Immunomodulatory Effect of Cytokines in the Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells: A Review.
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are stromal origin cells with multilineage differentiation capacity. The immunoregulatory properties of MSCs can be interfered effectively by cytokines. Cytokines, produced by a broad range of cells, act at the systemic level to influence biological phenomena such as inflammation, wound healing, organogenesis and oncogenesis. Cytokines also play vital roles in the differentiation of MSCs into several cell lineages. This review summarizes on how cytokines can affect MSCs differentiation and their relative signaling pathways, which may serve to understand the possible underlying mechanisms. Also, this review reveals the potential clinical use of MSCs as promising therapeutic agents due to their special characteristics such as multipotent differentiation, immunomodulatory properties, and selfrestoration.
School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia.
Wafa
W
Zahari
Siti Nurnasihah Md
SN
Hashim
Muhammad Fuad Hilmi
MF
Yusof
Zul Faizuddin
ZF
Osman
Thirumulu Ponnuraj
TP
Kannan
Khairani Idah
KI
Mokhtar
Azlina
A
Ahmad
School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, 16150, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.
Khairul Bariah Ahmad Amin
KB
Noordin
D050156:Adipogenesis / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D000818:Animals; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D019070:Cell Lineage / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D020219:Chondrogenesis / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D015870:Gene Expression; D006801:Humans; D056747:Immunomodulation; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000276:immunology; D009805:Odontogenesis / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D015398:Signal Transduction
D016207:Cytokines
Adipogenesis; chondrogenesis; immunomodulatory cytokines; mesenchymal stem cells; odontogenesis; osteogenesis.