title: Three-dimensional mapping and regulation of action potential propagation in nanoelectronics-innervated tissues.
abstract: Real-time mapping and manipulation of electrophysiology in three-dimensional (3D) tissues could have important impacts on fundamental scientific and clinical studies, yet realization is hampered by a lack of effective methods. Here we introduce tissue-scaffold-mimicking 3D nanoelectronic arrays consisting of 64 addressable devices with subcellular dimensions and a submillisecond temporal resolution. Real-time extracellular action potential (AP) recordings reveal quantitative maps of AP propagation in 3D cardiac tissues, enable in situ tracing of the evolving topology of 3D conducting pathways in developing cardiac tissues and probe the dynamics of AP conduction characteristics in a transient arrhythmia disease model and subsequent tissue self-adaptation. We further demonstrate simultaneous multisite stimulation and mapping to actively manipulate the frequency and direction of AP propagation. These results establish new methodologies for 3D spatiotemporal tissue recording and control, and demonstrate the potential to impact regenerative medicine, pharmacology and electronic therapeutics.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.
authors.forename: Xiaochuan
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-1876-8558
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Dai
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.
authors.forename: Teng
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.
authors.forename: Jia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.|Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.
authors.forename: Charles M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Lieber
mesh_terms: D000200:Action Potentials / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D054849:Cardiac Electrophysiology / Q000379:methods*; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques / Q000379:methods; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000166:cytology; D008839:Microelectrodes; D008955:Models, Cardiovascular; D036103:Nanotechnology / Q000379:methods*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds / Q000737:chemistry*