title: Costs of life - Dynamics of the protein inventory of Staphylococcus aureus during anaerobiosis.
abstract: Absolute protein quantification was applied to follow the dynamics of the cytoplasmic proteome of Staphylococcus aureus in response to long-term oxygen starvation. For 1,168 proteins, the majority of all expressed proteins, molecule numbers per cell have been determined to monitor the cellular investments in single branches of bacterial life for the first time. In the presence of glucose the anaerobic protein pattern is characterized by increased amounts of glycolytic and fermentative enzymes such as Eno, GapA1, Ldh1, and PflB. Interestingly, the ferritin-like protein FtnA belongs to the most abundant proteins during anaerobic growth. Depletion of glucose finally leads to an accumulation of different enzymes such as ArcB1, ArcB2, and ArcC2 involved in arginine deiminase pathway. Concentrations of 29 exo- and 78 endometabolites were comparatively assessed and have been integrated to the metabolic networks. Here we provide an almost complete picture on the response to oxygen starvation, from signal transduction pathways to gene expression pattern, from metabolic reorganization after oxygen depletion to beginning cell death and lysis after glucose exhaustion. This experimental approach can be considered as a proof of principle how to combine cell physiology with quantitative proteomics for a new dimension in understanding simple life processes as an entity.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Microbiology, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University Greifswald, F.-L.-Jahn-Strasse 15, D-17487 Greifswald, Germany.
authors.forename: Daniela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zühlke
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biochemistry, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Strasse 4, D-17487 Greifswald, Germany.
authors.forename: Kirsten
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Dörries
authors.affiliation: Institute of Microbiology, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University Greifswald, F.-L.-Jahn-Strasse 15, D-17487 Greifswald, Germany.
authors.forename: Jörg
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bernhardt
authors.affiliation: Institute of Microbiology, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University Greifswald, F.-L.-Jahn-Strasse 15, D-17487 Greifswald, Germany.
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Maaß
authors.affiliation: Institute of Microbiology, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University Greifswald, F.-L.-Jahn-Strasse 15, D-17487 Greifswald, Germany.
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Muntel
authors.affiliation: Department of Mathematics and Informatics, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University Greifswald, Walther-Rathenau-Strasse 47, D-17487 Greifswald, Germany.
authors.forename: Volkmar
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Liebscher
authors.affiliation: Institute of Microbiology, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University Greifswald, F.-L.-Jahn-Strasse 15, D-17487 Greifswald, Germany.
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pané-Farré
authors.affiliation: Institute of Microbiology, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University Greifswald, F.-L.-Jahn-Strasse 15, D-17487 Greifswald, Germany.
authors.forename: Katharina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Riedel
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biochemistry, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Strasse 4, D-17487 Greifswald, Germany.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lalk
authors.affiliation: Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University Greifswald, F.-L.-Jahn-Strasse 15 a, D-17487 Greifswald, Germany.
authors.forename: Uwe
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Völker
authors.affiliation: Institute of Microbiology, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University Greifswald, F.-L.-Jahn-Strasse 15, D-17487 Greifswald, Germany.|Institute of Microbiology, Technical University Braunschweig, Inhoffenstrasse 7, D-38124 Braunschweig, Germany.|Helmholtz Institute for Infection Research, Microbial Proteomics, Inhoffenstrasse 7, D-38124 Braunschweig, Germany.
authors.forename: Susanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Engelmann
authors.affiliation: Institute of Microbiology, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University Greifswald, F.-L.-Jahn-Strasse 15, D-17487 Greifswald, Germany.
authors.forename: Dörte
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Becher
authors.affiliation: Institute of Microbiology, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University Greifswald, F.-L.-Jahn-Strasse 15, D-17487 Greifswald, Germany.|Robert Koch Institute, FG13 Nosocomial Pathogens and Antibiotic Resistance, Burgstrasse 37, D-38855 Wernigerode, Germany.
authors.forename: Stephan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fuchs
authors.affiliation: Institute of Microbiology, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University Greifswald, F.-L.-Jahn-Strasse 15, D-17487 Greifswald, Germany.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hecker
mesh_terms: D000693:Anaerobiosis; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D055442:Metabolome; D010100:Oxygen / Q000378:metabolism; D020543:Proteome / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D040901:Proteomics; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D020543:Proteome; D005947:Glucose; D010100:Oxygen