title: Computer simulation of skin color based on a multilayered skin model.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Melanin and hemoglobin are major cutaneous chromophores related to skin color. The purpose of this study was to develop a computer simulation system that demonstrates how skin color changes following changes in the amount and distribution of these chromophores.
  
  
  METHODS
  The optical theory of a multilayered skin model was used for simulation of skin color. Optical parameter values necessary for this model were estimated with a videomicroscope interfaced with a computer by analyzing videoimages of in vitro cutaneous components. The reflectance values of the model containing varying amounts of melanin and hemoglobin were predicted and the corresponding color was displayed. The results were compared with actual reflectance and color of various skin lesions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Variations in the color of epidermal pigmentary disorders were especially well simulated by this system. The more complex colors of lesions associated with dermal melanocytosis, such as nevus of Ota, were demonstrated by inserting a melanin layer in the dermis of the model.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This system may be a useful tool for demonstrating the relationship between skin color and the amount and distribution of major cutaneous chromophores.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of Tokushima, Tokushima, Japan.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Takiwaki
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of Tokushima, Tokushima, Japan.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kanno
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of Tokushima, Tokushima, Japan.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Miyaoka
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of Tokushima, Tokushima, Japan.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Arase
keywords: computer simulation; reflectance; skin color; videomicroscopy