title: Screening, prevalence and ethnic variation of diabetes mellitus in people with acute stroke and transient ischaemic attack: a cross-sectional study in Northland, New Zealand.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess our prevalence and screening rate for diabetes and pre-diabetes in people presenting with acute stroke and transient ischaemic attack (TIA) in Northland, New Zealand, as well as identifying discrepancies between M&#257;ori and non-M&#257;ori, rates of atrial fibrillation (AF) and effect of metformin on stroke.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data was collected retrospectively on people diagnosed with stroke or TIA in Northland, between 1 January 2014 and 31 December 2014.
  
  
  RESULTS
  345 people presented with acute stroke/TIA. 49.5% had dysglycaemia: 24.3% diabetes, 25.2% pre-diabetes. An HbA1c was performed on 70.4%. M&#257;ori had more diabetes (41.6%) than non-M&#257;ori (19.4%), with an HbA1c 12 mmol/mol (3.2%) higher, and were 12 years younger on average. There was no difference in AF prevalence between people with and without diabetes, and in the proportion of severe stroke (total anterior circulation infarction) between people with diabetes on metformin and those not.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The prevalence of dysglycaemia in acute stroke/TIA in Northland is high. The goal of universal HbA1c screening in stroke is not being met. M&#257;ori have stroke younger, and a higher prevalence of diabetes may partially explain this. No association between diabetes and AF was found, nor evidence that metformin may be protective against larger strokes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Northland District Health Board, Whangarei Hospital, Maunu Road, Maunu, Whangarei 0110, New Zealand. stevewong.nz@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Steven Wm
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: Nicole N
authors.initials: NN
authors.lastname: McGrath
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001281:Atrial Fibrillation / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000208:ethnology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000208:ethnology / Q000378:metabolism; D005006:Ethnicity / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D002546:Ischemic Attack, Transient / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening; D008875:Middle Aged; D009520:New Zealand / Q000453:epidemiology; D011236:Prediabetic State / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000208:ethnology; D015995:Prevalence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000208:ethnology; D020521:Stroke / Q000453:epidemiology*; D044465:White People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data
chemical_list: D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; C517652:hemoglobin A1c protein, human