title: Pilot Study of the Use of Hybrid Multidimensional T2-Weighted Imaging-DWI for the Diagnosis of Prostate Cancer and Evaluation of Gleason Score.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of our study was to evaluate the role of a hybrid T2-weighted imaging-DWI sequence for prostate cancer diagnosis and differentiation of aggressive prostate cancer from nonaggressive prostate cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-one patients with prostate cancer who underwent preoperative 3-T MRI and prostatectomy were included in this study. Patients underwent a hybrid T2-weighted imaging-DWI examination consisting of DW images acquired with TEs of 47, 75, and 100 ms and b values of 0 and 750 s/mm(2). The apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and T2 were calculated for cancer and normal prostate ROIs at each TE and b value. Changes in ADC and T2 as a function of increasing the TE and b value, respectively, were analyzed. A new metric termed "PQ4" was defined as the percentage of voxels within an ROI that has increasing T2 with increasing b value and has decreasing ADC with increasing TE.
  
  
  RESULTS
  ADC values were significantly higher in normal ROIs than in cancer ROIs at all TEs (p < 0.0001). With increasing TE, the mean ADC increased 3% in cancer ROIs and increased 12% in normal ROIs. T2 was significantly higher in normal ROIs than in cancer ROIs at both b values (p ≤ 0.0002). The mean T2 decreased with increasing b value in cancer ROIs (ΔT2 = -17 ms) and normal ROIs (ΔT2 = -52 ms). PQ4 clearly differentiated normal ROIs from prostate cancer ROIs (p = 0.0004) and showed significant correlation with Gleason score (ρ = 0.508, p < 0.0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hybrid MRI measures the response of ADC and T2 to changing TEs and b values, respectively. This approach shows promise for detecting prostate cancer and determining its aggressiveness noninvasively.
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Radiology, University of Chicago, 5841 S Maryland Ave, MC 2026, Chicago, IL 60637.
authors.forename: Meredith
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sadinski
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Radiology, University of Chicago, 5841 S Maryland Ave, MC 2026, Chicago, IL 60637.
authors.forename: Gregory
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Karczmar
authors.affiliation: 2 School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Yahui
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Radiology, University of Chicago, 5841 S Maryland Ave, MC 2026, Chicago, IL 60637.
authors.forename: Shiyang
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Radiology, University of Chicago, 5841 S Maryland Ave, MC 2026, Chicago, IL 60637.
authors.forename: Yulei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Radiology, University of Chicago, 5841 S Maryland Ave, MC 2026, Chicago, IL 60637.
authors.forename: Milica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Medved
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Radiology, University of Chicago, 5841 S Maryland Ave, MC 2026, Chicago, IL 60637.
authors.forename: Ambereen
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yousuf
authors.affiliation: 3 Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL.
authors.forename: Tatjana
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Antic
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Radiology, University of Chicago, 5841 S Maryland Ave, MC 2026, Chicago, IL 60637.
authors.forename: Aytekin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Oto
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D038524:Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D060787:Neoplasm Grading; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011468:Prostatectomy; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery
keywords: DWI; MRI; T2-weighted imaging; apparent diffusion coefficient; prostate cancer