title: Isolation of Bioactive Phenazine-1-Carboxamide from the Soil Bacterium Pantoea agglomerans and Study of Its Anticancer Potency on Different Cancer Cell Lines.
abstract: The study was designed to investigate the anticancer effect of phenazine-1-carboxamide (PCN) isolated from the bacterium Pantoea agglomerans naturally present in soil. PCN showed cytotoxicity in a dose-dependent manner, and inhibitory concentrations on the cancer cell lines A549, HeLa, and SW480 were between 32 and 40 μM. Significantly increased concentrations of lactate dehydrogenase were found with increasing concentrations of PCN, which resulted in increased destruction of the cancer cell membrane. A significantly increased p53 level was accompanied by the increased production of cytochrome c protein in all cancer cell lines studied. This condition in cells leads to the overexpression of caspase 3 and Bcl-2 family proteins. Upregulation and downregulation of proapoptotic and antiproapoptotic proteins were analyzed for their messenger RNA and protein expression. The activation of caspases and their cleavage compounds paves the way for the complete apoptosis process in cancer cells. We conclude that P. agglomerans-derived PCN acts as an effective anticancer drug or compound.
authors.affiliation: King Saud University, College of Science, Department of Botany and Microbiology, PO Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Hayssam M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Ali
authors.affiliation: King Saud University, College of Science, Department of Botany and Microbiology, PO Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Mohamed S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: El-Shikh
authors.affiliation: Alexandria University, Faculty of Agriculture (EL-Shatby), Department of Forestry and Wood Technology, Alexandria, Egypt.
authors.forename: Mohamed Z M
authors.initials: MZ
authors.lastname: Salem
authors.affiliation: Clinical Laboratory Sciences Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, PO Box 2435, University of Dammam, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Muzaheed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: M
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000187:drug effects; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004354:Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor; D006801:Humans; D015394:Molecular Structure; D020636:Pantoea / Q000737:chemistry*; D010619:Phenazines / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D010619:Phenazines; C420923:phenazine-1-carboxamide