title: The effect of music on the level of cortisol, blood glucose and physiological variables in patients undergoing spinal anesthesia.
abstract: Surgical procedures performed using spinal anesthetic techniques present a special challenge to anesthesiologists, because patients are awake and are exposed to multiple anxiety provoking visual and auditory stimuli. Therefore, this study was carried out to define the effect of music on the level of cortisol, blood glucose and physiological variables in patients under spinal anesthesia. In this semi-experimental research, 90 men aging from 18-48 years with ASA (acetylsalicylic acid) class I, who underwent urological and abdominal surgery, were investigated. Patients were divided randomly into three groups of thirty subjects. Music group (headphone with music), Silence group (headphone without music) and the control group (without interference). The level of cortisol and blood sugar was measured half an hour before and after the operation. Moreover, the physiological indicators in each of these three groups were monitored and recorded from ten minutes before getting spinal anesthesia to ten minutes after the operation. The level of blood cortisol didn't have any increase in the music group after operation compared to the time before that. However, in the groups of silence and control this level had risen (p< 0.05). The level of blood glucose in music group had declined and in the other two groups it had increased. Our data showed that listening to music during surgery under regional anesthesia has effects on cortisol levels and some of the physiological variables. Therefore the researcher offers to be used music therapy as a complementary method in patients on the reduce anxiety.
authors.affiliation: MS in Nursing, School of Nursing, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Elaheh
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mottahedian Tabrizi
authors.affiliation: Neuroscience Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Hedayat
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sahraei
authors.affiliation: Neuroscience Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Saeid
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Movahhedi Rad
authors.affiliation: Department of Bio-Statistics, School of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Ebrahim
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hajizadeh
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medical Sciences, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Marziyeh
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lak
keywords: blood glucose; cortisol; music therapy; physiological variables; spinal anesthesia