Spiritual well-being and moral distress among Iranian nurses.
BACKGROUND
Moral distress is increasingly recognized as a problem affecting healthcare professionals, especially nurses. If not addressed, it may create job dissatisfaction, withdrawal from the moral dimensions of patient care, or even encourage one to leave the profession. Spiritual well-being is a concept which is considered when dealing with problems and stress relating to a variety of issues.


OBJECTIVE
This research aimed to examine the relationship between spiritual well-being and moral distress among a sample of Iranian nurses and also to study the determinant factors of moral distress and spiritual well-being in nurses.


METHODS
A cross-sectional, correlational design was employed to collect data from 193 nurses using the Spiritual Well-Being Scale and the Moral Distress Scale-Revised.


METHODS
This study was approved by the Regional Committee of Medical Research Ethics. The ethical principles of voluntary participation, anonymity, and confidentiality were considered.


RESULTS
Mean scores of spiritual well-being and moral distress were 94.73 ± 15.89 and 109.56 ± 58.70, respectively. There was no significant correlation between spiritual well-being and moral distress (r= -.053,p= .462). Marital status and job satisfaction were found to be independent predictors of spiritual well-being. However, gender and educational levels were found to be independent predictors for moral distress. Age, working in rotation shifts, and a tendency to leave the current job also became significant after adjusting other factors for moral distress.


CONCLUSIONS
This study could not support the relationship between spiritual well-being and moral distress. However, the results showed that moral distress is related to many elements including individual ideals and differences as well as organizational factors. Informing nurses about moral distress and its consequences, establishing periodic consultations, and making some organizational arrangement may play an important role in the identification and management of moral distress and spiritual well-being.
Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Iran.
Mohammad Ali
MA
Soleimani
Taylor's University, Malaysia.
Saeed Pahlevan
SP
Sharif
Ameneh
A
Yaghoobzadeh
Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Iran.
Mohammad Reza
MR
Sheikhi
Concordia University, Canada.
Bianca
B
Panarello
National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore.
Ma Thin Mar
MTM
Win
D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007492:Iran; D007588:Job Satisfaction; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009726:Nurses / Q000523:psychology*; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D012846:Singapore; D029181:Spirituality; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000150:complications* / Q000523:psychology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
Moral distress; nurses; spiritual well-being