title: Incentive Sensitivity as a Behavioral Marker of Clinical Remission From Major Depressive Episode.
abstract: Reduction of goal-directed behaviors is frequently observed in depression and may be linked to dysfunction of incentive motivation process.
  
  
  
  To investigate whether incentive sensitivity could constitute a behavioral marker of clinical remission in major depression.
  
  
  
  A handgrip force measurement device was employed to assess the impact of incentive motivation and emotional manipulation on the effort produced by remitted patients (n = 20) compared to matched depressed patients (n = 22) and healthy controls (n = 26). Depressed and remitted patients fulfilled the major depressive disorder DSM-IV criteria for current episode and remission state, respectively. The study was performed between March and July 2013.
  
  
  
  Relative to patients with acute depression, patients after remission retrieved a normal sensitivity to incentives (t1,40 = 4.18, P < 1.5 × 10-4), but relative to healthy controls, they kept an abnormally high susceptibility to emotional arousal (t1,44 = 2.4, P = .02). Normalization of incentive sensitivity exhibited in the behavioral test was associated with improvement of apathy measured on the clinical scale.
  
  
  
  Using a simple behavioral paradigm at patients' bedside, we could identify the factors influencing effort production, so as to discriminate remitted patients from both depressed patients and healthy controls.
authors.affiliation: Brain & Spine Institute, MBB Team, 47, Bd de l'hôpital 75651 Paris Cedex 13, Paris 75013 France. thomasmauras@gmail.com.|Motivation, Brain and Behavior Laboratory, Brain and Spine Institute (Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière-ICM), bService de Psychiatrie adulte, cInserm U975, CNRS UMR 7225, UPMC-P6 UMRS 1127, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France.|Centre Hospitalier Sainte Anne (Secteur 3, Dr Marcel), Paris, France.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mauras
authors.affiliation: Clinique du Château de Garches, Garches, France.
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Masson
authors.affiliation: Motivation, Brain and Behavior Laboratory, Brain and Spine Institute (Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière-ICM), bService de Psychiatrie adulte, cInserm U975, CNRS UMR 7225, UPMC-P6 UMRS 1127, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Fossati
authors.forename: Mathias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pessiglione
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001143:Arousal; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy*; D004644:Emotions; D005260:Female; D005602:France; D018737:Hand Strength; D006778:Hospitals, Psychiatric; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009042:Motivation; D053581:Muscle Strength Dynamometer; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011594:Psychometrics; D012016:Reference Values; D012074:Remission Induction