Fringes of the empire: Diet and cultural change at the Roman to post-Roman transition in NW Iberia.
A growing number of paleodiet investigations over recent years have begun to reveal the stark dietary differences that existed between regions of the Roman Empire, as well as significant changes in subsistence strategies after its fall. The present study explores the dietary changes at the Roman to post-Roman (Germanic) transition in the Northwest Iberian Peninsula, in order to improve our understanding of the changes that occurred at end of the Roman Empire in different regions across Europe and to also consider the influence of climate had on them. The carbon and nitrogen stable isotope investigation in bone collagen from A Lanzada, NW Spain (100-700 AD), which was an important commercial, coastal settlement has been presented. A human sample of 59 individuals, 6 of them subadults, is compared with 31 faunal specimens, which include a number of marine fish. Isotope data for the terrestrial fauna reveal the influence of the sea on the local isotope baseline. Analysis of the human samples indicates a mixed marine-terrestrial diet. A shift in mean human δ(13) C values from -16.7‰ to -14.3‰ provides clear evidence for a significant change in diet in the post-Roman period, probably through the intensification of both marine resources exploitation and C4 -plant consumption (presumably millet). A deterioration of paleoenvironmental conditions, together with a poor socioeconomic situation and the arrival of new people, the Sueves, who brought a new political and socioeconomic system have been discussed as the main causes for the dietary modification in post-Roman times.
Group Earth System Sciences, Departamento de Xeografía, Facultade de Xeografía e Historia, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Spain.|Archaeological Research Laboratory, Stockholm University, Wallenberglaboratoriet, Stockholm, SE-, 10691, Sweden.|Laboratory of Anthropology, Department of Legal Medicine, Toxicology and Physical Anthropology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, 18012, Spain.
Olalla
0000-0002-6499-226X
O
López-Costas
Department of Archaeology, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, RG6 6AB, United Kingdom.
Gundula
G
Müldner
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000383:Agriculture; D000818:Animals; D000885:Anthropology, Physical; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000737:chemistry; D002247:Carbon Isotopes / Q000032:analysis; D002417:Cattle; D003468:Cultural Evolution; D004032:Diet / Q000266:history*; D005260:Female; D006041:Goats; D049690:History, Ancient; D049691:History, Medieval; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009587:Nitrogen Isotopes / Q000032:analysis; D018644:Roman World / Q000266:history*; D012756:Sheep; D013030:Spain; D013552:Swine; D014070:Tooth / Q000737:chemistry; D055815:Young Adult
D002247:Carbon Isotopes; D009587:Nitrogen Isotopes
migration period; millet; paleodiet; saltmarsh influence; stable isotopes