title: The neurotoxicity of iron, copper and cobalt in Parkinson's disease through ROS-mediated mechanisms.
abstract: Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease with gradual loss of dopaminergic neurons. Despite extensive research in the past decades, the etiology of PD remains elusive. Nevertheless, multiple lines of evidence suggest that oxidative stress is one of the common causes in the pathogenesis of PD. It has also been suggested that heavy metal-associated oxidative stress may be implicated in the etiology and pathogenesis of PD. Here we review the roles of redox metals, including iron, copper and cobalt, in PD. Iron is a highly reactive element and deregulation of iron homeostasis is accompanied by concomitant oxidation processes in PD. Copper is a key metal in cell division process, and it has been shown to have an important role in neurodegenerative diseases such as PD. Cobalt induces the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and DNA damage in brain tissues.
authors.affiliation: CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Multi-disciplinary Research Division, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, 100049, China.
authors.forename: A P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Lan
authors.affiliation: CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Multi-disciplinary Research Division, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, 100049, China.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Multi-disciplinary Research Division, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, 100049, China.|School of Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.
authors.forename: Z F
authors.initials: ZF
authors.lastname: Chai
authors.affiliation: CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Multi-disciplinary Research Division, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, 100049, China. huyi@ihep.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hu
mesh_terms: D003035:Cobalt / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000494:pharmacology; D003300:Copper / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000494:pharmacology; D004249:DNA Damage; D006801:Humans; D007501:Iron / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000494:pharmacology; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000378:metabolism*; D010302:Parkinson Disease, Secondary / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000378:metabolism; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D003035:Cobalt; D003300:Copper; D007501:Iron
keywords: Cobalt; Copper; Iron; Parkinson’s disease; Reactive oxygen species