title: IL-35 expression in hepatocellular carcinoma cells is associated with tumor progression.
abstract: IL-35 has recently been demonstrated to play significant roles in the progression of various malignant tumors. We investigated the expression of IL-35 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and the regulatory mechanisms in HCC progression. Tissue microarray from 75 HCC patients revealed that IL-35 was primarily localized in the cytoplasm of cancer cells and peri-tumoral hepatocytes. Quantitative analysis showed that IL-35 expression was significantly lower in patients in the advanced stages than in the early stages. Significantly lower expression of IL-35 was also observed in HCC patients with higher histological grades, larger tumor size, positive microvascular invasion and lymph node/distant metastasis. IL-35 over-expression in HepG2 cells significantly upregulated HLA-ABC and CD95, reduced activities of MMP-2 and MMP-9, and decreased cell migration, invasion and colony formation capacities. Our data indicated that decreased expression of IL-35 in tumor tissues might contribute to the progression of HCC, and IL-35 may serve as a new therapeutic target for HCC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Long
authors.affiliation: Clinical Laboratory of Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Hongyan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: Oncology and Hepatobiliary Minimally Invasive Interventional Center, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Shichang
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell Biology, Municipal Laboratory for Liver Protection and Regulation of Regeneration, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Haiyan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Xinmin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Danning
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Zimeng
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Linfeng
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Xi
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Wenyi
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Kou
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Jiangnan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Department of Stem Cell Biology, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan.
authors.forename: Tao-Sheng
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Yaozhong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ding
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis*; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D056945:Hep G2 Cells; D006801:Humans; D007378:Interleukins / Q000032:analysis / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D007378:Interleukins; C532417:interleukin-35, human
keywords: IL-35; hepatocellular carcinoma; invasion; migration; tumor progression