title: Comparison of Individual and Combined Effects of Four Endocrine Disruptors on Estrogen Receptor Beta Transcription in Cerebellar Cell Culture: The Modulatory Role of Estradiol and Triiodo-Thyronine.
abstract: Humans and animals are continuously exposed to a number of environmental substances that act as endocrine disruptors (EDs). While a growing body of evidence is available to prove their adverse health effects, very little is known about the consequences of simultaneous exposure to a combination of such chemicals;
  
  
  
  Here, we used an in vitro model to demonstrate how exposure to bisphenol A, zearalenone, arsenic, and 4-methylbenzylidene camphor, alone or in combination, affect estrogen receptor β (ERβ) mRNA expression in primary cerebellar cell cultures. Additionally, we also show the modulatory role of intrinsic biological factors, such as estradiol (E2), triiodo-thyronine (T3), and glial cells, as potential effect modulators;
  
  
  
  RESULTS show a wide diversity in ED effects on ERβ mRNA expression, and that the magnitude of these ED effects highly depends on the presence or absence of E2, T3, and glial cells;
  
  
  
  The observed potency of the EDs to influence ERβ mRNA expression, and the modulatory role of E2, T3, and the glia suggests that environmental ED effects may be masked as long as the hormonal milieu is physiological, but may tend to turn additive or superadditive in case of hormone deficiency.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Szent Istvan Faculty University of Veterinary Sciences, Budapest 1078, Hungary. jocsak.gergely@aotk.szie.hu.
authors.forename: Gergely
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Jocsak
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Szent Istvan Faculty University of Veterinary Sciences, Budapest 1078, Hungary. kiss.david@aotk.szie.hu.
authors.forename: David Sandor
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Kiss
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Szent Istvan Faculty University of Veterinary Sciences, Budapest 1078, Hungary. toth.istvan@aotk.szie.hu.
authors.forename: Istvan
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Toth
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Szent Istvan Faculty University of Veterinary Sciences, Budapest 1078, Hungary. goszleth.greta@aotk.szie.hu.
authors.forename: Greta
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Goszleth
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Szent Istvan Faculty University of Veterinary Sciences, Budapest 1078, Hungary. bartha.tibor@aotk.szie.hu.
authors.forename: Tibor
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Bartha
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Szent Istvan Faculty University of Veterinary Sciences, Budapest 1078, Hungary. frenyo.laszlo@aotk.szie.hu.
authors.forename: Laszlo V
authors.initials: LV
authors.lastname: Frenyo
authors.affiliation: Section of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA. tamas.horvath@yale.edu.
authors.forename: Tamas L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Horvath
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Szent Istvan Faculty University of Veterinary Sciences, Budapest 1078, Hungary. zsarnovszky.attila@mkk.szie.hu.|Section of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA. zsarnovszky.attila@mkk.szie.hu.|Department of Animal Physiology and Animal Health, Szent Istvan Faculty University of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Godollo 2100, Hungary. zsarnovszky.attila@mkk.szie.hu.
authors.forename: Attila
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zsarnovszky
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds / Q000378:metabolism; D002164:Camphor / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000378:metabolism; D002478:Cells, Cultured / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism*; D002531:Cerebellum / Q000378:metabolism*; D052244:Endocrine Disruptors / Q000378:metabolism*; D004958:Estradiol / Q000378:metabolism; D047628:Estrogen Receptor alpha / Q000378:metabolism*; D047629:Estrogen Receptor beta / Q000378:metabolism*; D004968:Estrogens, Non-Steroidal / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010636:Phenols / Q000378:metabolism; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013970:Thyronines / Q000378:metabolism; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds
chemical_list: D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds; D002164:Camphor; D052244:Endocrine Disruptors; D004958:Estradiol; D047628:Estrogen Receptor alpha; D047629:Estrogen Receptor beta; D004968:Estrogens, Non-Steroidal; D010636:Phenols; D013970:Thyronines; C038939:enzacamene; C006780:bisphenol A; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds
keywords: arsenic; bisphenol A; camphor; combined treatment; estrogen receptor beta; transcription; zearalenone