title: Associations between allergic diseases and attention deficit hyperactivity/oppositional defiant disorders in children.
abstract: We aim to investigate the detailed associations between allergic diseases with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) among children.
  
  
  
  Clinical information from 2,896 children enrolled in the Taiwan Children Health Study was obtained for analyses. Allergic diseases, including atopic dermatitis, asthma, and allergic rhinitis, have been evaluated based on the questions adjusted from International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood. The Swanson, Nolan, and Pelham questionnaire was used to assess symptoms of ADHD and ODD. Symptoms of depression, stress, and poor sleep quality were evaluated as the interactive risk factors.
  
  
  
  Children having symptoms of allergic diseases within the past 1 y were associated with having all dimensions of symptoms of ADHD and ODD. Children with ever having a physician-diagnosed atopic dermatitis were associated with inattentive and hyperactive-impulsive symptoms of ADHD. Ever diagnosed asthma was associated with ADHD and ODD. Ever diagnosed allergic rhinitis was associated with inattentive and combined symptoms of ADHD and ODD.
  
  
  
  Children with allergic diseases, such as atopic dermatitis, asthma, and allergic rhinitis, were associated with exhibiting ADHD and ODD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, National Taiwan University Hostpital, Taipei, Taiwan.|National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yi-Tsen
authors.initials: YT
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Taipei City Hospital Zhongxing Branch, Taipei, Taiwan.|School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yang-Ching
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: National Taiwan University Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.|Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Susan Shur-Fen
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Gau
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, National Taiwan University Hostpital, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Te-Huei
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Yeh
authors.affiliation: Taipei City Hospital Zhongxing Branch, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Hsien-Yu
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.affiliation: National Taiwan University Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yu-Ya
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.affiliation: National Taiwan University Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.|Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yungling Leo
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D001249:Asthma / Q000150:complications; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000150:complications*; D019958:Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders / Q000150:complications*; D002648:Child; D002681:China; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003863:Depression / Q000150:complications; D003876:Dermatitis, Atopic / Q000150:complications; D004522:Educational Status; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006967:Hypersensitivity / Q000150:complications*; D008297:Male; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D016017:Odds Ratio; D015995:Prevalence; D012044:Regression Analysis; D065631:Rhinitis, Allergic / Q000150:complications; D012307:Risk Factors; D012890:Sleep; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000150:complications; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013624:Taiwan