title: Pattern Formation by Staphylococcus epidermidis via Droplet Evaporation on Micropillars Arrays at a Surface.
abstract: We evaluate the effect of epoxy surface structuring on the evaporation of water droplets containing Staphylococcus epidermidis (S. epidermidis). During evaporation, droplets with S. epidermidis cells yield to complex wetting patterns such as the zipping-wetting1-3 and the coffee-stain effects. Depending on the height of the microstructure, the wetting fronts propagate circularly or in a stepwise manner, leading to the formation of octagonal or square-shaped deposition patterns.4,5 We observed that the shape of the dried droplets has considerable influence on the local spatial distribution of S. epidermidis deposited between micropillars. These changes are attributed to an unexplored interplay between the zipping-wetting1 and the coffee-stain6 effects in polygonally shaped droplets containing S. epidermidis. Induced capillary flows during evaporation of S. epidermidis are modeled with polystyrene particles. Bacterial viability measurements for S. epidermidis show high viability of planktonic cells, but low biomass deposition on the microstructured surfaces. Our findings provide insights into design criteria for the development of microstructured surfaces on which bacterial propagation could be controlled, limiting the use of biocides.
authors.affiliation: Open Innovation Hub for Antimicrobial Surfaces at the Surface Science Research Centre and Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool , Oxford Street, L69 3BX Liverpool, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Susarrey-Arce
authors.affiliation: Institute of Fluid Mechanics and Aerodynamics, Bundeswehr University Munich , 85577 Neubiberg, Germany.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Marin
authors.affiliation: Open Innovation Hub for Antimicrobial Surfaces at the Surface Science Research Centre and Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool , Oxford Street, L69 3BX Liverpool, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Massey
authors.affiliation: Open Innovation Hub for Antimicrobial Surfaces at the Surface Science Research Centre and Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool , Oxford Street, L69 3BX Liverpool, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Oknianska
authors.affiliation: Open Innovation Hub for Antimicrobial Surfaces at the Surface Science Research Centre and Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool , Oxford Street, L69 3BX Liverpool, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Díaz-Fernandez
authors.affiliation: Physics of Fluids Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, J. M. Burgers Centre for Fluid Dynamics, University of Twente , P.O. Box 217, 7500AE Enschede, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Hernández-Sánchez
authors.affiliation: Open Innovation Hub for Antimicrobial Surfaces at the Surface Science Research Centre and Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool , Oxford Street, L69 3BX Liverpool, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Griffiths
authors.affiliation: Mesoscale Chemical Systems, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente , P.O. Box 217, 7500AE Enschede, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: J G E
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Gardeniers
authors.affiliation: Physics of Fluids Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, J. M. Burgers Centre for Fluid Dynamics, University of Twente , P.O. Box 217, 7500AE Enschede, The Netherlands.|Mesoscopic Transport Phenomena, Eindhoven University of Technology , Den Dolech 2, 5612 AZ Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Snoeijer
authors.affiliation: Physics of Fluids Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, J. M. Burgers Centre for Fluid Dynamics, University of Twente , P.O. Box 217, 7500AE Enschede, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Detlef
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lohse
authors.affiliation: Open Innovation Hub for Antimicrobial Surfaces at the Surface Science Research Centre and Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool , Oxford Street, L69 3BX Liverpool, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Raval
mesh_terms: D011137:Polystyrenes / Q000737:chemistry*; D013212:Staphylococcus epidermidis / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D011137:Polystyrenes; D014867:Water