title: Adjunctive effect of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy in induced periodontal disease. Animal study with histomorphometrical, immunohistochemical, and cytokine evaluation.
abstract: Scaling and root planing (SRP) may not always be effective in preventing periodontal disease (PD) progression. The aim of this study was to evaluate the adjunctive effect of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) to SRP on induced PD in rats, analyzing histomorphometrical, immunohistochemical, and immunoenzymatic parameters. Ligatures were placed around the first mandibular molars and second maxillary molars of 60 rats to induce PD. After 14 days, they were removed and the animals were divided into six groups, with nine animals each: G1 = no treatment, G2 = SRP, G3 = light-emitting diode (LED), G4 = SRP + aPDT, G5 = aPDT, and G6 = erythrosine. The animals were euthanized after 3, 7, and 15 days. There were also two control groups (n = 3): without PD (WPD) induction and with maximum PD (PD+). In the histomorphometrical analysis of linear bone loss, G4 showed a statistically significant difference from the other experimental groups after 3 and 15 days. The tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)-positive cell counting was significantly lower in G4 when compared to G2 and PD+ after 3 days. Immunoenzymatic assay shows the values of the ratio (RANKL/OPG × 100). The lowest value is from the WPD group, and the group that received the SRP + aPDT treatment tended to approach this value over time. After 3 days, statistically significant differences were observed between G4 and all other experimental groups, as well as versus PD+ (one-way ANOVA + Tukey's post hoc test were performed, p < 0.05). It was concluded that the adjunctive use of aPDT in combination with SRP showed the best therapeutic results in the treatment of periodontal disease in rats.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Periodontology, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Av. do Café, s/n, 14040-904, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Paula Gabriela Faciola Pessôa
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: de Oliveira
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Periodontology, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Av. do Café, s/n, 14040-904, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Adriana Maria Mariano
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Silveira E Souza
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Periodontology, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Av. do Café, s/n, 14040-904, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Arthur Belém
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Novaes
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Periodontology, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Av. do Café, s/n, 14040-904, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Mário
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Taba
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Periodontology, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Av. do Café, s/n, 14040-904, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Michel Reis
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Messora
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Periodontology, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Av. do Café, s/n, 14040-904, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Daniela Bazan
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Palioto
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Periodontology, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Av. do Café, s/n, 14040-904, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Márcio Fernando Moraes
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Grisi
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Philosophy, Science and Arts, University of São Paulo, Av. Dos Bandeirantes 3900, 14040-901, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Antônio Cláudio
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Tedesco
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Periodontology, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Av. do Café, s/n, 14040-904, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil. scombatti@forp.usp.br.
authors.forename: Sérgio Luis Scombatti
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: de Souza
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D012534:Dental Scaling / Q000379:methods; D004923:Erythrosine; D010510:Periodontal Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D010778:Photochemotherapy / Q000379:methods*; D053245:RANK Ligand / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D016745:Root Planing / Q000379:methods; D000071681:Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D016207:Cytokines; D053245:RANK Ligand; C505688:TNFSF11 protein, human; D000071681:Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase; D004923:Erythrosine
keywords: Alveolar bone loss; Erythrosine; Periodontitis; Photodynamic therapy