Frequency of Electrocardiographic Abnormalities in Tramadol Poisoned Patients; a Brief Report.
BACKGROUND
Previous studies have raised the probably of cardiac manifestation in tramadol poisoning. However, conclusive information on electrocardiographic (ECG) abnormalities of tramadol overdose remains to be explained. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the epidemiology of ECG abnormalities in tramadol poisoned patients.


METHODS
In a prospective cross-sectional study, all patients with tramadol poisoning, who were admitted to the emergency department of Loghman Hospital during 2012 - 2013, were evaluated. Patients' baseline characteristics and ECG findings including axis, rate, rhythm, PR interval, QRS duration, QTc interval, evidence of Brugada pattern, and evidence of blocks were recorded. Obtained Data were descriptively analyzed using SPSS 21.0 statistical software.


RESULTS
1402 patients with the mean age of 24 ± 6 years were studied (71.1% male). Sinus tachycardia was detected in 463 (33%) patients, sinus bradycardia in one patient (0.07%), right axis deviation in 340 (24.2), QRS widening in 91 (6.5%), long QTc interval in 259 (18.4%), dominant S wave in either I or aVL lead in 395 (28.1%), and right bundle branch block in 73 (5.2%). Increased PR interval was not detected in any cases. The evidence of Brugada pattern was observed in 2 (0.14%) patients (100% male), both symptomatized with seizure. All abnormalities had same sex distribution.


CONCLUSIONS
Based on the results of the present study, the most common types of ECG changes were sinus tachycardia, a deep S wave in leads I and aVL, right axis deviation, and long QTc interval, respectively. Brugada pattern and sinus bradycardia were rarely presented.
Faculty member of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
Anahita
A
Alizadeh Ghamsari
Faculty member of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
Bita
B
Dadpour
Faculty member of the Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Fares
F
Najari
Tramadol; arrhythmias; cardiac; drug-related side effects and adverse reactions; electrocardiography; toxicity