The stiff shoulder in diabetic patients.
Shoulder stiffness is associated with diabetes mellitus. It is characterized by pain and restriction of active and passive range of motion. Like other complications of diabetes (e.g., arterial stiffness, pancreatic or renal fibrosis), shoulder stiffness is due to a fibrotic process. The clinical course is generally benign, but it can last for months, with remaining disabilities in the long term. Several possibilities of treatment are being used. The practitioner should be aware of this complication, its natural history, and the current treatments available in order to adequately tailor the best treatment to the patient, sometimes combining more than one option.
Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
Juan
http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7684-6262
J
Pons-Villanueva
Department of Endocrinology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
Javier
J
Escalada San Martín
D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D048909:Diabetes Complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D005260:Female; D005355:Fibrosis; D006801:Humans; D007592:Joint Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular; D020127:Recovery of Function; D012307:Risk Factors; D012785:Shoulder Joint / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D020069:Shoulder Pain / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy; D016896:Treatment Outcome
disease aetiology and pathogenesis - human; education; soft tissue rheumatism and regional pain syndromes