title: Risk factors associated with RSV hospitalisation in the first 2 years of life, among different subgroups of children in NSW: a whole-of-population-based cohort study.
abstract: Data on risk factors for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)-associated hospitalisation in Australian children may be informative for preventive measures.
  
  
  
  A whole-of-population-based study was conducted to identify comparable risk factors for RSV hospitalisation in different subgroups of children aged <2 years in New South Wales. The cohort was divided into Indigenous children and high-risk and standard risk non-Indigenous children. Data on risk factors were obtained from the Perinatal Data Collection. RSV hospitalisations were ascertained from the Admitted Patient Data Collection. Adjusted HRs were calculated for each subgroup. Population-attributable risk associated with risk factors was estimated.
  
  
  
  Four factors were associated with increased risk of RSV hospitalisation: maternal smoking during pregnancy, male sex, multiparity and birth during the first half of the RSV season. Increase in relative socioeconomic advantage was associated with decreased risk of hospitalisation. Among high and standard risk non-Indigenous children, the hazard was approximately double for children born to multiparous women compared to those born to primiparous women and among Indigenous children the hazard was approximately double among those born during the first half of the RSV season. Maternal smoking during pregnancy was associated with a 26-45% increased risk across subgroups and accounted for 17% (95% CI 9.3% to 24%) of RSV hospitalisations in Indigenous children, 5% (95% CI 2.5% to 8%) in high-risk and 6% (95% 5% to 7%) in standard risk non-Indigenous children.
  
  
  
  Promoting avoidance of smoking during pregnancy may help in lowering the disease burden, with Indigenous children likely to benefit most.
authors.affiliation: Discipline of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, School of Women's and Children's Health, UNSW Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
authors.forename: Nusrat
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Homaira
authors.affiliation: Discipline of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, School of Women's and Children's Health, UNSW Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
authors.forename: Kylie-Ann
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Mallitt
authors.affiliation: Discipline of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, School of Women's and Children's Health, UNSW Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia Department of Newborn Care, Royal Hospital for Women, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia.
authors.forename: Ju-Lee
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Oei
authors.affiliation: Discipline of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, School of Women's and Children's Health, UNSW Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia National Perinatal Epidemiology & Statistics Unit, Centre for Big Data Research in Health UNSW Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
authors.forename: Lisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hilder
authors.affiliation: NSW Pregnancy and Newborn Services Network, Sydney Children's Hospitals Network, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia.
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bajuk
authors.affiliation: Discipline of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, School of Women's and Children's Health, UNSW Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
authors.forename: Kei
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lui
authors.affiliation: Serology and Virology Division, SEALS Microbiology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Australia, New South Wales, Australia School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, UNSW Australia, New South Wales, Australia.
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Rawlinson
authors.affiliation: Princess Margaret Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines & Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia Menzies School of Health Research and Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Australia.
authors.forename: Tom
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Snelling
authors.affiliation: Discipline of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, School of Women's and Children's Health, UNSW Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia Respiratory Department, Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia.
authors.forename: Adam
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jaffe
mesh_terms: D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005006:Ethnicity; D005260:Female; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D009517:New South Wales / Q000453:epidemiology; D000069455:Palivizumab / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011050:Policy Making; D011159:Population Surveillance; D018357:Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D012307:Risk Factors; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors
chemical_list: D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D000069455:Palivizumab