title: Shear Stress-sensitive Carriers for Localized Drug Delivery.
abstract: Stenosis of the critical blood vessels, which occurs in a variety of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, is one of leading causes of death in the world. Vascular stenosis will significantly alter the hemodynamic features in the vessel. Hemodynamic shear stress, one of the most important physical parameters of blood flow, will be dramatically elevated at the stenotic site. When platelets flow through the constricted site, they will sense these abnormally high shear stresses, and then respond by activating, sticking to the vascular wall, and aggregating at these sites. The shear-dependent platelet activation inspired a novel targeting platform-shear stress activated drug targeting delivery. The shear-activated drug delivery systems preferentially release their content under elevated shear stress, providing a novel approach to cure various diseases, in particular, cardiovascular diseases. In this review, we, on one hand, introduced the features of hemodynamic shear stress under both physiological and pathological conditions. On the other hand, we summarized the carriers displaying sensitivity to shear stress, such as liposomes, aggregations, gels, emulsions, in addition to the factors affecting the mechanical properties of them. Lastly, the clinical applications and prospects of this novel drug targeting strategy were discussed. It is hoped that, with a better understanding of shear stress-sensitive carriers and their targeted principle, a novel targeted drug delivery strategy will be one day applied in the clinics of the future.
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xia
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China 430000.
authors.forename: Chun-Yang
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Xiong
authors.forename: Xiao-Long
authors.initials: XL
authors.lastname: Hou
authors.forename: Jian-Guo
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.forename: Wen-Qing
authors.initials: WQ
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D004337:Drug Carriers / Q000737:chemistry; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D006801:Humans; D015539:Platelet Activation; D013314:Stress, Mechanical
chemical_list: D004337:Drug Carriers