title: Outcome Measure of Pain in Patients with Lumbar Disc Herniation: Validation Study of the Iranian version of Pain Sensitivity Questionnaire.
abstract: METHODS
  Cross-sectional.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To translate and culturally adapt an Iranian version of the Pain Sensitivity Questionnaire (PSQ) in Iran.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Instruments measuring patient reported outcomes should satisfy certain psychometric properties.
  
  
  METHODS
  The PSQ was translated following cross-cultural adaptation guidelines. A total of 101 patients with lumbar disc herniation (LDH), and 39 healthy cases were included in the study. All participants completed the PSQ and the Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS). The internal consistency, test-retest reliability, known group comparison, criterion validity and item-scale correlations were assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean age of participants was 51.7 years. Reliability, validity and correlation of PSQ and PCS showed satisfactory results. Cronbach's alpha coefficients were 0.81 for PSQ-total, 0.82 for PSQ-minor, and 0.82 for PSQ-moderate. The intraclass correlation coefficients value was 0.84 (0.616-0.932) indicating an excellent test-retest reliability. The instrument discriminated well between sub-groups of patients who differed in a standard predictive measure of LDH surgery (the Finneson-Cooper score). Total PSQ were also significantly correlated with the total scores of the PCS, lending support to its good convergent validity. Additionally, the correlation of each item with its hypothesized domain on the PSQ indicated acceptable results, suggesting that the items had a substantial relationship with their own domains.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The adapted Iranian PSQ is a valid and reliable questionnaire for the assessment of pain in patients with LDH.
authors.affiliation: Functional Neurosurgery Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Parisa
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Azimi
authors.affiliation: Functional Neurosurgery Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Shirzad
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Azhari
authors.affiliation: Functional Neurosurgery Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Sohrab
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shahzadi
authors.affiliation: Functional Neurosurgery Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Hossain
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nayeb Aghaei
authors.affiliation: Functional Neurosurgery Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Hassan Reza
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Mohammadi
authors.affiliation: Mental Health Research Group, Health Metrics Research Centre, Iranian Institute for Health Sciences Research, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Montazeri
keywords: Iran; Lumbar disc herniation; Pain Sensitivity Questionnaire; Validity