title: Tissue metabolic profiling of human gastric cancer assessed by (1)H NMR.
abstract: Gastric cancer is the fourth most common cancer and the second most deadly cancer worldwide. Study on molecular mechanisms of carcinogenesis will play a significant role in diagnosing and treating gastric cancer. Metabolic profiling may offer the opportunity to understand the molecular mechanism of carcinogenesis and help to identify the potential biomarkers for the early diagnosis of gastric cancer.
  
  
  
  In this study, we reported the metabolic profiling of tissue samples on a large cohort of human gastric cancer subjects (n = 125) and normal controls (n = 54) based on (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance ((1)H NMR) together with multivariate statistical analyses (PCA, PLS-DA, OPLS-DA and ROC curve).
  
  
  
  The OPLS-DA model showed adequate discrimination between cancer tissues and normal controls, and meanwhile, the model excellently discriminated the stage-related of tissue samples (stage I, 30; stage II, 46; stage III, 37; stage IV, 12) and normal controls. A total of 48 endogenous distinguishing metabolites (VIP > 1 and p < 0.05) were identified, 13 of which were changed with the progression of gastric cancer. These modified metabolites revealed disturbance of glycolysis, glutaminolysis, TCA, amino acids and choline metabolism, which were correlated with the occurrence and development of human gastric cancer. The receiver operating characteristic diagnostic AUC of OPLS-DA model between cancer tissues and normal controls was 0.945. And the ROC curves among different stages cancer subjects and normal controls were gradually improved, the corresponding AUC values were 0.952, 0.994, 0.998 and 0.999, demonstrating the robust diagnostic power of this metabolic profiling approach.
  
  
  
  As far as we know, the present study firstly identified the differential metabolites in various stages of gastric cancer tissues. And the AUC values were relatively high. So these results suggest that the metabolic profiling of gastric cancer tissues has great potential in detecting this disease and helping to understand its underlying metabolic mechanisms.
authors.affiliation: College of Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, Henan, China.|State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Huijuan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: College of Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, Henan, China.|State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Hailong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
authors.forename: Pengchi
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Deng
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Chunqi
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Dandan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jie
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
authors.forename: Hu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastrointestinal surgery, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China. 381926959@qq.com.
authors.forename: Zongguang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China. zhaoyinglan@scu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Ying-Lan
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Zhao
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D055432:Metabolomics / Q000379:methods*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D066244:Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy / Q000379:methods*; D012372:ROC Curve; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor
keywords: 1H-NMR; Gastric cancer; Metabolic profiling; Tissue