title: Uterine fibroids.
abstract: Uterine fibroids (also known as leiomyomas or myomas) are common clonal neoplasms of the uterus. Fibroids have both smooth muscle and fibroblast components, in addition to a substantial amount of fibrous extracellular matrix, which all contribute to the pathogenetic process. Fibroids are extremely heterogeneous in their pathophysiology, size, location and clinical symptomatology. They are also a part of a range of disease in which some variants have facets of malignant behaviour but overall are benign. Risk for fibroids is associated with race; black women have a higher risk of developing fibroids earlier in life than their white counterparts and also develop more-severe forms of the disease. Clinically, fibroids account for one-third to half of all hysterectomies and are associated with substantial morbidity and health care costs for women of reproductive age. Indeed, current treatments are primarily surgical and interventional; approximately three-quarters of all fibroid treatments are hysterectomies. However, clinical innovations are emerging in the use of progesterone receptor modulators as a medical therapy. New information is rapidly accumulating about the genetic subgroups that lead to fibroid formation, which might aid further understanding of the clinical heterogeneity of this disease and lead to individualized treatments. This information is a crucial development given the current lack of high-quality evidence on which to base therapeutic decisions.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Surgery, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA.
authors.forename: Elizabeth A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Stewart
authors.affiliation: Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Surgery, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA.
authors.forename: Shannon K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Laughlin-Tommaso
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
authors.forename: William H
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Catherino
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Sujata
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lalitkumar
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.|Women's Program, Monash Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.|Monash IVF, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: Devashana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.|Women's Program, Monash Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.|Monash IVF, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: Beverley
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Vollenhoven
mesh_terms: D004032:Diet / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007044:Hysterectomy / Q000379:methods; D007889:Leiomyoma / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D009017:Morbidity; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000209:etiology; D015995:Prevalence; D011788:Quality of Life / Q000523:psychology; D000069466:Red Meat / Q000009:adverse effects; D012749:Sexually Transmitted Diseases / Q000150:complications; D063186:Uterine Myomectomy / Q000379:methods