title: Spatial normalization of brain images and beyond.
abstract: The deformable atlas paradigm has been at the core of computational anatomy during the last two decades. Spatial normalization is the variant endowing the atlas with a coordinate system used for voxel-based aggregation of images across subjects and studies. This framework has largely contributed to the success of brain mapping. Brain spatial normalization, however, is still ill-posed because of the complexity of the human brain architecture and the lack of architectural landmarks in standard morphological MRI. Multi-atlas strategies have been developed during the last decade to overcome some difficulties in the context of segmentation. A new generation of registration algorithms embedding architectural features inferred for instance from diffusion or functional MRI is on the verge to improve the architectural value of spatial normalization. A better understanding of the architectural meaning of the cortical folding pattern will lead to use some sulci as complementary constraints. Improving the architectural compliance of spatial normalization may impose to relax the diffeomorphic constraint usually underlying atlas warping. A two-level strategy could be designed: in each region, a dictionary of templates of incompatible folding patterns would be collected and matched in a way or another using rare architectural information, while individual subjects would be aligned using diffeomorphisms to the closest template. Manifold learning could help to aggregate subjects according to their morphology. Connectivity-based strategies could emerge as an alternative to deformation-based alignment leading to match the connectomes of the subjects rather than images.
authors.affiliation: UNATI, Neurospin, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France; CATI Multicenter Neuroimaging Platform, http://cati-neuroimaging.com, France. Electronic address: jfmangin@gmail.com.
authors.forename: J-F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Mangin
authors.affiliation: UNATI, Neurospin, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France; INSERM-CEA, Neurospin Center, Cognitive Neuroimaging Unit U992, Gif-Sur-Yvette, France.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lebenberg
authors.affiliation: UNATI, Neurospin, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France; CATI Multicenter Neuroimaging Platform, http://cati-neuroimaging.com, France.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lefranc
authors.affiliation: UNATI, Neurospin, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Labra
authors.affiliation: Institut de Neurosciences de la Timone, UMR 7289, Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Marseille, France.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Auzias
authors.affiliation: UNATI, Neurospin, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France; CATI Multicenter Neuroimaging Platform, http://cati-neuroimaging.com, France.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Labit
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Electr. Eng., Univ. de Concepcion, Concepcion, Chile.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Guevara
authors.affiliation: Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mohlberg
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroimaging, Sainte-Anne Hospital Center, Université Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Center for Psychiatry & Neurosciences, UMR 894 INSERM, Paris, France.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Roca
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Electr. Eng., Univ. de Concepcion, Concepcion, Chile.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Guevara
authors.affiliation: INSERM-CEA, Neurospin Center, Cognitive Neuroimaging Unit U992, Gif-Sur-Yvette, France.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dubois
authors.affiliation: INSERM-CEA, Neurospin Center, Cognitive Neuroimaging Unit U992, Gif-Sur-Yvette, France.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Leroy
authors.affiliation: INSERM-CEA, Neurospin Center, Cognitive Neuroimaging Unit U992, Gif-Sur-Yvette, France.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Dehaene-Lambertz
authors.affiliation: CNRS UMR 8240, Laboratory for the Psychology of Child Development and Education, University Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cachia
authors.affiliation: Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Dickscheid
authors.affiliation: Institut de Neurosciences de la Timone, UMR 7289, Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Marseille, France.
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Coulon
authors.affiliation: UNIRS, Neurospin, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France; CATI Multicenter Neuroimaging Platform, http://cati-neuroimaging.com, France.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Poupon
authors.affiliation: UNATI, Neurospin, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France; CATI Multicenter Neuroimaging Platform, http://cati-neuroimaging.com, France.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rivière
authors.affiliation: Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany; Cecile und Oskar Vogt Institut für Hirnforschung, Heinrich-Heine Universität Düsseldorf, Germany.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Amunts
authors.affiliation: UNATI, Neurospin, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France; CATI Multicenter Neuroimaging Platform, http://cati-neuroimaging.com, France.
authors.forename: Z Y
authors.initials: ZY
authors.lastname: Sun
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D001921:Brain / Q000166:cytology / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D001931:Brain Mapping; D063132:Connectome; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging
keywords: Connectome; Cortical folding pattern; Diffeomorphism; Spatial normalization