title: An Overview and Future Perspectives of Aluminum Batteries.
abstract: A critical overview of the latest developments in the aluminum battery technologies is reported. The substitution of lithium with alternative metal anodes characterized by lower cost and higher abundance is nowadays one of the most widely explored paths to reduce the cost of electrochemical storage systems and enable long-term sustainability. Aluminum based secondary batteries could be a viable alternative to the present Li-ion technology because of their high volumetric capacity (8040 mAh cm(-3) for Al vs 2046 mAh cm(-3) for Li). Additionally, the low cost aluminum makes these batteries appealing for large-scale electrical energy storage. Here, we describe the evolution of the various aluminum systems, starting from those based on aqueous electrolytes to, in more details, those based on non-aqueous electrolytes. Particular attention has been dedicated to the latest development of electrolytic media characterized by low reactivity towards other cell components. The attention is then focused on electrode materials enabling the reversible aluminum intercalation-deintercalation process. Finally, we touch on the topic of high-capacity aluminum-sulfur batteries, attempting to forecast their chances to reach the status of practical energy storage systems.
authors.affiliation: Technische Universität Berlin, Research Center of Microperipheric Technologies, Gustav-Meyer-Allee 25, 13355, Berlin, Germany. elia@tu-berlin.de.
authors.forename: Giuseppe Antonio
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Elia
authors.affiliation: Technische Universität Berlin, Research Center of Microperipheric Technologies, Gustav-Meyer-Allee 25, 13355, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Krystan
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Marquardt
authors.affiliation: Technische Universität Berlin, Research Center of Microperipheric Technologies, Gustav-Meyer-Allee 25, 13355, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Katrin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hoeppner
authors.affiliation: Solvionic SA, Chemin de la Loge, CS 27813, 31078, Toulouse, France.
authors.forename: Sebastien
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fantini
authors.affiliation: Solvionic SA, Chemin de la Loge, CS 27813, 31078, Toulouse, France.
authors.forename: Rongying
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: LEITAT Technological Center, C/ de la Innovació, 2 08225, Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Etienne
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Knipping
authors.affiliation: DECHEMA-Forschungsinstitut, Theodor-Heuss-Allee 25, 60486, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
authors.forename: Willi
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Peters
authors.affiliation: DECHEMA-Forschungsinstitut, Theodor-Heuss-Allee 25, 60486, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
authors.forename: Jean-Francois
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Drillet
authors.affiliation: Helmholtz Institute Ulm (HIU), Helmholtzstrasse 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany. stefano.passerini@kit.edu.|Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), P.O. Box 3640, 76021, Karlsruhe, Germany. stefano.passerini@kit.edu.
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Passerini
authors.affiliation: Fraunhofer IZM, Gustav-Meyer-Allee 25, 13355, Berlin, Germany. robert.hahn@izm.fraunhofer.de.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hahn
keywords: aluminum batteries; batteries; cathodes; electrolytes; energy storage