Human induced pluripotent stem cells: A disruptive innovation.
This year (2016) will mark the 10th anniversary of the discovery of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). The finding that the transient expression of four transcription factors can radically remodel the epigenome, transcriptome and metabolome of differentiated cells and reprogram them into pluripotent stem cells has been a major and groundbreaking technological innovation. In this review, we discuss the major applications of this technology that we have grouped in nine categories: a model to study cell fate control; a model to study pluripotency; a model to study human development; a model to study human tissue and organ physiology; a model to study genetic diseases in a dish; a tool for cell rejuvenation; a source of cells for drug screening; a source of cells for regenerative medicine; a tool for the production of human organs in animals.
CHU Montpellier, Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Biotherapy, Hôpital Saint-Eloi, 34000 Montpellier, France; INSERM, U1183, 34000 Montpellier, France; Université de Montpellier, UFR de Médecine, 34000 Montpellier, France; Institut de Biologie Computationnelle, 34000 Montpellier, France; CHU Montpellier, SAFE-IPS Reprogramming Platform, Institute of Research in Biotherapy, 34000 Montpellier, France; CHU Montpellier, Unit for Cellular Therapy, Hospital Saint-Eloi, 34000 Montpellier, France. Electronic address: john.devos@inserm.fr.
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De Vos
CHU Montpellier, Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Biotherapy, Hôpital Saint-Eloi, 34000 Montpellier, France; INSERM, U1183, 34000 Montpellier, France; Université de Montpellier, UFR de Pharmacie, 34000 Montpellier, France.
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Bouckenheimer
CHU Montpellier, Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Biotherapy, Hôpital Saint-Eloi, 34000 Montpellier, France; INSERM, U1183, 34000 Montpellier, France; Université de Montpellier, UFR de Pharmacie, 34000 Montpellier, France.
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Sansac
CHU Montpellier, Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Biotherapy, Hôpital Saint-Eloi, 34000 Montpellier, France; INSERM, U1183, 34000 Montpellier, France.
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Lemaître
CHU Montpellier, Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Biotherapy, Hôpital Saint-Eloi, 34000 Montpellier, France; INSERM, U1183, 34000 Montpellier, France; Université de Montpellier, UFR de Médecine, 34000 Montpellier, France. Electronic address: said.assou@inserm.fr.
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Assou
D000818:Animals; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques / Q000379:methods; D019070:Cell Lineage; D054338:Cell Transdifferentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D000067470:Cellular Reprogramming Techniques; D016922:Cellular Senescence; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D057026:Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000637:transplantation*; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology; D051379:Mice; D009924:Organ Culture Techniques / Q000379:methods; D044968:Regenerative Medicine / Q000639:trends*; D012060:Rejuvenation; D013045:Species Specificity; D013552:Swine; D035703:Therapies, Investigational; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000494:pharmacology
D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors
Cell reprogramming; Induced pluripotent stem cells; Pluripotency; Regenerative medicine; Stem cells; Trans-differentiation