title: Multiple myeloma and family history of lymphohaematopoietic cancers: Results from the International Multiple Myeloma Consortium.
abstract: Family clusters of multiple myeloma (MM) suggest disease heritability. Nevertheless, patterns of inheritance and the importance of genetic versus environmental risk factors in MM aetiology remain unclear. We pooled data from eleven case-control studies from the International Multiple Myeloma Consortium to characterize the association of MM risk with having a first-degree relative with a history of a lympho-haematapoietic cancer. Unconditional logistic regression models, adjusted for study, sex, age and education level, were used to estimate associations between MM risk and having a first-degree relative with a history of non-Hodgkin lymphoma, Hodgkin lymphoma, leukaemia or MM. Sex, African American race/ethnicity and age were explored as effect modifiers. A total of 2843 cases and 11 470 controls were included. MM risk was elevated in association with having a first-degree relative with any lympho-haematapoietic cancer (Odds Ratio (OR) = 1·29, 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 1·08-1·55). The association was particularly strong for having a first-degree relative with MM (OR = 1·90, 95% CI: 1·26-2·87), especially among men (OR = 4·13, 95% CI: 2·17-7·85) and African Americans (OR = 5·52, 95% CI: 1·87-16·27).These results support the hypothesis that genetic inheritance plays a role in MM aetiology. Future studies are warranted to characterize interactions of genetic markers with environmental exposures.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Drexel University Dornsife School of Public Health, Philadelphia, PA, USA. lhs36@drexel.edu.
authors.forename: Leah H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Schinasi
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Public Health, Birmingham, AL, USA.
authors.forename: Elizabeth E
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.affiliation: Division of Hematology and Hematologic Malignancies, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
authors.forename: Nicola J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Camp
authors.affiliation: Division of Cancer Etiology, Department of Population Sciences, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Sophia S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Jonathan N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Hofmann
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
authors.forename: Brian C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Chiu
authors.affiliation: Institute for Study and Prevention of Cancer, Unit of Environmental and Occupational Health, Florence, Italy.
authors.forename: Lucia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Miligi
authors.affiliation: Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Laura E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Beane Freeman
authors.affiliation: Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: de Sanjose
authors.affiliation: Division of Cancer Etiology, Department of Population Sciences, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Leslie
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bernstein
authors.affiliation: INSERM U1153 Epidemiology and Biostatistics Sorbonne Paris Cité Centre (CRESS), Epidemiology of childhood and adolescent cancers team (EPICEA), Villejuif, France.|Paris-Descartes University, UMRS-1153, Epidemiology and Biostatistics Sorbonne Paris Cité Centre (CRESS), Paris, France.
authors.forename: Alain
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Monnereau
authors.affiliation: INSERM U1153 Epidemiology and Biostatistics Sorbonne Paris Cité Centre (CRESS), Epidemiology of childhood and adolescent cancers team (EPICEA), Villejuif, France.|Paris-Descartes University, UMRS-1153, Epidemiology and Biostatistics Sorbonne Paris Cité Centre (CRESS), Paris, France.
authors.forename: Jacqueline
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Clavel
authors.affiliation: Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
authors.forename: Guido J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Tricot
authors.affiliation: Division of Hematology and Hematologic Malignancies, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
authors.forename: Djordje
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Atanackovic
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Occupational Health Section, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.
authors.forename: Pierluigi
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Cocco
authors.affiliation: INSERM U1153 Epidemiology and Biostatistics Sorbonne Paris Cité Centre (CRESS), Epidemiology of childhood and adolescent cancers team (EPICEA), Villejuif, France.|Paris-Descartes University, UMRS-1153, Epidemiology and Biostatistics Sorbonne Paris Cité Centre (CRESS), Paris, France.
authors.forename: Laurent
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Orsi
authors.affiliation: Canadian Centre for Health and Safety in Agriculture, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, USA.
authors.forename: James A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Dosman
authors.affiliation: Public Health Ontario, Toronto, ON, USA.
authors.forename: John R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: McLaughlin
authors.affiliation: Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Mark P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Purdue
authors.affiliation: Departments of Preventive Medicine and Pathology, USC Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Wendy
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Cozen
authors.affiliation: Cancer Control Research, BC Cancer Agency, School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
authors.forename: John J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Spinelli
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Drexel University Dornsife School of Public Health, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Anneclaire J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: de Roos
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005006:Ethnicity; D005190:Family; D005260:Female; D019337:Hematologic Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009101:Multiple Myeloma / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D016017:Odds Ratio; D044469:Racial Groups; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors
keywords: epidemiology; family history; lympho-haematopoietic malignancies; lymphoma; multiple myeloma