title: Bile: miRNA pattern and protein-based biomarkers may predict acute cellular rejection after liver transplantation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Bile rather than blood depicts the local inflammation in the liver and may improve prediction and diagnosis of acute cellular rejection (ACR) after liver transplantation (OLT).
  
  
  METHODS
  Secretome and miRNAs were analyzed during the first two weeks and on clinical suspicion of ACR in the bile of 45 OLT recipients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Levels of CD44, CXCL9, miR-122, miR-133a, miR-148a and miR-194 were significantly higher in bile of patients who developed ACR within the first 6 months after OLT and during ACR.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Analysis of secretome and miRNA in bile could improve our understanding of the local inflammatory process during rejection.
authors.affiliation: a General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Experimental Surgery and Regenerative Medicine , Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin , Campus Virchow Klinikum , Berlin , Germany.
authors.forename: Rosa Bianca
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Schmuck
authors.affiliation: a General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Experimental Surgery and Regenerative Medicine , Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin , Campus Virchow Klinikum , Berlin , Germany.
authors.forename: Anja
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Reutzel-Selke
authors.affiliation: a General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Experimental Surgery and Regenerative Medicine , Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin , Campus Virchow Klinikum , Berlin , Germany.
authors.forename: Nathanael
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Raschzok
authors.affiliation: b Department of Visceral, Transplantation, Thoracic, and Vascular Surgery , Universitätsklinikum Leipzig , Leipzig , Germany.
authors.forename: Haluk Mehmet
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Morgul
authors.affiliation: a General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Experimental Surgery and Regenerative Medicine , Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin , Campus Virchow Klinikum , Berlin , Germany.
authors.forename: Benjamin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Struecker
authors.affiliation: a General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Experimental Surgery and Regenerative Medicine , Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin , Campus Virchow Klinikum , Berlin , Germany.
authors.forename: Steffen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lippert
authors.affiliation: a General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Experimental Surgery and Regenerative Medicine , Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin , Campus Virchow Klinikum , Berlin , Germany.
authors.forename: Cynthia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: de Carvalho Fischer
authors.affiliation: a General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Experimental Surgery and Regenerative Medicine , Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin , Campus Virchow Klinikum , Berlin , Germany.
authors.forename: Moritz
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schmelzle
authors.affiliation: a General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Experimental Surgery and Regenerative Medicine , Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin , Campus Virchow Klinikum , Berlin , Germany.
authors.forename: Sabine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Boas-Knoop
authors.affiliation: a General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Experimental Surgery and Regenerative Medicine , Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin , Campus Virchow Klinikum , Berlin , Germany.
authors.forename: Marcus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bahra
authors.affiliation: a General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Experimental Surgery and Regenerative Medicine , Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin , Campus Virchow Klinikum , Berlin , Germany.
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pascher
authors.affiliation: a General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Experimental Surgery and Regenerative Medicine , Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin , Campus Virchow Klinikum , Berlin , Germany.
authors.forename: Johann
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pratschke
authors.affiliation: a General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Experimental Surgery and Regenerative Medicine , Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin , Campus Virchow Klinikum , Berlin , Germany.
authors.forename: Igor M
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Sauer
mesh_terms: D001646:Bile / Q000737:chemistry*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D012634:Bodily Secretions / Q000737:chemistry; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000175:diagnosis*; D006801:Humans; D016031:Liver Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000032:analysis; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011506:Proteins / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D035683:MicroRNAs; D011506:Proteins
keywords: Immunosuppression; personalized medicine; risk stratification