title: Evaluation of the Honey-Card Technique for Detection of Transmission of Arboviruses in Florida and Comparison With Sentinel Chicken Seroconversion.
abstract: Zoonotic mosquito-borne viruses, such as the West Nile virus (WNV) and eastern equine encephalitis virus (EEEV), are major public health threats in the United States. Early detection of virus transmission and targeted vector management are critical to protect humans against these pathogens. Sentinel chickens and pool screening of mosquitoes, the most widely used methods of arbovirus early detection, have technical time-lags that compromise their early-detection value. The exploitation of sugar-feeding by trapped mosquitoes for arbovirus surveillance may represent a viable alternative to other methods. Here we compared effectiveness of sugar-impregnated nucleic-acid preserving substrates (SIPS) and sentinel chicken program for detecting WNV, EEEV, and St. Louis encephalitis virus in gravid traps, CO2-baited light traps, and resting traps at 10 locations in two Florida counties. In St. Johns County, comparable numbers of EEEV detections were made by SIPS traps (18) and sentinel chickens (22), but fewer WNV detections were made using SIPS (1) than sentinel chickens (13). In Volusia County, seven arbovirus detections were made via the sentinel chicken program (one EEEV and six WNV), whereas only one arbovirus detection (WNV) was made using SIPS. CO2-baited light traps captured >90% of total mosquitoes, yet yielded <30% of arbovirus detections. Resting traps and gravid traps captured a fraction of total mosquitoes, yet yielded roughly equivalent numbers of arbovirus detections, as did light traps. Challenges to successful deployment of SIPS include optimization of traps for collecting all vector species, increasing sugar-feeding rates of trapped vectors, and developing tractable methods for arbovirus detection.
authors.affiliation: University of Florida IFAS, Florida Medical Entomology Laboratory, 200 9th St. SE, Vero Beach, FL 32962 (nburkettcadena@ufl.edu; tanise@ufl.edu; c.acevedo@ufl.edu) nburkettcadena@ufl.edu.
authors.forename: Nathan D
authors.initials: ND
authors.lastname: Burkett-Cadena
authors.affiliation: Anastasia Mosquito Control District, 500 Old Beach Road, St. Augustine, FL 32080 (gibsonamcd@bellsouth.net; xueamcd@gmail.com; aliamcd@bellsouth.net).
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gibson
authors.affiliation: Volusia County Mosquito Control, 801 South St, New Smyrna Beach, FL 32168 (mlauth@volusia.org; jmcnelly@volusia.org; enorthey@volusia.org).
authors.forename: Miranda
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lauth
authors.affiliation: University of Florida IFAS, Florida Medical Entomology Laboratory, 200 9th St. SE, Vero Beach, FL 32962 (nburkettcadena@ufl.edu; tanise@ufl.edu; c.acevedo@ufl.edu).
authors.forename: Tanise
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Stenn
authors.affiliation: University of Florida IFAS, Florida Medical Entomology Laboratory, 200 9th St. SE, Vero Beach, FL 32962 (nburkettcadena@ufl.edu; tanise@ufl.edu; c.acevedo@ufl.edu).
authors.forename: Carolina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Acevedo
authors.affiliation: Anastasia Mosquito Control District, 500 Old Beach Road, St. Augustine, FL 32080 (gibsonamcd@bellsouth.net; xueamcd@gmail.com; aliamcd@bellsouth.net).
authors.forename: Rui-de
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Xue
authors.affiliation: Volusia County Mosquito Control, 801 South St, New Smyrna Beach, FL 32168 (mlauth@volusia.org; jmcnelly@volusia.org; enorthey@volusia.org).
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: McNelly
authors.affiliation: Volusia County Mosquito Control, 801 South St, New Smyrna Beach, FL 32168 (mlauth@volusia.org; jmcnelly@volusia.org; enorthey@volusia.org).
authors.forename: Edward
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Northey
authors.affiliation: Global Health Infectious Disease Program, University of South Florida, 3720 Spectrum Blvd., Tampa, FL 33612 (hhassan@health.usf.edu; Andrea.Bingham@flhealth.gov; jose19@mail.usf.edu; avanolp@clemson.edu; tunnasch@health.usf.edu).
authors.forename: Hassan K
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Hassan
authors.affiliation: Anastasia Mosquito Control District, 500 Old Beach Road, St. Augustine, FL 32080 (gibsonamcd@bellsouth.net; xueamcd@gmail.com; aliamcd@bellsouth.net).
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fulcher
authors.affiliation: Global Health Infectious Disease Program, University of South Florida, 3720 Spectrum Blvd., Tampa, FL 33612 (hhassan@health.usf.edu; Andrea.Bingham@flhealth.gov; jose19@mail.usf.edu; avanolp@clemson.edu; tunnasch@health.usf.edu).|Present Address: Florida Department of Health, Division of Disease Control and Health Protection, Bureau of Epidemiology, 4052 Bald Cypress Way, Bin # A12, Tallahassee, Florida 32399-1710, and.
authors.forename: Andrea M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Bingham
authors.affiliation: Global Health Infectious Disease Program, University of South Florida, 3720 Spectrum Blvd., Tampa, FL 33612 (hhassan@health.usf.edu; Andrea.Bingham@flhealth.gov; jose19@mail.usf.edu; avanolp@clemson.edu; tunnasch@health.usf.edu).
authors.forename: Jose
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: van Olphen
authors.affiliation: Global Health Infectious Disease Program, University of South Florida, 3720 Spectrum Blvd., Tampa, FL 33612 (hhassan@health.usf.edu; Andrea.Bingham@flhealth.gov; jose19@mail.usf.edu; avanolp@clemson.edu; tunnasch@health.usf.edu).|Present Address: Clemson University, Clemson Veterinary Diagnostic Center, PO Box 102406, Columbia, South Carolina 29224-2406.
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: van Olphen
authors.affiliation: Global Health Infectious Disease Program, University of South Florida, 3720 Spectrum Blvd., Tampa, FL 33612 (hhassan@health.usf.edu; Andrea.Bingham@flhealth.gov; jose19@mail.usf.edu; avanolp@clemson.edu; tunnasch@health.usf.edu).
authors.forename: Thomas R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Unnasch
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001103:Arboviruses / Q000145:classification / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D002241:Carbohydrates; D002645:Chickens; D009033:Culicidae / Q000821:virology*; D004663:Encephalitis Virus, Eastern Equine / Q000302:isolation & purification; D004665:Encephalitis Virus, St. Louis / Q000302:isolation & purification; D005260:Female; D005431:Florida; D006722:Honey / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D018571:Sentinel Surveillance / Q000662:veterinary*; D000069078:Seroconversion; D014902:West Nile virus / Q000302:isolation & purification
chemical_list: D002241:Carbohydrates
keywords: Florida; arbovirus; mosquito sampling; sentinel animal; surveillance