Medication use associated with exposure to manganese in two Ohio towns.
This report describes the use of medications as a proxy when medical record reviews are unavailable, to study the health effects of residents environmentally exposed to air-manganese (n = 185) compared to unexposed residents (n = 90). Participants' current medication lists and medication questionnaire responses were collected in clinical interviews and categorized into 13 domains. Exposed participants reported fewer hours of sleep than controls (6.6 vs. 7.0). The exposed used significantly more medications than unexposed participants (82.2 % vs. 67.8 %) and, when adjusting for age, education, and personal income, also for pain (aOR = 2.40) and hypothyroidism (aOR = 7.03). Exposed participants with higher air-Mn concentrations, monitored for 10 years by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, were 1.5 times more likely to take pain medications. The exposed participants take significantly more medications than unexposed participants in the categories of hypothyroidism, pain, supplements, and total medications.
a Department of Psychology , San Francisco State University , San Francisco , CA , USA.
Rosemarie M
RM
Bowler
a Department of Psychology , San Francisco State University , San Francisco , CA , USA.
Shane W
SW
Adams
a Department of Psychology , San Francisco State University , San Francisco , CA , USA.
Chris W
CW
Wright
b Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine , Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine , Ulsan , South Korea.
Yangho
Y
Kim
c Department of Psychiatry , University of California San Francisco , San Francisco , CA , USA.
Andrew
A
Booty
d ATSDR , Chicago , IL , USA.
Michelle
M
Colledge
a Department of Psychology , San Francisco State University , San Francisco , CA , USA.
Vihra V
VV
Gocheva
e National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory , U.S. EPA , Research Triangle Park , NC , USA.
Danelle T
DT
Lobdell
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D004363:Drug Utilization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008345:Manganese / Q000032:analysis*; D008875:Middle Aged; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D004366:Nonprescription Drugs; D009820:Ohio; D028321:Plant Preparations; D055553:Prescription Drugs; D012424:Rural Population; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
D000393:Air Pollutants; D004366:Nonprescription Drugs; D028321:Plant Preparations; D055553:Prescription Drugs; D008345:Manganese
Air; communities; heavy metals; illness; pollution