title: Arsenic removal from groundwater using low-cost carbon composite electrodes for capacitive deionization.
abstract: Affordable carbon composite electrodes were developed to treat low-concentrated groundwater using capacitive deionization (CDI). A carbon slurry prepared using activated carbon powder (ACP), poly(vinylidene fluoride), and N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone was employed as a casting solution to soak in a low-cost porous substrate. The surface morphology of the carbon composite electrodes was investigated using a video microscope and scanning electron microscopy. The capacitance and electrical conductivity of the carbon composite electrodes were then examined using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), respectively. According to the CV and EIS measurements, the capacitances and electrical conductivities of the carbon composite electrodes were in the range of 8.35-63.41 F g(-1) and 0.298-0.401 S cm(-1), respectively, depending on ACP contents. A CDI cell was assembled with the carbon composite electrodes instead of with electrodes and current collectors. The arsenate removal test included an investigation of the optimization of several important operating parameters, such as applied voltage and solution pH, and it achieved 98.8% removal efficiency using a 1 mg L(-1) arsenate solution at a voltage of 2 V and under a pH 9 condition.
authors.affiliation: School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), 123 Cheomdan-gwagiro (Oryong-dong), Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Korea E-mail: shmoon@gist.ac.kr; Energy Convergence Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Hawolgok-dong 39-1, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, South Korea.
authors.forename: Ju-Young
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi (KMUTT), 126 Pracha Uthit Rd., Bang Mod, Thung Khru, Bangkok 10140, Thailand.
authors.forename: Nantanee
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Chaimongkalayon
authors.affiliation: School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), 123 Cheomdan-gwagiro (Oryong-dong), Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Korea E-mail: shmoon@gist.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Jinho
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.affiliation: Energy Convergence Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Hawolgok-dong 39-1, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, South Korea.
authors.forename: Heung Yong
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Ha
authors.affiliation: School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), 123 Cheomdan-gwagiro (Oryong-dong), Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Korea E-mail: shmoon@gist.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Seung-Hyeon
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Moon
mesh_terms: D001151:Arsenic / Q000737:chemistry*; D002244:Carbon / Q000737:chemistry; D025802:Electric Capacitance; D004553:Electric Conductivity; D004566:Electrodes; D060587:Groundwater / Q000737:chemistry*; D018508:Water Purification / Q000191:economics / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D002244:Carbon; D001151:Arsenic