title: Genomic insights into the ESBL and MCR-1-producing ST648Escherichiacoliwith multi-drug resistance.
abstract: Polymyxin acts as an ultimate line of refuge against the severe infections by multidrug-resistant Gram-negative pathogens. This conventional idea is challenged dramatically by the recent discovery of mobile colistin resistance gene (mcr-1) is prevalent in food animals and human beings worldwide. More importantly, themcr-1gene was found to be co-localized with other antibiotic resistance genes, raising the possibility that super-bugs with pan-drug resistance are emerging. However, little is reported on the genomes of themcr-1-positive bacterial host reservoirs. Here we report genome sequencing of three human isolates of themcr-1-positiveEscherichia coli(E15004, E15015 and E15017) and define general features through analyses of bacterial comparative genomics. Further genomic mining together with sequence typing allowed us to elucidate that the MCR-1-carryingE. coliE15017 belongs to the sequence type ST648 and coproduces extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL). Given the fact that ST648 has been known to associate with either New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase 1 or ESBL, our results highlighted the possibility of ST648 as an epidemic clone with multidrug resistances.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058 China.|Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801 USA.
authors.forename: Huimin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801 USA.
authors.forename: Christopher H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Seward
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50010 USA.
authors.forename: Zuowei
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058 China.
authors.forename: Huiyan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058 China.
authors.forename: Youjun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Feng
keywords: Colistin resistance; Extended-spectrum beta-lactam (ESBL); MCR-1; ST648