The brain-joint axis in osteoarthritis: nerves, circadian clocks and beyond.
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a prevalent and debilitating joint disease for which ageing, obesity and chronic inflammation are known risk factors. The central, peripheral and autonomic nervous systems are essential in all metabolic systems, and emerging evidence suggests a role for these systems in OA. In the past few years, metabolic diseases, such as obesity or diabetes, have been linked to disruption of circadian rhythms that are tightly regulated by the nervous system, whereas inflammatory and autoimmune diseases are known to be linked to disruption of the cholinergic vagus nerve reflex. Interestingly, metabolism, inflammation and circadian rhythms have all been linked to the development and progression of OA. This article reviews current knowledge of the direct and indirect roles of the nervous system and circadian system in the initiation and/or progression of OA, and highlights the directions for future research in this emerging field.
Rheumatology Department, Sorbonnes Universités UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM UMRS_938, DHU i2B, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, 184 rue du Faubourg Saint-Antoine, Paris 75012, France.
Francis
F
Berenbaum
Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Matrix Research, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK. University of Manchester.
Qing-Jun
QJ
Meng
D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology*; D001341:Autonomic Nervous System / Q000503:physiopathology*; D057906:Circadian Clocks / Q000235:genetics; D002940:Circadian Rhythm / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007030:Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007596:Joints / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008659:Metabolic Diseases / Q000503:physiopathology; D010003:Osteoarthritis / Q000503:physiopathology*; D010913:Pituitary-Adrenal System / Q000503:physiopathology*