title: Central loop of non-conventional toxin WTX from Naja kaouthia is important for interaction with nicotinic acetylcholine receptors.
abstract: 'Three-finger' toxin WTX from Naja kaouthia interacts with nicotinic and muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs and mAChRs). Mutagenesis and competition experiments with (125)I-α-bungarotoxin revealed that Arg31 and Arg32 residues from the WTX loop II are important for binding to Torpedo californica and human α7 nAChRs. Computer modeling suggested that loop II occupies the orthosteric binding site at α7 nAChR. The similar toxin interface was previously described as a major determinant of allosteric interactions with mAChRs.
authors.affiliation: Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gori 1, Moscow 119234, Russian Federation; Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, Miklukho-Maklaya Street 16/10, Moscow 117997, Russian Federation. Electronic address: ekaterina-lyukmanova@yandex.ru.
authors.forename: Ekaterina N
authors.initials: EN
authors.lastname: Lyukmanova
authors.affiliation: Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gori 1, Moscow 119234, Russian Federation; Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, Miklukho-Maklaya Street 16/10, Moscow 117997, Russian Federation.
authors.forename: Mikhail A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Shulepko
authors.affiliation: Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, Miklukho-Maklaya Street 16/10, Moscow 117997, Russian Federation; Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Institutskiy Pereulok 9, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region 141700, Russian Federation.
authors.forename: Zakhar O
authors.initials: ZO
authors.lastname: Shenkarev
authors.affiliation: Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, Miklukho-Maklaya Street 16/10, Moscow 117997, Russian Federation.
authors.forename: Igor E
authors.initials: IE
authors.lastname: Kasheverov
authors.affiliation: Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gori 1, Moscow 119234, Russian Federation; Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, Miklukho-Maklaya Street 16/10, Moscow 117997, Russian Federation.
authors.forename: Anton O
authors.initials: AO
authors.lastname: Chugunov
authors.affiliation: Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gori 1, Moscow 119234, Russian Federation; Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, Miklukho-Maklaya Street 16/10, Moscow 117997, Russian Federation.
authors.forename: Dmitrii S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Kulbatskii
authors.affiliation: Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gori 1, Moscow 119234, Russian Federation; Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, Miklukho-Maklaya Street 16/10, Moscow 117997, Russian Federation.
authors.forename: Mikhail Yu
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Myshkin
authors.affiliation: Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, Miklukho-Maklaya Street 16/10, Moscow 117997, Russian Federation.
authors.forename: Yuri N
authors.initials: YN
authors.lastname: Utkin
authors.affiliation: Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, Miklukho-Maklaya Street 16/10, Moscow 117997, Russian Federation; National Research University Higher School of Economics, Myasnitskaya ul. 20, 101000 Moscow, Russian Federation; Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Institutskiy Pereulok 9, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region 141700, Russian Federation.
authors.forename: Roman G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Efremov
authors.affiliation: Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, Miklukho-Maklaya Street 16/10, Moscow 117997, Russian Federation.
authors.forename: Victor I
authors.initials: VI
authors.lastname: Tsetlin
authors.affiliation: Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, Miklukho-Maklaya Street 16/10, Moscow 117997, Russian Federation; Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Institutskiy Pereulok 9, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region 141700, Russian Federation.
authors.forename: Alexander S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Arseniev
authors.affiliation: Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gori 1, Moscow 119234, Russian Federation; Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, Miklukho-Maklaya Street 16/10, Moscow 117997, Russian Federation.
authors.forename: Mikhail P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Kirpichnikov
authors.affiliation: Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gori 1, Moscow 119234, Russian Federation; Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, Miklukho-Maklaya Street 16/10, Moscow 117997, Russian Federation.
authors.forename: Dmitry A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Dolgikh
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D004546:Elapid Venoms / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000633:toxicity*; D006801:Humans; D016297:Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; D011978:Receptors, Nicotinic / Q000187:drug effects*; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
chemical_list: D004546:Elapid Venoms; D011978:Receptors, Nicotinic; C428174:Weak toxin, Naja
keywords: Computer modeling; Ly-6/uPAR; Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor; Site-directed mutagenesis; Snake neurotoxin; Three-finger protein