title: An Evaluation of Permit L Local Anesthesia within Dental Hygiene Practice in Massachusetts.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this descriptive study was to assess data pertinent to the Permit L local anesthesia license among practicing dental hygienists in Massachusetts, providing an overview of characteristics, practice behaviors, barriers for obtaining the permit and self-perceived competency.
  
  
  METHODS
  A convenience sample of dental hygienists (n=6,167) identified through a publically available data base were invited to participate in a web-based survey. The survey consisted of demographic and Permit L specific questions. Items regarding opinions were rated using a 5-point Likert scale while frequencies and percentiles were used to evaluate demographics and practice-based information. Spearman's Rank correlation was performed to determine association between variables.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A 10% (n=615) response rate was attained with (n=245) non-Permit L holders and (n=370) Permit L holders. Respondents reported significant differences in demographics and opinions between non-Permit L holders and Permit L holders (p<0.01) and between those certified through continuing education or curriculum based programs (p<0.01). Significant relationships were found in demographics (p<0.01) and practice (p<0.05) items in relation to the length of time the Permit L has been held. Themes from the data and comments indicate multiple factors influencing obtaining or not obtaining the Permit L.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of this study provide an overview of Permit L local anesthesia administration that is generally comparable to previous studies and offers new insights into why some Massachusetts dental hygienists choose not to pursue certification. This study highlights the potential to increase the prevalence of the Permit L, address barriers to pursuing the Permit L, and further evaluate self-perceived barriers.
authors.forename: Katherine A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Soal
authors.forename: Linda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Boyd
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jenkins
authors.forename: Debra
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: November-Rider
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rothman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000772:Anesthesia, Local / Q000379:methods*; D002568:Certification; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003479:Curriculum; D003756:Dental Hygienists / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*; D004496:Education, Continuing / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008005:Licensure, Dental / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*; D008297:Male; D008404:Massachusetts; D008875:Middle Aged; D009910:Oral Hygiene / Q000379:methods*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: continuing education; dental hygienists; local anesthesia; professional delegation