Effects of cobalt and chromium ions on lymphocyte migration.
A T cell-mediated hypersensitivity reaction has been reported in some patients with CoCrMo-based implants. However, the role of cobalt and chromium ions in this reaction remains unclear. The objective of the present study was to analyze the effects of Co2+and Cr3+in culture medium, as well as the effects of culture supernatants of macrophages exposed to Co2+or Cr3+, on the migration of lymphocytes. The release of cytokines/chemokines by macrophages exposed to Co2+and Cr3+was also analyzed. The migration of murine lymphocytes was quantified using the Boyden chamber assay and flow cytometry, while cytokine/chemokine release by J774A.1 macrophages was measured by ELISA. Results showed an ion concentration-dependent increase in TNF-α and MIP-1α release and a decrease in MCP-1 and RANTES release. Migration analysis showed that the presence of Co2+(8 ppm) and Cr3+(100 ppm) in culture medium increased the migration of T lymphocytes, while it had little or no effect on the migration of B lymphocytes, suggesting that Co2+and Cr3+can stimulate the migration of T but not B lymphocytes. Levels of T lymphocyte migration in culture medium containing Co2+or Cr3+were not statistically different from those in culture supernatants of macrophages exposed to Co2+or Cr3+, suggesting that the effects of the ions and chemokines were not additive, possibly because of ion interference with the chemokines and/or their cognate receptors. Overall, results suggest that Co2+and Cr3+are capable of stimulating the migration of T (but not B) lymphocytes in the absence of cytokines/chemokines, and could thereby contribute to the accumulation of more T than B lymphocytes in periprosthetic tissues of some patients with CoCrMo-based implants. © 2016 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 35:916-924, 2017.
Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ottawa, 161 Louis Pasteur, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, K1N 6N5.
Stephen J
SJ
Baskey
Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ottawa, 161 Louis Pasteur, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, K1N 6N5.
Eric A
EA
Lehoux
Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ottawa, 161 Louis Pasteur, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, K1N 6N5.|Department of Surgery, University of Ottawa, The Ottawa Hospital-General Campus, 501 Smyth Road, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, K1H 8L6.|Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, K1H 8M5.
Isabelle
I
Catelas
D000818:Animals; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology; D002465:Cell Movement; D054405:Chemokine CCL3 / Q000378:metabolism; D018925:Chemokines / Q000378:metabolism; D002857:Chromium / Q000737:chemistry*; D003035:Cobalt / Q000737:chemistry*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology*; D008264:Macrophages / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
D054405:Chemokine CCL3; D018925:Chemokines; D016207:Cytokines; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D002857:Chromium; D003035:Cobalt
chemokines; lymphocytes; macrophages; metal ions; migration