title: Transcriptional Regulation and Macrophage Differentiation.
abstract: Monocytes and macrophages are professional phagocytes that occupy specific niches in every tissue of the body. Their survival, proliferation, and differentiation are controlled by signals from the macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor (CSF-1R) and its two ligands, CSF-1 and interleukin-34. In this review, we address the developmental and transcriptional relationships between hematopoietic progenitor cells, blood monocytes, and tissue macrophages as well as the distinctions from dendritic cells. A huge repertoire of receptors allows monocytes, tissue-resident macrophages, or pathology-associated macrophages to adapt to specific microenvironments. These processes create a broad spectrum of macrophages with different functions and individual effector capacities. The production of large transcriptomic data sets in mouse, human, and other species provides new insights into the mechanisms that underlie macrophage functional plasticity.
authors.affiliation: University of Edinburgh, The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, Midlothian EH25 9RG, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Hume
authors.affiliation: University of Edinburgh, The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, Midlothian EH25 9RG, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Kim M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Summers
authors.affiliation: University Hospital Regensburg, Department of Internal Medicine III, D-93047 Regensburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rehli
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006412:Hematopoietic Stem Cells / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007378:Interleukins / Q000378:metabolism; D016173:Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000378:metabolism; D008264:Macrophages / Q000502:physiology*; D051379:Mice; D009000:Monocytes / Q000502:physiology*; D016186:Receptor, Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction; D014158:Transcription, Genetic
chemical_list: D007378:Interleukins; D016173:Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor; D016186:Receptor, Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor