[Advances in the Immunogenic Design of HIV-1 Vaccine].
A safe and effective vaccine against the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is expected to have a considerable impact on elimination of acquired immune deficiency syndrome. Despite decades of effort, an effective vaccine against HIV-1 remains elusive. In recent years, the Thai HIV Vaccine Efficacy Trial (known as RV144) showed a reduction in HIV-1 acquisition by 31%, but this agent could not delay disease progression in vaccinated individuals. Clinical analyses of experimental data and experiments in vitro have revealed two main types of immunogen design: induction of broad-spectrum neutralizing antibody (bNAb) and cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses. bNAb can prevent or reduce acquisition of infection, and its main immunogens are virus-like particles, natural envelope trimers and stable bNAb epitopes. An effective CTL response can slow-down viral infection, and its main immunogens are "mosaic" vaccines, "conserved immunogens", and the "fitness landscape" of HIV-1 proteins. This review summarizes the strategies as well as progress in the design and testing of HIV-1 immunogens to elicit bNAb and CTL responses.
Xiaohong
X
Zhang
Tao
T
Wang
Xiaofang
X
Yu
D016915:AIDS Vaccines / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D000818:Animals; D015195:Drug Design; D015483:HIV Antibodies / Q000276:immunology; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000276:immunology* / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000821:virology; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans
D016915:AIDS Vaccines; D015483:HIV Antibodies