title: Assessment of the Use of Natural Materials for the Remediation of Cadmium Soil Contamination.
abstract: Rice plants accumulate cadmium (Cd2+) within the grain, increasing the danger of human exposure. Natural materials have been used in soil remediation, but few studies have examined the risks (based on the bioavailability of these metals to plants) of using these materials, so the practice remains controversial. In the present study, we evaluated the effectiveness of biochar produced from sugarcane bagasse, vermicompost (VC), vermicompost solid residue (VCR) and humin for remediation of Cd2+-contaminated soils. We characterized the interactions between these materials and Cd2+ and evaluated their capacity to alter Cd2+ availability to rice plants. Our results show that under the conditions in this study, biochar and humin were not effective for soil remediation. Although biochar had high Cd2+ retention, it was associated with high Cd2+ bioavailability and increased Cd2+ accumulation in rice plants. VC and VCR had high Cd2+ retention capacity as well as low Cd2+ availability to plants. These characteristics were especially notable for VCR, which was most effective for soil remediation. The results of our study demonstrate that in the tested materials, the bioavailability of Cd2+ to plants is related to their structural characteristics, which in turn determine their retention of Cd2+.
authors.affiliation: Soil Science Department, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ), Rodovia BR 465, Km 07, Seropédica-Rio de Janeiro, CEP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Tatiana
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: de O Pinto
authors.affiliation: Soil Science Department, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ), Rodovia BR 465, Km 07, Seropédica-Rio de Janeiro, CEP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Andrés C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: García
authors.affiliation: Soil Science Department, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ), Rodovia BR 465, Km 07, Seropédica-Rio de Janeiro, CEP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Jair do N
authors.initials: Jdo N
authors.lastname: Guedes
authors.affiliation: Soil Science Department, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ), Rodovia BR 465, Km 07, Seropédica-Rio de Janeiro, CEP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Nelson M B
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: do A Sobrinho
authors.affiliation: Soil Science Department, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ), Rodovia BR 465, Km 07, Seropédica-Rio de Janeiro, CEP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Orlando C H
authors.initials: OC
authors.lastname: Tavares
authors.affiliation: Soil Science Department, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ), Rodovia BR 465, Km 07, Seropédica-Rio de Janeiro, CEP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ricardo L L
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9133-7754
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Berbara
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D002104:Cadmium / Q000737:chemistry*; D066241:Carbon-13 Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D002606:Charcoal; D004787:Environmental Pollution; D052918:Environmental Restoration and Remediation / Q000379:methods; D006812:Humic Substances; D012275:Oryza / Q000737:chemistry; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry*; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000737:chemistry*; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared
chemical_list: D006812:Humic Substances; D012987:Soil; D012989:Soil Pollutants; C540010:biochar; C001861:humin; D002104:Cadmium; D002606:Charcoal