Coexistence of ACE (I/D) and PAI-1 (4G/5G) gene variants in recurrent miscarriage in Polish population.
Recurrent miscarriage (RM) is one of the most common obstetric complications. Numerous studies have suggested that genetic variants leading to an impaired balance between coagulation and fibrinolysis may contribute to elevated risk of pregnancy loss. The aim of the study was to investigate a possible association between angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE, rs1799752) I/D and plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1, rs1799768) 4G/5G polymorphisms with RM among Polish women.



DNA was extracted from peripheral blood samples of 152 women with a history of ≥ 2 consecutive pregnancy losses before 22 weeks of gestation, and 180 healthy controls with at least 1 live birth at term and no history of pregnancy loss. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) were used to identify the polymorphisms.



No statistically significant differences were found in genotype and allele frequencies of the studied polymorphisms. The most relevant difference between the study group and controls was found for the ID genotype distribution of the ACE gene (52.6 vs. 46.7%, OR = 1.27, p = 0.28). The analysis of genotype coexistence revealed a higher incidence of the combination of the ACE II and the PAI-1 4G/4G genotypes in the control group (10.0 vs.5.9% in control group; p = 0.17).



The obtained results suggest no apparent association between the ACE I/D, PAI-1 4G/5G polymorphisms and increased RM susceptibility in the analyzed Polish population.
gene@gpsk.am.poznan.pl.
Grażyna
G
Kurzawińska
Magdalena
M
Barlik
Krzysztof
K
Drews
Agata
A
Różycka
Agnieszka
A
Seremak-Mrozikiewicz
Marcin
M
Ożarowski
Andrzej
A
Klejewski
Bogusław
B
Czerny
Hubert
H
Wolski
D000026:Abortion, Habitual / Q000235:genetics*; D000022:Abortion, Spontaneous / Q000235:genetics*; D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006801:Humans; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A / Q000235:genetics*; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 / Q000235:genetics*; D011044:Poland; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D055815:Young Adult
D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1; C051321:SERPINE1 protein, human; C488034:ACE protein, human; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A
ACE; PAI-1; SERPINE-1; miscarriage; polymorphism; renin-angiotensin system