RTCR: a pipeline for complete and accurate recovery of T cell repertoires from high throughput sequencing data.
High Throughput Sequencing (HTS) has enabled researchers to probe the human T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire, which consists of many rare sequences. Distinguishing between true but rare TCR sequences and variants generated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing errors remains a formidable challenge. The conventional approach to handle errors is to remove low quality reads, and/or rare TCR sequences. Such filtering discards a large number of true and often rare TCR sequences. However, accurate identification and quantification of rare TCR sequences is essential for repertoire diversity estimation.



We devised a pipeline, called Recover TCR (RTCR), that accurately recovers TCR sequences, including rare TCR sequences, from HTS data (including barcoded data) even at low coverage. RTCR employs a data-driven statistical model to rectify PCR and sequencing errors in an adaptive manner. Using simulations, we demonstrate that RTCR can easily adapt to the error profiles of different types of sequencers and exhibits consistently high recall and high precision even at low coverages where other pipelines perform poorly. Using published real data, we show that RTCR accurately resolves sequencing errors and outperforms all other pipelines.



The RTCR pipeline is implemented in Python (v2.7) and C and is freely available at http://uubram.github.io/RTCR/along with documentation and examples of typical usage.



b.gerritsen@uu.nl.
Theoretical Biology and Bioinformatics, Utrecht University, 3584CH the Netherlands.
Bram
B
Gerritsen
Theoretical Biology and Bioinformatics, Utrecht University, 3584CH the Netherlands.
Aridaman
A
Pandit
Department of Viroscience, Rotterdam, Erasmus MC, 3000CA, the Netherlands.
Arno C
AC
Andeweg
Theoretical Biology and Bioinformatics, Utrecht University, 3584CH the Netherlands.
Rob J
RJ
de Boer
D059014:High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing; D006801:Humans; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011948:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell / Q000235:genetics*; D013601:T-Lymphocytes
D011948:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell