title: Normal Echocardiographic Measurements in a Korean Population Study: Part II. Doppler and Tissue Doppler Imaging.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hemodynamic and functional evaluation with Doppler and tissue Doppler study as a part of comprehensive echocardiography is essential but normal reference values have never been reported from Korean normal population especially according to age and sex.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using Normal echOcaRdiographic Measurements in a KoreAn popuLation study subjects, we obtained normal reference values for Doppler and tissue Doppler echocardiography including tricuspid annular velocities according to current guidelines and compared values according to gender and age groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mitral early diastolic (E) and late diastolic (A) velocity as well as E/A ratio were significantly higher in women compared to those in men. Conversely, mitral peak systolic and late diastolic annular velocity in both septal and lateral mitral annulus were significantly lower in women compared to those in men. However, there were no significant differences in both septal and lateral mitral early diastolic annular (e') velocity between men and women. In both men and women, mitral E velocity and its deceleration time as well as both E/A and E/e' ratio considerably increased with age. There were no significant differences in tricuspid inflow velocities and tricuspid lateral annular velocities between men and women except e' velocity, which was significantly higher in women compared to that in men. However, changes in both tricuspid inflow and lateral annular velocities according to age were similar to those in mitral velocities.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Since there were significant differences in Doppler and tissue Doppler echocardiographic variables between men and women and changes according to age were even more considerable in both gender groups, normal Doppler echocardiographic values should be differentially applied based on age and sex.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Heart Vascular Stroke Center, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Jin-Oh
authors.initials: JO
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Gil Hospital, Gachon University of Medicine and Science, Incheon, Korea.
authors.forename: Mi-Seung
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Incheon, Korea.
authors.forename: Mi-Jeong
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Hae Ok
authors.initials: HO
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Korea.
authors.forename: Jeong Rang
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Il Suk
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Sohn
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Daegu, Korea.
authors.forename: Hyungseop
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Seong-Mi
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Wonkwang University Hospital, Institute of Wonkwang Medical Science, Iksan, Korea.
authors.forename: Nam Jin
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Yoo
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea.
authors.forename: Jung Hyun
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Hyung-Kwan
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University and Cardiovascular Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea.
authors.forename: Goo-Yeong
authors.initials: GY
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Changwon, Korea.
authors.forename: Mi-Rae
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea.
authors.forename: Jin-Sun
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Chi Young
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Shim
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Dae-Hee
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Gangneung Asan Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Gangneung, Korea.
authors.forename: Dae-Hee
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Gil Ja
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea.
authors.forename: Sung Hee
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea.
authors.forename: Kye Hun
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea.
authors.forename: Jae-Hyeong
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungbuk National University School of Medicine, Cheongju, Korea.
authors.forename: Sang Yeub
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Woo-Shik
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Heart Vascular Stroke Center, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Seung Woo
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Park
keywords: Doppler; Normal population; Reference value; Tissue Doppler; Transthoracic echocardiography