title: Effects of a Home-Based Upper Limb Training Program in Patients With Multiple Sclerosis: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
abstract: To evaluate the effects of a home-based upper limb training program on arm function in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). Additionally, the effects of this program on manual dexterity, handgrip strength, and finger prehension force were analyzed.
  
  
  
  Randomized, single-blind controlled trial.
  
  
  
  Home based.
  
  
  
  Patients with a clinical diagnosis of MS acknowledging impaired manual ability (N=37) were randomized into 2 groups.
  
  
  
  Patients in the experimental group were included in a supervised home-based upper limb training program for 8 weeks twice a week. Patients in the control group received information in the form of a leaflet with a schedule of upper limb exercise training.
  
  
  
  The primary outcome measure was arm function (motor functioning assessed using the finger tapping test and a functional measure, the Action Research Arm Test). The secondary outcome measures were manual dexterity assessed with the Purdue Pegboard Test and handgrip strength and finger prehension force evaluated with a handgrip and a pinch dynamometer, respectively.
  
  
  
  After 8 weeks, a significant between-group improvement (P<.05) was found on the Action Research Arm Test bilaterally and the finger tapping test in the most affected upper limb. The secondary outcomes also improved in the most affected limb in the experimental group.
  
  
  
  An 8-week home-based intervention program focused on upper limbs twice a week improved arm function and physiologic variables with a primary focus on the more affected extremity in patients with MS compared with the control group.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Therapy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: Araceli
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ortiz-Rubio
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Therapy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain. Electronic address: irenecm@ugr.es.
authors.forename: Irene
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Cabrera-Martos
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Therapy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: Janet
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rodríguez-Torres
authors.affiliation: Department of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: Waldo
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Fajardo-Contreras
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Therapy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Díaz-Pelegrina
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Therapy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: Marie Carmen
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Valenza
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D005385:Fingers / Q000502:physiology; D018737:Hand Strength / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D053580:Muscle Strength / Q000502:physiology; D026741:Physical Therapy Modalities; D020127:Recovery of Function; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D034941:Upper Extremity / Q000503:physiopathology*
keywords: Exercise movement techniques; Hand; Multiple sclerosis; Rehabilitation; Upper extremity