title: The Multifaceted Haptoglobin in the Context of Adipose Tissue and Metabolism.
abstract: Obesity is a low chronic inflammatory state because several inflammatory factors are increased in obese subjects, this having important implications for the onset of obesity-associated complications. The source of most of these inflammatory molecules is white adipose tissue (WAT), which upon excessive weight gain, becomes infiltrated with macrophages and lymphocytes and undergoes important changes in its gene expression. Haptoglobin (Hp), a typical marker of inflammation in clinical practice, main carrier of free hemoglobin, and long known to be part of the hepatic acute phase response, perfectly sits in the intersection between obesity and inflammation: it is expressed by adipocytes and its abundance in WAT and in plasma positively relates to the degree of adiposity. In the present review, we will analyze causes and consequences of Hp expression and regulation in WAT and how these relate to the obesity/inflammation paradigm and comorbidities.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Clinical Physiology (M.M.), Italian National Research Council, 56124 Pisa, Italy; Laboratory of Neurobiology (I.B.), Scuola Normale Superiore, 56100 Pisa, Italy; and Obesity Center at the Endocrinology Unit (M.M., I.B., G.S., F.S.), Pisa University-Hospital Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
authors.forename: Margherita
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Maffei
authors.affiliation: Institute of Clinical Physiology (M.M.), Italian National Research Council, 56124 Pisa, Italy; Laboratory of Neurobiology (I.B.), Scuola Normale Superiore, 56100 Pisa, Italy; and Obesity Center at the Endocrinology Unit (M.M., I.B., G.S., F.S.), Pisa University-Hospital Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
authors.forename: Ilaria
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Barone
authors.affiliation: Institute of Clinical Physiology (M.M.), Italian National Research Council, 56124 Pisa, Italy; Laboratory of Neurobiology (I.B.), Scuola Normale Superiore, 56100 Pisa, Italy; and Obesity Center at the Endocrinology Unit (M.M., I.B., G.S., F.S.), Pisa University-Hospital Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
authors.forename: Gaia
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Scabia
authors.affiliation: Institute of Clinical Physiology (M.M.), Italian National Research Council, 56124 Pisa, Italy; Laboratory of Neurobiology (I.B.), Scuola Normale Superiore, 56100 Pisa, Italy; and Obesity Center at the Endocrinology Unit (M.M., I.B., G.S., F.S.), Pisa University-Hospital Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
authors.forename: Ferruccio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Santini
mesh_terms: D052436:Adipose Tissue, White / Q000378:metabolism*; D006242:Haptoglobins / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D006242:Haptoglobins