title: Comparison of pain experience during 23-G vitreoretinal surgery under topical and retrobulbar anesthesia.
abstract: The objective of this study is to compare pain and discomfort scores of patients during 23-G vitreoretinal surgery under topical and retrobulbar anesthesia without using sedation. A total of 157 patients with various vitreoretinal disorders were included in this study. Patients were randomly divided into two groups: topical (group 1, n = 76) and retrobulbar anesthesia (group 2, n = 81). Patients underwent 23-G vitreoretinal surgery without using sedation. All patients rated the level of experienced pain during the surgical procedure using a visual analogue pain scale. Pain and discomfort scores while performing anesthesia were significantly higher in group 2 than group 1 (p < 0.001). Patients in group 1 experienced more pain than group 2 during trocar insertion, endolaser photocoagulation, and scleral indentation steps of surgery (for all; p < 0.001). There was no significant difference in overall pain and discomfort scores and surgeon comfort scores between groups (p = 0.163, p = 0.097; respectively). None of the patients required additional anesthesia or sedation during or after the procedure. Topical anesthesia without using sedation is a safe and effective, alternative method for 23-G vitreoretinal surgeries in selected patients with various vitreoretinal pathologies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology , School of Medicine, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, 27310, Turkey.
authors.forename: Alper
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mete
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology , School of Medicine, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, 27310, Turkey.
authors.forename: Oguzhan
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Saygılı
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology , School of Medicine, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, 27310, Turkey. sabitkimyon@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Sabit
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kimyon
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Hatem Private Hospital, Gaziantep, Turkey.
authors.forename: Can
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pamukcu
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology , School of Medicine, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, 27310, Turkey.
authors.forename: Seda
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Çeri
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology , School of Medicine, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, 27310, Turkey.
authors.forename: Kıvanç
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Güngör
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health , School of Medicine, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, 27310, Turkey.
authors.forename: Mithat
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Temizer
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000772:Anesthesia, Local / Q000379:methods*; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007267:Injections; D007432:Intraoperative Period; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009915:Orbit; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000517:prevention & control*; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D057586:Vitreoretinal Surgery / Q000379:methods*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D008012:Lidocaine
keywords: Pain; Retrobulbar anesthesia; Sedation; Topical anesthesia; Vitreoretinal surgery