title: Human Milk for Preterm Infants and Fortification.
abstract: Breastfeeding is universally accepted as the preferred feeding for all newborn infants, including premature infants. The World Health Organization, American Academy of Pediatrics, Canadian Pediatric Society and the European Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, among others, recommend exclusive breastfeeding for the first 6 months in term infants, while complementary feeding is introduced over the next several months. However, for preterm infants, fortification is recommended to meet requirements. Human milk composition varies with the duration of lactation, within a day and even during one expression, and composition may be altered by method of storage and pasteurization. In this monograph, the use of human milk for premature infants, its limitations, strategies to overcome said limitations and follow-up studies will be reviewed.
authors.affiliation: Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA.
authors.forename: Jatinder
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bhatia
mesh_terms: D001942:Breast Feeding; D002136:Calcium, Dietary / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002170:Canada; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005527:Food, Fortified; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007227:Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D007234:Infant, Premature / Q000254:growth & development*; D019266:Iron, Dietary / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008894:Milk Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008895:Milk, Human / Q000737:chemistry*; D018673:Nutrition Policy; D009751:Nutritional Requirements; D016226:Phosphorus, Dietary / Q000008:administration & dosage; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000008:administration & dosage; D014944:World Health Organization
chemical_list: D002136:Calcium, Dietary; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D004041:Dietary Fats; D019266:Iron, Dietary; D008894:Milk Proteins; D016226:Phosphorus, Dietary; D014807:Vitamin D