title: Visualisation of latent fingermarks on polymer banknotes using copper vacuum metal deposition: A preliminary study.
abstract: The UK's recent move to polymer banknotes has seen some of the currently used fingermark enhancement techniques for currency potentially become redundant, due to the surface characteristics of the polymer substrates. Possessing a non-porous surface with some semi-porous properties, alternate processes are required for polymer banknotes. This preliminary investigation explored the recovery of fingermarks from polymer notes via vacuum metal deposition using elemental copper. The study successfully demonstrated that fresh latent fingermarks, from an individual donor, could be clearly developed and imaged in the near infrared. By varying the deposition thickness of the copper, the contrast between the fingermark minutiae and the substrate could be readily optimised. Where the deposition thickness was thin enough to be visually indistinguishable, forensic gelatin lifters could be used to lift the fingermarks. These lifts could then be treated with rubeanic acid to produce a visually distinguishable mark. The technique has shown enough promise that it could be effectively utilised on other semi- and non-porous substrates.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, UK.
authors.forename: Lloyd W L
authors.initials: LWL
authors.lastname: Davis
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, UK.
authors.forename: Paul F
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Kelly
authors.affiliation: Foster+Freeman Ltd, Vale Park, Evesham, Worcestershire WR11 1TD, UK. Electronic address: roberto.king@fosterfreeman.com.
authors.forename: Roberto S P
authors.initials: RSP
authors.lastname: King
authors.affiliation: Home Office Centre for Applied Science and Technology, Sandridge, Herts AL4 9HQ, UK.
authors.forename: Stephen M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Bleay
mesh_terms: D003300:Copper; D003878:Dermatoglyphics; D006801:Humans; D008027:Light; D010209:Paper; D011108:Polymers; D013854:Thioamides; D014835:Volatilization
chemical_list: D011108:Polymers; D013854:Thioamides; D003300:Copper; C005728:rubeanic acid
keywords: Copper; Fingermark enhancement; Forensic light source; Infrared imaging; Polymer banknote; Vacuum metal deposition