title: Osteomyelitis-Induced Sequester of Bovine-Derived Bone Mineral/Host Bone Composite 8 Years Post-Sinus Graft: A Case Report.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Sinus grafts are a safe and predictable treatment for increasing bone volume in the posterior maxilla. Common complications include membrane perforations and postoperative infection. Little is published with regard to late-onset infection except as it relates to periimplantitis. This report presents a case of late sequestration of bovine bone mineral graft fully consolidated within host lamellar bone, 8 years postsinus lift. Histology revealed mature lamellar bone encapsulating well-integrated particles of bovine bone material with evidence of devitalization and marrow spaces filled with a dense neutrophil infiltrate and a filamentous mixed microbial flora.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A histological diagnosis of osteomyelitis was given on analysis of the integrated bovine bone mineral sequester, 8 years after successful integration and functional loading.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It can be concluded from this case report that there is a potential for breakdown and sequestration of bovine bone mineral/host bone composite grafts long after successful integration and consolidation.
authors.affiliation: *Adjunct Professor, Department of Periodontics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA. †Center for Implant & Reconstructive Dentistry, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Michael R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Norton
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018786:Bone Substitutes / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002417:Cattle; D003758:Dental Implantation, Endosseous / Q000009:adverse effects; D005436:Floxacillin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D010019:Osteomyelitis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D059546:Sinus Floor Augmentation / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D018786:Bone Substitutes; D005436:Floxacillin