title: Vaginal implantation metastasis of endometrial carcinoma: A case report.
abstract: Endometrial cancer is the most common malignancy of the female reproductive system. The three common spread patterns of endometrial cancer are local invasion, lymphatic spread and hematogenous spread. Vaginal metastasis occurs by submucosal lymphatic or vascular metastases in ~10% of patients with clinical stage I disease. Vaginal implantation metastasis of endometrial cancer is extremely rare. Here we present a case of endometrial carcinoma (International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage IA) spread to the vagina by implantation metastasis as opposed to any of the methods mentioned above. This conclusion was confirmed mainly from pathological examination. This case highlights the occurrence of vaginal implantation metastasis of endometrial carcinoma. Certain changes may be applied during surgery to prevent implantation metastasis in patients with endometrial cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Yueling
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Jiang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: DU
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Shulan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lv
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Yanxia
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sui
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Xue
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Xue
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Chao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Junkai
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zou
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Qunying
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Research Institute, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA.
authors.forename: Guoxing
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA.
authors.forename: Qing
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Qiling
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Li
keywords: endometrial carcinoma; postmenopausal bleeding; surgery; vaginal bleeding; vaginal implantation metastasis