title: Differences in Status 1A Heart Transplantation Survival in the Continuous Flow Left Ventricular Assist Device Era.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Heart transplantation remains the gold standard therapy for end-stage heart failure patients; however, volumes are limited because of donor organ shortage. With the increasing availability of more durable continuous flow left ventricular assist devices (CFLVADs), the matrix of the heart transplantation waiting list and that of donor allocation have seen substantial changes. We aimed to evaluate the impact of the stated reasons for status 1A at time of transplantation on post-transplantation survival in CFVAD patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  The United Network of Organ Sharing (UNOS) thoracic organ transplantation database was queried between 2006 and 2013 to identify patients aged 18 years or older who underwent heart transplantation as UNOS status 1A. We further assessed the data to identify reasons for status 1A at time of transplantation in CFVAD patients. We also computed post-transplantation survival of patients supported with CFLVAD who were status 1A at the time of transplantation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 15,779 patients underwent heart transplantation during the study time period, of whom 8,429 were Status 1A, and 3,913 had CFLVAD at time of transplantation. Of all status 1A patients, 2,737 had CFLVAD at time of transplantation, of which 52% (1,413) had device complications (thrombosis, infection, malfunction, and other) and 48% (1,314) were on 30-day grace status 1A. Post-transplantation survival (at 3 years) of CFLVAD patients who received a transplant on 30-day grace status 1A was similar to patients who underwent transplantation on status 1B (84% versus 85%, p = 0.5), both of which were significantly better than status 1A patients because of device complications (84% and 85% versus 78%, p = 0.01) (Fig 1).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CFLVAD patients who underwent transplantation as Status 1B or on the 30-day grace Status 1A have similar post-transplantation survival. These data suggest that there needs to be an objective organ allocation system for recipients of heart transplant that prioritize patients with CFVAD complications and patients not eligible for CFVAD for transplantation over 30-day grace period patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky.
authors.forename: Jaimin R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Trivedi
authors.affiliation: Center for Advanced Heart Failure and Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, University of Texas - Houston McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas.
authors.forename: Keshava
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Rajagopal
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky.
authors.forename: Erin M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Schumer
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky.
authors.forename: Emma J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Birks
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky.
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lenneman
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky.
authors.forename: Allen
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky. Electronic address: mark.slaughter@louisville.edu.
authors.forename: Mark S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Slaughter
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015897:Comorbidity; D016208:Databases, Factual; D004867:Equipment Design; D004868:Equipment Failure; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000145:classification / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D016027:Heart Transplantation / Q000401:mortality*; D006353:Heart-Assist Devices / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016459:Prosthesis-Related Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013927:Thrombosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D014019:Tissue Donors / Q000600:supply & distribution; D014850:Waiting Lists