title: The Treatment of Liver Metastases in Patients with Neuroendocrine Tumors in 2012.
abstract: Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) comprise a heterogeneous group of tumors that form a distinct entity. Approximately 75-80% of patients present with liver metastases at the time of their diagnosis, and 20%-25% will develop these lesions in the course of their disease. The presence of secondary deposits in the liver significantly increases the morbidity and mortality in these patients. The only potentially curative treatment is the surgical resection of the primary tumor and hepatic lesions. However, only 10% of patients presents under ideal conditions for that approach. Several techniques aimed at localized liver lesions have been applied also with interesting results in terms of survival and symptom control. The same has been demonstrated with new systemic therapies (target therapies). However, these are still under study, in order to define their true role in the management of these patients. This paper intends to address, in a general way, the various treatment options in patients with liver metastases from neuroendocrine tumors.
authors.affiliation: Oncology Division, Hospital de Santa Maria, Lisbon, Portugal.
authors.forename: Daniela
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-9681-1224
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Macedo
authors.affiliation: Oncology Division, Hospital de Santa Maria, Lisbon, Portugal.
authors.forename: Teresa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Amaral
authors.affiliation: Oncology Division, Hospital de Santa Maria, Lisbon, Portugal; Instituto de Medicina Molecular, University of Lisbon, Portugal.
authors.forename: Isabel
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Fernandes
authors.affiliation: Oncology Division, Hospital de Santa Maria, Lisbon, Portugal.
authors.forename: Ana Rita
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Sousa
authors.affiliation: Oncology Division, Hospital de Santa Maria, Lisbon, Portugal.
authors.forename: Ana Lúcia
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Costa
authors.affiliation: Radiology Division, Hospital de Santa Maria, Lisbon AV Professor Egas Moniz, 1649-039 Lisbon, Portugal.
authors.forename: Isabel
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Távora
authors.affiliation: Oncology Division, Hospital de Santa Maria, Lisbon, Portugal.
authors.forename: António
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Quintela
authors.affiliation: Oncology Division, Hospital de Santa Maria, Lisbon, Portugal.
authors.forename: Paulo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Cortes
authors.affiliation: Oncology Division, Hospital de Santa Maria, Lisbon, Portugal; Instituto de Medicina Molecular, University of Lisbon, Portugal.
authors.forename: Luís
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Costa