title: Effects of Beer, Non-Alcoholic Beer and Water Consumption before Exercise on Fluid and Electrolyte Homeostasis in Athletes.
abstract: Fluid and electrolyte status have a significant impact on physical performance and health. Pre-exercise recommendations cite the possibility of consuming beverages with high amounts of sodium. In this sense, non-alcoholic beer can be considered an effective pre-exercise hydration beverage. This double-blind, randomized study aimed to compare the effect of beer, non-alcoholic beer and water consumption before exercise on fluid and electrolyte homeostasis. Seven male soccer players performed 45 min of treadmill running at 65% of the maximal heart rate, 45 min after ingesting 0.7 L of water (W), beer (AB) or non-alcoholic beer (NAB). Body mass, plasma Na⁺ and K⁺ concentrations and urine specific gravity (USG) were assessed before fluid consumption and after exercise. After exercise, body mass decreased (p < 0.05) in W (-1.1%), AB (-1.0%) and NAB (-1.0%). In the last minutes of exercise, plasma Na⁺ was reduced (p < 0.05) in W (-3.9%) and AB (-3.7%), plasma K⁺ was increased (p < 0.05) in AB (8.5%), and USG was reduced in W (-0.9%) and NAB (-1.0%). Collectively, these results suggest that non-alcoholic beer before exercise could help maintain electrolyte homeostasis during exercise. Alcoholic beer intake reduced plasma Na⁺ and increased plasma K⁺ during exercise, which may negatively affect health and physical performance, and finally, the consumption of water before exercise could induce decreases of Na⁺ in plasma during exercise.
authors.affiliation: Exercise Science Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Finis Terrae, Av. Pedro de Valdivia 1509, Providencia, Santiago 7500000, Chile. m.castro.med@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Mauricio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Castro-Sepulveda
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA. neil.johannsen@pbrc.edu.|School of Kinesiology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA. neil.johannsen@pbrc.edu.
authors.forename: Neil
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Johannsen
authors.affiliation: Family Health Center, El Peral s/n Sector La Pirca, Panquehue 2210000, Chile. bote_seba15@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Sebastián
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Astudillo
authors.affiliation: Nutrition and Exercise Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Mayor, Santiago 8320000, Chile. cjorquera6@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Jorquera
authors.affiliation: Family Health Center, Los Lagos 5170000, Chile. profecristian.alvarez@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Cristian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Álvarez
authors.affiliation: Exercise Science Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Finis Terrae, Av. Pedro de Valdivia 1509, Providencia, Santiago 7500000, Chile. hzbinden@uft.cl.
authors.forename: Hermann
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zbinden-Foncea
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Activity Sciences, Universidad de Los Lagos, Osorno 5290000, Chile. r.ramirez@ulagos.cl.
authors.forename: Rodrigo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ramírez-Campillo
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D056352:Athletes; D001515:Beer; D001826:Body Fluids / Q000502:physiology*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D006706:Homeostasis / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012420:Running; D014867:Water; D014882:Water-Electrolyte Balance / Q000187:drug effects*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D014867:Water
keywords: blood electrolytes; fluid balance during-exercise; hydration before-exercise