Association between the C34T polymorphism of the AMPD1 gene and essential hypertension in Malaysian patients.
The aim of this study was to determine whether C34T, a common polymorphism of the adenosine monophosphate deaminase 1 gene (AMPD1), is associated with essential hypertension (EH). We hypothesize that C34T is associated with the development of EH. A case-control design was used for this study. The DNA was extracted using a commercial kit from the whole blood of 200 patients with hypertension and 200 subjects without hypertension from selected Malaysian ethnicities (Malays, Chinese, and Indians). Polymerase chain reaction followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) and agarose gel electrophoresis were used for genotyping. The C34T gene polymorphism of AMPD1 was significantly associated with EH in the Malaysian subjects (P < 0.0001). The genotype frequencies of CC, CT, and TT were 6%, 79%, and 15%, respectively, among hypertensive subjects, while no TT genotypes were observed in the normotensive subjects. Further, the frequency of hypertension was higher among T allele carriers than C carriers (OD = 9.94; 95%CI = 6.851-14.434). There were significant differences in the systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and pulse pressure (P ˂ 0.05) between the normotensive and hypertensive Malaysian subjects; we believe those difference were caused by the C34T polymorphism. For the first time in Malaysia, the current study provides evidence that a common polymorphism of the AMPD1 gene (C34T) is strongly associated with EH.
Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Heath Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.|School of Applied Sciences and Institute for Applied Ecology New Zealand, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand.
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Nemati
School of Applied Sciences and Institute for Applied Ecology New Zealand, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand.|School of Interprofessional Health Studies, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand.|Institute of Biomedical Technology, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand.
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Lu
Malaysian Research Institute of Aging, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Ramachandran
Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Heath Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Etemad
Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical and Health Sciences, Poursina Avenue, Keshavarz Boulevard, Tehran, Iran.
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Heidari
Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Heath Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Yahya
Department of Tissue Engineering, Tehran University of Medical Science & Stem cell Preparation Unit, Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran, Iran.
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Roozafzoon
Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Heath Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Ismail
D000659:AMP Deaminase / Q000235:genetics*; D000368:Aged; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D006579:Heterozygote; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000235:genetics*; D008296:Malaysia; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
D000659:AMP Deaminase; C514117:AMPD1 protein, human