title: Human milk intake in preterm infants and neurodevelopment at 18 months corrected age.
abstract: The effect of human milk intake on neurodevelopment in preterm infants is uncertain.
  
  
  
  We analyzed data from 611 participants in the DHA for Improvement of Neurodevelopmental Outcomes study, enrolled at ≤33 wk gestation from five Australian perinatal centers. The main exposures were (i) average daily human milk intake during the neonatal hospitalization and (ii) total duration of human milk intake before and after discharge. Outcomes were Bayley Scales of Infant Development, 2nd Edition Mental (MDI), and Psychomotor (PDI) Development Indexes.
  
  
  
  Adjusting for confounders in linear regression, human milk intake was not associated with higher MDI (0.2 points per 25 ml/kg/d; 95% confidence interval (CI): -0.6, 1.0) or PDI (-0.3 points; 95% CI: -1.1, 0.4). Longer duration of human milk intake was also not associated with MDI (0.1 points per month; 95% CI: -0.2, 0.3) or PDI (-0.2 points per month; 95% CI: -0.5, 0.01) scores, except in infants born 29-33 wk gestation (n = 364, MDI 0.3 points higher per additional month, 95% CI: 0.1, 0.6).
  
  
  
  We found no associations of human milk intake during the neonatal hospitalization with neurodevelopment at 18 mo corrected age.
authors.affiliation: Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Talia
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Jacobi-Polishook
authors.affiliation: Women's and Children's Health Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia.|Healthy Mothers, Babies and Children, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia.|School of Pediatrics and Reproductive Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.
authors.forename: Carmel T
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Collins
authors.affiliation: School of Population Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.
authors.forename: Thomas R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Sullivan
authors.affiliation: Centre for Neonatal Research and Education, School of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Simmer
authors.affiliation: Obesity Prevention Program, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School/Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Matthew W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Gillman
authors.affiliation: Women's and Children's Health Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia.|Healthy Mothers, Babies and Children, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia.|School of Agriculture, Food, and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.
authors.forename: Robert A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Gibson
authors.affiliation: Women's and Children's Health Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia.|Healthy Mothers, Babies and Children, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia.|School of Pediatrics and Reproductive Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Makrides
authors.affiliation: Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.|Department of Pediatric Newborn Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Mandy B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Belfort
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001315:Australia; D002657:Child Development; D053198:Child Nutrition Sciences; D005260:Female; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature / Q000254:growth & development*; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D008895:Milk, Human; D011597:Psychomotor Performance; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome