title: Availability and dose response of phytophenols from a wheat bran rich cereal product in healthy human volunteers.
abstract: Phytophenols present in cereals are metabolised to compounds that could be partly responsible for the reduced risk of chronic diseases and all-cause mortality associated with fibre-rich diets. The bioavailability, form and in vivo concentrations of these metabolites require to be established.
  
  
  
  Eight healthy volunteers consumed a test meal containing a recommended dose (40 g) and high dose (120 g) of ready-to-eat wheat bran cereal and the systemic and colonic metabolites determined quantitatively by LC-MS.
  
  
  
  Analysis of the systemic metabolomes demonstrated that a wide range of phytophenols were absorbed/excreted (43 metabolites) within 5 h of consumption. These included 16 of the 21 major parent compounds identified in the intervention product and several of these were also found to be significantly increased in the colon. Not all of the metabolites were increased with the higher dose, suggesting some limitation in absorption due to intrinsic factors and/or the food matrix. Many compounds identified (e.g. ferulic acid and major metabolites) exhibit anti-inflammatory activity and impact on redox pathways. The combination of postprandial absorption and delivery to the colon, as well as hepatic recycling of the metabolites at these concentrations, is likely to be beneficial to both systemic and gut health.
authors.affiliation: Natural Products Group, Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Madalina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Neacsu
authors.affiliation: Kellogg Europe Trading Limited, Lakeshore Drive, County Dublin, Ireland.
authors.forename: Jolene
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: McMonagle
authors.affiliation: Kellogg Europe Trading Limited, Lakeshore Drive, County Dublin, Ireland.
authors.forename: Reg J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Fletcher
authors.affiliation: Kellogg Europe Trading Limited, Lakeshore Drive, County Dublin, Ireland.
authors.forename: Toine
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hulshof
authors.affiliation: Microbial Ecology Group, Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Sylvia H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Duncan
authors.affiliation: Natural Products Group, Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Lorraine
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Scobbie
authors.affiliation: Scientific Services, Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Gary J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Duncan
authors.affiliation: Scientific Services, Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Louise
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cantlay
authors.affiliation: BIOSS Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Graham
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Horgan
authors.affiliation: Metabolic Health, Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Baukje
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: de Roos
authors.affiliation: Natural Products Group, Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Garry G
authors.initials: GG
authors.lastname: Duthie
authors.affiliation: Natural Products Group, Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Wendy R
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: Russell
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001682:Biological Availability; D003106:Colon / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D003373:Coumaric Acids / Q000652:urine; D004043:Dietary Fiber; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D002523:Edible Grain / Q000737:chemistry*; D005243:Feces / Q000737:chemistry; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010636:Phenols / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000652:urine
chemical_list: D003373:Coumaric Acids; D004043:Dietary Fiber; D010636:Phenols; C004999:ferulic acid
keywords: Human dietary intervention; Metabolomics; Phytochemicals; Subclinical inflammation; Whole grain