title: Synthesis, Fungicidal Activity and Mode of Action of 4-Phenyl-6-trifluoromethyl-2-aminopyrimidines against Botrytis cinerea.
abstract: Anilinopyrimidines are the main chemical agents for management of Botrytis cinerea. However, the drug resistance in fungi against this kind of compounds is very serious. To explore new potential fungicides against B. cinerea, a series of 4-phenyl-6-trifluoromethyl-2-amino-pyrimidine compounds (compounds III-1 to III-22) were synthesized, and their structures were confirmed by ¹H-NMR, IR and MS. Most of these compounds possessed excellent fungicidal activity. The compounds III-3 and III-13 showed higher fungicidal activity than the positive control pyrimethanil on fructose gelatin agar (FGA), and compound III-3 on potato dextrose agar (PDA) indicated high activity compared to the positive control cyprodinil. In vivo greenhouse results indicated that the activity of compounds III-3, III-8, and III-11 was significantly higher than that of the fungicide pyrimethanil. Scanning electron micrography (SEM) and transmission electron micrography (TEM) were applied to illustrate the mechanism of title compounds against B. cinerea. The title compounds, especially those containing a fluorine atom at the ortho-position on the benzene ring, could maintain the antifungal activity against B. cinerea, but their mechanism of action is different from that of cyprodinil. The present study lays a good foundation for us to find more efficient reagents against B. cinerea.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pesticide Science, Plant Protection College, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, Liaoning, China. 18809855316@163.com.
authors.forename: Chunhui
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China. ziningcui@scau.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Zining
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China. yanxiaojing@caas.cn.
authors.forename: Xiaojing
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.affiliation: Department of Pesticide Science, Plant Protection College, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, Liaoning, China. syqizhiqiu@sina.com.
authors.forename: Zhiqiu
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Qi
authors.affiliation: Department of Pesticide Science, Plant Protection College, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, Liaoning, China. jimingshan@163.com.
authors.forename: Mingshan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ji
authors.affiliation: Department of Pesticide Science, Plant Protection College, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, Liaoning, China. xinghai30@163.com.
authors.forename: Xinghai
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D020171:Botrytis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D025141:Drug Resistance, Fungal / Q000187:drug effects; D005659:Fungicides, Industrial / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D011743:Pyrimidines / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013172:Spores, Fungal / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D005659:Fungicides, Industrial; D011743:Pyrimidines; C012180:2-aminopyrimidine
keywords: aminopyrimidines; fungicide; mode of action; structure-activity relationship