title: Prior history of testing for syphilis, hepatitis B and hepatitis C among a population-based cohort of HIV-positive individuals and their HIV-negative controls.
abstract: Understanding patterns of serological testing for hepatitis B & C, and syphilis among HIV-positive individuals, prior to HIV diagnosis, can inform HIV diagnosis, engagement and prevention strategies. This was a population-based, retrospective analysis of prior serological testing among HIV-positive individuals in Manitoba, Canada. HIV cases were age-, sex- and region-matched to HIV-negative controls at a 1:5 ratio. Conditional logistic regression was used to examine previous serological tests and HIV status. Odds ratios (ORs) and their 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were reported. A total of 193 cases and 965 controls were included. In the 5 years prior to diagnosis, 50% of cases had at least one test, compared to 26% of controls. Compared to those who did not have serological testing in the 5 years prior to HIV infection, those who had one serological test were at twice the odds of being HIV positive (OR: 1.9, 95% CI: 1.2-2.9), while those with 2 or more tests were at even higher odds (OR: 5.5, 95%CI: 3.7-8.4). HIV cases had higher serological testing rates. Interactions between public health and other healthcare providers should be strengthened.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Community Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, College of Medicine , University of Manitoba , Winnipeg , Canada.|b Population Health Surveillance, Population and Public Health Program , Winnipeg Regional Health Authority , Winnipeg , Canada.
authors.forename: Souradet Y
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Shaw
authors.affiliation: c Nine Circles Community Health Centre , Winnipeg , Manitoba , Canada.
authors.forename: Laurie
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ireland
authors.affiliation: a Department of Community Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, College of Medicine , University of Manitoba , Winnipeg , Canada.
authors.forename: Leigh M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: McClarty
authors.affiliation: d Manitoba Health, Healthy Living and Seniors , Winnipeg , Canada.|e Department of Medical Microbiology, College of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences , University of Manitoba , Winnipeg , Canada.
authors.forename: Carla
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Loeppky
authors.affiliation: a Department of Community Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, College of Medicine , University of Manitoba , Winnipeg , Canada.|d Manitoba Health, Healthy Living and Seniors , Winnipeg , Canada.
authors.forename: Nancy
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: a Department of Community Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, College of Medicine , University of Manitoba , Winnipeg , Canada.|e Department of Medical Microbiology, College of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences , University of Manitoba , Winnipeg , Canada.|f Cadham Provincial Laboratory , Winnipeg , Canada.
authors.forename: John L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Wylie
authors.affiliation: e Department of Medical Microbiology, College of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences , University of Manitoba , Winnipeg , Canada.|f Cadham Provincial Laboratory , Winnipeg , Canada.
authors.forename: Jared
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bullard
authors.affiliation: e Department of Medical Microbiology, College of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences , University of Manitoba , Winnipeg , Canada.|f Cadham Provincial Laboratory , Winnipeg , Canada.
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Van Caeseele
authors.affiliation: e Department of Medical Microbiology, College of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences , University of Manitoba , Winnipeg , Canada.|g Manitoba HIV Program , Winnipeg , Canada.
authors.forename: Yoav
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Keynan
authors.affiliation: g Manitoba HIV Program , Winnipeg , Canada.|h Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, College of Medicine , University of Manitoba , Winnipeg , Canada.
authors.forename: Ken
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kasper
authors.affiliation: a Department of Community Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, College of Medicine , University of Manitoba , Winnipeg , Canada.
authors.forename: James F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Blanchard
authors.affiliation: a Department of Community Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, College of Medicine , University of Manitoba , Winnipeg , Canada.|e Department of Medical Microbiology, College of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences , University of Manitoba , Winnipeg , Canada.|g Manitoba HIV Program , Winnipeg , Canada.
authors.forename: Marissa L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Becker
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D018023:HIV Seronegativity; D006679:HIV Seropositivity / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006509:Hepatitis B / Q000175:diagnosis*; D006526:Hepatitis C / Q000175:diagnosis*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008350:Manitoba; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012698:Serologic Tests / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D013587:Syphilis / Q000175:diagnosis*
keywords: HIV; public health; serology