title: Atmospheric deposition of inorganic nitrogen in Spanish forests of Quercus ilex measured with ion-exchange resins and conventional collectors.
abstract: Atmospheric nitrogen deposition is one of the main threats for biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. Measurement techniques like ion-exchange resin collectors (IECs), which are less expensive and time-consuming than conventional methods, are gaining relevance in the study of atmospheric deposition and are recommended to expand monitoring networks. In the present work, bulk and throughfall deposition of inorganic nitrogen were monitored in three different holm oak forests in Spain during two years. The results obtained with IECs were contrasted with a conventional technique using bottle collectors and with a literature review of similar studies. The performance of IECs in comparison with the conventional method was good for measuring bulk deposition of nitrate and acceptable for ammonium and total dissolved inorganic nitrogen. Mean annual bulk deposition of inorganic nitrogen ranged 3.09-5.43 kg N ha(-1) according to IEC methodology, and 2.42-6.83 kg N ha(-1) y(-1) using the conventional method. Intra-annual variability of the net throughfall deposition of nitrogen measured with the conventional method revealed the existence of input pulses of nitrogen into the forest soil after dry periods, presumably originated from the washing of dry deposition accumulated in the canopy. Important methodological recommendations on the IEC method and discussed, compiled and summarized.
authors.affiliation: Ecotoxicology of Air Pollution, CIEMAT, Av. Complutense 40, Ed.70, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Héctor
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: García-Gomez
authors.affiliation: LICA, Universidad de Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
authors.forename: Sheila
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Izquieta-Rojano
authors.affiliation: CREAF, Campus de Bellaterra (UAB), Edifici C, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Aguillaume
authors.affiliation: Ecotoxicology of Air Pollution, CIEMAT, Av. Complutense 40, Ed.70, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Ignacio
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: González-Fernández
authors.affiliation: Ecotoxicology of Air Pollution, CIEMAT, Av. Complutense 40, Ed.70, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Valiño
authors.affiliation: LICA, Universidad de Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Elustondo
authors.affiliation: LICA, Universidad de Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
authors.forename: Jesús M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Santamaría
authors.affiliation: Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Campus de Bellaterra, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Àvila
authors.affiliation: USDA Forest Service, Riverside, CA 92507, USA.
authors.forename: Mark E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Fenn
authors.affiliation: Ecotoxicology of Air Pollution, CIEMAT, Av. Complutense 40, Ed.70, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Rocío
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Alonso
mesh_terms: D064751:Ammonium Compounds / Q000032:analysis*; D017753:Ecosystem; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D065928:Forests; D007475:Ion Exchange Resins; D019083:Mediterranean Region; D009566:Nitrates / Q000032:analysis*; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000032:analysis; D058458:Nitrogen Cycle; D029963:Quercus; D012987:Soil; D013030:Spain
chemical_list: D064751:Ammonium Compounds; D007475:Ion Exchange Resins; D009566:Nitrates; D012987:Soil; D009584:Nitrogen
keywords: Holm oak; Mediterranean region; Methodology review; Pollution monitoring; Spain