title: The predictors of mortality and secular changes in management strategies in emphysematous gastritis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Emphysematous gastritis (EG) is caused by invasion of the gastric wall by gas-producing organisms and carries mortality rate up to 60%. Our investigation aimed to determine the predictors of survival and the secular trends in survival rates of subjects with EG.
  
  
  METHODS
  PubMed search was completed to identify previous cases of EG. In addition, we included a recent case from our center. Statistical analysis was completed with two-sided Chi2tests for categorical data and t-tests for continuous variables using SPSS v. 22.0 (SPSS Inc, Chicago, IL).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Study cohort included 59 adults. Mean age was 55.5 years; mean LOS was 28.6 days, and 44.1% of subjects were female. Subjects who had EG before 2000 had significantly higher rates of exploratory laparotomy compared to subjects who had EG after 2000 (62.5% vs. 22.2%, P=0.002). In contrast, subjects with EG after 2000 had significantly higher rates of EGD (55.6% vs. 18.8%, P=0.003) and lower rates of mortality (33.3% vs. 59.4%, P=0.046) compared to subjects with EG on or before 2000. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, the only independent predictor of mortality was length of stay (P=0.047).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We showed that previously reported 60% mortality rate of EG has been reduced to 33.3% for cases reported after 2000. EGD has been utilized more often while surgical interventions are used only in carefully selected cases. Our data suggests that early endoscopic evaluation and optimal medical management can perhaps continue to improve survival in subjects with EG.
authors.affiliation: University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, 840 South Wood Street, Suite 718E-M/C 716, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Watson
authors.affiliation: University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, 840 South Wood Street, Suite 718E-M/C 716, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
authors.forename: Vadim
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Bul
authors.affiliation: University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, 840 South Wood Street, Suite 718E-M/C 716, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
authors.forename: Jonas
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Staudacher
authors.affiliation: University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, 840 South Wood Street, Suite 718E-M/C 716, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Carroll
authors.affiliation: University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, 840 South Wood Street, Suite 718E-M/C 716, Chicago, IL 60612, USA. Electronic address: cyazic2@uic.edu.
authors.forename: Cemal
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yazici
mesh_terms: D058186:Acute Kidney Injury / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D041221:Candida glabrata / Q000302:isolation & purification; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000150:complications; D004646:Emphysema / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D004932:Esophageal and Gastric Varices / Q000209:etiology; D017809:Fatal Outcome; D016469:Fungemia / Q000150:complications; D005756:Gastritis / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D006975:Hypertension, Portal / Q000209:etiology; D016867:Immunocompromised Host; D008104:Liver Cirrhosis, Alcoholic / Q000150:complications; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009102:Multiple Organ Failure; D012307:Risk Factors; D013163:Splenomegaly / Q000209:etiology