title: Sex Differences in Cardiometabolic Risk Factors among Hispanic/Latino Youth.
abstract: To determine the prevalence of obesity and cardiometabolic risk in US Hispanic/Latino youth and examine whether there are disparities by sex in cardiometabolic risk factors.
  
  
  
  Study of Latino Youth is a population-based cross-sectional study of 1466 Hispanic/Latino youth (8-16 years old) who were recruited from 4 urban US communities (Bronx, NY, Chicago, IL, Miami, FL, and San Diego, CA) in 2012-2014. The majority of children were US-born (78%) and from low-income and immigrant families. Cardiometabolic risk factors were defined by the use of national age- and sex-specific guidelines.
  
  
  
  The prevalence of obesity was 26.5%. The prevalence of class II-III obesity, diabetes, and dyslipidemia was high (9.7%, 16.5%, and 23.3%, respectively). The prevalence of cardiometabolic risk factors increased with severity of obesity in both boys and girls. Boys had a greater prevalence of diabetes and of elevated blood pressure than girls (20.9% vs 11.8% and 8.5% vs 3.3%). In multivariable analyses, younger boys were more likely to have obesity class II-III than girls (OR 3.59; 95% CI 1.44-8.97). Boys were more likely to have prediabetes than girls (OR 2.02; 95% CI 1.35-3.02), and the association was stronger at older ages.
  
  
  
  The prevalence of cardiometabolic risk factors was high in this sample of Hispanic youth. Boys had a more adverse cardiometabolic profile compared with girls that may put them at higher risk of diabetes and cardiovascular disease later in life. Reasons for this disparity and the long-term clinical implications remain to be elucidated.
authors.affiliation: Department Epidemiology and Population Health Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY. Electronic address: carmen.isasi@einstein.yu.edu.
authors.forename: Carmen R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Isasi
authors.affiliation: Department Epidemiology and Population Health Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY.
authors.forename: Christina M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Parrinello
authors.affiliation: College of Health and Human Services, San Diego State University and the Institute for Behavioral and Community Health, San Diego, CA.
authors.forename: Guadalupe X
authors.initials: GX
authors.lastname: Ayala
authors.affiliation: University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL.
authors.forename: Alan M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Delamater
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Policy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC.
authors.forename: Krista M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Perreira
authors.affiliation: Institute for Minority Health Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL.
authors.forename: Martha L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Daviglus
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Public Health and Institute for Behavioral and Community Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA.
authors.forename: John P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Elder
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL.
authors.forename: Ashley N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Marchante
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC.
authors.forename: Shrikant I
authors.initials: SI
authors.lastname: Bangdiwala
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL.
authors.forename: Linda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Van Horn
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL.
authors.forename: Mercedes R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Carnethon
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*; D002648:Child; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006630:Hispanic or Latino; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008659:Metabolic Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*; D009765:Obesity / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D017678:Sex Distribution; D012737:Sex Factors; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology
keywords: CVD risk factors; Hispanic children; cardiometabolic risk factors; obesity; prediabetes