title: Impact of dietary resistant starch type 4 on human gut microbiota and immunometabolic functions.
abstract: Dietary modulation of the gut microbiota impacts human health. Here we investigated the hitherto unknown effects of resistant starch type 4 (RS4) enriched diet on gut microbiota composition and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentrations in parallel with host immunometabolic functions in twenty individuals with signs of metabolic syndrome (MetS). Cholesterols, fasting glucose, glycosylated haemoglobin, and proinflammatory markers in the blood as well as waist circumference and % body fat were lower post intervention in the RS4 group compared with the control group. 16S-rRNA gene sequencing revealed a differential abundance of 71 bacterial operational taxonomic units, including the enrichment of three Bacteroides species and one each of Parabacteroides, Oscillospira, Blautia, Ruminococcus, Eubacterium, and Christensenella species in the RS4 group. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry revealed higher faecal SCFAs, including butyrate, propionate, valerate, isovalerate, and hexanoate after RS4-intake. Bivariate analyses showed RS4-specific associations of the gut microbiota with the host metabolic functions and SCFA levels. Here we show that dietary RS4 induced changes in the gut microbiota are linked to its biological activity in individuals with signs of MetS. These findings have potential implications for dietary guidelines in metabolic health management.
authors.affiliation: Health and Nutritional Sciences, South Dakota State University, Box 2203, Brookings, SD 57007, USA.
authors.forename: Bijaya
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Upadhyaya
authors.affiliation: Health and Nutritional Sciences, South Dakota State University, Box 2203, Brookings, SD 57007, USA.
authors.forename: Lacey
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: McCormack
authors.affiliation: Office of Regulatory Science, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, HFS-717, US Food and Drug Administration, College Park, MD 20740, USA.
authors.forename: Ali Reza
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Fardin-Kia
authors.affiliation: Health and Nutritional Sciences, South Dakota State University, Box 2203, Brookings, SD 57007, USA.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Juenemann
authors.affiliation: Health and Nutritional Sciences, South Dakota State University, Box 2203, Brookings, SD 57007, USA.
authors.forename: Sailendra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nichenametla
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science, South Dakota State University, Box 2170, Brookings, SD 57007, USA.
authors.forename: Jeffrey
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Clapper
authors.affiliation: Ethel Austin Martin Program in Human Nutrition, South Dakota State University, Box 506, Brookings, SD 57007, USA.
authors.forename: Bonny
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Specker
authors.affiliation: Health and Nutritional Sciences, South Dakota State University, Box 2203, Brookings, SD 57007, USA.
authors.forename: Moul
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dey
mesh_terms: D054392:Adipokines / Q000097:blood; D001439:Bacteroides / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism; D004032:Diet; D005051:Eubacterium / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D005232:Fatty Acids, Volatile / Q000032:analysis; D005243:Feces / Q000737:chemistry; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D000069196:Gastrointestinal Microbiome / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D013213:Starch / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D055105:Waist Circumference
chemical_list: D054392:Adipokines; D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D005232:Fatty Acids, Volatile; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; D013213:Starch