title: The incidence of all-cause, cardiovascular and respiratory disease admission among 20,252 users of lisinopril vs. perindopril: A cohort study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Major international guidelines do not offer explicit recommendations on any specific angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) agent over another within the same drug group. This study compared the effectiveness of lisinopril vs. perindopril in reducing the incidence of hospital admission due to all-cause, cardiovascular disease and respiratory disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  Adult patients who received new prescriptions of lisinopril or perindopril from 2001 to 2005 in all public hospitals and clinics in Hong Kong were included, and followed up for ≥2years. The incidence of admissions due to all-cause, cardiovascular disease and respiratory disease were evaluated, respectively, by using Cox proportional hazard regression models. The regression models were constructed with propensity score matching to minimize indication biases.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 20,252 eligible patients with an average age of 64.5years (standard deviation 15.0) were included. The admission rate at 24months within the date of index prescription due to any cause, cardiovascular disease and respiratory disease among lisinopril vs. perindopril users was 24.8% vs. 24.8%, 13.7% vs. 14.0% and 6.9% vs. 6.3%, respectively. Lisinopril users were significantly more likely to be admitted due to respiratory diseases (adjusted hazard ratios [AHR]=1.25, 95% CI 1.08 to 1.43, p=0.002 at 12months; AHR=1.17, 95% CI 1.04 to 1.31, p=0.009 at 24months) and all causes (AHR=1.12, 95% CI 1.05 to 1.19, p<0.001 at 24months) than perindopril users.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings support intra-class differences in the effectiveness of ACEIs, which could be considered by clinical guidelines when the preferred first-line antihypertensive drugs are recommended.
authors.affiliation: JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Department of Family Medicine, Hospital Authority, Hong Kong.
authors.forename: Martin C S
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.affiliation: JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
authors.forename: David K L
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, No.74 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou 510080, P.R. China; General Practice and Primary Care, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, 1 Horselethill Road, Glasgow G12 9LX, UK. Electronic address: haoxiangwang@163.com.
authors.forename: Harry H X
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
authors.forename: Wilson W S
authors.initials: WW
authors.lastname: Tam
authors.affiliation: Hospital Authority Information Technology Services, Health Informatics Section, Hospital Authority, HKSAR, China.
authors.forename: Clement S K
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Cheung
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
authors.forename: Bryan P
authors.initials: BP
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Monash University, Australia; The University of Warwick, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Andrew J S
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Coats
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D017706:Lisinopril / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010343:Patient Admission / Q000639:trends*; D020913:Perindopril / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012120:Respiration Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D017706:Lisinopril; D020913:Perindopril
keywords: Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; Cardiovascular disease; Hospital admission; Lisinopril; Perindopril; Respiratory disease