title: Effects of Marine Phospholipids Extract on the Lipid Levels of Metastatic and Nonmetastatic Prostate Cancer Patients.
abstract: High intake of omega-3 fatty acids (n-3 FAs) from fish has shown to reduce metastatic progression of prostate cancer. This clinical trial investigated the influence of high n-3 FA intake (marine phospholipids, MPL) on the FA composition of blood lipids, lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC), and on lipoproteins in prostate cancer patients and elderly men without prostate cancer. MPL supplementation resulted in a significant increase of n-3 FAs (eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acid) in blood lipids, while arachidonic acid (n-6 FA) decreased significantly. Low density lipoprotein (LDL) and high density lipoprotein (HDL) increased significantly, but the LDL increase was observed only in subjects with an inactive tumour. Similarly, LPC plasma concentration increased significantly only in patients without tumour. The missing increase of LDL and LPC after MPL supplementation in patients with actively growing (metastasizing) prostate cancer suggests that tumour cells have an elevated demand for LDL and LPC. Due to the MPL-induced increase of n-3 FAs in these blood lipids, it can be assumed that especially actively growing and metastasizing prostate cancer cells are provided with elevated amounts of these antimetastatic n-3 FAs. A hypothetic model explaining the lower incidence of metastatic progression in prostate cancer patients with high fish consumption is presented.
authors.affiliation: Department of Lipids & Liposomes, Tumor Biology Center, Breisacher Straße 117, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; Hermann Staudinger Graduate School, the University of Freiburg, Hebelstraße 27, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Daniela
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-4289-5853
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Küllenberg de Gaudry
authors.affiliation: Pharmacy Department, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 670, 69126 Heidelberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Lenka A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.affiliation: Department of Lipids & Liposomes, Tumor Biology Center, Breisacher Straße 117, 79106 Freiburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Jessica
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kluth
authors.affiliation: Loretto Hospital, Mercystraße 6-14, 79100 Freiburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Tobias
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hübschle
authors.affiliation: Loretto Hospital, Mercystraße 6-14, 79100 Freiburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Jonas
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fritzsche
authors.affiliation: Department of Lipids & Liposomes, Tumor Biology Center, Breisacher Straße 117, 79106 Freiburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Bernd
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hildenbrand
authors.affiliation: Department of Lipids & Liposomes, Tumor Biology Center, Breisacher Straße 117, 79106 Freiburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Lars
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Pletschen
authors.affiliation: Urological practice U3, Bertoldstraße 45, 79098 Freiburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Karin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Schilli
authors.affiliation: Department of Lipids & Liposomes, Tumor Biology Center, Breisacher Straße 117, 79106 Freiburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Arwen
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hodina
authors.affiliation: PgXpertise, Bahnhofstraße 8, 79288 Gottenheim, Germany.
authors.forename: Lee S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Griffith
authors.affiliation: Loretto Hospital, Mercystraße 6-14, 79100 Freiburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Jürgen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Breul
authors.affiliation: Center for Cancer Medicine, Breisacher Straße 84 B, 79110 Freiburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Clemens
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-0461-2488
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Unger
authors.affiliation: Department of Lipids & Liposomes, Tumor Biology Center, Breisacher Straße 117, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; Department of Clinical Research, Tumor Biology Center, Breisacher Straße 117, 79106 Freiburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Ulrich
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-4029-3587
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Massing