title: In vitro anthelmintic activity of active compounds of the fringed rue Ruta chalepensis against dairy ewe gastrointestinal nematodes.
abstract: Infections by gastrointestinal nematodes negatively affect small ruminant health and at the same time cause substantial economic losses worldwide. Because resistance to conventional anthelmintic compounds is growing, target studies evaluating the effectiveness of alternative ingredients of botanical origin on gastrointestinal nematodes are needed. In this study, we evaluated the in vitro anthelmintic activity of Ruta chalepensis L. extracts on the third-stage larvae of sheep gastrointestinal nematodes. A methanol extract showed the highest anthelmintic activity, with an EC50 = 0.10 ± 0.06 mg/ml after 96 h, while the essential oil had an EC50 = 1.45 ± 1.22 mg/ml after 48 h. Moreover, three secondary metabolites of the essential oil, i.e. 2-decanone, 2-nonanone and 2-undecanone, showed EC50 values of 0.07 ± 0.06, 0.25 ± 0.29 and 0.88 ± 0.73 mg/ml at 24 h, respectively. The present study indicated that the R. chalepensis methanol extract, the essential oil and its metabolites 2-decanone, 2-nonanone and 2-undecanone showed promising anthelmintic activity on gastrointestinal nematodes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Agriculture,University of Sassari,via Enrico de Nicola 7,07100 Sassari,Italy.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ortu
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Medicine,University of Sassari,via Vienna 2,07100 Sassari,Italy.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sanna
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Medicine,University of Sassari,via Vienna 2,07100 Sassari,Italy.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Scala
authors.affiliation: Department of Agriculture,University of Sassari,via Enrico de Nicola 7,07100 Sassari,Italy.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pulina
authors.affiliation: Department of Life and Environmental Sciences,University of Cagliari,via Ospedale 72,09124 Cagliari,Italy.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Caboni
authors.affiliation: Department of Agriculture,University of Sassari,via Enrico de Nicola 7,07100 Sassari,Italy.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Battacone
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000871:Anthelmintics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001681:Biological Assay; D006373:Helminthiasis / Q000469:parasitology*; D007411:Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic / Q000469:parasitology*; D007814:Larva / Q000187:drug effects; D009348:Nematoda / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D021261:Parasitic Sensitivity Tests; D064209:Phytochemicals / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D032105:Ruta / Q000737:chemistry*; D012756:Sheep; D012757:Sheep Diseases / Q000469:parasitology*
chemical_list: D000871:Anthelmintics; D064209:Phytochemicals; D010936:Plant Extracts