title: Goldenhar Syndrome and Pain-Related Temporomandibular Disorders. A Case Report.
abstract: Goldenhar syndrome (GS) is a development syndrome, characterized by incomplete development of the craniofacial region. The involvement is mainly unilateral; it varies from being mild to severe; and it can range from malocclusion and facial asymmetry to a more complex phenotype with complete absence of the mandibular ramus and temporomandibular joint. However, orthopedic symptoms of orofacial pain and dysfunction have not generally been considered as part of the symptom complex in GS cases. The case presented here is of a 15-year-old Caucasian patient, who was referred for evaluation because of bilateral pain in the masticatory muscles and temporomandibular joints.
authors.forename: Shehryar Nasir
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Khawaja
authors.forename: Heidi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Crow
authors.forename: Yoly
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Gonzalez
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D018771:Arthralgia / Q000209:etiology; D002012:Bruxism / Q000150:complications; D003769:Dental Occlusion, Traumatic / Q000150:complications; D005081:Exercise Therapy; D005146:Facial Asymmetry / Q000209:etiology; D005157:Facial Pain / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D006053:Goldenhar Syndrome / Q000150:complications*; D006801:Humans; D008406:Masseter Muscle / Q000503:physiopathology; D063806:Myalgia / Q000209:etiology; D017090:Occlusal Splints; D020186:Sleep Bruxism / Q000150:complications; D013703:Temporal Muscle / Q000503:physiopathology; D013705:Temporomandibular Joint Disorders / Q000209:etiology*