title: Isavuconazole absorption following oral administration in healthy subjects is comparable to intravenous dosing, and is not affected by food, or drugs that alter stomach pH.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Two openlabel, single-dose, randomized crossover studies and one open-label, multiple-dose, parallel group study in healthy volunteers were conducted with the prodrug, isavuconazonium sulfate, to determine absolute bioavailability of the active triazole, isavuconazole (EudraCT 2007-004949-15; n = 14), and the effect of food (EudraCT 2007- 004940-63; n = 26), and pH (NCT02128893; n = 24) on the absorption of isavuconazole. Isavuconazonium sulfate 744 mg designed to deliver 400 mg of the active triazole isavuconazole was administered in the absolute bioavailability (oral or intravenous (IV) (2-hour infusion)) and food-effect studies (oral). In the pH-effect study, isavuconazonium sulfate 372 mg designed to deliver 200 mg of isavuconazole was administered orally three times daily (t.i.d.) for 2 days, followed by a single daily oral dose for 3 days, in the presence of steady state esomeprazole dosed orally at 40 mg/day.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Isavuconazole was well tolerated in each study. Bioavailability: Geometric least squares mean ratios (GLSMR; oral/IV) for isavuconazole AUC∞, and Cmax were 98% (90% confidence interval (CI): 94, 101) and 78% (90% CI: 72, 85), respectively. Food-effect: GLSMR (fed/fasted) for AUC∞ and Cmax of isavuconazole in plasma were 110% (90% CI: 102, 118) and 92% (90% CI: 86, 98), respectively. Median tmax was 5 hours with food and 3 hours under fasted conditions. pH-effect: GLSMR for isavuconazole AUCtau and Cmax were 108% (90% CI: 89, 130) and 105% (90% CI: 89, 124), respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Orally administered isavuconazonium sulfate effectively delivers isavuconazole, as evidenced by the fact that oral isavuconazole is bioequivalent to the IV formulation. Dose adjustments are not required when switching between oral and IV formulations, regardless of food or drugs that increase gastric pH.
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schmitt-Hoffmann
authors.forename: Amit
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Desai
authors.forename: Donna
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kowalski
authors.forename: Helene
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Pearlman
authors.forename: Takao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamazaki
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Townsend
mesh_terms: D061605:Administration, Intravenous; D000284:Administration, Oral; D000328:Adult; D001682:Biological Availability; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004347:Drug Interactions; D005260:Female; D018565:Food-Drug Interactions; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009570:Nitriles / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D011725:Pyridines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D013270:Stomach / Q000737:chemistry; D014230:Triazoles / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*
chemical_list: D009570:Nitriles; D011725:Pyridines; D014230:Triazoles; C508735:isavuconazole