title: Immunoregulatory effects triggered by immunobiotic Lactobacillus jensenii TL2937 strain involve efficient phagocytosis in porcine antigen presenting cells.
abstract: Immunobiotic Lactobacillus jensenii TL2937 modulates porcine mononuclear phagocytes from Peyer's patches (PPMPs) and induces a differential production of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in response to Toll-like receptor (TLR)-4 activation. In view of the important role played by phagocytosis in the activation of antigen presenting cells (APCs), the aim of the present work was to examine the interaction of TL2937 with porcine PPMPs focusing on phagocytosis. In addition, this study aimed to investigate whether the effects of L. jensenii TL2937 in porcine blood monocyte-derived dendritic cells (MoDCs) are similar to those found in PPMPs considering that MoDCs do not recapitulate all functions of mucosal APCs.
  
  
  
  Studies showed a high ability of porcine CD172a(+) PPMPs to phagocytose L. jensenii TL2937. Interestingly, our results also revealed a reduced capacity of the non-immunomodulatory L. plantarum TL2766 to be phagocytosed by those immune cells. Phagocytosis of L. jensenii TL2937 by porcine PPMPs was partially dependent on TLR2. In addition, we demonstrated that TL2937 strain was able to improve the expression of IL-1β, IL-12 and IL-10 in immature MoDCs resembling the effect of this immunobiotic bacterium on PPMPs. Moreover, similarly to PPMPs those immunomodulatory effects were related to the higher capacity of TL2937 to be phagocytosed by immature MoDCs.
  
  
  
  Microbial recognition in APCs could be effectively mediated through ligand-receptor interactions that then mediate phagocytosis and signaling. For the immunobiotic strain TL2937, TLR2 has a partial role for its interaction with porcine APCs and it is necessary to investigate the role of other receptors. A challenge for future research will be advance in the full understanding of the molecular interactions of immunobiotic L. jensenii TL2937 with porcine APCs that will be crucial for the successful development of functional feeds for the porcine host. This study is a step in that direction.
authors.affiliation: Food and Feed Immunology Group, Laboratory of Animal Products Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.
authors.forename: Kohichiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tsukida
authors.affiliation: Food and Feed Immunology Group, Laboratory of Animal Products Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.
authors.forename: Takuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.affiliation: Food and Feed Immunology Group, Laboratory of Animal Products Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.|Livestock Immunology Unit, International Education and Research Center for Food Agricultural Immunology (CFAI), Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.
authors.forename: Hikaru
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Iida
authors.affiliation: Food and Feed Immunology Group, Laboratory of Animal Products Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.|Livestock Immunology Unit, International Education and Research Center for Food Agricultural Immunology (CFAI), Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.
authors.forename: Paulraj
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kanmani
authors.affiliation: Department of Food, Agriculture and Environment, Miyagi University, Sendai, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshihito
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Suda
authors.affiliation: Infection Immunology Unit, International Education and Research Center for Food Agricultural Immunology (CFAI), Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.|Cell Biology Laboratory, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.
authors.forename: Tomonori
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nochi
authors.affiliation: Cell Biology Laboratory, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.
authors.forename: Shuichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ohwada
authors.affiliation: Livestock Immunology Unit, International Education and Research Center for Food Agricultural Immunology (CFAI), Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.|Cell Biology Laboratory, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.
authors.forename: Hisashi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Aso
authors.affiliation: Agricultural & Veterinary Division, Meiji Seika Pharma Co., Ltd., Yokohama, Japan.
authors.forename: Sou
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ohkawara
authors.affiliation: Division of Research and Development, Meiji Co., Ltd., Odawara, Kanagawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Seiya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Makino
authors.affiliation: Division of Research and Development, Meiji Co., Ltd., Odawara, Kanagawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kano
authors.affiliation: Food and Feed Immunology Group, Laboratory of Animal Products Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.
authors.forename: Tadao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Saito
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Immunobiotechnology, Reference Centre for Lactobacilli (CERELA-CONICET), San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucuman, Argentina. jcvillena@cerela.org.ar.
authors.forename: Julio
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Villena
authors.affiliation: Food and Feed Immunology Group, Laboratory of Animal Products Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan. haruki.kitazawa.c7@tohoku.ac.jp.|Livestock Immunology Unit, International Education and Research Center for Food Agricultural Immunology (CFAI), Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan. haruki.kitazawa.c7@tohoku.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Haruki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kitazawa
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000938:Antigen-Presenting Cells / Q000276:immunology*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000276:immunology*; D056747:Immunomodulation; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000378:metabolism; D018664:Interleukin-12 / Q000378:metabolism; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000378:metabolism; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000276:immunology*; D000069999:Lactobacillus johnsonii / Q000276:immunology*; D009000:Monocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D010587:Phagocytosis; D019936:Probiotics; D013045:Species Specificity; D013552:Swine; D051195:Toll-Like Receptor 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4 / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D051195:Toll-Like Receptor 2; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4; D016753:Interleukin-10; D018664:Interleukin-12
keywords: Blood monocytes-derived dendritic cells; Immunobiotics; Lactobacillus jensenii; Porcine antigen presenting cells