title: Prospective and Bidirectional Cross-Sectional Associations between Body Mass Index and Physical Activity following Liposuction: A Cohort Study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  It has been speculated that the immediate decrease in body fat following liposuction may affect body composition by feedback mechanisms of body fat regain. Physical activity has both short- and long-term impacts on health. Although the lay public often associates higher levels of physical activity with body fat distribution changes, studies on the association between physical activity and body fat distribution present inconsistent results. The aim of this study was to investigate the cross-sectional and prospective associations between physical activity and body mass index following liposuction.
  
  
  METHODS
  This is a prospective, bidirectional, cross-sectional study, including 526 liposuction patients, who were followed up at a mean of 11.7 and 24.3 months after surgery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The sum of skinfolds at 11.7 months was highly correlated with skinfolds at 24.3 months (rho = 0.74, p < 0.001). More than 85 percent of participants remained in the same quintile or changed by not more than one quintile during the 13.6-month period. Tracking of physical activity was considerably lower but still significant; the correlation was 0.24 (p < 0.001), and 61.4 percent of the patients moved one or less quintiles. In fully adjusted models, no significant cross-sectional or longitudinal associations were found between physical activity and body mass index.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The authors provide evidence of tracking of physical activity and particularly body mass index following liposuction. The authors' results do not support the hypothesis that physical activity and fatness are strongly related following liposuction.
authors.affiliation: Porto Alegre, Brazil.|From the School of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul Faculdade de Medicina-School of Medicine, and the Mãe de Deus Health System.
authors.forename: Denis Souto
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Valente
authors.affiliation: Porto Alegre, Brazil.|From the School of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul Faculdade de Medicina-School of Medicine, and the Mãe de Deus Health System.
authors.forename: Alexandre Vontobel
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Padoin
authors.affiliation: Porto Alegre, Brazil.|From the School of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul Faculdade de Medicina-School of Medicine, and the Mãe de Deus Health System.
authors.forename: Lauro Aita
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Carvalho
authors.affiliation: Porto Alegre, Brazil.|From the School of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul Faculdade de Medicina-School of Medicine, and the Mãe de Deus Health System.
authors.forename: Gustavo de Azambuja
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Pereira Filho
authors.affiliation: Porto Alegre, Brazil.|From the School of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul Faculdade de Medicina-School of Medicine, and the Mãe de Deus Health System.
authors.forename: Vinicius Weissheimer
authors.initials: VW
authors.lastname: Ribeiro
authors.affiliation: Porto Alegre, Brazil.|From the School of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul Faculdade de Medicina-School of Medicine, and the Mãe de Deus Health System.
authors.forename: Rafaela Koehler
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Zanella
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D050218:Body Fat Distribution / Q000379:methods*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D015187:Lipectomy / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors