title: Molecular and phenotypic characterization of Xenorhabdus bovienii symbiotically associated with Steinernema silvaticum.
abstract: Steinernema silvaticum is a common entomopathogenic nematode in soil of Europe; however, little is known about the bacteria living in symbiosis with this animal. In this study, we have isolated four bacterial strains from S. silvaticum and identified them as members of the species Xenorhabdus bovienii. This study was based on 16S rRNA and concatenated recA, dnaN, gltX, and gyrB gene sequence analysis. In addition, phenotypic traits have been considered, indicating that the tested strains are the most similar to those of X. bovienii. The phylogenetic relationships between the isolated strains and other strains of X. bovienii derived from various nematode hosts were analyzed and discussed. This is the first report confirming the symbiotic association of X. bovienii with S. silvaticum.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Biocontrol, Application and Production of EPN, Department of Biotechnology and Environment Sciences, Centre for Interdisciplinary Research, John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, ul. Konstantynów 1 J, 20-708, Lublin, Poland. wklublin@tlen.pl.
authors.forename: Waldemar
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Kazimierczak
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Biocontrol, Application and Production of EPN, Department of Biotechnology and Environment Sciences, Centre for Interdisciplinary Research, John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, ul. Konstantynów 1 J, 20-708, Lublin, Poland.
authors.forename: Ewa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sajnaga
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Biocontrol, Application and Production of EPN, Department of Biotechnology and Environment Sciences, Centre for Interdisciplinary Research, John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, ul. Konstantynów 1 J, 20-708, Lublin, Poland.
authors.forename: Marcin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Skowronek
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Biocontrol, Application and Production of EPN, Department of Biotechnology and Environment Sciences, Centre for Interdisciplinary Research, John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, ul. Konstantynów 1 J, 20-708, Lublin, Poland.
authors.forename: Anna Maria
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Kreft
authors.affiliation: Laboratory Ultrastructure and Electron Microscopy, Department of Biotechnology and Environment Sciences, John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, ul. Konstantynów 1F, 20-708, Lublin, Poland.
authors.forename: Henryk Wojciech
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Skrzypek
authors.affiliation: Department of Industrial Microbiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, ul. Akademicka 19, 20-033, Lublin, Poland.
authors.forename: Adrian
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wiater
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D027081:DNA Gyrase / Q000235:genetics; D004259:DNA-Directed DNA Polymerase / Q000235:genetics; D005060:Europe; D010641:Phenotype; D010802:Phylogeny; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics; D011938:Rec A Recombinases / Q000235:genetics; D017168:Rhabditida / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000382:microbiology*; D012987:Soil / Q000469:parasitology*; D013559:Symbiosis / Q000502:physiology*; D020593:Xenorhabdus / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; D012987:Soil; D011938:Rec A Recombinases; D004259:DNA-Directed DNA Polymerase; C083980:dnaN protein, Bacteria; D027081:DNA Gyrase
keywords: Entomopathogenic nematodes; Phylogeny; Steinernema silvaticum; Symbiosis; Xenorhabdus bovienii