title: Clofibrate Demonstrates Efficacy in In Vitro Treatment of Lymphoma and Multiple Myeloma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Multiple myeloma (MM), a hematological malignancy of monoclonal B-lymphocytes, remains largely incurable and novel treatments are urgently required. Aberrant activation of wingless-related integration site (WNT)/β-catenin signaling has been demonstrated in both lymphoma and MM, rendering its signaling molecules attractive for the development of new targeted-therapies. Clofibrate has proven anticarcinogenic effects attributed to peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) agonism, also affecting WNT-associated signaling molecules.
  
  
  METHODS
  The antitumor apoptotic effect of clofibrate at doses ranging from 0.1-600 μM was investigated on four human and one murine myeloma cell lines, as well as in two human lymphoma cell lines, using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium-bromide assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Clofibrate significantly reduced cell viability in all tested myeloma and lymphoma cell lines in a dose-dependent manner, while healthy cells were hardly affected.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Given the known safety profile and induction of apoptosis at low effective doses, our data warrant further investigation of clofibrate as a novel therapy agent in MM.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO), Medical Clinic and Polyclinic III, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
authors.forename: Leonard Christopher
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Schmeel
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO), Medical Clinic and Polyclinic III, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
authors.forename: Frederic Carsten
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Schmeel
authors.affiliation: Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO), Medical Clinic and Polyclinic III, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany Ingo.Schmidt-Wolf@ukb.uni-bonn.de.
authors.forename: Ingo G H
authors.initials: IG
authors.lastname: Schmidt-Wolf
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002994:Clofibrate / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004354:Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor; D006801:Humans; D008223:Lymphoma / Q000188:drug therapy*; D051379:Mice; D009101:Multiple Myeloma / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D002994:Clofibrate
keywords: Clofibrate; WNT; lymphoma; multiple myeloma; therapy