title: Infectivity and development of Opisthorchis viverrini metacercariae in immunosuppressed Barbonymus gonionotus fingerlings (Cyprinidae).
abstract: Opisthorchiasis caused by Opisthorchis viverrini infection, is a serious public health problem in Lao PDR, Cambodia, Vietnam and Thailand. Cyprinid fish are required for the transmission of O. viverrini metacercariae to fish eating-mammal hosts including humans. The transmission of infective metacerariae is an important event, potentially resulting in the development of cholangiocarcinoma in cases of chronic opisthorchiasis. For a better understanding of the development of O. viverrini metacercariae in the second intermediate host, Barbonymus gonionotus (Cyprinidae), the immune response of infected B. gonionotus through fibrous tissue formation and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were investigated. The immunosuppressant (prednisolone) was administered to B. gonionotus infected with O. viverrini cercariae to study infectivity and development of the metacercariae. Additionally, the effects of prednisolone were studied by the investigation of fibrous tissue formation around the metacercariae, as well as SOD activity. In our study, prednisolone administered prior to infection in B. gonionotus had higher metacercarial recovery when compared to the non-administered control group. On the other hand, the administration of prednisolone after the O. viverrini infection allowed metacercariae to develop to the infective stage. Energy consumption from encystation to the infective stage required 443.9-463.7degree-days. The results show that immunosuppression decreases fibrous tissue and SOD activity in infected fish, and also affects the ability of O. viverrini metacercariae to develop to the infective stage. The immune response to metacercarial development of O. viverrini in cyprinid fish should be further studied to gain a greater understanding of this process, and hence, a better understanding of the mechanism(s) involved in metacercarial wall formation.
authors.affiliation: Food-Borne Parasite Research Group, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
authors.forename: Chalermlap
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Donthaisong
authors.affiliation: Food-Borne Parasite Research Group, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
authors.forename: Patpicha
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Arunsan
authors.affiliation: Food-Borne Parasite Research Group, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
authors.forename: Kulwadee
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Suwannatrai
authors.affiliation: Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University, Klongluang, Pathum Thani 12121, Thailand.
authors.forename: Sattrachai
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Prasopdee
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Udon Thani Rajabhat University, Udon Thani 41000, Thailand.
authors.forename: Jutharat
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kulsantiwong
authors.affiliation: Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
authors.forename: Sutee
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wongmaneeprateep
authors.affiliation: Food-Borne Parasite Research Group, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
authors.forename: Apiporn
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Suwannatrai
authors.affiliation: Food-Borne Parasite Research Group, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand. Electronic address: smarn_te@kku.ac.th.
authors.forename: Smarn
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tesana
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002160:Cambodia; D058487:Cercaria / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D003530:Cyprinidae / Q000469:parasitology*; D005393:Fish Diseases / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D016867:Immunocompromised Host / Q000502:physiology*; D007812:Laos; D058488:Metacercariae / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D009889:Opisthorchiasis / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D009891:Opisthorchis / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D013785:Thailand; D014744:Vietnam
keywords: Barbonymus gonionotus; Development; Fibrous tissue formation; Immunosuppressive drug; Opisthorchis viverrini metacercaria; Superoxide dismutase