title: Comparison of different collection methods for reported adverse events following pandemic and seasonal influenza vaccination.
abstract: During the 2009/2010 season, information on adverse events after administration of seasonal and pandemic influenza vaccines was collected by different active surveys in the Netherlands. In the present paper, we compared data from a paper-based questionnaire with data from a web-based questionnaire with respect to outcomes and target population, in order to guide future influenza vaccine safety monitoring.
  
  
  
  The paper-based survey collected data from patients who attended primary care practices in the province of Utrecht for influenza vaccination. The web-based survey recruited participants from the general population all provinces of the Netherlands. To analyze the association between study approach and the reported local and systemic adverse events, a generalized estimation equation model was applied. We adjusted for age, gender, comorbidity, previous vaccination and socio-economic status score.
  
  
  
  No significant differences were found between the two studies approaches in reporting local reactions (OR: 0.98, 95% CI 0.88-1.10) and systemic AEs (OR: 1.12, 95% CI 0.99-1.27). There were important differences in the age groups that responded. The elderly were more represented in the paper-based survey where participants were recruited via GPs (79%⩾60years) compared to 37% in the web-based survey where participants were recruited via internet.
  
  
  
  The paper-based survey with recruitment of participants through GPs is more representative for the target group of influenza vaccination compared to the web-based survey with recruitment of participants via internet. A web-based approach with recruitment of participants via internet seems more suitable for situations where information about adverse events on a national level is desirable. We recommend to recruit participants for a web-based survey during mass vaccinations sessions by GPs to comply with the recommendations of the European Centre for Disease Prevention Control.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), PO Box 1, 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands. Electronic address: jeanet.kemmeren@rivm.nl.
authors.forename: Jeanet
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kemmeren
authors.affiliation: Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), PO Box 1, 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Maaike
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Honsbeek
authors.affiliation: Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), PO Box 1, 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Frederika
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Dijkstra
authors.affiliation: Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), PO Box 1, 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Marit
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: de Lange
authors.affiliation: Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), PO Box 1, 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Nicoline
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: van der Maas
authors.affiliation: The Great Influenza Survey/Science in Action BV, PO Box 1786, 1000 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Ronald
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Smallenburg
authors.affiliation: The Great Influenza Survey/Science in Action BV, PO Box 1786, 1000 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Carl
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Koppeschaar
authors.affiliation: Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), PO Box 1, 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Wim
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: van der Hoek
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016907:Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems; D000368:Aged; D003625:Data Collection / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007252:Influenza Vaccines / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007251:Influenza, Human / Q000517:prevention & control; D020407:Internet; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009426:Netherlands; D058873:Pandemics / Q000517:prevention & control; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D007252:Influenza Vaccines
keywords: Influenza vaccine; Pandemic vaccine; Paper-based; Questionnaire; Safety monitoring; Web-based