title: Lack of Association between Genetic Polymorphism of Circadian Genes (PER2, PER3, CLOCK and OX2R) with Late Onset Depression and Alzheimer's Disease in a Sample of a Brazilian Population (Circadian Genes, Late-Onset Depression and Alzheimer's Disease).
abstract: This study aims to evaluate the association between polymorphisms in circadian genes and Alzheimer's disease (AD) and/or late-onset depression (LOD). AD pathology leads to circadian disturbances, with clear negative influence on quality of life. In addition, there is an increasing evidence that regulators of circadian system have effects on AD and LOD pathology.
  
  
  
  An exploratory case-control study designed to evaluate SNPs in the PER2, PER3, CLOCK and OX2R genes in a sample composed by 249 AD, 222 LOD and 112 healthy individuals.
  
  
  
  The participants were evaluated using DSM-IV criteria for LOD and NINCDS-ADRDA for AD.
  
  
  
  In allelic analysis, the OX2R SNP, rs2134294, showed an association of allele C with LOD (p =0.02, OR= 1.6) and AD (p=0.04, OR =1.5). The rs2134294 also showed a genotypic association C/C (p =0.01) for higher risk to develop LOD compared to the control group, with an odd's ratio of 2.7. The rs9370399 (OX2R) has also shown an association between A allele (p=0.03, OR= 1.4) and AD. These results do not persist after a 1,000 permutations test. For other markers of the OX2R gene and for all other markers of this study no association was found.
  
  
  
  In conclusion, the present study found that the investigated Circadian Genes (PER2, PER3, CLOCK and OX2R) polymorphisms were not associated with LOD or AD.
authors.affiliation: INCT de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av Alfredo Balena, 190, Belo Horizonte-MG, CEP 30130-100, Brazil. patriciabiomol@yahoo.com.br.
authors.forename: Patricia Araújo
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Pereira
authors.forename: António
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Alvim-Soares
authors.forename: Maria Aparecida Camargos
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Bicalho
authors.forename: Edgar Nunes de
authors.initials: EN
authors.lastname: Moraes
authors.forename: Leandro
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Malloy-Diniz
authors.forename: Jonas Jardim de
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Paula
authors.forename: Marco Aurélio
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Romano-Silva
authors.forename: Debora Marques
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Miranda
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000235:genetics*; D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D003863:Depression; D005260:Female; D056726:Genetic Association Studies; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease / Q000235:genetics*; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D056950:Period Circadian Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D056950:Period Circadian Proteins