title: LONGITUDINAL FOLLOW-UP OF CHOROIDAL GRANULOMAS USING ENHANCED DEPTH IMAGING OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the ability of enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography (EDI-OCT) in detecting variations in the structure and size of choroidal granulomas in response to treatment and to compare these findings with indocyanine green angiography (ICGA).
  
  
  METHODS
  EDI-OCT and ICGA images of choroidal granulomas in eyes of patients diagnosed with tubercular or sarcoid uveitis were obtained at baseline and follow-up visits. Two independent masked observers analyzed the lesions to compare changes in their structural features such as shape, reflectivity, and margins, among others, through time. The size of each lesion was manually measured on EDI-OCT and ICGA images at all the visits. In addition, longitudinal assessment of choroidal area was performed on the EDI-OCT images during the course of follow-up.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-eight granulomas (16 tubercular and 12 sarcoid; 7 patients) were included in the study. Using EDI-OCT, significant decrease in the mean size of lesions could be appreciated after 1 month of treatment (0.29 mm at baseline vs. 0.18 mm at 1 month; P < 0.001). However, ICGA did not reveal significant decrease in lesion size at 1 month compared with baseline (0.94 vs. 0.76 mm; P = 0.07). The granulomas followed a characteristic healing pattern in which the antero-posterior extent (depth) decreased first, followed by decrease in their lateral extent. Apart from size, the choroidal granulomas did not show significant changes in their morphological features on EDI-OCT with treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  EDI-OCT may be more sensitive than ICGA in detecting early variations in the size of choroidal granulomas. Morphometric analyses of choroidal granulomas on EDI-OCT may be very useful in monitoring the response to treatment in patients with choroidal granulomas.
authors.affiliation: *Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Ophthalmological Unit, IRCCS-CA Granda Foundation - Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy; †Eye Clinic, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Science, Luigi Sacco Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; and ‡Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Stanley M. Truhlsen Eye Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska.
authors.forename: Alessandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Invernizzi
authors.forename: Aniruddha
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Agarwal
authors.forename: Chiara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mapelli
authors.forename: Quan Dong
authors.initials: QD
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Staurenghi
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Viola
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000995:Antitubercular Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015862:Choroid Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D005451:Fluorescein Angiography; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006099:Granuloma / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012507:Sarcoidosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology; D041623:Tomography, Optical Coherence / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D014392:Tuberculosis, Ocular / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D000995:Antitubercular Agents