title: Micronutrient intake and food sources in the very old: analysis of the Newcastle 85+ Study.
abstract: A number of socio-economic, biological and lifestyle characteristics change with advancing age and place very old adults at increased risk of micronutrient deficiencies. The aim of this study was to assess vitamin and mineral intakes and respective food sources in 793 75-year-olds (302 men and 491 women) in the North-East of England, participating in the Newcastle 85+ Study. Micronutrient intakes were estimated using a multiple-pass recall tool (2×24 h recalls). Determinants of micronutrient intake were assessed with multinomial logistic regression. Median vitamin D, Ca and Mg intakes were 2·0 (interquartile range (IQR) 1·2-6·5) µg/d, 731 (IQR 554-916) mg/d and 215 (IQR 166-266) mg/d, respectively. Fe intake was 8·7 (IQR 6·7-11·6) mg/d, and Se intake was 39·0 (IQR 27·3-55·5) µg/d. Cereals and cereal products were the top contributors to intakes of folate (31·5 %), Fe (49·2 %) and Se (46·7 %) and the second highest contributors to intakes of vitamin D (23·8 %), Ca (27·5 %) and K (15·8 %). More than 95 % (n 756) of the participants had vitamin D intakes below the UK's Reference Nutrient Intake (10 µg/d). In all, >20 % of the participants were below the Lower Reference Nutrient Intake for Mg (n 175), K (n 238) and Se (n 418) (comparisons with dietary reference values (DRV) do not include supplements). As most DRV are not age specific and have been extrapolated from younger populations, results should be interpreted with caution. Participants with higher education, from higher social class and who were more physically active had more nutrient-dense diets. More studies are needed to inform the development of age-specific DRV for micronutrients for the very old.
authors.affiliation: 1School of Agriculture Food and Rural Development,Newcastle University,Newcastle upon TyneNE1 7RU,UK.
authors.forename: Nuno
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mendonça
authors.affiliation: 1School of Agriculture Food and Rural Development,Newcastle University,Newcastle upon TyneNE1 7RU,UK.
authors.forename: Tom R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Hill
authors.affiliation: 2Newcastle University Institute for Ageing,Newcastle University,Newcastle upon TyneNE2 4AX,UK.
authors.forename: Antoneta
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Granic
authors.affiliation: 2Newcastle University Institute for Ageing,Newcastle University,Newcastle upon TyneNE2 4AX,UK.
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Davies
authors.affiliation: 2Newcastle University Institute for Ageing,Newcastle University,Newcastle upon TyneNE2 4AX,UK.
authors.forename: Joanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Collerton
authors.affiliation: 2Newcastle University Institute for Ageing,Newcastle University,Newcastle upon TyneNE2 4AX,UK.
authors.forename: John C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Mathers
authors.affiliation: 2Newcastle University Institute for Ageing,Newcastle University,Newcastle upon TyneNE2 4AX,UK.
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Siervo
authors.affiliation: 3Human Nutrition Research Centre,Newcastle University,Newcastle upon TyneNE2 4HH,UK.
authors.forename: Wendy L
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Wrieden
authors.affiliation: 1School of Agriculture Food and Rural Development,Newcastle University,Newcastle upon TyneNE1 7RU,UK.
authors.forename: Chris J
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-6313-6691
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Seal
authors.affiliation: 2Newcastle University Institute for Ageing,Newcastle University,Newcastle upon TyneNE2 4AX,UK.
authors.forename: Thomas B L
authors.initials: TB
authors.lastname: Kirkwood
authors.affiliation: 2Newcastle University Institute for Ageing,Newcastle University,Newcastle upon TyneNE2 4AX,UK.
authors.forename: Carol
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Jagger
authors.affiliation: 2Newcastle University Institute for Ageing,Newcastle University,Newcastle upon TyneNE2 4AX,UK.
authors.forename: Ashley J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Adamson
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015930:Diet Records; D004034:Diet Surveys; D004435:Eating; D004739:England; D005260:Female; D015577:Geriatric Assessment; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D018977:Micronutrients / Q000032:analysis* / Q000592:standards; D015596:Nutrition Assessment; D009751:Nutritional Requirements
chemical_list: D018977:Micronutrients
keywords: 24 h-MPR 24-h multiple-pass recall; Aged 80 years and over; CCP cereals and cereal products; DRV dietary reference value; Dietary intakes; IQR interquartile ranges; LRNI Lower Reference Nutrient Intake; Minerals; NDNS National Diet and Nutrition Survey; Newcastle 85+ Study; RNI Reference Nutrient Intake; Vitamins