lncRNA in the liver: Prospects for fundamental research and therapy by RNA interference.
Long non-coding RNAs constitute the most abundant part of the transcribed mammalian genome. lncRNAs affect all essential processes in the living cell including transcription, splicing, translation, replication, shaping of chromatin and post translational modification of proteins. Alterations in lncRNA expression have been linked to a number of diseases; thus, modulation of lncRNA expression holds a huge potential for gene-based therapy. In this review we summarize published data about lncRNAs in the context of hepatic carcinogenesis and liver fibrosis, and the corresponding potential targets for gene therapy. Recent advancements in targeted delivery to the liver made RNA interference an invaluable tool to decipher hepatic lncRNA function and to develop lncRNA-oriented therapies for liver-involved diseases in the future. Different approaches for RNA delivery that can be used for functional studies in the lab and for clinical lncRNA based applications are critically discussed in this review.
Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, MA, USA. Electronic address: esmekal@mit.edu.
Elena M
EM
Smekalova
Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, 4 Alfred Nobel Street, 143025 Skolkovo, Russia. Electronic address: y.kotelevtsev@skoltech.ru.
Yuri V
YV
Kotelevtsev
Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, 4 Alfred Nobel Street, 143025 Skolkovo, Russia. Electronic address: d.leboeuf@skoltech.ru.
Dominique
D
Leboeuf
Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, 4 Alfred Nobel Street, 143025 Skolkovo, Russia. Electronic address: eklimova@mit.edu.
Evgeniya Y
EY
Shcherbinina
Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, 4 Alfred Nobel Street, 143025 Skolkovo, Russia. Electronic address: fefilova@mit.edu.
Anna S
AS
Fefilova
Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, 4 Alfred Nobel Street, 143025 Skolkovo, Russia; Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1-3, 119992 Moscow, Russia; Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, Novogireevskaya 3a, 111123 Moscow, Russia. Electronic address: T.Zatsepin@skoltech.ru.
Timofei S
TS
Zatsepin
Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, 4 Alfred Nobel Street, 143025 Skolkovo, Russia; Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1-3, 119992 Moscow, Russia. Electronic address: kotelianskiv@gmail.com.
Victor
V
Koteliansky
D000818:Animals; D035843:Biomedical Research / Q000379:methods; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D015316:Genetic Therapy / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D008103:Liver Cirrhosis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000628:therapy; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000628:therapy; D034622:RNA Interference; D062085:RNA, Long Noncoding / Q000235:genetics*
D062085:RNA, Long Noncoding
Delivery; Endosome escape; GalNAc conjugate; Hepatocellular carcinoma; Lipid nanoparticle (LNP); Liver; Long noncoding RNA (lncRNA); RNAi; siRNA