title: The Influence of Plantar Short Foot Muscle Exercises on Foot Posture and Fundamental Movement Patterns in Long-Distance Runners, a Non-Randomized, Non-Blinded Clinical Trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of two kinds of plantar short foot muscles exercise on foot posture and fundamental movement patterns in long-distance runners.
  
  
  METHODS
  A parallel group non-blinded trial with 6-week follow-up.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty five long-distance runners aged 22-35 years. They were divided into two groups. In group 1 (n = 13) subjects performed the exercise "Vele's Forward Lean" and "Reverse Tandem Gait" and in Group 2 (n = 12) the "Short Foot Exercise." The runners performed the exercises daily for 6 weeks. The Foot Posture Index (FPI-6) and The Functional Movement Screen (FMS) tests were performed twice: at baseline and after 6 weeks of the exercise.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A significant improvement was observed in FPI -6 (talar head palpation in Group 1, and inversion/eversion of the calcaneus in Group 2). Also in Group 1 a significant improvement was noted in FMS tests: deep squat, active straight leg raise and in total score.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Short foot muscles strengthening exercises have beneficial effect on functional movement patterns and on foot posture, therefore they should be included as a part of daily training program of runners.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12615001200572.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Rehabilitation, University of Physical Education in Krakow, Krakow, Poland.
authors.forename: Iwona
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Sulowska
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Rehabilitation, University of Physical Education in Krakow, Krakow, Poland.|Zen Machines Poland, Łańcut, Poland.
authors.forename: Łukasz
authors.initials: Ł
authors.lastname: Oleksy
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Rehabilitation, University of Physical Education in Krakow, Krakow, Poland.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mika
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology and Anatomy, The Josef Pilsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw, Faculty of Physical Education in Biala Podlaska, Biala Podlaska, Poland.
authors.forename: Dorota
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bylina
authors.affiliation: Foreign Languages Department, The Josef Pilsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw, Faculty of Physical Education in Biala Podlaska, Biala Podlaska, Poland.
authors.forename: Jarosław
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sołtan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D056352:Athletes; D015444:Exercise; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005528:Foot / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000502:physiology*; D011187:Posture; D012420:Running; D055815:Young Adult