title: Identification of Phenolic Compounds from Seed Coats of Differently Colored European Varieties of Pea (Pisum sativum L.) and Characterization of Their Antioxidant and In Vitro Anticancer Activities.
abstract: To date little has been done on identification of major phenolic compounds responsible for anticancer and antioxidant properties of pea (Pisum sativum L.) seed coat extracts. In the present study, phenolic profile of the seed coat extracts from 10 differently colored European varieties has been determined using ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-linear trap quadrupole orbitrap mass spectrometer technique. Extracts of dark colored varieties with high total phenolic content (up to 46.56 mg GAE/g) exhibited strong antioxidant activities (measured by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl or DPPH assay, and ferric ion reducing and ferrous ion chelating capacity assays) which could be attributed to presence of gallic acid, epigallocatechin, naringenin, and apigenin. The aqueous extracts of dark colored varieties exert concentration-dependent cytotoxic effects on all tested malignant cell lines (human colon adenocarcinoma LS174, human breast carcinoma MDA-MB-453, human lung carcinoma A594, and myelogenous leukemia K562). Correlation analysis revealed that intensities of cytotoxic activity of the extracts strongly correlated with contents of epigallocatechin and luteolin. Cell cycle analysis on LS174 cells in the presence of caspase-3 inhibitor points out that extracts may activate other cell death modalities besides caspase-3-dependent apoptosis. The study provides evidence that seed coat extracts of dark colored pea varieties might be used as potential cancer-chemopreventive and complementary agents in cancer therapy.
authors.affiliation: a Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade , Belgrade , Serbia.
authors.forename: Nemanja S
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Stanisavljević
authors.affiliation: a Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade , Belgrade , Serbia.|b Faculty of Chemistry , University of Belgrade , Belgrade , Serbia.
authors.forename: Marija D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Ilić
authors.affiliation: c Institute of Oncology and Radiology of Serbia , Belgrade , Serbia.
authors.forename: Ivana Z
authors.initials: IZ
authors.lastname: Matić
authors.affiliation: a Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade , Belgrade , Serbia.
authors.forename: Živko S
authors.initials: ŽS
authors.lastname: Jovanović
authors.affiliation: d Agricultural Institute Osijek , Osijek , Croatia.
authors.forename: Tihomir
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Čupić
authors.affiliation: e Innovation Center , Faculty of Chemistry Ltd, University of Belgrade , Belgrade , Serbia.
authors.forename: Dragana Č
authors.initials: DČ
authors.lastname: Dabić
authors.affiliation: b Faculty of Chemistry , University of Belgrade , Belgrade , Serbia.
authors.forename: Maja M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Natić
authors.affiliation: b Faculty of Chemistry , University of Belgrade , Belgrade , Serbia.
authors.forename: Živoslav Lj
authors.initials: ŽLj
authors.lastname: Tešić
mesh_terms: D016588:Anticarcinogenic Agents / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D047310:Apigenin / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D002392:Catechin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002470:Cell Survival; D017523:Croatia; D018556:Crops, Agricultural / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D019587:Dietary Supplements / Q000032:analysis; D044950:Flavanones / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D005707:Gallic Acid / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007502:Iron Chelating Agents / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D047311:Luteolin / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D018532:Pisum sativum / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D010636:Phenols / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D010860:Pigments, Biological / Q000096:biosynthesis; D019441:Plant Epidermis / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D012639:Seeds / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D016588:Anticarcinogenic Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D044950:Flavanones; D005419:Flavonoids; D007502:Iron Chelating Agents; D010636:Phenols; D010860:Pigments, Biological; D010936:Plant Extracts; D005707:Gallic Acid; D047310:Apigenin; D002392:Catechin; C057580:gallocatechol; C005273:naringenin; D047311:Luteolin