title: Short- and Long-Term Changes in Corneal Aberrations and Axial Length Induced by Orthokeratology in Children Are Not Correlated.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the correlation between changes in corneal aberrations and the 2-year change in axial length in children fitted with orthokeratology (OK) contact lenses.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-one subjects 6 to 12 years of age and with myopia -0.75 to -4.00DS and astigmatism ≤1.00DC were fitted with OK. Measurements of axial length and corneal topography were taken at regular intervals over a 2-year period. Corneal topography at baseline and after 3 and 24 months of OK lens wear was used to derive higher-order corneal aberrations (HOA) that were correlated with OK-induced axial length changes at 2 years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significant changes in (Equation is included in full-text article.)root mean square (RMS) secondary astigmatism and fourth and total HOA were found with both 3 and 24 months of OK lens wear in comparison with baseline (all P<0.05). Additionally, significant changes in (Equation is included in full-text article.)and RMS tetrafoil were found at 3 months and in second-order RMS at 24 months of OK lens wear in comparison with baseline (all P<0.05). However, none of the changes in corneal aberrations were significantly correlated with the 2-year change in axial elongation (all P>0.05). Coma angle of orientation changed significantly pre-OK in comparison with 3 and 24 months post-OK as well as secondary astigmatism angle of orientation pre-OK in comparison with 24 months post-OK (all P<0.05). However, coma, trefoil, secondary astigmatism, and tetrafoil angles of orientation pre-OK or post-OK were not significantly correlated with the 2-year change in axial elongation (all P>0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Short-term and long-term OK lens wear induces significant changes in corneal aberrations that are not significantly correlated with changes in axial elongation after 2-years.
authors.affiliation: Menicon R&D Innovation Center (J.S.-R.), Research & Development, Menicon Co., Ltd, Nagoya, Japan; Clínica Oftalmológica Novovision (C.V.-C., R.G.-O.), Madrid, Spain; Optics & Optometry Department, Faculty of Health Sciences (C.V.-C.), Universidad Europea, Madrid, Spain; School of Life and Health Sciences (B.G.), Aston University, Birmingham, United Kingdom; and Clinical Center (A.S.), Research & Development, Menicon Co., Ltd, Nagoya, Japan.
authors.forename: Jacinto
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Santodomingo-Rubido
authors.forename: César
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Villa-Collar
authors.forename: Bernard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gilmartin
authors.forename: Ramón
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gutiérrez-Ortega
authors.forename: Asaki
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Suzaki
mesh_terms: D001251:Astigmatism / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D058452:Axial Length, Eye / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002648:Child; D003263:Contact Lenses, Hydrophilic; D057108:Corneal Wavefront Aberration / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009216:Myopia / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D054158:Orthokeratologic Procedures / Q000379:methods*