title: Goldenhar syndrome: a rare diagnosis with possible prenatal findings.
abstract: Goldenhar syndrome is a rare congenital disease associated with hemifacial hypoplasia as well as ear and ocular defects. Sometimes it is also associated with vertebral and other bone defects, cardiac malformations and central nervous system anomalies. Its aetiology is not yet clarified in the literature. We present a case of multiple malformations detected in the morphology ultrasound (at 22 weeks of gestation), namely absent nasal bones, micrognathia and absent left radius, among other defects. Genetic counselling, fetal brain MRI and cardiac sonography, which showed ventricular septal defect, were performed. 11 syndromes with poor fetal or neonatal prognosis were identified as possible diagnosis, using a genetic database and the couple asked for a medical termination of pregnancy. Postmortem examination has shown features consistent with Goldenhar syndrome.
authors.affiliation: Gynecology and Obstetrics Department, Hospital de Braga, Braga, Portugal.
authors.forename: Bárbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ribeiro
authors.affiliation: Gynecology and Obstetrics Department, Hospital de Braga, Braga, Portugal.
authors.forename: Joana
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Igreja
authors.affiliation: Medical Genetics Unit, Hospital de Braga, Braga, Portugal.
authors.forename: Miguel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gonçalves-Rocha
authors.affiliation: Gynecology and Obstetrics Department, Hospital de Braga, Braga, Portugal.
authors.forename: Alexandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cadilhe
mesh_terms: D000015:Abnormalities, Multiple / Q000196:embryology / Q000473:pathology*; D000028:Abortion, Induced; D005260:Female; D005315:Fetal Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D005817:Genetic Counseling; D006053:Goldenhar Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000196:embryology / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D011247:Pregnancy; D011296:Prenatal Diagnosis