title: Endocytic Control of Cellular Signaling at the Primary Cilium.
abstract: Primary cilia are dynamic signaling organelles that project from the cell surface to sense diverse chemical, physical and morphogenetic cues. Ciliary defects therefore cause diseases (ciliopathies) that affect multiple organs in developing and adult organisms. Cilia-mediated signaling involves the orchestrated movement of signaling proteins in and out of the ciliary compartment, including movement of receptors such as the Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) receptor Patched 1 (PTCH1), Smoothened (SMO), and various other G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), as well as transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) receptors I and II (TGF-β-RI/II). We provide here a current understanding of trafficking events associated with cilia-mediated signaling, with emphasis on the involvement of clathrin-dependent receptor-mediated endocytosis in regulating ciliary Shh and TGF-β signaling.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 13, 2100 Copenhagen OE, Denmark. Electronic address: lbpedersen@bio.ku.dk.
authors.forename: Lotte B
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Pedersen
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 13, 2100 Copenhagen OE, Denmark.
authors.forename: Johanne B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Mogensen
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 13, 2100 Copenhagen OE, Denmark. Electronic address: stchristensen@bio.ku.dk.
authors.forename: Søren T
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Christensen
mesh_terms: D002923:Cilia / Q000378:metabolism*; D004705:Endocytosis; D053823:Hedgehog Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D053823:Hedgehog Proteins; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta
keywords: TGF-β; cellular signaling; clathrin; endocytosis; primary cilia; sonic hedgehog