title: Whole genome sequences of Japanese porcine species C rotaviruses reveal a high diversity of genotypes of individual genes and will contribute to a comprehensive, generally accepted classification system.
abstract: Porcine rotavirus C (RVC) is distributed throughout the world and is thought to be a pathogenic agent of diarrhea in piglets. Although, the VP7, VP4, and VP6 gene sequences of Japanese porcine RVCs are currently available, there is no whole-genome sequence data of Japanese RVC. Furthermore, only one to three sequences are available for porcine RVC VP1-VP3 and NSP1-NSP3 genes. Therefore, we determined nearly full-length whole-genome sequences of nine Japanese porcine RVCs from seven piglets with diarrhea and two healthy pigs and compared them with published RVC sequences from a database. The VP7 genes of two Japanese RVCs from healthy pigs were highly divergent from other known RVC strains and were provisionally classified as G12 and G13 based on the 86% nucleotide identity cut-off value. Pairwise sequence identity calculations and phylogenetic analyses revealed that candidate novel genotypes of porcine Japanese RVC were identified in the NSP1, NSP2 and NSP3 encoding genes, respectively. Furthermore, VP3 of Japanese porcine RVCs was shown to be closely related to human RVCs, suggesting a gene reassortment event between porcine and human RVCs and past interspecies transmission. The present study demonstrated that porcine RVCs show greater genetic diversity among strains than human and bovine RVCs.
authors.affiliation: Tochigi Prefectural South District Animal Hygiene Service Center, Tochigi, Tochigi 328-0002, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazutaka
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Niira
authors.affiliation: Ishikawa Nanbu Livestock Hygiene Service Center, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-3101, Japan.
authors.forename: Mika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.affiliation: Kurayoshi Livestock Hygiene Service Center, Kurayoshi, Tottori 682-0017, Japan.
authors.forename: Tsuneyuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Masuda
authors.affiliation: Tochigi Prefectural Central District Animal Hygiene Service Center, Utsunomiya, Tochigi 321-0905, Japan.
authors.forename: Toshiya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Saitou
authors.affiliation: Tochigi Prefectural Central District Animal Hygiene Service Center, Utsunomiya, Tochigi 321-0905, Japan.
authors.forename: Tadatsugu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Abe
authors.affiliation: Department of Virology and Parasitology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192, Japan.
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Komoto
authors.affiliation: Tochigi Prefectural Central District Animal Hygiene Service Center, Utsunomiya, Tochigi 321-0905, Japan.
authors.forename: Mitsuo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.affiliation: Kurayoshi Livestock Hygiene Service Center, Kurayoshi, Tottori 682-0017, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yamasato
authors.affiliation: Research and Education Center for Prevention of Global Infectious Disease of Animal, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan.
authors.forename: Mai
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kishimoto
authors.affiliation: Research and Education Center for Prevention of Global Infectious Disease of Animal, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Naoi
authors.affiliation: Research and Education Center for Prevention of Global Infectious Disease of Animal, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan.
authors.forename: Kaori
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sano
authors.affiliation: Research and Education Center for Prevention of Global Infectious Disease of Animal, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan.
authors.forename: Shinobu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tuchiaka
authors.affiliation: Research and Education Center for Prevention of Global Infectious Disease of Animal, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan.
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Okada
authors.affiliation: Research and Education Center for Prevention of Global Infectious Disease of Animal, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan.
authors.forename: Tsutomu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Omatsu
authors.affiliation: Research and Education Center for Prevention of Global Infectious Disease of Animal, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan; Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan.
authors.forename: Tetsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Furuya
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Veterinary Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Musashino, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Aoki
authors.affiliation: Research and Education Center for Prevention of Global Infectious Disease of Animal, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan.
authors.forename: Yukie
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Katayama
authors.affiliation: Research and Education Center for Prevention of Global Infectious Disease of Animal, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan.
authors.forename: Mami
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Oba
authors.affiliation: Research and Education Center for Prevention of Global Infectious Disease of Animal, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan; Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan.
authors.forename: Junsuke
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shirai
authors.affiliation: Department of Virology and Parasitology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192, Japan.
authors.forename: Koki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Taniguchi
authors.affiliation: Research and Education Center for Prevention of Global Infectious Disease of Animal, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan.
authors.forename: Tetsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mizutani
authors.affiliation: Research and Education Center for Prevention of Global Infectious Disease of Animal, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan; Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan. Electronic address: m-nagai@cc.tuat.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nagai
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000956:Antigens, Viral / Q000235:genetics; D036022:Capsid Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D003967:Diarrhea / Q000662:veterinary / Q000821:virology; D005243:Feces / Q000821:virology; D014644:Genetic Variation; D016679:Genome, Viral; D005838:Genotype; D059014:High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing; D007564:Japan; D010802:Phylogeny; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D012401:Rotavirus / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000472:pathogenicity; D012400:Rotavirus Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000662:veterinary* / Q000821:virology; D013552:Swine; D013553:Swine Diseases / Q000821:virology*; D017361:Viral Nonstructural Proteins / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D000956:Antigens, Viral; D036022:Capsid Proteins; C082740:NSP3 protein, Rotavirus; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins; C442546:VP3 protein, Rotavirus; C050779:VP7 protein, Rotavirus; D017361:Viral Nonstructural Proteins; C104282:nsp1 protein, Rotavirus; C079234:NS35 protein, rotavirus
keywords: Candidate novel genotypes; Interspecies transmission; Japan; Porcine rotavirus C; Whole genome analyses