title: Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.
abstract: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a disease with high prevalence and substantial associated economical burden. A significant determinant of quality of life, long-term survival, and health care costs is an acute exacerbation of COPD. Acute exacerbations are provoked by respiratory viruses, altered airway microbiome, and environmental factors. The current treatment options are limited. In order to develop specific therapeutic measures, it is important to understand how acute exacerbations evolve. This review focuses on pathophysiology of stable and exacerbated COPD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Xuzhou People's Hospital, 19 Zhongshan North Road, Xuzhou, 221003, Jiangsu, China.
authors.forename: Xianghui
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Xuzhou People's Hospital, 19 Zhongshan North Road, Xuzhou, 221003, Jiangsu, China. dr-liqingling@163.com.
authors.forename: Qingling
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Xuzhou People's Hospital, 19 Zhongshan North Road, Xuzhou, 221003, Jiangsu, China.
authors.forename: Xincan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhou
mesh_terms: D001419:Bacteria / Q000302:isolation & purification; D004267:DNA Viruses / Q000302:isolation & purification; D018450:Disease Progression; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology* / Q000821:virology; D011788:Quality of Life; D012328:RNA Viruses / Q000302:isolation & purification
keywords: Bacteria; COPD; Exacerbation; Inflammation; Innate immunity; Review; Virus