title: Effect of Nasal Continuous Positive Pressure on the Nostrils of Patients with Sleep Apnea Syndrome and no Previous Nasal Pathology. Predictive Factors for Compliance.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effect of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) on the nostrils of patients with sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome and its impact on quality of life, and to identify predictive factors for compliance.
  
  
  METHODS
  Longitudinal prospective study. Thirty-six consecutive patients evaluated before and 2 months after CPAP using the following variables: clinical (eye, nose and throat [ENT] symptoms, Epworth test, anxiety/depression scales, general and rhinoconjunctivitis-specific quality of life); anatomical (ENT examination, computed tomography); functional (auditive and Eustachian tube function, nasal flow, mucociliary transport); biological (nasal cytology); and polisomnographics. The sample was divided into compliers (≥4h/d) and non-compliers (<4h/d).
  
  
  RESULTS
  A significant improvement was observed in daytime sleepiness (p=0.000), anxiety (P=.006), and depression (P=.023). Nasal dryness (P=.000), increased neutrophils in nasal cytology (P=.000), and deteriorating ciliary function were evidenced, particularly in compliers. No significant differences were observed in the other variables. Baseline sleepiness was the only factor predictive of compliance.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CPAP in patients without previous nasal pathology leads to an improvement in a series of clinical parameters and causes rhinitis and airway dryness. Some ENT variables worsened in compliers. Sleepiness was the only prognostic factor for poor tolerance.
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Otorrinolaringología, Hospital General de Granollers, Granollers, Barcelona, España. Electronic address: francinaaguilar@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Francina
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Aguilar
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Medicina del Sueño, Instituto Nacional del Tórax, Santiago de Chile, Chile.
authors.forename: Ariel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cisternas
authors.affiliation: Unidad Multidisciplinar de Trastornos del Sueño, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, España; Ciber Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Bunyola, Islas Baleares, España; Facultad de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, España; Institut d'Investigació Biomédica August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, España.
authors.forename: Josep Maria
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Montserrat
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Radiodiagnóstico, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Barcelona, España.
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Àvila
authors.affiliation: Unidad Multidisciplinar de Trastornos del Sueño, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, España; Facultad de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, España; Servicio de Radiodiagnóstico, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Barcelona, España.
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Torres-López
authors.affiliation: Unidad Multidisciplinar de Trastornos del Sueño, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, España; Facultad de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, España; Institut d'Investigació Biomédica August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, España.
authors.forename: Alex
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Iranzo
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Radiodiagnóstico, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, España.
authors.forename: Joan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Berenguer
authors.affiliation: Unidad Multidisciplinar de Trastornos del Sueño, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, España; Ciber Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Bunyola, Islas Baleares, España; Facultad de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, España.
authors.forename: Isabel
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Vilaseca
mesh_terms: D000158:Acoustic Impedance Tests; D000368:Aged; D001007:Anxiety / Q000209:etiology; D001301:Audiometry, Pure-Tone; D045422:Continuous Positive Airway Pressure / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000523:psychology; D003863:Depression / Q000209:etiology; D005221:Fatigue / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009079:Mucociliary Clearance; D009297:Nasal Mucosa / Q000473:pathology; D010349:Patient Compliance; D017286:Polysomnography; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011788:Quality of Life; D012220:Rhinitis / Q000209:etiology; D012307:Risk Factors; D012891:Sleep Apnea Syndromes / Q000150:complications / Q000628:therapy*
keywords: Continuous positive airway pressure compliance; Cumplimiento de la presión positiva continua en la vía aérea; Inflamación nasal; Mucociliary transport; Nasal inflammation; Rhinitis; Rinitis; Sleep apnea syndrome; Síndrome de apnea del sueño; Transporte mucociliar