title: JAK-STAT signaling in cancer: From cytokines to non-coding genome.
abstract: In the past decades, studies of the Janus kinases (JAKs) and signal transducers and activators of transcription (STATs) signaling have uncovered highly conserved programs linking cytokine signaling to the regulation of essential cellular mechanisms such as proliferation, invasion, survival, inflammation and immunity. Inhibitors of the JAK/STAT pathway are used for treatment of autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis or psoriasis. Aberrant JAK/STAT signaling has been identified to contribute to cancer progression and metastatic development. Targeting of JAK/STAT pathway is currently one of the most promising therapeutic strategies in prostate cancer (PCa), hematopoietic malignancies and sarcomas. Notably, newly identified regulators of JAK/STAT signaling, the non-coding RNAs transcripts and their role as important targets and potential clinical biomarkers are highlighted in this review. In addition to the established role of the JAK/STAT signaling pathway in traditional cytokine signaling the non-coding RNAs add yet another layer of hidden regulation and function. Understanding the crosstalk of non-coding RNA with JAK/STAT signaling in cancer is of critical importance and may result in better patient stratification not only in terms of prognosis but also in the context of therapy.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria. Electronic address: jan.pencik@meduniwien.ac.at.
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pencik
authors.affiliation: Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Ha Thi Thanh
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Pham
authors.affiliation: Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Johannes
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Schmoellerl
authors.affiliation: Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Tahereh
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Javaheri
authors.affiliation: Clinical Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Department for Pathology of Laboratory Animals, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Michaela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schlederer
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
authors.forename: Zoran
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Culig
authors.affiliation: Clinical Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Olaf
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Merkel
authors.affiliation: Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Moriggl
authors.affiliation: Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Florian
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Grebien
authors.affiliation: Clinical Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Department for Pathology of Laboratory Animals, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria. Electronic address: lukas.kenner@meduniwien.ac.at.
authors.forename: Lukas
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kenner
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism*; D016678:Genome; D006801:Humans; D053612:Janus Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000628:therapy; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000628:therapy; D022661:RNA, Untranslated / Q000378:metabolism*; D050791:STAT Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism*; D012509:Sarcoma / Q000378:metabolism / Q000628:therapy; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D022661:RNA, Untranslated; D050791:STAT Transcription Factors; D053612:Janus Kinases
keywords: Hematopoietic malignancies; JAK/STAT signaling; Non-coding RNAs; Prostate cancer; Sarcomas