title: Evaluation of antiepileptic effect of S-adenosyl methionine and its role in memory impairment in pentylenetetrazole-induced kindling model in rats.
abstract: Epilepsy is the third most common cause of neurological disability worldwide. Despite the introduction of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) in the past 20years, the seizures of around 30% of patients with epilepsy remain refractory to available treatment. Also, available AEDs and the disease itself have the potential to exert detrimental effects on cognitive function and therefore compromise patient wellbeing. S-adenosyl methionine has potential antiepileptic and memory-enhancing properties because of its involvement in the transmethylation reaction.
  
  
  
  The present study was designed to evaluate the antiepileptic effect of S-adenosyl methionine and its role in memory impairment in the pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced kindling model in rats.
  
  
  
  The antiepileptic effect of 2 doses of SAM (50 and 100mg/kg) was tested by evaluating seizure severity score and seizure latency in the pentylenetetrazole-induced kindling model in rats. At the end of the study, spatial memory was evaluated in an elevated plus maze (EPM) test, and animals were sacrificed for estimation of oxidative stress markers in brain tissue homogenate.
  
  
  
  A higher dose of SAM (100mg/kg) exhibited an increase in seizure latency and a decrease in seizure severity score, suggesting its antiepileptic activity in the PTZ-induced kindling model. Also, the administration of SAM (50 and 100mg/kg) showed a decrease in transfer latency in the EPM test compared to the disease control group (p<0.0001). Biochemical analysis of rat brain tissue revealed significantly decreased malondialdehyde (p<0.0001) and increased glutathione (GSH) (p<0.0001) in the SAM 100-mg/kg group compared with that in the disease control group.
  
  
  
  The results demonstrated that S-adenosyl methionine exerts antiepileptic, memory-enhancing, and antioxidant properties in a pentylenetetrazole-induced kindling model of epilepsy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Seth GSMC & KEM Hospital, Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400 012, India. Electronic address: rajnish_dr@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Rajnish M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Dhediya
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Seth GSMC & KEM Hospital, Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400 012, India.
authors.forename: Shirish S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Joshi
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Seth GSMC & KEM Hospital, Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400 012, India.
authors.forename: Snehalata V
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Gajbhiye
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Seth GSMC & KEM Hospital, Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400 012, India.
authors.forename: Sharmila V
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Jalgaonkar
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Seth GSMC & KEM Hospital, Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400 012, India.
authors.forename: Mansij
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Biswas
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001923:Brain Chemistry / Q000187:drug effects; D003071:Cognition / Q000187:drug effects; D003292:Convulsants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D007696:Kindling, Neurologic / Q000187:drug effects*; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D008569:Memory Disorders / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000523:psychology*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D010433:Pentylenetetrazole / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012436:S-Adenosylmethionine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012640:Seizures / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000523:psychology*; D065852:Spatial Memory / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000927:Anticonvulsants; D003292:Convulsants; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D012436:S-Adenosylmethionine; D005978:Glutathione; D010433:Pentylenetetrazole
keywords: Elevated plus maze; Epilepsy; Glutathione; Malondialdehyde; Sodium valproate