title: Dissipation and adsorption of isoproturon, tebuconazole, chlorpyrifos and their main transformation products under laboratory and field conditions.
abstract: Assessment of dissipation constitutes an integral part of pesticides risk assessment since it provides an estimate of the level and the duration of exposure of the terrestrial ecosystem to pesticides. Within the frame of an overall assessment of the soil microbial toxicity of pesticides, we investigated the dissipation of a range of dose rates of three model pesticides, isoproturon (IPU), tebuconazole (TCZ), and chlorpyrifos (CHL), and the formation and dissipation of their main transformation products following a tiered lab-to-field approach. The adsorption of pesticides and their transformation products was also determined. IPU was the least persistent pesticide showing a dose-dependent increase in its persistence in both laboratory and field studies. CHL dissipation showed a dose-dependent increase under laboratory conditions and an exact opposite trend in the field. TCZ was the most persistent pesticide under lab conditions showing a dose-dependent decrease in its dissipation, whereas in the field TCZ exhibited a biphasic dissipation pattern with extrapolated DT90s ranging from 198 to 603.4days in the ×1 and ×2 dose rates, respectively. IPU was demethylated to mono- (MD-IPU) and di-desmethyl-isoproturon (DD-IPU) which dissipated following a similar pattern with the parent compound. CHL was hydrolyzed to 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCP) which dissipated showing a reverse dose-dependent pattern compared to CHL. Pesticides adsorption affinity increased in the order IPU<TCZ<CHL. IPU transformation products showed low affinity for soil adsorption, whereas TCP was weakly adsorbed compared to its parent compound. The temporal dissipation patterns of the pesticides and their transformation products will be used as exposure inputs for assessment of their soil microbial toxicity.
authors.affiliation: University of Thessaly, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Laboratory of Plant and Environmental Biotechnology, Larisa, Greece; Aeiforia srl, Spinoff Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fidenza, Italy.
authors.forename: Evangelia S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Papadopoulou
authors.affiliation: University of Thessaly, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Laboratory of Plant and Environmental Biotechnology, Larisa, Greece; Aeiforia srl, Spinoff Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fidenza, Italy.
authors.forename: Panagiotis A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Karas
authors.affiliation: Aeiforia srl, Spinoff Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fidenza, Italy; University of Patras, Department of Environmental and Natural Resources Management, Agrinio, Greece.
authors.forename: Sofia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nikolaki
authors.affiliation: Aeiforia srl, Spinoff Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fidenza, Italy; INRA, UMR 1347 Agroécologie, Dijon, France.
authors.forename: Veronika
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Storck
authors.affiliation: Aeiforia srl, Spinoff Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fidenza, Italy.
authors.forename: Federico
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ferrari
authors.affiliation: Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Instituto di Chimica Agraria ed Ambientale, Piacenza, Italy.
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Trevisan
authors.affiliation: University of Patras, Department of Environmental and Natural Resources Management, Agrinio, Greece.
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tsiamis
authors.affiliation: INRA, UMR 1347 Agroécologie, Dijon, France.
authors.forename: Fabrice
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Martin-Laurent
authors.affiliation: University of Thessaly, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Laboratory of Plant and Environmental Biotechnology, Larisa, Greece. Electronic address: dkarpouzas@bio.uth.gr.
authors.forename: Dimitrios G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Karpouzas
mesh_terms: D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D004390:Chlorpyrifos / Q000378:metabolism*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D005659:Fungicides, Industrial / Q000378:metabolism*; D006540:Herbicides / Q000378:metabolism*; D007306:Insecticides / Q000378:metabolism*; D010671:Phenylurea Compounds / Q000378:metabolism*; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000378:metabolism*; D014230:Triazoles / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D005659:Fungicides, Industrial; D006540:Herbicides; D007306:Insecticides; D010671:Phenylurea Compounds; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D014230:Triazoles; C087114:tebuconazole; C028904:isoproturon; D004390:Chlorpyrifos
keywords: Adsorption; Chlorpyrifos; Dissipation; Isoproturon; Lab-to-field assessment; Tebuconazole