Peptide-based imaging agents for cancer detection.
Selective receptor-targeting peptide based agents have attracted considerable attention in molecular imaging of tumor cells that overexpress corresponding peptide receptors due to their unique properties such as rapid clearance from circulation as well as high affinities and specificities for their targets. The rapid growth of chemistry modification techniques has enabled the design and development of various peptide-based imaging agents with enhanced metabolic stability, favorable pharmacokinetics, improved binding affinity and selectivity, better imaging ability as well as biosafety. Among them, many radiolabeled peptides have already been translated into the clinic with impressive diagnostic accuracy and sensitivity. This review summarizes the current status in the development of peptide-based imaging agents with an emphasis on the consideration of probe design including the identification of suitable peptides, the chemical modification of probes and the criteria for clinical translation. Specific examples in clinical trials have been provided as well with respect to their diagnostic capability compared with other FDA approved imaging agents.
Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China. Electronic address: xiaolian-sun@xmu.edu.cn.
Xiaolian
X
Sun
Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
Yesen
Y
Li
Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
Ting
T
Liu
Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
Zijing
Z
Li
Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China. Electronic address: zhangxz@xmu.eu.cn.
Xianzhong
X
Zhang
Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine (LOMIN), National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States. Electronic address: shawn.chen@nih.gov.
Xiaoyuan
X
Chen
D000818:Animals; D006801:Humans; D057054:Molecular Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000378:metabolism; D010455:Peptides / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000493:pharmacokinetics
D010455:Peptides
Chemical modification; Clinical experience; Molecular imaging; Peptide