title: Endovascular Neurosurgery: Personal Experience and Future Perspectives.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  From Luessenhop's early clinical experience until the present day, experimental methods have been introduced to make progress in endovascular neurosurgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  A personal historical narrative, spanning the 1980s to 2010s, with a review of past opportunities, current problems, and future perspectives.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Although the technology has significantly improved, our clinical culture remains a barrier to methodologically sound and safe innovative care and progress.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We must learn how to safely practice endovascular neurosurgery in the presence of uncertainty and verify patient outcomes in real time.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada. Electronic address: jean.raymond@Umontreal.ca.
authors.forename: Jean
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Raymond
mesh_terms: D057510:Endovascular Procedures / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods / Q000639:trends*; D005544:Forecasting; D006801:Humans; D019060:Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods / Q000639:trends*; D009493:Neurosurgery / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods / Q000639:trends*; D019635:Neurosurgical Procedures / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods / Q000639:trends*
keywords: Care trial; Clinical trial methodology; Innovations; Preclinical research