title: Multivariate Classification of Original and Fake Perfumes by Ion Analysis and Ethanol Content.
abstract: The increased marketing of fake perfumes has encouraged us to investigate how to identify such products by their chemical characteristics and multivariate analysis. The aim of this study was to present an alternative approach to distinguish original from fake perfumes by means of the investigation of sodium, potassium, chloride ions, and ethanol contents by chemometric tools. For this, 50 perfumes were used (25 original and 25 counterfeit) for the analysis of ions (ion chromatography) and ethanol (gas chromatography). The results demonstrated that the fake perfume had low levels of ethanol and high levels of chloride compared to the original product. The data were treated by chemometric tools such as principal component analysis and linear discriminant analysis. This study proved that the analysis of ethanol is an effective method of distinguishing original from the fake products, and it may potentially be used to assist legal authorities in such cases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Analytical Chemistry and Physico-Chemistry, Federal University of Ceará, Rua do Contorno, S/N Campus do Pici, Bl. 940, CEP 60451-970, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.|Federal Institute of Education Science and Technology of Ceara, Campus Acaraú, Av. Des. Armando de Sales Louzada, s/n, CEP: 62580-000, Acarau, CE, Brazil.
authors.forename: Clêrton L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Gomes
authors.affiliation: Department of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Ceará, Rua do Contorno, S/N Campus do Pici, Bl. 713, CEP 60451-970, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ari Clecius A
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: de Lima
authors.affiliation: Federal Institute of Education Science and Technology of Ceara, Campus Acaraú, Av. Des. Armando de Sales Louzada, s/n, CEP: 62580-000, Acarau, CE, Brazil.|Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Federal University of Ceará, Rua do Contorno, S/N Campus do Pici, 940, CEP 60451-970, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
authors.forename: Adonay R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Loiola
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Econometrics and Optimization/CAEN, 2 Humanities Center, Federal University of Ceara, Av. da Universidade, 2700 - Benfica, 60020-181, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
authors.forename: Abel B R
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: da Silva
authors.affiliation: Forensic Police of the Ceara State, Av. Pres. Castelo Branco, 901 - Moura Brasil, CEP 60010-000, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
authors.forename: Manuela C L
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Cândido
authors.affiliation: Department of Analytical Chemistry and Physico-Chemistry, Federal University of Ceará, Rua do Contorno, S/N Campus do Pici, Bl. 940, CEP 60451-970, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ronaldo F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Nascimento
keywords: fake; forensic science; linear discriminant analysis; original; perfume; principal components analysis