title: Self-Reported Sleep Duration, Napping, and Incident Heart Failure: Prospective Associations in the British Regional Heart Study.
abstract: To examine the associations between self-reported nighttime sleep duration and daytime sleep and incident heart failure (HF) in men with and without preexisting cardiovascular disease (CVD).
  
  
  
  Population-based prospective study.
  
  
  
  General practices in 24 British towns.
  
  
  
  Men aged 60-79 without prevalent HF followed for 9 years (N = 3,723).
  
  
  
  Information on incident HF cases was obtained from primary care records. Assessment of sleep was based on self-reported sleep duration at night and daytime napping.
  
  
  
  Self-reported short nighttime sleep duration and daytime sleep of longer than 1 hour were associated with preexisting CVD, breathlessness, depression, poor health, physical inactivity, and manual social class. In all men, self-reported daytime sleep of longer than 1 hour duration was associated with significantly greater risk of HF after adjustment for potential confounders (adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) = 1.69, 95% CI = 1.06-2.71) than in those who reported no daytime napping. Self-reported nighttime sleep duration was not associated with HF risk except in men with preexisting CVD (<6 hours: aHR = 2.91, 95% CI = 1.31-6.45; 6 hours: aHR = 1.89, 95% CI = 0.89-4.03; 8 hours: aHR = 1.29, 95% CI = 0.61-2.71; ≥9 hours: aHR = 1.80, 905% CI = 0.71-4.61 vs nighttime sleep of 7 hours). Snoring was not associated with HF risk.
  
  
  
  Self-reported daytime napping of longer than 1 hour is associated with greater risk of HF in older men. Self-reported short sleep (<6 hours) in men with CVD is associated with particularly high risk of developing HF.
authors.affiliation: Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University College, London, United Kingdom. g.wannamethee@ucl.ac.uk.
authors.forename: S Goya
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Wannamethee
authors.affiliation: Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University College, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Olia
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Papacosta
authors.affiliation: Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University College, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Lucy
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lennon
authors.affiliation: Population Health Research Institute, St George's, University of London, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Peter H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Whincup
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D002940:Circadian Rhythm; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D058006:General Practice; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D057566:Self Report; D000070263:Sleep Hygiene; D012913:Snoring / Q000453:epidemiology; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D006113:United Kingdom
keywords: daytime sleep; heart failure; sleep duration