title: Lithium and valproate prevent methylphenidate-induced mania-like behaviors in the hole board test.
abstract: Manic bipolar is diagnosed by psychomotor agitation, increased goal-directed activity, insomnia, grandiosity, excessive speech, and risky behavior. Animal studies aimed to modeling mania are commonly based in psychostimulants-induced hyperlocomotion. The exploration of other behaviors related with mania is mandatory to investigate this phase of bipolar disorder in animals. In this study, the hole board apparatus was suggested for evaluating mania-like behaviors induced by the psychostimulant methylphenidate. The treatment with methylphenidate (10mg/kg, ip) increased locomotion in the open field test. The pretreatment with lithium (50mg/kg, ip) and valproate (400mg/kg, ip) significantly prevented the hyperlocomotion. In the hole-board test, methylphenidate increased interactions with the central and peripheral holes and the exploration of central areas. Lithium was more effective than valproate in preventing all the behavioral manifestations induced by the psychostimulant. These findings were discussed based on the ability of methylphenidate-treated mice mimicking two symptoms of mania in the hole board test: goal-directed action and risk-taking behavior. In conclusion, the results point to a new approach to study mania through the hole board apparatus. The hole board test appears to be a sensitive assay to detect the efficacy of antimanic drugs.
authors.affiliation: Behavioral Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biophysics and Pharmacology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil.
authors.forename: L S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Souza
authors.affiliation: Behavioral Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biophysics and Pharmacology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil.
authors.forename: E F
authors.initials: EF
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.affiliation: Behavioral Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biophysics and Pharmacology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil.
authors.forename: W B
authors.initials: WB
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.affiliation: Behavioral Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biophysics and Pharmacology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Asth
authors.affiliation: Behavioral Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biophysics and Pharmacology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lobão-Soares
authors.affiliation: Behavioral Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biophysics and Pharmacology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil.
authors.forename: V P
authors.initials: VP
authors.lastname: Soares-Rachetti
authors.affiliation: Behavioral Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biophysics and Pharmacology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil.
authors.forename: I U
authors.initials: IU
authors.lastname: Medeiros
authors.affiliation: Behavioral Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biophysics and Pharmacology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil. Electronic address: egavioli@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: E C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Gavioli
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018692:Antimanic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000139:chemically induced*; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005106:Exploratory Behavior / Q000187:drug effects; D008094:Lithium / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008124:Locomotion / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D008774:Methylphenidate / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D051379:Mice; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D014635:Valproic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D018692:Antimanic Agents; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants; D008774:Methylphenidate; D014635:Valproic Acid; D008094:Lithium
keywords: Animal model; Lithium; Mania; Mouse; Psychostimulant; Valproate