title: [Trichophyton violaceum : Main cause of tinea capitis in children at Mbarara Regional Referral Hospital in Uganda].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Tinea capitis is caused by anthropophilic, zoophilic or geophilic dermatophytes of the genera Microsporum or Trichophyton.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to analyze the clinical presentation of tinea capitis among children in western Uganda.
  
  
  METHODS
  From February to June 2012, skin and hair samples were obtained from 115 patients aged from 1 to 16 years presenting at Mbarara Regional Referral Hospital (MUSC) with clinically suspected tinea capitis. Conventional mycological diagnostics comprised Blancophor preparation and cultivation of fungi for species identification.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Tinea capitis among the children included in the MUSC study was mainly noninflammatory showing mostly a seborrhoeic pattern or "black dot" and "gray patch" form and highly inflammatory kerion celsi. Blancophor preparation identified 82.6 % positive and 17.4 % negative samples. Cultural species differentiation showed Trichophyton (T.) violaceum as the causative agent for tinea capitis in 56.6 % of the patients. In 13 %, Microsporum (M.) audouinii was isolated followed by T. soudanense (2.6 %), and T. rubrum (1.7 %). In addition, moulds (contamination?) such as Scopulariopsis brevicaulis, Aspergillus niger, and Fusarium oxysporum were found as well as mixed infections.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The anthropophilic dermatophyte T. violaceum represents the most frequent cause of tinea capitis in western Uganda. For successful management oral antifungal therapy is necessary together with supportive topical treatment.
authors.affiliation: Klinik für Hautkrankheiten, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Erfurter Str. 35, 07740, Jena, Deutschland. C.Wiegand@med.uni-jena.de.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wiegand
authors.affiliation: Klinik für Hautkrankheiten, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Erfurter Str. 35, 07740, Jena, Deutschland.|Dept. of Dermatology, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mugisha
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Dermatology, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda.
authors.forename: G K
authors.initials: GK
authors.lastname: Mulyowa
authors.affiliation: Klinik für Hautkrankheiten, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Erfurter Str. 35, 07740, Jena, Deutschland.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Elsner
authors.affiliation: Klinik für Hautkrankheiten, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Erfurter Str. 35, 07740, Jena, Deutschland.
authors.forename: U C
authors.initials: UC
authors.lastname: Hipler
authors.affiliation: Konsiliarlabor für Dermatophyten, Institut für Mikrobiologie und Hygiene, Universitätsmedizin Berlin-Charité, Berlin, Deutschland.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Gräser
authors.affiliation: Labor für medizinische Mikrobiologie, Mölbis, Deutschland.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Uhrlaß
authors.affiliation: Labor für medizinische Mikrobiologie, Mölbis, Deutschland.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Nenoff
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006764:Hospitals, Community / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D015995:Prevalence; D012017:Referral and Consultation / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012307:Risk Factors; D013045:Species Specificity; D014005:Tinea / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D014006:Tinea Capitis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014249:Trichophyton / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D014454:Uganda / Q000453:epidemiology
keywords: Dermatophytes; Fungi; Kerion celsi; Microsporum audouinii; Therapy