title: Child oral health in migrant families: A cross-sectional study of caries in 1-4 year old children from migrant backgrounds residing in Melbourne, Australia.
abstract: Early Childhood Caries (ECC) is the most common, preventable disease of childhood. It can affect children's health and wellbeing and children from migrant families may be at greater risk of developing ECC.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To describe ECC in children from migrant families, and explore possible influences.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional analysis of caries data collected as baseline data for an oral health promotion study.
  
  
  METHODS
  The analysis sample included 630 1-4 year-old children clustered within 481 Iraqi, Lebanese and Pakistani families in Melbourne, Australia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Child participants received a community-based visual dental examination. Parents completed a self-administered questionnaire on demographics, ethnicity, and oral health knowledge, behaviour and attitudes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Child caries experience. Bivariate associations between oral health behaviours and ethnicity were tested for significance using chi-square. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify associations with ECC, adjusting for demographic variables and accounting for clustering by family.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall, 34% of children in the sample experienced caries (both non-cavitated and cavitated). For all caries lesions, parent' length of residence in Australia, consumption of sweet drinks and parental education remained as independent predictors of child caries experience. Adding sugar to drinks was an additional risk factor for cavitation. Ethnicity was associated with some individual oral health behaviours suggesting cultural influences on health, however the relationship was not independent of other predictors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Culturally competent oral health promotion interventions should aim to support migrant families with young children, and focus on reducing sweet drink consumption.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gibbs
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: de Silva
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Christian
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gold
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gussy
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Calache
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Young
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Riggs
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tadic
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Watt
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Gondal
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Waters
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001294:Attitude to Health; D001628:Beverages / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003731:Dental Caries / Q000453:epidemiology*; D004037:Diet, Cariogenic; D019422:Dietary Sucrose / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004522:Educational Status; D005260:Female; D015438:Health Behavior; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007493:Iraq / Q000208:ethnology; D007861:Lebanon / Q000208:ethnology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009909:Oral Health; D010154:Pakistan / Q000208:ethnology; D010290:Parents / Q000193:education / Q000523:psychology; D012307:Risk Factors; D014099:Toothbrushing / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D014171:Transients and Migrants; D014739:Victoria / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D019422:Dietary Sucrose