title: Changes in Mothers' Psychosocial Perceptions of Technology-dependent Children and Adolescents at Home in Japan: Acknowledgement of Children's Autonomy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This research was conducted to reveal Japanese mothers' changing perceptions towards their technology-dependent children in the home care setting.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fourteen Japanese mothers participated in semi-structured interviews, which were analyzed using a grounded theory approach.
  
  
  RESULTS
  "Degree of preoccupation with the child" emerged as the category representing the mothers' perceptions towards their child. Three categories emerged that represented the progression of maternal perceptions over time: "accepting the child's conditions", "mastering the management of care in various conditions", and "considering social participation for the child".
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  First, mothers gradually accepted the conditions of their child after his/her disease and disability were known. Second, others managed technology-required care and concurrently considered the social participation of their child through daily care at home. Third, the level of preoccupation with the child was affected by the mothers' management of care and their attitude towards the social participation of their child in home care. In this study, as is widely alleged in historical recognition of Japan, mothers provided daily care almost without help from other family members. Additionally, they thought it natural and good for their children. Above all, especially in Japan, professional support for mothers are necessary so that they can take breaks from care.
authors.affiliation: Division of Nursing, Faculty of Healthcare, Tokyo Healthcare University, Tokyo, Japan; Division of Health Sciences and Nursing, Department of Family Nursing, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan. Electronic address: kaokazaki-tky@umin.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Kaori
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nishigaki
authors.affiliation: Division of Surgery, Department of Surgical Specialties, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Yutaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kanamori
authors.affiliation: Department of Nursing, Administration and Advanced Clinical Nursing, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Mari
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ikeda
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Surgery, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Masahiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sugiyama
authors.affiliation: Former the University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Hideko
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Minowa
authors.affiliation: Division of Health Sciences and Nursing, Department of Family Nursing, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Kiyoko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kamibeppu
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001294:Attitude to Health; D020811:Biomedical Technology; D017028:Caregivers; D002648:Child; D002651:Child Advocacy; D019988:Children with Disabilities / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006699:Home Care Services; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009034:Mother-Child Relations; D009035:Mothers / Q000523:psychology*; D010465:Perception; D026684:Personal Autonomy; D012656:Self-Help Devices; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: disabled children; home nursing; mothers; technology