title: Case Report of Atlantoaxial Rotatory Fixation after Cochlear Implantation.
abstract: Atlantoaxial rotatory fixation (AARF) is a relatively rare condition and is mainly seen in children. We report of a 7-year-old girl suffering from AARF after cochlear implantation (CI). Fortunately, early diagnosis based on three-dimensional computed tomography (3DCT) was made, and the patient was cured with conservative therapy. Nontraumatic AARF, which is also known as Grisel's syndrome and occurs subsequent to neck infections or ear, nose, and throat (ENT) surgery, represents only a small fraction of AARF cases. Two factors are mainly thought to contribute to the pathogenesis of the condition estimated, namely, (i) neck immaturity in children and (ii) infiltration by inflammatory mediators around the upper neck joint, easily permitted by the neck vasculature. AARF should be suspected in case of torticollis developing after ENT surgery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake-cho, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan.
authors.forename: Takahiro
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-9250-7930
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakashima
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake-cho, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan.
authors.forename: Keiji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Matsuda
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake-cho, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan; Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Kagoshima City Hospital, 37-1 Kamiaratacho, Kagoshima 890-8760, Japan.
authors.forename: Takumi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Okuda
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake-cho, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan.
authors.forename: Tetsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tono
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Kagoshima City Hospital, 37-1 Kamiaratacho, Kagoshima 890-8760, Japan.
authors.forename: Minoru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Takaki
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Kagoshima City Hospital, 37-1 Kamiaratacho, Kagoshima 890-8760, Japan.
authors.forename: Tamon
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hayashi
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Kagoshima City Hospital, 37-1 Kamiaratacho, Kagoshima 890-8760, Japan.
authors.forename: Yutaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hanamure