title: Bone tissue engineering using polyetherketoneketone scaffolds combined with autologous mesenchymal stem cells in a sheep calvarial defect model.
abstract: Polyetherketoneketone (PEKK) a high performance thermoplastic polymer that is FDA-approved for cranio- and maxillo-facial as well as spineal surgery. We studied the viability, growth and osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow-derived human and sheep mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) in combination with a 3D scaffold made of PEKK using different cell-based assays. To investigate if autologous MSC, either undifferentiated or osteogenically pre-differentiated, augmented bone formation after implantation, we implanted cell-seeded 3D PEKK scaffolds into calvarial defects in sheep for 12 weeks. The volume and quality of newly formed bone were investigated using micro-computer tomography (micro-CT) and histological stainings. Our results show that the 3D PEKK scaffolds were cyto- and bio-compatible. They allowed for adherence, growth and osteogenic differentiation of human and ovine MSC. However, bone healing seemed unaffected by whether the scaffolds were seeded with MSC. Considerable amounts of newly formed bone were found in all PEKK treated groups, but a fibrous capsule was formed around the implants regardless of cell seeding with MSC.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pathology, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany; Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Biointerface Group, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstr. 20, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
authors.forename: Carina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Adamzyk
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pathology, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kachel
authors.affiliation: Electron Microscopic Facility, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
authors.forename: Mareike
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hoss
authors.affiliation: Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
authors.forename: Felix
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gremse
authors.affiliation: Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Modabber
authors.affiliation: Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Hölzle
authors.affiliation: Institute for Laboratory Animal Science and Experimental Surgery, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
authors.forename: Rene
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tolba
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pathology, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany; Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Biointerface Group, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstr. 20, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
authors.forename: Sabine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Neuss
authors.affiliation: Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany. Electronic address: blethaus@ukaachen.de.
authors.forename: Bernd
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lethaus
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001577:Benzophenones; D001861:Bone Regeneration; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006801:Humans; D045164:Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation; D023421:Models, Animal; D016348:Osseointegration; D011108:Polymers; D012756:Sheep; D012886:Skull; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000379:methods*; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds
chemical_list: D001577:Benzophenones; D011108:Polymers; C000624694:polyetherketoneketone
keywords: Biomaterials; Bone reconstruction; Mesenchymal stem cells; Polyetherketoneketone; Tissue engineering