title: Epigenetics and the glucocorticoid receptor: A review of the implications in depression.
abstract: Depression is a serious psychiatric disorder that effects at least 350 million people worldwide today. Dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPAA) is a robust finding in the pathophysiology of depression. This dysregulation is hypothesized to result from altered central glucocorticoid receptor (GR) levels and/or function as a consequence of chronic glucocorticoid (GC) release, leading to receptor resistance. Pivotal animal and human research to date has identified that early life exposure to prolonged levels of GCs, stress and/or depression, can induce epigenetic modifications at key regions on the GR gene that lead to alterations in GR expression and function. Epigenetics provides an attractive mechanism to explain how ones' genes and environment can interact to produce different disease phenotypes. This review aims to compile the information that has been collected to date and to identify key areas for further investigation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.
authors.forename: Chloe
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Farrell
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland; Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, AMNCH (Tallaght) Hospital, Tallaght, Dublin 24, Ireland.
authors.forename: Veronica
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: O'Keane
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003863:Depression / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D044127:Epigenesis, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*; D015870:Gene Expression; D006801:Humans; D007030:Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System / Q000378:metabolism; D010913:Pituitary-Adrenal System / Q000378:metabolism; D011965:Receptors, Glucocorticoid / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D011965:Receptors, Glucocorticoid