title: Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: current concepts on neurological and muscular etiologies.
abstract: Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is a frequent disease but its etiology remains unknown. Gender prevalence in females is already known and there are many suggested hypotheses to explain its origin and manifestation, like associated neurologic, muscular and connective tissue disorders. Literature reports have tried to analyze disease prevalence in selected populations, possible ways of inheritance, related genes location and their polymorphisms, which may play a role in the development of the deformity. The purpose of this paper is to review and update concepts on the origin and genetic influence on AIS.
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal de São Paulo/UNIFESP, São Paulo, Brazil ; Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Av. Albert Einstein, 627, Pavilhão Vicky e Joseph Safra-3 andar/306, Morumbi, São Paulo 05651-901 Brazil.
authors.forename: Marcelo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wajchenberg
authors.affiliation: Santa Casa de Misericórdia de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil ; Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Av. Albert Einstein, 627, Pavilhão Vicky e Joseph Safra-3 andar/306, Morumbi, São Paulo 05651-901 Brazil.
authors.forename: Nelson
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Astur
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal de São Paulo/UNIFESP, São Paulo, Brazil ; Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Av. Albert Einstein, 627, Pavilhão Vicky e Joseph Safra-3 andar/306, Morumbi, São Paulo 05651-901 Brazil.
authors.forename: Michel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kanas
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal de São Paulo/UNIFESP, São Paulo, Brazil ; Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Av. Albert Einstein, 627, Pavilhão Vicky e Joseph Safra-3 andar/306, Morumbi, São Paulo 05651-901 Brazil.
authors.forename: Délio Eulálio
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Martins
keywords: Adolescent; Genetics; Scoliosis/etiology