title: Flavobacterium panacis sp. nov., isolated from rhizosphere of Panax ginseng.
abstract: A novel bacterial strain, designated DCY106(T), was isolated from soil collected from the rhizosphere of ginseng (Panax ginseng), in Gochang, Republic of Korea. Strain DCY106(T) is Gram-negative, yellow-pigmented, non-flagellate, motile, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped, and strictly aerobic. The strain grows optimally at 25-30 °C and pH 6.5-7.5. Phylogenetically, strain DCY106(T) is closely related to Flavobacterium arsenitoxidans KCTC 22507(T) (98.41 %), followed by Flavobacterium cutihirudini LMG 26922(T) (97.67 %), Flavobacterium nitrogenifigens LMG 28694(T) (97.59 %), Flexibacter auranticus LMG 3987(T) (97.38 %), Flavobacterium defluvi KCTC 12612(T) (97.21 %) and Flavobacterium chilense LMG 26360(T) (97.05 %). The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities to all other Flavobacterium species were below 97 %. The DNA G+C content of strain DCY106(T) is 34.2 mol% and the DNA-DNA relatedness between strain DCY106(T) and F. cutihirudini LMG 26922(T), F. auranticus LMG 3987(T), F. defluvi KCTC 12612(T) and F. chilense LMG 26360(T) were below 40.0 %. The menaquinone of the type MK-6 was found to be the predominant respiratory quinone. The major polar lipids were identified as phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine, two unidentified aminolipids (APL1, APL6) and one unidentified lipid L2. C15:0, iso-C15:0 and summed feature 3 (iso-C15:0 2OH/C16:1 ω7c) were identified as the major fatty acids present in DCY106(T). The results of physiological and biochemical tests allowed strain DCY106(T) to be differentiated phenotypically from other recognized species belonging to the genus Flavobacterium. Therefore, it is suggested that the newly isolated organism represents a novel species, for which the name Flavobacterium panacis sp. nov. is proposed with the type strain designated as DCY106(T) (= JCM 31468(T)= KCTC 42747(T)).
authors.affiliation: Department of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology, Ginseng Bank, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Seocheon-dong, Giheung-gu, Yongin-Si, Gyeonggi-do, 446-701, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Dong Hyun
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology, Ginseng Bank, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Seocheon-dong, Giheung-gu, Yongin-Si, Gyeonggi-do, 446-701, Republic of Korea. prnksingh254@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Priyanka
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-Si, Gyeonggi-do, 446-701, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Mohamed El-Agamy
authors.initials: Mel-A
authors.lastname: Farh
authors.affiliation: Department of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology, Ginseng Bank, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Seocheon-dong, Giheung-gu, Yongin-Si, Gyeonggi-do, 446-701, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Yeon-Ju
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology, Ginseng Bank, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Seocheon-dong, Giheung-gu, Yongin-Si, Gyeonggi-do, 446-701, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Ngoc-Lan
authors.initials: NL
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.affiliation: Department of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology, Ginseng Bank, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Seocheon-dong, Giheung-gu, Yongin-Si, Gyeonggi-do, 446-701, Republic of Korea.|Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-Si, Gyeonggi-do, 446-701, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hyun A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology, Ginseng Bank, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Seocheon-dong, Giheung-gu, Yongin-Si, Gyeonggi-do, 446-701, Republic of Korea. dcyang@khu.ac.kr.|Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-Si, Gyeonggi-do, 446-701, Republic of Korea. dcyang@khu.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Deok-Chun
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D001482:Base Composition; D002473:Cell Wall / Q000378:metabolism; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal / Q000235:genetics; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000378:metabolism; D005417:Flavobacterium / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000502:physiology; D005894:Panax / Q000382:microbiology*; D010714:Phosphatidylethanolamines / Q000378:metabolism; D010718:Phosphatidylserines / Q000378:metabolism; D010802:Phylogeny; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics; D056910:Republic of Korea; D058441:Rhizosphere; D012988:Soil Microbiology; D013045:Species Specificity; D024482:Vitamin K 2 / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal; D005227:Fatty Acids; D010714:Phosphatidylethanolamines; D010718:Phosphatidylserines; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; D024482:Vitamin K 2; C483858:phosphatidylethanolamine
keywords: Flavobacterium panacis; Panax ginseng; Polyphasic taxonomy; Rhizosphere