title: Effect of foxtail millet protein hydrolysates on lowering blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was to determine the effect of foxtail millet protein hydrolysates on lowering blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs).
  
  
  METHODS
  The protein of foxtail millet after extruding or fermenting and the raw foxtail millet was extracted and hydrolyzed by digestive protease to generate angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory peptides. The potential antihypertensive effect of protein hydrolysates from foxtail millet in SHRs was investigated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After 4 weeks of treatment with 200 mg peptides/kg of body weight of protein hydrolysates, blood pressure was lowered significantly, and the raw and extruded samples were more effective than the fermented samples. The serum ACE activity and angiotensin II levels in the treatment groups were significantly lower than that of the control. The percent heart weight decreased in the treatment groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Thus, ingestion of foxtail millet protein hydrolysates especially for the raw and extruded hydrolysates may ameliorate hypertension and alleviate related cardiovascular diseases.
authors.affiliation: College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, 17 Tsinghua East Road, Beijing, 100083, China.|National Engineering Research Center for Fruits and Vegetables Processing, 17 Tsinghua East Road, Beijing, 100083, China.|Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, 17 Tsinghua East Road, Beijing, 100083, China.|National Engineering Research Center for Fruits and Vegetables Processing, 17 Tsinghua East Road, Beijing, 100083, China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Duan
authors.affiliation: College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, 17 Tsinghua East Road, Beijing, 100083, China.|National Engineering Research Center for Fruits and Vegetables Processing, 17 Tsinghua East Road, Beijing, 100083, China.
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Ren
authors.affiliation: College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, 17 Tsinghua East Road, Beijing, 100083, China.|National Engineering Research Center for Fruits and Vegetables Processing, 17 Tsinghua East Road, Beijing, 100083, China.
authors.forename: Chao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.|Processed Foods Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, 800 Buchanan St., Albany, CA, 94710, USA.
authors.forename: Zhongli
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.affiliation: Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), 12 Zhongguancun South St., Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, China.
authors.forename: Xianmin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Diao
authors.affiliation: College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, 17 Tsinghua East Road, Beijing, 100083, China. shenqun@cau.edu.cn.|National Engineering Research Center for Fruits and Vegetables Processing, 17 Tsinghua East Road, Beijing, 100083, China. shenqun@cau.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Qun
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Shen
mesh_terms: D000804:Angiotensin II / Q000097:blood; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects*; D001835:Body Weight; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D000960:Hypolipidemic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D009929:Organ Size / Q000187:drug effects; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A / Q000097:blood; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011492:Protein Hydrolysates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D011918:Rats, Inbred SHR; D032983:Setaria Plant / Q000737:chemistry*; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D000960:Hypolipidemic Agents; D010936:Plant Extracts; D010940:Plant Proteins; D011492:Protein Hydrolysates; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances; D000804:Angiotensin II; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A
keywords: Angiotensin II; Angiotensin-converting enzyme; Antioxidant; Foxtail millet protein hydrolysates; Hypertension; Spontaneously hypertensive rats