title: A Reversible Isolated Lesion in the Splenium of Corpus Callosum in a Patient with Probable Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome -- Case Report.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A reversible isolated lesion in the splenium of the corpus callosum (SCC) is rare. We present such a case in a young female patient with neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) and elaborate on its proposed pathophysiology and the possible differential diagnoses.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 28-year-old female was on neuropsychiatric treatment (clozapine) for schizoaffective disorder. NMS was diagnosed based on the clinical presentation of fever, mental status change (with disorientation and visual hallucination), generalized muscular rigidity (catatonic signs), tremor, and markedly increased creatine phosphokinase (1824 U/l) after 10-day administration of clozapine. The SCC lesion had a "boomerang" appearance and high signal intensity on the initial T2-weighted, T2 fluid attenuated inversion recovery, and diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance images, and decreased apparent diffusion coefficient values. The follow-up magnetic resonance imaging 12 weeks later showed complete resolution of the SCC lesion.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A reversible isolated SCC lesion is a distinct clinicoradiological syndrome of varied etiology. The changes may occur in certain psychiatric patients with NMS and most patients with epilepsy and encephalitis. The etiological mechanism remains uncertain and enigmatic, but the neurological course and outcome are good.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Chiayi, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chieh-Tsung
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Yeh
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Chiayi, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chin-Hua
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Fu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003337:Corpus Callosum / Q000473:pathology*; D038524:Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D009459:Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*