title: Clinical application of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in children with refractory cardiopulmonary failure.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study aimed to discribe the experience in supporting children with refractory cardiopulmonary failure with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO).
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively reviewed 12 children with refractory cardiopulmonary failure supported with ECMO from February 2009 to August 2015 in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU), Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seven of the 12 patients were weaned successfully from ECMO and dischaged from the hospital, with a survival rate of 58.3% (7/12). Among them, five patients had acute fulminant myocarditis (AFM). Complications during ECMO included hemorrhage, hemolysis, thrombosis, acute kidney injury, and secondary hematogenous infection. During 1-24 month follow-up, the seven surviving patients recovered with normal cardiopulmonary function.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ECMO is useful for supporting children with refractory cardiopulmonary failure, especially for treatment of AFM.
authors.affiliation: Department of PICU, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Zi-Hao
authors.initials: ZH
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of PICU, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China. ningbotao@126.com.
authors.forename: Bo-Tao
authors.initials: BT
authors.lastname: Ning
authors.affiliation: Department of PICU, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Chen-Mei
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of PICU, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Ru
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Department of PICU, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Sheng
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.affiliation: Department of PICU, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002681:China; D015331:Cohort Studies; D016638:Critical Illness / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy; D015199:Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation / Q000379:methods* / Q000401:mortality; D005260:Female; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D017052:Hospital Mortality; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D015278:Intensive Care Units, Pediatric; D008297:Male; D009205:Myocarditis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D011379:Prognosis; D012128:Respiratory Distress Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: acute fulminant myocarditis; acute respiratory distress syndrome; extracorporeal membrane oxygenation