title: Mechanochemically Activated Oxidative Coupling of Indoles with Acrylates through C-H Activation: Synthesis of 3-Vinylindoles and β,β-Diindolyl Propionates and Study of the Mechanism.
abstract: Construction of 3-vinylindoles (3) and β,β-diindolyl propionates (4) through solvent-free C-H functionalization has been explored under high-speed ball-milling conditions. The reaction selectivity is influenced by the catalyst dramatically: Pd(OAc)2 provides 3 in moderate to good yields, whereas PdX2 (X = Cl, I) affords 4 as the major products. The reaction mechanism has been further studied by using electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, implicating the dimeric palladium complex A as the key intermediate in an explanation of the selectivity.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory for Green Pharmaceutical Technologies and Related Equipment of Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology , Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Kan-Yan
authors.initials: KY
authors.lastname: Jia
authors.affiliation: National Engineering Research Center for Process Development of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients, Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology , Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Jing-Bo
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: National Engineering Research Center for Process Development of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients, Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology , Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Zhi-Jiang
authors.initials: ZJ
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: National Engineering Research Center for Process Development of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients, Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology , Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Wei-Ke
authors.initials: WK
authors.lastname: Su