Mitochondria-Targeted Antioxidants: Future Perspectives in Kidney Ischemia Reperfusion Injury.
Kidney ischemia/reperfusion injury emerges in various clinical settings as a great problem complicating the course and outcome. Ischemia/reperfusion injury is still an unsolved puzzle with a great diversity of investigational approaches, putting the focus on oxidative stress and mitochondria. Mitochondria are both sources and targets of ROS. They participate in initiation and progression of kidney ischemia/reperfusion injury linking oxidative stress, inflammation, and cell death. The dependence of kidney proximal tubule cells on oxidative mitochondrial metabolism makes them particularly prone to harmful effects of mitochondrial damage. The administration of antioxidants has been used as a way to prevent and treat kidney ischemia/reperfusion injury for a long time. Recently a new method based on mitochondria-targeted antioxidants has become the focus of interest. Here we review the current status of results achieved in numerous studies investigating these novel compounds in ischemia/reperfusion injury which specifically target mitochondria such as MitoQ, Szeto-Schiller (SS) peptides (Bendavia), SkQ1 and SkQR1, and superoxide dismutase mimics. Based on the favorable results obtained in the studies that have examined myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury, ongoing clinical trials investigate the efficacy of some novel therapeutics in preventing myocardial infarct. This also implies future strategies in preventing kidney ischemia/reperfusion injury.
School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr. Subotica 8, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; Clinic for Nephrology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Pasterova 2, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
Aleksandra
A
Kezic
Department of Life Sciences, Institute for Multidisciplinary Research, University of Belgrade, Kneza Vieslava 1, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
Ivan
I
Spasojevic
School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr. Subotica 8, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; Clinic for Nephrology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Pasterova 2, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
Visnja
V
Lezaic
Department of Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, P.O. Box 38, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; Clinical Pharmacology Unit, University Children's Hospital, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
Milica
M
Bajcetic
D058186:Acute Kidney Injury / Q000150:complications*; D000975:Antioxidants; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000473:pathology*; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000473:pathology*
D000975:Antioxidants