title: Wisteria floribunda agglutinin-sialylated mucin core polypeptide 1 is a sensitive biomarker for biliary tract carcinoma and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: a multicenter study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Wisteria floribunda agglutinin (WFA)-sialylated mucin core polypeptide 1 (MUC1) was investigated as a new glycoprotein marker for cholangiocarcinoma (CC) using glycoproteomics technologies. In this multicenter study, WFA-sialylated MUC1 levels in serum and bile samples were measured to determine their diagnostic capability in biliary tract carcinoma (BTC) and intrahepatic (Ih) CC.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study included 244 patients with BTC, 59 patients with IhCC, 287 patients with benign biliary tract diseases, and 44 control subjects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Serum WFA-sialylated MUC1 levels were significantly higher in patients with either BTC or IhCC than in control subjects and those with benign biliary tract diseases. Patients with IhCC showed higher WFA-sialylated MUC1 levels than patients with tumors at other sites. No significant differences in WFA-sialylated MUC1 levels were found with regard to cancer stage or tissue type. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that WFA-sialylated MUC1 was superior to carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) for the diagnosis of benign biliary tract diseases, BTC, and IhCC, as well as for stage I and II carcinomas. Significantly higher levels of biliary WFA-sialylated MUC1 were observed in BTC/IhCC than in benign biliary tract diseases. The diagnostic capability of biliary WFA-sialylated MUC1 was also superior to that of CA19-9, and diagnostic sensitivity was higher than that of biliary cytology for BTC/IhCC.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  WFA-sialylated MUC1 is a useful novel biomarker for BTC/IhCC. In the future, this measurement should be applied in the clinical setting.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine,, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan. shodaj@md.tsukuba.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Junichi
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9374-994X
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shoda
authors.affiliation: Research Center for Medical Glycoscience (RCMG), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 2, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Matsuda
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine,, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan.
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shida
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Institute of Gastroenterology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Masakazu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.affiliation: Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.
authors.forename: Masato
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nagino
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology and Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.
authors.forename: Toshio
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tsuyuguchi
authors.affiliation: Division of Surgery, Nagasaki Prefectural Kamigoto Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan.
authors.forename: Takahiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yasaka
authors.affiliation: Department of General Internal Medicine, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan.
authors.forename: Susumu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tazuma
authors.affiliation: Department of General and Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazuhisa
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Uchiyama
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.
authors.forename: Michiaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Unno
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
authors.forename: Nobuaki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ohkohchi
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Yasuni
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nakanuma
authors.affiliation: Research Center for Medical Glycoscience (RCMG), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 2, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kuno
authors.affiliation: Research Center for Medical Glycoscience (RCMG), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 2, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
authors.forename: Hisashi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Narimatsu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001650:Bile Duct Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D001660:Biliary Tract Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology; D001661:Biliary Tract Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000097:blood; D018395:CA-19-9 Antigen / Q000097:blood; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D018281:Cholangiocarcinoma / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018396:Mucin-1 / Q000097:blood*; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D037121:Plant Lectins / Q000737:chemistry; D011446:Prospective Studies; D034781:Receptors, N-Acetylglucosamine / Q000737:chemistry; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D018395:CA-19-9 Antigen; C060192:MUC1 protein, human; D018396:Mucin-1; D037121:Plant Lectins; D034781:Receptors, N-Acetylglucosamine; C040129:wisteria lectin
keywords: Biliary tract carcinoma; Biomarker; Glycoproteomics; Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma; Multicenter study