title: Antimicrobial technology in orthopedic and spinal implants.
abstract: Infections can hinder orthopedic implant function and retention. Current implant-based antimicrobial strategies largely utilize coating-based approaches in order to reduce biofilm formation and bacterial adhesion. Several emerging antimicrobial technologies that integrate a multidisciplinary combination of drug delivery systems, material science, immunology, and polymer chemistry are in development and early clinical use. This review outlines orthopedic implant antimicrobial technology, its current applications and supporting evidence, and clinically promising future directions.
authors.affiliation: Adam EM Eltorai, Sudheesha Perera, Roy Ruttiman, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02906, United States.
authors.forename: Adam Em
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Eltorai
authors.affiliation: Adam EM Eltorai, Sudheesha Perera, Roy Ruttiman, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02906, United States.
authors.forename: Jack
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Haglin
authors.affiliation: Adam EM Eltorai, Sudheesha Perera, Roy Ruttiman, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02906, United States.
authors.forename: Sudheesha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Perera
authors.affiliation: Adam EM Eltorai, Sudheesha Perera, Roy Ruttiman, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02906, United States.
authors.forename: Bielinsky A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Brea
authors.affiliation: Adam EM Eltorai, Sudheesha Perera, Roy Ruttiman, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02906, United States.
authors.forename: Roy
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ruttiman
authors.affiliation: Adam EM Eltorai, Sudheesha Perera, Roy Ruttiman, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02906, United States.
authors.forename: Dioscaris R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Garcia
authors.affiliation: Adam EM Eltorai, Sudheesha Perera, Roy Ruttiman, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02906, United States.
authors.forename: Christopher T
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Born
authors.affiliation: Adam EM Eltorai, Sudheesha Perera, Roy Ruttiman, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02906, United States.
authors.forename: Alan H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Daniels
keywords: Antibiotic; Antimicrobial; Antiseptic; Coated implants; Nano-silver; Photoactive