title: Efficacy of Entomopathogenic Nematodes and Sprayable Polymer Gel Against Crucifer Flea Beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) on Canola.
abstract: The crucifer flea beetle, Phyllotreta cruciferae (Goeze), is a key pest of canola (Brassica napus L.) in the northern Great Plains of North America. The efficacies of entomopathogenic nematodes (Steinernema spp. and Heterorhabditis spp.), a sprayable polymer gel, and a combination of both were assessed on canola for flea beetle management. Plots were treated soon after colonization by adult flea beetles, when canola was in the cotyledon to one-leaf stage. Ten plants along a 3.6-m section of row were selected and rated at pre-treatment and 7 and 14 d post treatment using the damage-rating scheme advanced by the European Plant Protection Organization, where 1 = 0%, 2 = 2%, 3 = 5%, 4 = 10%, and 5 = 25% leaf area injury. Under moderate flea beetle feeding pressure (1-3.3% leaf area damaged), seeds treated with Gaucho 600 (Bayer CropScience LP Raleigh, NC) (imidacloprid) produced the highest yield (843.2 kg/ha). Meanwhile, Barricade (Barricade International, Inc. Hobe Sound, FL) (polymer gel; 1%) + Scanmask (BioLogic Company Inc, Willow Hill, PA) (Steinernema feltiae) resulted in the highest yields: 1020.8 kg/ha under high (2.0-5.3% leaf area damaged), and 670.2 kg/ha at extremely high (4.3-8.6 % leaf area damaged) feeding pressure. Our results suggest that Barricade (1%) + Scanmask (S. feltiae) can serve as an alternative to the conventional chemical seed treatment. Moreover, Scanmask (S. feltiae) can be used to complement the effects of seed treatment after its protection has run out.
authors.affiliation: Western Triangle Agricultural Research Center, Montana State University, 9546 Old Shelby Rd., P.O. Box 656, Conrad, MT 59425 (frank.antwi@montana.edu; reddy@montana.edu), and frank.antwi@montana.edu.
authors.forename: Frank B
authors.initials: FB
authors.lastname: Antwi
authors.affiliation: Western Triangle Agricultural Research Center, Montana State University, 9546 Old Shelby Rd., P.O. Box 656, Conrad, MT 59425 (frank.antwi@montana.edu; reddy@montana.edu), and.
authors.forename: Gadi V P
authors.initials: GV
authors.lastname: Reddy
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D029688:Brassica napus / Q000254:growth & development; D001517:Coleoptera; D005782:Gels; D007300:Insect Control / Q000379:methods; D007306:Insecticides; D010572:Pest Control, Biological / Q000379:methods; D011108:Polymers; D017168:Rhabditida / Q000502:physiology*; D017172:Rhabditoidea / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D005782:Gels; D007306:Insecticides; D011108:Polymers
keywords: Canola; Phyllotreta cruciferae; entomopathogenic nematode; leaf area injury; sprayable polymer gel