title: New insights into liquid chromatography for more eco-friendly analysis of pharmaceuticals.
abstract: Greening the analytical methods used for analysis of pharmaceuticals has been receiving great interest aimed at eliminating or minimizing the amount of organic solvents consumed daily worldwide without loss in chromatographic performance. Traditional analytical LC techniques employed in pharmaceutical analysis consume tremendous amounts of hazardous solvents and consequently generate large amounts of waste. The monetary and ecological impact of using large amounts of solvents and waste disposal motivated the analytical community to search for alternatives to replace polluting analytical methodologies with clean ones. In this context, implementing the principles of green analytical chemistry (GAC) in analytical laboratories is highly desired. This review gives a comprehensive overview on different green LC pathways for implementing GAC principles in analytical laboratories and focuses on evaluating the greenness of LC analytical procedures. This review presents green LC approaches for eco-friendly analysis of pharmaceuticals in industrial, biological, and environmental matrices. Graphical Abstract Green pathways of liquid chromatography for more eco-friendly analysis of pharmaceuticals.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Dammam, Dammam, Eastern Province, 31441, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Hsmohammed@ud.edu.sa.
authors.forename: Heba
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shaaban
mesh_terms: D002853:Chromatography, Liquid / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D055772:Green Chemistry Technology / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D057927:Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; D008904:Miniaturization / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations / Q000032:analysis* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D012997:Solvents / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations; D012997:Solvents
keywords: Eco-friendly analysis; Environment friendly LC; GAC principles; Green analytical chemistry; Green chromatography; Pharmaceutical analysis