title: Epitaxial Growth of Single Layer Blue Phosphorus: A New Phase of Two-Dimensional Phosphorus.
abstract: Blue phosphorus, a previously unknown phase of phosphorus, has been recently predicted by theoretical calculations and shares its layered structure and high stability with black phosphorus, a rapidly rising two-dimensional material. Here, we report a molecular beam epitaxial growth of single layer blue phosphorus on Au(111) by using black phosphorus as precursor, through the combination of in situ low temperature scanning tunneling microscopy and density functional theory calculation. The structure of the as-grown single layer blue phosphorus on Au(111) is explained with a (4 × 4) blue phosphorus unit cell coinciding with a (5 × 5) Au(111) unit cell, and this is verified by the theoretical calculations. The electronic bandgap of single layer blue phosphorus on Au(111) is determined to be 1.10 eV by scanning tunneling spectroscopy measurement. The realization of epitaxial growth of large-scale and high quality atomic-layered blue phosphorus can enable the rapid development of novel electronic and optoelectronic devices based on this emerging two-dimensional material.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore , 3 Science Drive 3, 117543, Singapore.|Department of Physics, National University of Singapore , 2 Science Drive 3, 117542, Singapore.
authors.forename: Jia Lin
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Centre for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026, China.
authors.forename: Songtao
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore , 3 Science Drive 3, 117543, Singapore.|Department of Physics, National University of Singapore , 2 Science Drive 3, 117542, Singapore.|Center for Advanced 2D Materials and Graphene Research Center, National University of Singapore , 3 Science Drive 3, 117546, Singapore.
authors.forename: Cheng
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Centre for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026, China.|Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Computational Nano-Material Science, Guizhou Normal College , Guiyang 550018, China.
authors.forename: Zhunzhun
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore , 3 Science Drive 3, 117543, Singapore.
authors.forename: Shu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhong
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, National University of Singapore , 2 Science Drive 3, 117542, Singapore.
authors.forename: Shuo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore , 3 Science Drive 3, 117543, Singapore.
authors.forename: Rui
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore , 3 Science Drive 3, 117543, Singapore.
authors.forename: Xiong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore , 3 Science Drive 3, 117543, Singapore.
authors.forename: Cheng Ding
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, National University of Singapore , 2 Science Drive 3, 117542, Singapore.
authors.forename: Kai Di
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.affiliation: Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Centre for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026, China.
authors.forename: Zhenyu
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore , 3 Science Drive 3, 117543, Singapore.|Department of Physics, National University of Singapore , 2 Science Drive 3, 117542, Singapore.|Center for Advanced 2D Materials and Graphene Research Center, National University of Singapore , 3 Science Drive 3, 117546, Singapore.|National University of Singapore (Suzhou) Research Institute , 377 Lin Quan Street, Suzhou Industrial Park, Jiang Su 215123, China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Chen
keywords: 2D material; MBE; STM; blue phosphorus