title: Synaptic degeneration and neurogranin in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease.
abstract: Synaptic dysfunction and degeneration are early fundamental pathophysiological characteristics of Alzheimer's disease (AD). In addition, synaptic depletion closely correlates with clinical disease severity. Biomarkers that may track synaptic dysfunction in AD are eagerly awaited. Areas covered: Here, we reviewed the significance of the post-synaptic protein neurogranin - particularly enriched in dendritic spines - as a biomarker of early synaptic dysfunction in AD. We also examined its role as a marker to predict disease progression. Expert commentary: Current evidence indicates that neurogranin may serve as a mechanism-of-action biomarker aiding the in vivo investigation of AD-related pathophysiological pathways. Its use may support the development of targeted therapeutic interventions tailored to the individual patient, i.e. 'molecularly' targeted therapies, according to the evolving precision medicine paradigm.
authors.affiliation: a AXA Research Fund & UPMC Chair , Paris , France.|b IHU-A-ICM - Paris Institute of Translational Neurosciences , Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital , Paris , France.
authors.forename: Simone
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lista
authors.affiliation: a AXA Research Fund & UPMC Chair , Paris , France.|c Department of Neurology, Sorbonne Universities, Institute of Memory and Alzheimer's Disease (IM2A) & Brain and Spine Institute (ICM) UMR S 1127, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital , Pierre and Marie Curie University , Paris 06, Paris , France.
authors.forename: Harald
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hampel
mesh_terms: D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides / Q000378:metabolism; D015415:Biomarkers; D018450:Disease Progression; D006801:Humans; D051579:Neurogranin
chemical_list: D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides; D015415:Biomarkers; D051579:Neurogranin
keywords: Alzheimer’s disease; amyloid beta; biomarker; cerebrospinal fluid; early diagnosis; neurogranin; pathophysiology; precision medicine; synaptic dysfunction; tau protein