Current endovascular therapy for lower extremity peripheral arterial disease: indications, outcomes and modalities.
Atherosclerosis of the lower extremities frequently leads to lifestyle-restricting claudication and can cause critical limb ischaemia (rest pain, non-healing ulcer, or gangrene). The prevalence of peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is rising in line with an ageing population. In the USA, PAD affects 8-10 million people (approximately 12% of the adult population). There is a strong association with concomitant coronary artery and cerebral vascular disease in these patients, which represents a significant cause of mortality and morbidity in patients with PAD. Disease affecting the lower extremity peripheral vessels is most aggressive in smokers and diabetics.
Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
B P
BP
Yan
Division of Cardiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston Massachusetts, USA.
T J
TJ
Kiernan
Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
Y-Y
YY
Lam
Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
C-M
CM
Yu