title: Behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia in older residents in long-term care facilities in Japan: a cross-sectional study.
abstract: To investigate the prevalence of the behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) and associated factors in residents in long-term care (LTC) facilities.
  
  
  
  We conducted a cross-sectional survey of older residents with dementia or similar symptoms (n = 312) using a questionnaire for care staff in 10 selected LTC facilities in Hokkaido, Japan. The questionnaire included sociodemographic characteristics, health conditions, living environments, and a brief questionnaire form of the Neuropsychiatric Inventory for assessing BPSD.
  
  
  
  We revealed that the prevalence of BPSD in LTC facilities (percentage of people exhibiting at least one BPSD) in residents with dementia or similar symptoms was 64%. Having Alzheimer's disease, an imbalance between activities of daily living and cognitive function, poor relationships with other residents, and persistent requests in daily life were significantly associated with having BPSD.
  
  
  
  The prevalence of BPSD in LTC facilities was relatively low compared with other countries. The factors found to relate to BPSD may provide useful information for developing care methods to address BPSD in LTC residents.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Health Care Policy , Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine , Sapporo , Japan.
authors.forename: Asuna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Arai
authors.affiliation: b Faculty of Medicine , Hokkaido University School of Medicine , Sapporo , Japan.
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ozaki
authors.affiliation: c College of Public Health , University of Kentucky , Lexington , USA.
authors.forename: Yuriko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Katsumata
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000375:Aging; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003704:Dementia / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D006707:Homes for the Aged / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008134:Long-Term Care; D008297:Male; D009735:Nursing Homes / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D015995:Prevalence; D000066553:Problem Behavior
keywords: Residential facilities; long-term care; major neurocognitive disorder; neuropsychiatric symptoms