title: Methanol Extract of Bitter Melon Alleviates UVB-Induced MMPs Expression via MAP Kinase and AP-1 Signaling in Human Dermal Fibroblasts in vitro.
abstract: Ultraviolet (UV) irradiation leads to photo-damage of the skin, which in turn induces expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and reduces type I procollagen. Bitter melon (Momordica charantia L.) has been widely used as a traditional medicine. In this study, we tested the photo-protective effects of methanol extracts of bitter melon pulp (BM) and the mechanism of these effects in normal human dermal fibroblasts (NHDFs). The effects of BM were investigated by measuring the levels of MMP-1, -3 and -9, and type I procollagen following UVB irradiation. We found that BM alleviates UVB-induced MMP-1, -3 and -9 expression at 100 µg/mL (down to 52.0%, 73.5%, and 55.6%, respectively). However, cells treated with 100 µg/mL BM had weakly stimulated type I procollagen expression (up to 130.0%). Moreover, treatment with BM significantly reduced UVB-induced extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and p38 phosphorylation, which resulted in decreasing UVB-induced phosphorylation of c-Fos and c-Jun. Therefore, our results suggest that BM is a potential agent for regulating skin photoaging. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oriental Medicinal Material and Processing, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University Global Campus, 1732 Deokyoungdaero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, 446-701, Korea.
authors.forename: Hyun Ji
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Oriental Medicinal Material and Processing, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University Global Campus, 1732 Deokyoungdaero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, 446-701, Korea.
authors.forename: Eunson
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-Si, Korea.
authors.forename: Bom
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Oriental Medicinal Material and Processing, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University Global Campus, 1732 Deokyoungdaero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, 446-701, Korea.
authors.forename: Mengyang
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Oriental Medicinal Material and Processing, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University Global Campus, 1732 Deokyoungdaero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, 446-701, Korea.
authors.forename: Zheng-Wang
authors.initials: ZW
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-Si, Korea.
authors.forename: Do-Gyeong
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Oriental Medicinal Material and Processing, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University Global Campus, 1732 Deokyoungdaero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, 446-701, Korea.
authors.forename: Sang-Yong
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Oriental Medicinal Material and Processing, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University Global Campus, 1732 Deokyoungdaero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, 446-701, Korea.|Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-Si, Korea.
authors.forename: Tae Hoo
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Yi
mesh_terms: D024042:Collagen Type I / Q000378:metabolism*; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D000432:Methanol / Q000737:chemistry*; D029777:Momordica charantia / Q000737:chemistry*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D012867:Skin / Q000187:drug effects*; D018808:Transcription Factor AP-1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays
chemical_list: D024042:Collagen Type I; D010936:Plant Extracts; D018808:Transcription Factor AP-1; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases; D000432:Methanol
keywords: AP-1; Bitter melon; MAPK; MMPs; Type I procollagen; photoaging