Association of anticardiolipin, antiphosphatidylserine, anti-β2 glycoprotein I, and antiphosphatidylcholine autoantibodies with canine immune thrombocytopenia.
BACKGROUND
In humans, the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) is frequently found in immune thrombocytopenia. The present study investigated whether aPL and any aPL subtypes are associated with canine thrombocytopenia, in particular, immune-mediated thrombocytopenia (immune thrombocytopenia) that usually manifests with severe thrombocytopenia.


RESULTS
Sera were collected from 64 outpatient dogs with thrombocytopenia (Group I, platelet count 0 - 80 × 10(3)/uL), and 38 of which having severe thrombocytopenia (platelet count < 30 × 10(3)/uL) were further divided into subgroups based on the presence of positive antiplatelet antibodies (aPLT) (subgroup IA, immune thrombocytopenia, n =20) or the absence of aPLT (subgroup IB, severe thrombocytopenia negative for aPLT, n =18). In addition, sera of 30 outpatient dogs without thrombocytopenia (Group II), and 80 healthy dogs (Group III) were analyzed for comparison. Indirect ELISAs were performed to compare serum levels of aPL subtypes, including anticardiolipin antibodies (aCL), antiphosphatidylserine antibodies (aPS), antiphosphatidylcholine (aPC), and anti-β2 glycoprotein I antibodies (aβ2GPI), and antiphosphatidylinositol antibodies (aPI), among different groups or subgroups of dogs. Among outpatient dogs, aCL, being highly prevalent in outpatient dogs with thrombocytopenia (63/64, 98 %), is an important risk factor for thrombocytopenia (with a high relative risk of 8.3), immune thrombocytopenia (relative risk 5.3), or severe thrombocytopenia negative for aPLT (relative risk ∞, odds ratio 19). In addition, aPS is a risk factor for immune thrombocytopenia or severe thrombocytopenia negative for aPLT (moderate relative risks around 2), whereas aPC and aβ2GPI are risk factors for immune thrombocytopenia (relative risks around 2).


CONCLUSIONS
Of all the aPL subtypes tested here, aCL is highly associated with canine thrombocytopenia, including immune thrombocytopenia, severe thrombocytopenia negative for aPLT, and less severe thrombocytopenia. Furthermore, aPS is moderately associated with both canine immune thrombocytopenia and severe thrombocytopenia negative for aPLT, whereas aβ2GPI, and aPC are moderately relevant to canine immune thrombocytopenia. In contrast, aPI is not significantly associated with canine immune thrombocytopenia.
Graduate Institute of Microbiology and Public Health, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan, Republic of China.
Yu-Chen
YC
Chen
Department of Medical Research and Development Linko Branch, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan, Republic of China.|Molecular Medical Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan, Republic of China.
Lang-Ming
LM
Chi
Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan, Republic of China.
Kuan-Chih
KC
Chow
Graduate Institute of Microbiology and Public Health, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan, Republic of China. shchiou@dragon.nchu.edu.tw.
Shiow-Her
SH
Chiou
Graduate Institute of Microbiology and Public Health, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan, Republic of China.
Yi-Hsin
YH
Fan
Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan, Republic of China.
Shu-Peng
SP
Ho
Graduate Institute of Microbiology and Public Health, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan, Republic of China.
Yu-Chen
YC
Hsu
Graduate Institute of Microbiology and Public Health, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan, Republic of China.
Yu-Chyi
YC
Hwang
Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan, Republic of China.
Meng-Xing
MX
Wu
Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan, Republic of China.|Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan, Republic of China.
Wei-Ming
WM
Lee
Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan, Republic of China.|Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan, Republic of China.
Shiun-Long
SL
Lin
Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan, Republic of China.
Chau-Loong
CL
Tsang
Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan, Republic of China.
Frank Chiahung
FC
Mao
D000818:Animals; D017153:Antibodies, Anticardiolipin; D017152:Antibodies, Antiphospholipid / Q000097:blood*; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology*; D004285:Dogs; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / Q000662:veterinary; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010713:Phosphatidylcholines / Q000276:immunology*; D010718:Phosphatidylserines / Q000276:immunology*; D013045:Species Specificity; D013921:Thrombocytopenia / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology / Q000662:veterinary*; D053482:beta 2-Glycoprotein I / Q000276:immunology*
D017153:Antibodies, Anticardiolipin; D017152:Antibodies, Antiphospholipid; D010713:Phosphatidylcholines; D010718:Phosphatidylserines; D053482:beta 2-Glycoprotein I
Anti-β2 glycoprotein I antibodies; Anticardiolipin antibodies; Antiphosphatidylcholine antibodies; Antiphosphatidylserine antibodies; Antiphospholipid antibodies; Antiplatelet antibodies; Immune thrombocytopenia