title: Association between omentin-1 expression in human epicardial adipose tissue and coronary atherosclerosis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Omentin-1, a novel adipocytokine mainly expressed in visceral adipose tissue, has been found to inhibit the inflammatory response and improve insulin resistance as well as other obesity-related disorders. This study investigated the association between omentin-1 expression in human epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) and coronary atherosclerosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Serum samples, and paired biopsies from EAT and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), were obtained from patients with and without coronary artery disease (CAD, n = 28 and NCAD, n = 12, respectively) during elective cardiac surgery. Coronary angiography was performed to identify CAD presence. Serum omentin-1 and adiponectin levels were measured by ELISA. mRNA expression of omentin-1 and adiponectin was detected in adipose tissue by quantitative real-time PCR, and omentin-1 protein expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Correlation and multivariate linear regression analyses were performed to determine the association between omentin-1 expression and clinical risk factors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  mRNA and protein expression of omentin-1 were higher in EAT than paired SAT in patients with CAD and NCAD. Compared with NCAD patients, CAD patients had lower omentin-1 and adiponectin mRNA levels in EAT and serum levels as well as lower omentin-1 protein levels. Among patients with CAD, omentin-1 expression was lower in EAT surrounding coronary segments with stenosis than those without stenosis, in terms of mRNA and protein, whereas adiponectin mRNA level in EAT did not seem to differ between stenotic and non-stenotic coronary segments in CAD patients. In multivariate linear regression analysis, CAD was an independent predictor of EAT omentin-1 mRNA expression (beta = -0.57, 95 % CI -0.89 to -0.24; P = 0.001) and serum omentin-1 levels (beta = -0.35, 95 % CI -0.67 to -0.03; P = 0.036).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Circulating and EAT-derived omentin-1 levels were reduced in patients with CAD. Omentin-1 expression in patients with CAD was lower in EAT adjacent to coronary stenotic segments than non-stenotic segments.
authors.affiliation: Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, 100029, China.
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Du
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100029, China.
authors.forename: Qingwei
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Ji
authors.affiliation: Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, 100029, China.
authors.forename: Lun
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiac Surgery Center, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100029, China.
authors.forename: Fangjiong
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiac Surgery Center, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100029, China.
authors.forename: Yongqiang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lai
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiac Surgery Center, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100029, China.
authors.forename: Yue
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiac Surgery Center, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100029, China.
authors.forename: Jianbo
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiac Surgery Center, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100029, China.
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiac Surgery Center, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100029, China.
authors.forename: Enjun
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiac Surgery Center, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100029, China.
authors.forename: Jinwei
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, 100029, China.|Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100029, China.
authors.forename: Yujie
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100029, China. zjwang1975@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Zhijian
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, 100029, China. zyingxinmi@163.com.|Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100029, China. zyingxinmi@163.com.
authors.forename: Yingxin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhao
mesh_terms: D054392:Adipokines / Q000378:metabolism; D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000378:metabolism*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000378:metabolism*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D058851:GPI-Linked Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D050152:Intra-Abdominal Fat / Q000378:metabolism; D037102:Lectins / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000378:metabolism; D010496:Pericardium / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D054392:Adipokines; D016207:Cytokines; D058851:GPI-Linked Proteins; C432397:ITLN1 protein, human; D037102:Lectins
keywords: Atherosclerosis; Coronary artery disease; Epicardial adipose tissue; Omentin-1