Nutrition and Cardiovascular Disease: Finding the Perfect Recipe for Cardiovascular Health.
The increasing burden of cardiovascular disease (CVD) despite the progress in management entails the need of more effective preventive and curative strategies. As dietary-associated risk is the most important behavioral factor influencing global health, it appears the best target in the challenge against CVD. Although for many years, since the formulation of the cholesterol hypothesis, a nutrient-based approach was attempted for CVD prevention and treatment, in recent years a dietary-based approach resulted more effective in reducing cardiovascular risk worldwide. After the publication of randomized trials on the remarkable effects of the Mediterranean diet and the Dietary Approach to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet on CVD, new efforts were put on research about the effects of complex dietary interventions on CVD. The purpose of this paper is to review the evidence on dietary interventions in the prevention and disease modification of CVD, focusing on coronary artery disease and heart failure, the main disease responsible for the enormous toll taken by CVD worldwide.
Division of Cardiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, University and Civil Hospital of Brescia, Brescia 25123, Italy. ravera.alice@gmail.com.
Alice
A
Ravera
Division of Cardiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, University and Civil Hospital of Brescia, Brescia 25123, Italy. valentina.carubelli@gmail.com.
Valentina
V
Carubelli
Division of Cardiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, University and Civil Hospital of Brescia, Brescia 25123, Italy. edoardo.sc@tin.it.
Edoardo
E
Sciatti
Division of Cardiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, University and Civil Hospital of Brescia, Brescia 25123, Italy. ivano.bonadei@libero.it.
Ivano
I
Bonadei
Division of Cardiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, University and Civil Hospital of Brescia, Brescia 25123, Italy. eliogorga@gmail.com.
Elio
E
Gorga
Division of Cardiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, University and Civil Hospital of Brescia, Brescia 25123, Italy. canidarios@gmail.com.
Dario
D
Cani
Division of Cardiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, University and Civil Hospital of Brescia, Brescia 25123, Italy. isotta5@hotmail.com.
Enrico
E
Vizzardi
Division of Cardiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, University and Civil Hospital of Brescia, Brescia 25123, Italy. metramarco@libero.it.
Marco
M
Metra
Division of Cardiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, University and Civil Hospital of Brescia, Brescia 25123, Italy. lombardi.carlo@alice.it.
Carlo
C
Lombardi
D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control*; D002319:Cardiovascular System / Q000378:metabolism; D000072001:Diet, Healthy; D038441:Diet, Mediterranean; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D015201:Meta-Analysis as Topic; D009752:Nutritional Status; D064887:Observational Studies as Topic; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D012307:Risk Factors; D017673:Sodium Chloride, Dietary / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000032:analysis
D017673:Sodium Chloride, Dietary
DASH; Mediterranean; cardiovascular disease; coronary artery disease; diet; heart failure; hypertension