title: Eyedrop Vaccination Induced Systemic and Mucosal Immunity against Influenza Virus in Ferrets.
abstract: We investigated eyedrop vaccination (EDV) in pre-clinical development for immunological protection against influenza and for potential side effects involving ocular inflammation and the central nervous system (CNS). Live attenuated influenza EDV, CA07 (H1N1), PZ-4 (H1N2) and Uruguay (H3N2), induced both systemic and mucosal virus-specific antibody responses in ferrets. In addition, EDV resulted in a clinically significant protection against viral challenge, and suppression of viral replication in nasal secretion and lung tissue. Regarding safety, we found that administered EDV flow through the tear duct to reach the base of nasal cavity, and thus do not contact the olfactory bulb. All analyses for potential adverse effects due to EDV, including histological and functional examinations, did not reveal significant side effects. On the basis of these findings, we propose that EDV as effective, while being a safe administration route with minimum local side effects, CNS invasion, or visual function disturbance.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Severance Hospital, Institute of Vision Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.|Department of Ophthalmology, National Medical Center, Seoul, 04564, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Sangchul
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yoon
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Severance Hospital, Institute of Vision Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.|Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Eun-Do
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28644, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Min-Suk
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Severance Hospital, Institute of Vision Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Soo Jung
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Gyeonggi-do, 14584, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Tae Kwann
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, National Health Insurance Corporation Ilsan Hospital, Gyounggi-do, 10444, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Kyoung Sub
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28644, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Young-Ki
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Severance Hospital, Institute of Vision Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Kyoung Yul
authors.initials: KY
authors.lastname: Seo
mesh_terms: D000281:Administration, Intranasal; D000818:Animals; D005289:Ferrets / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology*; D018928:Immunity, Mucosal / Q000187:drug effects*; D007252:Influenza Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology*; D008168:Lung / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009975:Orthomyxoviridae / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology*; D009976:Orthomyxoviridae Infections / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000821:virology; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D014611:Vaccination; D014613:Vaccines, Attenuated / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D007252:Influenza Vaccines; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions; D014613:Vaccines, Attenuated