The brain imaging data structure, a format for organizing and describing outputs of neuroimaging experiments.
The development of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques has defined modern neuroimaging. Since its inception, tens of thousands of studies using techniques such as functional MRI and diffusion weighted imaging have allowed for the non-invasive study of the brain. Despite the fact that MRI is routinely used to obtain data for neuroscience research, there has been no widely adopted standard for organizing and describing the data collected in an imaging experiment. This renders sharing and reusing data (within or between labs) difficult if not impossible and unnecessarily complicates the application of automatic pipelines and quality assurance protocols. To solve this problem, we have developed the Brain Imaging Data Structure (BIDS), a standard for organizing and describing MRI datasets. The BIDS standard uses file formats compatible with existing software, unifies the majority of practices already common in the field, and captures the metadata necessary for most common data processing operations.
Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA.
Krzysztof J
KJ
Gorgolewski
MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, Cambridge CB2 7EF, UK.
Tibor
T
Auer
The Mind Research Network, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USA.|Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87106, USA.
Vince D
VD
Calhoun
Computational Neuroimaging Lab, Center for Biomedical Imaging and Neuromodulation, Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, New York 10962, USA.|Center for the Developing Brain, Child Mind Institute, New York, New York 10022, USA.
R Cameron
RC
Craddock
McGill Centre for Integrative Neuroscience, Ludmer Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 2B4.
Samir
S
Das
FMRIB Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK.
Eugene P
EP
Duff
Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, University College London WC1N 3BG, UK.
Guillaume
G
Flandin
McGovern Institute for Brain Research, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.|Department of Otology and Laryngology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA.
Satrajit S
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5312-6729
SS
Ghosh
McGill Centre for Integrative Neuroscience, Ludmer Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 2B4.|Université de Lyon, CREATIS; CNRS UMR5220; Inserm U1044; INSA-Lyon; Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne 69100, France.
Tristan
T
Glatard
Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, USA.
Yaroslav O
YO
Halchenko
Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20814, USA.
Daniel A
DA
Handwerker
Department of Psychology, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg 39016, Germany.|Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Magdeburg 39118, Germany.
Michael
http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6398-6370
M
Hanke
Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California, California, Irvine 92697, USA.
David
D
Keator
Center for Cognitive and Behavioral Brain Imaging, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA.
Xiangrui
X
Li
Squishymedia, Portland, Oregon 97232, USA.
Zachary
Z
Michael
WMG, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK.
Camille
C
Maumet
Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA.|Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94304, USA.
B Nolan
BN
Nichols
WMG, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK.|Department of Statistics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK.
Thomas E
TE
Nichols
Center for the Developing Brain, Child Mind Institute, New York, New York 10022, USA.
John
J
Pellman
Henry Wheeler Jr. Brain Imaging Center, Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.
Jean-Baptiste
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9794-749X
JB
Poline
The University of Washington eScience Institute, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA.
Ariel
A
Rokem
Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA.|Flywheel Exchange, LLC, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55405, USA.
Gunnar
G
Schaefer
Program in Biomedical Informatics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA.
Vanessa
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4387-3819
V
Sochat
Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA.
William
W
Triplett
The Mind Research Network, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USA.|Department of Psychology &the Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30302, USA.
Jessica A
JA
Turner
Parietal team, INRIA Saclay, Palaiseau 91120, FR.
Gaël
G
Varoquaux
Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA.
Russell A
RA
Poldrack
D003625:Data Collection / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards; D066264:Datasets as Topic / Q000592:standards; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D059906:Neuroimaging