Effects of various LED light spectra on antioxidant and immune response in juvenile rock bream, Oplegnathus fasciatus exposed to bisphenol A.
Bisphenol A (BPA) is a monomer used in plastics and plasticizers. As an environmental toxin included in industrial wastewater, it contaminates the aquatic environment and is known to cause endocrine disruption in fish. Particular wavelengths of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are known to affect the endocrine regulation of fish. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of green and red LED light on the antioxidant and immune systems in juvenile rock bream (Oplegnathus fasciatus) exposed to BPA. We used green and red LED exposure at two intensities (0.3 and 0.5W/m(2)) for 1, 3, and 5 days. We measured liver mRNA expression and plasma levels of antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD) and caspase-3. Furthermore, we measured plasma levels of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), lipid peroxidation (LPO), melatonin, and immunoglobulin M (IgM). DNA damage and apoptotic activity were measured using comet and terminal transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assays, respectively. We found that SOD, H2O2, and LPO increased significantly, whereas melatonin and IgM decreased significantly, suggesting that BPA induces oxidative stress and reduces immune function. Likewise, both DNA damage and apoptotic activity increased following BPA exposure. However, we found that exposure to green LED light effectively reduced the detrimental effects induced by BPA, including decreasing DNA damage, apoptotic activity, SOD mRNA expression, and plasma levels of SOD, H2O2, and LPO. Likewise, the plasma levels of melatonin and IgM increased. Thus, our results indicate that green light conditions effectively reduces oxidative stress and promotes the immune function in juvenile rock bream.
Division of Marine BioScience, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, Busan 49112, Republic of Korea.
Ji Yong
JY
Choi
Division of Marine BioScience, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, Busan 49112, Republic of Korea.
Tae Hwan
TH
Kim
Division of Marine BioScience, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, Busan 49112, Republic of Korea.
Young Jae
YJ
Choi
Division of Marine BioScience, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, Busan 49112, Republic of Korea.
Na Na
NN
Kim
Marine Ecosystem and Biological Research Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Ansan 15627, Republic of Korea.
Sung-Yong
SY
Oh
Division of Marine BioScience, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, Busan 49112, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: choic@kmou.ac.kr.
Cheol Young
CY
Choi
D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds / Q000633:toxicity*; D053148:Caspase 3 / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics; D004249:DNA Damage / Q000528:radiation effects; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000097:blood; D007075:Immunoglobulin M / Q000097:blood; D008027:Light; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism; D008550:Melatonin / Q000097:blood; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000528:radiation effects*; D010473:Perciformes / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology; D010636:Phenols / Q000633:toxicity*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds
D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds; D053148:Caspase 3; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D007075:Immunoglobulin M; D008550:Melatonin; D010636:Phenols; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; C006780:bisphenol A; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds
Bisphenol A; Immune function; Light-emitting diodes; Oxidative stress; Rock bream