title: YPEL4 modulates HAC15 adrenal cell proliferation and is associated with tumor diameter.
abstract: Yippee-like (YPEL) proteins are thought to be related to cell proliferation because of their structure and location in the cell. The aim of this study was to clarify the effects of YPEL4 on aldosterone production and cell proliferation in the human adrenocortical cell line (HAC15) and aldosterone producing adenoma (APA). Basal aldosterone levels in HAC15 cells over-expressing YPEL4 was higher than those of control HAC15 cells. The positive effects of YPEL4 on cell proliferation were detected by XTT assay and crystal violet staining. YPEL4 levels in 39 human APA were 2.4-fold higher compared to those in 12 non-functional adrenocortical adenomas, and there was a positive relationship between YPEL4 levels and APA diameter (r = 0.316, P < 0.05). In summary, we have demonstrated that YPEL4 stimulates human adrenal cortical cell proliferation, increasing aldosterone production as a consequence. These results in human adrenocortical cells are consistent with the clinical observations with APA in humans.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular and Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan; Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, The University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA. Electronic address: kenjioki@hiroshima-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Kenji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Oki
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, The University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA.
authors.forename: Maria W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Plonczynski
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, The University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA; Departments of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Anatomy and Neurosciences, The University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA.
authors.forename: Elise P
authors.initials: EP
authors.lastname: Gomez-Sanchez
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, The University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA; Research and Medicine Services, G.V. (Sonny) Montgomery VA Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA.
authors.forename: Celso E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Gomez-Sanchez
mesh_terms: D000306:Adrenal Cortex Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D018246:Adrenocortical Adenoma / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000450:Aldosterone / Q000378:metabolism*; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D005260:Female; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D047368:Tumor Burden; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D002352:Carrier Proteins; C551886:YPEL4 protein, human; D000450:Aldosterone
keywords: Aldosterone producing adenoma; Aldosterone production; Tumor progression; YPEL4