title: Population genomics studies identify signatures of global dispersal and drug resistance in Plasmodium vivax.
abstract: Plasmodium vivax is a major public health burden, responsible for the majority of malaria infections outside Africa. We explored the impact of demographic history and selective pressures on the P. vivax genome by sequencing 182 clinical isolates sampled from 11 countries across the globe, using hybrid selection to overcome human DNA contamination. We confirmed previous reports of high genomic diversity in P. vivax relative to the more virulent Plasmodium falciparum species; regional populations of P. vivax exhibited greater diversity than the global P. falciparum population, indicating a large and/or stable population. Signals of natural selection suggest that P. vivax is evolving in response to antimalarial drugs and is adapting to regional differences in the human host and the mosquito vector. These findings underline the variable epidemiology of this parasite species and highlight the breadth of approaches that may be required to eliminate P. vivax globally.
authors.affiliation: Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, Department of Biology, New York University, New York, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Daniel N
authors.initials: DN
authors.lastname: Hupalo
authors.affiliation: Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, Department of Biology, New York University, New York, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Zunping
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.affiliation: Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
authors.forename: Alexandre
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Melnikov
authors.affiliation: Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, Department of Biology, New York University, New York, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Patrick L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Sutton
authors.affiliation: Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rogov
authors.affiliation: Institute for Genomics and Evolutionary Medicine, Department of Biology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
authors.forename: Ananias
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Escalante
authors.affiliation: Caucaseco Scientific Research Center, Cali, Colombia.
authors.forename: Andrés F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Vallejo
authors.affiliation: Caucaseco Scientific Research Center, Cali, Colombia.
authors.forename: Sócrates
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Herrera
authors.affiliation: Caucaseco Scientific Research Center, Cali, Colombia.|Faculty of Health, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia.
authors.forename: Myriam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Arévalo-Herrera
authors.affiliation: Dalian Institute of Biotechnology, Dalian, Liaoning, China.
authors.forename: Qi
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.affiliation: Third Military Medical University, Shapingba, Chongqing, China.
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Entomology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA.
authors.forename: Liwang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.affiliation: US Naval Medical Research Unit No. 6, Callao, Peru.
authors.forename: Carmen M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Lucas
authors.affiliation: US Naval Medical Research Unit No. 6, Callao, Peru.
authors.forename: Salomon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Durand
authors.affiliation: US Naval Medical Research Unit No. 6, Callao, Peru.
authors.forename: Juan F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Sanchez
authors.affiliation: US Naval Medical Research Unit No. 6, Callao, Peru.
authors.forename: G Christian
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Baldeviano
authors.affiliation: US Naval Medical Research Unit No. 6, Callao, Peru.
authors.forename: Andres G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Lescano
authors.affiliation: Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research, Madang, Papua, New Guinea.
authors.forename: Moses
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Laman
authors.affiliation: Vector Borne Diseases Unit, Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research, Goroka, Papua New Guinea.|Division of Infection and Immunity, Walter &Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia.
authors.forename: Celine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Barnadas
authors.affiliation: Division of Population Health and Immunity, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.|Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Carlton, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: Alyssa
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Barry
authors.affiliation: Division of Population Health and Immunity, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.|Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Carlton, Victoria, Australia.|Institute of Global Health (ISGLOBAL), Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Ivo
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Mueller
authors.affiliation: Center for Global Health and Diseases, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
authors.forename: James W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Kazura
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Malaria Research Field Unit, Indian Council of Medical Research, National Institute of Epidemiology Campus, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: Alex
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Eapen
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Malaria Research Field Unit, Indian Council of Medical Research, National Institute of Epidemiology Campus, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: Deena
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kanagaraj
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Malaria Research, Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Neena
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Valecha
authors.affiliation: Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marcelo U
authors.initials: MU
authors.lastname: Ferreira
authors.affiliation: Mahidol Vivax Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
authors.forename: Wanlapa
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Roobsoong
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Tropical Medicine and Genetics, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
authors.forename: Wang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Nguitragool
authors.affiliation: Mahidol Vivax Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
authors.forename: Jetsumon
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sattabonkot
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Medicine Tropical Alexander von Humboldt, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru.|Departamento de Ciencias Celulares y Moleculares, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru.
authors.forename: Dionicia
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gamboa
authors.affiliation: Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
authors.forename: Margaret
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kosek
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Medicine Tropical Alexander von Humboldt, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru.|Departamento de Ciencias Celulares y Moleculares, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru.|Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.
authors.forename: Joseph M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Vinetz
authors.affiliation: Regional Centre for Research in Public Health, National Institute for Public Health, Tapachula, Chiapas, México.
authors.forename: Lilia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: González-Cerón
authors.affiliation: Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
authors.forename: Bruce W
authors.initials: BW
authors.lastname: Birren
authors.affiliation: Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
authors.forename: Daniel E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Neafsey
authors.affiliation: Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, Department of Biology, New York University, New York, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Jane M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Carlton
mesh_terms: D000962:Antimalarials / Q000494:pharmacology; D004351:Drug Resistance / Q000235:genetics*; D005819:Genetic Markers / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D016780:Malaria, Vivax / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics / Q000469:parasitology*; D056186:Metagenomics / Q000379:methods*; D010966:Plasmodium vivax / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics* / Q000472:pathogenicity; D012641:Selection, Genetic / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics*; D059467:Transcriptome / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D000962:Antimalarials; D005819:Genetic Markers