title: Temperature-Responsive Smart Nanocarriers for Delivery Of Therapeutic Agents: Applications and Recent Advances.
abstract: Smart drug delivery systems (DDSs) have attracted the attention of many scientists, as carriers that can be stimulated by changes in environmental parameters such as temperature, pH, light, electromagnetic fields, mechanical forces, etc. These smart nanocarriers can release their cargo on demand when their target is reached and the stimulus is applied. Using the techniques of nanotechnology, these nanocarriers can be tailored to be target-specific, and exhibit delayed or controlled release of drugs. Temperature-responsive nanocarriers are one of most important groups of smart nanoparticles (NPs) that have been investigated during the past decades. Temperature can either act as an external stimulus when heat is applied from the outside, or can be internal when pathological lesions have a naturally elevated termperature. A low critical solution temperature (LCST) is a special feature of some polymeric materials, and most of the temperature-responsive nanocarriers have been designed based on this feature. In this review, we attempt to summarize recent efforts to prepare innovative temperature-responsive nanocarriers and discuss their novel applications.
authors.affiliation: Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital , Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States.
authors.forename: Mahdi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Karimi
authors.affiliation: Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology (RCPN), Tabriz University of Medical Science (TUOMS) , Tabriz, Iran.|Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Sharif University of Technology , Azadi Avenue, 14588 Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Parham
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sahandi Zangabad
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Sharif University of Technology , Azadi Avenue, 14588 Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Alireza
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ghasemi
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Sharif University of Technology , Azadi Avenue, 14588 Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Amiri
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Sharif University of Technology , Azadi Avenue, 14588 Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohsen
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bahrami
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Kharazmi University of Tehran , Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Hedieh
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Malekzad
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Sharif University of Technology , Azadi Avenue, 14588 Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Hadi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ghahramanzadeh Asl
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Material Science and Engineering, University of Montana , Missoula, Montana 59812, United States.
authors.forename: Zahra
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Mahdieh
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Chemistry, Central Branch of Islamic Azad University of Tehran , Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Mahnaz
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bozorgomid
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Sharif University of Technology , Azadi Avenue, 14588 Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Amir
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ghasemi
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Sharif University of Technology , Azadi Avenue, 14588 Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammad Reza
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Rahmani Taji Boyuk
authors.affiliation: Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital , Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States.|Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States.|Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States.
authors.forename: Michael R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Hamblin
mesh_terms: D004337:Drug Carriers; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D053758:Nanoparticles; D011108:Polymers; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D004337:Drug Carriers; D011108:Polymers
keywords: LCST/UCST behavior; anticancer delivery; characterization; dual/multi responsive; gene delivery; smart drug delivery systems; synthesis; temperature-responsive nanocarriers