NMR spectroscopy-based metabolomic study of serum in sulfur mustard exposed patients with lung disease.
Sulfur mustard (SM) is a vesication chemical warfare agent for which there is currently no antidote. Despite years of research, there is no common consensus about the pathophysiological basis of chronic pulmonary disease caused by this chemical warfare agent. In this study, we combined chemometric techniques with nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to explore the metabolic profile of sera from SM-exposed patients. A total of 29 serum samples obtained from 17 SM-injured patients, and 12 healthy controls were analyzed by Random Forest. Increased concentrations of seven amino acids, glycerol, dimethylamine, ketone bodies, lactate, acetate, citrulline and creatine together with the decreased very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL) levels were observed in patients compared with control subjects. Our study reveals the metabolic profile of sera from SM-injured patients and indicates that NMR-based methods can distinguish these patients from healthy controls.
a Proteomics Research Center, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences , Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran.|b Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences , Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran.
B Fatemeh
BF
Nobakht
b Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences , Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran.
Afsaneh
A
Arefi Oskouie
a Proteomics Research Center, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences , Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran.
Mostafa
M
Rezaei-Tavirani
c Pulmonary Department , Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran.
Rasoul
R
Aliannejad
d Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Research Center of Iran , Tehran , Iran.
Salman
S
Taheri
e Department of Chemistry , Sharif University of Technology , Tehran , Iran.
Fariba
F
Fathi
f Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences , Tarbiat Modares University , Tehran , Iran.
Mohammad
M
Taghi Naseri
D000328:Adult; D000596:Amino Acids / Q000097:blood; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002619:Chemical Warfare Agents; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008079:Lipoproteins, VLDL / Q000097:blood; D008171:Lung Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000139:chemically induced*; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D008297:Male; D055442:Metabolome / Q000187:drug effects*; D055432:Metabolomics / Q000379:methods*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009151:Mustard Gas / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000633:toxicity*
D000596:Amino Acids; D015415:Biomarkers; D002619:Chemical Warfare Agents; D008079:Lipoproteins, VLDL; D009151:Mustard Gas
Human serum; metabolomics; mustard gas; nuclear magnetic resonance