Growth inhibition and oxidative stress induced by 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide on the marine diatom Skeletonema costatum.
Marine diatom Skeletonema costatum is an important prey in the marine food web and is often used as a standard test organism in ecotoxicological studies. In this study, in vivo experiments were performed to analyze the effects of 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide ([C8mim]Br) on the growth, photosynthetic activity, and oxidative stress in S. costatum using 96h growth tests with a batch-culture system. The growth of S. costatum was significantly inhibited by [C8mim]Br with 48 and 96h-EC50 of 17.9 and 39.9mgL(-1), respectively. The maximum quantum yield (Fv/Fm) and the light use efficiency (α) were inhibited by [C8mim]Br, which affected the growth of S. costatum. Subsequent biochemical assays in S. costatum revealed that [C8mim]Br induced changes of Chl a content, soluble protein content, and SOD activity, which had significant increases in low [C8mim]Br treatments (≤20mgL(-1)), but decreased in high [C8mim]Br exposures (≥40mgL(-1)). The increase of SOD activity at low concentrations (≤20mgL(-1)) may be considered as an active defense of S. costatum against [C8mim]Br stress by reactive oxygen species (ROS) quenching. In addition, [C8mim]Br increased ROS level and malondialdehyde (MDA) content in S. costatum, suggesting that the physiological effects of [C8mim]Br are resulted from ROS generation.
College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212003, China. Electronic address: dengxy2009@126.com.
Xiang-Yuan
XY
Deng
College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212003, China.
Xiao-Li
XL
Hu
College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212003, China.
Jie
J
Cheng
College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212003, China.
Zhi-Xin
ZX
Ma
College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212003, China.
Kun
K
Gao
D002734:Chlorophyll / Q000378:metabolism; D000077194:Chlorophyll A; D017377:Diatoms / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000633:toxicity*; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D010788:Photosynthesis / Q000187:drug effects; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000633:toxicity*
C528768:1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium; D007093:Imidazoles; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D002734:Chlorophyll; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D000077194:Chlorophyll A
1-Octyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide; Antioxidant enzymes; Ionic liquid; Photosynthetic activity; Skeletonema costatum