Acute and subacute toxicity of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon 1-methylnaphthalene to the shallow-water coral Porites divaricata: Application of a novel exposure protocol.
Previous research evaluating hydrocarbon toxicity to corals and coral reefs has generally focused on community-level effects, and results often are not comparable between studies because of variability in hydrocarbon exposure characterization and evaluation of coral health and mortality during exposure. Toxicity of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon 1-methylnaphthalene to the coral Porites divaricata was assessed in a constant exposure toxicity test utilizing a novel toxicity testing protocol uniquely applicable to shallow-water corals, which considered multiple assessment metrics and evaluated the potential for post-exposure mortality and/or recovery. Acute and subacute effects (gross morphological changes, photosynthetic efficiency, mortality, and histologic cellular changes) were evaluated during pre-exposure (4 wk), exposure (48 h), and post-exposure recovery (4 wk) periods. Coral condition scores were used to determine a 48-h median effective concentration of 7442 μg/L. Significant physical and histological changes resulted from exposure to 640 μg/L and 5427 μg/L 1-methylnaphthalene, with a 1-d to 3-d delay in photosynthetic efficiency effects (ΔF/Fm). Pigmented granular amoebocyte area was found to be a potentially useful sublethal endpoint for this species. Coral mortality was used to estimate a 48-h median lethal concentration of 12 123 μg/L. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:212-219. © 2016 SETAC.
Halmos College of Natural Sciences and Oceanography, Nova Southeastern University, Dania, Florida, USA.
D Abigail
DA
Renegar
Halmos College of Natural Sciences and Oceanography, Nova Southeastern University, Dania, Florida, USA.
Nicholas R
NR
Turner
Halmos College of Natural Sciences and Oceanography, Nova Southeastern University, Dania, Florida, USA.
Bernhard M
BM
Riegl
Halmos College of Natural Sciences and Oceanography, Nova Southeastern University, Dania, Florida, USA.
Richard E
RE
Dodge
Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA.
Anthony H
AH
Knap
Halmos College of Natural Sciences and Oceanography, Nova Southeastern University, Dania, Florida, USA.|Clean Caribbean and Americas, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, USA.
Paul A
PA
Schuler
D000818:Animals; D037421:Anthozoa / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D057894:Coral Reefs; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D004867:Equipment Design; D007928:Lethal Dose 50; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D009281:Naphthalenes / Q000633:toxicity*; D010788:Photosynthesis / Q000187:drug effects; D023382:Toxicity Tests, Acute; D059551:Toxicity Tests, Subacute; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000633:toxicity*
D009281:Naphthalenes; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C025968:1-methylnaphthalene
1-methylnaphthalene; Corals; Marine toxicity tests; Passive dosing; Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)