Multilocus genotyping of Giardia duodenalis in Brazilian children.
Giardia duodenalis is a parasite of several mammalian species, including humans, distributed worldwide. This research aimed to identify the molecular assemblages/sub-assemblages of G. duodenalis and to determine the intra-assemblage genetic variation of the different genes of assemblages A and B in pre-school children in the cities of Araguari and Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil.



The molecular characterization followed β-giardin (bg), glutamate dehydrogenase (gdh) and triose phosphate isomerase (tpi) protocols.



Of 226 stool samples, G. duodenalis cysts were found in 45 (19.9%). The tpi gene was amplified in 34 samples: 16 assemblage A, 14 B and four mixed samples A/B. The gdh gene was amplified in 32 samples, including 14 A, 16 B and two A/B. For the bg gene, 19 samples were sequenced: nine assemblage A, five B, three E, and two mixed, A/E and B/E. Animal-specific assemblage E were identified by bg, but were not confirmed for other genes. Twelve samples were characterized by full agreement of the three genes. Two new multilocus genotyping (MLGs) for assemblage A and two new MLGs for assemblage B were also described.



These findings substantiate the importance of using more than one gene protocol since the sensitivity and genetic variability changes with the locus used.Access numbers: The GenBank access numbers for the nucleotide sequences reported in this article are: JQ794877-JQ794890, JX033113-JX033118.
Laboratório de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Av. Pará, 1720, Bl. 4C, CEP 38400-902 Uberlândia, MG, Brazil.
Luana A M
LA
Scalia
Laboratório de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Av. Pará, 1720, Bl. 4C, CEP 38400-902 Uberlândia, MG, Brazil.
Natália M N
NM
Fava
Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87, CEP 05508-270 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
Rodrigo M
RM
Soares
Laboratório de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Av. Pará, 1720, Bl. 4C, CEP 38400-902 Uberlândia, MG, Brazil.
Jean E
JE
Limongi
Laboratório de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Av. Pará, 1720, Bl. 4C, CEP 38400-902 Uberlândia, MG, Brazil.
Maria Júlia R
MJ
da Cunha
Laboratório de Biotecnologia e Marcadores Moleculares, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, CEP 31270-010 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
Isabella F
IF
Pena
Laboratório de Biotecnologia e Marcadores Moleculares, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, CEP 31270-010 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
Evanguedes
E
Kalapothakis
Laboratório de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Av. Pará, 1720, Bl. 4C, CEP 38400-902 Uberlândia, MG, Brazil cury@umuarama.ufu.br.
Márcia C
MC
Cury
D001483:Base Sequence; D001938:Brazil; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002947:Cities; D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D005243:Feces; D005260:Female; D005784:Gene Amplification; D017125:Genes, Protozoan; D014644:Genetic Variation; D005838:Genotype; D060005:Genotyping Techniques; D016829:Giardia lamblia / Q000235:genetics*; D005873:Giardiasis / Q000469:parasitology*; D005969:Glutamate Dehydrogenase / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D033661:Oocysts; D015800:Protozoan Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D014305:Triose-Phosphate Isomerase / Q000235:genetics*
D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins; D015800:Protozoan Proteins; C038207:giardin protein, Giardia lamblia; D005969:Glutamate Dehydrogenase; D014305:Triose-Phosphate Isomerase
Children; Giardia duodenalis; Glutamate dehydrogenase; Heterogeneity; Triose phosphate isomerase; β-giardin