title: Montreal Cognitive Assessment and Mini-Mental State Examination reliable change indices in healthy older adults.
abstract: Cognitive tests are used repeatedly to assess the treatment response or progression of cognitive disorders. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) is a valid screening test for mild cognitive impairment. The aim of our study was to establish 90% reliable change indices (RCI) for the MoCA together with the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) in cognitively healthy older adults.
  
  
  
  We analyzed 197 cognitively healthy and functional independent volunteers aged 60-94 years, who met strict inclusion criteria for four consecutive years. The RCI methods by Chelune and Hsu were used.
  
  
  
  For 1, 2, and 3 years, the 90% RCI for MoCA using Chelune's formula were -4 ≤, ≥4; -4 ≤, ≥4 and -5 ≤, ≥4 points, respectively, and -3 ≤, ≥3 for the MMSE each year. Ninety percent RCI for MoCA using Hsu's formula ranged from -6 to 0, respectively, and +3 to +8 dependent on the baseline MoCA.
  
  
  
  Our study demonstrated RCI for the MoCA and MMSE in a 3-year time period that can be used for the estimation of cognitive decline or improvement in clinical settings. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Miloslav
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kopecek
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic.|Department of Neurology and Centre of Clinical Neuroscience, First Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital in Prague, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Ondrej
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Bezdicek
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Zdenek
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Sulc
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Jiri
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lukavsky
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Hana
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Stepankova
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D010054:Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale; D060825:Cognitive Dysfunction / Q000175:diagnosis*; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D015577:Geriatric Assessment / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D000073216:Mental Status and Dementia Tests; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests
keywords: aging; cognition; reliability and validity