title: Effect of different fluoride varnishes on remineralization of artificial enamel carious lesions.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare remineralization potential of topical fluoride varnishes with added calcium phosphate-based delivery systems on artificial enamel caries.
  
  
  METHODS
  Human enamel specimens (n = 60) were randomly divided into six groups: Group 0: Control (no varnish), Group 1: Duraphat®, Group 2: MI Varnish™, Group 3: Embrace™Varnish, Group 4: Enamel Pro®Varnish, and Group 5: Clinpro™White Varnish. Specimens were immersed in demineralizing solution for 96 h to create artificial caries lesion. Each specimen was then immersed in artificial saliva for 6 h after fluoride varnish application and pH cycling was performed for 8 days. Specimens were evaluated using Knoop surface microhardness (KHN) and transverse microradiography (TMR). One-way anova test was performed to examine the effect of fluoride varnishes on change in percentage of surface hardness recovery (%SHR), change in lesion depth (ΔLD), and change in mineral loss (ΔΔZ) with the significance limit set at 5%.
  
  
  RESULTS
  %SHR of enamel following treatment with Group 1 was significantly higher than Group 3 and Group 4. Conversely, ΔLD and ΔΔZ of Group 1 were significantly higher than Group 2, Group 3, and Group 4. No significant differences in %SHR, ΔLD, and ΔΔZ were found between Group 1 and Group 5.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Duraphat®alone achieves significant remineralization of enamel carious lesions. Clinpro™White Varnish had similar enamel remineralization effect as Duraphat®.
authors.affiliation: Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (SAR), China.
authors.forename: Siti N B
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Mohd Said
authors.affiliation: Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (SAR), China.
authors.forename: Manikandan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ekambaram
authors.affiliation: Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (SAR), China.
authors.forename: Cynthia K Y
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Yiu
mesh_terms: D000287:Administration, Topical; D002130:Calcium Phosphates / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D003731:Dental Caries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000628:therapy*; D003743:Dental Enamel / Q000187:drug effects*; D005460:Fluorides, Topical / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008852:Microradiography; D014089:Tooth Remineralization
chemical_list: D002130:Calcium Phosphates; D005460:Fluorides, Topical; C020243:calcium phosphate