title: Averaged EEG spike dipole analysis may predict atypical outcome in Benign Childhood Epilepsy with Centrotemporal Spikes (BCECTS).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Benign Childhood Epilepsy with Centrotemporal Spikes (BCECTS) is the most common childhood idiopathic focal epilepsy with a good outcome. However, an increasing number of reports suggest a 'not so benign' outcome showing atypical evolution.
  
  
  METHODS
  We analyzed the electroencephalographic (EEG) spike source dipoles of BCECTS patients to compare patients with confirmed typical and atypical outcome showing intractable epilepsy and cognitive decline. Thirty-seven patients that were diagnosed for BCECTS and whose clinical information was sufficient enough to confirm long-term outcome were included in the study. Eight patients (22%, 7 patients for poor seizure control and 1 patient for cognitive decline) were classified as showing atypical outcome. Forty-seven averaged spike dipole sources were analyzed using the single equivalent current dipole (ECD) method. The inverse problem was solved using the 4 shells ellipsoidal model.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The coordinate value of yoridiffered significantly between the two groups (mean±standard deviation, 0.32±0.33 for the typical group and -0.33±0.77 for the atypical group, P<0.001). These findings suggest that the averaged spike source dipoles were oriented anteriorly in patients with typical outcome and posteriorly in patients with atypical outcome. Spike source dipoles seemed to be located higher in patients with atypical presentation but this finding was insignificant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We can conclude that there are significant differences in spike source dipole in patients with BCECTS that shows atypical outcome, and we can use this finding as a marker for predicting an outcome at the time of diagnosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hunmin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Il Han
authors.initials: IH
authors.lastname: Yoo
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Clinical Neuroscience Center, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Byung Chan
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: neuroandy@snubh.org.
authors.forename: Hee
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Clinical Neuroscience Center, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jong-Hee
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Chae
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, SMG-SNU Boramae Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jieun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Clinical Neuroscience Center, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Ki Joong
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D001921:Brain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004569:Electroencephalography / Q000379:methods*; D019305:Epilepsy, Rolandic / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011379:Prognosis; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: Benign Childhood Epilepsy with Centrotemporal Spikes; Benign rolandic epilepsy; Dipole source analysis; Orientation; Spike