title: Evaluation of beam modeling for small fields using a flattening filter-free beam.
abstract: The characteristics of a flattening filter-free (FFF) beam are different from those of a beam with a flattening filter. For small-field dosimetry, the beam data needed by the radiation treatment planning system (RTPS) includes the percent depth dose (PDD), off-center ratio (OCR), and output factor (OPF) for field sizes down to 3 × 3 cm2to calculate the beam model. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of calculations for the FFF beam by the Eclipse™treatment planning system for field sizes smaller than 3 × 3 cm2(2 × 2 and 1 × 1 cm2). We used 6X and 10X FFF beams by the Varian TrueBeam™to produce. The AAA and AXB algorithms of the Eclipse were used to compare the Monte Carlo (MC) calculation and the measurements from three dosimeters, a diode detector, a PinPoint dosimeter, and EBT3 film. The PDD curves and the penumbra width in the OCR calculated by the Eclipse, measured data, and those from the MC calculations were in good agreement to within ±2.8 % and ±0.6 mm, respectively. However, the difference in the OPF values between AAA and AXB for a field size of 1 × 1 cm2was 5.3 % for the 6X FFF beam and 7.6 % for the 10X FFF beam. Therefore, we have to confirm the small field data that is included for the RTPS commission procedures.
authors.affiliation: Section of Radiation Therapy, Department of Clinical Support, Hiroshima University Hospital, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan. daika99@hiroshima-u.ac.jp.|Course of Medical and Dental Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan. daika99@hiroshima-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Daisuke
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kawahara
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan.
authors.forename: Shuichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ozawa
authors.affiliation: Section of Radiation Therapy, Department of Clinical Support, Hiroshima University Hospital, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan.
authors.forename: Takeo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakashima
authors.affiliation: Section of Radiation Therapy, Department of Clinical Support, Hiroshima University Hospital, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan.
authors.forename: Masamichi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Aita
authors.affiliation: Section of Radiation Therapy, Department of Clinical Support, Hiroshima University Hospital, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan.
authors.forename: Shintaro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tsuda
authors.affiliation: Section of Radiation Therapy, Department of Clinical Support, Hiroshima University Hospital, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan.
authors.forename: Yusuke
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ochi
authors.affiliation: Section of Radiation Therapy, Department of Clinical Support, Hiroshima University Hospital, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan.
authors.forename: Takuro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Okumura
authors.affiliation: Section of Radiation Therapy, Department of Clinical Support, Hiroshima University Hospital, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan.
authors.forename: Hirokazu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Masuda
authors.affiliation: Section of Radiation Therapy, Department of Clinical Support, Hiroshima University Hospital, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshimi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ohno
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Murakami
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan.
authors.forename: Yasushi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nagata
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D011880:Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted; D050397:Radiotherapy, Intensity-Modulated / Q000379:methods*
keywords: Flattening filter-free (FFF) beam; Monte Carlo; Output factor; Small field