title: Effect of mechanical activation on structure changes and reactivity in further chemical modification of lignin.
abstract: Lignin was treated by mechanical activation (MA) in a customized stirring ball mill, and the structure and reactivity in further esterification were studied. The chemical structure and morphology of MA-treated lignin and the esterified products were analyzed by chemical analysis combined with UV/vis spectrometer, FTIR,NMR, SEM and particle size analyzer. The results showed that MA contributed to the increase of aliphatic hydroxyl, phenolic hydroxyl, carbonyl and carboxyl groups but the decrease of methoxyl groups. Moreover, MA led to the decrease of particle size and the increase of specific surface area and roughness of surface in lignin. The reactivity of lignin was enhanced significantly for the increase of hydroxyl content and the improvement of mass transfer in chemical reaction caused by the changes of molecular structure and morphological structure. The process of MA is green and simple, and is an effective method for enhancing the reactivity of lignin.
authors.affiliation: School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; College of Chemistry and Biology Engineering, Hezhou University, Hezhou 542899, China.
authors.forename: Xiaohong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; State Key Laboratory of Non-Food Biomass and Enzyme Technology, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning 530007, China. Electronic address: xianquan919@163.com.
authors.forename: Yanjuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China.
authors.forename: Huayu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; State Key Laboratory of Non-Food Biomass and Enzyme Technology, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning 530007, China. Electronic address: huangzq@gxu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Zuqiang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; State Key Laboratory of Non-Food Biomass and Enzyme Technology, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning 530007, China.
authors.forename: Mei
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Non-Food Biomass and Enzyme Technology, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning 530007, China.
authors.forename: Dong
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Non-Food Biomass and Enzyme Technology, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning 530007, China.
authors.forename: Kai
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China.
authors.forename: Aimin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China.
authors.forename: Xingzhen
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Qin
authors.affiliation: School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China.
authors.forename: Zhenfei
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Feng
mesh_terms: D004951:Esterification; D008031:Lignin / Q000737:chemistry*; D055595:Mechanical Phenomena; D008970:Molecular Weight
chemical_list: D008031:Lignin
keywords: Lignin; Mechanical activation; Reactivity