title: Sex-Related Differences in Scapular Kinematics During Elevation of the Arm in Asymptomatic Children and Adults.
abstract: Recently, it has been suggested that sex may influence scapular kinematics. A more comprehensive analysis of the scapular kinematics in children and adults, including sex as a factor, will help to understand if differences between sexes are present since childhood. The purpose of this study was to compare scapular kinematics between sex in children and adults during elevation of the arm. One-hundred and sixteen asymptomatic adults (58 men and 58 women) and 53 children (28 boys and 25 girls) participated in the study. Three-dimensional scapular kinematics during elevation of the arm were obtained using an electromagnetic tracking device. Women had a more upwardly rotated scapula in the nondominant side (P < .05), with large effects and a more anteriorly tilted position at 60°, 90°, and 120° of arm elevation in the dominant side, and at 90° and 120° in the nondominant side (P < .05) with moderate effects when compared with men. Differences between sexes were not found in the children (P > .05). In conclusion, sex seems to influence scapular kinematics in adulthood, but not in childhood.
authors.affiliation: 1 Universidade Federal de São Carlos.
authors.forename: Fernanda Assis Paes
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Habechian
authors.affiliation: 1 Universidade Federal de São Carlos.
authors.forename: Dayana Patricia
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Rosa
authors.affiliation: 1 Universidade Federal de São Carlos.
authors.forename: Melina Nevoeiro
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Haik
authors.affiliation: 1 Universidade Federal de São Carlos.
authors.forename: Paula Rezende
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Camargo
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000886:Anthropometry; D001132:Arm / Q000502:physiology*; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D002648:Child; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D064368:Healthy Volunteers; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012540:Scapula / Q000502:physiology*; D012785:Shoulder Joint / Q000502:physiology*
keywords: biomechanics; childhood; impingement; scapulothoracic; shoulder