title: Metabolic Responses of Poplar to Apripona germari (Hope) as Revealed by Metabolite Profiling.
abstract: Plants have developed biochemical responses to adapt to biotic stress. To characterize the resistance mechanisms in poplar tree against Apripona germari, comprehensive metabolomic changes of poplar bark and xylem in response to A. germari infection were examined by gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC-TOF/MS). It was found that, four days after feeding (stage I), A. germari infection brought about changes in various metabolites, such as phenolics, amino acids and sugars in both bark and xylem. Quinic acid, epicatechin, epigallocatechin and salicin might play a role in resistance response in bark, while coniferyl alcohol, ferulic acid and salicin contribute resistance in xylem. At feeding stages II when the larvae fed for more than one month, fewer defensive metabolites were induced, but levels of many intermediates of glycolysis and the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle were reduced, especially in xylem. These results suggested that the defense strategies against A. germari might depend mainly on the early defense responses in poplar. In addition, it was found that bark and xylem in infected trees accumulated higher levels of salicylic acid and 4-aminobutyric acid, respectively, these tissues displaying a direct and systemic reaction against A. germari. However, the actual role of the two metabolites in A. germari-induced defense in poplar requires further investigation.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of the State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China. wlj307@caf.ac.cn.|Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China. wlj307@caf.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Lijuan
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: The Key Laboratory of Forest Protection, State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China. qulj2001@caf.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Liangjian
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Qu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics &amp; Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China. zhanglwnl@126.com.
authors.forename: Liwei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of the State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China. hujjlys@gmail.com.|Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China. hujjlys@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Jianjun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of the State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China. tangfangcaf2@126.com.|Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China. tangfangcaf2@126.com.
authors.forename: Fang
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of the State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China. lumz@caf.ac.cn.|Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China. lumz@caf.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Mengzhu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lu
mesh_terms: D000596:Amino Acids / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001592:Benzyl Alcohols / Q000378:metabolism; D002392:Catechin / Q000378:metabolism; D002952:Citric Acid Cycle; D001517:Coleoptera / Q000472:pathogenicity; D005960:Glucosides / Q000378:metabolism; D006019:Glycolysis; D006790:Host-Parasite Interactions; D055442:Metabolome; D009844:Oligosaccharides / Q000378:metabolism; D010636:Phenols / Q000378:metabolism; D024301:Plant Bark / Q000378:metabolism; D032107:Populus / Q000378:metabolism / Q000469:parasitology*; D011801:Quinic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D020156:Salicylic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D052584:Xylem / Q000378:metabolism; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D001592:Benzyl Alcohols; D005960:Glucosides; D009844:Oligosaccharides; D010636:Phenols; D011801:Quinic Acid; C005696:salicin; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; D002392:Catechin; D020156:Salicylic Acid
keywords: Apripona germari; induced resistance; insects; metabolomics; poplar