title: Effect of exercise training on ventilatory efficiency in patients with heart disease: a review.
abstract: The analysis of ventilatory efficiency in cardiopulmonary exercise testing has proven useful for assessing the presence and severity of cardiorespiratory diseases. During exercise, efficient pulmonary gas exchange is characterized by uniform matching of lung ventilation with perfusion. By contrast, mismatching is marked by inefficient pulmonary gas exchange, requiring increased ventilation for a given CO2 production. The etiology of increased and inefficient ventilatory response to exercise in heart disease is multifactorial, involving both peripheral and central mechanisms. Exercise training has been recommended as non-pharmacological treatment for patients with different chronic cardiopulmonary diseases. In this respect, previous studies have reported improvements in ventilatory efficiency after aerobic exercise training in patients with heart disease. Against this background, the primary objective of the present review was to discuss the pathophysiological mechanisms involved in abnormal ventilatory response to exercise, with an emphasis on both patients with heart failure syndrome and coronary artery disease. Secondly, special focus was dedicated to the role of aerobic exercise training in improving indices of ventilatory efficiency among these patients, as well as to the underlying mechanisms involved.
authors.affiliation: Grupo TotalCare-Amil, São Paulo, SP , Brasil, Grupo TotalCare-Amil, São Paulo, SP, Brasil.
authors.forename: D M L
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Prado
authors.affiliation: Grupo TotalCare-Amil, São Paulo, SP , Brasil, Grupo TotalCare-Amil, São Paulo, SP, Brasil.
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Rocco
authors.affiliation: Grupo TotalCare-Amil, São Paulo, SP , Brasil, Grupo TotalCare-Amil, São Paulo, SP, Brasil.|Universidade Santa Cecília, Universidade Santa Cecília, Santos, SP , Brasil, Universidade Santa Cecília, Santos, SP, Brasil.
authors.forename: A G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.affiliation: Universidade Santa Cecília, Universidade Santa Cecília, Santos, SP , Brasil, Universidade Santa Cecília, Santos, SP, Brasil.
authors.forename: D F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Rocco
authors.affiliation: Universidade Santa Cecília, Universidade Santa Cecília, Santos, SP , Brasil, Universidade Santa Cecília, Santos, SP, Brasil.
authors.forename: M T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Pacheco
authors.affiliation: Grupo TotalCare-Amil, São Paulo, SP , Brasil, Grupo TotalCare-Amil, São Paulo, SP, Brasil.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Furlan
mesh_terms: D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000534:rehabilitation; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005080:Exercise Test; D005081:Exercise Therapy / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000534:rehabilitation; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000502:physiology; D011659:Pulmonary Gas Exchange / Q000502:physiology; D012123:Pulmonary Ventilation / Q000502:physiology*; D013997:Time Factors