title: Gender specific differences in oxidative stress and inflammatory signaling in healthy term neonates and their mothers.
abstract: Gender is a crucial determinant of life span, but little is known about gender differences in free radical homeostasis and inflammatory signaling. The aim of the study was to determine gender-related differences concerning oxidative stress and inflammatory signaling of healthy neonates and mothers.
  
  
  
  Fifty-six mothers with normal gestational course and spontaneous delivery were selected. Blood samples were collected from the mother (at the beginning of delivery and start of expulsive period) and from neonate (from umbilical cord vein and artery).
  
  
  
  The mothers of girls featured a higher total antioxidant status and lower plasma hydroperoxides than the mother of boys. Regarding the neonates, the girls featured a higher total antioxidant status and lower plasma membrane hydroperoxides in umbilical cord artery together with higher catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase activities. Lower levels of interleukin 6, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and prostaglandin E2 were observed in the mothers of girls and higher level of soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor II. In the neonates, lower levels of interleukin 6 and tumor necrosis factor alpha were observed in umbilical artery and higher soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor II in umbilical cord vein and artery of girls.
  
  
  
  An association between gender, oxidative stress, and inflammation signaling exists, leading to a renewed interest in the neonate's sex as a potential risk factor to several alterations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.|Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix Verdú", University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: Javier
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Diaz-Castro
authors.affiliation: Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix Verdú", University of Granada, Granada, Spain.|Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, University of Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pulido-Moran
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.|Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix Verdú", University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: Jorge
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Moreno-Fernandez
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.|Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix Verdú", University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: Naroa
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kajarabille
authors.affiliation: Department Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Spain.|Service of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital San Cecilio, Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: Catalina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: de Paco
authors.affiliation: Department Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Spain.|Service of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital San Cecilio, Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Garrido-Sanchez
authors.affiliation: Department Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Spain.|Service of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital San Cecilio, Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: Sonia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Prados
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.|Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix Verdú", University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: Julio J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Ochoa
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D002374:Catalase / Q000097:blood; D015232:Dinoprostone / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000097:blood; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007249:Inflammation / Q000378:metabolism*; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D009035:Mothers; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D011247:Pregnancy; D012737:Sex Factors; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000097:blood; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood; D014469:Umbilical Arteries / Q000378:metabolism; D014470:Umbilical Cord / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; C508600:IL6 protein, human; D015850:Interleukin-6; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D002374:Catalase; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D015232:Dinoprostone