title: Association between Dietary Patterns, Breakfast Skipping and Familial Obesity among a Sample of Egyptian Families.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the association between dietary patterns, behaviors and the prevalence of familial obesity.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighty three families, shared as volunteers comprised of 83 mothers and 155 offspring. Anthropometric measurements were reported including height and weight. Body mass index (BMI), weight/height, and weight/height Z score were calculated. Pattern of food intake was obtained by means of dietary interview consisting of a 24 hour recall, and a food frequency questionnaire.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Data revealed that obesity was high among mothers reached 91.6% while obesity in the offspring was 24.5%. According to prevalence of obesity, families were divided to 4 groups, 8.43% of families were of normal weight, and 20.48% were obese. Food frequency consumption rate and food analysis revealed unhealthy food intake, especially in obese families. All groups reported high rate intake of sweets, pastries and beverage. Calories, carbohydrate, cholesterol and sodium were higher than the RDA in all mother's groups, and adolescent group (2) compared to low daily intake of micronutrients especially calcium and vitamin D in all groups. More than half of all mothers and offspring skipped breakfast.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results of this study suggest that familial obesity increases the risk of offspring being obese, dietary habits might be involved in the development of obesity.
authors.affiliation: Biological Anthropology Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt.
authors.forename: Nayera E
authors.initials: NE
authors.lastname: Hassan
authors.affiliation: Nutrition and Food Science Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt (Affiliation ID: 60014618).
authors.forename: Salwa M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: El Shebini
authors.affiliation: Nutrition and Food Science Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt (Affiliation ID: 60014618).
authors.forename: Nihad H
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: Ahmed
keywords: Familial obesity; anthropometry; breakfast; dietary habits