title: The Circulatory System in Liver Disease.
abstract: In the cirrhotic liver, distortion of the normal liver architecture is caused by structural and vascular changes. Portal hypertension is often associated with a hyperdynamic circulatory syndrome in which cardiac output and heart rate are increased and systemic vascular resistance is decreased. The release of several vasoactive substances is the primary factor involved in the reduction of mesenteric arterial resistance, resulting in sodium and water retention with eventual formation of ascites. Management of these patients with acute cardiac dysfunction often requires invasive hemodynamic monitoring in an intensive care unit setting to tailor decisions regarding use of fluids and vasopressors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Disease, Cooper University Hospital, 1 Cooper Plaza, Camden, 08103, NJ, USA. Electronic address: hollenberg-steven@cooperhealth.edu.
authors.forename: Steven M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Hollenberg
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Disease, Cooper University Hospital, 1 Cooper Plaza, Camden, 08103, NJ, USA.
authors.forename: Brett
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Waldman
mesh_terms: D062186:Arterial Pressure; D001201:Ascites / Q000209:etiology; D002302:Cardiac Output; D003097:Collateral Circulation; D003422:Critical Care; D058625:End Stage Liver Disease / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006321:Heart / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006331:Heart Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006339:Heart Rate; D006801:Humans; D006975:Hypertension, Portal / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic; D010953:Plasma Volume; D013152:Splanchnic Circulation / Q000502:physiology; D013577:Syndrome; D014655:Vascular Resistance; D014664:Vasodilation
keywords: Circulation; Cirrhosis; Liver disease; Vascular resistance