title: IL-10 reduces apoptosis and extracellular matrix degradation after injurious compression of mature articular cartilage.
abstract: The aim of this study was to examine whether anti-inflammatory interleukin-10 (IL-10) exerts chondroprotective effects in an in vitro model of a single mechanical injury of mature articular cartilage.
  
  
  
  Articular cartilage was harvested from the femoro-patellar groove of adult cows (Bos taurus) and cultured w/o bovine IL-10. After 24 h of equilibration explants were subjected to an axial unconfined compression (50% strain, velocity 2 mm/s, held for 10 s). After 96 h cell death was measured histomorphometrically (nuclear blebbing, NB) and the release of glycosaminoglycans (GAG, DMMB assay) and nitric oxide (NO, Griess-reagent) were analyzed. mRNA levels of matrix degrading enzymes and nitric oxide synthetase were measured by quantitative real time PCR. Differences between groups were calculated using a one-way ANOVA with a Bonferroni post hoc test.
  
  
  
  Injurious compression significantly increased the number of cells with NB, release of GAG and nitric oxide and expression of MMP-3, -13, ADAMTS-4 and NOS2. Administration of IL-10 significantly reduced the injury related cell death and release of GAG and NO, respectively. Expression of MMP-3, -13, ADAMTS-4 and NOS2 were significantly reduced.
  
  
  
  Joint injury is a complex process involving specific mechanical effects on cartilage as well as induction of an inflammatory environment. IL-10 prevented crucial mechanisms of chondrodegeneration induced by an injurious single compression. IL-10 might be a multipurpose drug candidate for the treatment of cartilage-related sports injuries or osteoarthritis (OA).
authors.affiliation: Department of Trauma Surgery, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Germany. Electronic address: peter.behrendt@uksh.de.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Behrendt
authors.affiliation: Institute of Anatomy, Christian Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany. Electronic address: a.preusse@anat.uni-kiel.de.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Preusse-Prange
authors.affiliation: Department of Trauma Surgery, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Germany. Electronic address: tim.klueter@uksh.de.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Klüter
authors.affiliation: Institute of Anatomy, Christian Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany. Electronic address: marina.haake@web.de.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Haake
authors.affiliation: Siegfried Weller Institute for Trauma Research & Clinic for Trauma and Restorative Surgery, BG Trauma Clinic Tuebingen, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany; Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Albert Ludwigs University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany. Electronic address: brolauffs@bgu-tuebingen.de.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Rolauffs
authors.affiliation: Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA. Electronic address: alg@mit.edu.
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Grodzinsky
authors.affiliation: Department of Trauma Surgery, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Germany. Electronic address: sebastian.lippross@uksh.de.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lippross
authors.affiliation: Institute of Anatomy, Christian Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany. Electronic address: bkurz@anat.uni-kiel.de.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kurz
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D002358:Cartilage, Articular; D002417:Cattle; D005109:Extracellular Matrix; D016753:Interleukin-10; D013314:Stress, Mechanical
chemical_list: D016753:Interleukin-10
keywords: Cartilage; IL-10; Injurious compression; Osteoarthritis