title: Protection and viability of fruit seeds oils by nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC) nanosuspensions.
abstract: In this paper, we focused on the development of nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) for dermal application. The NLC matrix was designed as a protective reservoir of biological active compounds that naturally occur in domestic fruit seed oils. Over the years, emulsions, as a popular physicochemical form of personal care products, were refined in order to obtain the best possible penetration into the skin of any bioactive compound introduced in the formulation, such as polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). In fact, the bioactive components are useful only if they are able to penetrate the skin unchanged. Therefore, an alternate way to deliver naturally occurring PUFAs is needed. NLCs present a novel delivery and protection system for the PUFAs. The cold pressed fruit seed oils obtained from waste material were used in this paper: blackcurrant, blackberry, raspberry, strawberry and plum. Thermodynamic (DSC) and structural techniques ((1)H NMR) were applied in order to characterize the obtained systems in terms of seed oil incorporation into the NLC, and oxidative stability tests were used to confirm the protective quality of the systems. During the formulation optimization process the most stable nanosuspension with the best seed oil incorporation was a mixture of 4% nonionic emulsifiers, 88% water and 6% lipids with a ratio of 6:2, wax:oil. The oxidative stability tests showed that the NLC was an effective method of protection of the PUFAs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Colloid and Lipid Science, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, ul. Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland.
authors.forename: Olga
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Krasodomska
authors.affiliation: Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, 'Sapienza' University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy.
authors.forename: Patrizia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Paolicelli
authors.affiliation: Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, 'Sapienza' University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy.
authors.forename: Stefania
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cesa
authors.affiliation: Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, 'Sapienza' University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy.
authors.forename: Maria Antonietta
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Casadei
authors.affiliation: Department of Colloid and Lipid Science, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, ul. Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland. Electronic address: christian.jungnickel@pg.gda.pl.
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Jungnickel
mesh_terms: D004337:Drug Carriers / Q000737:chemistry*; D004655:Emulsions / Q000737:chemistry; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated / Q000737:chemistry*; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry*; D049329:Nanostructures / Q000737:chemistry*; D010316:Particle Size; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000737:chemistry*; D012639:Seeds / Q000737:chemistry*; D013499:Surface Properties; D013816:Thermodynamics
chemical_list: D004337:Drug Carriers; D004655:Emulsions; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated; D010938:Plant Oils
keywords: Blackberry seed oil; Blackcurrant seed oil; Cosmetic emulsion; Nanostructured lipid carriers, NLC; Plum seed oil; Polyunsaturated fatty acids; Raspberry seed oil; Strawberry seed oil