title: A fine pointed glucose oxidase immobilized electrode for low-invasive amperometric glucose monitoring.
abstract: A low invasive type glucose sensor, which has a sensing region at the tip of a fine pointed electrode, was developed for continuous glucose monitoring. Platinum-iridium alloy electrode with a surface area of 0.045mm(2) was settled at the middle of pointed PEEK (Polyetheretherketone) tubing and was employed as sensing electrode. Electrodeposition of glucose oxidase in the presence of surfactant, Triton X-100, was performed for high-density enzyme immobilization followed by the electropolymerization of o-phenylenediamine for the formation of functional entrapping and permselective polymer membrane. Ag/AgCl film was coated on the surface of PEEK tubing as reference electrode. Amperometric responses of the prepared sensors to glucose were measured at a potential of 0.60V (vs. Ag/AgCl). The prepared electrode showed the sensitivity of 2.55μA/cm(2) mM with high linearity of 0.9986, within the glucose concentration range up to 21mM. The detection limit (S/N=3) was determined to be 0.11mM. The glucose sensor properties were evaluated in phosphate buffer solution and in vivo monitoring by the implantation of the sensors in rabbit, while conventional needle type sensors as a reference were used. The results showed that change in output current of the proposed sensor fluctuated similar with one in output current of the conventional needle type sensors, which was also in similar accordance with actual blood sugar level measured by commercially glucose meter. One-point calibration method was used to calibrate the sensor output current.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Science and Technology, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8506, Japan; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi Datong University, Datong, Shanxi 037009, China.
authors.forename: Jiang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Optical Science, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8506, Japan.
authors.forename: Pankaj
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Koinkar
authors.affiliation: Health Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Takamatsu, Kagawa 761-0395, Japan.
authors.forename: Yusuke
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fuchiwaki
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Science and Technology, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8506, Japan.
authors.forename: Mikito
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yasuzawa
mesh_terms: D001577:Benzophenones; D015374:Biosensing Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation*; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D015190:Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring / Q000295:instrumentation*; D003217:Conductometry / Q000295:instrumentation*; D004566:Electrodes; D004800:Enzymes, Immobilized / Q000737:chemistry; D004867:Equipment Design; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis; D005949:Glucose Oxidase / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D007659:Ketones / Q000737:chemistry; D009339:Needles; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000737:chemistry; D011108:Polymers; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D001577:Benzophenones; D001786:Blood Glucose; D004800:Enzymes, Immobilized; D007659:Ketones; D011108:Polymers; C063834:polyetheretherketone; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D005949:Glucose Oxidase
keywords: Continuous glucose monitoring; In vivo measurement; Low-invasive device, Glucose oxidase