title: Spray layer-by-layer films for photodynamic inactivation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A novel approach for photodynamic inactivation of Candida albicans is proposed. This method consists of realizing inactivation using ultraviolet light (254nm) combined with spraying layer-by-layer films of acridine orange.
  
  
  METHODS
  To evaluate the effectiveness of the approach, the C. albicans were immobilized on quartz slices and covered with the spray layer-by-layer films. The fungi were analyzed using experiments to determine cell viability, as well as by fluorescence and atomic force microscopy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Viability analysis of C. albicans after photodynamic inactivation assisted by the films indicates cell death. The extent of cell death increases as the number of film layers increases. Fluorescence and atomic force microscopy analyses corroborated the cell death of C. albicans, which is posited to be due to damages to the fungi cell wall.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our approach has the potential to be used as an alternative for photodynamic inactivation of C. albicans. In addition, this method could be used in clinical procedures, such as for the decontamination of medical devices.
authors.affiliation: Grupo de Materiais Nanoestruturados, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Barra do Garças, Mato Grosso, Brazil.
authors.forename: Kevin F
authors.initials: KF
authors.lastname: Dos Santos
authors.affiliation: Grupo de Materiais Nanoestruturados, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Barra do Garças, Mato Grosso, Brazil.
authors.forename: Romário J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: da Silva
authors.affiliation: Grupo de Materiais Nanoestruturados, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Barra do Garças, Mato Grosso, Brazil.
authors.forename: Karla B
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: Romio
authors.affiliation: Grupo de Materiais Nanoestruturados, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Barra do Garças, Mato Grosso, Brazil.
authors.forename: Paula C S
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Souto
authors.affiliation: Grupo de Materiais Nanoestruturados, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Barra do Garças, Mato Grosso, Brazil.
authors.forename: Josmary R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.affiliation: Grupo de Materiais Nanoestruturados, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Barra do Garças, Mato Grosso, Brazil. Electronic address: naracsouza@yahoo.com.br.
authors.forename: Nara C
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: de Souza
mesh_terms: D000165:Acridine Orange / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D002176:Candida albicans / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology*; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004307:Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; D004339:Drug Compounding / Q000379:methods; D010778:Photochemotherapy / Q000379:methods*; D017319:Photosensitizing Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry; D066330:Printing, Three-Dimensional; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays
chemical_list: D017319:Photosensitizing Agents; D000165:Acridine Orange
keywords: Acridine orange; Atomic force microscopy; Fluorescence microscopy; UV light