title: Precision test for precision medicine: opportunities, challenges and perspectives regarding pre-eclampsia as an intervention window for future cardiovascular disease.
abstract: Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) comprise a spectrum of syndromes that range in severity from gestational hypertension and pre-eclamplsia (PE) to eclampsia, as well as chronic hypertension and chronic hypertension with superimposed PE. HDP occur in 2% to 10% of pregnant women worldwide, and impose a substantial burden on maternal and fetal/infant health. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in women. The high prevalence of non-obstructive coronary artery disease and the lack of an efficient diagnostic workup make the identification of CVD in women challenging. Accumulating evidence suggests that a previous history of PE is consistently associated with future CVD risk. Moreover, PE as a maladaptation to pregnancy-induced hemodynamic and metabolic stress may also be regarded as a "precision" testing result that predicts future cardiovascular risk. Therefore, the development of PE provides a tremendous, early opportunity that may lead to changes in maternal and infant future well-being. However, the underlying pathogenesis of PE is not precise, which warrants precision medicine-based approaches to establish a more precise definition and reclassification. In this review, we proposed a stage-specific, PE-targeted algorithm, which may provide novel hypotheses that bridge the gap between Big Data-generating approaches and clinical translational research in terms of PE prediction and prevention, clinical treatment, and long-term CVD management.
authors.affiliation: Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Target Organ Injury, Pingjin Hospital Heart Center, Logistics University of PAPF Tianjin 300162, China.
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Guangdong Women and Children Hospital Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 511400, China.
authors.forename: Jian-Min
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Niu
authors.affiliation: Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Target Organ Injury, Pingjin Hospital Heart Center, Logistics University of PAPF Tianjin 300162, China.
authors.forename: Wen-Jie
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Ji
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA.
authors.forename: Zhuoli
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland Newfoundland and Labrador, 300 Prince Phillip Drive, Canada.
authors.forename: Peizhong P
authors.initials: PP
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Stanford University Palo Alto, California, 94305, USA.
authors.forename: Xue-Feng B
authors.initials: XF
authors.lastname: Ling
authors.affiliation: Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Target Organ Injury, Pingjin Hospital Heart Center, Logistics University of PAPF Tianjin 300162, China.
authors.forename: Yu-Ming
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Li
keywords: Pre-eclampsia; cardiac stress test; cardiovascular risk; hypertensive disorders in pregnancy; precision medicine