title: Biomarkers of alcohol misuse: recent advances and future prospects.
abstract: Alcohol abuse and dependence are highly prevalent in many cultures and contribute considerably to the global burden of health and social issues. The current inability to accurately characterise long-term drinking behaviours is a major obstacle to alcoholism diagnosis and treatment. Therefore, it is of great importance to develop objective diagnostic tools to discern subjects with excessive alcohol use and alcoholism or to confirm abstinence. Research over past years has revealed several biochemical compounds with considerable potential for accurate reflection of alcohol intake. This review will address the issue of alcohol biomarker definition, the types of molecules used as so-called traditional biomarkers, and the compounds that can serve as novel biomarker candidates or components of biomarker panels.
authors.affiliation: Chair of Internal Medicine and Department of Internal Medicine in Nursing, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland.
authors.forename: Iwona
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Jastrzębska
authors.affiliation: Chair of Internal Medicine and Department of Internal Medicine in Nursing, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland.
authors.forename: Agnieszka
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zwolak
authors.affiliation: Chair of Internal Medicine and Department of Internal Medicine in Nursing, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland.
authors.forename: Michał
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Szczyrek
authors.affiliation: Chair of Internal Medicine and Department of Internal Medicine in Nursing, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland.
authors.forename: Agnieszka
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wawryniuk
authors.affiliation: Chair and Department of Gastroenterology with Endoscopic Unit, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland.
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Skrzydło-Radomańska
authors.affiliation: Chair of Internal Medicine and Department of Internal Medicine in Nursing, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland.
authors.forename: Jadwiga
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Daniluk
keywords: alcohol abuse; alcohol biomarkers; alcohol misuse