title: Occupational Exposure to Indium of Indium Smelter Workers.
abstract: Case reports of indium-related lung disease in workers have raised public concern to the human toxicity of indium (In) and its compounds. However, studies evaluating the exposure or health of workers in In smelting plants are rare. Therefore, in this study, we focused on four In smelting plants, with the main objective of characterizing In in smelter plants in China and discussing the potential exposure biomarkers of In exposure. We recruited 494 subjectsat four In smelting plants in China. Personal air samples, first morning urine and spot blood samples were collected. In concentrations in samples were analyzed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. In concentrations in air samples did not exceed the permissible concentration-time weighed average, but the smelter workers had a higher internal exposure to In. Positive correlations were observed between the air In and urine In concentrations, and between the air In and blood In concentrations. This study provides basic data for the following In exposure and health risk assessment.
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Occupational health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China.
authors.forename: Chun Guang
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Occupational health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China.
authors.forename: Huan Qiang
authors.initials: HQ
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063009, Hebei, China.
authors.forename: Han Bo
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Occupational health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China.
authors.forename: Zhi Hui
authors.initials: ZH
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Academy for the Prevention and Treatment of Occupational Diseases, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China.
authors.forename: Xiao Ping
authors.initials: XP
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Academy for the Prevention and Treatment of Occupational Diseases, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China.
authors.forename: Shao Se
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Occupational health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China.
authors.forename: Fu Gang
authors.initials: FG
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Occupational health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China.
authors.forename: Shi Wei
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Occupational health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China.
authors.forename: Hui Fang
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Occupational health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China.
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000395:Air Pollutants, Occupational / Q000097:blood* / Q000652:urine*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D002681:China; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007204:Indium / Q000097:blood* / Q000652:urine*; D008297:Male; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D008669:Metallurgy; D008875:Middle Aged; D016273:Occupational Exposure; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000395:Air Pollutants, Occupational; D015415:Biomarkers; D007204:Indium