title: Technical note: Validation of a commercial system for the continuous and automated monitoring of dairy cow activity.
abstract: Current farm sizes do not allow the precise identification and tracking of individual cows and their health and behavioral records. Currently, the application of information technology within intensive dairy farming takes a key role in proper routine management to improve animal welfare and to enhance the comfort of dairy cows. An existing application based on information technology is represented by the GEA CowView system (GEA Farm Technologies, Bönen, Germany). This system is able to detect and monitor animal behavioral activities based on positioning, through the creation of a virtual map of the barn that outlines all the areas where cows have access. The aim of this study was to validate the accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of data provided by the CowView system. The validation was performed by comparing data automatically obtained from the CowView system with those obtained by a manual labeling procedure performed on video recordings. Data used for the comparisons were represented by the zone-related activities performed by the selected dairy cows and were classified into 2 categories: activity and localization. The duration in seconds of each of the activities/localizations detected both with the manual labeling and with the automated system were used to evaluate the correlation coefficients among data; and subsequently the accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of the automated monitoring system were calculated. The results of this validation study showed that the CowView automated monitoring system is able to identify the cow localization/position (alley, trough, cubicles) with high reliability in relation to the zone-related activities performed by dairy cows (accuracy higher than 95%). The results obtained support the CowView system as an innovative potential solution for the easier management of dairy cows.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary and Technological Sciences for Food Safety, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi, Via Celoria 10, 20133 Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Tullo
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary and Technological Sciences for Food Safety, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi, Via Celoria 10, 20133 Milan, Italy. Electronic address: ilaria.fontana@unimi.it.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Fontana
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary and Technological Sciences for Food Safety, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi, Via Celoria 10, 20133 Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gottardo
authors.affiliation: GEA Farm Technologies GmbH, Siemensstraße 25 59199 Bönen, Germany.
authors.forename: K H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Sloth
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary and Technological Sciences for Food Safety, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi, Via Celoria 10, 20133 Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Guarino
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D003612:Dairying; D005260:Female; D005858:Germany; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014741:Video Recording
keywords: automated monitoring system; dairy cow; sensor; validation