title: Cytokine and Growth Factor Concentrations in Canine Autologous Conditioned Serum.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare cytokine and growth factor concentrations in canine autologous conditioned serum (ACS) to canine plasma.
  
  
  METHODS
  Experimental in vivo study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Client-owned, adult dogs (n=22).
  
  
  METHODS
  Blood collected from 16 medium to large breed dogs was used to produce ACS (Orthokine(®) vet irap 10 syringes) and citrated plasma (control). Canine-specific ELISA assays were run per manufacturers' instructions for interleukin (IL)-10, IL-4, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1, fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-2, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, IL-1β, and interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra). Serum, in addition to plasma and ACS, was collected from an additional 6 dogs for TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-1ra analysis (total of 22 dogs). Data were analyzed for differences in each cytokine concentration using pairwise comparisons between ACS, plasma, and serum using Wilcoxon signed-rank tests. Significance was set at P<.05.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was a large variability in growth factor and cytokine concentrations in ACS and plasma for individual dogs. There were no significant differences in IL-10, TNF-α, IGF-1, FGF-2, and TGF-β1 concentrations between ACS, plasma, and serum. The IL-1β concentrations in ACS (median, range 46.3 pg/mL, 0-828.8) and IL-4 (0.0 pg/mL, 0-244.1) were significantly higher than plasma (36.6 pg/mL, 0-657.1 and 0.0 pg/mL, 0-0, respectively). The IL-1ra concentration in ACS (median, range 3,458.9 pg/mL, 1,243.1-12,089.0) was significantly higher than plasma (692.3 pg/mL, 422.5-1,475.6). The IL-1ra:IL-1β ratio in ACS was significantly higher than plasma (39.9 vs. 7.2).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  IL-1ra concentrations in canine ACS were comparable to those published for people and horses and pro-inflammatory cytokines remained low in canine ACS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia.
authors.forename: Dominique M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Sawyere
authors.affiliation: Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia.
authors.forename: Otto I
authors.initials: OI
authors.lastname: Lanz
authors.affiliation: Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia.
authors.forename: Linda A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Dahlgren
authors.affiliation: Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia.
authors.forename: Sabrina L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Barry
authors.affiliation: Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia.
authors.forename: Anne C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Nichols
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Study Design and Statistical Analysis, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia.
authors.forename: Stephen R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Werre
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001804:Blood Transfusion, Autologous / Q000662:veterinary*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D004285:Dogs / Q000097:blood*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / Q000662:veterinary; D015870:Gene Expression; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D010949:Plasma / Q000737:chemistry*; D044967:Serum / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins