title: The Potyviral P3 Protein Targets Eukaryotic Elongation Factor 1A to Promote the Unfolded Protein Response and Viral Pathogenesis.
abstract: The biochemical function of the potyviral P3 protein is not known, although it is known to regulate virus replication, movement, and pathogenesis. We show that P3, the putative virulence determinant of soybean mosaic virus (SMV), targets a component of the translation elongation complex in soybean. Eukaryotic elongation factor 1A (eEF1A), a well-known host factor in viral pathogenesis, is essential for SMV virulence and the associated unfolded protein response (UPR). Silencing GmEF1A inhibits accumulation of SMV and another ER-associated virus in soybean. Conversely, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-inducing chemicals promote SMV accumulation in wild-type, but not GmEF1A-knockdown, plants. Knockdown of genes encoding the eEF1B isoform, which is important for eEF1A function in translation elongation, has similar effects on UPR and SMV resistance, suggesting a link to translation elongation. P3 and GmEF1A promote each other's nuclear localization, similar to the nuclear-cytoplasmic transport of eEF1A by the Human immunodeficiency virus 1 Nef protein. Our results suggest that P3 targets host elongation factors resulting in UPR, which in turn facilitates SMV replication and place eEF1A upstream of BiP in the ER stress response during pathogen infection.
authors.affiliation: National Center for Soybean Improvement, National Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang 1, Nanjing 210095, China (H.L., N.M., H.Z.);Department of Plant Pathology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40546 (H.L., M.B.S., P.K., A.K.); andJiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China (X.Cu., X.Ch.).
authors.forename: Hexiang
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-8401-5634
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Luan
authors.affiliation: National Center for Soybean Improvement, National Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang 1, Nanjing 210095, China (H.L., N.M., H.Z.);Department of Plant Pathology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40546 (H.L., M.B.S., P.K., A.K.); andJiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China (X.Cu., X.Ch.).
authors.forename: M B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Shine
authors.affiliation: National Center for Soybean Improvement, National Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang 1, Nanjing 210095, China (H.L., N.M., H.Z.);Department of Plant Pathology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40546 (H.L., M.B.S., P.K., A.K.); andJiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China (X.Cu., X.Ch.).
authors.forename: Xiaoyan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.affiliation: National Center for Soybean Improvement, National Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang 1, Nanjing 210095, China (H.L., N.M., H.Z.);Department of Plant Pathology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40546 (H.L., M.B.S., P.K., A.K.); andJiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China (X.Cu., X.Ch.).
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: National Center for Soybean Improvement, National Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang 1, Nanjing 210095, China (H.L., N.M., H.Z.);Department of Plant Pathology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40546 (H.L., M.B.S., P.K., A.K.); andJiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China (X.Cu., X.Ch.).
authors.forename: Na
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: National Center for Soybean Improvement, National Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang 1, Nanjing 210095, China (H.L., N.M., H.Z.);Department of Plant Pathology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40546 (H.L., M.B.S., P.K., A.K.); andJiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China (X.Cu., X.Ch.).
authors.forename: Pradeep
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kachroo
authors.affiliation: National Center for Soybean Improvement, National Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang 1, Nanjing 210095, China (H.L., N.M., H.Z.);Department of Plant Pathology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40546 (H.L., M.B.S., P.K., A.K.); andJiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China (X.Cu., X.Ch.) zhj@njau.edu.cn apkach2@uky.edu.
authors.forename: Haijan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhi
authors.affiliation: National Center for Soybean Improvement, National Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang 1, Nanjing 210095, China (H.L., N.M., H.Z.);Department of Plant Pathology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40546 (H.L., M.B.S., P.K., A.K.); andJiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China (X.Cu., X.Ch.) zhj@njau.edu.cn apkach2@uky.edu.
authors.forename: Aardra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kachroo
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D001483:Base Sequence; D059865:Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D055785:Gene Knockdown Techniques; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions; D009029:Mosaic Viruses / Q000378:metabolism / Q000472:pathogenicity; D020648:Peptide Elongation Factor 1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000235:genetics / Q000821:virology; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D017800:Potyvirus / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000472:pathogenicity; D020033:Protein Isoforms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D012689:Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid; D013025:Glycine max / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000821:virology; D056811:Unfolded Protein Response; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D014774:Virulence; D014779:Virus Replication
chemical_list: D020648:Peptide Elongation Factor 1; D010940:Plant Proteins; D020033:Protein Isoforms; D014764:Viral Proteins