Emotional self-control and dysregulation: A dual-process analysis of pathways to externalizing/internalizing symptomatology and positive well-being in younger adolescents.
There is little knowledge about how emotional regulation contributes to vulnerability versus resilience to substance use disorder. With younger adolescents, we studied the pathways through which emotion regulation attributes are related to predisposing factors for disorder.



A sample of 3561 adolescents (M age 12.5 years) was surveyed. Measures for emotional self-control (regulation of sadness and anger), emotional dysregulation (angerability, affective lability, and rumination about sadness or anger), and behavioral self-control (planfulness and problem solving) were obtained. A structural model was analyzed with regulation attributes related to six intermediate variables that are established risk or protective factors for adolescent substance use (e.g., academic involvement, stressful life events). Criterion variables were externalizing and internalizing symptomatology and positive well-being.



Indirect pathways were found from emotional regulation to symptomatology through academic competence, stressful events, and deviance-prone attitudes and cognitions. Direct effects were also found: from emotional dysregulation to externalizing and internalizing symptomatology; emotional self-control to well-being; and behavioral self-control (inverse) to externalizing symptomatology. Emotional self-control and emotional dysregulation had independent effects and different types of pathways.



Adolescents scoring high on emotional dysregulation are at risk for substance dependence because of more externalizing and internalizing symptomatology. Independently, youth with better behavioral and emotional self-control are at lower risk. This occurs partly through relations of regulation constructs to environmental variables that affect levels of symptomatology (e.g., stressful events, poor academic performance). Effects of emotion regulation were found at an early age, before the typical onset of substance disorder.
Prevention and Control Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, United States. Electronic address: twills@cc.hawaii.edu.
Thomas A
TA
Wills
Department of Psychology, University of South Dakota, Vermilion, SD, United States. Electronic address: jeffrey.simons@usd.edu.
Jeffrey S
JS
Simons
Preventive Medicine, Psychology, and Social Work, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States. Electronic address: ssussma@usc.edu.
Steve
S
Sussman
Prevention and Control Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, United States. Electronic address: rknight@cc.hawaii.edu.
Rebecca
R
Knight
D000293:Adolescent; D000294:Adolescent Behavior / Q000523:psychology*; D000786:Anger / Q000502:physiology; D003071:Cognition / Q000502:physiology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004644:Emotions / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007389:Internal-External Control; D008297:Male; D000068356:Self-Control / Q000523:psychology*; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000523:psychology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
Adolescents; Behavioral self-control; Emotion regulation; Mediation; Symptomatology