Archaeal communities of Arctic methane-containing permafrost.
In the present study, we used culture-independent methods to investigate the diversity of methanogenic archaea and their distribution in five permafrost samples collected from a borehole in the Kolyma River Lowland (north-east of Russia). Total DNA was extracted from methane-containing permafrost samples of different age and amplified by PCR. The resulting DNA fragments were cloned. Phylogenetic analysis of the sequences showed the presence of archaea in all studied samples; 60%-95% of sequences belonged to the Euryarchaeota. Methanogenic archaea were novel representatives of Methanosarcinales, Methanomicrobiales, Methanobacteriales and Methanocellales orders. Bathyarchaeota (Miscellaneous Crenarchaeota Group) representatives were found among nonmethanogenic archaea in all the samples studied. The Thaumarchaeota representatives were not found in the upper sample, whereas Woesearchaeota (formerly DHVEG-6) were found in the three deepest samples. Unexpectedly, the greatest diversity of archaea was observed at a depth of 22.3 m, probably due to the availability of the labile organic carbon and/or due to the migration of the microbial cells during the freezing front towards the bottom.
Laboratory of Anaerobic Microorganisms, Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospect Nauki 5, Pushchino Moscow Region, 142290, Russian Federation vshakola@gmail.com.
Victoria
V
Shcherbakova
College of Agriculture, Tamagawa University, 6-1-1 Tamagawagakuen, Machida, Tokyo, 194-8610 Japan.
Yoshitaka
Y
Yoshimura
Laboratory of Anaerobic Microorganisms, Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospect Nauki 5, Pushchino Moscow Region, 142290, Russian Federation.
Yana
Y
Ryzhmanova
College of Agriculture, Tamagawa University, 6-1-1 Tamagawagakuen, Machida, Tokyo, 194-8610 Japan.
Yukihiro
Y
Taguchi
National Institute of Polar Research, 10-3, Midori-cho, Tachikawa-shi, Tokyo, 190-8518, Japan.
Takahiro
T
Segawa
Laboratory of Anaerobic Microorganisms, Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospect Nauki 5, Pushchino Moscow Region, 142290, Russian Federation.
Victoria
V
Oshurkova
Laboratory of Soil Cryology, Institute of Physicochemical and Biological Problems in Soil Science, Russian Academy of Sciences, Institutskaya str. 2, Pushchino Moscow region, 142290, Russian Federation.
Elizaveta
E
Rivkina
D001105:Archaea / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics; D001110:Arctic Regions; D019641:DNA, Archaeal / Q000032:analysis; D019605:Euryarchaeota / Q000235:genetics; D008697:Methane / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D017012:Methanobacteriales / Q000235:genetics; D017018:Methanomicrobiales / Q000235:genetics; D019640:Methanosarcinales / Q000235:genetics; D065946:Permafrost / Q000382:microbiology*; D010802:Phylogeny; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics; D012426:Russia; D012988:Soil Microbiology
D019641:DNA, Archaeal; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; D008697:Methane
Arctic permafrost; Bathyarchaeota; Euryarchaeota; Woesearchaeota; mcrA; methanogenesis; methanogenic archaea