title: [The effect of carboxymethyl chitosan zinc and peptide on IL-1,TNF-α and PGE-2 in gingival crevicular fluid of miniature pigs].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This experiment was aimed at exploring whether carboxymethyl chitosan zinc and peptide （CMC-Zn(+)-P） can reduce the occurrence and development of periodontal tissue inflammation effectively by observing the change of IL-1,TNF-α and PGE-2 level in gingival crevicular fluid （GCF） before and after brushing, so as to find a new effective material in preventing and treating periodontal diseases.
  
  
  METHODS
  Miniature pigs were selected as experimental subjects and divided into 4 groups randomly: the control group; CMC-Zn(+)-P group (material group);brushing group; brushing + CMC-Zn(+)-P group (composite group). Gingival crevicular fluid before and one month after the experiment was collected. The levels of IL-1, TNF-α and PGE-2 were examined by enzyme-linked immune-sorbent assay, while the clinical periodontal index was recorded. SPSS 18.0 software package was used for statistical analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no significant difference in levels of IL-1, TNF-α and PGE-2 and clinical periodontal index between the 4 groups before experiment. After one month, the levels of IL-1, TNF-α, PGE-2 in GCF had significant difference between 4 groups. The levels of IL-1, TNF-α, PGE-2 in composite group were significant lower than that of the other three groups (P<0.008).The levels of IL-1, TNF-α and PGE-2 in the material group and brushing group were significantly lower than that of the control group (P<0.008). Compared with materials group, the brushing group had significantly lower level of IL-1,significantly higher level of PGE-2 ,but no difference in the level of TNF-α.In addition, the teeth calculus index of composite group was significantly lower than that of other groups (P<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CMC-Zn(+)-P can effectively reduce periodontal tissue inflammation and cut down the speed of deposition of dental calculus. If used cooperatively with brushing, the effect will be better.
authors.affiliation: The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University. Qingdao 266003, China. E-mail:593866072@qq.com.
authors.forename: Xue-yu
authors.initials: XY
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University. Qingdao 266003, China.
authors.forename: Ke-qing
authors.initials: KQ
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.affiliation: The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University. Qingdao 266003, China.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Marine Life, China Ocean University. Qingdao 266003,China.
authors.forename: Wan-shun
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Qingdao Boyite Biological Material Co. Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, China.
authors.forename: Fu-lai
authors.initials: FL
authors.lastname: Song
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D048271:Chitosan / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000737:chemistry*; D003728:Dental Calculus; D005883:Gingival Crevicular Fluid / Q000378:metabolism*; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D010510:Periodontal Diseases; D010512:Periodontal Index; D010519:Periodontium; D011458:Prostaglandins E / Q000378:metabolism*; D013552:Swine; D013556:Swine, Miniature; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism*; D015032:Zinc
chemical_list: D007375:Interleukin-1; D011458:Prostaglandins E; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; C514968:carboxymethyl-chitosan; D048271:Chitosan; D015032:Zinc