Two-stage phyto-microremediation of tannery effluent by Spirodela polyrrhiza (L.) Schleid. and chromium resistant bacteria.
Two-stage sequential treatment of tannery effluent was conducted employing a wetland plant, Spirodela polyrrhiza (L.) Schleid., and chromium (Cr) resistant bacterial strains. The bacterial strains were isolated from Cr-enriched environmental matrices and rhizosphere of Spirodela polyrrhiza. The phyto-rhizoremediation of tannery effluent by Spirodela and its rhizospheric bacteria (Cellulomonas biazotea APBR1-6, Bacillus safensis APBR2-12, Staphylococcus warneri APBR3-5, Microbacterium oleivorans APBR2-6), followed by microremediation by Cr resistant bacteria (Micrococcus luteus APBS5-1, Bacillus pumilus APBS5-2, Bacillus flexus APBE3-1, Virgibacillus sediminis APBS6-1) resulted in reduction of pollution parameters [COD (81.2%), total Cr (97.3%), Cr(VI) (99.3%), Pb(II) (97.0%), Ni (95.7%)]. The LC-MS analysis showed that many pollutants detected in untreated tannery effluent were diminished after bioremediation or long chains of alcohol polyethoxylates viz. C18EO6 in untreated effluent were broken down into smaller unit of alcohol polyethoxylate ((+)HHO[CH2CH2O]H), indicating that bacteria and Spirodela polyrrhiza, alongwith its rhizospheric associates utilized them as carbon and energy source.
Department of Environmental Science, University of Jammu, Jammu 180006, J&K, India.
Asha
A
Singh
Biodiversity and Applied Botany Division, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR), Canal Road, Jammu 180001, J&K, India.
Dhiraj
D
Vyas
Department of Environmental Science, University of Jammu, Jammu 180006, J&K, India. Electronic address: piyushmalaviya@rediffmail.com.
Piyush
P
Malaviya
D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D029064:Araceae / Q000378:metabolism*; D001419:Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D057919:Biological Oxygen Demand Analysis; D019149:Bioreactors / Q000382:microbiology; D002857:Chromium / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial / Q000187:drug effects; D007194:India; D007220:Industrial Waste / Q000032:analysis; D059013:Microbial Consortia / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D058441:Rhizosphere; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D053833:Wetlands
D000975:Antioxidants; D007220:Industrial Waste; D002857:Chromium
Antioxidative enzymes; Bioremediation; Phytoremediation; Rhizosphere; Wastewater