title: Co-Occurrence of Language and Behavioural Change in Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We aimed to evaluate the co-occurrence of language and behavioural impairment in patients with frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) spectrum pathology.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighty-one dementia patients with pathological confirmation of FTLD were identified. Anonymized clinical records from patients' first assessment were rated for language and behavioural features from frontotemporal dementia consensus criteria, primary progressive aphasia (PPA) criteria and 1998 FTLD criteria.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Over 90% of patients with FTLD pathology exhibited a combination of at least one behavioural and one language feature. Changes in language, in particular, were commonly accompanied by behavioural change. Notably, the majority of patients who displayed language features characteristic of semantic variant PPA exhibited 'early perseverative, stereotyped or compulsive/ritualistic behaviour'. Moreover, 'executive/generation deficits with relative sparing of memory and visuospatial functions' occurred in most patients with core features of non-fluent variant PPA.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Behavioural and language symptoms frequently co-occur in patients with FTLD pathology. Current classifications, which separate behavioural and language syndromes, do not reflect this co-occurrence.
authors.affiliation: Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Cerebral Function Unit, Greater Manchester Neuroscience Centre, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Salford, Manchester, UK; Institute of Brain, Behaviour and Mental Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
authors.forename: Jennifer M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Harris
authors.affiliation: Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Cerebral Function Unit, Greater Manchester Neuroscience Centre, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Salford, Manchester, UK; Institute of Brain, Behaviour and Mental Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
authors.forename: Matthew
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.affiliation: Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Cerebral Function Unit, Greater Manchester Neuroscience Centre, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Salford, Manchester, UK.
authors.forename: Claire
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gall
authors.affiliation: Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Cerebral Function Unit, Greater Manchester Neuroscience Centre, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Salford, Manchester, UK; Institute of Brain, Behaviour and Mental Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
authors.forename: Anna M T
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Richardson
authors.affiliation: Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Cerebral Function Unit, Greater Manchester Neuroscience Centre, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Salford, Manchester, UK; Institute of Brain, Behaviour and Mental Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Neary
authors.affiliation: Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Cerebral Function Unit, Greater Manchester Neuroscience Centre, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Salford, Manchester, UK.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: du Plessis
authors.affiliation: Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Cerebral Function Unit, Greater Manchester Neuroscience Centre, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Salford, Manchester, UK.
authors.forename: Piyali
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pal
authors.affiliation: Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Cerebral Function Unit, Greater Manchester Neuroscience Centre, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Salford, Manchester, UK; Institute of Brain, Behaviour and Mental Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
authors.forename: David M A
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Mann
authors.affiliation: Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Cerebral Function Unit, Greater Manchester Neuroscience Centre, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Salford, Manchester, UK; Institute of Brain, Behaviour and Mental Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
authors.forename: Julie S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Snowden
authors.affiliation: Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Cerebral Function Unit, Greater Manchester Neuroscience Centre, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Salford, Manchester, UK; Institute of Brain, Behaviour and Mental Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
authors.forename: Jennifer C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Thompson
keywords: Aphasia; Diagnostic criteria; Frontotemporal dementia; Frontotemporal lobar degeneration; Pathology