title: Edward D. Goldberg's proposal of "the Mussel Watch": Reflections after 40years.
abstract: We chronicle the extensive influence over the past forty years of Professor Edward D. Goldberg and his call in 1975 for a "Mussel Watch" or bivalve sentinel organism approach to assess geographic status and temporal trends of several chemicals of environmental concern in the coastal ocean. Examples of local, regional, national and international programs are discussed briefly as are examples of interesting useful findings and limitations to the Mussel Watch concept. Mussel Watch continues to provide useful data about status and trends of chemical contamination in coastal ecosystems.
authors.affiliation: Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, USA. Electronic address: jfarrington@whoi.edu.
authors.forename: John W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Farrington
authors.affiliation: Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Bruce W
authors.initials: BW
authors.lastname: Tripp
authors.affiliation: Center for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES), Ehime University, Matsuyama, Japan.
authors.forename: Shinsuke
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tanabe
authors.affiliation: Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu State, India.
authors.forename: Annamalai
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Subramanian
authors.affiliation: Geochemical and Environmental Research Group, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.
authors.forename: José L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Sericano
authors.affiliation: Geochemical and Environmental Research Group, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Terry L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Wade
authors.affiliation: Geochemical and Environmental Research Group, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Anthony H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Knap
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D049872:Bivalvia / Q000187:drug effects*; D017753:Ecosystem; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000266:history* / Q000379:methods*; D049673:History, 20th Century; D049674:History, 21st Century; D012758:Shellfish; D014481:United States; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical
keywords: Chemical contaminants; Edward Goldberg; Mussel Watch