title: An update of safety of clinically used atypical antipsychotics.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The atypical antipsychotic (APs) drugs have become the most widely used agents to treat a variety of psychoses because of their superiority with regard to safety and tolerability profile compared to conventional/'typical' APs.
  
  
  METHODS
  We aimed at providing a synthesis of most current evidence about the safety and tolerability profile of the most clinically used atypical APs so far marketed. Qualitative synthesis followed an electronic search made inquiring of the following databases: MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO and the Cochrane Library from inception until January 2016, combining free terms and MESH headings for the topics of psychiatric disorders and all atypical APs as following: ((safety OR adverse events OR side effects) AND (aripiprazole OR asenapine OR quetiapine OR olanzapine OR risperidone OR paliperidone OR ziprasidone OR lurasidone OR clozapine OR amisulpride OR iloperidone)).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A critical issue in the treatment with atypical APs is represented by their metabolic side effect profile (e.g. weight gain, lipid and glycaemic imbalance, risk of diabetes mellitus and diabetic ketoacidosis) which may limit their use in particular clinical samples. Electrolyte imbalance, ECG abnormalities and cardiovascular adverse effects may recommend a careful baseline and periodic assessments.
authors.affiliation: a School of Life and Medical Sciences , University of Hertfordshire , Hatfield , Herts , United Kingdom.|b Villa San Giuseppe Hospital, Hermanas Hospitalarias , Ascoli Piceno , Italy.|c Polyedra Research Group , Teramo , Italy.|d Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology , University of Maastricht , Maastricht , The Netherlands.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Orsolini
authors.affiliation: c Polyedra Research Group , Teramo , Italy.|e NHS, Department of Mental Health ASL Teramo , Psychiatric Service of Diagnosis and Treatment, Hospital 'Maria SS dello Splendore,' Giulianova , Italy.|f Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Odontostomatogical Sciences , University of Naples 'Federico II,' Napoli , Italy.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tomasetti
authors.affiliation: b Villa San Giuseppe Hospital, Hermanas Hospitalarias , Ascoli Piceno , Italy.|c Polyedra Research Group , Teramo , Italy.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Valchera
authors.affiliation: b Villa San Giuseppe Hospital, Hermanas Hospitalarias , Ascoli Piceno , Italy.|c Polyedra Research Group , Teramo , Italy.|d Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology , University of Maastricht , Maastricht , The Netherlands.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Vecchiotti
authors.affiliation: g NHS, Department of Mental Health ASL Teramo, Psychiatric Service of Diagnosis and Treatment , Hospital 'G. Mazzini,' Teramo , Italy.|h Department of Neuroscience and Imaging , University 'G. D'Annunzio,' Chieti , Italy.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Matarazzo
authors.affiliation: g NHS, Department of Mental Health ASL Teramo, Psychiatric Service of Diagnosis and Treatment , Hospital 'G. Mazzini,' Teramo , Italy.|h Department of Neuroscience and Imaging , University 'G. D'Annunzio,' Chieti , Italy.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Vellante
authors.affiliation: c Polyedra Research Group , Teramo , Italy.|f Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Odontostomatogical Sciences , University of Naples 'Federico II,' Napoli , Italy.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Iasevoli
authors.affiliation: c Polyedra Research Group , Teramo , Italy.|f Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Odontostomatogical Sciences , University of Naples 'Federico II,' Napoli , Italy.
authors.forename: E F
authors.initials: EF
authors.lastname: Buonaguro
authors.affiliation: c Polyedra Research Group , Teramo , Italy.|i New York Psychiatric Institute , Columbia University , New York , NY , USA.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fornaro
authors.affiliation: c Polyedra Research Group , Teramo , Italy.
authors.forename: A L C
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Fiengo
authors.affiliation: h Department of Neuroscience and Imaging , University 'G. D'Annunzio,' Chieti , Italy.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Martinotti
authors.affiliation: c Polyedra Research Group , Teramo , Italy.|j Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences , University of L'Aquila , L'Aquila , Italy.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mazza
authors.affiliation: k Department of Clinical Neurosciences , Hermanas Hospitalarias, FoRiPsi, Villa San Benedetto Menni, Albese con Cassano , Como , Italy.|l Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Leonard Miller School of Medicine , University of Miami , Miami , FL , USA.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Perna
authors.affiliation: m NHS, Department of Mental Health ASL Ascoli Piceno, Psychiatric Service of Diagnosis and Treatment , Hospital 'Maria SS del Soccorso,' San Benedetto del Tronto , Italy.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Carano
authors.affiliation: f Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Odontostomatogical Sciences , University of Naples 'Federico II,' Napoli , Italy.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: De Bartolomeis
authors.affiliation: i New York Psychiatric Institute , Columbia University , New York , NY , USA.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Di Giannantonio
authors.affiliation: c Polyedra Research Group , Teramo , Italy.|g NHS, Department of Mental Health ASL Teramo, Psychiatric Service of Diagnosis and Treatment , Hospital 'G. Mazzini,' Teramo , Italy.|h Department of Neuroscience and Imaging , University 'G. D'Annunzio,' Chieti , Italy.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: De Berardis
mesh_terms: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000503:physiopathology; D004562:Electrocardiography; D006801:Humans; D008659:Metabolic Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000503:physiopathology; D014882:Water-Electrolyte Balance / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents
keywords: Atypical antipsychotic; adverse events; antipsychotic; safety; side effects; tolerability