title: Pomegranate peel polyphenols inhibit lipid accumulation and enhance cholesterol efflux in raw264.7 macrophages.
abstract: Macrophage cholesterol accumulation and foam cell formation are the hallmarks of early atherogenesis. Many plant polyphenols have been shown to inhibit macrophage foam cell formation and the development of atherosclerotic lesions. However, the effect of pomegranate peel polyphenols on foam cells remains unclear. In this study, the potential atheroprotective actions of pomegranate peel polyphenols on cholesterol accumulation and outflow in raw264.7 macrophages, and the mechanisms, were investigated. The results showed that the pomegranate peel polyphenols reduced ox-LDL internalization to diminish foam cell formation, as measured by oil-red O staining in raw264.7 macrophages, which may be due to decreasing the macrophage CD36 protein expression and not SR-A. In addition, pomegranate peel polyphenols promoted apoA-1-mediated macrophage cholesterol efflux by up-regulating ABCA1 and LXRα at the mRNA and protein levels, independently of ABCG1 and PPARγ.
authors.affiliation: College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China and College of Food & Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang471023, China.
authors.forename: Shengjuan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China and University Key Laboratory of Food Processing Byproducts for Advanced Development and High Value Utilization, Xi'an710119, Shaanxi, PR China. jiankel@snnu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Jianke
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China.
authors.forename: Lifang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China.
authors.forename: Xiaoxia
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wu
mesh_terms: D064286:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter 1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000070998:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D016632:Apolipoprotein A-I / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D018955:CD36 Antigens / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000378:metabolism*; D005487:Foam Cells / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D050356:Lipid Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects*; D029561:Lythraceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D051379:Mice; D059808:Polyphenols / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000067996:RAW 264.7 Cells; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D064286:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter 1; D000070998:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 1; D016632:Apolipoprotein A-I; D018955:CD36 Antigens; D002784:Cholesterol; D059808:Polyphenols; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C577833:Abca1 protein, mouse; C487540:ABCG1 protein, mouse