title: Management of Calvarial Tumors: A Retrospective Analysis and Literature Review.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Tumors of various organs that metastasize to bone do not neglect calvarium as a target. The aim of this study was to characterize the calvarial tumors.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively reviewed 45 consecutive patients operated for calvarial masses from January 2002 till May 2012 at our hospital. Skull base tumors and patients ≤18 years were excluded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Three groups of lesions were found - calvarial metastases (15/45), primary tumors (5/45) and tumor-like lesions (25/45). Malignant lesions were equitable by gender distribution, higher age of onset (median age of primary =55; secondary = 60 years) and benign lesions by younger age (median = 35) and female bias (18/25). Calvarial metastases mostly presented with local swelling (10/15), local pain (6/15) and rarely neurologic deficit. There was associated dural sinus thrombosis (4/20 of malignant; 1/25 of benign lesions) and osteolysis (3/5 primary malignant, 13/15 secondary and 18/25 of benign lesions). Complete surgical excision was possible with minimal morbidity in all except one patient and nil mortality.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Nearly half (20/45) of the calvarial lesions tend to be malignant with most of them presenting as silent painless masses. Surgical excision should be considered only after suitable investigation and appropriate neurosurgical set-up.
authors.affiliation: Ege University, School of Medicine, Department of Neurosurgery, Izmir, Turkey.
authors.forename: Erkin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ozgiray
authors.forename: Karthikeyan
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Perumal
authors.forename: Celal
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cinar
authors.forename: Kadir Emre
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Caliskan
authors.forename: Yesim
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ertan
authors.forename: Taskin
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yurtseven
authors.forename: Nezih
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Oktar
authors.forename: Izzet
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ovul
authors.forename: Kazim
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Oner
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D019468:Disease Management; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012886:Skull / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D019292:Skull Base Neoplasms / Q000556:secondary* / Q000601:surgery*