title: Efficacy of amelogenin-chitosan hydrogel in biomimetic repair of human enamel in pH-cycling systems.
abstract: Amelogenin-chitosan (CS-AMEL) hydrogel has shown great potential for the prevention, restoration, and treatment of defective enamel. As a step prior to clinical trials, this study aimed to examine the efficacy of CS-AMEL hydrogel in biomimetic repair of human enamel with erosive or caries-like lesions in pH-cycling systems. Two models for enamel defects, erosion and early caries, were addressed in this study. Two pH-cycling systems were designed to simulate the daily cariogenic challenge as well as the nocturnal pH conditions in the oral cavity. After pH cycling and treatment with CS-AMEL hydrogel, a synthetic layer composed of oriented apatite crystals was formed on the eroded enamel surface. CS-AMEL repaired the artificial incipient caries by re-growing oriented crystals and reducing the depth of the lesions by up to 70% in the pH-cycling systems. The results clearly demonstrate that the CS-AMEL hydrogel is effective at the restoration of erosive and carious lesions under pH-cycling conditions.
authors.affiliation: Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Division of Biomedical Sciences, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA.
authors.forename: Qichao
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Ruan
authors.affiliation: Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Division of Biomedical Sciences, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Liberman
authors.affiliation: Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Division of Biomedical Sciences, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA.
authors.forename: Rucha
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bapat
authors.affiliation: Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Division of Biomedical Sciences, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA.
authors.forename: Karthik Balakrishna
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: Chandrababu
authors.affiliation: Division of Restorative Sciences, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA.
authors.forename: Jin-Ho
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Phark
authors.affiliation: Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Division of Biomedical Sciences, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA.
authors.forename: Janet
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Moradian-Oldak
keywords: Amelogenin-chitosan hydrogel; Early carious lesion; Enamel biomimetic; Enamel erosion; pH-cycling