title: The effect of lactational mastitis on the macronutrient content of breast milk.
abstract: Mastitis in lactating mothers reduces milk production and alters the cellular composition of milk. Changes occurring in the mammary gland during the inflammatory response are believed to increase the permeability of the blood-milk barrier. This study examined the effect of mastitis during lactation on the macronutrient content of breast milk.
  
  
  
  The study was conducted at Zekai Tahir Burak Maternity Teaching Hospital. Transitional breast milk samples were obtained from term lactating mothers with or without mastitis. Milk protein, fat, carbohydrate, and energy levels were measured using a mid-infrared human milk analyzer.
  
  
  
  The study recruited 30 term lactating mothers: 15 mothers diagnosed with mastitis and 15 healthy mothers. The characteristics of the mothers in both groups were similar. Fat, carbohydrate, and energy levels were statistically lower in the milk samples of mothers with mastitis compared with the mothers without mastitis.
  
  
  
  Lactational mastitis was associated with lower breast milk fat, carbohydrate, and energy levels. The local inflammatory response induced by cytokines and increased blood-milk barrier permeability might account for the changes in the fat, carbohydrate, and energy levels of human milk.
authors.affiliation: Division of Neonatology, Zekai Tahir Burak Maternity Teaching Hospital, Ankara, Turkey. Electronic address: birgullivasay@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Birgul
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Say
authors.affiliation: Division of Neonatology, Zekai Tahir Burak Maternity Teaching Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Evrim Alyamaç
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Dizdar
authors.affiliation: Division of Neonatology, Zekai Tahir Burak Maternity Teaching Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Halil
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Degirmencioglu
authors.affiliation: Division of Neonatology, Zekai Tahir Burak Maternity Teaching Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Nurdan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Uras
authors.affiliation: Division of Neonatology, Zekai Tahir Burak Maternity Teaching Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Fatma Nur
authors.initials: FN
authors.lastname: Sari
authors.affiliation: Division of Neonatology, Zekai Tahir Burak Maternity Teaching Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Suna
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Oguz
authors.affiliation: Division of Neonatology, Zekai Tahir Burak Maternity Teaching Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Fuat Emre
authors.initials: FE
authors.lastname: Canpolat
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007774:Lactation / Q000378:metabolism*; D008055:Lipids / Q000032:analysis; D008413:Mastitis / Q000378:metabolism*; D018977:Micronutrients / Q000032:analysis; D008894:Milk Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D008895:Milk, Human / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D008055:Lipids; D018977:Micronutrients; D008894:Milk Proteins
keywords: Breast milk; Human milk analyzer; Lactation; Macronutrient; Mastitis