title: Synthesis and application of green mixed-metal oxide nano-composite materials from solid waste for dye degradation.
abstract: Present study demonstrates reutilization of electrochemical (EC) sludge as a potential low-cost green catalyst for dye degradation. Hexagonal Fe2O3 type phase with trevorite (NiFe2O4)-type cubic phase nanocomposite material (NCM) was synthesized from solid waste sludge generated during EC treatment of textile industry wastewater with stainless steel electrode. For NCM synthesis, sludge was heated at different temperatures under controlled condition. Various synthesized NCMs were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (PXD), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis. The synthesized NCMs were found to contain iron, chromium, nickel and oxygen in the form of α-Fe2O3 (metal: oxygen = 40:60), (Fe,Cr,Ni)2O3 and trevorite NiFe2O4, (Ni,Fe,Cr) (Fe,Cr,Ni)2O4 (metal: oxygen = 43:57). Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), pore size distribution, and atomic force microscope (AFM) analysis showed distribution of grains of different shapes and sizes. Catalytic activity of NCM was studied by the methylene red dye degradation by using the catalytic wet peroxidation process. Zeta potential study was performed under different pH so as to determine the performance of the NCMs during dye degradation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, Uttarakhand, India; Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Taiwan University, 71, Chou-Shan Rd., Taipei 106, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Seema
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, Uttarakhand, India. Electronic address: vimalcsr@yahoo.co.in.
authors.forename: Vimal Chandra
authors.initials: VC
authors.lastname: Srivastava
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, Uttarakhand, India.
authors.forename: Tapas Kumar
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Mandal
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, Uttarakhand, India; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Petroleum & Energy Studies, Dehradun 248007, Uttarakhand, India.
authors.forename: Indra Deo
authors.initials: ID
authors.lastname: Mall
authors.affiliation: Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Taiwan University, 71, Chou-Shan Rd., Taipei 106, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Shang Lien
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Lo
mesh_terms: D002384:Catalysis; D002857:Chromium / Q000737:chemistry; D004396:Coloring Agents / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry*; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry*; D005290:Ferric Compounds / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D007501:Iron / Q000737:chemistry; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D053761:Nanocomposites / Q000737:chemistry*; D009532:Nickel / Q000737:chemistry; D010087:Oxides / Q000737:chemistry*; D056951:Photoelectron Spectroscopy; D012722:Sewage / Q000737:chemistry*; D013783:Textile Industry; D062065:Wastewater / Q000737:chemistry*; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction
chemical_list: D002857:Chromium; D004396:Coloring Agents; D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D005290:Ferric Compounds; D007501:Iron; D009532:Nickel; D010087:Oxides; D012722:Sewage; D062065:Wastewater
keywords: Catalytic activity; Electrochemical sludge; Fe(2)O(3); NCMs; Zeta potential