title: Quality of Life in Patients With Untreated and Symptomatic Hallux Valgus.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The purposes of this study were to compare the quality of life (QOL) of subjects who had untreated symptomatic hallux valgus with the QOL of the general population and to investigate factors associated with the QOL of the subjects.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred sixteen subjects with previously untreated and symptomatic hallux valgus were surveyed. QOL was assessed using the 36-item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36). Additionally, clinical evaluations (the visual analog scale for pain, Japanese Society for Surgery of the Foot Scale, lesser toe pain, and pain in other parts of the body) and radiographic evaluations (hallux valgus angle, intermetatarsal angle between the first and second metatarsals, and dislocation of the second metatarsophalangeal joint) were performed. Differences in the SF-36 between the subjects and the general population were tested using independent t tests. Correlations between the QOL measurements, clinical evaluations, and radiographic evaluations were assessed using Spearman rank correlation coefficient.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All SF-36 subscales and physical component summary scores for the subjects were significantly lower than those of the general population. Notably, the standardized physical function subscale (38.2 ± 15.8, P < .001) and physical component summary scores (38.9 ± 14.5, P < .001) were more than 10 points lower than those of the general population. Most QOL and clinical evaluation parameters were not correlated or were negligibly correlated with radiographic evaluations. Similarly, lesser toe pain or pain in other parts of the body was not correlated with QOL or clinical evaluations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The QOL of untreated and symptomatic hallux valgus subjects was lower than that of the general population. All QOL and clinical evaluation parameters were not significantly or negligibly correlated with the severity of toe deformities. Surgical decision making should not be based on the severity of the deformity alone, but rather patient QOL should also be carefully assessed.
  
  
  METHODS
  Level III, comparative series.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Japan.
authors.forename: Yohei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Japan y-satoshi@mvb.biglobe.ne.jp.
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yamaguchi
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuta
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Muramatsu
authors.affiliation: Kitachiba Spine & Sports Clinic, Inage-ku, Japan.
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Terakado
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Japan.
authors.forename: Takahisa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sasho
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Japan.
authors.forename: Ryuichiro
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Akagi
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Japan.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Endo
authors.affiliation: Clinical Research Center, Chiba University Hospital, Chuo-ku, Japan.
authors.forename: Yasunori
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazuhisa
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Takahashi
mesh_terms: D005528:Foot; D005530:Foot Deformities / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D006215:Hallux Valgus / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008682:Metatarsal Bones / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D008683:Metatarsophalangeal Joint / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000379:methods; D011788:Quality of Life; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: Short Form 36; hallux valgus; quality of life