title: Open application assay in investigation of subclinical irritant dermatitis induced by sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) in man: advantage of squamometry.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  After a single occlusive application (24 h patch test), SLS can cause irritation, dryness, and tightness. In typical use, clinical surfactant exposure is usually brief, of open application, and cumulative. The open application model becomes relevant when phenomena, such as dryness and subclinical, i.e., non-visible, irritation are induced.
  
  
  METHODS
  Exaggerated hand wash was performed in a total of 21 healthy individuals. Signs of skin irritation were scored, and skin reactions were measured using various bioengineering techniques.
  
  
  RESULTS
  These studies demonstrate that an exaggerated hand wash model permits exploration of sub-clinical irritation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Squamometry proved to be a sensitive, complementary method to detect surfactant-induced, sub-clinical skin alterations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USAColgate Palmolive Company, Piscataway, NJ, USAColgate Palmolive Company, Milmort, Belgium.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Charbonnier
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USAColgate Palmolive Company, Piscataway, NJ, USAColgate Palmolive Company, Milmort, Belgium.
authors.forename: B M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Morrison
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USAColgate Palmolive Company, Piscataway, NJ, USAColgate Palmolive Company, Milmort, Belgium.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Paye
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USAColgate Palmolive Company, Piscataway, NJ, USAColgate Palmolive Company, Milmort, Belgium.
authors.forename: H I
authors.initials: HI
authors.lastname: Maibach
keywords: capacitance; colorimetry; exaggerated hand wash; irritant dermatitis; open test; sodium lauryl sulfate; squamometry; transepidermal water loss