Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria Isolated from Surface Water in Bassaseachic Falls National Park, Mexico.
Bacterial pathogens are a leading cause of waterborne disease, and may result in gastrointestinal outbreaks worldwide. Inhabitants of the Bassaseachic Falls National Park in Chihuahua, Mexico show seasonal gastroenteritis problems. This aim of this study was to detect enteropathogenic microorganisms responsible for diarrheal outbreaks in this area. In 2013, 49 surface water samples from 13 selected sampling sites along the Basaseachi waterfall and its main rivers, were collected during the spring, summer, autumn, and winter seasons. Fecal and total coliform counts were determined using standard methods; the AutoScan-4 system was used for identification of isolates and the antibiotic resistance profile by challenging each organism using 21 antibiotics. Significant differences among seasons were detected, where autumn samples resulted in the highest total (p < 0.05) and fecal (p < 0.001) coliform counts, whereas the lowest total coliform counts were recorded in spring. Significant differences between sampling sites were observed, where samples from sites 6, 8, and 11 had the highest total coliform counts (p < 0.009), whereas samples from site 9 exhibited the lowest one. From the microbiological analysis, 33 bacterial isolates from 13 different sites and four sampling seasons were selected; 53% of isolates were resistant to at least one antibiotic, and 15% exhibited a multidrug resistance (MDB) phenotype. MDB were identified as Klebsiella oxytoca (two out of four identified isolates), Escherichia coli (2/7), and Enterobacter cloacae (1/3). In addition, some water-borne microorganisms exhibited resistance to cefazoline, cefuroxime, ampicillin, and ampicillin-sulbactam. The presence of these microorganisms near rural settlements suggests that wastewater is the contamination source, providing one possible transmission mechanism for diarrheal outbreaks.
Departamento de Microbiolog&#237;a e Inmunolog&#237;a, Facultad de Ciencias Biol&#243;gicas, Universidad Aut&#243;noma de Nuevo Le&#243;n Ave. Universidad s/n, San Nicol&#225;s de los Garza 66450, N.L., Mexico. carmen_060@hotmail.com.|Laboratorio de Biotecnolog&#237;a, Facultad de Ciencias Qu&#237;micas, Universidad Aut&#243;noma de Chihuahua, Circuito Nuevo Campus Universitario s/n, Chihuahua 31125, Mexico. carmen_060@hotmail.com.
Ma Carmen E
MC
Delgado-Gardea
Departamento de Microbiolog&#237;a e Inmunolog&#237;a, Facultad de Ciencias Biol&#243;gicas, Universidad Aut&#243;noma de Nuevo Le&#243;n Ave. Universidad s/n, San Nicol&#225;s de los Garza 66450, N.L., Mexico. patamez@hotmail.com.
Patricia
P
Tamez-Guerra
Departamento de Microbiolog&#237;a e Inmunolog&#237;a, Facultad de Ciencias Biol&#243;gicas, Universidad Aut&#243;noma de Nuevo Le&#243;n Ave. Universidad s/n, San Nicol&#225;s de los Garza 66450, N.L., Mexico. rgomez60@hotmail.com.
Ricardo
R
Gomez-Flores
Laboratorio de Biotecnolog&#237;a, Facultad de Ciencias Qu&#237;micas, Universidad Aut&#243;noma de Chihuahua, Circuito Nuevo Campus Universitario s/n, Chihuahua 31125, Mexico. fzavala@uach.mx.
Francisco Javier
FJ
Zavala-Díaz de la Serna
Laboratorio de Biotecnolog&#237;a, Facultad de Ciencias Qu&#237;micas, Universidad Aut&#243;noma de Chihuahua, Circuito Nuevo Campus Universitario s/n, Chihuahua 31125, Mexico. gerosa@uach.mx.
Gilberto
G
Eroza-de la Vega
Laboratorio de Biotecnolog&#237;a, Facultad de Ciencias Qu&#237;micas, Universidad Aut&#243;noma de Chihuahua, Circuito Nuevo Campus Universitario s/n, Chihuahua 31125, Mexico. vnevare@uach.mx.
Guadalupe Virginia
GV
Nevárez-Moorillón
Comisi&#243;n Nacional de &#193;reas Naturales Protegidas, Direcci&#243;n Regional Norte y Sierra Madre Occidental, Parque Nacional Cascada de Bassaseachic, Ocampo, Chihuahua 31203, Mexico. crecoder@conanp.gob.mx.
María Concepción
MC
Pérez-Recoder
Laboratorio de Biotecnolog&#237;a, Facultad de Ciencias Qu&#237;micas, Universidad Aut&#243;noma de Chihuahua, Circuito Nuevo Campus Universitario s/n, Chihuahua 31125, Mexico. bsanche@uach.mx.
Blanca
B
Sánchez-Ramírez
Laboratorio de Biotecnolog&#237;a, Facultad de Ciencias Qu&#237;micas, Universidad Aut&#243;noma de Chihuahua, Circuito Nuevo Campus Universitario s/n, Chihuahua 31125, Mexico. carmengonzalez@uach.mx.
María Del Carmen
Mdel C
González-Horta
Laboratorio de Biotecnolog&#237;a, Facultad de Ciencias Qu&#237;micas, Universidad Aut&#243;noma de Chihuahua, Circuito Nuevo Campus Universitario s/n, Chihuahua 31125, Mexico. rir_infante@yahoo.com.mx.
Rocío
R
Infante-Ramírez
D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D001419:Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D005243:Feces / Q000382:microbiology; D008800:Mexico; D000068316:Parks, Recreational; D045483:Rivers / Q000382:microbiology*; D062065:Wastewater / Q000382:microbiology; D014871:Water Microbiology; D014873:Water Pollutants / Q000302:isolation & purification*
D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D062065:Wastewater; D014873:Water Pollutants
MPN; antibiotic; enteric; environment; microorganisms; multidrug resistance; pollution; water