title: Pulsed-Electromagnetic-Field-Assisted Reduced Graphene Oxide Substrates for Multidifferentiation of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells.
abstract: Electromagnetic fields (EMFs) can modulate cell proliferation, DNA replication, wound healing, cytokine expression, and the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Graphene, a 2D crystal of sp(2) -hybridized carbon atoms, has entered the spotlight in cell and tissue engineering research. However, a combination of graphene and EMFs has never been applied in tissue engineering. This study combines reduced graphene oxide (RGO) and pulsed EMFs (PEMFs) on the osteogenesis and neurogenesis of MSCs. First, the chemical properties of RGO are measured. After evaluation, the RGO is adsorbed onto glass, and its morphological and electrical properties are investigated. Next, an in vitro study is conducted using human alveolar bone marrow stem cells (hABMSCs). Their cell viability, cell adhesion, and extracellular matrix (ECM) formation are increased by RGO and PEMFs. The combination of RGO and PEMFs enhances osteogenic differentiation. Together, RGO and PEMFs enhance the neurogenic and adipogenic differentiation of hABMSCs. Moreover, in a DNA microarray analysis, the combination of RGO and PEMFs synergically increases ECM formation, membrane proteins, and metabolism. The combination of RGO and PEMFs is expected to be an efficient platform for stem cell and tissue engineering.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biosystems Engineering, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 200-701, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Ki-Taek
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.affiliation: Department of Biosystems and Biomaterials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hoon
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Seonwoo
authors.affiliation: Advanced Nano-Surface Research Group, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon, 305-333, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Kyung Soon
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 10050, China.
authors.forename: Hexiu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.affiliation: Department of Biosystems and Biomaterials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Kyung-Je
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Jang
authors.affiliation: Department of Rural and Biosystems Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 500-757, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jangho
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Institute for Nanoscience and Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA.
authors.forename: Jin-Woo
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: School of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 151-742, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Soo Young
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, 110-774, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Pill-Hoon
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Choung
authors.affiliation: Department of Biosystems and Biomaterials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742, Republic of Korea.|Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jong Hoon
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Chung
mesh_terms: D001854:Bone Marrow Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D002448:Cell Adhesion; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D004574:Electromagnetic Fields; D005109:Extracellular Matrix / Q000378:metabolism; D006108:Graphite / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D006108:Graphite
keywords: DNA microarray; differentiation; human alveolar bone marrow stem cells; pulsed electromagnetic fields; reduced graphene oxide