title: Effects of S-Nitroso-N-Acetyl-Penicillamine (SNAP) on Inflammation, Lung Tissue Apoptosis and iNOS Activity in a Rabbit Model of Acute Lung Injury.
abstract: Acute lung injury is characterized by lung edema, surfactant dysfunction, and inflammation. The main goal of our study was to evaluate effects of S-nitroso-N-acetyl-penicillamine (SNAP) on migration of cells into the lung and their activation, inducible NO synthase (iNOS) activity, and apoptosis in experimental acute lung injury (ALI) in rabbits. ALI was induced by repetitive lung lavage with saline. The animals were divided into the following groups: (1) ALI without therapy, (2) lung injury treated with SNAP (ALI + SNAP), and (3) healthy animals (Control). After 5 h of ventilation, total and differential counts of cells in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were assessed. Concentrations of interleukins (IL)-1ß, IL-6, and IL-8, endogenous secretory receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (esRAGE), sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor (S1PR)3, caspase-3, and mRNA expression of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) in lung tissue and nitrite/nitrate in plasma were analyzed. In the right lung, apoptotic cells were evaluated by TUNEL assay. In the animals with ALI, higher counts of cells, mainly neutrophils, in BALF and increased production of pro-inflammatory substances were observed compared with controls. SNAP therapy reduced a leak of cells into the lung and decreased concentrations of pro-inflammatory and apoptotic markers, reduced mRNA expression of iNOS, and decreased apoptotic index in the lung.
authors.affiliation: Biomedical Center (BioMed) and Department of Physiology, Jessenius School of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mala Hora 4C, SK-03601, Martin, Slovakia.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kosutova
authors.affiliation: Biomedical Center (BioMed) and Department of Physiology, Jessenius School of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mala Hora 4C, SK-03601, Martin, Slovakia.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mikolka
authors.affiliation: Biomedical Center (BioMed) and Department of Physiology, Jessenius School of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mala Hora 4C, SK-03601, Martin, Slovakia.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kolomaznik
authors.affiliation: Department of Histology and Embryology, Jessenius School of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mala Hora 4, SK-03601, Martin, Slovakia.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Balentova
authors.affiliation: Biomedical Center (BioMed) and Department of Physiology, Jessenius School of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mala Hora 4C, SK-03601, Martin, Slovakia.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Calkovska
authors.affiliation: Biomedical Center (BioMed) and Department of Physiology, Jessenius School of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mala Hora 4C, SK-03601, Martin, Slovakia. mokra@jfmed.uniba.sk.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mokra
mesh_terms: D055371:Acute Lung Injury / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D018893:Bronchoalveolar Lavage / Q000009:adverse effects; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D007249:Inflammation / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism*; D008168:Lung / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011817:Rabbits; D026423:S-Nitroso-N-Acetylpenicillamine / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D026423:S-Nitroso-N-Acetylpenicillamine; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II
keywords: Apoptosis; Cytokines; Inflammation; Lung edema; Lung injury; Lung lavage; Oxidative stress; Surfactant; Tissue damage