title: Spatially oriented plasmonic 'nanograter' structures.
abstract: One of the key motivations in producing 3D structures has always been the realization of metamaterials with effective constituent properties that can be tuned in all propagation directions at various frequencies. Here, we report the investigation of spatially oriented "Nanograter" structures with orientation-dependent responses over a wide spectrum by focused-ion-beam based patterning and folding of thin film nanostructures. Au nano units of different shapes, standing along specifically designated orientations, were fabricated. Experimental measurements and simulation results show that such structures offer an additional degree of freedom for adjusting optical properties with the angle of inclination, in additional to the size of the structures. The response frequency can be varied in a wide range (8 μm-14 μm) by the spatial orientation (0°-180°) of the structures, transforming the response from magnetic into electric coupling. This may open up prospects for the fabrication of 3D nanostructures as optical interconnects, focusing elements and logic elements, moving toward the realization of 3D optical circuits.
authors.affiliation: Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
authors.forename: Zhe
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.|College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China.
authors.forename: Ajuan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.affiliation: School of Physics Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
authors.forename: Zhijie
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Gong
authors.affiliation: School of Physics Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
authors.forename: Hongqiang
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
authors.forename: Xiaoxiang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Xia
authors.affiliation: Joule Physics Laboratory, School of Computing, Science and Engineering, University of Salford, Salford, M5 4WT, UK.
authors.forename: Tiehan H
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.affiliation: Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
authors.forename: Junjie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
authors.forename: Haifang
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
authors.forename: Wuxia
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.|Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing 100871, China.
authors.forename: Changzhi
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gu