title: Evaluation of Retinal Function and Morphology of the Pink-Eyed Royal College of Surgeons (RCS) Rat: A Comparative Study of in Vivo and in Vitro Methods.
abstract: To characterize the course of retinal degeneration in the pink-eyed RCS rat in vivo and in vitro.
  
  
  
  Retinal function of RCS rats at the age of 2 to 100 weeks was determined in vivo using full-field electroretinography (ERG). Retinal morphology was evaluated in vivo using spectral domain Optical Coherence Tomography (sd-OCT) and Fluorescence angiography (FA) as well as postmortem using immunohistochemistry (IH). As a control, retinal function and morphology of non-dystrophic Wistar rats were analyzed.
  
  
  
  RCS rats showed an extinction of the ERG beginning with the age of 4 weeks. In the OCT, the outer part of the retina (OPR) could be clearly distinguished from the inner part of the retina (IPR) until the age of 8 weeks. However, at this age, it was impossible to determine from OCT images whether the OPR was formed by the outer nuclear layer (ONL) or by cellular debris built in the course of retinal degeneration. In contrast, immunohistochemistry always enabled to differentiate between ONL and debris (RCS 4 weeks of age: OPR mainly formed by ONL; RCS 8 weeks of age: OPR consisted mainly of cell debris, only 1-2 cell rows of photoreceptor somata were left).
  
  
  
  In general, data obtained in vivo were confirmed by data obtained post mortem. Apart from the problem to differentiate between debris and ONL at the age of 8 weeks in the RCS rat, ERG and OCT are useful methods to evaluate retinal function and structure in vivo and to complement immunohistochemical analysis of the degeneration process.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Ophthalmology , RWTH Aachen University , Aachen , Germany.
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rösch
authors.affiliation: b Institute of Complex Systems, Cellular Biophysics, ICS-4, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH , Jülich , Germany.
authors.forename: Christoph
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Aretzweiler
authors.affiliation: b Institute of Complex Systems, Cellular Biophysics, ICS-4, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH , Jülich , Germany.
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Müller
authors.affiliation: a Department of Ophthalmology , RWTH Aachen University , Aachen , Germany.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Walter
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D051381:Rats; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D018450:Disease Progression; D004596:Electroretinography / Q000379:methods; D005451:Fluorescein Angiography / Q000379:methods; D005654:Fundus Oculi; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D011922:Rats, Mutant Strains; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012160:Retina / Q000503:physiopathology; D012162:Retinal Degeneration / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D041623:Tomography, Optical Coherence / Q000379:methods
keywords: In vivo and in vitro evaluation; RCS rat; photoreceptor degeneration