title: Maternal phthalate exposure during early pregnancy and at delivery in relation to gestational age and size at birth: A preliminary analysis.
abstract: Epidemiologic studies of in utero phthalate exposure and birth outcomes have had conflicting findings. The objective of this study was to characterize maternal phthalate exposure across pregnancy, examine associations between maternal phthalate levels and infant size and gestational age at birth, and investigate relationships between concurrent bisphenol A (BPA) and phthalate exposure and birth outcomes. Women in the Michigan Mother-Infant Pairs cohort provided urine and blood samples during their first trimester and at delivery. Urinary phthalate metabolites and serum BPA were measured at both time points, and birth weight, length, head circumference, and gestational age were recorded from medical records. Maternal DEHP metabolite concentrations were significantly higher at delivery compared to the first trimester (p<0.05), suggesting increased DEHP exposure late in pregnancy. A number of phthalate metabolites were associated with birth size and gestational age in patterns that varied by sex and timing of exposure, independent of BPA exposure.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
authors.forename: Deborah J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Watkins
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
authors.forename: Samantha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Milewski
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
authors.forename: Steven E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Domino
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
authors.forename: John D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Meeker
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.|Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.|Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
authors.forename: Vasantha
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Padmanabhan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds / Q000097:blood*; D001724:Birth Weight; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine*; D005260:Female; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D018811:Maternal Exposure; D008431:Maternal-Fetal Exchange; D008824:Michigan; D010636:Phenols / Q000097:blood*; D010795:Phthalic Acids / Q000652:urine*; D011247:Pregnancy / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D011261:Pregnancy Trimester, First / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D012737:Sex Factors; D055815:Young Adult; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds
chemical_list: D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds; D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D010636:Phenols; D010795:Phthalic Acids; C006780:bisphenol A; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds
keywords: Birth weight; Bisphenol A; Exposure; Gestational age; In utero; Phthalates