title: Role and mechanisms of action of Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 in the maintenance of remission in ulcerative colitis patients: An update.
abstract: Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory disease, whose etiology is still unclear. Its pathogenesis involves an interaction between genetic factors, immune response and the "forgotten organ", Gut Microbiota. Several studies have been conducted to assess the role of antibiotics and probiotics as additional or alternative therapies for Ulcerative Colitis. Escherichia coli Nissle (EcN) is a nonpathogenic Gram-negative strain isolated in 1917 by Alfred Nissle and it is the active component of microbial drug Mutaflor(®) (Ardeypharm GmbH, Herdecke, Germany and EcN, Cadigroup, In Italy) used in many gastrointestinal disorder including diarrhea, uncomplicated diverticular disease and UC. It is the only probiotic recommended in ECCO guidelines as effective alternative to mesalazine in maintenance of remission in UC patients. In this review we propose an update on the role of EcN 1917 in maintenance of remission in UC patients, including data about efficacy and safety. Further studies may be helpful for this subject to further the full use of potential of EcN.
authors.affiliation: Franco Scaldaferri, Viviana Gerardi, Francesca Mangiola, Loris Riccardo Lopetuso, Marco Pizzoferrato, Valentina Petito, Alfredo Papa, Giovanni Cammarota, Antonio Gasbarrini, Polo Apparato digerente e sistema Endocrino Metabolico, Gastroenterology Division, Catholic University of Sacred Hearth, 00168 Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Franco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Scaldaferri
authors.affiliation: Franco Scaldaferri, Viviana Gerardi, Francesca Mangiola, Loris Riccardo Lopetuso, Marco Pizzoferrato, Valentina Petito, Alfredo Papa, Giovanni Cammarota, Antonio Gasbarrini, Polo Apparato digerente e sistema Endocrino Metabolico, Gastroenterology Division, Catholic University of Sacred Hearth, 00168 Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Viviana
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Gerardi
authors.affiliation: Franco Scaldaferri, Viviana Gerardi, Francesca Mangiola, Loris Riccardo Lopetuso, Marco Pizzoferrato, Valentina Petito, Alfredo Papa, Giovanni Cammarota, Antonio Gasbarrini, Polo Apparato digerente e sistema Endocrino Metabolico, Gastroenterology Division, Catholic University of Sacred Hearth, 00168 Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Mangiola
authors.affiliation: Franco Scaldaferri, Viviana Gerardi, Francesca Mangiola, Loris Riccardo Lopetuso, Marco Pizzoferrato, Valentina Petito, Alfredo Papa, Giovanni Cammarota, Antonio Gasbarrini, Polo Apparato digerente e sistema Endocrino Metabolico, Gastroenterology Division, Catholic University of Sacred Hearth, 00168 Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Loris Riccardo
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Lopetuso
authors.affiliation: Franco Scaldaferri, Viviana Gerardi, Francesca Mangiola, Loris Riccardo Lopetuso, Marco Pizzoferrato, Valentina Petito, Alfredo Papa, Giovanni Cammarota, Antonio Gasbarrini, Polo Apparato digerente e sistema Endocrino Metabolico, Gastroenterology Division, Catholic University of Sacred Hearth, 00168 Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pizzoferrato
authors.affiliation: Franco Scaldaferri, Viviana Gerardi, Francesca Mangiola, Loris Riccardo Lopetuso, Marco Pizzoferrato, Valentina Petito, Alfredo Papa, Giovanni Cammarota, Antonio Gasbarrini, Polo Apparato digerente e sistema Endocrino Metabolico, Gastroenterology Division, Catholic University of Sacred Hearth, 00168 Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Valentina
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Petito
authors.affiliation: Franco Scaldaferri, Viviana Gerardi, Francesca Mangiola, Loris Riccardo Lopetuso, Marco Pizzoferrato, Valentina Petito, Alfredo Papa, Giovanni Cammarota, Antonio Gasbarrini, Polo Apparato digerente e sistema Endocrino Metabolico, Gastroenterology Division, Catholic University of Sacred Hearth, 00168 Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Alfredo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Papa
authors.affiliation: Franco Scaldaferri, Viviana Gerardi, Francesca Mangiola, Loris Riccardo Lopetuso, Marco Pizzoferrato, Valentina Petito, Alfredo Papa, Giovanni Cammarota, Antonio Gasbarrini, Polo Apparato digerente e sistema Endocrino Metabolico, Gastroenterology Division, Catholic University of Sacred Hearth, 00168 Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Jovana
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Stojanovic
authors.affiliation: Franco Scaldaferri, Viviana Gerardi, Francesca Mangiola, Loris Riccardo Lopetuso, Marco Pizzoferrato, Valentina Petito, Alfredo Papa, Giovanni Cammarota, Antonio Gasbarrini, Polo Apparato digerente e sistema Endocrino Metabolico, Gastroenterology Division, Catholic University of Sacred Hearth, 00168 Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Poscia
authors.affiliation: Franco Scaldaferri, Viviana Gerardi, Francesca Mangiola, Loris Riccardo Lopetuso, Marco Pizzoferrato, Valentina Petito, Alfredo Papa, Giovanni Cammarota, Antonio Gasbarrini, Polo Apparato digerente e sistema Endocrino Metabolico, Gastroenterology Division, Catholic University of Sacred Hearth, 00168 Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cammarota
authors.affiliation: Franco Scaldaferri, Viviana Gerardi, Francesca Mangiola, Loris Riccardo Lopetuso, Marco Pizzoferrato, Valentina Petito, Alfredo Papa, Giovanni Cammarota, Antonio Gasbarrini, Polo Apparato digerente e sistema Endocrino Metabolico, Gastroenterology Division, Catholic University of Sacred Hearth, 00168 Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gasbarrini
mesh_terms: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003093:Colitis, Ulcerative / Q000382:microbiology / Q000628:therapy*; D004926:Escherichia coli; D006801:Humans; D060046:Maintenance Chemotherapy; D019804:Mesalamine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019936:Probiotics / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D019804:Mesalamine
keywords: Escherichia coli Nissle; Inflammatory bowel disease; Metanalysis; Probiotic; Randomized trial; Ulcerative colitis