Diverse impacts of a step and repeated BDE209-Pb exposures on accumulation and metabolism of BDE209 in earthworms.
Decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE209) and lead (Pb) are the two common contaminants at e-waste recycling sites (EWRSs). A laboratory incubation study was conducted to explore the impacts of a step and repeated BDE209-Pb exposures on accumulation and metabolism of BDE209 in earthworms Eisenia fetida for the first time. The results indicated that BDE209 concentrations in repetitively-polluted soils were clearly higher. And the existence of high-level Pb could promote the bioaccumulation of BDE209 in earthworms along the exposure time. The post-clitellum contents of BDE209 were more than the pre-clitellum during the entire incubation. Additionally, GC/MS analysis results demonstrated that BDE206, BDE208, BDE153, BDE99, BDE47 and BDE28 could be detected in Eisenia fetida throughout 28-d experiment, and BDE206 and BDE208 were predominant metabolic products. A step exposure decreased the capability to metabolize BDE209 in the presence of Pb. Average bioaccumulation factor (BAF) for a step treatment was 0.525, as well as it was more than 1.1 times that of repeated exposure (BAF = 0.48). SEM observations suggested that a step exposure mode aggravated the damage in earthworms than repeated exposure. The results and related findings will establish a useful scientific basis for soil ecological risk assessment at EWRSs.
State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, Shanghai, 200237, China; School of Resource and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China.
Wei
W
Zhang
State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, Shanghai, 200237, China; School of Resource and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China.
Jun
J
Liang
State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, Shanghai, 200237, China; School of Resource and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China.
Jing
J
Li
State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, Shanghai, 200237, China; School of Resource and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China.
Kuangfei
K
Lin
Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai, 200233, China. Electronic address: rongermmfu@163.com.
Rongbing
R
Fu
D000818:Animals; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D055768:Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*; D007854:Lead / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*; D009835:Oligochaeta / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism*; D059027:Recycling; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry*; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*
D055768:Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers; D012987:Soil; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D007854:Lead; C010902:decabromobiphenyl ether
A step and repeated exposures; BDE209; Bioaccumulation and metabolism; Eisenia fetida; Exposure mode