title: Evaluation of CEDIA and DRI Drugs of Abuse Immunoassays for Urine Screening on a Thermo Indiko Plus Analyzer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  For analysis of urine samples during abstinence control for driving ability assessment (medical and psychological assessment, MPA), a reliable screening method for ethyl glucuronide and drugs of abuse (cannabinoids, opiates, cocaine, amphetamines, methadone, and benzodiazepines) is needed.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this study CEDIA and DRI immunoassays were applied on a Thermo Fisher Scientific Indiko Plus analyzer. Precision and accuracy as well as sensitivity and specificity at the required cut-offs for the MPA were evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The specificity was satisfactory and ranged from 91% for methamphetamine to 100% for opiates, cocaine metabolite, amphetamine, EDDP, and benzodiazepines. Moreover, sensitivity was 100% for all assays except for cannabinoids (91%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The presented method can therefore be recommended for abstinence control.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Forensic Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Katharina M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Köhler
authors.affiliation: Institute for Forensic Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Raija
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hammer
authors.affiliation: Institute for Forensic Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Kathrin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Riedy
authors.affiliation: Institute for Forensic Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Volker
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Auwärter
authors.affiliation: Institute for Forensic Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Merja A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Neukamm
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D013287:Illicit Drugs / Q000652:urine*; D007118:Immunoassay / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*; D057230:Limit of Detection; D008403:Mass Screening; D011786:Quality Control; D012015:Reference Standards; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D013287:Illicit Drugs
keywords: abstinence control; diagnostic tests; ethyl glucuronide; forensic toxicology