title: Adiponectin and Mortality in Smokers and Non-Smokers of the Ludwigshafen Risk and Cardiovascular Health (LURIC) Study.
abstract: Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are an important cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. A decreased concentration of adiponectin has been reported in smokers. The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of cigarette smoking on the concentration of adiponectin and potassium in active smokers (AS) and life-time non-smokers (NS) of the Ludwigshafen Risk and Cardiovascular Health (LURIC) Study, and the use of these two markers for risk prediction. Smoking status was assessed by a questionnaire and measurement of plasma cotinine concentration. The serum concentration of adiponectin was measured by ELISA. Adiponectin was binned into tertiles separately for AS and NS and the Cox regression was used to assess the effect on mortality. There were 777 AS and 1178 NS among the LURIC patients. Within 10 years (median) of follow-up 221 AS and 302 NS died. In unadjusted analyses, AS had lower concentrations of adiponectin. However, after adjustment for age and gender there was no significant difference in adiponectin concentration between AS and NS. In the Cox regression model adjusted for age and gender, adiponectin was significantly associated with mortality in AS, but not in NS, with hazard ratio (95 % CI) of 1.60 (1.14-2.24) comparing the third with first tertile. In a model further adjusted for the risk factors, such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension, coronary artery disease, body mass index, LDL-cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol, adiponectin was significantly associated with mortality with hazard ratio of 1.83 (1.28-2.62) and 1.56 (1.15-2.11) for AS and NS, respectively. We conclude that increased adiponectin is a strong and independent predictor of mortality in both AS and NS. The determination of adiponectin concentration could be used to identify individuals at increased mortality risk.
authors.affiliation: Fifth Department of Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Graciela E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Delgado
authors.affiliation: Drug Regulatory Affairs, Pharmaceutical Institute, Bonn University, Bonn, Germany.
authors.forename: Rüdiger
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Siekmeier
authors.affiliation: Fifth Department of Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.|Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Graz Medical University, Graz, Austria.|Synlab Academy, Synlab Services LLC, Mannheim, Germany.
authors.forename: Winfried
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: März
authors.affiliation: Fifth Department of Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany. marcus.kleber@medma.iim-heidelberg.de.|Competence Cluster of Nutrition and Cardiovascular Health (nutriCARD), Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany. marcus.kleber@medma.iim-heidelberg.de.|Institute of Nutrition, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany. marcus.kleber@medma.iim-heidelberg.de.|Mannheim Institute for Public Health, Social- and Preventive Medicine, 7-11 Ludolf-Krehl-St, 68167, Mannheim, Germany. marcus.kleber@medma.iim-heidelberg.de.
authors.forename: Marcus E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Kleber
mesh_terms: D052242:Adiponectin / Q000097:blood*; D000368:Aged; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology* / Q000401:mortality; D003367:Cotinine / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D011188:Potassium / Q000097:blood; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000097:blood* / Q000401:mortality; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D052242:Adiponectin; D003367:Cotinine; D011188:Potassium
keywords: Adipokines; Biochemical markers; Cardiovascular disease; Mortality; Risk factors; Smoking