Next generation sequencing technology and genomewide data analysis: Perspectives for retinal research.
The advent of high throughput next generation sequencing (NGS) has accelerated the pace of discovery of disease-associated genetic variants and genomewide profiling of expressed sequences and epigenetic marks, thereby permitting systems-based analyses of ocular development and disease. Rapid evolution of NGS and associated methodologies presents significant challenges in acquisition, management, and analysis of large data sets and for extracting biologically or clinically relevant information. Here we illustrate the basic design of commonly used NGS-based methods, specifically whole exome sequencing, transcriptome, and epigenome profiling, and provide recommendations for data analyses. We briefly discuss systems biology approaches for integrating multiple data sets to elucidate gene regulatory or disease networks. While we provide examples from the retina, the NGS guidelines reviewed here are applicable to other tissues/cell types as well.
Neurobiology-Neurodegeneration & Repair Laboratory, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, 6 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892-0610, USA.
Vijender
V
Chaitankar
Neurobiology-Neurodegeneration & Repair Laboratory, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, 6 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892-0610, USA.
Gökhan
G
Karakülah
Neurobiology-Neurodegeneration & Repair Laboratory, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, 6 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892-0610, USA.
Rinki
R
Ratnapriya
Neurobiology-Neurodegeneration & Repair Laboratory, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, 6 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892-0610, USA.
Felipe O
FO
Giuste
Neurobiology-Neurodegeneration & Repair Laboratory, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, 6 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892-0610, USA.
Matthew J
MJ
Brooks
Neurobiology-Neurodegeneration & Repair Laboratory, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, 6 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892-0610, USA. Electronic address: swaroopa@nei.nih.gov.
Anand
A
Swaroop
D019295:Computational Biology / Q000379:methods*; D055106:Genome-Wide Association Study; D023281:Genomics / Q000379:methods*; D059014:High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D012164:Retinal Diseases / Q000235:genetics*
ChIP-seq; Chromatin; Epigenetics; Gene regulatory network; Genomics; High throughput data; NGS data integration; Network analysis; Photoreceptor; RNA-Seq; Retina; Retinal disease; Systems biology; Transcriptome; Vision; Whole exome sequencing; Whole genome sequencing