title: Applications of Raman spectroscopy to skin research: ReviewArticle.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Raman spectroscopy has been used for a range of biomedical applications: the study of normal and diseased tissues, and the interaction of chemical agents with tissues, implants and even single cells. The object here was to review the extent to which the Raman spectroscopic technique has been applied to skin research, considering the implications of different instrumentation, comparing animal and human skin, healthy and diseased skin and in vivo and in vitro sampling.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Raman spectroscopy is a versatile and non-destructive technique for the study of skin.
authors.affiliation: Postgraduate Studies in Pharmaceutical Technology, The School of Pharmacy andChemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Bradford, Bradford, UK.
authors.forename: E E
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Lawson
authors.affiliation: Postgraduate Studies in Pharmaceutical Technology, The School of Pharmacy andChemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Bradford, Bradford, UK.
authors.forename: H G
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Edwards
authors.affiliation: Postgraduate Studies in Pharmaceutical Technology, The School of Pharmacy andChemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Bradford, Bradford, UK.
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.affiliation: Postgraduate Studies in Pharmaceutical Technology, The School of Pharmacy andChemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Bradford, Bradford, UK.
authors.forename: B W
authors.initials: BW
authors.lastname: Barry
keywords: Raman spectroscopy; animal; biomedical; human; in vitro; in vivo; instrumentation; skin