title: Haralick textural features on T2-weighted MRI are associated with biochemical recurrence following radiotherapy for peripheral zone prostate cancer.
abstract: To explore the association between magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), including Haralick textural features, and biochemical recurrence following prostate cancer radiotherapy.
  
  
  
  In all, 74 patients with peripheral zone localized prostate adenocarcinoma underwent pretreatment 3.0T MRI before external beam radiotherapy. Median follow-up of 47 months revealed 11 patients with biochemical recurrence. Prostate tumors were segmented on T2-weighted sequences (T2-w) and contours were propagated onto the coregistered apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) images. We extracted 140 image features from normalized T2-w and ADC images corresponding to first-order (n = 6), gradient-based (n = 4), and second-order Haralick textural features (n = 130). Four geometrical features (tumor diameter, perimeter, area, and volume) were also computed. Correlations between Gleason score and MRI features were assessed. Cox regression analysis and random survival forests (RSF) were performed to assess the association between MRI features and biochemical recurrence.
  
  
  
  Three T2-w and one ADC Haralick textural features were significantly correlated with Gleason score (P < 0.05). Twenty-eight T2-w Haralick features and all four geometrical features were significantly associated with biochemical recurrence (P < 0.05). The most relevant features were Haralick features T2-w contrast, T2-w difference variance, ADC median, along with tumor volume and tumor area (C-index from 0.76 to 0.82; P < 0.05). By combining these most powerful features in an RSF model, the obtained C-index was 0.90.
  
  
  
  T2-w Haralick features appear to be strongly associated with biochemical recurrence following prostate cancer radiotherapy.
  
  
  
  3 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2017;45:103-117.
authors.affiliation: INSERM, U1099, Rennes, France.|Université de Rennes 1, LTSI, Rennes, France.|Department of Radiotherapy, Centre Eugène Marquis, Rennes, France.
authors.forename: Khémara
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Gnep
authors.affiliation: INSERM, U1099, Rennes, France.|Université de Rennes 1, LTSI, Rennes, France.
authors.forename: Auréline
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fargeas
authors.affiliation: INSERM, U1099, Rennes, France.|Université de Rennes 1, LTSI, Rennes, France.
authors.forename: Ricardo E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Gutiérrez-Carvajal
authors.affiliation: INSERM, U1099, Rennes, France.|Université de Rennes 1, LTSI, Rennes, France.
authors.forename: Frédéric
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Commandeur
authors.affiliation: INSERM, U1099, Rennes, France.|Université de Rennes 1, LTSI, Rennes, France.|Department of Urology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Pontchaillou, Rennes, France.
authors.forename: Romain
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mathieu
authors.affiliation: INSERM, U1099, Rennes, France.|Université de Rennes 1, LTSI, Rennes, France.
authors.forename: Juan D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Ospina
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Centre Eugène Marquis, Rennes, France.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Rolland
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Pontchaillou, Rennes, France.|Department of Radiology, Centre Eugène Marquis, Rennes, France.
authors.forename: Tanguy
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Rohou
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Pontchaillou, Rennes, France.
authors.forename: Sébastien
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vincendeau
authors.affiliation: LaTIM, INSERM UMR 1101, University of Brest, France.
authors.forename: Mathieu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hatt
authors.affiliation: INSERM, U1099, Rennes, France.|Université de Rennes 1, LTSI, Rennes, France.
authors.forename: Oscar
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Acosta
authors.affiliation: INSERM, U1099, Rennes, France.|Université de Rennes 1, LTSI, Rennes, France.|Department of Radiotherapy, Centre Eugène Marquis, Rennes, France.
authors.forename: Renaud
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: de Crevoisier
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000097:blood; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000097:blood / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000517:prevention & control; D015588:Observer Variation; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D020266:Radiotherapy, Conformal; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen
keywords: T2-weighted imaging; imaging biomarkers; magnetic resonance imaging; prostate cancer; radiomics; radiotherapy; texture analysis