title: Fine-tuning autophagy: from transcriptional to posttranslational regulation.
abstract: Macroautophagy (hereafter called autophagy) is a vacuolar lysosomal pathway for degradation of intracellular material in eukaryotic cells. Autophagy plays crucial roles in tissue homeostasis, in adaptation to stress situations, and in immune and inflammatory responses. Alteration of autophagy is associated with cancer, diabetes and obesity, cardiovascular disease, neurodegenerative disease, autoimmune disease, infection, and chronic inflammatory disease. Autophagy is controlled by autophagy-related (ATG) proteins that act in a coordinated manner to build up the initial autophagic vacuole named the autophagosome. It is now known that the activities of ATG proteins are modulated by posttranslational modifications such as phosphorylation, ubiquitination, and acetylation. Moreover, transcriptional and epigenetic controls are involved in the regulation of autophagy in stress situations. Here we summarize and discuss how posttranslational modifications and transcriptional and epigenetic controls regulate the involvement of autophagy in the proteostasis network.
authors.affiliation: Institut Necker-Enfants Malades, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1151-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 8253, Paris, France; Université Paris Diderot-Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; and.
authors.forename: Joëlle
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Botti-Millet
authors.affiliation: Institut Necker-Enfants Malades, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1151-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 8253, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Anna Chiara
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Nascimbeni
authors.affiliation: Institut Necker-Enfants Malades, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1151-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 8253, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Nicolas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Dupont
authors.affiliation: Institut Necker-Enfants Malades, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1151-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 8253, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Etienne
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Morel
authors.affiliation: Institut Necker-Enfants Malades, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1151-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 8253, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France patrice.codogno@inserm.fr.
authors.forename: Patrice
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Codogno
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001343:Autophagy / Q000235:genetics*; D044127:Epigenesis, Genetic / Q000235:genetics; D006706:Homeostasis / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D011499:Protein Processing, Post-Translational / Q000235:genetics*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*
keywords: acetylation; macroautophagy; phosphorylation; posttranslational modifications; transcription; ubiquitination