Combinations of distinct long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid species for improved dietary treatment against allergic bronchial asthma.
Allergic bronchial asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways with an increasing incidence in Western societies. Exposure to allergens provokes recurrent attacks of breathlessness, airway hyperreactivity, wheezing, and coughing. For the early phase and milder forms of allergic asthma, dietary supplementation with long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA), predominantly fish oil-associated eicosapentaenoic (C20:5 ω-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (C22:6 ω-3), and distinct crop oil-derived fatty acids might provide a sustainable treatment strategy, as discussed in several studies. In addition to immune-controlling prostaglandins, leukotrienes, and thromboxanes, specialized proresolving mediators, such as lipoxins, resolvins, protectins, and maresins, are metabolized from different LCPUFA, which actively resolve inflammation. The aim of this review was to discuss the possible synergistic effects of ω-3 and ω-6 LCPUFA combinations concerning rebuilding fatty acid homeostasis in cellular membranes, modifying eicosanoid metabolic pathways, controlling inflammatory processes by focusing on resolving inflammation in the bronchoalveolar system on the cellular level, and helping to control clinical symptoms in bronchial asthma.
Food Technology, Department of Biotechnology, University of Applied Sciences, Fulda, Germany. Electronic address: Christopher.beermann@lt.hs-fulda.de.
Christopher
C
Beermann
Food Technology, Department of Biotechnology, University of Applied Sciences, Fulda, Germany.
Sandy
S
Neumann
Food Technology, Department of Biotechnology, University of Applied Sciences, Fulda, Germany.
Daniela
D
Fußbroich
Pediatric Pulmonology and Allergology, Children's Hospital I, Goethe-University, Frankfurt/Main, Germany.
Stefan
S
Zielen
Pediatric Pulmonology and Allergology, Children's Hospital I, Goethe-University, Frankfurt/Main, Germany.
Ralf
R
Schubert
D001249:Asthma / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004281:Docosahexaenoic Acids / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004357:Drug Synergism; D015118:Eicosapentaenoic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005395:Fish Oils / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006801:Humans; D053858:Metabolic Networks and Pathways; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000008:administration & dosage
D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated; D005395:Fish Oils; D010938:Plant Oils; D004281:Docosahexaenoic Acids; D015118:Eicosapentaenoic Acid
Allergic disease; Arachidonic acid; Eicosapentaenoic acid; Fat metabolism; Inflammation; Pulmonology