title: Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) I/D and Alpha-Adducin (ADD1) G460W Gene Polymorphisms in Turkish Patients with Severe Chronic Tinnitus.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Tinnitus is described as a disturbing sound sensation in the absence of external stimulation. We aimed to investigate whether there is any relationship between severe chronic tinnitus and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) I/D and α-adducin (ADD1) G460W gene polymorphisms.
  
  
  METHODS
  The patient group and control group consisted of 89 and 104 individuals, respectively. The evaluation of tinnitus was performed using the Strukturiertes Tinnitus-Interview (STI). The Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI) was used to evaluate the tinnitus severity. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) techniques were used for genotyping.
  
  
  RESULTS
  With regard to the ACE I/D polymorphism, there was no significant difference in genotype and allele frequencies between the patient group and control group. However, a statistically significant difference was found in genotype (p<0.01) and allele frequencies (p=0.021) of the ADD1 G460W gene polymorphism. Combined genotype analysis showed that the ACE II /ADD1 GW genotype was statistically significantly higher in the patient group than in the control group (X2: 7.15, p=0.007). The odds ratio value of the GW genotype was 2.5 (95% CI=1.4-4.7) (p<0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results demonstrate an association between ADD1 G460W gene polymorphism and susceptibility to severe chronic tinnitus. It was found that the GW genotype increased the disease risk by 2.5-fold compared with other genotypes. This indicates that ADD1 G460W polymorphism could be an important factor in the pathophysiology of tinnitus.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Cumhuriyet University School of Medicine, Sivas, Turkey. gokhanbagci@hotmail.com.tr.
authors.forename: Salim
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yuce
authors.forename: Enver
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sancakdar
authors.forename: Gokhan
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bağcı
authors.forename: Sema
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Koc
authors.forename: Hande Kucuk
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Kurtulgan
authors.forename: Binnur
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bağcı
authors.forename: Mansur
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Doğan
authors.forename: İsmail Onder
authors.initials: İO
authors.lastname: Uysal
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000483:Alleles; D002148:Calmodulin-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D002908:Chronic Disease; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease / Q000235:genetics; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D054643:INDEL Mutation / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A / Q000235:genetics*; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*; D012016:Reference Values; D014012:Tinnitus / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics*; D014421:Turkey; D000099291:Adducins
chemical_list: D002148:Calmodulin-Binding Proteins; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A; D000099291:Adducins; C488034:ACE protein, human