title: Larvicidal efficacies of plants from Midwestern Brazil: melianodiol from Guarea kunthiana as a potential biopesticide against Aedes aegypti.
abstract: A total of 36 ethanol extracts from different anatomical parts of 27 plant species (18 families), native to the Pantanal and Cerrado biomes in Midwest Brazil, was assessed for their effect against Aedes aegypti larvae, the vector of dengue, hemorrhagic dengue, Zika and chikungunya fevers. Only the extract obtained from seeds of Guarea kunthiana (Meliaceae) proved active (LC50 = 169.93 μg/mL). A bioassay-guided investigation of this extract led to the isolation and identification of melianodiol, a protolimonoid, as the active constituent (LC50 = 14.44 mg/mL). Meliantriol, which was also obtained from the bioactive fraction, was nevertheless devoid of any larval toxicity, even at the highest concentration tested (LC50 > 100.0 mg/mL). These results indicate that the larvicidal activity of melianodiol stems from the presence of the carbonyl moiety at C-3 in the 21,23-epoxy-21,24,25-trihydroxy-tirucall-7-ene-type skeleton. The structures of both protolimonoids were established on the basis of spectral methods (1H and 13C NMR and MS). This is the first report on the toxicity of melianodiol against Ae. aegypti larvae. Based on the results, melianodiol can be regarded as a potential candidate for use as an ecologically sound biocontrol agent for reducing the larval population of this vector.
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Instituto de Química, Campo Grande MS , Brasil, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Instituto de Química, Campo Grande, MS, Brasil.
authors.forename: Ulana Chaves
authors.initials: UC
authors.lastname: Sarmento
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Instituto de Química, Campo Grande MS , Brasil, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Instituto de Química, Campo Grande, MS, Brasil.
authors.forename: Carlos Henrique
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Miguita
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Instituto de Química, Campo Grande MS , Brasil, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Instituto de Química, Campo Grande, MS, Brasil.
authors.forename: Luís Henrique de Oliveira
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Almeida
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Instituto de Química, Campo Grande MS , Brasil, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Instituto de Química, Campo Grande, MS, Brasil.
authors.forename: Cleusa Rocha Garcia
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Gaban
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Instituto de Química, Campo Grande MS , Brasil, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Instituto de Química, Campo Grande, MS, Brasil.
authors.forename: Lilliam May Grespan Estodutto da
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Campo Grande MS , Brasil, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Campo Grande, MS, Brasil.
authors.forename: Albert Schiaveto de
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Souza
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Instituto de Química, Campo Grande MS , Brasil, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Instituto de Química, Campo Grande, MS, Brasil.
authors.forename: Walmir Silva
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Garcez
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Instituto de Química, Campo Grande MS , Brasil, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Instituto de Química, Campo Grande, MS, Brasil.
authors.forename: Fernanda Rodrigues
authors.initials: FR
authors.lastname: Garcez
mesh_terms: D000330:Aedes; D000818:Animals; D061046:Biological Control Agents; D001938:Brazil; D065632:Chikungunya Fever / Q000517:prevention & control; D003715:Dengue / Q000517:prevention & control; D007306:Insecticides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007814:Larva; D029582:Meliaceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D009032:Mosquito Control / Q000379:methods; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014315:Triterpenes; D000071243:Zika Virus Infection / Q000517:prevention & control
chemical_list: D061046:Biological Control Agents; D007306:Insecticides; D010936:Plant Extracts; D014315:Triterpenes; C434111:melianodiol