title: An immunohistochemical study of cytokeratins distribution of the human adult male and female urethra.
abstract: Surgical treatment of diseases affecting long urethral areas represents a challenge in urology. Recent developments of tissue-engineered urethral substitutes represent a hope for patients. However finding an ideal tissue source for urethral reconstruction first requires proper understanding of the native human urethra physiology and a deep knowledge of the histological and molecular features of the native human urethra. Here we present a comprehensive characterization of male and female urethra by histological, histochemical and immunohistochemical methods with a panel of 15 antibodies. The results demonstrated that the histology of the male and female urethra depend on the area where the sample is taken along its length. Proximal areas of male and female urethra have differential expression of the epithelial basal and suprabasal layer markers CK14 and CK10 which distinguished the prostatic/membranous and proximal female urethra from the bulbar/penile and distal female areas of the urethra. The distal male (penile) and female may be further divided by the distinct expression pattern of CK19. On the other hand, the expression of CK5/6 and CK19 also make a distinction of the proximal and distal female urethra. These results should facilitate a more informed selection of donor graft tissues for urethral replacement. Besides, novel bioengineered urethral tissue approaches should take into account the characterization of the different areas of the urethra presented in this work.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, Spain.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Herrera-Imbroda
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, Spain.
authors.forename: I M
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Aragón
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Malaga, Spain.
authors.forename: M I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Hierro
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Medicine Faculty, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Álvarez
authors.affiliation: Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Histology, University of Granada and Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs, Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Alaminos
authors.affiliation: Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Histology, University of Granada and Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs, Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Campos
authors.affiliation: Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Instituto Biodonostia, Hospital Universitario Donostia, San Sebastian, Spain.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Izeta
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, Spain.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Machuca
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, Spain. mf.lara@fimabis.org.
authors.forename: M F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Lara
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007633:Keratins / Q000032:analysis / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D014521:Urethra / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D007633:Keratins