Functional movement disorders.
The review highlights the most relevant recent developments in the field of functional movement disorders (FMD).



The emphasis on making a 'positive' diagnosis has driven a renewed interest in assessing the value of simple clinical signs. Furthermore, an effort has been made to develop and test objective diagnostic tools. The association of FMD with several comorbidities is being acknowledged. Pathophysiological understanding has grown with the identification of new neurobiological abnormalities, including a decreased interoceptive sensitivity. Finally - and most importantly - the recognition of the potential benefits of specialized physiotherapy is changing FMD management.



The field of FMD is moving forward on a number of fronts, including diagnosis, pathophysiology, and treatment. A major priority for future research is providing robust evidence regarding treatment.
aDepartment of Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences, St George's University of London, London, United Kingdom bInstituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa cServiço de Neurologia, Hospital de Santa Maria, Lisboa, Portugal.
Tiago
T
Teodoro
Mark J
MJ
Edwards
D015897:Comorbidity; D006801:Humans; D009069:Movement Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy