title: Short-term association between particular matter air pollution and pediatric clinical visits for wheezing in a subarea of Shanghai.
abstract: To assess the association between the concentration of ambient particulate matter (PM) and the pediatric clinical visits for wheezing among children under 3 years old, data of daily air pollutants (PM2.5, PM10, NO2, SO2, CO), meteorological reports, along with the number of daily clinical visits of the children with wheezing at the Pediatric Department of Shanghai Renji Hospital (South Campus) were collected from January through December 2014. Correlation between the levels of air pollutants and the number of clinical patients for wheezing were analyzed by a time series analysis with a generalized addictive model (GAM). During the study period, the daily average concentrations of PM2.5, PM10, NO2, SO2, and CO were 51.84 ± 32.51, 72.69 ± 41.15, 43.25 ± 18.07, 17.45 ± 10.42, and 0.82 ± 0.26 μg/m(3), respectively, which were abnormally higher compared to the standard defined by the Chinese Ministry of Environment Protection. The average number of daily clinical patients with wheezing was 23 ± 14 persons/day. The number of clinical visit by children with wheezing was significantly correlated with concentration of PM2.5 or PM10 when the effect of SO2 and NO2 was adjusted (P < 0.05). It was also found that exposure-response relationship was a linear non-threshold mode when it was analyzed by the GAM, and the percent of the clinical visits of children with wheezing increased from 0 to nearly 20 % with every interquartile increase of PM2.5. The visiting number of children at a pediatric outpatient clinic increased due to the increase of PM2.5 in Pujiang, Shanghai, China.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, South Campus, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 201112, China.
authors.forename: Wenjie
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Shan
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, South Campus, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 201112, China. luyanming_2015@163.com.
authors.forename: Yanming
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Department of Allergy, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China. guoyinshi_2015@163.com.
authors.forename: Yinshi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, South Campus, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 201112, China.
authors.forename: Yaqin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, South Campus, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 201112, China.
authors.forename: Lingyun
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, South Campus, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 201112, China.
authors.forename: Lanfang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cao
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D000397:Air Pollution / Q000032:analysis / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D000553:Ambulatory Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D019570:Inhalation Exposure / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008297:Male; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D052638:Particulate Matter / Q000032:analysis*; D012135:Respiratory Sounds / Q000209:etiology*; D012140:Respiratory Tract Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D052638:Particulate Matter
keywords: Air pollution; GAM model; Particulate matter (PM); Pediatric; Wheezing