title: Fasciocutaneous Lotus Petal Flap for Perineal Wound Reconstruction after Extralevator Abdominoperineal Excision: Application for Reconstruction of the Pelvic Floor and Creation of a Neovagina.
abstract: The extralevator abdominoperineal excision (ELAPE) procedure creates an extensive soft tissue defect of the pelvic floor. It has been suggested that primary reconstruction reduces the risk of wound infection and delayed wound healing in this high-risk area. Use of myocutaneous flaps or omentoplasty are associated with functional limitations and complications. We performed the perineal variant of the lotus petal flap, which was originally described for vulvar reconstruction. We aimed to verify if application of the lotus petal flap in pelvic floor reconstruction after ELAPE meets the goals of an ideal reconstruction.
  
  
  
  We performed a retrospective study of 28 patients who underwent the lotus petal flap procedure for pelvic floor reconstruction after ELAPE between January 2011 and March 2014.
  
  
  
  Median age was 62.1 years and 78.6 % of patients were female. In most patients the tumor was preoperatively irradiated (89.3 %) and in 28.6 % of the reconstructions a biological mesh was applied. No total flap loss occurred. Six (21.4 %) patients had no complications, while 13 (46.4 %) patients had minor complications (Clavien-Dindo grade I-II). Reoperation (Clavien-Dindo grade IIIb) was performed in nine patients (32.1 %), three of whom required a second lotus petal flap reconstruction. Median time until wound healing was 14 weeks. No additional surgery was performed for aesthetic problems.
  
  
  
  Reconstruction of the pelvic floor after ELAPE using the fasciocutaneous lotus petal flap has limited major complications, but still with a high incidence of minor wound complications. This retrospective cohort study shows limited consequences on form and function.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Joke
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hellinga
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Patrick C K H
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Khoe
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Boudewijn
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: van Etten
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Patrick H J
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Hemmer
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Klaas
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Havenga
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Martin W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Stenekes
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands. y.eltahir@umcg.nl.
authors.forename: Yassir
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Eltahir
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001005:Anus Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D005205:Fascia / Q000637:transplantation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009336:Necrosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery; D009852:Omentum / Q000601:surgery; D017773:Pelvic Floor / Q000601:surgery*; D010502:Perineum / Q000601:surgery*; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D012004:Rectal Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D012086:Reoperation; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016038:Skin Transplantation; D013524:Surgical Flaps / Q000473:pathology; D013526:Surgical Mesh; D013529:Surgical Wound Dehiscence / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D019738:Surgically-Created Structures; D013997:Time Factors; D014621:Vagina / Q000601:surgery*; D014945:Wound Healing