title: Do Black NonHispanic Men Produce Less Prostate Specific Antigen in Benign Prostate Tissue or Cancer Compared to White NonHispanic Men with Gleason Score 6 (Grade Group 1) Prostate Cancer?
abstract: We evaluated prostate specific antigen production by benign prostate tissue and Gleason score 3+3=6 (Grade Group 1) prostate cancer in black and white nonHispanic men.
  
  
  
  We used Gleason score 3+3=6 (Grade Group 1) cases to assess prostate specific antigen production by benign prostate tissue in cases with low volume cancer that did not influence prostate specific antigen and in those with high volume cancer in which gland weight did not influence prostate specific antigen. We then created age, prostate specific antigen and prostate weight adjusted cohorts to demonstrate tumor volume per 1 ng/ml prostate specific antigen and 1 μg prostate specific antigen mass. Prostate specific antigen density and prostate specific antigen mass density were used to adjust for prostate weight.
  
  
  
  Comparison of 58 black and 301 white men with low volume cancer demonstrated equal prostate specific antigen production by benign prostate tissue. Comparison of 30 black and 75 white men with high volume cancer indicated that prostate specific antigen was being driven by cancer volume, with lower prostate specific antigen production in black men. In the cohort of 54 black and 134 white men matched by age, prostate specific antigen and prostate weight, tumor volume per 1 ng/ml prostate specific antigen or 1 μg prostate specific antigen mass adjusted for prostate weight was 25% and 26% higher in black men, respectively.
  
  
  
  Benign prostate tissue produces equal amounts of prostate specific antigen in black and white men. Gleason score 3+3=6 (Grade Group 1) prostate cancer produces less prostate specific antigen in black men. These data should be considered for lowering prostate specific antigen and its derivatives in determining biopsy thresholds and for adjusting values for active surveillance criteria in black men.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida; Department of Urology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida; Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida. Electronic address: o.kryvenko@med.miami.edu.
authors.forename: Oleksandr N
authors.initials: ON
authors.lastname: Kryvenko
authors.affiliation: Departments of Pathology, Urology, and Oncology, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland.
authors.forename: Jonathan I
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: Epstein
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida; Department of Biochemistry, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida; Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida.
authors.forename: Richard J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Cote
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis; D044383:Black People; D016208:Databases, Factual; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D060787:Neoplasm Grading; D011467:Prostate / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000032:analysis*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000208:ethnology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D044465:White People
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen
keywords: continental population groups; neoplasm grading; prostate-specific antigen; prostatic neoplasms