title: Assessment of Left Ventricular Volume and Function Using Real-Time 3D Echocardiography versus Angiocardiography in Children with Tetralogy of Fallot.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Evaluation of left ventricular (LV) size and function is one of the important reasons for performing echocardiography. Real time three dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE) is now available for a precise non-invasive ventricular volumetry. Aim of work was to validate RT3DE as a non-invasive cardiac imaging method for measurement of LV volumes using cardiac angiography as the reference technique.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective study on 40 consecutive patients with tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) referred for cardiac catheterization for preoperative assessment. Biplane cineangiography, conventional 2 dimensional echocardiography (2DE) and RT3DE were performed for the patients. A control group of 18 age and sex matched children was included and 2DE and RT3DE were performed for them.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean LV end diastolic volume (LVEDV) and LVEDV index (LVEDVI) measured by RT3DE of patients were lower than controls (p value = 0.004, 0.01, respectively). There was strong correlation between the mean value of the LVEDV and the LVEDVI measured by RT3DE and angiography (r = 0.97, p < 0.001). The mean value of LV ejection fraction measured by RT3DE was lower than that assessed by 2DE (50 ± 6.2%, 65 ± 4.6%, respectively, p value < 0.001) in the studied TOF cases. There was good intra- and inter-observer reliability for all measurements.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  RT3DE is a noninvasive and feasible tool for measurement of LV volumes that strongly correlates with LV volumetry done by angiography in very young infants and children, and further studies needed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
authors.forename: Faten M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Abdel Aziz
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt.
authors.forename: Soha M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Abdel Dayem
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
authors.forename: Reem I
authors.initials: RI
authors.lastname: Ismail
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt.
authors.forename: Hebah
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hassan
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
authors.forename: Aya M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Fattouh
keywords: Echocardiography; Tetralogy of Fallot; Three-dimensional