title: Computer-assisted study of the axial orientation and distances between renovisceral arteries ostia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Endovascular navigation in aortic, renal and visceral procedures are based on precise knowledge of arterial anatomy. Our aim was to define the anatomical localization of the ostia of renovisceral arteries and their distribution to establish anatomical landmarks for endovascular catheterization.
  
  
  METHODS
  Computer-assisted measurements performed on 55 CT scans and patients features (age, sex, aortic diameter) were analyzed. p values <0.05 were considered statistically significant.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean axial angulation of CeT and the SMA origin was 21.8° ± 10.1° and 9.9° ± 10.5°, respectively. The ostia were located on the left anterior edge of the aorta in 96 % of cases for the CeT and 73 % for the SMA. CeT and SMA angles followed Gaussian distribution. Left renal artery (LRA) rose at 96° ± 15° and in 67 % of cases on the left posterior edge. The right renal artery (RRA) rose at -62° ± 16.5° and in 98 % of cases on the right anterior edge of the aorta. RRA angle measurements and cranio-caudal RRA-LRA distance measurements did not follow Gaussian distribution. The mean distances between the CeT and the SMA, LRA, and RRA were 16.7 ± 5.0, 30.7 ± 7.9 and 30.5 ± 7.7 mm, respectively. CeT-SMA distance showed correlation with age and aortic diameter (p = 0.03). CeT-LRA distance showed correlation with age (p = 0.04). The mean distance between the renal ostia was 3.75 ± 0.21 mm. The RRA ostium was higher than the LRA ostium in 52 % of cases. RRA and LRA origins were located at the same level in 7 % of cases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results illustrate aortic elongation with ageing and high anatomical variability of renal arteries. Our findings are complementary to anatomical features previously published and might contribute to enhance endovascular procedures safety and efficacy for vascular surgeons and interventional radiologists.
authors.affiliation: Department of Vascular Surgery, Henri Mondor University Hospital, 51 Avenue du Maréchal de Lattre de Tassigny, 94010, Créteil, France. jameslawton.ihp@gmail.com.
authors.forename: James
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7773-8298
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lawton
authors.affiliation: Department of Vascular Surgery, Henri Mondor University Hospital, 51 Avenue du Maréchal de Lattre de Tassigny, 94010, Créteil, France.
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Touma
authors.affiliation: Department of Vascular Surgery, Henri Mondor University Hospital, 51 Avenue du Maréchal de Lattre de Tassigny, 94010, Créteil, France.
authors.forename: Jean
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sénémaud
authors.affiliation: Department of Research and Innovation, Robert Debré Hospital, Reims University Hospitals, rue du Général Koenig, 51100, Reims, France.
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: de Boissieu
authors.affiliation: Department of Vascular Surgery, Henri Mondor University Hospital, 51 Avenue du Maréchal de Lattre de Tassigny, 94010, Créteil, France.
authors.forename: Julien
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Brossier
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Henri Mondor University Hospital, 51 Avenue du Maréchal de Lattre de Tassigny, 94010, Créteil, France.
authors.forename: Hicham
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kobeiter
authors.affiliation: Department of Vascular Surgery, Henri Mondor University Hospital, 51 Avenue du Maréchal de Lattre de Tassigny, 94010, Créteil, France.
authors.forename: Pascal
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Desgranges
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D063405:Anatomic Variation; D001012:Aorta, Abdominal / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D002445:Celiac Artery / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D000072226:Computed Tomography Angiography; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000008:administration & dosage; D057510:Endovascular Procedures; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000098:blood supply*; D008297:Male; D017538:Mesenteric Artery, Superior / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D012077:Renal Artery / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D012737:Sex Factors
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media
keywords: Celiac trunk; Endovascular navigation; Radiological anatomy; Renal arteries; Superior mesenteric artery; Visceral branches orientations