Body Segment Kinematics and Energy Expenditure in Active Videogames.
OBJECTIVE
Energy expenditure (EE) in active videogames (AVGs) is a component for assessing its benefit for cardiovascular health. Existing evidence suggests that AVGs are able to increase EE above rest and when compared with playing passive videogames. However, the association between body movement and EE remains unclear. Furthermore, for goal-directed game design, it is important to know the contribution of body segments to EE. This knowledge will help to acquire a certain level of exercise intensity during active gaming. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the best predictors of EE from body segment energies, acceleration, and heart rate during different game situations.


METHODS
EE and body segment movement of 17 subjects, aged 22.1 ± 2.5 years, were measured in two different AVGs. In randomized order, the subjects played a handheld-controlled Nintendo(®) Wii™ tennis (NWT) game and a whole body-controlled Sony EyeToy(®) waterfall (ETW) game. Body segment movement was analyzed using a three-dimensional motion capture system. From the video data, mean values of mechanical energy change and acceleration of 10 body segments were analyzed.


RESULTS
Measured EE was significantly higher in ETW (7.8 ± 1.4 metabolic equivalents [METs]) than in NWT (3.4 ± 1.0 METs). The best prediction parameter for the more intense ETW game was the energy change of the right thigh and for the less intense hand-controlled NWT game was the energy change of the upper torso. Segment acceleration was less accurate in predicting EE.


CONCLUSIONS
The best predictors of metabolic EE were the thighs and the upper torso in whole body and handheld-controlled games, respectively. Increasing movement of these body segments would lead to higher physical activity intensity during gaming, reducing sedentary behavior.
1 Institute of Preventive Pediatrics , Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany .
Birgit
B
Böhm
1 Institute of Preventive Pediatrics , Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany .
Michael
M
Hartmann
2 Gait Laboratory, Orthopedic Hospital for Children , Aschau im Chiemgau, Germany .
Harald
H
Böhm
D061725:Accelerometry / Q000379:methods; D000328:Adult; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena / Q000502:physiology*; D002153:Calorimetry, Indirect; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D005542:Forearm / Q000502:physiology; D006225:Hand / Q000502:physiology; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007866:Leg / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D055686:Metabolic Equivalent / Q000502:physiology; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D005082:Physical Exertion / Q000502:physiology*; D018910:Video Games