title: Metabolomic analysis reveals the relationship between AZI1 and sugar signaling in systemic acquired resistance of Arabidopsis.
abstract: The function of AZI1 in systemic acquired resistance of Arabidopsis was confirmed by investigation of the phenotypic features of wild-type Col-0, AZI1 T-DNA knockout and AZI1 overexpressing plants after infection with virulent and avirulent Pseudomonas syringae. Real-time quantitative PCR and Northern blotting analyses showed that the transcript abundances of PR genes increased significantly in local and systemic leaves of wild-type Col-0 and AZI1 overexpressing plants challenged with avirulent P. syringae, whereas the mRNA accumulation of PR genes was obviously attenuated in local and systemic leaves of AZI1 T-DNA knockout plants after localized infiltration with avirulent Psm avrRpm1. The changes of metabolomic profiles in distal leaves of three types of materials infected with avirulent P. syringae were determined by (1)H NMR spectrometry and data mining showed that the soluble carbonhydrates might function as signal substances in the systemic immunity of Arabidopsis. At the same time, the expression of the sugar signaling genes in local and distal leaves after infection of avirulent P. syringae was compared. As a result, it was found that the transcript abundances of sugar signaling genes, including SUS1, SUS2, SUS3, SUS6, SUT1, HXK1, HXK2, SNRK1.2, ERD6, TPS1, TOR, SNRK1.1, SNRK1.3 and bZIP11, were obviously changed in distal leaves of different materials with the modulated AZI1 activities, indicating sugar-related genes are involved in regulation of the systemic immunity mediated by AZI1. These results also illustrated that the immune system associated with sugar molecules probably was an important part of the systemic acquired resistance in Arabidopsis.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Ministry of Education), Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710069, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xiao-Yan
authors.initials: XY
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Ministry of Education), Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710069, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Dian-Zhen
authors.initials: DZ
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Ministry of Education), Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710069, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Qi
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Ministry of Education), Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710069, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yan-Qin
authors.initials: YQ
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Ministry of Education), Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710069, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Jing-Wen
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Ministry of Education), Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710069, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xuan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Ministry of Education), Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710069, People's Republic of China. Electronic address: ziqinxu@nwu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Zi-Qin
authors.initials: ZQ
authors.lastname: Xu
mesh_terms: D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000382:microbiology; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D050260:Carbohydrate Metabolism / Q000235:genetics; D016002:Discriminant Analysis; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D055786:Gene Knockout Techniques; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D016018:Least-Squares Analysis; D008278:Magnesium Sulfate / Q000494:pharmacology; D055432:Metabolomics / Q000379:methods*; D010641:Phenotype; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000235:genetics / Q000382:microbiology; D066244:Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D044224:Pseudomonas syringae / Q000502:physiology; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000235:genetics; D014158:Transcription, Genetic
chemical_list: C539888:AZI1 protein, Arabidopsis; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D008278:Magnesium Sulfate
keywords: AZI1; Arabidopsis thaliana; Metabolic profiling; Multivariate analysis; NMR spectroscopy; Sweet immunity; Systemic acquired resistance