title: Neuroinflammatory response to experimental stroke is inhibited by eriodictyol.
abstract: Cerebral ischemia is a common disease and one of the most common causes of death and disability worldwide. The lack of glucose and oxygen in neuronal tissue leads to a series of inflammatory events, culminating in neuronal death. Eriodictyol is a flavonoid isolated from the Chinese herb Dracocephalum rupestre that has been proven to have anti-inflammatory properties.
  
  
  
  Thus, the present study was designed to explore whether eriodictyol has neuroprotective effects against the neuronal damage, motor and memory deficits induced by permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (pMCAO) in mice.
  
  
  
  Animals were orally treated with eriodictyol (1, 2 and 4mg/kg) or vehicle (saline) 30min before pMCAO, 2h after, and then once daily for the following five days.
  
  
  
  The parameters studied were neuronal viability, brain infarcted area; sensorimotor deficits; exploratory activity; working and aversive memory; myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity; TNFα, iNOS and GFAP immunoreactivity.
  
  
  
  The treatment with eriodictyol prevented neuronal death, reduced infarct area and improved neurological and memory deficits induced by brain ischemia. The increase of MPO activity and TNF-α, iNOS and GFAP expression were also reduced by eriodictyol treatment.
  
  
  
  These findings demonstrate that eriodictyol exhibit promising neuroprotection effects against the permanent focal ischemia cerebral injury in the mice experimental model and the underlying mechanisms might be mediated through inhibition of neuroinflammation.
authors.affiliation: Post-Graduate Programme in Medical Sciences, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Brazil. Electronic address: emersonoliveira.shalom@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Emerson de Oliveira
authors.initials: Ede O
authors.lastname: Ferreira
authors.affiliation: Post-Graduate Programme in Pharmacology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Brazil. Electronic address: maraiony@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Mara Yone Soares Dias
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Fernandes
authors.affiliation: Post-Graduate Programme in Medical Sciences, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Brazil. Electronic address: neilamrl@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Neila Maria Rocha de
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Lima
authors.affiliation: Post-Graduate Programme in Pharmacology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Brazil. Electronic address: kelly.rose@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Kelly Rose Tavares
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Neves
authors.affiliation: Post-Graduate Programme in Pharmacology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Brazil. Electronic address: martacarmo@yahoo.com.br.
authors.forename: Marta Regina Santos do
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Carmo
authors.affiliation: Post-Graduate Programme in Pharmacology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Brazil. Electronic address: arnviana@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Francisco Arnaldo Viana
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Lima
authors.affiliation: Post-Graduate Programme in Pharmacology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Brazil. Electronic address: analufonteless@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Analu Aragão
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Fonteles
authors.affiliation: Post-Graduate Programme in Medical Sciences, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Brazil. Electronic address: ap_fontenele@yahoo.com.br.
authors.forename: Ana Paula Fontenele
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Menezes
authors.affiliation: Post-Graduate Programme in Medical Sciences, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Brazil; Post-Graduate Programme in Pharmacology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Brazil; Institute of Biomedicine of Brazilian Semi-arid, Brazil. Electronic address: gmatos@ufc.br.
authors.forename: Geanne Matos de
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Andrade
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001253:Astrocytes / Q000187:drug effects; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000150:complications*; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004660:Encephalitis / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005106:Exploratory Behavior / Q000187:drug effects; D044950:Flavanones / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008124:Locomotion / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D008570:Memory, Short-Term / Q000187:drug effects; D051379:Mice; D009474:Neurons / Q000187:drug effects; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000378:metabolism; D009195:Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D020521:Stroke / Q000150:complications*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D044950:Flavanones; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D009195:Peroxidase; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; C496317:Nos2 protein, mouse; C007619:eriodictyol
keywords: Eriodictyol; Flavonoids; Memory; Neuroinflammation; Neuroprotection; pMCAO