title: Cigarette smoking, cutaneous vasculature and tissue oxygen: an overview.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This is an overview of the effects of cigarette smoking on the cutaneous blood flow and tissue oxygen.
  
  
  METHODS
  Published reports on the use of bioengineering methods to evaluate the above are reviewed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is no one ideal method for studying the effect of cigarette smoking on the cutaneous vasculature. All studies suggest that smoking decreases cutaneous blood flow, but it is not certain if this effect is site-specific. The tissue oxygen lowering effect of smoking could not be confirmed in all studies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Y H
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Leow
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA.
authors.forename: H I
authors.initials: HI
authors.lastname: Maibach
keywords: bioengineering methods; cigarette smoking; hypoxia; microcirculation; vasoconstriction