title: Response to phenylephrine testing in upper eyelids with ptosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the response of ptotic upper eyelids to topical phenylephrine 10%.
  
  
  METHODS
  The medical records of patients referred for ptosis evaluation over an 18-month period were retrospectively reviewed. Seventy-seven ptotic upper eyelids with aponeurotic dehiscence in 47 patients were given 1 drop of 10% phenylephrine. Margin-to-reflex distance 1 (MRD1) and levator excursion were recorded and photography of lid height was performed both pre- and 5 minutes post-phenylephrine testing.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 77 ptotic upper eyelids of 47 patients were included. In 22% of lids, phenylephrine testing produced no response; in 18%, lid elevation of 0.5-1 mm; in 35%, elevation of 1.5-2 mm; and in 25%, elevation of > 2 mm. Subgroup analyses revealed a higher proportion of response in cases of mild to moderate ptosis compared with cases of severe ptosis. The amount of levator function in these cases of aponeurotic dehiscence did not correlate with the amount of response to phenylephrine.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A majority of ptotic eyelids, regardless of levator function, responded to topical phenylephrine, which has been demonstrated to be necessary for successful Müller's muscle resection ptosis repair. While the severity of ptosis was linked to eyelid response to phenylephrine, the degree of levator function did not appear to affect an eyelid's response to phenylephrine. In this study cohort, phenylephrine was shown to stimulate Müller's muscle contraction independently of levator function.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts;
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Grace Lee
authors.affiliation: Lexington Eye Associates, Lexington, Massachusetts;
authors.forename: Li-Wei
authors.initials: LW
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia.
authors.forename: Sonia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mehta
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts;
authors.forename: Suzanne K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Freitag
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001763:Blepharoptosis / Q000503:physiopathology*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005143:Eyelids / Q000187:drug effects*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000187:drug effects; D009184:Mydriatics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009801:Oculomotor Muscles / Q000187:drug effects; D010656:Phenylephrine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D009184:Mydriatics; D010656:Phenylephrine