title: Designing Patient-facing Health Information Technologies for the Outpatient Settings: A Literature Review.
abstract: The implementation of health information technologies (HITs) has changed the dynamics of doctor-patient communication in outpatient settings. Designing patient-facing HITs provides patients with easy access to healthcare information during the visit and has the potential to enhance the patient-centred care.
  
  
  
  The objectives of this study are to systematically review how the designs of patient-facing HITs have been suggested and evaluated, and how they may potentially affect the doctor-patient communication and patient-centred care.
  
  
  
  We conducted an online database search to identify articles published before December 2014 relevant to the objectives of this study. A total of nine papers have been identified and reviewed in this study.
  
  
  
  Designing patient-facing HITs is at an early stage. The current literature has been exploring the impact of HITs on doctor-patient communication dynamics. Based on the findings of these studies, there is an emergent need to design more patient-centred HITs. There are also some papers that focus on the usability evaluation of some preliminary prototypes of the patient-facing HITs. The design styles of patient-facing HITs included sharing the health information with the patients on: (1) a separate patient display, (2) a projector, (3) a portable tablet, (4) a touch-based screen and (5) a shared computer display that can be viewed by both doctors and patients. Each of them had the strengths and limitations to facilitate the patient-centred care, and it is worthwhile to make a comparison of them in order to identify future research directions.
  
  
  
  The designs of patient-facing HITs in outpatient settings are promising in facilitating the doctor-patient communication and patient engagement. However, their effectiveness and usefulness need to be further evaluated and improved from a systems perspective.
authors.affiliation: Medical College of Wisconsin, Clemson University, USA. yuyang@mcw.edu.
authors.forename: Yushi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Medical College of Wisconsin, Clemson University, USA. oasan@mcw.edu.
authors.forename: Onur
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Asan
mesh_terms: D003142:Communication; D006801:Humans; D000073256:Information Technology; D010045:Outpatients; D018802:Patient-Centered Care; D010817:Physician-Patient Relations
keywords: EHR; Macroergonomics; Patent-facing HIT; Screen Sharing