title: Candida-Bacteria Interactions: Their Impact on Human Disease.
abstract: Candida species are the most common infectious fungal species in humans; out of the approximately 150 known species, Candida albicans is the leading pathogenic species, largely affecting immunocompromised individuals. Apart from its role as the primary etiology for various types of candidiasis, C. albicans is known to contribute to polymicrobial infections. Polymicrobial interactions, particularly between C. albicans and bacterial species, have gained recent interest in which polymicrobial biofilm virulence mechanisms have been studied including adhesion, invasion, quorum sensing, and development of antimicrobial resistance. These trans-kingdom interactions, either synergistic or antagonistic, may help modulate the virulence and pathogenicity of both Candida and bacteria while uniquely impacting the pathogen-host immune response. As antibiotic and antifungal resistance increases, there is a great need to explore the intermicrobial cross-talk with a focus on the treatment of Candida-associated polymicrobial infections. This article explores the current literature on the interactions between Candida and clinically important bacteria and evaluates these interactions in the context of pathogenesis, diagnosis, and disease management.
authors.affiliation: Graduate Program in Life Sciences, Molecular Microbiology and Immunology Program, University of Maryland-Baltimore, Baltimore, MD 21201.|Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, University of Maryland-Baltimore, Dental School, Baltimore, MD 21201.
authors.forename: Devon L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Allison
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163.
authors.forename: Hubertine M E
authors.initials: HME
authors.lastname: Willems
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Medicine and Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Sciences, University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka.
authors.forename: J A M S
authors.initials: JAMS
authors.lastname: Jayatilake
authors.affiliation: The Institute for Genomic Sciences.|Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland-Baltimore, Baltimore, MD 21201.
authors.forename: Vincent M
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Bruno
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163.
authors.forename: Brian M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Peters
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, University of Maryland-Baltimore, Dental School, Baltimore, MD 21201.|The Institute for Genomic Sciences.
authors.forename: Mark E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Shirtliff
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001419:Bacteria / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000472:pathogenicity; D002176:Candida albicans / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000472:pathogenicity; D060085:Coinfection / Q000382:microbiology*; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions; D006801:Humans; D056265:Microbial Interactions