title: Modulatory Role of Omentin-1 in Inflammation: Cytokines and Dietary Intake.
abstract: Obesity is known as a chronic inflammatory state whereby anti-inflammatory adipokines, such as omentin-1 levels, are decreased. The present study aims to determine omentin-1 levels in relation to dietary intake, inflammation, and immune response in healthy obese individuals.
  
  
  
  A total of 170 obese participants (body mass index [BMI] ≥ 30) were recruited in this cross-sectional study. Body composition was evaluated by a body composition analyzer, and inflammatory markers (high-sensitivity C-reactive protein [hs-CRP], interleukin (IL)-4, IL-6, IL-1β, IL-17, IL-10, IL-13, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha [TNF-α]) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits.
  
  
  
  We observed associations between higher serum levels of omentin-1 and lower levels of fasting insulin, glucose, total cholesterol, IL-6, and TNF-α concentrations; higher levels of IL-13, IL-4, and IL-1β were associated with higher serum levels of omentin-1 (all p < 0.05). Omentin-1 levels were not associated with IL-10, hs-CRP, and IL-17 concentrations. We also observed associations between higher intake of saturated fatty acid (SFA) and omentin-1 levels, even after adjustment for total energy intake (p = 0.04). Women with low intake of SFA had higher levels of omentin-1 (p = 0.03); a similar relation was not observed in men.
  
  
  
  Omentin-1 has an anti-inflammatory role in obesity and exerts its effects probably by inducing an increase in Th-2 cytokines comprising IL-13 and IL-4. Omentin-1 is not related to IL-17, a regulatory T cell cytokine, which modulates T helper balance. Levels of inflammatory cytokines are decreased in higher concentrations of omentin-1, except IL-1β. Lower intake of SFA may modify omentin-1 levels in women. Our study demonstrated the probable protective role of omentin-1 in obesity-related inflammation and insulin resistance.
authors.affiliation: a Osteoporosis Research Center , Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran.|b Department of Community Nutrition , School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , IRAN.
authors.forename: Fateme
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zabetian-Targhi
authors.affiliation: b Department of Community Nutrition , School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , IRAN.
authors.forename: Khadijeh
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mirzaei
authors.affiliation: c Department of Clinical Nutrition , School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , IRAN.
authors.forename: Seyed Ali
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Keshavarz
authors.affiliation: a Osteoporosis Research Center , Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran.|d Department of Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Nutrition, and Diabetes, Vitamin D, Skin, and Bone Research Laboratory , Boston University Medical Center , Boston , Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Arash
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hossein-Nezhad
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000097:blood; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001823:Body Composition; D015992:Body Mass Index; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood* / Q000502:physiology; D004032:Diet; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005260:Female; D058851:GPI-Linked Proteins / Q000097:blood / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000097:blood / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D018793:Interleukin-13 / Q000097:blood; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000097:blood; D037102:Lectins / Q000097:blood / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology / Q000503:physiopathology*
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D015415:Biomarkers; D016207:Cytokines; D004041:Dietary Fats; D005227:Fatty Acids; D058851:GPI-Linked Proteins; C432397:ITLN1 protein, human; D018793:Interleukin-13; D037102:Lectins; D015847:Interleukin-4
keywords: adipokines; cytokines; diet; inflammation; obesity; omentin