title: Endoscopic Ear Surgery: Critical Review of Anatomy and Physiology of Normal and Reconstructive Middle Ear.
abstract: Middle ear anatomy is complex hence it is difficult to study the microscopic vibration of tympanic membrane and ossicles. The basic research has been done in few centres. Our experience is based on clinical data. The lack of quantitative understanding of structural and functional relationship in the mechanical response of the normal and reconstructed middle ear is major factor in poor hearing results after surgery (Merchant et al. in J Laryngol Otol 112:715-731, 1998). The vibration pattern of tympanic membrane changes with different frequencies. It depends upon shape, position and tension of tympanic membrane. Sometimes reconstructed tympanic membrane loses its shape and tension and thus its vibratory response (Pusalkar and Steinbach in Transplants and implants in otology II, 1992). Then what should be the shape, position, tension of the tympanic membrane and the ossicles. In order to have a serviceable hearing, dry and safe ear, there is a necessity of answering all these queries by us.
authors.affiliation: N.R.M ENT Hospital, Near Mahila Samaj, Raichur, Karnataka 584101 India.
authors.forename: Vithal D
authors.initials: VD
authors.lastname: Udagatti
authors.affiliation: Department of ENT and Head-Neck Surgery, Navodaya Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Raichur, Karnataka 584 103 India.
authors.forename: Rajendran
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-6136-130X
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dinesh Kumar
keywords: Endoscopic ear surgery; Ossicles; Tympanic membrane; Vibratory pattern