title: Malawi women's knowledge and use of labour and birthing positions: A cross-sectional descriptive survey.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Despite research evidence supporting use of upright birthing positions, most women give birth in supine position. Little is known about women's knowledge and use of labour and birthing positions. Specifically, there is a lack of evidence on Malawi women's knowledge and use of birthing positions, and this limits the possibility of improvement in childbirth practices.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To assess women's knowledge and use of different positions during labour and birthing.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study used a cross-sectional descriptive survey in a Malawi maternity unit where 373 low-risk postnatal women participated in face-to-face exit interviews, using a structured questionnaire. A descriptive analysis of the categorical variables was conducted to examine frequencies and percentages.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The majority of women knew about walking (66.4%) and lateral (60.6%) as labour positions, whereas 99.2% knew about the supine as a birthing position. Half of the women (50%) walked during labour and the majority (91.4%) gave birth whilst in supine position. Midwives were the main source of information on positions used during childbirth.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Education about different birthing positions is needed for women who deliver at the maternity unit so that they can make informed decisions on their own options for childbirth. However, midwives must have the competence to encourage and assist women give birth in different positions, so professional development of midwives in childbirth positions is a priority.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Childbirth education should include information on the various labour and birthing positions. Midwives should be equipped with appropriate skills to help women use different positions during childbirth.
authors.affiliation: Kamuzu College of Nursing, Maternal and Child Health Department, Chipatala Avenue, off Mzimba Street, Opposite Kamuzu Central Hospital, Lilongwe, Malawi. Electronic address: bamlewah@kcn.unima.mw.
authors.forename: Barbara Debra
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Zileni
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing & Midwifery, Faculty of Health Science, Flinders University, Sturt Road, Bedford Park 5042, South Australia, Australia.
authors.forename: Pauline
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Glover
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing & Midwifery, Faculty of Health Science, Flinders University, Sturt Road, Bedford Park 5042, South Australia, Australia.
authors.forename: Meril
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.affiliation: Student Learning Centre, Affiliate member, School of Computer Science, Engineering and Mathematics, Flinders University, Sturt Road, Bedford Park 5042, South Australia, Australia.
authors.forename: Kung-Keat
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Teoh
authors.affiliation: DanChurchAid, Area 12/ 682, Along presidential way, Lilongwe, Malawi.
authors.forename: Chisomo WaaZileni
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Zileni
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing & Midwifery, Faculty of Health Science, Flinders University, Sturt Road, Bedford Park 5042, South Australia, Australia.
authors.forename: Amanda
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Muller
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D036861:Delivery, Obstetric / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D007743:Labor, Obstetric; D008295:Malawi; D008880:Midwifery / Q000379:methods*; D036801:Parturition; D056888:Patient Positioning; D011187:Posture; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D037841:Pregnant People / Q000523:psychology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: Childbirth; Labour stage, first; Labour stage, second; Supine position; Upright position