Copy number variations of genes involved in stress responses reflect the redox state and DNA damage in brewing yeasts.
The yeast strains of the Saccharomyces sensu stricto complex involved in beer production are a heterogeneous group whose genetic and genomic features are not adequately determined. Thus, the aim of the present study was to provide a genetic characterization of selected group of commercially available brewing yeasts both ale top-fermenting and lager bottom-fermenting strains. Molecular karyotyping revealed that the diversity of chromosome patterns and four strains with the most accented genetic variabilities were selected and subjected to genome-wide array-based comparative genomic hybridization (array-CGH) analysis. The differences in the gene copy number were found in five functional gene categories: (1) maltose metabolism and transport, (2) response to toxin, (3) siderophore transport, (4) cellular aldehyde metabolic process, and (5) L-iditol 2-dehydrogenase activity (p < 0.05). In the Saflager W-34/70 strain (Fermentis) with the most affected array-CGH profile, loss of aryl-alcohol dehydrogenase (AAD) gene dosage correlated with an imbalanced redox state, oxidative DNA damage and breaks, lower levels of nucleolar proteins Nop1 and Fob1, and diminished tolerance to fermentation-associated stress stimuli compared to other strains. We suggest that compromised stress response may not only promote oxidant-based changes in the nucleolus state that may affect fermentation performance but also provide novel directions for future strain improvement.
Department of Genetics, University of Rzeszow, Rejtana 16C, 35-959, Rzeszow, Poland.
Jagoda
J
Adamczyk
Department of Genetics, University of Rzeszow, Rejtana 16C, 35-959, Rzeszow, Poland.|Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
Anna
A
Deregowska
Department of Genetics, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.
Marek
M
Skoneczny
Laboratory of Mutagenesis and DNA Repair, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.
Adrianna
A
Skoneczna
Department of Genetics, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.
Urszula
U
Natkanska
Department of Genetics, University of Rzeszow, Rejtana 16C, 35-959, Rzeszow, Poland.
Aleksandra
A
Kwiatkowska
Department of Genetics, University of Rzeszow, Rejtana 16C, 35-959, Rzeszow, Poland.
Ewa
E
Rawska
Department of Genetics, University of Rzeszow, Rejtana 16C, 35-959, Rzeszow, Poland.
Leszek
L
Potocki
Department of Genetics, University of Rzeszow, Rejtana 16C, 35-959, Rzeszow, Poland.
Ewelina
E
Kuna
Department of Genetics, University of Rzeszow, Rejtana 16C, 35-959, Rzeszow, Poland.
Anita
A
Panek
Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Rzeszow, Zelwerowicza 4, 35-601, Rzeszow, Poland. alewinska@o2.pl.
Anna
A
Lewinska
Department of Genetics, University of Rzeszow, Rejtana 16C, 35-959, Rzeszow, Poland. mawnuk@gmail.com.
Maciej
M
Wnuk
D002466:Cell Nucleolus / Q000502:physiology; D015825:Chromosomes, Fungal / Q000235:genetics; D056915:DNA Copy Number Variations; D004249:DNA Damage; D005285:Fermentation; D063990:Gene Ontology; D005800:Genes, Fungal; D042822:Genomic Instability; D050296:Microbial Viability; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D011003:Ploidies; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000235:genetics* / Q000254:growth & development; D013312:Stress, Physiological
Array-CGH; Brewing yeasts; DNA damage; Genome; Redox equilibrium