title: Acute augmentation for interstitial insufficiency of the posterior cruciate ligament. A two to five year clinical and radiographic study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  there is need to ascertain clinical and imaging outcomes after posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) augmentation.
  
  
  METHODS
  we performed a retrospective analysis of clinical, imaging and functional data on 21 physically active males who underwent arthroscopic trans-tibial augmentation of the PCL for symptomatic grade III PCL insufficiency. The average follow-up time was 50 months (24-60 months). The Lysholm knee score was administered to all the patients, ligament laxity was evaluated with the posterior drawer test, the KT-1000 arthrometer, and the anteromedial tibial step-off. Standing antero-posterior, lateral and Merchant's view radiographs were taken preoperatively and at annual follow-up.
  
  
  RESULTS
  post-operatively, ligament laxity and Lysholm knee scores were significantly improved than at baseline. Sixteen patients (73%) returned to pre-injury sport activity level, 3 patients (14%) returned to a lower level, 2 had to stop. We found radiographic degenerative changes in 5 of 22 affected knees (23%), with evidence of a statistically significant association between the occurrence of degenerative changes and the interval time from injury to surgery and duration of the follow up.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  arthroscopic transtibial single bundle autograft hamstring augmentation significantly improves the function of the knee, with an overall satisfactory outcome of 82% at 2-5 years from surgery.
authors.affiliation: Asia Medical Specialists, Hong Kong.
authors.forename: Terence Wai-Kit
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.affiliation: Asia Medical Specialists, Hong Kong.
authors.forename: Chi-Chung
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Kong
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Hospital Vaio, Fidenza, Italy.
authors.forename: Angelo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Del Buono
authors.affiliation: Department of Musculoskeletal Disorders, University of Salerno School of Medicine, Salerno, Italy; Centre for Sports and Exercise Medicine, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Mile End Hospital, London, UK.
authors.forename: Nicola
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Maffulli
keywords: PCL; arthroscopic augmentation; clinical outcomes; imaging