title: The problems of cervical conization for postmenopausal patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Cervical conization is the definitive treatment for women of any age who have cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN). However, complications of the procedure have not been fully investigated in postmenopausal patients. The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the results and complications of cervical conization performed on premenopausal and postmenopausal patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study recruited 405 patients who had undergone cervical laser conization. The median age was 36 years (range 20 to 75), and there were 361 (89.1%) premenopausal and 44 (10.9%) postmenopausal women.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The length of the cone removed from the postmenopausal patients was significantly longer than the length from the premenopausal patients (17.9 ± 3.9 mm vs. 15.7 ± 3.6 mm, respectively; p = 0.02). The rate of positive endocervical cone margins from the premenopausal patients was significantly higher than the rate from the postmenopausal patients (9.1% vs. 0%, respectively; p = 0.037). The rate of cervical stenosis was significantly higher in postmenopausal patients than in premenopausal patients (59.1% vs. 8.3%; respectively; p < 0.0001). There was no difference in the rates of frequency of intraoperative complications.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although deep incision is mandatory for complete excision of CIN in postmenopausal patients, it increases the incidence of cervical stenosis. Cervical conization may be a less invasive surgical procedure for older women with CIN than hysterectomy; however, the risk of postoperative complications remains, causing a dilemma for physicians treating postmenopausal women with CIN.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hasegawa
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Torii
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Udagawa
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Fukasawa
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002584:Cervix Uteri / Q000473:pathology*; D019092:Conization / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D017698:Postmenopause; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D002578:Uterine Cervical Dysplasia / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*