title: GC-TOF/MS-based metabolomics approach to study the cellular immunotoxicity of deoxynivalenol on murine macrophage ANA-1 cells.
abstract: Gas chromatography-time of fly/mass spectrum (GC-TOF/MS) based complete murine macrophage ANA-1 cell metabolome strategy, including the endo-metabolome and the exo-metabolome, ANA-1 cell viability assays and apoptosis induced by diverse concentrations of DON were evaluated for selection of an optimized dose for in-depth metabolomic research. Using the optimized chromatography and mass spectrometry parameters, the metabolites detected by GC-TOF/MS were identified and processed with multivariate statistical analysis, including principal componentanalysis (PCA) and orthogonal projection to latent structures-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) analysis. The data sets were screened with a t-test (P) value < 0.05, VIP value > 1, similarity value > 500, leaving 16 exo-metabolite variables and 11 endo-metabolite variables for further pathway analysis. Implementing the integration of key metabolic pathways, the metabolism pathways were categorized into two dominating types, metabolism of amino acid and glycometabolism. Glycine, serine and threonine metabolism, phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis and phenylalanine metabolism were the significant amino acids affected by the metabolic pathways, indicating statistically significant fold changes including pyruvate, serine, glycine, lactate and threonine. Glycolysis or gluconeogenesis, starch and sucrose metabolism, and galactose metabolism, belonging to glycometabolism, were the pathways that were found to be primarily affected, resulting in abnormal metabolites such as glucose-1P, Glucose, gluconic acid, myo-inositol, sorbitol and glycerol.
authors.affiliation: School of Food Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; School of Food Science Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China. Electronic address: jijianjndx@126.com.
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ji
authors.affiliation: School of Food Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; School of Food Science Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
authors.forename: Jiadi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: School of Food Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; School of Food Science Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
authors.forename: Fuwei
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pi
authors.affiliation: School of Food Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
authors.forename: Shuang
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: School of Food Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; School of Food Science Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
authors.forename: Chao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: School of Food Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; School of Food Science Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
authors.forename: Xiumei
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: School of Food Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
authors.forename: Yinzhi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: School of Food Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; School of Food Science Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China. Electronic address: sxlzzz@jiangnan.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Xiulan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Sun
mesh_terms: D000596:Amino Acids / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects*; D016002:Discriminant Analysis; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods; D005943:Gluconeogenesis / Q000187:drug effects; D006019:Glycolysis / Q000187:drug effects; D008264:Macrophages / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D053858:Metabolic Networks and Pathways / Q000187:drug effects*; D055442:Metabolome / Q000187:drug effects; D055432:Metabolomics / Q000379:methods*; D051379:Mice; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009183:Mycotoxins / Q000633:toxicity*; D014255:Trichothecenes / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D009183:Mycotoxins; D014255:Trichothecenes; C007262:deoxynivalenol
keywords: Cellular immunotoxicity; Deoxynivalenol; GC-TOF/MS; Metabolomic