title: Volunteer Case Series of a New Telemetric Sensor for Blood Detection in the Upper Gastrointestinal Tract: The HemoPill.
abstract: An acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding event is an emergency situation which requires immediate endoscopic assessment and treatment. A new telemetric real-time intracorporeal bleeding sensor can help in the timely diagnosis of an acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding event: The sensor capsule, HemoPill, is swallowed by the patient if gastrointestinal bleeding is suspected. Information about the bleeding status is displayed by telemetric communication of the capsule with an extracorporeal receiver. This is the first evaluation of the HemoPill to detect blood in the upper human gastrointestinal tract.
  
  
  
  A voluntary test person ate a defined meal with or without the adjunct of his own blood for a total of eight times and afterward swallowed the sensor capsule. The collected spectrometric receiver data were analyzed to assess whether the sensor system was capable of detecting blood and to evaluate the effect of stomach content as an artifact.
  
  
  
  With its optical sensor, the HemoPill was able to reliably indicate the ingested blood in the stomach. The data transmission from the swallowed sensor capsule to the extracorporeal receiver was achieved consistently. The evaluation of diverse concentrations of ingested blood and the respective sensor signals led to an exponential relationship of these variables. This relationship allows to define thresholds for categories indicating the likelihood of blood presence in the gastrointestinal tract.
  
  
  
  The HemoPill is a valuable tool to detect an acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding event without the need of endoscopy.
authors.affiliation: Ovesco Endoscopy AG, Dorfackerstr. 26, 72074, Tuebingen, Germany. sebastian.schostek@ovesco.com.
authors.forename: Sebastian
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Schostek
authors.affiliation: Ovesco Endoscopy AG, Dorfackerstr. 26, 72074, Tuebingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Melanie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zimmermann
authors.affiliation: Ovesco Endoscopy AG, Dorfackerstr. 26, 72074, Tuebingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Keller
authors.affiliation: Ovesco Endoscopy AG, Dorfackerstr. 26, 72074, Tuebingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fode
authors.affiliation: Ovesco Endoscopy AG, Dorfackerstr. 26, 72074, Tuebingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Melbert
authors.affiliation: Ovesco Endoscopy AG, Dorfackerstr. 26, 72074, Tuebingen, Germany.|IHCI Institute, Steinbeis University Berlin, Tuebingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Marc O
authors.initials: MO
authors.lastname: Schurr
authors.affiliation: Ovesco Endoscopy AG, Dorfackerstr. 26, 72074, Tuebingen, Germany.|Medical Faculty, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Gottwald
authors.affiliation: St. Anna Klinik and Proctological Institute Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany.
authors.forename: Ruediger L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Prosst
mesh_terms: D004935:Esophageal Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis*; D006471:Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage / Q000175:diagnosis*; D064368:Healthy Volunteers; D006801:Humans; D061848:Optical Imaging / Q000295:instrumentation*; D013272:Stomach Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis*; D013686:Telemetry / Q000295:instrumentation*
keywords: Capsule; Gastrointestinal bleeding; LED; Sensor; Telemetry