title: Subchronic and genetic safety evaluation of a calcium fructoborate in rats.
abstract: A branded calcium fructoborate product, a nature-identical calcium salt of bis (fructose) ester of boric acid found in plants and a natural source of boron in the human diet and sold under the trade name FruiteX-B(®) Brand Calcium Fructoborate ("FrxB"), was evaluated in a 90-day dietary toxicity study and two genotoxicity studies. In the 90-day study, four groups of 10 male and 10 female Crl:SD CD(®) IGS rats were fed diets with FrxB admixtures of 0.56, 1.12, and 1.68% dietary concentration, providing mean overall daily intakes of FrxB in male rats of 385.8, 774.9, and 1161.3 mg/kg bw/day, and 392.1, 784.4, and 1171.1 mg/kg bw/day in female rats. There were no mortalities, no clinical or ophthalmologic signs, body weight, body weight gain, food consumption, food efficiency, Functional Observational Battery (FOB), or Motor Activity (MA) findings associated with the administration of FrxB. There were no adverse changes in hematology, coagulation, clinical chemistry, or urinalysis parameters in male or female rats considered the result of test substance administration. At necropsy, there were no macroscopic, histopathological findings, or organ weight changes deemed related to administration of the test substance. Under the conditions of this study, based on the toxicological endpoints evaluated, the no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) for FrxB in the diet was 1161.3 and 1171.1 mg/kg bw/day in male and female rats, respectively. Bacterial mutagenicity studies and a micronucleus test using Chinese hamster V79 cells demonstrated no mutagenic or genotoxic potential of the tested brand of calcium fructoborate.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Virginia, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA. Electronic address: PAMarone@verizon.net.
authors.forename: Palma Ann
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Marone
authors.affiliation: JHeimbach LLC, 923 Water Street, Box 66, Port Royal, VA 22535, USA. Electronic address: jh@jheimbach.com.
authors.forename: James T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Heimbach
authors.affiliation: VDF FutureCeuticals, Inc., 2692 N. State Rt. 1-17, Momence, IL 60954, USA. Electronic address: bnemzer@futureceuticals.com.
authors.forename: Boris
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Nemzer
authors.affiliation: VDF FutureCeuticals, Inc., 2692 N. State Rt. 1-17, Momence, IL 60954, USA. Electronic address: jhunter@futureceuticals.com.
authors.forename: John M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Hunter
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001881:Borates / Q000633:toxicity*; D006224:Cricetinae; D003412:Cricetulus; D004032:Diet / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D005632:Fructose / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000633:toxicity; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015162:Micronucleus Tests / Q000379:methods; D008862:Microsomes, Liver / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D009152:Mutagenicity Tests / Q000379:methods*; D009153:Mutagens / Q000633:toxicity*; D019055:No-Observed-Adverse-Effect Level; D009929:Organ Size / Q000187:drug effects; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012449:Safety; D012486:Salmonella typhimurium / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D059550:Toxicity Tests, Subchronic / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D001881:Borates; D009153:Mutagens; C507177:calcium fructoborate; D005632:Fructose
keywords: Boron; Calcium fructoborate; Genotoxicity; Subchronic toxicology