title: Flexible modulation of risk attitude during decision-making under quota.
abstract: Risk attitude is often regarded as an intrinsic parameter in the individual personality. However, ethological studies reported state-dependent strategy optimization irrespective of individual preference. To synthesize the two contrasting literatures, we developed a novel gambling task that dynamically manipulated the quota severity (required outcome to clear the task) in a course of choice trials and conducted a task-fMRI study in human participants. The participants showed their individual risk preference when they had no quota constraint ('individual-preference mode'), while they adopted state-dependent optimal strategy when they needed to achieve a quota ('strategy-optimization mode'). fMRI analyses illustrated that the interplay among prefrontal areas and salience-network areas reflected the quota severity and the utilization of the optimal strategy, shedding light on the neural substrates of the quota-dependent risk attitude. Our results demonstrated the complex nature of risk-sensitive decision-making and may provide a new perspective for the understanding of problematic risky behaviors in human.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, 54 Shogoin-Kawara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; Department of Functional Brain Imaging, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, QST, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan.
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fujimoto
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, 54 Shogoin-Kawara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; Department of Functional Brain Imaging, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, QST, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan. Electronic address: hidehiko@kuhp.kyoto-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Hidehiko
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Takahashi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001290:Attitude; D001921:Brain / Q000502:physiology*; D001931:Brain Mapping; D003657:Decision Making / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D005717:Games, Experimental; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012306:Risk; D012309:Risk-Taking; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Decision-making; Ethology; Quota; Risk; fMRI