title: Association between fine particulate matter chemical constituents and airway inflammation: A panel study among healthy adults in China.
abstract: Ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) air pollution has been associated with increased airway inflammation, but the roles of various PM2.5 constituents remain to be determined.
  
  
  
  To investigate the acute effects of PM2.5 constituents on fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO), a well-established biomarker of respiratory inflammation.
  
  
  
  A longitudinal panel study was performed among 32 healthy young adults in Shanghai, China from January 12th to February 6th, 2015. FeNO was repeatedly measured, 6-8 times per subject. Real-time mass concentration of ambient PM2.5 and chemical constituents were obtained from a nearby monitoring station. Linear mixed-effect models were applied to evaluate the association between FeNO and PM2.5 constituents, with the adjustment of age, gender, body mass index, temperature, relative humidity and day of week. The robustness of constituents' effects was also evaluated.
  
  
  
  A total of 234 effective measurements of FeNO were obtained with a geometric mean of 13.1 ppb. The PM2.5-FeNO associations were strongest at lags of 0-6h and diminished at lags longer than 12h. An interquartile range increase in PM2.5 constituents (NH4(+), NO3(-), K(+), SO4(2-) and elemental carbon) at lags of 0-6h were significantly associated with increments in FeNO by 12.3%, 11.3%, 11.1%, 9.6% and 10.7%, respectively. After controlling for PM2.5 total mass and the colinearity, only elemental carbon remained significant.
  
  
  
  Several chemical constituents of PM2.5 may impact FeNO following acute exposure. Elemental carbon in particular may be the primary component responsible for increased airway inflammation.
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment of the Ministry of Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
authors.forename: Jingjin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment of the Ministry of Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
authors.forename: Renjie
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment of the Ministry of Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
authors.forename: Changyuan
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment of the Ministry of Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
authors.forename: Zhijing
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment of the Ministry of Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment of the Ministry of Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
authors.forename: Yongjie
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xia
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment of the Ministry of Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
authors.forename: Cuicui
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment of the Ministry of Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
authors.forename: Huichu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Environment & Occupational Health, Texas A&M School of Public Health, College Station, TX 77843, United States.
authors.forename: Natalie
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Texas A&M School of Public Health, College Station, TX 77843, United States.
authors.forename: Xiaohui
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment of the Ministry of Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China. Electronic address: zhzhao@fudan.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Zhuohui
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment of the Ministry of Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China. Electronic address: kanh@fudan.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Haidong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000633:toxicity*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism*; D010316:Particle Size; D052638:Particulate Matter / Q000633:toxicity*; D012140:Respiratory Tract Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000453:epidemiology*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D015415:Biomarkers; D052638:Particulate Matter; D009569:Nitric Oxide
keywords: Chemical constituents; Fine particulate matter; Fractional exhaled nitric oxide; Panel study