title: Utilization Pattern and Drug Use of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Western Medicine, and Integrated Chinese-Western Medicine Treatments for Allergic Rhinitis Under the National Health Insurance Program in Taiwan.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Patients in Taiwan with allergic rhinitis seek not only Western medicine treatment but also Traditional Chinese Medicine treatment or integrated Chinese-Western medicine treatment. Various studies have conducted pairwise comparison on Traditional Chinese Medicine, Western medicine, and integrated Chinese-Western medicine treatments. However, none conducted simultaneous analysis of the three treatments. This study analyzed patients with allergic rhinitis receiving the three treatments to identify differences in demographic characteristic and medical use and thereby to determine drug use patterns of different treatments.
  
  
  METHODS
  The National Health Insurance Research Database was the data source, and included patients were those diagnosed with allergic rhinitis (International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification codes 470-478). Chi-square test and Tukey studentized range (honest significant difference) test were conducted to investigate the differences among the three treatments.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Visit frequency for allergic rhinitis treatment was higher in female than male patients, regardless of treatment with Traditional Chinese Medicine, Western medicine, or integrated Chinese-Western medicine. Persons aged 0-19 years ranked the highest in proportion of visits for allergic rhinitis. Traditional Chinese Medicine treatment had more medical items per person-time and daily drug cost per person-time and had the lowest total expenditure per person-time. In contrast, Western medicine had the lowest daily drug cost per person-time and the highest total expenditure per person-time. The total expenditure per person-time, daily drug cost per person-time, and medical items per person-time of integrated Chinese-Western medicine treatment lay between those seen with Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western medicine treatments.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although only 6.82 % of patients with allergic rhinitis chose integrated Chinese-Western medicine treatment, the visit frequency per person-year of integrated Chinese-Western medicine ranked highest. In addition, multiple-composition medicines were used more frequently than single-composition medicines, and mar huang (Ephedra sinica Stapf) was seldom used to decrease the risk of combining medications.
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University , Taiwan .|2 Chang-Hua Hospital , Ministry of Health and Welfare, Changhua County, Taiwan .
authors.forename: Sheng-Kang
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: 3 Department of International Business, National Taichung University of Education , Taichung, Taiwan .
authors.forename: Chih-Sung
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Lai
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University , Taiwan .
authors.forename: Yuan-Shiun
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: 4 Department of Nursing, Hung Kuang University , Taichung, Taiwan .
authors.forename: Yu-Ling
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Ho
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D019033:Delivery of Health Care, Integrated / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D008516:Medicine, Chinese Traditional / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009313:National Health Programs; D065631:Rhinitis, Allergic / Q000188:drug therapy*; D013624:Taiwan; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal
keywords: Traditional Chinese Medicine; Western medicine; allergic rhinitis; integrated treatment; multiple-composition Chinese medicines; single-composition Chinese medicines