title: Minoxidil topical treatment may be more efficient if applied on damp scalp in comparison with dry scalp.
abstract: There is yet no consensus among prescribers whether minoxidil (MXD) formulations should be applied on wet/damp or dry scalp and no clear FDA guidelines on the matter. We hypothesized that the use of MXD on damp scalp may lead to higher drug penetration. First, because the drug diffusion and consequent deposition into the hair follicle may be favored when follicle cast is humid. Second, because humidity may also prevent drug crystallization and, therefore, maintain a higher thermodynamic activity for longer periods, which leads to increased penetration. Following in vitro experiments on rat and porcine skin we confirmed the hypothesis, which could markedly improve treatment effectiveness.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Food Drugs and Cosmetics (LTMAC), University of Brasilia, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Brasília, DF, 70910-900, Brazil.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Angelo
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Food Drugs and Cosmetics (LTMAC), University of Brasilia, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Brasília, DF, 70910-900, Brazil.
authors.forename: G N
authors.initials: GN
authors.lastname: Barbalho
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Food Drugs and Cosmetics (LTMAC), University of Brasilia, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Brasília, DF, 70910-900, Brazil.
authors.forename: G M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Gelfuso
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Food Drugs and Cosmetics (LTMAC), University of Brasilia, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Brasília, DF, 70910-900, Brazil. tgratieri@gmail.com.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Gratieri
mesh_terms: D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D000818:Animals; D003460:Crystallization; D004058:Diffusion; D018859:Hair Follicle / Q000378:metabolism*; D008914:Minoxidil / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D012535:Scalp / Q000378:metabolism*; D012869:Skin Absorption; D012995:Solubility; D013552:Swine; D013997:Time Factors; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D014867:Water; D008914:Minoxidil
keywords: alopecia; hair follicle; therapy-topical