title: Cognitive Training in Older Adults with Mild Cognitive Impairment.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We investigated the feasibility and efficacy of cognitive training for older adults in rural settings and with low education levels, who have mild cognitive impairment (MCI).
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-five older adults (ages >65 years) with MCI were assigned to treatment or control groups, at a 2:1 ratio. Cognitive training occurred in the treatment group for 2 months. The cognitive abilities of the participants were assessed at pre-training, metaphase, and post-training time points, using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), Loewenstein Occupational Therapy Cognitive Assessment (LOTCA), and Hamilton Depression Scale (HAM-D).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Following training, cognitive abilities improved in the treatment group, based on the total scores of all 4 measures, as well as specifically on the MoCA and LOTCA. There were differences in the main effects of group and time point on some subscales, but these differences had little, if any, effect on the overall analyses.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study demonstrated that cognitive training has beneficial effects on attention, language, orientation, visual perception, organization of visual movement, and logical questioning in patients with MCI. Furthermore, the observed effects are long-term changes.
authors.affiliation: College of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, Heilongjiang, China.
authors.forename: Xin Yan
authors.initials: XY
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: College of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, Heilongjiang, China.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Heilongjiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang, China.
authors.forename: Jia Qing
authors.initials: JQ
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.affiliation: College of Management for the postgraduate, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, Heilongjiang, China.
authors.forename: Chang Zhi
authors.initials: CZ
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: Heilongjiang Provincial Hospital, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang, China.
authors.forename: Xiu Lin
authors.initials: XL
authors.lastname: Lyu
authors.affiliation: College of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, Heilongjiang, China.
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, Mudanjiang Medical College, Mudanjiang 157000, Heilongjiang, China.
authors.forename: Xiao Wei
authors.initials: XW
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, Mudanjiang Medical College, Mudanjiang 157000, Heilongjiang, China.
authors.forename: Xin Gang
authors.initials: XG
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.affiliation: College of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, Heilongjiang, China.
authors.forename: Li Hua
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Fan
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002681:China; D003071:Cognition; D060825:Cognitive Dysfunction / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests
keywords: Cognitive training; Efficacy; Mild cognitive impairment; Older adults; Rural