Daytime sleepiness is associated with hyperhomocysteinemia in rural area of China: A cross-sectional study.
OBJECTIVE
To ascertain whether sleep abnormalities including daytime sleepiness, snoring, apnea, sleep disruption and sleep duration abnormity are significantly associated with hyperhomocysteinemia (Hhcy).


METHODS
A total of 5992 participants were involved in the cross-sectional study. Sleep abnormalities were evaluated by a structured questionnaire. Hhcy was defined as plasma levels of homocysteine ≥15μm/L.


RESULTS
After adjustment for age, gender, education, current smoking status and current drinking status, daytime sleepiness (OR, 1.597; 95%CI, 1.210-2.110, P=0.001), sleep duration <6h (OR, 1.273; 95%CI, 1.063-1.524, P=0.009) and sleep duration >8h (OR, 1.205; 95%CI, 1.065-1.364, P=0.003) were significantly associated with Hhcy. While snoring (OR, 1.065; 95%CI, 0.950-1.195, P=0.279), apnea (OR, 1.170; 95%CI, 0.924-1.482, P=0.193), and sleep disruption (OR, 1.065; 95%CI, 0.852-1.331, P=0.580) were not. After further adjustment for body mass index, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglyceride, total cholesterol, physical activity, diabetes, coronary heart disease, stroke, depression, glomerular filtration rate, hypertension and hyperuricemia, still the increased OR could be found in the daytime sleepiness group (OR, 1.569; 95%CI, 1.145-2.150, P=0.005). However, sleep duration <6h (OR, 1.067; 95%CI, 0.788-1.445, P=0.676) and sleep duration >8h groups (OR, 1.080; 95%CI, 0.883-1.320, P=0.453) were no longer significantly associated with Hhcy.


CONCLUSIONS
Daytime sleepiness, but not sleep duration abnormity, snoring, apnea and sleep disruption was an independent risk factor for Hhcy.
Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, PR China. Electronic address: 1640917750@qq.com.
Naijin
N
Zhang
Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, PR China. Electronic address: 535883890@qq.com.
Shuang
S
Chen
Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, PR China. Electronic address: 905058009@qq.com.
Yintao
Y
Chen
Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, PR China. Electronic address: 348061760@qq.com.
Xiaofan
X
Guo
Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, PR China. Electronic address: gzhsun66@163.com.
Guozhe
G
Sun
Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, PR China. Electronic address: qianhaocmu@126.com.
Hao
H
Qian
Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, PR China. Electronic address: yxsun@mail.cmu.edu.cn.
Yingxian
Y
Sun
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001049:Apnea / Q000453:epidemiology; D002681:China; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000150:complications*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D006970:Disorders of Excessive Somnolence / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006710:Homocysteine / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D020138:Hyperhomocysteinemia / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D012890:Sleep; D012913:Snoring / Q000453:epidemiology; D020521:Stroke / Q000150:complications*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
D006710:Homocysteine
Cardiovascular diseases; Hyperhomocysteinemia; Sleep abnormalities; Stroke