title: Cytotoxicity and Apoptotic Effects of Polyphenols from Sugar Beet Molasses on Colon Carcinoma Cells in Vitro.
abstract: Three polyphenols were isolated and purified from sugar beet molasses by ultrasonic-aid extraction and various chromatographic techniques, and their structures were elucidated by spectral analysis. Cytotoxicity and the molecular mechanism were measured by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay, flow cytometry, caspase-3 activity assay and Western blot assay. The results showed that gallic acid, cyanidin-3-O-glucoside chloride and epicatechin have cytotoxicity to the human colon, hepatocellular and breast cancer cells. Cyanidin-3-O-glucoside chloride showed its cytotoxicity against various tumor cell lines, particularly against colon cancer Caco-2 cells with half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) value of 23.21 ± 0.14 μg/mL in vitro. Cyanidin-3-O-glucoside chloride may be a potential candidate for the treatment of colon cancer. In the mechanism study, cyanidin-3-O-glucoside chloride increased the ratio of cell cycle at G₀/G₁ phase and reduced cyclin D1 expression on Caco-2 cells. Cyanidin-3-O-glucoside chloride decreased mutant p21 expression, and increased the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 and the activation of caspase-3 to induce apoptosis.
authors.affiliation: College of Light Industry and Food Sciences, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China. chenshun1221@163.com.
authors.forename: Mingshun
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: College of Light Industry and Food Sciences, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China. fezzg@scut.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Zhengang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: College of Light Industry and Food Sciences, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China. lfshjyu@scut.edu.cn.|Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China. lfshjyu@scut.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Shujuan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yu
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D027461:Beta vulgaris / Q000737:chemistry*; D018938:Caco-2 Cells; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000378:metabolism*; D059447:Cell Cycle Checkpoints; D003110:Colonic Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism*; D019938:Cyclin D1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D056945:Hep G2 Cells; D006801:Humans; D061986:MCF-7 Cells; D008965:Molasses; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D059808:Polyphenols / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D010936:Plant Extracts; D059808:Polyphenols; D019938:Cyclin D1
keywords: Caco-2; apoptosis; cytotoxicity; polyphenols; sugar beet molasses