Impact of Type 2 Diabetes on Impaired Kidney Function in Sub-Saharan African Populations.
BACKGROUND
Diabetes is a leading risk factor for impaired kidney function, an indicator of chronic kidney disease. The aim of this study was to examine the association between type 2 diabetes (T2D) and impaired kidney function among adults in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA).


METHODS
Participants were enrolled from Ghana, Kenya, and Nigeria. Impaired kidney function was based on an estimated glomerular filtration rate <60 ml/min/1.73 m(2). Using logistic regression models, we conducted case-control analyses to estimate the multivariate-adjusted association of T2D and kidney function.


RESULTS
We used data from 4815 participants for whom the mean (SD) age was 48 (15) years, 41% were male and 46% had T2D. Those with T2D were more likely to have impaired kidney function [13.4% (95% CI: 11.9-14.7)] compared to those without T2D [4.8% (95% CI: 4.0-5.6)], p-value <0.001. The multivariate odds ratio of impaired kidney function among those with type 2 diabetes was 1.50 (95% CI: 1.17-1.91) p-value = 0.001, compared to those without T2D. Also, individuals with T2D who were at least 60 years old, obese, hypertensive or dyslipidemic were more likely to have impaired kidney function compared to those without T2D.


CONCLUSIONS
T2D was associated with 50% increased risk of impaired kidney function in this sample of adults from SSA. Interventions targeted at prevention, early diagnosis, and management of T2D are likely to reduce the burden of kidney disease in SSA.
Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD , USA.
Sally N
SN
Adebamowo
Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD , USA.
Adebowale A
AA
Adeyemo
Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD , USA.
Fasil
F
Tekola-Ayele
Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD , USA.
Ayo P
AP
Doumatey
Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD , USA.
Amy R
AR
Bentley
Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD , USA.
Guanjie
G
Chen
Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD , USA.
Jie
J
Zhou
Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD , USA.
Daniel
D
Shriner
University of Lagos , Lagos , Nigeria.
Olufemi Adetola
OA
Fasanmade
University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital , Enugu , Nigeria.
Godfrey
G
Okafor
Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology , Kumasi , Ghana.
Benjamin
B
Eghan
Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology , Kumasi , Ghana.
Kofi
K
Agyenim-Boateng
University of Ibadan , Ibadan , Nigeria.
Jokotade
J
Adeleye
University of Ibadan , Ibadan , Nigeria.
Williams
W
Balogun
University of Ghana Medical School , Accra , Ghana.
Albert G
AG
Amoah
University of Ghana Medical School , Accra , Ghana.
Samuel
S
Owusu
Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology , Kumasi , Ghana.
Joseph
J
Acheampong
University of Lagos , Lagos , Nigeria.
Thomas
T
Johnson
University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital , Enugu , Nigeria.
Johnnie
J
Oli
Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Greenbaum Cancer Center, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine , Baltimore, MD , USA.
Clement A
CA
Adebamowo
Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD , USA.
Charles N
CN
Rotimi
diabetic kidney disease; impaired kidney function; kidney disease; sub-Saharan Africa; type 2 diabetes