title: Toxicities and effects of insecticidal toxic baits to control Drosophila suzukii and Zaprionus indianus (Diptera: Drosophilidae).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Drosophila suzukii is a primary insect pest that causes direct damage to fruits with a thin epidermis such as strawberries, cherries and blueberries. In strawberry fields, the co-occurrence of D. suzukii and Zaprionus indianus has increased production losses. This study evaluated the toxicities and effects of insecticidal baits to control adults and larvae of both D. suzukii and Z. indianus.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Organophosphate (dimethoate and malathion), spinosyn (spinosad and spinetoram), pyrethroid (lambda-cyhalothrin) and diamide (cyantraniliprole) insecticides exhibited high toxicity to both adults and larvae of D. suzukii and Z. indianus (mortality >80%) in topical and dip bioassays. However, when the insecticides were mixed with a feeding attractant, a positive effect was observed only for adults of D. suzukii. Insecticides containing neonicotinoids (acetamiprid and thiamethoxam) and pyrolle (chlorfenapyr) caused intermediate mortality to adults of D. suzukii (40-60%) and low mortality for Z. indianus (mortality <23%); however, these compounds reduced the larval infestation of the two species by 55-86%. Botanical (azadirachtin) and sulphur insecticides exhibited low toxicity (mortality <40%) on adults and larvae of both species.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Dimethoate, malathion, spinosad, spinetoram, lambda-cyhalothrin and cyantraniliprole are highly toxic to both larvae and adults of D. suzukii and Z. indianus. The use of toxic baits for adults of D. suzukii could be an alternative in management of this species. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.
authors.affiliation: Temperate Climate Embrapa, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
authors.forename: Felipe
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Andreazza
authors.affiliation: Temperate Climate Embrapa, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bernardi
authors.affiliation: Grape and Wine Embrapa, Bento Gonçalves, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
authors.forename: Cleber A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Baronio
authors.affiliation: Grape and Wine Embrapa, Bento Gonçalves, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
authors.forename: Joel
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pasinato
authors.affiliation: Temperate Climate Embrapa, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
authors.forename: Dori E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Nava
authors.affiliation: Grape and Wine Embrapa, Bento Gonçalves, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marcos
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Botton
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004330:Drosophila; D004338:Drug Combinations; D007300:Insect Control / Q000379:methods; D007306:Insecticides; D007814:Larva; D018942:Macrolides; D010755:Organophosphates; D011720:Pyrazoles; D011722:Pyrethrins; D062367:ortho-Aminobenzoates
chemical_list: D004338:Drug Combinations; D007306:Insecticides; D018942:Macrolides; D010755:Organophosphates; D011720:Pyrazoles; D011722:Pyrethrins; D062367:ortho-Aminobenzoates; C558219:cyantraniliprole; C415329:spinosad; C548262:spinetoram
keywords: chemical control; fig fly; pest control; spotted-wing drosophila; strawberry; toxic bait