Plum pox virus capsid protein suppresses plant pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP)-triggered immunity.
The perception of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) by immune receptors launches defence mechanisms referred to as PAMP-triggered immunity (PTI). Successful pathogens must suppress PTI pathways via the action of effectors to efficiently colonize their hosts. So far, plant PTI has been reported to be active against most classes of pathogens, except viruses, although this defence layer has been hypothesized recently as an active part of antiviral immunity which needs to be suppressed by viruses for infection success. Here, we report that Arabidopsis PTI genes are regulated upon infection by viruses and contribute to plant resistance to Plum pox virus (PPV). Our experiments further show that PPV suppresses two early PTI responses, the oxidative burst and marker gene expression, during Arabidopsis infection. In planta expression of PPV capsid protein (CP) was found to strongly impair these responses in Nicotiana benthamiana and Arabidopsis, revealing its PTI suppressor activity. In summary, we provide the first clear evidence that plant viruses acquired the ability to suppress PTI mechanisms via the action of effectors, highlighting a novel strategy employed by viruses to escape plant defences.
INRA, UMR 1332 BFP, CS 20032, Villenave d'Ornon cedex, 33882, France.|University of Bordeaux, UMR 1332 BFP, CS 20032, Villenave d'Ornon cedex, 33882, France.
Valerie
V
Nicaise
INRA, UMR 1332 BFP, CS 20032, Villenave d'Ornon cedex, 33882, France.|University of Bordeaux, UMR 1332 BFP, CS 20032, Villenave d'Ornon cedex, 33882, France.
Thierry
T
Candresse
D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000821:virology; D036022:Capsid Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D000069452:Pathogen-Associated Molecular Pattern Molecules / Q000378:metabolism*; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000235:genetics / Q000821:virology; D057865:Plant Immunity / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D017801:Plum Pox Virus / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D014026:Nicotiana / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000821:virology
D036022:Capsid Proteins; D000069452:Pathogen-Associated Molecular Pattern Molecules; D010940:Plant Proteins
Arabidopsis thaliana; PAMP-triggered immunity; Plum pox virus; capsid protein; effector; flg22 signalling; plant antiviral defences