title: Eukaryotic TLS polymerases.
abstract: TLS polymerases are able to replicate damaged DNA (called translesion DNA synthesis, TLS). Their presence prevents cell death as a result of violating the integrity of the genome. In vitro, they are mutator, but in vivo are recruited by specific types of DNA damage and usually replicate them in a correct manner. The best-known TLS polymerases belong to the Y family, such as Rev1, κ, η, ι, and polymerase ζ from the B family. There are two mechanisms of TLS polymerases action: polymerase-switching model and the gap-filling model. Selection of the mechanism primarily depends on the phase of the cell cycle. The regulation of these polymerases may take place at the transcriptional level and at level of recruitment to the sites of DNA damage. In the latter case post-translational modification of proteins - ubiquitination and sumoylation, and protein-protein interactions are crucial.
authors.affiliation: Katedra Genetyki Molekularnej, Wydział Biologii i Ochrony Środowiska, Uniwersytet Łódzki.
authors.forename: Przemysław
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Tomczyk
authors.affiliation: Katedra Genetyki Molekularnej, Wydział Biologii i Ochrony Środowiska, Uniwersytet Łódzki.
authors.forename: Ewelina
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Synowiec
authors.affiliation: Katedra Genetyki Molekularnej, Wydział Biologii i Ochrony Środowiska, Uniwersytet Łódzki.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wysokiński
authors.affiliation: Katedra Genetyki Molekularnej, Wydział Biologii i Ochrony Środowiska, Uniwersytet Łódzki.
authors.forename: Katarzyna
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Woźniak
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004247:DNA / Q000378:metabolism; D004249:DNA Damage; D004260:DNA Repair; D004261:DNA Replication; D004259:DNA-Directed DNA Polymerase / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D056890:Eukaryota / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D011499:Protein Processing, Post-Translational
chemical_list: D004247:DNA; D004259:DNA-Directed DNA Polymerase