Vitamins for enhancing plant resistance.
This paper provides an overview on vitamins with inducing activities in plants, the molecular and cellular mechanisms implicated, and the hormonal signalling-network regulating this process. Moreover, it reports how vitamins might be part of the molecular events linked to induced resistance by the conventional elicitors. Induced resistance (IR), exploiting the plant innate-defense system is a sustainable strategy for plant disease control. In the last decade, vitamins have been proven to act as inducers of disease resistance, and these findings have received an important attention owing to their safety and cost effectiveness. Vitamins, including thiamine (TH, vitamin B1), riboflavin (RF, vitamin B2), menadione sodium bisulfite (MSB, vitamin K3), Para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA, vitamin Bx), and folic acid (FA, vitamin B9) provided an efficient protection against a wide range of pathogens through the modulation of specific host-defense facets. However, other vitamins, such as ascorbic acid (AA, vitamin C) and tocopherols (vitamin E), have been shown to be a part of the molecular mechanisms associated to IR. The present review is the first to summarize what vitamins are acting as inducers of disease resistance in plants and how could they be modulated by the conventional elicitors. Thus, this report provides an overview on the protective abilities of vitamins and the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying their activities. Moreover, it describes the hormonal-signalling network regulating vitamin-signal transduction during IR. Finally, a biochemical model describing how vitamins are involved in the establishment of IR process is discussed.
Laboratory of Leguminous, Centre of Biotechnology of Borj-Cédria, 2050, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia. hatem.boubakri@cbbc.rnrt.tn.
Hatem
H
Boubakri
Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA.|Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Centre of Biotechnology of Borj-Cédria, 2050, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia.
Mahmoud
M
Gargouri
Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Centre of Biotechnology of Borj-Cédria, 2050, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia.
Ahmed
A
Mliki
Laboratory of Biotechnology and Plant Improvement, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax, Route Sidi-Mansour, BP.1177, 3018, Sfax, Tunisia.
Faiçal
F
Brini
Laboratoire Vigne, Biotechnologies et Environnement (LVBE, EA3991), Université de Haute Alsace, 33 rue de Herrlisheim, 68000, Colmar, France.
Julie
J
Chong
Laboratory of Leguminous, Centre of Biotechnology of Borj-Cédria, 2050, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia.
Moez
M
Jbara
D010937:Plant Growth Regulators / Q000378:metabolism; D057865:Plant Immunity; D014815:Vitamins / Q000502:physiology*
D010937:Plant Growth Regulators; D014815:Vitamins
Elicitors; Hormones; Induced resistance; Pathogens; Plants; Signalling pathways; Vitamins