title: Sorghum Dw1, an agronomically important gene for lodging resistance, encodes a novel protein involved in cell proliferation.
abstract: Semi-dwarfing genes have contributed to enhanced lodging resistance, resulting in increased crop productivity. In the history of grain sorghum breeding, the spontaneous mutation, dw1 found in Memphis in 1905, was the first widely used semi-dwarfing gene. Here, we report the identification and characterization of Dw1. We performed quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis and cloning, and revealed that Dw1 encodes a novel uncharacterized protein. Knockdown or T-DNA insertion lines of orthologous genes in rice and Arabidopsis also showed semi-dwarfism similar to that of a nearly isogenic line (NIL) carrying dw1 (NIL-dw1) of sorghum. A histological analysis of the NIL-dw1 revealed that the longitudinal parenchymal cell lengths of the internode were almost the same between NIL-dw1 and wildtype, while the number of cells per internode was significantly reduced in NIL-dw1. NIL-dw1dw3, carrying both dw1 and dw3 (involved in auxin transport), showed a synergistic phenotype. These observations demonstrate that the dw1 reduced the cell proliferation activity in the internodes, and the synergistic effect of dw1 and dw3 contributes to improved lodging resistance and mechanical harvesting.
authors.affiliation: Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Furou-cho, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan.
authors.forename: Miki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yamaguchi
authors.affiliation: Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Furou-cho, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan.
authors.forename: Haruka
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fujimoto
authors.affiliation: Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Furou-cho, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan.
authors.forename: Ko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hirano
authors.affiliation: Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Furou-cho, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan.
authors.forename: Satoko
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Araki-Nakamura
authors.affiliation: Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Furou-cho, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan.
authors.forename: Kozue
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ohmae-Shinohara
authors.affiliation: Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Furou-cho, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan.
authors.forename: Akihiro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fujii
authors.affiliation: Plant Innovation Center, Japan Tobacco Inc., Iwata, Shizuoka 438-0802, Japan.
authors.forename: Masako
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tsunashima
authors.affiliation: Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Furou-cho, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan.
authors.forename: Xian Jun
authors.initials: XJ
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Furou-cho, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan.
authors.forename: Yusuke
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.affiliation: Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Furou-cho, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan.
authors.forename: Rie
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nagae
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8602, Japan.
authors.forename: Jianzhong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8602, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mizuno
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8602, Japan.
authors.forename: Jun-Ichi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yonemaru
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8602, Japan.
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Matsumoto
authors.affiliation: Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Furou-cho, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan.
authors.forename: Hidemi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kitano
authors.affiliation: Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Furou-cho, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan.
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Matsuoka
authors.affiliation: Education and Research Center of Alpine Field Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Shinshu University, Minamiminowa, Nagano 399-4598, Japan.
authors.forename: Shigemitsu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kasuga
authors.affiliation: Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Furou-cho, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan.
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sazuka
mesh_terms: D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002874:Chromosome Mapping; D003001:Cloning, Molecular / Q000379:methods*; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D040641:Quantitative Trait Loci; D045868:Sorghum / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D010940:Plant Proteins