title: Cocaine-induced neurodevelopmental deficits and underlying mechanisms.
abstract: Exposure to drugs early in life has complex and long-lasting implications for brain structure and function. This review summarizes work to date on the immediate and long-term effects of prenatal exposure to cocaine. In utero cocaine exposure produces disruptions in brain monoamines, particularly dopamine, during sensitive periods of brain development, and leads to permanent changes in specific brain circuits, molecules, and behavior. Here, we integrate clinical studies and significance with mechanistic preclinical studies, to define our current knowledge base and identify gaps for future investigation. Birth Defects Research (Part C) 108:147-173, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Sciences and Center for Brain Repair, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, Florida.
authors.forename: Melissa M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Sciences and Center for Brain Repair, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, Florida.
authors.forename: Devon L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Graham
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Sciences and Center for Brain Repair, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, Florida.
authors.forename: Deirdre M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: McCarthy
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Sciences and Center for Brain Repair, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, Florida.
authors.forename: Pradeep G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Bhide
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Sciences and Center for Brain Repair, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, Florida.
authors.forename: Gregg D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Stanwood
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects / Q000503:physiopathology; D003042:Cocaine / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D065886:Neurodevelopmental Disorders / Q000139:chemically induced*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects / Q000139:chemically induced
chemical_list: D003042:Cocaine
keywords: brain; dopamine; in utero; prenatal; psychostimulant