In Situ and In Vivo Molecular Analysis by Coherent Raman Scattering Microscopy.
Coherent Raman scattering (CRS) microscopy is a high-speed vibrational imaging platform with the ability to visualize the chemical content of a living specimen by using molecular vibrational fingerprints. We review technical advances and biological applications of CRS microscopy. The basic theory of CRS and the state-of-the-art instrumentation of a CRS microscope are presented. We further summarize and compare the algorithms that are used to separate the Raman signal from the nonresonant background, to denoise a CRS image, and to decompose a hyperspectral CRS image into concentration maps of principal components. Important applications of single-frequency and hyperspectral CRS microscopy are highlighted. Potential directions of CRS microscopy are discussed.
Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907; email: liao44@purdue.edu.
Chien-Sheng
CS
Liao
Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907; email: liao44@purdue.edu.
Ji-Xin
JX
Cheng
Raman scattering; biomedical imaging; vibrational spectroscopy