title: A superhydrophilic titanium implant functionalized by ozone gas modulates bone marrow cell and macrophage responses.
abstract: Bone-forming cells and Mϕ play key roles in bone tissue repair. In this study, we prepared a superhydrophilic titanium implant functionalized by ozone gas to modulate osteoconductivity and inhibit inflammatory response towards titanium implants. After 24 h of ozone gas treatment, the water contact angle of the titanium surface became zero. XPS analysis revealed that hydroxyl groups were greatly increased, but carbon contaminants were largely decreased 24 h after ozone gas functionalization. Also, ozone gas functionalization did not alter titanium surface topography. Superhydrophilic titanium (O3-Ti) largely increased the aspect ratio, size and perimeter of cells when compared with untreated titanium (unTi). In addition, O3-Ti facilitated rat bone marrow derived MSCs differentiation and mineralization evidenced by greater ALP activity and bone-like nodule formation. Interestingly, O3-Ti did not affect RAW264.7 Mϕ proliferation. However, naive RAW264.7 Mϕ cultured on unTi produced a two-fold larger amount of TNFα than that on O3-Ti. Furthermore, O3-Ti greatly mitigated proinflammatory cytokine production, including TNFα and IL-6 from LSP-stimulated RAW264.7 Mϕ. These results demonstrated that a superhydrophilic titanium prepared by simple ozone gas functionalization successfully increased MSCs proliferation and differentiation, and mitigated proinflammatory cytokine production from both naive and LPS-stimulated Mϕ. This superhydrophilic surface would be useful as an endosseous implantable biomaterials and as a biomaterial for implantation into other tissues.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomaterials, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.
authors.lastname: Sunarso
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomaterials, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan. toita-r@aist.go.jp.|Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-8-31 Midorigaoka, Ikeda, Osaka, 563-8577, Japan. toita-r@aist.go.jp.
authors.forename: Riki
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9700-4531
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Toita
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomaterials, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.
authors.forename: Kanji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tsuru
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomaterials, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.
authors.forename: Kunio
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ishikawa
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry*; D001854:Bone Marrow Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002460:Cell Line; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D005269:Femur / Q000166:cytology; D017665:Hydroxyl Radical; D007249:Inflammation; D008264:Macrophages / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D010126:Ozone / Q000737:chemistry*; D019736:Prostheses and Implants; D000067996:RAW 264.7 Cells; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D016207:Cytokines; D017665:Hydroxyl Radical; D010126:Ozone; D014025:Titanium