title: The impact of surface chemistry modification on macrophage polarisation.
abstract: Macrophages are innate immune cells that have a central role in combating infection and maintaining tissue homeostasis. They exhibit remarkable plasticity in response to environmental cues. At either end of a broad activation spectrum are pro-inflammatory (M1) and anti-inflammatory (M2) macrophages with distinct functional and phenotypical characteristics. Macrophages also play a crucial role in orchestrating immune responses to biomaterials used in the fabrication of implantable devices and drug delivery systems. To assess the impact of different surface chemistries on macrophage polarisation, human monocytes were cultured for 6 days on untreated hydrophobic polystyrene (PS) and hydrophilic O2 plasma-etched polystyrene (O2-PS40) surfaces. Our data clearly show that monocytes cultured on the hydrophilic O2-PS40 surface are polarised towards an M1-like phenotype, as evidenced by significantly higher expression of the pro-inflammatory transcription factors STAT1 and IRF5. By comparison, monocytes cultured on the hydrophobic PS surface exhibited an M2-like phenotype with high expression of mannose receptor (MR) and production of the anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-10 and CCL18. While the molecular basis of such different patterns of cell differentiation is yet to be fully elucidated, we hypothesise that it is due to the adsorption of different biomolecules on these surface chemistries. Indeed our surface characterisation data show quantitative and qualitative differences between the protein layers on the O2-PS40 surface compared to PS surface which could be responsible for the observed differential macrophage polarisation on each surface.
authors.affiliation: Immunology and Tissue Modelling Group, Division of Immunology, School of Life Science, University of Nottingham, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK.
authors.forename: Hassan M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Rostam
authors.affiliation: Immunology and Tissue Modelling Group, Division of Immunology, School of Life Science, University of Nottingham, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK.
authors.forename: Sonali
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.affiliation: Immunology and Tissue Modelling Group, Division of Immunology, School of Life Science, University of Nottingham, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK.
authors.forename: Fabian
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Salazar
authors.affiliation: Interface and Surface Analysis Centre, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, UK.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Magennis
authors.affiliation: Interface and Surface Analysis Centre, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, UK.
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hook
authors.affiliation: Interface and Surface Analysis Centre, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, UK.
authors.forename: Taranjit
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.affiliation: Protip Medical, 8 Place de l'Hôpital, 67000 Strasbourg, France; INSERM UMR 1121, 11 rue Humann, 67085 Strasbourg, France.
authors.forename: Nihal E
authors.initials: NE
authors.lastname: Vrana
authors.affiliation: Interface and Surface Analysis Centre, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, UK.
authors.forename: Morgan R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Alexander
authors.affiliation: Immunology and Tissue Modelling Group, Division of Immunology, School of Life Science, University of Nottingham, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK. Electronic address: amir.ghaemmaghami@nottingham.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Amir M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Ghaemmaghami
mesh_terms: D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000276:immunology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis; D015870:Gene Expression; D006801:Humans; D057927:Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism; D037181:Lectins, C-Type / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D039841:Leukocyte L1 Antigen Complex / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008262:Macrophage Activation / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D008264:Macrophages / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D000090323:Mannose Receptor; D037241:Mannose-Binding Lectins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D009000:Monocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D011137:Polystyrenes / Q000737:chemistry; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D013499:Surface Properties
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D037181:Lectins, C-Type; D039841:Leukocyte L1 Antigen Complex; D000090323:Mannose Receptor; D037241:Mannose-Binding Lectins; D011137:Polystyrenes; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface
keywords: Biomaterials; Foreign body response; M1; M2; Macrophage; Macrophage polarisation; Monocyte; Oxygen plasma etching; Surface chemistry; Water contact angle