Inositol(s) in thyroid function, growth and autoimmunity.
Myo-inositol and phosphatidylinositol(s) play a pivotal function in many metabolic pathways that, if impaired, impact unfavorably on human health. This review analyzes several experimental and clinical investigations regarding the involvement of this class of molecules in physiological and pathological situations, with a major focus on thyroid. Central issues are the relationship between phosphatidylinositol and thyrotropin (TSH) signaling on one hand, and phosphatydylinositol and autoimmunity on the other hand. Other issues are the consequences of malfunction of some receptors, such as those ones for TSH (TSHR), insulin (IR) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1R), or the connection between serum TSH concentrations and insulin resistance. Also covered are insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome and their allied disorders (diabetes, polycystic ovary syndrome [PCOS]), autoimmunity and certain malignancies, with their reciprocal links. Myoinositol has promising therapeutic potential. Appreciation of the inositol pathways involved in certain disorders, as mentioned in this review, may stimulate researchers to envisage additional therapeutic applications.
Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina School of Medicine, via Consolare Valeria, 1, 98125, Messina, Italy. s.benvenga@live.it.|Master Program of Childhood, Adolescence and Women's Endocrine Health, University of Messina School of Medicine, via Consolare Valeria, 1, 98125, Messina, Italy. s.benvenga@live.it.|Interdepartmental Program of Molecular & Clinical Endocrinology, and Women's Endocrine Health, University hospital, Padiglione H, 4 piano, Policlinico G. Martino, 98125, Messina, Italy. s.benvenga@live.it.
Salvatore
S
Benvenga
Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126, Pisa, Italy.
Alessandro
A
Antonelli
D000818:Animals; D015551:Autoimmunity / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007294:Inositol / Q000378:metabolism*; D007328:Insulin / Q000378:metabolism; D010716:Phosphatidylinositols / Q000378:metabolism; D017526:Receptor, IGF Type 1 / Q000378:metabolism; D011989:Receptors, Thyrotropin / Q000378:metabolism; D013961:Thyroid Gland / Q000378:metabolism*; D013972:Thyrotropin / Q000378:metabolism
D007328:Insulin; D010716:Phosphatidylinositols; D011989:Receptors, Thyrotropin; D007294:Inositol; D013972:Thyrotropin; D017526:Receptor, IGF Type 1
IGF-1R; Insulin; Myo-inositol; Phosphatidylinositol; TSH; TSHR