Follow-up of patients with ECL cell-derived tumours.
OBJECTIVE
To review the presentation, treatment and outcome of patients with type 1 gastric carcinoid tumours.


METHODS
We retrospectively reviewed medical records and re-evaluated histopathological specimens of 26 patients with type 1 gastric carcinoids treated at a single tertiary referral centre from 1993 to 2013, with median time of follow-up 52.5 months (IQR 90.8).


RESULTS
Seven patients (27%) had single tumours and 19 patients (73%) multiple tumours at the time of diagnosis. The median number of tumours and median diameter of largest tumour were 2.5 (IQR 3.2) and 6.0 mm (IQR 9.5) respectively. Median serum gastrin was 321.0 pmol/l (IQR 604.0) and median serum chromogranin A 7.7 nmol/l (IQR 5.3). Three patients had metastatic disease at the time of diagnosis and two developed metastases during follow-up. Patients with metastatic disease had larger primary tumours than the others (20.0 mm (IQR 28.5) vs. 5.0 mm (IQR 5.5), p = 0.04). There was a positive correlation between age and tumour size (r = 0.44, p = 0.03) and between serum chromogranin A and serum gastrin at diagnosis (r = 0.76, p = 0.001). Patients were either treated with surgery (n = 8 (31%)), a long-acting somatostatin analogue and/or gastrin receptor antagonist (n = 10 (39%)) for a period of time, or were observed without treatment (n = 8 (31%) with close endoscopic follow up.


CONCLUSIONS
Although gastric carcinoids have an overall good prognosis, a significant proportion develops metastatic disease. As partial and total gastrectomy is associated with major side effects, treatment with long-acting a somatostatin analogue or gastrin antagonist should be considered.
a Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology , St Olav's Hospital , Trondheim , Norway ;|b Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine , Norwegian University of Science and Technology , Trondheim , Norway ;
Liv
L
Sagatun
a Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology , St Olav's Hospital , Trondheim , Norway ;|b Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine , Norwegian University of Science and Technology , Trondheim , Norway ;
Reidar
R
Fossmark
a Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology , St Olav's Hospital , Trondheim , Norway ;
Constantin S
CS
Jianu
a Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology , St Olav's Hospital , Trondheim , Norway ;|b Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine , Norwegian University of Science and Technology , Trondheim , Norway ;
Gunnar
G
Qvigstad
c Department of Pathology and Medical Genetics , St Olav's Hospital , Trondheim , Norway ;|d Department of Laboratory Medicine, Children and Woman Health , NTNU , Trondheim , Norway.
Ivar S
IS
Nordrum
b Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine , Norwegian University of Science and Technology , Trondheim , Norway ;|c Department of Pathology and Medical Genetics , St Olav's Hospital , Trondheim , Norway ;
Patricia
P
Mjønes
a Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology , St Olav's Hospital , Trondheim , Norway ;|b Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine , Norwegian University of Science and Technology , Trondheim , Norway ;
Helge L
HL
Waldum
D000368:Aged; D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002276:Carcinoid Tumor / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy*; D053379:Chromogranin A / Q000097:blood; D015897:Comorbidity; D019861:Enterochromaffin-like Cells / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005743:Gastrectomy; D005753:Gastric Mucosa / Q000473:pathology; D005755:Gastrins / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D009664:Norway; D015282:Octreotide / Q000627:therapeutic use; D043887:Receptor, Cholecystokinin B / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013004:Somatostatin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy*; D062606:Tertiary Care Centers; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D016896:Treatment Outcome
D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal; D053379:Chromogranin A; D005755:Gastrins; D043887:Receptor, Cholecystokinin B; D013004:Somatostatin; D015282:Octreotide
ECL cell; gastric carcinoids; gastrin; somatostatin analogues