title: Rosmarinus officinalis L. extract ameliorates intestinal inflammation through MAPKs/NF-κB signaling in a murine model of acute experimental colitis.
abstract: We investigated the anti-inflammatory and anti-colitis effects of Rosmarinus officinalis L. extract (RE) by using both in vitro LPS-activated mouse RAW 264.7 macrophages and in vivo dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced experimental murine colitis and suggested the underlying possible mechanisms. Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis was performed to identify the major components present in the RE. The clinical signs, biochemistry, immunoblot, ELISA and histology in colon tissues were assessed in order to elucidate the beneficial effect of RE. RE suppressed the LPS-induced pro-inflammatory cytokine production and the expressions of inflammatory proteins in macrophages. Administration of RE (50 and 100 mg kg(-1)) also significantly reduced the severity of DSS-induced murine colitis, as assessed by the clinical symptoms, colon length and histology. RE administration prevented the DSS-induced activation of p38, ERK and JNK MAPKs, attenuated IκBα phosphorylation and subsequent nuclear translocation and DNA binding of NF-κB (p65). RE also suppressed the COX-2 and iNOS expressions, decreased the levels of TNF-α and IL-6 cytokines and the myeloperoxidase activity in the colon tissue. Histological observation revealed that RE administration alleviated mucosal damage and inflammatory cell infiltration induced by DSS in the colon tissue. Hence, RE could be used as a new preventive and therapeutic food ingredient or as a dietary supplement for inflammatory bowel disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Genetics, College of Science and Technology, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam 530003, India. gsudhakar2002@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Kanakaraju
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Medicherla
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Genetics, College of Science and Technology, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam 530003, India. gsudhakar2002@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Avanee
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ketkar
authors.affiliation: Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (IICT), Hyderabad 500 007, India. sistla@iict.res.in.
authors.forename: Bidya Dhar
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Sahu
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Genetics, College of Science and Technology, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam 530003, India. gsudhakar2002@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Godi
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sudhakar
authors.affiliation: Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (IICT), Hyderabad 500 007, India. sistla@iict.res.in.
authors.forename: Ramakrishna
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sistla
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000818:Animals; D003092:Colitis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D003106:Colon / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D016264:Dextran Sulfate; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D009195:Peroxidase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D010766:Phosphorylation; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000067996:RAW 264.7 Cells; D027542:Rosmarinus / Q000737:chemistry*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D015850:Interleukin-6; D016328:NF-kappa B; D010936:Plant Extracts; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; C577686:interleukin-6, mouse; D016264:Dextran Sulfate; D009195:Peroxidase; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; C496317:Nos2 protein, mouse; C077623:Ptgs2 protein, mouse; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2