title: Left atrial and ventricular systolic and diastolic myocardial mechanics in patients with end-stage renal disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Diastolic cardiac dysfunction is an important complication of end-stage renal disease (ESRD), but quantification remains a challenge. Given that diastolic dysfunction is reflected in both left atrial (LA) and ventricular (LV) function, we aimed to identify abnormalities in LV and LA volume and function using measures of myocardial mechanics.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively studied 53 incident ESRD patients (46±16 y/o 44% male) and compared them to 85 normal controls. LA phasic volumes and functional parameters were obtained from the apical 4CH view. Global ventricular peak longitudinal and circumferential strain, strain rate (GLS, GL-SR, CS), and rotation were obtained from apical and short-axis views. LA and LV measurements were taken off line using dedicated software (eSie VVI).
  
  
  RESULTS
  ESRD patients had abnormal systolic function with lower LV ejection fraction and peak endocardial strain parameters (mean: GLS -16.6% vs -19.9%, GL-SR -0.91 vs -1.04, and CS -25.6% vs 27.9%, P≤.01 for all). Traditional Doppler parameters remained similar between groups, while diastolic mechanics were abnormal in ESRD. Reduced LV-derived diastolic parameters, fractional early reverse rotation, a marker of ventricular relaxation (P<.006), and ratio of early diastolic SR to systolic SR (P<.04) denote significant diastolic dysfunction. Increased LA volumes (P<.001), decreased LA reservoir (P<.001), conduit (P<.0004), and contractile (P<.02) function reflect diastolic dysfunction.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Myocardial strain measurements quantitated the abnormalities in both LV diastolic and LA function associated with the uremic state. The distinct abnormal diastolic parameters were suggestive of abnormal relaxation and increased filling pressures. Early and accurate assessment of diastolic function may help tailor patient management ESRD.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Toronto General Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: Anna M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Calleja
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Toronto General Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: Harry
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Rakowski
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Papworth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Lynne K
authors.initials: LK
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Toronto General Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: Michal
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jamorski
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Toronto General Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: Christopher T
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.affiliation: Non-invasive Cardiac Imaging B Padeh Medical Center, Poriya, Israel. scarasso@poria.health.gov.il.
authors.forename: Shemy
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Carasso
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016275:Atrial Function; D059347:Cardio-Renal Syndrome / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004452:Echocardiography / Q000379:methods; D054459:Elasticity Imaging Techniques / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006325:Heart Atria / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009929:Organ Size; D013318:Stroke Volume; D018487:Ventricular Dysfunction, Left / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: diastolic dysfunction; end-stage renal disease; left atrial mechanics; left ventricular mechanics; speckle strain