title: Mitochondrial biogenesis is decreased in skeletal muscle of pig fetuses exposed to maternal high-energy diets.
abstract: Mitochondria plays an important role in the regulation of energy homeostasis. Moreover, mitochondrial biogenesis accompanies skeletal myogenesis, and we previously reported that maternal high-energy diet repressed skeletal myogenesis in pig fetuses. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of moderately increased maternal energy intake on skeletal muscle mitochondrial biogenesis and function of the pig fetuses. Primiparous purebred Large White sows were allocated to a normal energy intake group (NE) as recommended by the National Research Council (NRC) and a high energy intake group (HE, 110% of NRC recommendations). On day 90 of gestation, fetal umbilical vein blood and longissimus (LM) muscle were collected. Results showed that the weight gain of sows fed HE diet was higher than NE sows on day 90 of gestation (P<0.05). Maternal HE diet increased fetal umbilical vein serum triglyceride and insulin concentrations (P<0.05), and tended to increase the homeostasis model assessment index (P=0.08). Furthermore, HE fetuses exhibited increased malondialdehyde concentration (P<0.05), and decreased activities of antioxidative enzymes (P<0.05) and intracellular NAD+ level (P<0.05) in LM muscle. These alterations in metabolic traits of HE fetuses were accompanied by reduced mitochondrial DNA amount (P<0.05) and down-regulated messenger RNA expression levels of genes responsible for mitochondrial biogenesis and function (P<0.05). Our results suggest that moderately increased energy supply during gestation decreases mitochondrial biogenesis, function and antioxidative capacity in skeletal muscle of pig fetuses.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of the Ministry of Education of China,Animal Nutrition Institute,Sichuan Agricultural University,Cheng du,Sichuan 611130,China.
authors.forename: T D
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Zou
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of the Ministry of Education of China,Animal Nutrition Institute,Sichuan Agricultural University,Cheng du,Sichuan 611130,China.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of the Ministry of Education of China,Animal Nutrition Institute,Sichuan Agricultural University,Cheng du,Sichuan 611130,China.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of the Ministry of Education of China,Animal Nutrition Institute,Sichuan Agricultural University,Cheng du,Sichuan 611130,China.
authors.forename: X B
authors.initials: XB
authors.lastname: Mao
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of the Ministry of Education of China,Animal Nutrition Institute,Sichuan Agricultural University,Cheng du,Sichuan 611130,China.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of the Ministry of Education of China,Animal Nutrition Institute,Sichuan Agricultural University,Cheng du,Sichuan 611130,China.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of the Ministry of Education of China,Animal Nutrition Institute,Sichuan Agricultural University,Cheng du,Sichuan 611130,China.
authors.forename: Z Q
authors.initials: ZQ
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of the Ministry of Education of China,Animal Nutrition Institute,Sichuan Agricultural University,Cheng du,Sichuan 611130,China.
authors.forename: D T
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of the Ministry of Education of China,Animal Nutrition Institute,Sichuan Agricultural University,Cheng du,Sichuan 611130,China.
authors.forename: D W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed / Q000032:analysis*; D000824:Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D000818:Animals; D004032:Diet / Q000662:veterinary*; D002149:Energy Intake; D005260:Female; D007328:Insulin / Q000378:metabolism; D039382:Maternal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D024510:Muscle Development / Q000187:drug effects*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000378:metabolism; D001678:Organelle Biogenesis; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D013552:Swine / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism; D015430:Weight Gain
chemical_list: D007328:Insulin; D012333:RNA, Messenger
keywords: energy intake; fetus; gestation; mitochondrial biogenesis; skeletal muscle