title: Postabsorptive hyperglucagonemia in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus analyzed with a novel enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aims of the present study were to investigate the performance of a novel sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for measuring glucagon (1-29) with monoclonal antibodies against both the C- and N-terminal regions of glucagon (1-29), and to analyze the differences in plasma levels and responses of glucagon (1-29) to oral glucose loading in normal glucose tolerance (NGT) subjects and patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
  
  
  METHODS
  The cross-reactivity against proglucagon fragments using the ELISA kit and two types of conventional radioimmunoassay (RIA) kits was evaluated. A 75-g oral glucose tolerance test was carried out with NGT subjects and patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, and the glucagon (1-29) concentration was measured using three types of kit.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The ELISA kit clearly had the lowest cross-reactivity against miniglucagon (19-29) and glicentin (1-61). The oral glucose tolerance test was carried out with 30 NGT and 17 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The glucagon (1-29) levels measured by the ELISA kit after glucose loading were significantly higher at all time-points in the type 2 diabetes mellitus group than in the NGT group. However, the glucagon (1-29) levels measured by one RIA kit were significantly higher in the NGT group, and those measured with the other RIA kit were approximately the same among the groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The novel sandwich ELISA accurately determines plasma glucagon (1-29) concentrations with much less cross-reactivity against other proglucagon fragments than conventional RIA kits.
authors.affiliation: Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism Department of Internal Medicine Hyogo College of Medicine Nishinomiya Hyogo Japan.
authors.forename: Toshihiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Matsuo
authors.affiliation: Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism Department of Internal Medicine Hyogo College of Medicine Nishinomiya Hyogo Japan.
authors.forename: Jun-Ichiro
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Miyagawa
authors.affiliation: Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism Department of Internal Medicine Hyogo College of Medicine Nishinomiya Hyogo Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshiki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kusunoki
authors.affiliation: Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism Department of Internal Medicine Hyogo College of Medicine Nishinomiya Hyogo Japan.
authors.forename: Masayuki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Miuchi
authors.affiliation: Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism Department of Internal Medicine Hyogo College of Medicine Nishinomiya Hyogo Japan.
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ikawa
authors.affiliation: Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism Department of Internal Medicine Hyogo College of Medicine Nishinomiya Hyogo Japan.
authors.forename: Takafumi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Akagami
authors.affiliation: Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism Department of Internal Medicine Hyogo College of Medicine Nishinomiya Hyogo Japan.
authors.forename: Masaru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tokuda
authors.affiliation: Division of Innovative Diabetes Treatment Hyogo College of Medicine Nishinomiya Hyogo Japan.
authors.forename: Tomoyuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Katsuno
authors.affiliation: Cosmic Corporation Tokyo Japan.
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kushida
authors.affiliation: Cosmic Corporation Tokyo Japan.
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Inagaki
authors.affiliation: Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism Department of Internal Medicine Hyogo College of Medicine Nishinomiya Hyogo Japan.
authors.forename: Mitsuyoshi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Namba
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000008:administration & dosage; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005934:Glucagon / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood* / Q000276:immunology; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D052336:Proglucagon / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood* / Q000276:immunology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D052336:Proglucagon; D005934:Glucagon
keywords: Glucagon (1–29); Glucagon‐like peptides; Type 2 diabetes mellitus