title: The neuroprotective effect of apelin-13 in a mouse model of intracerebral hemorrhage.
abstract: Adipocytokine apelin-13 is a peptide which could reportedly protect the brain against ischemic reperfusion injury and traumatic brain injury (TBI). Whether apelin-13 has any roles to play in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) has not been clarified. We aimed to investigate the roles of apelin-13 in ICH and effects on ICH-induced apoptosis. Firstly, CD-1 mice were subjected to infusion of Type IV collagenase (to induce ICH) or saline (for shams) into the left striatum. ICH animals received intracerebroventricular administration of vehicle, apelin-13 (50μg dissolved in 5μl saline) immediately after ICH. The motor function and the cerebral water content (CWC) as well as blood brain barrier (BBB) disruption were measured, coupled with determination of ICH-induced neural cell death by Terminal-deoxynucleoitidyl Transferase Mediated Nick End Labeling (TUNEL). The apoptosis-associated proteins caspase-3 and Bcl-2 as well as the brain edema-associated proteins aquaporin-4 (AQP4) and MMP-9 were all assessed with western blotting. The results showed that apelin-13 decreased CWC and reduced Evans blue leakage into injured hemispheres, with the motor function significantly improved. Additionally, apelin-13 also acutely decreased the number of ICH-induced TUNEL-positive (TUNEL(+)) cells at 48h after ICH. The expressions of AQP4, MMP-9, caspse-3 and Bcl-2 were all downregulated by apelin-13 at 24h and 48h after ICH. All these results revealed that apelin-13 attenuated brain edema and reduced cellular death by suppressing apoptosis after ICH in mice.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.
authors.forename: Haijun
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bao
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.
authors.forename: Xiaofang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.
authors.forename: YuXiu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.
authors.forename: Haiyang
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Qiu
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.
authors.forename: Genping
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.
authors.forename: Hua
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.affiliation: Department of Forensic Medicine, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China. Electronic address: 55752663@qq.com.
authors.forename: Jinxia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kuai
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D001812:Blood-Brain Barrier / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D001929:Brain Edema / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D002543:Cerebral Hemorrhage / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000187:drug effects; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; C495199:apelin-13 peptide
keywords: Apelin-13; Apoptosis; Intracerebral hemorrhage