title: Major dietary patterns in relation to demographic and socio-economic status and food insecurity in two Iranian ethnic groups living in Urmia, Iran.
abstract: To identify major dietary patterns and their association with socio-economic status (SES) and food insecurity in two major ethnic groups living in Urmia, north-west Iran.
  
  
  
  A cross-sectional study.
  
  
  
  All four geographical zones of Urmia city.
  
  
  
  Participants (n 723; 427 women and 296 men), aged 20-64 years, from two ethnic groups (445 Azeri Turks and 278 Kurds).
  
  
  
  Three major dietary patterns were extracted: 'Traditional High SES' (THS), 'Traditional Low SES' (TLS) and 'Transitional'. After adjusting for confounders, the THS pattern was positively associated with education level and negatively associated with moderate or severe food insecurity in Azeri Turks; whereas, among Kurds, it was more common in women and positively associated with age. The TLS pattern was more common among men and negatively associated with educational level and all levels of food insecurity in Azeris; while, among Kurds, it was more common among men, positively associated with being married and negatively associated with household income/capita. The 'Transitional' pattern was positively associated with being employed and negatively associated with age and all levels of food insecurity in Azeris; while, among Kurds, it was more common among men and negatively associated with age, being married and physical activity level.
  
  
  
  Findings suggest that household SES and food insecurity are associated with detrimental dietary patterns and that this effect may be stronger than cultural and ethnic background. These patterns differ by age and gender. Therefore, such characteristics should be considered in planning and formulating diet-related policies and programmes.
authors.affiliation: 1Department of Community Nutrition,National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology,Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences and Health Services,No. 46 Hafezi Street,Farahzadi Boulevard,Shahrak Ghods,PO Box 1981619573,Tehran,Islamic Republic of Iran.
authors.forename: Arezoo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rezazadeh
authors.affiliation: 1Department of Community Nutrition,National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology,Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences and Health Services,No. 46 Hafezi Street,Farahzadi Boulevard,Shahrak Ghods,PO Box 1981619573,Tehran,Islamic Republic of Iran.
authors.forename: Nasrin
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Omidvar
authors.affiliation: 1Department of Community Nutrition,National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology,Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences and Health Services,No. 46 Hafezi Street,Farahzadi Boulevard,Shahrak Ghods,PO Box 1981619573,Tehran,Islamic Republic of Iran.
authors.forename: Hassan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Eini-Zinab
authors.affiliation: 3Department of Demography, Faculty of Social Science,Tehran University,Tehran,Islamic Republic of Iran.
authors.forename: Mahmoud
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ghazi-Tabatabaie
authors.affiliation: 4Knowledge Utilization Research Center,Tehran University of Medical Sciences,Tehran,Islamic Republic of Iran.
authors.forename: Reza
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Majdzadeh
authors.affiliation: 5Nutrition Sciences Department, Faculty of Medicine,Urmia University of Medical Sciences,Urmia,Islamic Republic of Iran.
authors.forename: Saeid
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ghavamzadeh
authors.affiliation: 6Food and Beverages Safety Research Center,Urmia University of Medical Sciences,Urmia,Islamic Republic of Iran.
authors.forename: Sakineh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nouri-Saeidlou
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003710:Demography; D004032:Diet / Q000208:ethnology*; D005006:Ethnicity; D005260:Female; D005523:Food Supply; D006801:Humans; D007492:Iran; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors
keywords: Dietary patterns; Ethnicity; Food insecurity; Socio-economic status; Urmia