title: Relationship between Metabolic Syndrome and Predictors for Clinical Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia Progression and International Prostate Symptom Score in Patients with Moderate to Severe Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the association between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and the predictors of the progression of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and the corresponding frequency and severity of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS).
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 530 men with moderate to severe International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) &gt; 7 were recruited in the present study. The predictors for clinical BPH progression were defined as the total prostate volume (TPV) &ge; 31 cm3, prostate-specific antigen level (PSA) &ge; 1.6 ng/mL, maximal flow rate (Qmax) &lt; 10.6 mL/s, postvoid residual urine volume (PVR) of &ge; 39 mL, and age 62 years or older. LUTS were defined according to the IPSS and MetS with the National Cholesterol Education Program-Adult Treatment Panel III guidelines. The Mantel-Haenszel extension test and the multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to statistically examine their relationships.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The percentage of subjects with &ge; 1 predictors for clinical BPH progression, the percentage of subjects with a TPV &ge; 31 cm3, the percentage of subjects with a PVR &ge; 39 mL, and the percentage of subjects with a Qmax &lt; 10.6 mL/s increased significantly with the increasing in the number of MetS components (all P &lt; .05). After adjusting for age and serum testosterone level, the MetS were independently associated with the presence of TPV &ge; 31 cm3 (OR = 17.030, 95% CI: 7.495-38.692). Moreover, MetS was positively associated with the severity of LUTS (P &lt; .001) and voiding scores (P &lt; .001), and each individual MetS component appeared as an independent risk factor for severe LUTS (IPSS &gt; 19, all P &lt; .001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data have shown that the MetS significantly associated with the predictors for clinical BPH progression and the frequency and severity of LUTS, especially the voiding symptoms. The prevention of such modifiable factors by promotion of dietary changes and regular physical activity practice may be of great importance for public health.&nbsp.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100038, China.
authors.forename: Sicong
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100038, China.
authors.forename: Chao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100038, China.
authors.forename: Zongping
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100038, China.
authors.forename: Ming
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Xia
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100038, China.
authors.forename: Jianchun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: 3Department of Physical Examination Center, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100038, China.
authors.forename: Sujun
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shao
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100038, China. yyshijitan@126.com.
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yan
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D018450:Disease Progression; D006801:Humans; D059411:Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms / Q000209:etiology*; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000150:complications*; D008875:Middle Aged; D011470:Prostatic Hyperplasia / Q000209:etiology*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index