title: The birth control pill, thromboembolic disease, science and the media: a historical review of the relationship.
abstract: The introduction of the birth control pill (the Pill) in 1960 revolutionized the options for contraception, sparking vibrant discussion in the scientific and social science literature and in the media. Much attention focused on issues of women's rights, including ethics and personal choice. But the Pill also introduced new questions about risk. Shortly after its introduction, the risk of thromboembolic disease was recognized [1]. After more than half a century, controversies about the relationship between the Pill and thromboembolic disease have persisted. The scientific and media communities have been active in the discussion, debate and delivery of information about this risk. Scientific and public attention to thromboembolism and the Pill has had dramatic consequences, both good and bad. The spotlight on risk has helped to change norms regarding the public's right to know and assess dangers; it has sparked Pill scares linked to increased unplanned pregnancy, birth and abortion rates; and it has led to a change in federally mandated policies regarding how new contraceptive products are studied and brought to market. This paper charts the narrative of the thromboembolic risk of the Pill from its introduction in 1960 until today and reviews the corresponding media response to this history. How does the story of the thromboembolic risk of the Pill - explored through the lens of science, media and contemporary social dynamics - frame contemporary understanding of risk for researchers, clinicians, individuals and the public?
authors.affiliation: Department of Sociomedical Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 722 168th St. West, New York, NY, USA, 10032; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Toronto, 123 Edward St., Suite 1200, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5G 1E2. Electronic address: elyse.lackie@nygh.on.ca.
authors.forename: Elyse
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lackie
authors.affiliation: Department of Sociomedical Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 722 168th St. West, New York, NY, USA, 10032. Electronic address: alf4@cumc.columbia.edu.
authors.forename: Amy
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fairchild
mesh_terms: D035843:Biomedical Research; D003267:Contraception / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000266:history*; D003276:Contraceptives, Oral / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000266:history*; D005260:Female; D049673:History, 20th Century; D049674:History, 21st Century; D006801:Humans; D008402:Mass Media / Q000266:history*; D018570:Risk Assessment; D013923:Thromboembolism / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000266:history*; D016387:Women's Health; D014933:Women's Rights
chemical_list: D003276:Contraceptives, Oral
keywords: Birth control pill; Contraception; Media; Pill scare; Risk; Thromboembolic disease