title: Assessment of collection schemes for packaging and other recyclable waste in European Union-28 Member States and capital cities.
abstract: The Waste Framework Directive obliged European Union Member States to set up separate collection systems to promote high quality recycling for at least paper, metal, plastic and glass by 2015. As implementation of the requirement varies across European Union Member States, the European Commission contracted BiPRO GmbH/Copenhagen Resource Institute to assess the separate collection schemes in the 28 European Union Member States, focusing on capital cities and on metal, plastic, glass (with packaging as the main source), paper/cardboard and bio-waste. The study includes an assessment of the legal framework for, and the practical implementation of, collection systems in the European Union-28 Member States and an in depth-analysis of systems applied in all capital cities. It covers collection systems that collect one or more of the five waste streams separately from residual waste/mixed municipal waste at source (including strict separation, co-mingled systems, door-to-door, bring-point collection and civic amenity sites). A scoreboard including 13 indicators is elaborated in order to measure the performance of the systems with the capture rates as key indicators to identify best performers. Best performance are by the cities of Ljubljana, Helsinki and Tallinn, leading to the key conclusion that door-to-door collection, at least for paper and bio-waste, and the implementation of pay-as-you-throw schemes results in high capture and thus high recycling rates of packaging and other municipal waste.
authors.affiliation: BiPRO GmbH, Munich, Germany Nicole.Seyring@bipro.de.
authors.forename: Nicole
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Seyring
authors.affiliation: BiPRO GmbH, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Marie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dollhofer
authors.affiliation: BiPRO GmbH, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Jakob
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Weißenbacher
authors.affiliation: Copenhagen Resource Institute (CRI), Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Ioannis
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Bakas
authors.affiliation: Copenhagen Resource Institute (CRI), Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: McKinnon
mesh_terms: D005062:European Union; D019064:Product Packaging; D059027:Recycling / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence / Q000379:methods*; D012037:Refuse Disposal / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence; D062611:Solid Waste / Q000032:analysis*; D018505:Waste Management / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D062611:Solid Waste
keywords: European capital cities; Separate waste collection; Waste Framework Directive; capture rate; packaging waste; performance; waste management