title: Struthanthus vulgaris ointment prevents an over expression of inflammatory response and accelerates the cutaneous wound healing.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Struthanthus vulgaris (Vell.) Mart. (Loranthaceae) has been largely used in traditional folk medicine in Brazil as an anti-inflammatory agent and to treat various skin disorders, including wounds.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigated the influence of 5% Struthanthus vulgaris ointment during cutaneous wound healing in rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty Wistar rats were used in each group according the daily treatment, S. vulgaris 5% ointment (SV 5%) and vehicle control groups. Four full thicknesses wounds were punched in back side skin of each animal, and five animals were sacrificed after 2, 7, 14 and 21 days after surgery for histological, immunological and biochemical analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A significant wound closured area in the S. vulgaris 5% group of about 38% and 35% as compared to 19% and 21% in the control group was observed after 2 and 5 days, respectively. Histological and biochemical analysis of the skin biopsies showed that S. vulgaris treated wounds exhibited increased granulation tissue and regulated the inflammatory response by modulating the release of pro and anti-inflammatory cytokines like IL-1α, TNF-α and IL-10, nitric oxide and, growth factors like TGF-β. Moreover, S. vulgaris showed a marked and robust increase in the deposition and organization of collagen fibers in the wounds, and improve the quality of the scar tissue.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Altogether these data revealed that S. vulgaris seems to prevent an over expression of inflammation and accelerates wound epithelialization and might be beneficial for treating healing disorders.
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Vila Velha, Vila Velha, Espirito Santo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Luciane Souza
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Dos Santos Gramma
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Vila Velha, Vila Velha, Espirito Santo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Franciane Martins
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Marques
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Vila Velha, Vila Velha, Espirito Santo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Cátia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Vittorazzi
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Biomédicas, Centro Universitário Hermínio Ometto - UNIARARAS, Araras, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Thiago Antônio Moretti
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: de Andrade
authors.affiliation: Divisão de Dermatologia, Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marco Andrey Cipriani
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Frade
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Vila Velha, Vila Velha, Espirito Santo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Tadeu Uggere
authors.initials: TU
authors.lastname: de Andrade
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Vila Velha, Vila Velha, Espirito Santo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Denise Coutinho
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Endringer
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Vila Velha, Vila Velha, Espirito Santo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rodrigo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Scherer
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Vila Velha, Vila Velha, Espirito Santo, Brazil. Electronic address: marcio.fronza@uvv.br.
authors.forename: Marcio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fronza
mesh_terms: D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001706:Biopsy; D002921:Cicatrix / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D024022:Fibrillar Collagens / Q000378:metabolism; D006097:Granulation Tissue / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism*; D028183:Loranthaceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D008297:Male; D009824:Ointments; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry; D010946:Plants, Medicinal; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D062326:Re-Epithelialization / Q000187:drug effects; D012867:Skin / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000293:injuries / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D013997:Time Factors; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000187:drug effects*; D014950:Wounds, Penetrating / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D016207:Cytokines; D024022:Fibrillar Collagens; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D009824:Ointments; D010936:Plant Extracts
keywords: Cytokines; Inflammation; Inflammatory infiltrate; Medicinal plants; Struthanthus vulgaris; Wound healing