title: Quantitative Differentiation of Cell Surface-Bound and Internalized Cationic Gold Nanoparticles Using Mass Spectrometry.
abstract: Differentiation between cell surface-bound and internalized nanoparticles is challenging yet essential for accurately quantifying cellular uptake. Here, we describe a versatile mass spectrometry-based method that allows separate quantification of both cell surface-bound and internalized nanoparticles. This rapid method uses tuned laser fluencies to selectively desorb and ionize cell surface-bound cationic gold nanoparticles from intact cells, providing quantification of external particles. Overall nanoparticle quantities are obtained from the cell lysates, with subtraction of external particles from the total amount providing quantification of taken-up nanoparticles. The utility of this strategy was demonstrated through simultaneous quantitative determination of how cell-surface proteoglycans influence nanoparticle binding and uptake into cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst , 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States.
authors.forename: Singyuk
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hou
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst , 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States.
authors.forename: Kristen N
authors.initials: KN
authors.lastname: Sikora
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst , 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States.
authors.forename: Rui
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst , 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States.
authors.forename: Yuanchang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst , 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States.
authors.forename: Yi-Wei
authors.initials: YW
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst , 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States.
authors.forename: Sung Tae
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst , 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States.
authors.forename: Ziwen
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst , 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States.
authors.forename: Richard W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Vachet
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst , 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States.
authors.forename: Vincent M
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Rotello
mesh_terms: D002412:Cations; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002462:Cell Membrane; D006046:Gold; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles; D053758:Nanoparticles
chemical_list: D002412:Cations; D006046:Gold
keywords: cellular delivery; gold; mass spectrometry; nanoparticle