title: Risk factors associated with Campylobacter detected by PCR in humans and animals in rural Cambodia.
abstract: Campylobacter are worldwide-occurring zoonotic bacteria, with the species Campylobacter jejuni and C. coli commonly associated with diarrhoea in children in low-income countries. In this cross-sectional study, the prevalence of C. jejuni and C. coli in human and livestock faecal samples was detected by PCR and zoonotic risk factors associated with human Campylobacter positivity were identified. In total 681 humans and 753 livestock (chickens, ducks, pigs, cattle) from 269 households were sampled. Children aged <16 years were more frequently Campylobacter positive (19%) than adults (8%) and multilevel logistic models revealed that human C. jejuni positivity was associated with the following household practices: home-slaughtering [odds ratio (OR) 2·4, P = 0·01], allowing animals access to sleeping and food preparation areas (OR 2·8, P = 0·02), and eating undercooked meat (OR 6·6, P = 0·05), while frequent consumption of beef was protective (OR 0·9, P = 0·05). Associations were stronger for home-slaughtering (OR 4·9, P = 0·004) with C. jejuni infection in children only. Campylobacter was highly prevalent in pigs (72%) and chickens (56%) and risk factors associated with human Campylobacter positivity were identified throughout the meat production chain. The findings underline the importance of studying source attributions throughout the production chain and the need for upgraded understanding of Campylobacter epidemiology in low-income countries.
authors.affiliation: Division of Reproduction,Department of Clinical Sciences,Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU),Uppsala,Sweden.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Osbjer
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health,SLU,Uppsala,Sweden.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Boqvist
authors.affiliation: Centre for Livestock and Agriculture Development,Phnom Penh,Cambodia.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sokerya
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Public Health,Phnom Penh,Cambodia.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Chheng
authors.affiliation: National Veterinary Research Institute,Phnom Penh,Cambodia.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: San
authors.affiliation: National Veterinary Research Institute,Phnom Penh,Cambodia.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Davun
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Sciences,Clinical Microbiology,Uppsala University,Uppsala,Sweden.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Rautelin
authors.affiliation: Division of Reproduction,Department of Clinical Sciences,Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU),Uppsala,Sweden.
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Magnusson
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000818:Animals; D002160:Cambodia / Q000453:epidemiology; D002169:Campylobacter Infections / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D017000:Campylobacter coli / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D016123:Campylobacter jejuni / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005243:Feces / Q000382:microbiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D058751:Livestock; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011200:Poultry; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012424:Rural Population; D055815:Young Adult; D015047:Zoonoses / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology
keywords: Epidemiology; household practice; prevalence; rural household; zoonosis