title: Snail represses the expression of human phospholipid scramblase 4 gene.
abstract: Human phospholipid scramblases (hPLSCRs) are a group of transmembrane ATP independent lipid transporters mediating bi-directional transport of phospholipids. There are four homologues hPLSCR1-hPLSCR4 and hPLSCR1 is the extensively studied homologue among them. hPLSCR4 shares 48% homology with hPLSCR1 and mediates scrambling of PLs similar to hPLSCR1 in Ca(2+) dependent manner. Transcriptional regulation helps in better understanding of the function and the expression of a protein. Till date there are no reports suggesting the transcriptional regulation of hPLSCR4. In this study, we identified Snail to be a potent regulator of hPLSCR4. ConSite tool predicted the presence of a putative Snail binding site with a consensus sequence of (-1521)CAGGTG(-1516) on hPLSCR4 promoter. Luciferase assays depicted a dose dependent decrease in hPLSCR4 promoter activity with an increase in amount of Snail. Deletion analysis revealed that the region from -1380 to -2100 to be the regulatory region of hPLSCR4. Knock down studies further confirmed Snail mediated downregulation of hPLSCR4, as the mRNA and the protein levels of hPLSCR4 considerably increased under knock down conditions. The in vivo interaction of Snail with hPLSCR4 promoter was further confirmed by ChIP assay. This is the first report on the transcriptional regulation of hPLSCR4, where Snail was shown to downregulate the expression of hPLSCR4.
authors.affiliation: Applied and Industrial Microbiology Lab, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Department of Biotechnology, IIT Madras, Chennai 600036, India. Electronic address: manojabiocrat@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Janaki Manoja
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Vinnakota
authors.affiliation: Applied and Industrial Microbiology Lab, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Department of Biotechnology, IIT Madras, Chennai 600036, India. Electronic address: gummadi@iitm.ac.in.
authors.forename: Sathyanarayana N
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Gummadi
mesh_terms: D001665:Binding Sites; D002460:Cell Line; D015536:Down-Regulation; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; D055785:Gene Knockdown Techniques; D017930:Genes, Reporter; D057809:HEK293 Cells; D006801:Humans; D016297:Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; D049294:Phospholipid Transfer Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D016271:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc / Q000378:metabolism; D000071250:Snail Family Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism*; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000378:metabolism; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: C489427:MYC protein, human; C493425:PLSCR4 protein, human; D049294:Phospholipid Transfer Proteins; D016271:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc; D000071250:Snail Family Transcription Factors; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta
keywords: Chromatin immunoprecipitation assay; Phospholipids; Promoter activity; Transcriptional regulation