title: Nephron sparing endoscopic treatment for primary carcinoma of the renal calyx: A case report and literature review.
abstract: Primary carcinoma of the renal calyx is extremely rare. The present study reported nephron sparing endoscopic treatment for primary carcinoma of the renal calyx. An 81-year-old female presented with a 1-year history of intermittent painless gross hematuria. Computed tomography and X-ray of the urinary tract were unable to definitively identify any lesion. Flexible ureteroscopic examination revealed a tumor with epicenter in the lower calyx of the right kidney, with additional involvement around the calyx. Biopsies were obtained and pathology revealed low-grade urothelial carcinoma. Considering additional co-morbidities, the patient elected to undergo endoscopic management with thulium laser. The present report described the feasibility of flexible ureteroscopic thulium laser resection for the treatment of renal calyx carcinoma.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Q I
authors.initials: QI
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Tong-Wen
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Ou
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Jia-Wei
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Jin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Borazjani
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Chun-Song
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Jia
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, P.R. China.
authors.forename: X U
authors.initials: XU
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Hao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yan
keywords: calyx; carcinoma; renal pelvis; thulium laser; ureteroscopic surgery