title: Controlling the Integration of Polyvinylpyrrolidone onto Substrate by Quartz Crystal Microbalance with Dissipation To Achieve Excellent Protein Resistance and Detoxification.
abstract: Blood purification systems, in which the adsorbent removes exogenous and endogenous toxins from the blood, are widely used in clinical practice. To improve the protein resistance of and detoxification by the adsorbent, researchers can modify the adsorbent with functional molecules, such as polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). However, achieving precise control of the functional molecular density, which is crucial to the activity of the adsorbent, remains a significant challenge. In the present study, we prepared a model system for blood purification adsorbents in which we controlled the integration density of PVP molecules of different molecular weights on an Au substrate by quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM-D). We characterized the samples with atomic force microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and QCM-D and found that the molecular density and the chain length of the PVP molecules played important roles in determining the properties of the sample. At the optimal condition, the modified sample demonstrated strong resistance to plasma proteins, decreasing the adsorption of human serum albumin (HSA) and fibrinogen (Fg) by 92.5% and 79.2%, respectively. In addition, the modified sample exhibited excellent detoxification, and the adsorption of bilirubin increased 2.6-fold. Interestingly, subsequent atomistic molecular dynamics simulations indicated that the favorable interactions between PVP and bilirubin were dominated by hydrophobic interactions. An in vitro platelet adhesion assay showed that the adhesion of platelets on the sample decreased and that the platelets were maintained in an inactivated state. The CCK-8 assay indicated that the modified sample exhibited negligible cytotoxicity to L929 cells. These results demonstrated that our method holds great potential for the modification of adsorbents in blood purification systems.
authors.affiliation: School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510641, China.|National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration & Reconstruction, South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510006, China.
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.affiliation: National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration & Reconstruction, South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510006, China.
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Xiangze
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zeng
authors.forename: Xiaoyan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.affiliation: School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510641, China.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510641, China.
authors.forename: Sa
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration & Reconstruction, South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510006, China.
authors.forename: Xuetao
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.affiliation: School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510641, China.
authors.forename: Yingjun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Xuhui
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510641, China.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ren
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D006801:Humans; D057927:Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; D011205:Povidone; D011791:Quartz; D058525:Quartz Crystal Microbalance Techniques; D013499:Surface Properties
chemical_list: D011791:Quartz; D011205:Povidone
keywords: bilirubin; detoxification; protein resistance; quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation; surface modification