title: NK cells contribute to persistent airway inflammation and AHR during the later stage of RSV infection in mice.
abstract: RSV can lead to persistent airway inflammation and AHR and is intimately associated with childhood recurrent wheezing and asthma, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. There are high numbers of NK cells in the lung, which not only play important roles in the acute stage of RSV infection, but also are pivotal in regulating the pathogenesis of asthma. Therefore, in this study, we assumed that NK cells might contribute to persistent airway disease during the later stage of RSV infection. Mice were killed at serial time points after RSV infection to collect samples. Leukocytes in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were counted, lung histopathology was examined, and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) was measured by whole-body plethysmography. Cytokines were detected by ELISA, and NK cells were determined by flow cytometry. Rabbit anti-mouse asialo-GM-1 antibodies and resveratrol were used to deplete or suppress NK cells. Inflammatory cells in BALF, lung tissue damage and AHR were persistent for 60 days post-RSV infection. Type 2 cytokines and NK cells were significantly increased during the later stage of infection. When NK cells were decreased by the antibodies or resveratrol, type 2 cytokines, the persistent airway inflammation and AHR were all markedly reduced. NK cells can contribute to the RSV-associated persistent airway inflammation and AHR at least partially by promoting type 2 cytokines. Therefore, therapeutic targeting of NK cells may provide a novel approach to alleviating the recurrent wheezing subsequent to RSV infection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, No. 136, Zhongshan 2nd Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400014, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xiaoru
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Long
authors.affiliation: Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, No. 136, Zhongshan 2nd Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400014, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.affiliation: Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders; Key Laboratory of Pediatrics in Chongqing, CSTC2009CA5002; Chongqing International Science and Technology Cooperation Center for Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Keting
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders; Key Laboratory of Pediatrics in Chongqing, CSTC2009CA5002; Chongqing International Science and Technology Cooperation Center for Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders; Key Laboratory of Pediatrics in Chongqing, CSTC2009CA5002; Chongqing International Science and Technology Cooperation Center for Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders; Key Laboratory of Pediatrics in Chongqing, CSTC2009CA5002; Chongqing International Science and Technology Cooperation Center for Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Sisi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, No. 136, Zhongshan 2nd Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400014, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Na
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Zang
authors.affiliation: Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders; Key Laboratory of Pediatrics in Chongqing, CSTC2009CA5002; Chongqing International Science and Technology Cooperation Center for Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Luo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ren
authors.affiliation: Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, No. 136, Zhongshan 2nd Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400014, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Deng
authors.affiliation: Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, No. 136, Zhongshan 2nd Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400014, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xiaohong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.affiliation: Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, No. 136, Zhongshan 2nd Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400014, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Lijia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, No. 136, Zhongshan 2nd Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400014, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Zhou
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.affiliation: Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, No. 136, Zhongshan 2nd Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400014, People's Republic of China. emliu186@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Enmei
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001992:Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid / Q000737:chemistry / Q000166:cytology; D016207:Cytokines / Q000032:analysis; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006651:Histocytochemistry; D007249:Inflammation / Q000473:pathology*; D007694:Killer Cells, Natural / Q000276:immunology*; D008168:Lung / Q000473:pathology; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008819:Mice, Nude; D010991:Plethysmography; D012130:Respiratory Hypersensitivity / Q000473:pathology*; D018357:Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines
keywords: AHR; NK cells; Persistent airway inflammation; RSV; Type 2 cytokines