title: Comprehensive analysis of serum cytokines/chemokines in febrile children with primary human herpes virus-6B infection.
abstract: Cytokines and chemokines induced by primary human herpes virus (HHV)-6B infection may play a critical role in the clinical manifestations of infection. In this study, we analyzed 40 cytokines/chemokines in febrile children with primary HHV-6B infection. Blood samples from 233 febrile and 36 afebrile patients 0-3 years of age were used for this study. In febrile patients, primary HHV-6B infection was determined by detection of HHV-6B DNA without anti-HHV-6 immunoglobulin G in the blood (HHV-6B group). Infection by other pathogens was assumed when HHV-6B DNA was not detected in the blood (non-HHV-6B group). Of the 233 febrile patients, 30 patients (13%) were diagnosed with primary HHV-6B infection. To analyze serum cytokines/chemokines, patients were randomly chosen from the HHV-6B (n = 25) and non-HHV-6B groups (n = 8). Sera from 25 afebrile patients were used as a control. When comparing the levels of 40 cytokines/chemokines between the HHV-6B and control groups, we found that four chemokines (chemokine [C-X-C motif] ligand [CXCL] 11, CXCL10, CXCL16, and chemokine [C-C motif] ligand [CCL] 2) were significantly upregulated in the HHV-6B group compared with those in the control. Of these, only CXCL11 levels were significantly higher in the HHV-6B group than in the non-HHV-6B group. Because the induction of CCL2 was already reported in an early study, we found, for the first time, the induction of three new chemokines, i.e., CXCL11, CXCL10, and CXCL16 in patients with primary HHV-6B infection. Importantly, we demonstrated that serum CXCL11 levels increased specifically in patients with HHV-6B infection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan; Division of Clinical Virology, Center for Infectious Diseases, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan.
authors.forename: Miwako
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nagasaka
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan. Electronic address: ichim@med.kobe-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Ichiro
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Morioka
authors.affiliation: Division of Clinical Virology, Center for Infectious Diseases, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan.
authors.forename: Akiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kawabata
authors.affiliation: Division of Clinical Virology, Center for Infectious Diseases, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshiaki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yamagishi
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan.
authors.forename: Sota
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Iwatani
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan.
authors.forename: Mariko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Taniguchi-Ikeda
authors.affiliation: Kobe Children's Primary Emergency Medical Center, Kobe, Japan.
authors.forename: Akihito
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ishida
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazumoto
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Iijima
authors.affiliation: Division of Clinical Virology, Center for Infectious Diseases, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan.
authors.forename: Yasuko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Mori
mesh_terms: D016022:Case-Control Studies; D018925:Chemokines / Q000097:blood; D002675:Child, Preschool; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood*; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000302:isolation & purification; D005260:Female; D005334:Fever / Q000097:blood* / Q000209:etiology; D006566:Herpesviridae Infections / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications; D015654:Herpesvirus 6, Human / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric
chemical_list: D018925:Chemokines; D016207:Cytokines; D004279:DNA, Viral
keywords: Chemokine ligand; Children; Human herpes virus; Primary infection