title: Infections in Liver Disease.
abstract: Infectious complications are common occurrences in end-stage liver disease (ESLD). Frequent infections precipitate decompensation of liver disease leading to acute or chronic liver failure, organ dysfunction, de-listing from transplant, and major morbidity and mortality. The spectrum of microorganisms has shifted with the emergence of multidrug-resistant strains, which has major implications for both therapy and prophylaxis. Cirrhosis is often associated with an underlying noninfectious systemic inflammatory state that makes diagnosis of infections particularly challenging. Adequate resuscitation and timely administration of appropriate antibiotics are pivotal to improved outcomes from infections in ESLD.
authors.affiliation: Critical Care Fellowship Program, Medical Intensive Care Unit, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Suite E 5200, 9200 West Wisconsin Avenue, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA. Electronic address: Rnanchal@mcw.edu.
authors.forename: Rahul S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Nanchal
authors.affiliation: Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Suite E 5200, 9200 West Wisconsin Avenue, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA.
authors.forename: Shahryar
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ahmad
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008107:Liver Diseases / Q000150:complications*; D009181:Mycoses / Q000453:epidemiology; D010538:Peritonitis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents
keywords: Acute kidney injury; Acute on chronic liver failure; Antibiotics; Cirrhosis; Cirrhosis-associated immune dysfunction; Infections; Sepsis; Septic shock