title: Modified Ames test using a strain expressing human sulfotransferase 1C2 to assess the mutagenicity of methyleugenol.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Several alkenylbenzenes, including methyleugenol (ME), are present in a wide range of botanicals and exhibit carcinogenic and mutagenic properties. Negative results are generally obtained for alkenylbenzenes in standard in vitro genotoxicity tests, including the Ames test. A lack of mutagenicity observed in such tests is thought to result from impaired metabolic activation of alkenylbenzenes via hydroxylation, with subsequent sulfoconjugation to its ultimate mutagenic or carcinogenic form. Although recent studies have reported the mutagenicity of hydroxylated ME metabolites in the Ames test using modified TA100 strains expressing human sulfotransferases (SULTs), to our knowledge, the detection of ME mutagenicity has not yet been reported.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Using strain TA100-hSULT1C2, which expresses human SULT1C2, we optimized the protein content of S9 Mix and the pre-incubation time required to promote metabolic activation in the Ames test. This procedure enabled us to obtain a positive response with ME.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We established Ames-test conditions enabling the detection of ME-induced mutagenicity, using a strain expressing human SULT1C2 in the presence of induced-rat S9 Mix. This simple approach will help assess the mutagenicity of other alkenylbenzenes and related chemicals.
authors.affiliation: R&D Safety Science Research, Kao Corporation, 2606 Akabane, Ichikai-Machi, Haga-Gun, Tochigi 321-3497 Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-2936-2617
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Honda
authors.affiliation: Tokyo Laboratory, BoZo Research Center Inc., 1-3-11, Hanegi, Setagaya-Ku, Tokyo 156-0042 Japan.
authors.forename: Kazuyuki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Minegawa
authors.affiliation: R&D Safety Science Research, Kao Corporation, 2606 Akabane, Ichikai-Machi, Haga-Gun, Tochigi 321-3497 Japan.
authors.forename: Yurika
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fujita
authors.affiliation: Tokyo Laboratory, BoZo Research Center Inc., 1-3-11, Hanegi, Setagaya-Ku, Tokyo 156-0042 Japan.
authors.forename: Noriko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yamaguchi
authors.affiliation: Tokyo Laboratory, BoZo Research Center Inc., 1-3-11, Hanegi, Setagaya-Ku, Tokyo 156-0042 Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshihiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Oguma
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutritional Toxicology, German Institute of Human Nutrition (DIfE) Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, D-14558 Nuthetal, Germany.
authors.forename: Hansruedi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Glatt
authors.affiliation: R&D Safety Science Research, Kao Corporation, 2606 Akabane, Ichikai-Machi, Haga-Gun, Tochigi 321-3497 Japan.
authors.forename: Naohiro
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nishiyama
authors.affiliation: R&D Safety Science Research, Kao Corporation, 2606 Akabane, Ichikai-Machi, Haga-Gun, Tochigi 321-3497 Japan.
authors.forename: Toshio
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kasamatsu
keywords: Alkenylbenzene; Ames test; Methyleugenol; S9; Sulfotransferase