title: Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis: Therapeutic Options and Surveillance Management.
abstract: Primary sclerosing cholangitis is a chronic immune-mediated liver disease. Though rare, it poses several clinical concerns for the managing physician. There are currently limited therapeutic options in the management of the condition and weak evidence base behind them. Endoscopic intervention is limited to those patients with obstructing stricture-related disease, and even liver transplantation has a risk of disease recurrence. Surveillance for inflammatory bowel disorders, metabolic bone disease, and malignancy is paramount when managing such patients. This article provides an overview of the condition with further focus on current therapeutic options and guidance on surveillance management.
authors.affiliation: Russells Hall Hospital, Dudley, UK.
authors.forename: Aditi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.affiliation: Russells Hall Hospital, Dudley, UK.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wheatley
authors.affiliation: University Hospital North Midlands, Stoke-on-Trent, England, UK.
authors.forename: Amar
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Puttanna
keywords: cholangitis; management; surveillance; therapy