title: Influence of religiosity and spiritual coping on health-related quality of life in Saudi haemodialysis patients.
abstract: Patients undergoing haemodialysis (HD) are frequently troubled by psychiatric disorders and coping problems, which can pose a serious threat to their physical and mental well-being. Using religious and spiritual interventions as a means of coping with physical and mental challenges is widely recognized. Although this topic has been well studied, in the Middle East regions, where Islam is the dominant religion, studies are limited. Thus, this study was performed to explore the influence of religiosity and spiritual coping (SC) on the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of Saudi patients receiving HD.
  
  
  
  A total of 168 HD patients from three hospitals in Saudi Arabia formed a convenient sample for this descriptive, cross-sectional hospital-based study. Data collection was done via questionnaire-guided interviews using the Muslim Religious Index as well as the Arabic Versions of the Spiritual Coping Strategies scale and Quality of Life Index Dialysis. Regression analysis enabled identification of the factors influencing HRQoL.
  
  
  
  Older patients were found to reveal higher levels of religiosity, whereas the younger ones expressed a lesser degree of religious and nonreligious coping. Unemployed patients reported greater involvement in religious practices (RP) and more frequently used religious coping than those employed. The latter showed lower intrinsic religiosity and nonreligious coping usage than the unemployed. The respondents reported the greatest satisfaction scores on their psychological/spiritual dimension and the least scores on the social and economic dimension. Therefore, the factors that could influence the HRQoL of the respondents were identified as involvement in RP, intrinsic religious beliefs, religious coping usage and age.
  
  
  
  This study revealed significant findings regarding the importance of religiosity and SC on the HRQoL of the Saudi HD patients. Therefore, it has been highly recommended to integrate religiosity into the health-care process for such patients to facilitate the achievement of overall optimum health levels.
authors.affiliation: Nursing Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Shaqra University, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Jonas Preposi
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Cruz
authors.affiliation: Nursing Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Shaqra University, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Paolo C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Colet
authors.affiliation: Nursing Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Shaqra University, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Nahed
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Alquwez
authors.affiliation: King Khalid University Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Ergie P
authors.initials: EP
authors.lastname: Inocian
authors.affiliation: Al-Quwayiyah General Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Raid Salman
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Al-Otaibi
authors.affiliation: Non-Communicable Diseases Initiative, International Center for Diarrhoeal Diseases Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh.|Diabetes Research, University of Munich, Munich, Germany.|NCD, Bangladesh University of Health Science, Dhaka, Bangladesh.|The George Institute for Global Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
authors.forename: Sheikh Mohammed Shariful
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Islam
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011788:Quality of Life; D012068:Religion and Medicine; D006435:Renal Dialysis / Q000523:psychology*; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000523:psychology*; D012529:Saudi Arabia; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Chronic kidney disease; Saudi Arabia; haemodialysis; quality of life; spirituality