title: The Effect of Phase of Menstrual Cycle on Joint Mobility in the Cervical Spine and Extremities in Nulliparous Women: A Cross-Sectional Study.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to investigate the range of motion (ROM) of various joints in women throughout the menstrual cycle to determine whether there would be a difference in the ROM between the luteal and follicular phases during extension at the fifth metacarpophalangeal joint and bilateral rotation of the cervical spine in young adult nulliparous women.
  
  
  
  Sixteen nulliparous women of childbearing age (mean age, 26 years) were recruited from the academic institution where the study was being performed. Participants were randomized into and tested during either the luteal or follicular phases of the menstrual cycle. In the following month, participants were tested in the opposite phases of the menstrual cycle. All testing was performed by a doctor of chiropractic. Differences in ROM were measured in single joint movements (fifth digit hyperextension) and in multijoint movements (bilateral cervical rotation) using an electromagnetic sensor system.
  
  
  
  No significant effects of phase were found on peak ROM of the fifth digit or during cervical spine rotation (left, right, or bilaterally), irrespective of trial.
  
  
  
  There is no difference in ROM of the cervical spine or the fifth metacarpophalangeal joint, regardless of the phase of menses, suggesting there is likely no hormonal influence on these structures during the follicular or luteal phases.
authors.affiliation: Graduate Education and Research Program, Canadian Memorial Chiropractic College, Toronto, Canada. Electronic address: cweis@cmcc.ca.
authors.forename: Carol Ann
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Weis
authors.affiliation: Graduate Education and Research Program, Canadian Memorial Chiropractic College, Toronto, Canada.
authors.forename: Diane
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Grondin
authors.affiliation: Graduate Education and Research Program, Canadian Memorial Chiropractic College, Toronto, Canada.
authors.forename: Howard
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Vernon
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002574:Cervical Vertebrae; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008597:Menstrual Cycle; D009333:Neck; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular
keywords: Cervical Vertebrae; Joint Instability; Menstrual Cycle; Safety; Spine; Upper Extremity