title: Serum oxidative stress parameters and paraoxonase-1 in children and adolescents exposed to passive smoking.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Exposure to secondhand smoke is too common in many countries. The mechanism of the detrimental effects of passive smoking on childhood health, however, is poorly described. The purpose of this study was therefore to examine the effect of passive smoking on total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS), and paraoxonase-1 in children compared with healthy non-passive smokers.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study included 40 children and adolescents passively exposed to cigarette smoke (as verified on urine cotinines) and 40 age- and gender-matched healthy controls not regularly exposed to cigarette smoke. TAS, TOS, and paraoxonase-1 were all measured, and the oxidative stress index (OSI) calculated for each child to determine the degree of oxidative stress.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Age and gender distribution were not statistically different between the two groups (P = 0.619 and 0.712, respectively). Urine cotinine/creatinine was significantly higher in the passive smoking group (127.89 ± 57.14 ng/mL) compared with the controls (5.05 ± 16.66 ng/mL; P < 0.001). TAS was not different between the two groups (P = 0.767), but TOS and OSI were significantly higher for the passive smoke-exposed children (P < 0.001), and serum paraoxonase-1 was significantly lower than in the controls (P = 0.047).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Secondhand smoke exposure is associated with increased oxidative stress and decreased paraoxonase-1 without any change in antioxidant status.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Bezmialem Vakif University Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Feyza Ustabaş
authors.initials: FU
authors.lastname: Kahraman
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Bezmialem Vakif University Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Emel
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Torun
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Bezmialem Vakif University Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Nurcan Keskin
authors.initials: NK
authors.lastname: Osmanoğlu
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Bezmialem Vakif University Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Suera
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Oruçlu
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Bezmialem Vakif University Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ömer Faruk
authors.initials: ÖF
authors.lastname: Özer
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000032:analysis*; D043303:Aryldialkylphosphatase / Q000097:blood*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003367:Cotinine / Q000652:urine; D003404:Creatinine / Q000652:urine; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D015415:Biomarkers; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution; D003404:Creatinine; D043303:Aryldialkylphosphatase; D003367:Cotinine
keywords: children; paraoxonase-1; passive smoking; total antioxidant status; total oxidant status