title: Immune Activation in the Liver by Nucleic Acids.
abstract: Viral infection in the liver, including hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, is a major health problem worldwide, especially in developing countries. The infection triggers a pro-inflammatory response in patients that is crucial for host defense. Recent studies have identified multiple transmembrane and cytosolic receptors that recognize pathogen-derived nucleic acids, and these receptors are essential for driving immune activation in the liver. In addition to sensing DNA/RNA from pathogens, these intracellular receptors can be activated by nucleic acids of host origin in response to sterile injuries. In this review, we discuss the expanding roles of these receptors in both immune and nonimmune cells in the liver.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Qian
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Qingde
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Melanie J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Scott
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Timothy R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Billiar
keywords: Hepatocytes; Innate immunity; Intracellular receptor; Nucleic acid