title: Pediatric Resident Workload Intensity and Variability.
abstract: Research on resident workloads has focused primarily on the quantity of hours worked, rather than the content of those hours or the variability among residents. We hypothesize that there are statistically significant variations in resident workloads and better understanding of workload intensity could improve resident education.
  
  
  
  The Stanford Children's Health research database was queried for all electronic notes and orders written by pediatric residents from June 2012 to March 2014. The dataset was narrowed to ensure an accurate comparison among residents. A survey was used to determine residents' self-perceived workload intensity. Variability of total notes written and orders entered was analyzed by χ(2) test and a Monte Carlo simulation. Linear regression was used to analyze the correlation between note-writing and order-entry workload intensity.
  
  
  
  A total of 20 280 notes and 112 214 orders were written by 26 pediatric interns during 6 core rotations between June 2012 and June 2013. Both order-entry and note-writing workload intensity showed highly significant (P < .001) variability among residents. "High workload" residents, defined as the top quartile of total workload intensity, wrote 91% more orders and 19% more notes than "low workload" residents in the bottom quartile. Statistically significant correlation was observed between note-writing and order-entry workload intensity (R(2) = 0.22; P = .02). There was no significant correlation between residents' self-perceived workload intensity and their objective workload.
  
  
  
  Significant variations in workload exist among pediatric residents. This may contribute to heterogeneous educational opportunities, physician wellness, and quality of patient care.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, and awas@stanford.edu.
authors.forename: Adam
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Was
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, and Divisions of Hospital Medicine and.
authors.forename: Rebecca
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Blankenburg
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, and Gastroenterology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California.
authors.forename: K T
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Park
mesh_terms: D007396:Internship and Residency / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D010372:Pediatrics; D016526:Workload / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*