title: The Safety Property of β-D-Mannuronic Acid (M2000) as a Novel Immunosuppressive Agent on Differentiation, Maturation and Function of Human Dendritic Cells.
abstract: The study's background and aim: In this investigation, the safety property of M2000 (β-D-mannuronic acid) on differentiation, maturation and function of dendritic cells, was determined. β-D-mannuronic acid, as a novel immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory agent, has been tested in various experimental models. In addition, DC-based immunosuppressive drugs can suppress the progression of autoimmune diseases, although, their notable side effects in increasing the risk of infectious diseases and cancers should be considered.
  
  
  
  The effect of M2000 on differentiation, maturation and function of dendritic cells was examined. To investigate how M2000 affects human dendritic cells (DC) in a defined inflammatory environment, human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were isolated from healthy blood and monocytes were purified using anti-CD14 microbeads. Monocytes were incubated with M2000 in two different doses (6 and 12 J.g/well) along with adding the granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and interleukin-4 for inducing monocytes to immature DC and lipopolysaccharide for running DC maturation. The differentiation, maturation and function of dendritic cells were examined with flow cytometry and ELISA method.
  
  
  
  The results demonstrate that M2000 has no significant side on differentiation, maturation and function of dendritic cells in immature DC and mature DC process in vitro.
  
  
  
  Our findings show that β-D-mannuronic acid (m2000) as a safe agent had no adverse effect on differentiation, maturation and function of dendritic cells which might be recommended as a novel immunosuppressive agent with no or fewer side effects in increasing the risk of infectious diseases and cancers.
authors.forename: Nazanin A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Fard
authors.forename: Nakisa
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tabrizian
authors.forename: Reza
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mirzaei
authors.forename: Nasrin
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Motamed
authors.forename: Farzaneh T
authors.initials: FT
authors.lastname: Zavareh
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Abbas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mirshafiey
mesh_terms: D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D006603:Hexuronic Acids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D006603:Hexuronic Acids; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; C008324:mannuronic acid