title: Successful treatment of atrial flutter by repeated intraperitoneal and intra-amniotic injections of amiodarone in a fetus with hydrops.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We report a case of nonimmune hydrops fetalis caused by atrial flutter, which was successfully treated by intraperitoneal and intra-amniotic injections of amiodarone.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 27-year-old woman presented at 30 weeks of pregnancy with hydrops fetalis caused by a fetal atrial flutter. As the transplacental passage of antiarrhythmic agents is impaired in hydrops fetalis, we chose direct treatment using fetal intraperitoneal and intra-amniotic injections (75-300 mg) of amiodarone. We managed to successfully convert the fetal atrial flutter to normal sinus rhythm. The woman delivered a live female baby at 33 weeks of gestation with normal sinus rhythm and neurological development.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Intrauterine antiarrhythmic treatment can reduce perinatal morbidity and mortality. This report suggests that direct fetal therapy using intraperitoneal or intra-amniotic injections of amiodarone constitutes an effective treatment for atrial flutter in cases of hydrops fetalis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Pei-Hsuan
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Hsin-Hung
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Horng-Der
authors.initials: HD
authors.lastname: Tsai
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan. Electronic address: 40129@cch.org.tw.
authors.forename: Charles Tsung-Che
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Hsieh
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000638:Amiodarone / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000650:Amnion; D000889:Anti-Arrhythmia Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D001282:Atrial Flutter / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015160:Hydrops Fetalis / Q000209:etiology*; D007274:Injections, Intraperitoneal; D011247:Pregnancy
chemical_list: D000889:Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; D000638:Amiodarone
keywords: amiodarone; fetal atrial flutter; fetal direct treatment; hydrops fetalis