title: Simultaneous determination of estrogenic odorant alkylphenols, chlorophenols, and their derivatives in water using online headspace solid phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.
abstract: A simple online headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) coupled with the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method was developed for simultaneous determination of trace amounts of nine estrogenic odorant alkylphenols and chlorophenols and their derivatives in water samples. The extraction conditions of HS-SPME were optimized including fiber selection, extraction temperature, extraction time, and salt concentration. Results showed that divinylbenzene/Carboxen/polydimethylsiloxane (DVB/CAR/PDMS) fiber was the most appropriate one among the three selected commercial fibers, and the optimal extraction temperature, time, and salt concentration were 70 °C, 30 min, and 0.25 g/mL, respectively. The developed method was validated and showed good linearity (R (2) > 0.989), low limit of detection (LOD, 0.002-0.5 μg/L), and excellent recoveries (76-126 %) with low relative standard deviation (RSD, 0.7-12.9 %). The developed method was finally applied to two surface water samples and some of these target compounds were detected. All these detected compounds were below their odor thresholds, except for 2,4,6-TCAS and 2,4,6-TBAS wherein their concentrations were near their odor thresholds. However, in the two surface water samples, these detected compounds contributed to a certain amount of estrogenicity, which seemed to suggest that more attention should be paid to the issue of estrogenicity rather than to the odor problem.
authors.affiliation: School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China.
authors.forename: Su-Fen
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.affiliation: School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China. zehualiu@scut.edu.cn.|Key Lab Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Cluster, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China. zehualiu@scut.edu.cn.|Guangdong Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Recycling, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China. zehualiu@scut.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Ze-Hua
authors.initials: ZH
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Center of Water Environment Monitoring, Guangdong Yue Gang Water Supply Co. LTD, Shenzhen, 518021, Guangdong, China.|Department of Water Technology Research and Development, Guangdong GDH Water Co., LTD, Shenzhen, 518021, Guangdong, China.
authors.forename: Hai-Xian
authors.initials: HX
authors.lastname: Lian
authors.affiliation: Center of Water Environment Monitoring, Guangdong Yue Gang Water Supply Co. LTD, Shenzhen, 518021, Guangdong, China.|Department of Water Technology Research and Development, Guangdong GDH Water Co., LTD, Shenzhen, 518021, Guangdong, China.
authors.forename: Chuangtao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Center of Water Environment Monitoring, Guangdong Yue Gang Water Supply Co. LTD, Shenzhen, 518021, Guangdong, China.|Department of Water Technology Research and Development, Guangdong GDH Water Co., LTD, Shenzhen, 518021, Guangdong, China.
authors.forename: Qing
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China.
authors.forename: Hua
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.affiliation: School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China.
authors.forename: Zhi
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Dang
mesh_terms: D002733:Chlorophenols / Q000032:analysis; D004129:Dimethylpolysiloxanes; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods; D009812:Odorants / Q000032:analysis*; D010636:Phenols / Q000032:analysis*; D011145:Polyvinyls; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D052617:Solid Phase Microextraction / Q000379:methods*; D013696:Temperature; D014867:Water; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D002733:Chlorophenols; D004129:Dimethylpolysiloxanes; D010636:Phenols; D011145:Polyvinyls; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C445089:poly(dimethylsiloxane-divinylbenzene); D014867:Water
keywords: Alkylphenol; Chlorophenol; Estrogenic; GC-MS; Odorant; Online HS-SPME; Surface water