title: From Clozapine to Cognitive Remediation.
abstract: Although a minority of persons with schizophrenia (SCZ) commits violent acts, SCZ remains a risk factor for violence. Here, we present a broad overview of evidence-based treatments for violence in SCZ, including biological and psychosocial interventions.
  
  
  
  We conducted MEDLINE and PsychINFO literature searches to retrieve articles relating to treatments for violent, hostile, or aggressive behaviours in SCZ.
  
  
  
  Clozapine shows the strongest evidence for treating the acute violence of SCZ. Other atypical antipsychotics also possess antiaggressive effects, although the evidence is not as robust as that for clozapine. Psychosocial treatments can be useful adjuncts to pharmacotherapy once patients' positive symptoms have stabilized. Cognitive behavioural therapy for psychosis and cognitive remediation are 2 psychosocial interventions that have demonstrated positive outcomes for violence in SCZ. Most psychosocial studies that examined violence as an outcome were conducted in forensic psychiatric settings.
  
  
  
  Effective treatments exist for persons with SCZ who pose a risk for violent and aggressive behaviour, although the overall evidence base remains relatively weak. More randomized controlled trials of programs showing evidence for reduction of violence in SCZ are required. Further research should delineate which patients could benefit from multimodal treatment and where and when such treatments are optimally delivered.
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario.
authors.forename: Jason
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Quinn
authors.affiliation: 2 Complex Mental Illness Program, Forensic Service, Violence Prevention Neurobiological Research Unit, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario.|3 Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario.|4 Centre for Criminology and Sociolegal Studies, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario.
authors.forename: Nathan J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Kolla
mesh_terms: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003024:Clozapine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015928:Cognitive Behavioral Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D000072466:Cognitive Remediation / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D014754:Violence / Q000517:prevention & control
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D003024:Clozapine
keywords: aggression; schizophrenia; treatment; violence