title: Sex differences in the response to resistance exercise training in older people.
abstract: Resistance exercise training is known to be effective in increasing muscle mass in older people. Acute measurement of protein metabolism data has indicated that the magnitude of response may differ between sexes. We compared adaptive responses in muscle mass and function to 18 weeks resistance exercise training in a cohort of older (>65 years) men and women. Resistance exercise training improved knee extensor maximal torque, 4 m walk time, time to complete five chair rises, muscle anatomical cross-sectional area (ACSA) and muscle quality with no effect on muscle fat/water ratio or plasma glucose, insulin, triacylglycerol, IL-6, and TNF-α Differences between sexes were observed for knee extensor maximal torque and muscle quality with greater increases observed in men versus women (P < 0.05). Maximal torque increased by 15.8 ± 10.6% in women and 41.7 ± 25.5% in men, whereas muscle quality increased by 8.8 ± 17.5% in women and by 33.7 ± 25.6% in men. In conclusion, this study has demonstrated a difference in the magnitude of adaptation, of some of the outcome measures employed, in response to 18 weeks of resistance exercise training between men and women. The mechanisms underlying this observation remain to be established.
authors.affiliation: Department of Life Sciences, University of Derby, Derby, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Mariasole
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Da Boit
authors.affiliation: Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Rachael
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sibson
authors.affiliation: Exeter MR Research Centre, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Judith R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Meakin
authors.affiliation: Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Richard M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Aspden
authors.affiliation: Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Thies
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia.
authors.forename: Arduino A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Mangoni
authors.affiliation: Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom stuart.gray@glasgow.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Stuart Robert
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Gray
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological; D000368:Aged; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D055070:Resistance Training; D012737:Sex Factors; D019415:Torque; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D007328:Insulin; D015850:Interleukin-6; D014280:Triglycerides; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
keywords: Aging; exercise; muscle adaptation; sexual dimorphism