title: Limited Impact of Music Therapy on Patient Anxiety with the Large Loop Excision of Transformation Zone Procedure - a Randomized Controlled Trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Many studies have pointed to strategies to cope with patient anxiety in colposcopy. Evidence shows that patients experienced considerable distress with the large loop excision of transformation zone (LLETZ) procedure and suitable interventions should be introduced to reduce anxiety. This study aimed to investigate the effects of music therapy in patients undergoing LLETZ.
  
  
  METHODS
  A randomized controlled trial was conducted with patients undergoing LLETZ performed under local anesthesia in an out patient setting at Ramathibodi Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand, from February 2015 to January 2016. After informed consent and demographic data were obtained, we assessed the anxiety level using State Anxiety Inventory pre and post procedures. Music group patients listened to classical songs through headphones, while the control group received the standard care. Pain score was evaluated with a visual analog scale (VAS). Statistical analysis was conducted using Pearson Chi-square, Fisher's Exact test and T-Test and p-values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 73 patients were enrolled and randomized, resulting in 36 women in the music group and 37 women in the non-music control group. The preoperative mean anxiety score was higher in the music group (46.8 VS 45.8 points). The postoperative mean anxiety scores in the music and the non-music groups were 38.7 and 41.3 points, respectively. VAS was lower in music group (2.55 VS 3.33). The percent change of anxiety was greater in the music group, although there was no significant difference between two groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Music therapy did not significantly reduce anxiety in patients undergoing the LLETZ procedure. However, different interventions should be developed to ease the patients' apprehension during this procedure.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand E-mail : chuenkamonc@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Chompunoot
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kongsawatvorakul
authors.forename: Chuenkamon
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Charakorn
authors.forename: Krissada
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Paiwattananupant
authors.forename: Navamol
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Lekskul
authors.forename: Sasivimol
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rattanasiri
authors.forename: Arb-Aroon
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Lertkhachonsuk
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003127:Colposcopy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004598:Electrosurgery / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D009147:Music Therapy; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D059408:Pain Management; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D011379:Prognosis; D013785:Thailand; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*