title: Whole genomic DNA sequencing and comparative genomic analysis of Arthrospira platensis: high genome plasticity and genetic diversity.
abstract: Arthrospira platensis is a multi-cellular and filamentous non-N2-fixing cyanobacterium that is capable of performing oxygenic photosynthesis. In this study, we determined the nearly complete genome sequence of A. platensis YZ. A. platensis YZ genome is a single, circular chromosome of 6.62 Mb in size. Phylogenetic and comparative genomic analyses revealed that A. platensis YZ was more closely related to A. platensis NIES-39 than Arthrospira sp. PCC 8005 and A. platensis C1. Broad gene gains were identified between A. platensis YZ and three other Arthrospira speices, some of which have been previously demonstrated that can be laterally transferred among different species, such as restriction-modification systems-coding genes. Moreover, unprecedented extensive chromosomal rearrangements among different strains were observed. The chromosomal rearrangements, particularly the chromosomal inversions, were analysed and estimated to be closely related to palindromes that involved long inverted repeat sequences and the extensively distributed type IIR restriction enzyme in the Arthrospira genome. In addition, species from genus Arthrospira unanimously contained the highest rate of repetitive sequence compared with the other species of order Oscillatoriales, suggested that sequence duplication significantly contributed to Arthrospira genome phylogeny. These results provided in-depth views into the genomic phylogeny and structural variation of A. platensis, as well as provide a valuable resource for functional genomics studies.
authors.affiliation: School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science/Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
authors.forename: Teng
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China.
authors.forename: Song
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Qin
authors.affiliation: School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science/Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China.
authors.forename: Yongwu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science/Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
authors.forename: Zhijian
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science/Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
authors.forename: Jianchao
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ying
authors.affiliation: School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science/Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
authors.forename: Peizhen
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.affiliation: Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China.
authors.forename: Fangqing
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China James D. Watson Institute of Genome Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
authors.forename: Huanming
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science/Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China baoqy@genomics.org.cn.
authors.forename: Qiyu
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Bao
mesh_terms: D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D022761:Gene Transfer, Horizontal; D016680:Genome, Bacterial; D042822:Genomic Instability; D010802:Phylogeny; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D012091:Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid; D053545:Spirulina / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics*
keywords: chromosomal rearrangement; comparative genomics; evolution; lateral gene transfer