title: Minimal residual disease in canine lymphoma: An objective marker to assess tumour cell burden in remission.
abstract: Lymphoma is the most common haematopoietic malignancy in dogs. Since a high proportion of dogs with lymphoma achieve remission soon after initiation of chemotherapy, an objective marker assessing treatment efficacy is required. Following clinical remission, the residual population of tumour cells can be referred to as the minimal residual disease (MRD). MRD traditionally has been detected by cytology and flow cytometry; however, if the burden of malignant cells is low, these methods might not be sufficiently sensitive to detect MRD. As an extension of the development of PCR for antigen receptor gene rearrangements (PARR) in dogs, there has been recent progress in the application of real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) to canine lymphoma. With the RT-qPCR system, a very high sensitivity (1 cell per 10,000 cells) has been achieved by preparing allele-specific oligonucleotide primers and probes designed from neoplastic clones of each dog. A series of MRD diagnostics studies employing the RT-qPCR system has revealed its usefulness as a prognostic indicator, an objective marker of treatment efficacy and a predictor of relapse for dogs with lymphoma receiving chemotherapy. Introduction of the MRD monitoring system will provide an innovative scientific tool in the development of superior treatments and monitoring strategies for canine lymphoma.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
authors.forename: Masahiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan.
authors.forename: Jumpei
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yamazaki
authors.affiliation: Veterinary Medical Centre, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Goto-Koshino
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Small Animal Internal Medicine, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan.
authors.forename: Asuka
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Setoguchi
authors.affiliation: Veterinary Medical Centre, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan.
authors.forename: Masashi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Medicine, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan.
authors.forename: Kenji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Baba
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan.
authors.forename: Yasuhito
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fujino
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan.
authors.forename: Koichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ohno
authors.affiliation: Veterinary Medical Centre, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan; Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan. Electronic address: atsuji@mail.ecc.u-tokyo.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Hajime
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tsujimoto
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D004285:Dogs; D008223:Lymphoma / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy / Q000662:veterinary*; D018365:Neoplasm, Residual / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy / Q000662:veterinary*; D011379:Prognosis; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: Canine; Chemotherapy; Lymphoma; Minimal residual disease; Real-time quantitative PCR