Formal Models of the Network Co-occurrence Underlying Mental Operations.
Systems neuroscience has identified a set of canonical large-scale networks in humans. These have predominantly been characterized by resting-state analyses of the task-unconstrained, mind-wandering brain. Their explicit relationship to defined task performance is largely unknown and remains challenging. The present work contributes a multivariate statistical learning approach that can extract the major brain networks and quantify their configuration during various psychological tasks. The method is validated in two extensive datasets (n = 500 and n = 81) by model-based generation of synthetic activity maps from recombination of shared network topographies. To study a use case, we formally revisited the poorly understood difference between neural activity underlying idling versus goal-directed behavior. We demonstrate that task-specific neural activity patterns can be explained by plausible combinations of resting-state networks. The possibility of decomposing a mental task into the relative contributions of major brain networks, the "network co-occurrence architecture" of a given task, opens an alternative access to the neural substrates of human cognition.
Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.|JARA-BRAIN, Jülich-Aachen Research Alliance, Germany.|Parietal team, INRIA, Neurospin, bat 145, CEA Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.|Institute of Clinical Neuroscience and Medical Psychology, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany.
Danilo
D
Bzdok
Parietal team, INRIA, Neurospin, bat 145, CEA Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
Gaël
G
Varoquaux
Parietal team, INRIA, Neurospin, bat 145, CEA Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
Olivier
O
Grisel
Parietal team, INRIA, Neurospin, bat 145, CEA Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
Michael
M
Eickenberg
NeuroSpin, CEA, bat 145, CEA Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
Cyril
C
Poupon
Parietal team, INRIA, Neurospin, bat 145, CEA Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
Bertrand
B
Thirion
D000328:Adult; D001921:Brain / Q000502:physiology*; D003071:Cognition / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007858:Learning / Q000502:physiology*; D000069550:Machine Learning; D008297:Male; D008959:Models, Neurological; D009415:Nerve Net; D009474:Neurons / Q000502:physiology; D055815:Young Adult