title: Cyclopamine bioactivity by extraction method from Veratrum californicum.
abstract: Veratrum californicum, commonly referred to as corn lily or Californian false hellebore, grows in high mountain meadows and produces the steroidal alkaloid cyclopamine, a potent inhibitor of the Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway. The Hh pathway is a crucial regulator of many fundamental processes during vertebrate embryonic development. However, constitutive activation of the Hh pathway contributes to the progression of various cancers. In the present study, a direct correlation was made between the extraction efficiency for cyclopamine from root and rhizome by eight methods, and the associated biological activity in Shh-Light II cells using the Dual-Glo® Luciferase Assay System. Alkaloid recovery ranged from 0.39 to 8.03mg/g, with ethanol soak being determined to be the superior method for obtaining biologically active cyclopamine. Acidic ethanol and supercritical extractions yielded degraded or contaminated cyclopamine with lower antagonistic activity towards Hh signaling.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Boise State University, 1910 University Drive, Boise, ID 83725, United States; Biomolecular Sciences Ph.D. Program, Boise State University, 1910 University Drive, Boise, ID 83725, United States.
authors.forename: Matthew W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Turner
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Boise State University, 1910 University Drive, Boise, ID 83725, United States.
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Cruz
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Boise State University, 1910 University Drive, Boise, ID 83725, United States.
authors.forename: Jared
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mattos
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Boise State University, 1910 University Drive, Boise, ID 83725, United States.
authors.forename: Nic
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Baughman
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Boise State University, 1910 University Drive, Boise, ID 83725, United States.
authors.forename: Jordan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Elwell
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Boise State University, 1910 University Drive, Boise, ID 83725, United States.
authors.forename: Jenny
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fothergill
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Boise State University, 1910 University Drive, Boise, ID 83725, United States.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nielsen
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Boise State University, 1910 University Drive, Boise, ID 83725, United States.
authors.forename: Jessica
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Brookhouse
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Boise State University, 1910 University Drive, Boise, ID 83725, United States.
authors.forename: Ashton
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bartlett
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Boise State University, 1910 University Drive, Boise, ID 83725, United States.
authors.forename: Petr
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Malek
authors.affiliation: Biomolecular Research Center, Boise State University, 1910 University Drive, Boise, ID 83725, United States.
authors.forename: Xinzhu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Pu
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Boise State University, 1910 University Drive, Boise, ID 83725, United States.
authors.forename: Matthew D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: King
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Boise State University, 1910 University Drive, Boise, ID 83725, United States. Electronic address: owenmcdougal@boisestate.edu.
authors.forename: Owen M
authors.initials: OM
authors.lastname: McDougal
mesh_terms: D018533:Biomass; D002460:Cell Line; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D053823:Hedgehog Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D014703:Veratrum / Q000737:chemistry*; D014704:Veratrum Alkaloids / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D053823:Hedgehog Proteins; D014704:Veratrum Alkaloids; C000541:cyclopamine
keywords: Cyclopamine; Hedgehog signaling; Steroidal alkaloids; Veratrum californicum