Crosstalk Between Muscle and Bone Via the Muscle-Myokine Irisin.
Several lines of evidence have recently established that skeletal muscle is an endocrine organ producing and releasing myokines acting in a paracrine or endocrine fashion. Among these, the newly identified myokine Irisin, produced by skeletal muscle after physical exercise, was originally described as molecule able to promote energy expenditure in white adipose tissue. Recently, it has been shown that the myokine Irisin affects skeletal metabolism in vivo. Thus, mice treated with a micro-dose of r-Irisin displayed improved cortical bone mass, geometry and strength, resembling the effect of physical activity in developing an efficient load-bearing skeleton. Further studies highlighted the autocrine effect of Irisin on skeletal muscle, and research performed in humans has definitively established that Irisin is a circulating hormone-like myokine, increased by physical activity. Albeit there are still few, since Irisin has been very recently discovered, herein are summarized the most relevant research findings published on this topic.
Department of Basic Medical Science, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari, 70124, Bari, Italy.
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Colaianni
Department of Basic Medical Science, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari, 70124, Bari, Italy.
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Mongelli
Department of Basic Medical Science, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari, 70124, Bari, Italy.
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Colucci
Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Center of Obesity, United Hospitals, University of Ancona, 60020, Ancona, Italy.
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Cinti
Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124, Bari, Italy. maria.grano@uniba.it.
Maria
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Grano
D002001:Adipose Tissue, Brown / Q000378:metabolism; D052436:Adipose Tissue, White / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D015519:Bone Density / Q000187:drug effects; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D000071538:Cortical Bone / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000187:drug effects; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005353:Fibronectins / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000378:metabolism*; D010006:Osteoblasts; D010805:Physical Conditioning, Animal; D016474:Weight-Bearing; D055114:X-Ray Microtomography
C577593:FNDC5 protein, human; C571428:FNDC5 protein, mouse; D005353:Fibronectins
Bone; Irisin; Mechanical loading; Muscle; Osteoporosis; Sarcopenia