title: Burnout among surgical residents in a lower-middle income country - Are we any different?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the presence of burnout among surgical residents working at various public sector hospitals in Pakistan.
  
  
  METHODS
  A survey based on MBI was used to assess the presence of burnout. Residents were grouped into Group A (Burn out) or Group B (No burn out). Pearson Test was used to see any correlation between different variables and burn out. A p value of <0.05 was taken as significant.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross sectional survey of all the surgical residents at various public sector hospitals in Lahore was done.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 133 residents responded to our questionnaire. 74% respondents were male and 26% were female. All residents showed a very high level of burnout. 50.4% residents had high levels of burn out on the EE category, 49.6% in the DP category and 53.4% residents had low levels on the PA scale. When assessed for overall burn out 57.9% residents had overall burnout. Males were more prone to develop burnout. Job dissatisfaction was the most prevalent reason for burn out. Owning a smartphone was significantly associated with development of burnout. Awareness regarding the burnout syndrome and having children were two factors which had a protective effect against burnout syndrome. Marriage, working hours, financial conditions, smoking and consumption of coffee/tea had no effect on development of burnout syndrome.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is high prevalence of burnout among the surgical residents in our hospitals. Unsatisfactory training is the number one reason for development of this syndrome.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Services Hospital, Jail Road, Lahore, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Awais Amjad
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Malik
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Services Hospital, Jail Road, Lahore, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Samiullah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bhatti
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Services Hospital, Jail Road, Lahore, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Abubakar
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shafiq
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Services Hospital, Jail Road, Lahore, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Romaisa Shamim
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Services Hospital, Jail Road, Lahore, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Usman Ismat
authors.initials: UI
authors.lastname: Butt
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Services Hospital, Jail Road, Lahore, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Syed Muhammad
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Bilal
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Services Hospital, Jail Road, Lahore, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Huma Sabir
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Services Hospital, Jail Road, Lahore, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Muhammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kashif Malik
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Services Hospital, Jail Road, Lahore, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Mahmood
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ayyaz
keywords: Burnout; Lower middle income; MBI; Mobile phone; Pakistan; Stress; Surgical residency; Training; Work hours