Personalized Radiation Oncology: Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor and Other Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors.
Molecular biomarkers are currently evaluated in preclinical and clinical studies in order to establish predictors for treatment decisions in radiation oncology. The receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK) are described in the following text. Among them, the most data are available for the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) that plays a major role for prognosis of patients after radiotherapy, but seems also to be involved in mechanisms of radioresistance, specifically in repopulation of tumour cells between radiotherapy fractions. Monoclonal antibodies against the EGFR improve locoregional tumour control and survival when applied during radiotherapy, however, the effects are heterogeneous and biomarkers for patient selection are warranted. Also other RTK´s such as c-Met and IGF-1R seem to play important roles in tumour radioresistance. Beside the potential to select patients for molecular targeting approaches combined with radiotherapy, studies are also needed to evluate radiotherapy adaptation approaches for selected patients, i.e. adaptation of radiation dose, or, more sophisticated, of target volumes.
Gray Laboratories, Department of Oncology, Cancer Research UK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford, UK.
Geoff S
GS
Higgins
OncoRay - National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology (NCRO), Carl Gustav Carus Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany. mechthild.krause@uniklinikum-dresden.de.|German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Dresden, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany. mechthild.krause@uniklinikum-dresden.de.|Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Insititute of Radiooncology, Dresden, Germany. mechthild.krause@uniklinikum-dresden.de.|Department of Radiation Oncology, Carl Gustav Carus Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany. mechthild.krause@uniklinikum-dresden.de.
Mechthild
M
Krause
Gray Laboratories, Department of Oncology, Cancer Research UK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford, UK.
W Gillies
WG
McKenna
OncoRay - National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology (NCRO), Carl Gustav Carus Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany.|German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Dresden, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.|Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Insititute of Radiooncology, Dresden, Germany.|Department of Radiation Oncology, Carl Gustav Carus Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
Michael
M
Baumann
D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000627:therapeutic use; D059248:Chemoradiotherapy; D066246:ErbB Receptors / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000628:therapy*; D057285:Precision Medicine / Q000379:methods*; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018787:Radiation Oncology / Q000379:methods*; D020794:Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D016019:Survival Analysis
D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors; D066246:ErbB Receptors; D020794:Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases
EGFR, Biomarker, Radiotherapy, HER-2, Receptor tyrosine kinases