fuchs, and Brian M. Wolpin, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School; Peter Kraft, Edward L. Giovannucci, Shuji Ogino, Meir J. Stampfer, Howard D. Sesso, Julie E. Buring, and JoAnn E. Manson, Harvard School of Public Health; Ying Bao, Edward L. Giovannucci, Shuji Ogino, Meir J. Stampfer, John Michael Gaziano, Howard D. Sesso, JoAnn E. Manson, and Charles S. Fuchs, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School; John Michael Gaziano, Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA; Barbara B. Cochrane, University of Washington School of Nursing, Seattle, WA; Rowan T. Chlebowski, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-University of California, Los Angeles Medical Center, Torrance, CA; and Linda G. Snetselaar, University of Iowa College of Public Health, Iowa City, IA. bwolpin@partners.org.
Brian M
BM
Wolpin
D000368:Aged; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000097:blood; D021441:Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal / Q000097:blood / Q000401:mortality; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000097:blood* / Q000401:mortality*; D011379:Prognosis; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011446:Prospective Studies; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000097:blood
D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D014807:Vitamin D; C104450:25-hydroxyvitamin D