title: Phycoerythrin averts intracellular ROS generation and physiological functional decline in eukaryotes under oxidative stress.
abstract: In vitro antioxidant virtue and life-prolonging effect of phycoerythrin (PE; a pigment protein isolated from Phormidium sp. A09DM) have been revealed in our previous reports (Sonani et al. in Age 36:9717, 2014a; Sonani et al. in Process Biochem 49:1757-1766, 2014b). It has been hypothesized that the PE expands life span of Caenorhabditis elegans (bears large resemblance with human aging pathways) due to its antioxidant virtue. This hypothesis is tested in present study by checking the effect of PE on intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and associated physiological deformities using mouse and human skin fibroblasts, C. elegans, and Drosophila melanogaster Oregon R+and by divulging PE's structural attributes responsible for its antioxidant asset. PE treatment displayed noteworthy decrease of 67, 48, and 77 % in ROS level in mouse fibroblast (3T3-L1), human fibroblast, and C. elegans N2, respectively, arisen under chemical-induced oxidative stress. PE treatment delayed the development of paraquat-induced Alzheimer phenotype by 14.5 % in C. elegans CL4176. Furthermore, PE improved the locomotion of D. melanogaster Oregon R+under oxidative stress with simultaneous up-regulation in super-oxide dismutase and catalase activities. The existence of 52 Glu + Asp + His + Thr residues (having metal ion sequestration capacity), 5 phycoerythrobilin chromophores (potential electron exchangers) in PE's primary structure, and significant hydrophobic patches on the surface of its α- and β-subunits are supposed to collectively contribute in the antioxidant virtues of PE. Altogether, results support the hypothesis that it is the PE's antioxidant asset, which is responsible for its life-prolonging effect and thus could be exploited in the therapeutics of ROS-associated abnormalities including aging and neurodegeneration in eukaryotes.
authors.affiliation: Post-Graduate Department of Biosciences, UGC-Centre of Advanced Study, Sardar Patel University, Vadtal Road, Satellite Campus, Bakrol, Anand, Gujarat, 388 315, India.|Commission of Atomic and Alternative Energy, Institute of Biology and Technology of Saclay, 91191, Gif/Yvette, France.
authors.forename: Ravi R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Sonani
authors.affiliation: Post-Graduate Department of Biosciences, UGC-Centre of Advanced Study, Sardar Patel University, Vadtal Road, Satellite Campus, Bakrol, Anand, Gujarat, 388 315, India.
authors.forename: Rajesh P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Rastogi
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, Shri A. N. Patel PG Institute, Anand, Gujarat, 388001, India.
authors.forename: Niraj K
authors.initials: NK
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.affiliation: Division of Phytotherapeutics and Metabolic Endocrinology, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, 390002, India.
authors.forename: Jaymesh
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Thadani
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, Shri A. N. Patel PG Institute, Anand, Gujarat, 388001, India.
authors.forename: Puja J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.affiliation: The Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 8001 Redwood Boulevard, Novato, CA, 94945, USA. jitendra343@gmail.com.|DBT-PU-IPLS Programme, Department of Botany/Biotechnology, Patna University, Patna, Bihar, 800005, India. jitendra343@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Jitendra
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.affiliation: School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Advanced Research, Koba, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382007, India. aktbhu@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Anand K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Tiwari
authors.affiliation: Division of Phytotherapeutics and Metabolic Endocrinology, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, 390002, India. rvdevkar@rediffmail.com.
authors.forename: Ranjitsinh V
authors.initials: RV
authors.lastname: Devkar
authors.affiliation: Post-Graduate Department of Biosciences, UGC-Centre of Advanced Study, Sardar Patel University, Vadtal Road, Satellite Campus, Bakrol, Anand, Gujarat, 388 315, India. datta_madamwar@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Datta
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Madamwar
mesh_terms: D041721:3T3-L1 Cells; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000473:pathology; D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides / Q000633:toxicity; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017173:Caenorhabditis elegans / Q000187:drug effects; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D003198:Computer Simulation; D004331:Drosophila melanogaster / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D056890:Eukaryota / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism*; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000633:toxicity; D042541:Intracellular Space / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D010269:Paraquat / Q000633:toxicity; D010799:Phycoerythrin / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D066263:Protein Aggregation, Pathological; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism*; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides; D000975:Antioxidants; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D010799:Phycoerythrin; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D002374:Catalase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D010269:Paraquat
keywords: Antioxidants; Caenorhabditis elegans; Cyanobacteria; Drosophila melanogaster; Mouse fibroblast; Phycoerythrin; Reactive oxygen species (ROS)