Relationship between sperm protamine deficiency and apoptosis in couples with unexplained repeated spontaneous abortions.
BACKGROUND
Etiology of more than half of Recurrent Spontaneous Abortion. The etiology of more than 50 percent of Recurrent Spontaneous Abortions (RSA) cases has been remained unexplained. It is supposed that RSA may have "paternal effect" due to supply 50% of embryonic genomic content by male gamete.


OBJECTIVE
The aim of present study was to evaluate the role of sperm apoptosis and protamine deficiency at same time in RSA cases.


METHODS
Forty fertile (control) and 40 unfertile men with RSA (case) were enrolled in this case-control study. Semen analysis was performed in accordance with WHO criteria and sperm apoptosis and protamine deficiency were evaluated by cell apoptosis detection kit and chromomycin A3, respectively.


RESULTS
Results showed significant different between normal morphology and total motility in two groups. Case group had higher percentage of spermatozoa with protamine deficiency and apoptosis compared to controls significantly.


CONCLUSIONS
Our results showed that in cases of RSA, in addition to abnormal sperm parameters, we have a high percentage of spermatozoa with protamine deficiency and apoptosis and these two anomalies may consider as important causes of idiopathic recurrent abortions. It should be advised that sperm chromatin and DNA examinations are useful tools in the process of RSA treatments.
Infertility Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
Ali Reza
AR
Talebi
Infertility Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.; Faculty of Pharmacy, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
Farzaneh
F
Fesahat
Infertility Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
Esmat
E
Mangoli
Infertility Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
Jalal
J
Ghasemzadeh
Department of Biology, Islamic Azad University of Ashkezar, Ashkezar, Iran.
Maryam
M
Nayeri
Stem Cell Biology Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
Fatemeh
F
Sadeghian-Nodoshan
Apoptosis; Protamine; Recurrent spontaneous; Sperm