title: Differences in the risk of fatty liver for onset of impaired fasting glucose according to baseline plasma glucose levels.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  It remains unclear whether fatty liver is a risk factor for the onset of abnormal glucose tolerance in any patient. The objective of this study was to clarify the relationship between fatty liver and the onset of impaired fasting glucose according to baseline fasting plasma glucose (FPG) levels.
  
  
  METHODS
  This community-based longitudinal cohort study included 7,905 adults (3,863 men, 4,042 women; age range, 18-80 years) who had at least two annual checkups between 2003 and 2013. Those with FPG levels ≥110 mg/dl, taking anti-diabetic agents, and/or testing positive for hepatitis B surface antigen or anti-hepatitis C virus antibody were excluded, leaving 7,203 participants eligible for inclusion. All participants were divided into quartiles derived from their FPG levels at baseline. FPG ≥110 mg/dl during the observation period was defined as onset of IFG.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Onset of IFG was found in 7.7 % of men and 2.1 % of women (p < 0.001). After adjusting for age, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, triacylglycerol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, uric acid, creatinine, family history of diabetes, alcohol consumption, and current smoking, a positive association was found between fatty liver and the onset of IFG in both sexes with the highest quartile of FPG levels [men: adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 1.823, 95 % confidence interval (CI) 1.316-2.534, p < 0.001; women: aHR 2.016, 95 % CI 1.117-3.6, p = 0.02].
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest that fatty liver is independently associated with an increased risk of developing IFG in individuals with high FPG.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology and Metabology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan.
authors.forename: Teruki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Miyake
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology and Metabology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan.
authors.forename: Masashi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hirooka
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology and Metabology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan.
authors.forename: Osamu
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, Japan.
authors.forename: Shinya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Furukawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology and Metabology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan.|Department of Community Medicine, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, Japan.
authors.forename: Teru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kumagi
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology and Metabology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan.|Ehime General Health Care Association, Misake, Matsuyama, Ehime, Japan.
authors.forename: Mitsuhito
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Koizumi
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology and Metabology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan.
authors.forename: Shin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology and Metabology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan.
authors.forename: Taira
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kuroda
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology and Metabology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan.
authors.forename: Eiji
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Arimitsu
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology and Metabology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan.
authors.forename: Eiji
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Takeshita
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology and Metabology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan.
authors.forename: Masanori
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Abe
authors.affiliation: Ehime General Health Care Association, Misake, Matsuyama, Ehime, Japan.
authors.forename: Kohichiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kitai
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology and Metabology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan.
authors.forename: Bunzo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Matsuura
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology and Metabology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan. hiasa@m.ehime-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Yoichi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hiasa
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005215:Fasting; D005234:Fatty Liver / Q000150:complications*; D005260:Female; D018149:Glucose Intolerance / Q000209:etiology*; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose
keywords: Abnormal glucose tolerance; Fatty liver; Impaired fasting glucose; Type 2 diabetes mellitus