title: Periventricular Nodular Heterotopia: Detection of Abnormal Microanatomic Fiber Structures with Whole-Brain Diffusion MR Imaging Tractography.
abstract: Purpose To investigate whether it is possible in patients with periventricular nodular heterotopia (PVNH) to detect abnormal fiber projections that have only previously been reported in the histopathology literature. Materials and Methods Whole-brain diffusion-weighted (DW) imaging data from 14 patients with bilateral PVNH and 14 age- and sex-matched healthy control subjects were prospectively acquired by using 3.0-T magnetic resonance (MR) imaging between August 1, 2008, and December 5, 2012. All participants provided written informed consent. The DW imaging data were processed to generate whole-brain constrained spherical deconvolution (CSD)-based tractography data and super-resolution track-density imaging (TDI) maps. The tractography data were overlaid on coregistered three-dimensional T1-weighted images to visually assess regions of heterotopia. A panel of MR imaging researchers independently assessed each case and indicated numerically (no = 1, yes = 2) as to the presence of abnormal fiber tracks in nodular tissue. The Fleiss κ statistical measure was applied to assess the reader agreement. Results Abnormal fiber tracks emanating from one or more regions of heterotopia were reported by all four readers in all 14 patients with PVNH (Fleiss κ = 1). These abnormal structures were not visible on the tractography data from any of the control subjects and were not discernable on the conventional T1-weighted images of the patients with PVNH. Conclusion Whole-brain CSD-based fiber tractography and super-resolution TDI mapping reveals abnormal fiber projections in nodular tissue suggestive of abnormal organization of white matter (with abnormal fibers both within nodules and projecting to the surrounding white matter) in patients with bilateral PVNH.©RSNA, 2016.
authors.affiliation: From the Imaging Division, Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne Brain Centre, 245 Burgundy St, Melbourne, Australia 3084 (S.F., J.D.T., F.C., S.M., I.E.S., G.D.J., A.C.); Department of Medical Imaging and Radiation Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia (S.F., M.E.S.); Department of Medicine, Austin Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia (J.D.T., F.C., G.D.J., A.C.); Department of Biomedical Engineering (J.D.T.) and Centre for the Developing Brain (J.D.T.), King's College London, London, England; Departments of Radiology (S.M.) and Paediatrics (S.M., I.E.S.), Royal Children's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; and Epilepsy Research Centre, Department of Medicine, Austin Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia (R.B., S.F.B., I.E.S.).
authors.forename: Shawna
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Farquharson
authors.affiliation: From the Imaging Division, Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne Brain Centre, 245 Burgundy St, Melbourne, Australia 3084 (S.F., J.D.T., F.C., S.M., I.E.S., G.D.J., A.C.); Department of Medical Imaging and Radiation Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia (S.F., M.E.S.); Department of Medicine, Austin Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia (J.D.T., F.C., G.D.J., A.C.); Department of Biomedical Engineering (J.D.T.) and Centre for the Developing Brain (J.D.T.), King's College London, London, England; Departments of Radiology (S.M.) and Paediatrics (S.M., I.E.S.), Royal Children's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; and Epilepsy Research Centre, Department of Medicine, Austin Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia (R.B., S.F.B., I.E.S.).
authors.forename: J-Donald
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Tournier
authors.affiliation: From the Imaging Division, Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne Brain Centre, 245 Burgundy St, Melbourne, Australia 3084 (S.F., J.D.T., F.C., S.M., I.E.S., G.D.J., A.C.); Department of Medical Imaging and Radiation Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia (S.F., M.E.S.); Department of Medicine, Austin Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia (J.D.T., F.C., G.D.J., A.C.); Department of Biomedical Engineering (J.D.T.) and Centre for the Developing Brain (J.D.T.), King's College London, London, England; Departments of Radiology (S.M.) and Paediatrics (S.M., I.E.S.), Royal Children's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; and Epilepsy Research Centre, Department of Medicine, Austin Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia (R.B., S.F.B., I.E.S.).
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Calamante
authors.affiliation: From the Imaging Division, Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne Brain Centre, 245 Burgundy St, Melbourne, Australia 3084 (S.F., J.D.T., F.C., S.M., I.E.S., G.D.J., A.C.); Department of Medical Imaging and Radiation Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia (S.F., M.E.S.); Department of Medicine, Austin Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia (J.D.T., F.C., G.D.J., A.C.); Department of Biomedical Engineering (J.D.T.) and Centre for the Developing Brain (J.D.T.), King's College London, London, England; Departments of Radiology (S.M.) and Paediatrics (S.M., I.E.S.), Royal Children's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; and Epilepsy Research Centre, Department of Medicine, Austin Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia (R.B., S.F.B., I.E.S.).
authors.forename: Simone
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mandelstam
authors.affiliation: From the Imaging Division, Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne Brain Centre, 245 Burgundy St, Melbourne, Australia 3084 (S.F., J.D.T., F.C., S.M., I.E.S., G.D.J., A.C.); Department of Medical Imaging and Radiation Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia (S.F., M.E.S.); Department of Medicine, Austin Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia (J.D.T., F.C., G.D.J., A.C.); Department of Biomedical Engineering (J.D.T.) and Centre for the Developing Brain (J.D.T.), King's College London, London, England; Departments of Radiology (S.M.) and Paediatrics (S.M., I.E.S.), Royal Children's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; and Epilepsy Research Centre, Department of Medicine, Austin Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia (R.B., S.F.B., I.E.S.).
authors.forename: Rosemary
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Burgess
authors.affiliation: From the Imaging Division, Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne Brain Centre, 245 Burgundy St, Melbourne, Australia 3084 (S.F., J.D.T., F.C., S.M., I.E.S., G.D.J., A.C.); Department of Medical Imaging and Radiation Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia (S.F., M.E.S.); Department of Medicine, Austin Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia (J.D.T., F.C., G.D.J., A.C.); Department of Biomedical Engineering (J.D.T.) and Centre for the Developing Brain (J.D.T.), King's College London, London, England; Departments of Radiology (S.M.) and Paediatrics (S.M., I.E.S.), Royal Children's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; and Epilepsy Research Centre, Department of Medicine, Austin Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia (R.B., S.F.B., I.E.S.).
authors.forename: Michal E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Schneider
authors.affiliation: From the Imaging Division, Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne Brain Centre, 245 Burgundy St, Melbourne, Australia 3084 (S.F., J.D.T., F.C., S.M., I.E.S., G.D.J., A.C.); Department of Medical Imaging and Radiation Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia (S.F., M.E.S.); Department of Medicine, Austin Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia (J.D.T., F.C., G.D.J., A.C.); Department of Biomedical Engineering (J.D.T.) and Centre for the Developing Brain (J.D.T.), King's College London, London, England; Departments of Radiology (S.M.) and Paediatrics (S.M., I.E.S.), Royal Children's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; and Epilepsy Research Centre, Department of Medicine, Austin Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia (R.B., S.F.B., I.E.S.).
authors.forename: Samuel F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Berkovic
authors.affiliation: From the Imaging Division, Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne Brain Centre, 245 Burgundy St, Melbourne, Australia 3084 (S.F., J.D.T., F.C., S.M., I.E.S., G.D.J., A.C.); Department of Medical Imaging and Radiation Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia (S.F., M.E.S.); Department of Medicine, Austin Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia (J.D.T., F.C., G.D.J., A.C.); Department of Biomedical Engineering (J.D.T.) and Centre for the Developing Brain (J.D.T.), King's College London, London, England; Departments of Radiology (S.M.) and Paediatrics (S.M., I.E.S.), Royal Children's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; and Epilepsy Research Centre, Department of Medicine, Austin Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia (R.B., S.F.B., I.E.S.).
authors.forename: Ingrid E
authors.initials: IE
authors.lastname: Scheffer
authors.affiliation: From the Imaging Division, Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne Brain Centre, 245 Burgundy St, Melbourne, Australia 3084 (S.F., J.D.T., F.C., S.M., I.E.S., G.D.J., A.C.); Department of Medical Imaging and Radiation Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia (S.F., M.E.S.); Department of Medicine, Austin Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia (J.D.T., F.C., G.D.J., A.C.); Department of Biomedical Engineering (J.D.T.) and Centre for the Developing Brain (J.D.T.), King's College London, London, England; Departments of Radiology (S.M.) and Paediatrics (S.M., I.E.S.), Royal Children's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; and Epilepsy Research Centre, Department of Medicine, Austin Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia (R.B., S.F.B., I.E.S.).
authors.forename: Graeme D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Jackson
authors.affiliation: From the Imaging Division, Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne Brain Centre, 245 Burgundy St, Melbourne, Australia 3084 (S.F., J.D.T., F.C., S.M., I.E.S., G.D.J., A.C.); Department of Medical Imaging and Radiation Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia (S.F., M.E.S.); Department of Medicine, Austin Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia (J.D.T., F.C., G.D.J., A.C.); Department of Biomedical Engineering (J.D.T.) and Centre for the Developing Brain (J.D.T.), King's College London, London, England; Departments of Radiology (S.M.) and Paediatrics (S.M., I.E.S.), Royal Children's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; and Epilepsy Research Centre, Department of Medicine, Austin Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia (R.B., S.F.B., I.E.S.).
authors.forename: Alan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Connelly
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D038524:Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D056324:Diffusion Tensor Imaging; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D064448:Filamins / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics; D054091:Periventricular Nodular Heterotopia / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: C578663:FLNA protein, human; D064448:Filamins