Whole brain radiotherapy in management of non-small-cell lung carcinoma associated leptomeningeal carcinomatosis: evaluation of prognostic factors.
To assess the efficacy of whole-brain radiotherapy (WBRT) and prognostic factors in leptomeningeal carcinomatosis (LMC) of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. WBRT records of 51 LMC patients confined to brain were reviewed. Eligible patients had squamous-cell carcinoma (SCC) or adenocarcinoma, and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status (ECOG PS) 0-3. The WBRT was either 20 or 30 Gray. The primary and secondary objectives were to determine overall survival (OS) and prognostic factors for improved treatment response, respectively. Median age was 53 years (range 39-68), 58.8 % had SCC, 74.5 % had ECOG PS 1-2, and 70.6 % had LMC accompanied by parenchymal brain metastases (BM). The median follow-up was 4.1 months (range 0.7-14.4); all patients died due to disease progression. Median OS was 3.9 months (95 % CI 3.3-4.5) with 6 and 12 month estimates of 19.6 and 5.9 %, respectively. Evaluation of prognostic factors revealed that patients with ECOG 1, longer time to LMC (TT-LMC) from NSCLC diagnosis (>11.3 months), and absence of parenchymal BM had significantly superior OS than those patients with ECOG 2 (p = 0.01) or 3 (p < 0.001), TT-LMC < 11.3 months (p = 0.001), and parenchymal BM (p = 0.012). Median OS of 3.9 months after WBRT appeared to confirm the poor prognosis of LMC. WBRT might be most effective for patients with favorable PS, longer TT-LMC, and no accompanying BM. Therefore, we identified ECOG PS 1, TT-LMC > 11.3 months, and no BM as independent prognosticators for better response to WBRT in NSCLC patients with LMC.
Department of Radiation Oncology, Baskent University Adana Medical Faculty, Adana, Turkey. yurdayozdemir@gmail.com.
Yurday
Y
Ozdemir
Department of Radiation Oncology, Baskent University Adana Medical Faculty, Adana, Turkey.
Berna Akkus
BA
Yildirim
Department of Radiation Oncology, Baskent University Adana Medical Faculty, Adana, Turkey.
Erkan
E
Topkan
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001921:Brain; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000150:complications / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D016371:Cranial Irradiation / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D008297:Male; D055756:Meningeal Carcinomatosis / Q000150:complications / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
Leptomeningeal carcinomatosis; Non-small cell lung cancer; Prognostic factors; Whole brain radiotherapy