Longterm outcome of 886 posterior malleolar fractures: A systematic review of the literature.
BACKGROUND
The objective of the present study was to review the current data on the long-term outcomes of posterior malleolar fractures, with special emphasis on the role of the type of treatment, surgical approach, and reduction and internal fixation.


METHODS
The search was limited to skeletally mature patients. Major databases were searched from 1978 to 2014 to identify studies relating to functional outcome, subjective outcome, and radiographic evaluation at least 2 years after either surgical or conservative treatment of posterior malleolar fractures.


RESULTS
Of 68 initially relevant studies, 19 met our inclusion criteria. A total of 886 fractures were identified in 885 patients. The mean sample size-weighted follow-up period was 3.7 years. Comparable results are achieved when comparing open reduction and internal fixation to conservative treatment for posterior malleolar fractures.


CONCLUSIONS
Current consensus suggests posterior malleolar fragments comprising of >25% of the distal tibial plafond as seen on a true lateral radiograph and fragments with more than 2mm dislocation require open reduction and internal fixation of the fragment. The current consensus on treatment of posterior malleolar fractures is neither supported nor disapproved by the available evidence.
Clinical Orthopedic Research Center Midden Nederland, Utrecht, The Netherlands. Electronic address: wout.veltman@gmail.com.
Ewout S
ES
Veltman
Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Diakonessenhuis Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Jelle J
JJ
Halma
Clinical Orthopedic Research Center Midden Nederland, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Diakonessenhuis Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Arthur
A
de Gast
D064386:Ankle Fractures / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000601:surgery*; D005593:Fracture Fixation, Internal; D006801:Humans; D016896:Treatment Outcome
Ankle trauma; Posterior malleolar fracture