title: Changes in Oral Vowel Sounds and Hyoid Bone Movement After Thyroidectomy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Voice and speech alterations after total thyroidectomy may be associated with other extralaryngeal factors, such as neck muscle dysfunction and neck scar contracture. We evaluated the acoustic characteristics of oral vowel sounds and changes in hyoid bone movement before and after thyroidectomy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-nine female patients undergoing total thyroidectomy were included. Fundamental frequencies (Fo), formants and vowel space areas were evaluated before surgery and 7 days and 3 months after surgery to acoustically analyze the oral vowel sounds. Videofluoroscopic images were taken at the same times to evaluate hyoid bone movement.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The Fo levels of seven vowels decreased significantly after surgery. The vowel formant changes the F1 of vowel /[e]/ decreased significantly from baseline at 3 months postoperatively, and the F3 of vowel /[i]/ decreased significantly from baseline 7 days postoperatively. The change in the vowel space area was not observed. The Y coordinate of the vowels /[i]/ and /[e]/ decreased significantly from baseline 7 days postoperatively due to changes in hyoid movement.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The damage to the neck muscles after thyroidectomy changes in Fo, formant and hyoid bone position. These quantitative results could be used as basic data for voice management in patients who undergo thyroidectomy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea.|Speech Therapy, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea.
authors.forename: Ki Hwan
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.affiliation: Speech Therapy, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea.
authors.forename: Woo Seok
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Speech Therapy, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea.
authors.forename: Min Ju
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea.
authors.forename: Jong Seok
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea.
authors.forename: Baek Hwa
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Han
keywords: Hyoid Bone Movement; Oral Vowel; Thyroidectomy