title: Aronia melanocarpa Concentrate Ameliorates Pro-Inflammatory Responses in HaCaT Keratinocytes and 12-O-Tetradecanoylphorbol-13-Acetate-Induced Ear Edema in Mice.
abstract: Abnormal expression of pro-inflammatory mediators such as cell adhesion molecules and cytokines has been implicated in various inflammatory skin diseases, including atopic dermatitis. In this study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory activity of Aronia melanocarpa concentrate (AC) and its action mechanisms using in vivo and in vitro skin inflammation models. Topical application of AC on mouse ears significantly suppressed 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced ear edema formation, as judged by measuring ear thickness and weight, and histological analysis. Topical administration of AC also reduced the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 in TPA-stimulated mouse ears. Pretreatment with AC suppressed TNF-α-induced ICAM-I expression and subsequent monocyte adhesiveness in human keratinocyte cell line HaCaT. In addition, AC significantly decreased intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation as well as mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation in TNF-α-stimulated HaCaT cells. AC and its constituent cyanidin 3-glucoside also attenuated TNF-α-induced IKK activation, IκB degradation, p65 phosphorylation/nuclear translocation, and p65 DNA binding activity in HaCaT cells. Overall, our results indicate that AC exerts anti-inflammatory activities by inhibiting expression of pro-inflammatory mediators in vitro and in vivo possibly through suppression of ROS-MAPK-NF-κB signaling pathways. Therefore, AC may be developed as a therapeutic agent to treat various inflammatory skin diseases.
authors.forename: Ah Ra
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Goh
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University , Chuncheon, Korea.
authors.forename: Gi Soo
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Youn
authors.affiliation: 2 Department of Oral Anatomy, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University , Gangneung, Korea.
authors.forename: Ki-Yeon
authors.initials: KY
authors.lastname: Yoo
authors.affiliation: 3 Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University , Chuncheon, Korea.
authors.forename: Moo Ho
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Won
authors.affiliation: 4 Department of Life Science, Hallym University , Chuncheon, Korea.
authors.forename: Sang-Zin
authors.initials: SZ
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: 5 Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hallym University , Chuncheon, Korea.
authors.forename: Soon Sung
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University , Chuncheon, Korea.
authors.forename: Keun Wook
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University , Chuncheon, Korea.
authors.forename: Soo Young
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University , Chuncheon, Korea.
authors.forename: Jinseu
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Park
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects; D002460:Cell Line; D003872:Dermatitis / Q000188:drug therapy; D004423:Ear; D004487:Edema / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry*; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000235:genetics; D015603:Keratinocytes; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System / Q000187:drug effects; D051379:Mice; D009000:Monocytes; D046936:Photinia; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; C090509:Icam1 protein, mouse; D010936:Plant Extracts; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate
keywords: Aronia melanocarpa; ICAM-1; TNF-α; TPA; cytokines; edema; inflammation; keratinocyte