title: Immunohistochemical Properties of the Peripheral Neurons Projecting to the Pig Bulbospongiosus Muscle.
abstract: Retrograde neuronal tracing and single labelling immunofluorescence methods were used to define the neurochemical content of the peripheral autonomic and sensitive neurons projecting to the male pig striated bulbospongiosus muscle (BSM). The retrograde fluorescent neuronal tracer Fast Blue (FB) was injected into the left bulbospongiosus muscle of four intact impuberal pigs. After a 10-day survival time, the ipsilateral sacral sympathetic trunk ganglia (STGs), the caudal mesenteric ganglion (CMG), and the sacral spinal ganglia (SGs) were collected from each animal. In FB+ neurons of these ganglia, the presence of cathecolamine- (tyrosine hydroxylase-TH), acetylcholine- (vesicular acetylcholine transporter-VChAT), or nitric oxide-synthesizing (neuronal Nitric Oxide Synthase-nNOS) enzymes and of some biologically active peptides (calcitonine gene-related peptide-CGRP, Leu-Enkephaline-LENK, Neuropeptide Y-NPY, Substance P-SP and Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide-VIP) were studied. The ipsilateral STGs FB+ neurons showed immunoreactivity principally for TH and NPY and in decreasing order for VIP, VChAT, SP, CGRP, nNOS, and LENK. The left CMG FB+ neurons were immunoreactive to TH and NPY, and in smaller proportions for VIP, LENK, VChAT, CGRP, nNOS, and SP. The ipsilateral SGs FB+ neurons resulted immunoractive for CGRP, LENK, NPY, nNOS, SP, and VChAT. The heterogeneous neurochemical content of the peripheral neurons projecting to the pig BSM allows us to hypothesize the involvement of autonomic ganglia in the activity of both blood vessels and striated fibers of the muscle and the involvement of sensory ganglia in the afferent transmission from the muscle to spinal cord and in antidromic mechanisms that causes the relaxation of the BSM blood vessels. Anat Rec, 299:1192-1202, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Parma, via Del Taglio, Parma, 10 43126, Italy.
authors.forename: Maddalena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Botti
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Parma, via Del Taglio, Parma, 10 43126, Italy.
authors.forename: Luisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ragionieri
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Parma, via Del Taglio, Parma, 10 43126, Italy.
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cacchioli
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Parma, via Del Taglio, Parma, 10 43126, Italy.
authors.forename: Rino
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Panu
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Parma, via Del Taglio, Parma, 10 43126, Italy.
authors.forename: Ferdinando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gazza
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005728:Ganglia, Sympathetic / Q000378:metabolism*; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000378:metabolism*; D009474:Neurons / Q000378:metabolism*; D009479:Neuropeptides / Q000378:metabolism; D052248:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type I / Q000378:metabolism; D013552:Swine; D014446:Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase / Q000378:metabolism; D050494:Vesicular Acetylcholine Transport Proteins / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D009479:Neuropeptides; D050494:Vesicular Acetylcholine Transport Proteins; D052248:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type I; D014446:Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase
keywords: bulbospongiosus muscle; immunohistochemistry; peripheral neurons; pig; retrograde tracing