title: Design Principles for Engineering of Tissues from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells.
abstract: Recent advances in human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC) technologies have enabled the engineering of human tissue constructs for developmental studies, disease modeling, and drug screening platforms.In vitrotissue formation can be generally described at three levels of cellular organization. Multicellular hPSC constructs are initially formed either with polymeric scaffold materials or simply via self-assembly, adhesive mechanisms. Heterotypic interactions within hPSC tissue constructs can be achieved by physically mixing independently differentiated cell populations or coaxed to simultaneously co-emerge from a common population of undifferentiated cells. Higher order tissue architecture can be engineered by imposing external spatial constraints, such as molds and scaffolds, or depend upon cell-driven organization that exploits endogenous innate developmental mechanisms. The multicellular, heterogeneous, and highly organized structure of hPSC constructs ultimately dictates the resulting form and function ofin vitroengineered human tissue models.
authors.affiliation: The Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, San Francisco, CA; Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California Berkeley and University of California San Francisco, Berkeley/San Francisco, CA.
authors.forename: Oriane B
authors.initials: OB
authors.lastname: Matthys
authors.affiliation: The Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, San Francisco, CA.
authors.forename: Tracy A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Hookway
authors.affiliation: The Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, San Francisco, CA; Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA.
authors.forename: Todd C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: McDevitt
keywords: heterogeneous cell populations; human pluripotent stem cells; multicellular assembly; organoids; tissue architecture; tissue engineering