title: Farnesoid X Receptor Agonists and Other Bile Acid Signaling Strategies for Treatment of Liver Disease.
abstract: The intracellular nuclear receptor farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and the transmembrane G protein-coupled receptor 5 (TGR5) respond to bile acids (BAs) by activating transcriptional networks and/or signaling cascades. These cascades affect the expression of a great number of target genes relevant for BA, cholesterol, lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, as well as genes involved in inflammation, fibrosis and carcinogenesis. FXR activation in the liver tissue and beyond, such as the gut-liver axis, kidney and adipose tissue, plays a role in metabolic diseases. These BA receptors activators hold promise to become a new class of drugs to be used in the treatment of chronic liver disease, hepatocellular cancer and extrahepatic inflammatory and metabolic diseases. This review discusses the relevant BA receptors, the new drugs that target BA transport and signaling and their possible applications.
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Emina
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Halilbasic
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fuchs
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Traussnigg
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Trauner
mesh_terms: D001647:Bile Acids and Salts / Q000378:metabolism / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation; D008107:Liver Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics; D008659:Metabolic Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics; D058990:Molecular Targeted Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear / Q000819:agonists* / Q000378:metabolism; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000235:genetics; D000099150:Receptor, Farnesoid X-Activated
chemical_list: D001647:Bile Acids and Salts; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled; D000099150:Receptor, Farnesoid X-Activated; C091671:XCR1 protein, human