title: Development of an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay for the determination of phenothiazine drugs in meat and animal feeds.
abstract: In this study, 2-chlorophenothiazine was used to synthesize a hapten for production of monoclonal antibody. The obtained monoclonal antibody showed high crossreactivities to chlorpromazine, promethazine and perphenazine, and showed low crossreactivities to acepromazine and fluphenazine. After evaluation of three coating antigens, a heterologous competitive indirect enzyme linked immunosorbent assay was developed to determine the five phenothiazines in animal feeds and the residues of chlorpromazine, promethazine and perphenazine in meat. The crossreactivities to the five analytes were in a range of 2.4%-98%. The limits of detection for the five drugs in feeds were in a range of 0.1-3.0 μg g-1, and that for chlorpromazine, promethazine and perphenazine in meat were in a range of 0.5-0.8 ng g-1. Their recoveries from standards fortified blank samples (chicken, pork and feeds) were in a range of 74.1%-96.5% with coefficients of variation of 6.4%-15.1%. Therefore, this method could be used as a rapid screen tool to determine phenothiazine drugs in animal feeds and animal derived foods.
authors.affiliation: a College of Veterinary Medicine, Agricultural University of Hebei , Baoding , Hebei , China.
authors.forename: Fang S
authors.initials: FS
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.affiliation: a College of Veterinary Medicine, Agricultural University of Hebei , Baoding , Hebei , China.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: a College of Veterinary Medicine, Agricultural University of Hebei , Baoding , Hebei , China.
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: a College of Veterinary Medicine, Agricultural University of Hebei , Baoding , Hebei , China.
authors.forename: Ju X
authors.initials: JX
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: a College of Veterinary Medicine, Agricultural University of Hebei , Baoding , Hebei , China.
authors.forename: Jian P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed / Q000032:analysis*; D000818:Animals; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000032:analysis* / Q000276:immunology; D002645:Chickens; D003429:Cross Reactions; D004350:Drug Residues / Q000032:analysis*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis*; D006241:Haptens / Q000032:analysis / Q000276:immunology; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D010640:Phenothiazines / Q000032:analysis*; D000069466:Red Meat / Q000032:analysis*; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D006241:Haptens; D010640:Phenothiazines
keywords: 2-Chlorophenothiazine; feeds; heterologous enzyme linked immunosorbent assay; meat; monoclonal antibody; phenothiazine drugs