title: Regional Lung Ventilation Analysis Using Temporally Resolved Magnetic Resonance Imaging.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We propose a computer-aided method for regional ventilation analysis and observation of lung diseases in temporally resolved magnetic resonance imaging (4D MRI).
  
  
  METHODS
  A shape model-based segmentation and registration workflow was used to create an atlas-derived reference system in which regional tissue motion can be quantified and multimodal image data can be compared regionally. Model-based temporal registration of the lung surfaces in 4D MRI data was compared with the registration of 4D computed tomography (CT) images. A ventilation analysis was performed on 4D MR images of patients with lung fibrosis; 4D MR ventilation maps were compared with corresponding diagnostic 3D CT images of the patients and 4D CT maps of subjects without impaired lung function (serving as reference).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Comparison between the computed patient-specific 4D MR regional ventilation maps and diagnostic CT images shows good correlation in conspicuous regions. Comparison to 4D CT-derived ventilation maps supports the plausibility of the 4D MR maps. Dynamic MRI-based flow-volume loops and spirograms further visualize the free-breathing behavior.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The proposed methods allow for 4D MR-based regional analysis of tissue dynamics and ventilation in spontaneous breathing and comparison of patient data. The proposed atlas-based reference coordinate system provides an automated manner of annotating and comparing multimodal lung image data.
authors.affiliation: From the *Junior Group Medical Image Computing and †Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany; ‡Joint Department of Physics at the Institute of Cancer Research and the Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; §Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology with Nuclear Medicine, Thoraxklinik at Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany; ∥Department of Pneumology, luliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania; ¶Department of Diagnostic and of Interventional Radiology Heidelberg University, Heidelberg; #Department of Computational Neuroscience, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg; **Department of Pneumology and Respiratory Critical Care Medicine, Thoraxklinik at Heidelberg University Hospital; ††Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC-H), member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg; ‡‡Institute of Clinical Radiology, Munich; §§Comprehensive Pneumology Center Munich (CPC-M), member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL); and ∥∥Division of Radiology, DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Christoph
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kolb
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wetscherek
authors.forename: Maria Teodora
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Buzan
authors.forename: René
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Werner
authors.forename: Christopher M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Rank
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kachelrie
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kreuter
authors.forename: Julien
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dinkel
authors.forename: Claus Peter
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Heuel
authors.forename: Klaus
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Maier-Hein
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D003198:Computer Simulation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008954:Models, Biological; D011658:Pulmonary Fibrosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology; D012123:Pulmonary Ventilation; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D055425:Respiratory-Gated Imaging Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed