title: Nephrotoxicity in rabbits after long-term nandrolone decanoate administration.
abstract: Among the various side effects of supra-physiological dose of anabolic androgenic steroids that are described, renal toxicity remains the least evaluated. The present study provides evidence that long-term administration of nandrolone decanoate could lead to alterations of renal function and structure in the experimental rabbit model. A pronounced increase in serum urea, creatinine, SGOT and SGPT is observed in the treated animals, with intramuscular administration being more detrimental. Histopathological evaluation of kidneys indicated hyperaemia, fibrosis and focal inflammation. Furthermore, the significantly increased telomerase activity found in the kidneys of the intramuscularly treated animals could possibly represent a counteracting survival mechanism. Oxidative stress markers that were influenced the most were TBARS, indicating lipid peroxidation, and GSH. An interesting finding in our study though, was that while intramuscular administration showed the highest biochemical derangement, oxidative stress markers provided mixed results between intramuscularly and subcutaneously treated rabbits. In conclusion, nephrotoxicity of nandrolone decanoate remains a multi-factorial, partly irreversible effect that involves augmented tissue oxidative status.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dangerous Substances, Mixtures and Articles, Directorate of Environment, General Chemical State Laboratory of Greece, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Christina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tsitsimpikou
authors.affiliation: Center of Toxicology Science & Research, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece.
authors.forename: Fotini
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Vasilaki
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Larissa, Thessaly Prefecture, Larissa, Greece.
authors.forename: Konstantinos
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tsarouhas
authors.affiliation: Center of Toxicology Science & Research, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece.
authors.forename: Persefoni
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Fragkiadaki
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tzardi
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece.
authors.forename: Nikolaos
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Goutzourelas
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, University Hospital of Larissa, Thessaly Prefecture, Larissa, Greece.
authors.forename: Charitini
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Nepka
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece.
authors.forename: Alexandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kalogeraki
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University Hospital of Heraklion, Crete, Greece.
authors.forename: Ioannis
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Heretis
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece.
authors.forename: Zoi
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Epitropaki
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece.
authors.forename: Dimitrios
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kouretas
authors.affiliation: Center of Toxicology Science & Research, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece. Electronic address: toxlab@med.uoc.gr.
authors.forename: Aristidis M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Tsatsakis
mesh_terms: D045930:Anabolic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced*; D008297:Male; D009277:Nandrolone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000633:toxicity; D000077603:Nandrolone Decanoate; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D011817:Rabbits
chemical_list: D045930:Anabolic Agents; D015415:Biomarkers; D009277:Nandrolone; D000077603:Nandrolone Decanoate
keywords: Creatinine; Kidney; Nandrolone; Oxidative stress; Urea