title: Improved Manufacturing Performance of Screen Printed Carbon Electrodes through Material Formulation.
abstract: Printed carbon graphite materials are the primary common component in the majority of screen printed sensors. Screen printing allows a scalable manufacturing solution, accelerating the means by which novel sensing materials can make the transition from laboratory material to commercial product. A common bottleneck in any thick film printing process is the controlled drying of the carbon paste material. A study has been undertaken which examines the interaction between material solvent, printed film conductivity and process consistency. The study illustrates that it is possible to reduce the solvent boiling point to significantly increase process productivity while maintaining process consistency. The lower boiling point solvent also has a beneficial effect on the conductivity of the film, reducing the sheet resistance. It is proposed that this is a result of greater film stressing increasing charge percolation through greater inter particle contact. Simulations of material performance and drying illustrate that a multi layered printing provides a more time efficient manufacturing method. The findings have implications for the volume manufacturing of the carbon sensor electrodes but also have implications for other applications where conductive carbon is used, such as electrical circuits and photovoltaic devices.
authors.affiliation: SPECIFIC, College of Engineering, Swansea University, Fabian Way, SA1 8AN Swansea, UK. e.jewell@swansea.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Eifion
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Jewell
authors.affiliation: SPECIFIC, College of Engineering, Swansea University, Fabian Way, SA1 8AN Swansea, UK. b.philip@swansea.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Bruce
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Philip
authors.affiliation: SPECIFIC, College of Engineering, Swansea University, Fabian Way, SA1 8AN Swansea, UK. p.greenwood@swansea.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Greenwood
mesh_terms: D015374:Biosensing Techniques; D002244:Carbon; D004566:Electrodes; D012997:Solvents; D013818:Thermogravimetry
chemical_list: D012997:Solvents; D002244:Carbon
keywords: carbon electrodes; manufacturing; screen printing