title: The Optimum Level of Sevoflurane in Pediatric Echocardiography.
abstract: Sevoflurane is shown to be safe and effective in pediatric echocardiography. This study explores the optimum level in pediatric echocardiography. One hundred and twenty children, with an age range of 35 days-3 years, were included in this study. The children with severe cyanotic congenital heart disease or severe pneumonia, which was Grade I or II according to the American College of Physicians Guideline Grading, were excluded. All children received the anesthesia with sevoflurane. The inhalation anesthesia level decreased from 2.5 to 1.0 %, with a decrement of 0.5 %. The induction time (T0), echocardiography time (T1), and time to awakening (T2) in each child were recorded, and the changes in the blood pressure, heart rate, breath, and oxygen saturation in each child were also monitored. The Ramsay scale scoring during anesthesia and the case number of failure in echocardiography in each group were also recorded. When the level of sevoflurane inhalation was maintained at 1.0 %, the childrens' scores were low, including 8 incompliant children, and p < 0.05 in comparison with other groups. The scores increased as the sevoflurane inhalation level increased. When the sevoflurane inhalation increased to 1.5 %, the children could sleep with stable blood pressure, and no dysphoria occurred during the echocardiography. When the sevoflurane inhalation level increased to 2.5 %, the Ramsay scores did not increase. However, the T2 significantly increased (p < 0.05). The blood pressure and heart rate in each group did not change significantly. With the premise of safety and efficacy in children, the optimum level of sevoflurane in pediatric echocardiography was 1.5-2.0 %.
authors.affiliation: Xuzhou Children's Hospital, Xuzhou, 221006, China.
authors.forename: Fan
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Conghai
authors.affiliation: Xuzhou Children's Hospital, Xuzhou, 221006, China. xzsetyymzk@163.com.
authors.forename: Zhang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Fengchao
authors.affiliation: Xuzhou Children's Hospital, Xuzhou, 221006, China.
authors.forename: Shan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chengjing
authors.affiliation: Xuzhou Children's Hospital, Xuzhou, 221006, China.
authors.forename: Wen
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: Xuzhou Children's Hospital, Xuzhou, 221006, China.
authors.forename: Wang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Yunji
authors.affiliation: Xuzhou Children's Hospital, Xuzhou, 221006, China.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Xiaobo
mesh_terms: D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004452:Echocardiography; D005260:Female; D006331:Heart Diseases / Q000151:congenital / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008738:Methyl Ethers / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D011014:Pneumonia / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D000077149:Sevoflurane
chemical_list: D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation; D008738:Methyl Ethers; D000077149:Sevoflurane
keywords: Anesthesia; Echocardiography; Level; Sedation; Sevoflurane