title: Volumetric brain abnormalities in polysubstance use disorder patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Polysubstance users represent the largest group of patients seeking treatment at addiction and rehabilitation clinics in Turkey. There is little knowledge about the structural brain abnormalities seen in polysubstance users. This study was conducted to examine the structural brain differences between polysubstance use disorder patients and healthy control subjects using voxel-based morphometry.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-six male polysubstance use disorder patients in the early abstinence period and 30 healthy male controls underwent structural magnetic resonance imaging scans. Voxel-based morphometry analysis was performed to examine gray matter (GM) abnormality differences.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Polysubstance use disorder patients displayed significantly smaller GM volume in the thalamus, temporal pole, superior frontal gyrus, cerebellum, gyrus rectus, occipital lobe, anterior cingulate cortex, superior temporal gyrus, and postcentral gyrus.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A widespread and smaller GM volume has been found at different regions of the frontal, temporal, occipital, and parietal lobes, cerebellum, and anterior cingulate cortex in polysubstance users.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Uskudar University, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Cemal Onur
authors.initials: CO
authors.lastname: Noyan
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Center for Neurobehavioral Research on Addictions, University of Texas Medical School, Houston, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Samet
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kose
authors.affiliation: Acibadem Healthcare Group, Kanuni Sultan Suleyman Research and Training Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Serdar
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nurmedov
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Uskudar University, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Baris
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Metin
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Kanuni Sultan Suleyman Research and Training Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Aslı Enez
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Darcin
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Uskudar University, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Nesrin
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Dilbaz
keywords: early abstinence; gray matter volume; polysubstance use disorders; voxel-based morphometry