Correlation of T2R38 taste phenotype and in vitro biofilm formation from nonpolypoid chronic rhinosinusitis patients.
Sinonasal biofilms have been demonstrated in specimens collected from chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) patients. Mounting evidence suggests that biofilms contribute to therapeutically recalcitrant CRS. Recently, the bitter taste receptor T2R38 has been implicated in the regulation of the sinonasal mucosal innate immune response. TAS2R38 gene polymorphisms affect receptor functionality and contribute to variations seen in sinonasal innate defense as well as taste perception reflected in gustatory sensitivity to the bitter compound phenylthiocarbamide (PTC). In a population of CRS patients with active infection or inflammation, we sought to determine if a correlation between T2R38 phenotype and in vitro biofilm formation existed.



Endoscopically guided sinonasal swabs were obtained prospectively from CRS (±polyp) patients with evidence of persistent inflammation or mucopurulence. In vitro biofilm formation was assessed with a modified Calgary Biofilm Detection Assay. Patients' phenotypic (functional) expression of the bitter taste receptor T2R38 was evaluated with a taste test including the compound PTC. Linear regression was used to determine the level of significance between mean in vitro biofilm formation levels and mean PTC taste test intensity ratings across CRS patients.



Sinonasal swabs were obtained from 59 patients, with 42 of the 59 samples demonstrating in vitro biofilm formation. Analysis revealed an inverse linear association between in vitro biofilm formation and PTC taste intensity ratings (p = 0.019) for all patients. This association was exclusively driven by nonpolypoid CRS patients (p = 0.0026).



In vitro biofilm formation from sinonasal clinical isolates is inversely correlated with PTC taste sensitivity in nonpolypoid CRS patients.
Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.|Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.
Nithin D
ND
Adappa
Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.
Carl M
CM
Truesdale
Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.
Alan D
AD
Workman
Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.
Laurel
L
Doghramji
Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia, PA.
Corrine
C
Mansfield
Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.|Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.
David W
DW
Kennedy
Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.|Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.
James N
JN
Palmer
Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia, PA.
Beverly J
BJ
Cowart
Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.|Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.|Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia, PA.|Surgical Service, Philadelphia Veterans Administration Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA.
Noam A
NA
Cohen
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D018441:Biofilms; D002908:Chronic Disease; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010670:Phenylthiourea; D011549:Pseudomonas / Q000502:physiology*; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D012220:Rhinitis / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012852:Sinusitis / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013649:Taste; D055815:Young Adult; D000098706:Taste Receptors, Type 2
D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled; D000098706:Taste Receptors, Type 2; D010670:Phenylthiourea
Calgary biofilm detection; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; T2R38 polymorphism; biofilm; bitter taste receptor; chronic rhinosinusitis; genetics; nitric oxide; phenylthiocarbamide; supertaster