title: Breastfeeding, Other Early Life Exposures and Childhood Leukemia and Lymphoma.
abstract: Childhood cancer incidence increases and although rare, it is a leading cause of mortality. Leukemia and lymphoma comprise 40% of all cancers in children but little is known of their etiology. In this study, we examined the associations of breastfeeding and other early life exposures with childhood leukemia and lymphoma. A population-based case-control study carried out in 2011-2013 comprised mothers of 190 incidents (2005-2013) of leukemia/lymphoma cases aged 1-19 yr at diagnosis and 384 population-based controls. Interviews based on a computerized structured questionnaire were conducted with the mothers. Multivariate logistic regression models adjusted for potential confounders assessed the association between breastfeeding patterns and childhood leukemia/lymphoma. Ever breastfeeding category was associated with a 64% decreased risk for childhood leukemia/lymphoma lsqb;odds ratio (OR) = 0.36, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.22, 0.60lrqb; and similar trends, with a dose-response effect, were observed for any breastfeeding (exclusive and/or partial) category for 6, 12, and 18+ mo. Other infant exposures associated with cancer risk were child iron supplementation (OR = 0.39, 95% CI: 0.26, 0.59), pet ownership (OR = 0.50, 95% CI: 0.33, 0.78), paternal smoking (OR = 1.93, 95% CI: 1.18, 3.15), and having older siblings (OR = 1.18, 95% CI: 1.05, 1.33). Breastfeeding-a controllable and modifiable exposure-is inversely associated with risk for childhood leukemia and lymphoma with a dose-response effect.
authors.affiliation: a School of Public Health , University of Haifa , Haifa , Israel.
authors.forename: Efrat Lev
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Amitay
authors.affiliation: b Exercise, Lifestyle and Nutrition Clinic , The Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center , Ramat Gan , Israel.|c Israel Center for Disease Control , Ministry of Health , Ramat Gan , Israel.
authors.forename: Gal
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Dubnov Raz
authors.affiliation: c Israel Center for Disease Control , Ministry of Health , Ramat Gan , Israel.|d School of Public Health , Faculty of Social Welfare and Health Sciences, University of Haifa , Haifa , Israel.
authors.forename: Lital
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Keinan-Boker
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000818:Animals; D001942:Breast Feeding; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015986:Confounding Factors, Epidemiologic; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D005260:Female; D006786:Hospitals, Urban; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007227:Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D019266:Iron, Dietary / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007557:Israel / Q000453:epidemiology; D007938:Leukemia / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008223:Lymphoma / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008297:Male; D009035:Mothers; D057805:Pets; D012306:Risk; D057566:Self Report
chemical_list: D019266:Iron, Dietary