title: Gender differences in the relationships between psychosocial factors and hypertension.
abstract: Gender differences in the epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations and outcomes of cardiovascular disease are well established but there is still a lack of awareness of this both in the general population and among healthcare providers. In addition to the traditionally recognized cardiovascular risk factors, more recently psychosocial risk factors such as stress, mood disorders, low socioeconomic status and sleep disorders have been linked to cardiovascular diseases and hypertension. Psychosocial factors may have different cardiovascular consequences in men and women; thus further efforts are required to explore pathophysiological mechanisms, to obtain gender-specific data from clinical trials and to translate this knowledge into everyday clinical practice.
authors.affiliation: Department Of Clinical And Experimental Medicine, University Of Pisa, Pisa, Italy, Italy.
authors.forename: Marina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Di Pilla
authors.affiliation: Department Of Clinical And Experimental Medicine, University Of Pisa, Pisa, Italy, Italy.
authors.forename: Rosa Maria
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Bruno
authors.affiliation: Department Of Clinical And Experimental Medicine, University Of Pisa, Pisa, Italy, Italy.
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Taddei
authors.affiliation: Department Of Clinical And Experimental Medicine, University Of Pisa, Pisa, Italy, Italy. Electronic address: agostino.virdis@med.unipi.it.
authors.forename: Agostino
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Virdis
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000209:etiology*; D008297:Male; D012307:Risk Factors; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D012737:Sex Factors; D012893:Sleep Wake Disorders / Q000150:complications; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000150:complications
keywords: Blood pressure; Gender; Hypertension; Psychosocial stress