Applicability of the Global Lung Initiative 2012 Reference Values for Spirometry for Longitudinal Data of Elderly Women.
OBJECTIVE
Lung function depends nonlinearly on age and height, so that the use of age and height specific reference values is required. The widely used age and height specific GLI (Global Lung Initiative) z-scores derived from cross-sectional data, however, have not been proven for validity in an elderly population or for longitudinal data. Therefore, we aimed to test their validity in a population of elderly women followed prospectively for more than 20 years.


METHODS
We used spirometric data (forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC) and FEV1/FVC) from the SALIA cohort of German women (baseline: 1985-1994 (aged 55 years), follow-up: 2008/2009 and 2012/2013). We calculated GLI-z-scores for baseline and follow-up examination separately (cross-sectional evaluation) and individual differences in z-scores between baseline and follow-up (longitudinal evaluation) for healthy never-smoking women.


RESULTS
GLI reference values for FEV1, FVC and FEV1/FVC were cross-sectionally and longitudinally equivalent with our SALIA data. The mean change in z-scores between baseline and follow-up was 0.33 for FEV1, 0.38 for FVC and -0.10 for FEV1/FVC.


CONCLUSIONS
In conclusion, GLI z-scores fit cross-sectionally and longitudinally with FEV1, FVC and FEV1/FVC measured in women from Germany which indicates that they can be used in longitudinal association analyses.
IUF-Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, Germany.
Anke
A
Hüls
IUF-Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, Germany.
Ursula
U
Krämer
IUF-Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, Germany.
Sabine
S
Stolz
IUF-Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, Germany.
Frauke
F
Hennig
IUF-Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, Germany.|Medical Faculty, Deanery of Medicine, Heinrich-Heine University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
Barbara
B
Hoffmann
Faculty of Statistics, TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, Germany.
Katja
K
Ickstadt
IUF-Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, Germany.
Andrea
A
Vierkötter
IUF-Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, Germany.
Tamara
T
Schikowski
D000368:Aged; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005541:Forced Expiratory Volume / Q000502:physiology*; D005858:Germany; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008168:Lung / Q000502:physiology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D012016:Reference Values; D012923:Social Class; D013147:Spirometry; D014797:Vital Capacity / Q000502:physiology*