Modulation of antioxidant defense and immune response in zebra fish (Danio rerio) using dietary sodium propionate.
The present study explores the effect of dietary sodium propionate on mucosal immune response and expression of antioxidant enzyme genes in zebra fish (Danio rerio). Six hundred healthy zebra fish (0.42 ± 0.06 g) supplied, randomly stocked in 12 aquariums and fed on basal diets supplemented with different levels of sodium propionate [0 (control), 5, 10 and 20 g kg-1] for 8 weeks. At the end of the feeding trial, mucosal immune parameters (TNF-α, IL-1β, Lyz), antioxidant enzyme (SOD, CAT) as well as heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) gene expression were measured. The results revealed feeding on sodium propionate significantly up-regulated inflammatory response genes (TNF-α, IL-1β, Lyz) in a dose-dependent manner (P < 0.05). However, antioxidant enzyme genes significantly down-regulated in the treated group compared with control (P < 0.05). Also, HSP70 gene expression was higher in the liver of fish fed the basal diet and deceased with elevation of sodium propionate levels in the diet. These results showed beneficial effects of dietary sodium propionate on mucosal immune response as well as the antioxidant defense of zebra fish.
Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran.
Roghieh
R
Safari
Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran. hoseinifar@gau.ac.ir.
Seyed Hossein
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0210-9013
SH
Hoseinifar
Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran.
Morteza
M
Kavandi
D000818:Animals; D002374:Catalase / Q000235:genetics; D029941:Fish Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D018840:HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D018928:Immunity, Mucosal / Q000187:drug effects*; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000235:genetics; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism; D007422:Intestines / Q000187:drug effects; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D009113:Muramidase / Q000235:genetics; D011422:Propionates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012982:Sodium, Dietary / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000235:genetics; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000235:genetics; D015027:Zebrafish / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology*
D029941:Fish Proteins; D018840:HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D011422:Propionates; D012982:Sodium, Dietary; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; C514135:sodium propionate; D002374:Catalase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D009113:Muramidase
Antioxidant defense; Gene expression; Mucosal immunity; Sodium propionate; Zebra fish (Danio rerio)