title: Environmental and Pharmacological Manipulations Blunt the Stress Response of Zebrafish in a Similar Manner.
abstract: Here we provide evidence that both pharmacological and environmental manipulations similarly blunt the cortisol release in response to an acute stressor in adult zebrafish. Different groups of fish were maintained isolated or group-housed in barren or enriched tanks, and then exposed or not to diazepam or fluoxetine. Acute stress increased cortisol levels in group-housed zebrafish maintained in barren environment. Single-housed zebrafish displayed a blunted cortisol response to stress. Environmental enrichment also blunted the stress response and this was observed in both isolated and group-housed fish. The same blunting effect was observed in zebrafish exposed to diazepam or fluoxetine. We highlighted environmental enrichment as an alternative and/or complimentary therapeutic for reducing stress and as a promoter of animal welfare.
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Av. Roraima, 1000, Cidade Universitária, Camobi, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil.|Universidade de Passo Fundo (UPF), BR 285, São José, Passo Fundo, RS 99052-900, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ana Cristina V V
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Giacomini
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Av. Roraima, 1000, Cidade Universitária, Camobi, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil.
authors.forename: Murilo S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Abreu
authors.affiliation: Universidade de Passo Fundo (UPF), BR 285, São José, Passo Fundo, RS 99052-900, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rodrigo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zanandrea
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Av. Roraima, 1000, Cidade Universitária, Camobi, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil.
authors.forename: Natália
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Saibt
authors.affiliation: Universidade de Passo Fundo (UPF), BR 285, São José, Passo Fundo, RS 99052-900, Brazil.
authors.forename: Maria Tereza
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Friedrich
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Av. Roraima, 1000, Cidade Universitária, Camobi, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil.
authors.forename: Gessi
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Koakoski
authors.affiliation: Universidade de Passo Fundo (UPF), BR 285, São José, Passo Fundo, RS 99052-900, Brazil.
authors.forename: Darlan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gusso
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia e Terapêutica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS 90050-170, Brasil.
authors.forename: Angelo L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Piato
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Av. Roraima, 1000, Cidade Universitária, Camobi, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil.|Universidade de Passo Fundo (UPF), BR 285, São José, Passo Fundo, RS 99052-900, Brazil.|Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioexperimentação, Universidade de Passo Fundo(UPF), BR 285, São José, Passo Fundo, RS 99052-900, Brazil.
authors.forename: Leonardo J G
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Barcellos
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003975:Diazepam / Q000378:metabolism; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D005473:Fluoxetine / Q000378:metabolism; D006799:Housing, Animal; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000378:metabolism; D013312:Stress, Physiological / Q000187:drug effects*; D015027:Zebrafish / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D005473:Fluoxetine; D003975:Diazepam; D006854:Hydrocortisone