title: Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis of the Adolescent Motivation to Cook Questionnaire: A Self-Determination Theory instrument.
abstract: Increasing adolescents' motivation and competence to cook may improve diet quality and reduce the risk for obesity and chronic diseases. The objective of this study was to develop an instrument to measure adolescents' intrinsic motivation to prepare healthy foods and the four psychological needs that facilitate motivation identified by the Self Determination Theory (SDT). Five hundred ninety-three high school students (62.7% female) were recruited to complete the survey. Participants indicated to what extent they agreed or disagreed with 25 statements pertaining to intrinsic motivation and perceived competence to cook, and their perceived autonomy support, autonomy, and relatedness to teachers and classmates. Data were analyzed using exploratory factor analysis (EFA), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and internal consistency reliability. EFA returned a five-factor structure explaining 65.3% of the variance; and CFA revealed that the best model fit was a five-factor structure (χ2 = 524.97 (265); Comparative Fit Index = 0.93; RMSEA = 0.056; and SRMR = 0.04). The sub-scales showed good internal consistency (Intrinsic Motivation: α = 0.94; Perceived Competence: α = 0.92; Autonomy Support: α = 0.94; Relatedness: α = 0.90; and Autonomy: α = 0.85). These results support the application of the Adolescent Motivation to Cook Questionnaire to measure adolescents' motivation and perceived competence to cook, autonomy support by their instructor, autonomy in the classroom, and relatedness to peers. Further studies are needed to investigate whether this instrument can measure change in cooking intervention programs.
authors.affiliation: School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA. Electronic address: dmiket1@lsu.edu.
authors.forename: Derek
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Miketinas
authors.affiliation: Department of Agricultural and Extension Education & Evaluation, Louisiana State University and Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA. Electronic address: mcater@agcenter.lsu.edu.
authors.forename: Melissa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cater
authors.affiliation: School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA. Electronic address: adelon3@lsu.edu.
authors.forename: Ariana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bailey
authors.affiliation: School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA. Electronic address: bzawod2@lsu.edu.
authors.forename: Brittany
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Craft
authors.affiliation: School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Louisiana State University and Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA. Electronic address: gtuuri@agcenter.lsu.edu.
authors.forename: Georgianna
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tuuri
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000294:Adolescent Behavior / Q000523:psychology*; D003296:Cooking; D005006:Ethnicity; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D005260:Female; D015438:Health Behavior; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009042:Motivation; D026684:Personal Autonomy; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013334:Students; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: Adolescents; Cooking; Factor analysis; Intrinsic motivation; Questionnaire; Self-Determination Theory