title: Comparative Mt Genomics of the Tipuloidea (Diptera: Nematocera: Tipulomorpha) and Its Implications for the Phylogeny of the Tipulomorpha.
abstract: A traditionally controversial taxon, the Tipulomorpha has been frequently discussed with respect to both its familial composition and relationships with other Nematocera. The interpretation of internal relationships within the Tipuloidea, which include the Tipulidae sensu stricto, Cylindrotomidae, Pediciidae and Limoniidae, is also problematic. We sequenced the first complete mitochondrial (mt) genome of Symplecta hybrida (Meigen, 1804), which belongs to the subfamily Chioneinae of family Limoniidae, and another five nearly complete mt genomes from the Tipuloidea. We did a comparative analysis of these mt genomics and used them, along with some other representatives of the Nematocera to construct phylogenetic trees. Trees inferred by Bayesian methods strongly support a sister-group relationship between Trichoceridae and Tipuloidea. Tipulomorpha are not supported as the earliest branch of the Diptera. Furthermore, phylogenetic trees indicate that the family Limoniidae is a paraphyletic group.
authors.affiliation: Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
authors.forename: Xiao
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
authors.forename: Zehui
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.affiliation: Centre for Medical Bioscience, School of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia.
authors.forename: Meng
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mao
authors.affiliation: Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
authors.forename: Xuankun
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Earth, Environmental & Biological Sciences School, Science & Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia.
authors.forename: Stephen L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Cameron
authors.affiliation: Naturalis Biodiversity Center Darwinweg 2, 2333 CR, Leiden, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Herman de
authors.initials: Hd
authors.lastname: Jong
authors.affiliation: Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.|Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China.
authors.forename: Mengqing
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
authors.forename: Ding
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001482:Base Composition; D003062:Codon; D019295:Computational Biology / Q000379:methods; D004175:Diptera / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics*; D054629:Genome, Mitochondrial; D023281:Genomics; D009690:Nucleic Acid Conformation; D010802:Phylogeny; D012343:RNA, Transfer / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA
chemical_list: D003062:Codon; D012343:RNA, Transfer