title: [Stereoelectroencephalography by using O-Arm®and Vertek®passive articulated arm: Technical note and experience of an epilepsy referral centre].
abstract: To report a novel, accurate, and safe technique for deep brain electrode implantation to register brain electrical activity or SEEG, using frameless stereotaxy, neuronavigation assisted, and intraoperative CT-guided O-Arm®and the Vertek®articulated passive arm.
  
  
  
  All patients implanted by this technique in Barcelona Hospital Clinic were included. A prospective evaluation was made of the accuracy of the technique, as well as complications, surgical time, length of stay, and short-term outcomes.
  
  
  
  The study included 10 patients that underwent this procedure. The mean age was 38 years, and 60% were women. A mean of 6.9 (3-10) electrodes/patient, with a total of 69 electrodes, were implanted. The mean time for implantation was 34.7minutes per electrode. The mean distance between the planned target and the final target was 1.39 millimetres (0.95-1.7). There were no surgically derived complications. The epileptogenic zone was determined in 6 cases (60%). Surgical resection was performed in 5 cases (50%), with thermocoagulation in 3 (30%) cases, and in 2 cases (20%) there was no treatment. At a six-month follow-up of the 8 treated cases, 37.5% were ELAI I, 12.5% ELAI III, 25% ELAI IV, and 25% ELAI V.
  
  
  
  The implantation of deep brain electrodes for SEEG by using intraoperative CT O-Arm®and the Vertek®articulated passive arm is a safe and effective technique with adequate accuracy.
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Neurocirugía, Hospital Universitari de Girona Dr Josep Trueta, Girona, España. Electronic address: alejanm@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Yislenz
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Narváez-Martínez
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Neurocirugía, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, España.
authors.forename: Sergio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: García
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Neurocirugía, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, España.
authors.forename: Pedro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Roldán
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Neurocirugía, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, España.
authors.forename: Jorge
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Torales
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Neurocirugía, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, España.
authors.forename: Jordi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rumià
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004567:Electrodes, Implanted; D004569:Electroencephalography; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D008297:Male; D038361:Neuronavigation; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012017:Referral and Consultation; D013238:Stereotaxic Techniques; D025321:Surgery, Computer-Assisted; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed
keywords: Ausencia de marco estereotáctico; Deep electrodes; Electrodos profundos; Epilepsia; Epilepsy; Estereoelectroencefalografía; Frameless stereotaxy; Intraoperative CT O-Arm; Neuronavegación; Neuronavigation; Stereoelectroencephalography; TC O-Arm intraoperatorio