title: Tartaric acid pathways in Vitis vinifera L. (cv. Ugni blanc): a comparative study of two vintages with contrasted climatic conditions.
abstract: The acid component of grape berries, originating in the metabolism of malate and tartrate, the latter being less well-known than the former, is a key factor at play in the microbiological stability of wines destined for distillation. Grape acidity is increasingly affected by climate changes. The ability to compare two vintages with contrasted climatic conditions may contribute to a global understanding of the regulation of acid metabolism and the future consequences for berry composition.
  
  
  
  The results of the analyses (molecular, protein, enzymatic) of tartrate biosynthesis pathways were compared with the developmental accumulation of tartrate in Ugni blanc grape berries, from floral bud to maturity. The existence of two distinct steps during this pathway was confirmed: one prior to ascorbate, with phases of VvGME, VvVTC2, VvVTC4, VvL-GalDH, VvGLDH gene expression and abundant protein, different for each vintage; the other downstream of ascorbate, leading to the synthesis of tartrate with maximum VvL-IdnDH genetic and protein expression towards the beginning of the growth process, and in correlation with enzyme activity regardless of the vintage.
  
  
  
  Overall results suggest that the two steps of this pathway do not appear to be regulated in the same way and could both be activated very early on during berry development.
authors.affiliation: Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin, Université de Bordeaux, EA 4577, Unité de recherche œnologie, France. celine.cholet@u-bordeaux.fr.|INRA, ISVV, USC INRA 1366 Œnologie, 210 Chemin de Leysotte, CS 50008, F-33882, Villenave d'Ornon, France. celine.cholet@u-bordeaux.fr.
authors.forename: Céline
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-9268-3835
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cholet
authors.affiliation: Centre Génomique Fonctionnelle, Université de Bordeaux, Plateforme Protéome, France.
authors.forename: Stéphane
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Claverol
authors.affiliation: Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin, Université de Bordeaux, EA 4577, Unité de recherche œnologie, France.|INRA, ISVV, USC INRA 1366 Œnologie, 210 Chemin de Leysotte, CS 50008, F-33882, Villenave d'Ornon, France.
authors.forename: Olivier
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Claisse
authors.affiliation: Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin, Université de Bordeaux, EA 4577, Unité de recherche œnologie, France.|INRA, ISVV, USC INRA 1366 Œnologie, 210 Chemin de Leysotte, CS 50008, F-33882, Villenave d'Ornon, France.
authors.forename: Amélie
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rabot
authors.affiliation: Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin, Université de Bordeaux, EA 4577, Unité de recherche œnologie, France.|INRA, ISVV, USC INRA 1366 Œnologie, 210 Chemin de Leysotte, CS 50008, F-33882, Villenave d'Ornon, France.
authors.forename: Audrey
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Osowsky
authors.affiliation: Bureau National Interprofessionnel du Cognac, Station Viticole, France.
authors.forename: Vincent
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Dumot
authors.affiliation: Bureau National Interprofessionnel du Cognac, Station Viticole, France.
authors.forename: Gerald
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ferrari
authors.affiliation: Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin, Université de Bordeaux, EA 4577, Unité de recherche œnologie, France.|INRA, ISVV, USC INRA 1366 Œnologie, 210 Chemin de Leysotte, CS 50008, F-33882, Villenave d'Ornon, France.
authors.forename: Laurence
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gény
mesh_terms: D002980:Climate; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D013644:Tartrates / Q000378:metabolism*; D027843:Vitis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D010940:Plant Proteins; D013644:Tartrates; C029768:tartaric acid
keywords: Ascorbate; L-idonate dehydrogenase; Tartrate; Vintage effect; Vitis vinifera L