title: Early-Term Outcomes for Treatment of Saphenous Vein Insufficiency with N-Butyl Cyanoacrylate: A Novel, Non-Thermal, and Non-Tumescent Percutaneous Embolization Technique.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The purpose of this study was to present early-term outcomes of VariClose® Vein Sealing System, which is a novel, non-thermal, and non-tumescent percutaneous embolization technique for treatment of saphenous vein insufficiency.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between March 2014 and July 2015, 189 saphenous veins in 141 patients were treated with Variclose Vein Sealing System containing n-butyl cyanoacrylate. Pre-, intra-, post-procedural, and follow-up data of patients were collected and retrospectively reviewed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean age of patients was 42.5 ± 14.0 years, of which 53% were female. Technical success rate of intervention was 98.9%. Mean procedure time was 14.3 ± 7.5 minutes. Eighty-nine percent of patients (n = 126/141) were available at mean follow-up time of 6.7 months. Mean Venous Clinical Severity Score was significantly improved from 8.3 ± 2.2 at pre-procedure period to 3.3 ± 1.8 at follow-up. No complete recanalization was observed, but 2 patients were presented with partial recanalization during follow-up. The complete occlusion rate was 98.4%. No serious adverse event related to procedure was observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Variclose Vein Sealing System appears to be safe and effective in treatment of saphenous vein insufficiency. Further randomized studies with long-term outcomes are required for determining optimal treatment modality in patients with saphenous vein insufficiency.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Uludag University Faculty of Medicine, Bursa, Turkey.
authors.forename: Mustafa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tok
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Bingol State Hospital, Bingol, Turkey.
authors.forename: Oktay
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Tüydeş
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Bingol State Hospital, Bingol, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ahmet
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yüksel
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Education and Research Hospital, Elazig, Turkey.
authors.forename: Sefa
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Şenol
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Medical Art Izmir Hospital, Izmir, Turkey.
authors.forename: Serkan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Akarsu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D004621:Embolization, Therapeutic / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012501:Saphenous Vein; D014648:Varicose Veins / Q000628:therapy*; D014689:Venous Insufficiency / Q000628:therapy*; D055815:Young Adult