title: Peripheral Motor and Sensory Nerve Conduction following Transplantation of Undifferentiated Autologous Adipose Tissue-Derived Stem Cells in a Biodegradable U.S. Food and Drug Administration-Approved Nerve Conduit.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Conduits preseeded with either Schwann cells or stem cells differentiated into Schwann cells demonstrated promising results for the outcome of nerve regeneration in nerve defects.
  
  
  METHODS
  The concept of this trial combines nerve repair by means of a commercially available nerve guidance conduit and preseeding with autologous, undifferentiated, adipose tissue-derived stem cells. Adipose tissue-derived stem cells were harvested from rats and subsequently seeded onto a U.S. Food and Drug Administration-approved type I collagen conduit. Sciatic nerve gaps 10 mm in length were created, and nerve repair was performed by the transplantation of either conduits preseeded with autologous adipose tissue-derived stem cells or acellular (control group) conduits. After 6 months, the motor and sensory nerve conduction velocity were assessed. Nerves were removed and examined by hematoxylin and eosin, van Gieson, and immunohistochemistry (S100 protein) staining for the quality of axonal regeneration.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nerve gaps treated with adipose tissue-derived stem cells showed superior nerve regeneration, reflected by higher motor and sensory nerve conduction velocity values. The motor and sensory nerve conduction velocity were significantly greater in nerves treated with conduits preseeded with adipose tissue-derived stem cells than in nerves treated with conduits alone (p < 0.05). Increased S100 immunoreactivity was detected for the adipose tissue-derived stem cell group. In this group, axon arrangement inside the conduits was more organized.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Transplantation of adipose tissue-derived stem cells significantly improves motor and sensory nerve conduction velocity in peripheral nerve gaps. Preseeded conduits showed a more organized axon arrangement inside the conduit in comparison with nerve conduits alone. The approach used here could readily be translated into a clinical therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Therapeutic, V.
authors.affiliation: Regensburg, Germany; and Houston, Texas.|From the Center of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery and the Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Regensburg; and the Department of Molecular Pathology and the Division of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center.
authors.forename: Silvan M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Klein
authors.affiliation: Regensburg, Germany; and Houston, Texas.|From the Center of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery and the Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Regensburg; and the Department of Molecular Pathology and the Division of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center.
authors.forename: Jody
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vykoukal
authors.affiliation: Regensburg, Germany; and Houston, Texas.|From the Center of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery and the Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Regensburg; and the Department of Molecular Pathology and the Division of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center.
authors.forename: De-Pei
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Regensburg, Germany; and Houston, Texas.|From the Center of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery and the Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Regensburg; and the Department of Molecular Pathology and the Division of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center.
authors.forename: Hui-Lin
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.affiliation: Regensburg, Germany; and Houston, Texas.|From the Center of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery and the Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Regensburg; and the Department of Molecular Pathology and the Division of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center.
authors.forename: Katharina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Zeitler
authors.affiliation: Regensburg, Germany; and Houston, Texas.|From the Center of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery and the Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Regensburg; and the Department of Molecular Pathology and the Division of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center.
authors.forename: Eckhard
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Alt
authors.affiliation: Regensburg, Germany; and Houston, Texas.|From the Center of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery and the Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Regensburg; and the Department of Molecular Pathology and the Division of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center.
authors.forename: Sebastian
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Geis
authors.affiliation: Regensburg, Germany; and Houston, Texas.|From the Center of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery and the Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Regensburg; and the Department of Molecular Pathology and the Division of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center.
authors.forename: Oliver
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Felthaus
authors.affiliation: Regensburg, Germany; and Houston, Texas.|From the Center of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery and the Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Regensburg; and the Department of Molecular Pathology and the Division of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center.
authors.forename: Lukas
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Prantl
mesh_terms: D020341:Absorbable Implants; D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000166:cytology*; D000818:Animals; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D008297:Male; D009046:Motor Neurons / Q000473:pathology; D009416:Nerve Regeneration / Q000502:physiology; D009431:Neural Conduction / Q000502:physiology*; D059348:Peripheral Nerve Injuries / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012584:Sciatic Nerve / Q000293:injuries / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D011984:Sensory Receptor Cells / Q000473:pathology; D033581:Stem Cell Transplantation / Q000379:methods*; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology*; D014182:Transplantation, Autologous; D014481:United States; D014486:United States Food and Drug Administration