title: Measurement of 2-nonenal and diacetyl emanating from human skin surface employing passive flux sampler-GCMS system.
abstract: It is commonly said elderly persons have a characteristic body odor, and, at present, two chemical compounds have been found to vary with age in male Japanese: 2-nonenal and diacetyl. To investigate dermal emission flux of the ageing odor related compounds, we have developed a non-invasive sampling device based on a concept of passive flux sampler (PFS). The sampler was placed on the skin surface to create a headspace, and the gases emanating from skin moved toward a disk-type adsorbent. The trapped gases were then extracted with dichloromethane and determined by GCMS. The PFS was practically applied to healthy volunteers covering a wide range of age. Since emission fluxes of both compounds remarkably varied with sampling position, the nape of the neck was fixed as regular sampling position where there are dense networks of both sebaceous and eccrine glands which are potential sources of both compounds. The emission flux of 2-nonenal increased with age for both male and female volunteers, whilst the flux of diacetyl showed highest in 30s and decreased over 40s. Although diacetyl has been known as a middle-aged male odor, this study showed the odor caused by diacetyl was not specific to male.
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Science, Tokai University, 4-1-1 Kitakaname, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa 259-1292, Japan.
authors.forename: Keita
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kimura
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Science, Tokai University, 4-1-1 Kitakaname, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa 259-1292, Japan. Electronic address: sekine@keyaki.cc.u-tokai.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Yoshika
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sekine
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Science, Tokai University, 4-1-1 Kitakaname, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa 259-1292, Japan.
authors.forename: Shota
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Furukawa
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Science, Tokai University, 4-1-1 Kitakaname, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa 259-1292, Japan.
authors.forename: Minami
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.affiliation: AIREX Inc., 2-17-6 Myojincho, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0046, Japan.
authors.forename: Daisuke
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Oikawa
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000375:Aging; D000447:Aldehydes / Q000032:analysis*; D003931:Diacetyl / Q000032:analysis*; D005260:Female; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*; D005740:Gases / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009812:Odorants / Q000032:analysis*; D012867:Skin / Q000737:chemistry*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000447:Aldehydes; D005740:Gases; C013166:2-nonenal; D003931:Diacetyl
keywords: 2-Nonenal; Age; Body odor; Diacetyl; Human skin gas; Passive flux sampler