title: Optimization of the Coverage and Accuracy of an Indoor Positioning System with a Variable Number of Sensors.
abstract: This paper focuses on optimal sensor deployment for indoor localization with a multi-objective evolutionary algorithm. Our goal is to obtain an algorithm to deploy sensors taking the number of sensors, accuracy and coverage into account. Contrary to most works in the literature, we consider the presence of obstacles in the region of interest (ROI) that can cause occlusions between the target and some sensors. In addition, we aim to obtain all of the Pareto optimal solutions regarding the number of sensors, coverage and accuracy. To deal with a variable number of sensors, we add speciation and structural mutations to the well-known non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA-II). Speciation allows one to keep the evolution of sensor sets under control and to apply genetic operators to them so that they compete with other sets of the same size. We show some case studies of the sensor placement of an infrared range-difference indoor positioning system with a fairly complex model of the error of the measurements. The results obtained by our algorithm are compared to sensor placement patterns obtained with random deployment to highlight the relevance of using such a deployment algorithm.
authors.affiliation: Department of Electronics, University of Alcal&#225;, Alcal&#225; de Henares E-28806, Spain. fco.domingo@depeca.uah.es.
authors.forename: Francisco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Domingo-Perez
authors.affiliation: Department of Electronics, University of Alcal&#225;, Alcal&#225; de Henares E-28806, Spain. lazaro@depeca.uah.es.
authors.forename: Jose Luis
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Lazaro-Galilea
authors.affiliation: Department of Electronics, University of Alcal&#225;, Alcal&#225; de Henares E-28806, Spain. ibravo@depeca.uah.es.
authors.forename: Ignacio
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Bravo
authors.affiliation: Department of Electronics, University of Alcal&#225;, Alcal&#225; de Henares E-28806, Spain. alfredo@depeca.uah.es.
authors.forename: Alfredo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gardel
authors.affiliation: Department of Electronics, University of Alcal&#225;, Alcal&#225; de Henares E-28806, Spain. david.rodriguez@depeca.uah.es.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rodriguez
keywords: evolutionary optimization; indoor positioning; multi-objective optimization; range-difference; sensor placement