title: Recent Advances in Imprinting Disorders.
abstract: Imprinting disorders (ImpDis) are a group of currently 12 congenital diseases with common underlying (epi)genetic etiologies and overlapping clinical features affecting growth, development and metabolism. In the last years it has emerged that ImpDis are characterized by the same types of mutations and epimutations, i.e. uniparental disomies, copy number variations, epimutations, and point mutations. Each ImpDis is associated with a specific imprinted locus, but the same imprinted region can be involved in different ImpDis. Additionally, even the same aberrant methylation patterns are observed in different phenotypes. As some ImpDis share clinical features, clinical diagnosis is difficult in some cases. The advances in molecular and clinical diagnosis of ImpDis help to circumvent these issues, and they are accompanied by an increasing understanding of the pathomechanism behind them. As these mechanisms have important roles for the etiology of other common conditions, the results in ImpDis research have a wider effect beyond the borders of ImpDis. For patients and their families, the growing knowledge contributes to a more directed genetic counseling of the families and personalized therapeutic approaches.
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Genetics, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Soellner
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Genetics, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Begemann
authors.affiliation: Human Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine University of Southampton, Wessex Clinical Genetics Service, Princess Anne Hospital, Southampton, UK.
authors.forename: D J G
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Mackay
authors.affiliation: Clinical Genetic Clinic, Kennedy Center, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Glostrup, Denmark.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Grønskov
authors.affiliation: Clinical Genetic Clinic, Kennedy Center, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Glostrup, Denmark.
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Tümer
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK.
authors.forename: E R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Maher
authors.affiliation: Human Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine University of Southampton, Wessex Clinical Genetics Service, Princess Anne Hospital, Southampton, UK.
authors.forename: I K
authors.initials: IK
authors.lastname: Temple
authors.affiliation: Imprinting and Cancer Group, Cancer Epigenetic and Biology Program (PEBC), Institut d'Investigació Biomedica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Hospital Duran i Reynals, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Monk
authors.affiliation: DiSTABiF, Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli, Caserta, Institute of Genetics and Biophysics - ABT, CNR, Napoli, Italy.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Riccio
authors.affiliation: Endocrinology and Diabetology for Children and Reference Center for Rare Disorders of Calcium and Phosphorus Metabolism, Bicêtre Paris Sud, APHP, INSERM U986, INSERM, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Linglart
authors.affiliation: INSERM, CDR Saint-Antoine, Paris, France.|Sorbonne Universites, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Paris, France.|Pediatric Endocrinology, Armand Trousseau Hospital, Paris, France.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Netchine
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Genetics, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Eggermann
mesh_terms: D056915:DNA Copy Number Variations / Q000235:genetics; D044127:Epigenesis, Genetic; D005817:Genetic Counseling; D030342:Genetic Diseases, Inborn / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000628:therapy; D056426:Genetic Loci / Q000235:genetics*; D005820:Genetic Testing / Q000379:methods; D018392:Genomic Imprinting; D006801:Humans; D009154:Mutation; D024182:Uniparental Disomy / Q000235:genetics
keywords: epigenetic regulation; imprinting disorder; uniparental disomy