title: Effects of visceral adipose tissue reduction on CVD risk factors independent of weight loss: The Look AHEAD study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine if the reduction of visceral adipose tissue (VAT) volume by lifestyle intervention improved risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) independent of weight loss amount.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ancillary study of randomized-controlled trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data analysis using multivariable regression models.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants of the Look AHEAD (Action for HEAlth in Diabetes) Fatty Liver Ancillary Study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Correlations between changes in VAT and in CVD risk factors, while adjusting for weight loss and treatment (intensive lifestyle intervention [ILI] vs. diabetes support and education [DSE]).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 100 participants analyzed, 52% were women, and 36% were black, with a mean age of 61.1 years. In the DSE group, mean weight and VAT changed by 0.1 % (p=0.90) and 4.3% (p=0.39), respectively. In the ILI group, mean weight and VAT decreased by 8.0% (p<0.001) and 7.7% (p=0.01), respectively. Across both groups, mean weight decreased by 3.6% (p<0.001), and mean VAT decreased by 1.2% (p=0.22); the decrease in VAT was correlated with the increase in HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C; R=-0.37; p=0.03). There were no correlations between changes in VAT and blood pressure, triglycerides, LDL-C, glucose, or HbA1c. After adjusting for age, race, gender, baseline metabolic values, fitness, and treatment group, changes in HDL-C were not associated with changes in VAT, while weight changes were independently associated with decrease in glucose, HbA1c, and increase in HDL-C.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  VAT reduction was not correlated with improvements of CVD risk factors in a sample of overweight and obese adults with type 2 diabetes after adjusting for weight loss.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Preventive and Social Medicine , Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University , Bangkok , Thailand.|b Department of Internal Medicine , Bassett Medical Center and Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons , Cooperstown , NY , USA.|c The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health , Baltimore , MD , USA.
authors.forename: Anawin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sanguankeo
authors.affiliation: d Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine , The Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore , MD , USA.|e The Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, Prevention, and Clinical Research , Baltimore , MD , USA.
authors.forename: Mariana
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lazo
authors.affiliation: a Department of Preventive and Social Medicine , Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University , Bangkok , Thailand.|b Department of Internal Medicine , Bassett Medical Center and Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons , Cooperstown , NY , USA.
authors.forename: Sikarin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Upala
authors.affiliation: f Medicine and Epidemiology, The Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore , MD.
authors.forename: Frederick L
authors.initials: FL
authors.lastname: Brancati
authors.affiliation: g The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore , MD , USA.
authors.forename: Susanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bonekamp
authors.affiliation: h Weill-Cornell Medicine , Houston , TX , USA.
authors.forename: Henry J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Pownall
authors.affiliation: i Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Baylor College of Medicine , Houston , TX , USA.
authors.forename: Ashok
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Balasubramanyam
authors.affiliation: c The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health , Baltimore , MD , USA.|e The Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, Prevention, and Clinical Research , Baltimore , MD , USA.|g The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore , MD , USA.
authors.forename: Jeanne M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Clark
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000517:prevention & control; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D050152:Intra-Abdominal Fat / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood / Q000628:therapy; D050177:Overweight / Q000097:blood* / Q000628:therapy; D010353:Patient Education as Topic; D012307:Risk Factors; D040242:Risk Reduction Behavior; D015431:Weight Loss / Q000502:physiology*
keywords: Cardiovascular disease; VAT; visceral adipose tissue; weight loss