title: HIV Drug Resistance in Antiretroviral-Naive Patients in Mexico After 10 Years: Is There a Difference?
abstract: The aim of this study was to compare the extent of resistance to antiretroviral (ARV) drugs among the population in Mexico before and after 2005. The mutations and drug resistance database of Stanford University were used for analyzing drug resistance tests that had been performed on HIV treatment-naive patients. The sequences obtained were divided into group 1 (isolated in 2002-2003) and group 2 (isolated in 2010-2014). Both groups showed 14% similarity in resistance mutations. In both groups, mutations in N88D protease inhibitor were identified, D67N and T69D were found for nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs), and K103N was found for non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors. In both groups, the resistance to ARV drugs was 7.4%. Both groups showed resistance to nelfinavir, efavirenz, and nevirapine. The prevalence of resistance to ARV therapy remained stable from 2002 to 2014. However, a marked reduction in resistance to NRTIs was observed for the same period.
authors.affiliation: 1 Laboratorio de Inmunodeficiencias y Retrovirus Humanos, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente, Centro Médico Nacional de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social , Guadalajara, México.|2 Departamento de Producción Agrícola, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Guadalajara , Guadalajara, México.
authors.forename: Martha
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Escoto-Delgadillo
authors.affiliation: 1 Laboratorio de Inmunodeficiencias y Retrovirus Humanos, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente, Centro Médico Nacional de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social , Guadalajara, México.|3 Departamento de Clínicas Médicas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara , Guadalajara, México.
authors.forename: Blanca-Miriam
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Torres-Mendoza
authors.affiliation: 1 Laboratorio de Inmunodeficiencias y Retrovirus Humanos, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente, Centro Médico Nacional de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social , Guadalajara, México.
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Flores-Soto
authors.affiliation: 1 Laboratorio de Inmunodeficiencias y Retrovirus Humanos, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente, Centro Médico Nacional de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social , Guadalajara, México.|4 Dirección de Educación y de Investigación, Centro Médico Nacional de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, U.M.A.E. Hospital de Especialidades , Guadalajara, México.
authors.forename: Eduardo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Vazquez-Valls
mesh_terms: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D030541:Databases, Genetic; D024882:Drug Resistance, Viral; D005260:Female; D060005:Genotyping Techniques; D006678:HIV / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000821:virology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008800:Mexico; D020125:Mutation, Missense
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents
keywords: HIV-1; Mexico; antiretroviral-naïve; drug resistance; transmission