title: Progesterone and nifedipine for maintenance tocolysis after arrested preterm labor: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  No treatment is recommended for routine maintenance tocolysis after an arrested preterm birth. Our present study aimed to evaluate the effect of progesterone and nifedipine as maintenance tocolysis therapy after an arrested preterm birth.
  
  
  METHODS
  For relevant studies, we systematically searched the literature in databases of PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) in the Cochrane Library. Only randomized controlled trials were included.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nine trials were included in our review. Nifedipine and progesterone were used for maintenance tocolysis. Compared to placebo treatment or no treatment, maintenance tocolysis with progesterone could significantly prolong the delivery gestational weeks [standard mean difference (SMD) 1.64; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.21, 2.07; p < 0.00001], reduce the proportion of patients with delivery before 37 weeks (risk ratio 0.63; 95% CI, 0.47, 0.83; p = 0.001), and increase the birth weight (SMD 317.71; 95% CI, 174.89, 460.53; p < 0.0001). However, no such benefits were observed after maintenance tocolysis with nifedipine. Both nifedipine and progesterone had no significant influences on the following outcomes: neonatal intensive care unit stay, proportion of neonatal intensive care unit admission, neonatal mortality, and incidence of respiratory distress syndrome.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results with maintenance tocolysis with progesterone may be useful for patients who had an episode of threatened preterm labor successfully treated with acute tocolytic therapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
authors.forename: Ming-Xia
authors.initials: MX
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
authors.forename: Xue-Mei
authors.initials: XM
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
authors.forename: Bing
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bai
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, China.
authors.forename: Ju-Xiang
authors.initials: JX
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China. Electronic address: cqqhb2012@126.com.
authors.forename: Hong-Bo
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Qi
mesh_terms: D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D060046:Maintenance Chemotherapy; D009543:Nifedipine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007752:Obstetric Labor, Premature / Q000188:drug therapy*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011374:Progesterone / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011372:Progestins / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D015145:Tocolysis / Q000379:methods*; D015149:Tocolytic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D011372:Progestins; D015149:Tocolytic Agents; D011374:Progesterone; D009543:Nifedipine
keywords: meta-analysis; nifedipine; progesterone; systematic review; tocolysis