title: Advances in the enzymatic production of L-hexoses.
abstract: Rare sugars have recently drawn attention because of their potential applications and huge market demands in the food and pharmaceutical industries. All L-hexoses are considered rare sugars, as they rarely occur in nature and are thus very expensive. L-Hexoses are important components of biologically relevant compounds as well as being used as precursors for certain pharmaceutical drugs and thus play an important role in the pharmaceutical industry. Many general strategies have been established for the synthesis of L-hexoses; however, the only one used in the biotechnology industry is the Izumoring strategy. In hexose Izumoring, four entrances link the D- to L-enantiomers, ketose 3-epimerases catalyze the C-3 epimerization of L-ketohexoses, and aldose isomerases catalyze the specific bioconversion of L-ketohexoses and the corresponding L-aldohexoses. In this article, recent studies on the enzymatic production of various L-hexoses are reviewed based on the Izumoring strategy.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China.
authors.forename: Ziwei
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China.
authors.forename: Wenli
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China.|Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China.|Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China. wmmu@jiangnan.edu.cn.|Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China. wmmu@jiangnan.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Wanmeng
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Mu
mesh_terms: D019747:Aldose-Ketose Isomerases / Q000378:metabolism*; D002384:Catalysis; D006601:Hexoses / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D019998:Racemases and Epimerases / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D006601:Hexoses; D019998:Racemases and Epimerases; D019747:Aldose-Ketose Isomerases
keywords: Bioconversion; Izumoring; L-hexose; Monosaccharide; Rare sugar