title: The interaction of an amino-modified ZrO2 nanomaterial with macrophages-an in situ investigation by Raman microspectroscopy.
abstract: Metal oxide nanoparticles (NP) are applied in the fields of biomedicine, pharmaceutics, and in consumer products as textiles, cosmetics, paints, or fuels. In this context, the functionalization of the NP surface is a common method to modify and modulate the product performance. A chemical surface modification of NP such as an amino-functionalization can be used to achieve a positively charged and hydrophobic surface. Surface functionalization is known to affect the interaction of nanomaterials (NM) with cellular macromolecules and the responses of tissues or cells, like the uptake of particles by phagocytic cells. Therefore, it is important to assess the possible risk of those modified NP for human health and environment. By applying Raman microspectroscopy, we verified in situ the interaction of amino-modified ZrO2 NP with cultivated macrophages. The results demonstrated strong adhesion properties of the NP to the cell membrane and internalization into the cells. The intracellular localization of the NP was visualized via Raman depth scans of single cells. After the cells were treated with sodium azide (NaN3) and 2-deoxy-glucose to inhibit the phagocytic activity, NP were still detected inside cells to comparable percentages. The observed tendency of amino-modified ZrO2 NP to interact with the cultivated macrophages may influence membrane integrity and cellular functions of alveolar macrophages in the respiratory system. Graphical abstract Detection of ZrO2 NM at subcellular level.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743, Jena, Germany.|InfectoGnostics Research Campus Jena, Center for Applied Research, Philosophenweg 7, 07743, Jena, Germany.
authors.forename: Anja
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Silge
authors.affiliation: Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743, Jena, Germany.|InfectoGnostics Research Campus Jena, Center for Applied Research, Philosophenweg 7, 07743, Jena, Germany.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Bocklitz
authors.affiliation: Biomedical Technology Center, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Mendelstr. 17, 48149, Münster, Germany.
authors.forename: Rainer
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ossig
authors.affiliation: Biomedical Technology Center, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Mendelstr. 17, 48149, Münster, Germany.
authors.forename: Jürgen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Schnekenburger
authors.affiliation: Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743, Jena, Germany.|InfectoGnostics Research Campus Jena, Center for Applied Research, Philosophenweg 7, 07743, Jena, Germany.
authors.forename: Petra
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rösch
authors.affiliation: Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743, Jena, Germany. juergen.popp@uni-jena.de.|InfectoGnostics Research Campus Jena, Center for Applied Research, Philosophenweg 7, 07743, Jena, Germany. juergen.popp@uni-jena.de.|Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 9, 07702, Jena, Germany. juergen.popp@uni-jena.de.
authors.forename: Jürgen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Popp
mesh_terms: D000586:Amination; D000818:Animals; D008264:Macrophages / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D000067996:RAW 264.7 Cells; D013059:Spectrum Analysis, Raman; D015040:Zirconium / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D015040:Zirconium; C028541:zirconium oxide
keywords: Cellular uptake; Raman microspectroscopy; Surface functionalization; ZrO2 nanoparticles