title: Administrations of thalidomide into the rostral ventromedial medulla alleviates painful diabetic neuropathy in Zucker diabetic fatty rats.
abstract: The rostral ventromedial medulla (RVM) plays a critical role in pain signal transmissions. However, the mechanisms of RVM in type 2 diabetic neuropathy are still poorly understood. Therefore, we evaluated the mechanisms within the RVM in the modulation of neuropathic pain in type 2 diabetes. To this end, we used Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats to examine the levels of TNFα, IL-1β, and NF-κB in the RVM during the development of neuropathic pain in type 2 diabetes, and evaluated the effects of intra-RVM microinjections of thalidomide on the levels of TNFα, IL-1β, and NF-κB in the RVM and mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia induced by type 2 diabetes. We found that ZDF rats became hyperglycemic and exhibited increased levels of TNFα, IL-1β, and NFκB in the RVM at the age of 13 weeks. Intra-RVM administrations of thalidomide dose-dependently attenuated mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia, and this phenomenon was associated with reduced levels of TNFα, IL-1β, and NFκB in the RVM, without altering serum levels of TNFα or IL-1β. These results suggested that supraspinal mechanisms of thalidomide play a critical role in modulations of type 2 diabetes induced neuropathic pain, which is likely mediated by TNFα and IL-1β in the RVM.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, The First Hospital of Shijiazhuang, Shijiazhuang 050051, China.
authors.forename: Yunliang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Bethune International Peace Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China.
authors.forename: Zaiwang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, The First Hospital of Shijiazhuang, Shijiazhuang 050051, China.
authors.forename: Jiao
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Guan
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, The First Hospital of Shijiazhuang, Shijiazhuang, China.
authors.forename: Jiabao
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, The First Hospital of Shijiazhuang, Shijiazhuang 050051, China.
authors.forename: Pengyu
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, The First Hospital of Shijiazhuang, Shijiazhuang 050051, China.
authors.forename: Kunfeng
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, The First Hospital of Shijiazhuang, Shijiazhuang 050051, China.
authors.forename: Jianhui
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, The First Hospital of Shijiazhuang, Shijiazhuang 050051, China.
authors.forename: Guangyao
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, The First Hospital of Shijiazhuang, Shijiazhuang 050051, China. Electronic address: tysong1234@163.com.
authors.forename: Tieying
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Song
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000187:drug effects; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood; D003929:Diabetic Neuropathies / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D006930:Hyperalgesia / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D008526:Medulla Oblongata / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D008845:Microinjections; D017288:Pain Threshold / Q000187:drug effects; D051381:Rats; D011924:Rats, Zucker; D013792:Thalidomide / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D016207:Cytokines; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D013792:Thalidomide
keywords: Diabetic neuropathy; Pain; Rostral ventromedial medulla; Thalidomide; Zucker diabetic fatty rats