title: Low insulin-like growth factor 1 is associated with low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and metabolic syndrome in Chinese nondiabetic obese children and adolescents: a cross-sectional study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Low serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) is an independent risk factor for developing cardiovascular disease. Insulin-like growth factor 1(IGF-1) levels have been proven to be positively associated with HDL-C, but few studies were based on the dataset of children or adolescents. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship among IGF-1, HDL-C and the metabolic syndrome in Chinese nondiabetic obese children and adolescents.
  
  
  METHODS
  As a cross-sectional study, this study includes 120 obese Chinese children and adolescents and 120 healthy ones. The obese subjects were divided into two groups based on using 1.03 mmol/L as a threshold value for HDL-C. Clinical examination and laboratory examinations were assessed for all participants.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Obese subjects had significantly lower IGF-1SDS and higher Height SDS than those in the control group. Among 120 obese children and adolescents, 22 (18.3 %) subjects had an HDL-C level <1.03 mmol/L. IGF-1SDS was significantly lower (P = 0.001) in obese subjects with low HDL-C. According to the results of multivariate logistic regression analysis, IGF-1 SDS is significantly associated with low HDL-C(OR 0.518, 95 % CI 0.292-0.916; P = 0.024), after being adjusted for age, gender, pubertal status, BMI SDS, SBP, DBP, HOMR-IR, total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein-cholesterol, triglycerides, ALT and uric acid. In addition, IGF-1 SDS is significantly correlated with the level of serum HDL-C in study population (r = 0.19, P = 0.003). Based on logistic regression analysis with adjustment for age, gender and pubertal status, the increased IGF-1 SDS was associated with a decreased probability of metabolic syndrome (OR 0.555, 95 % CI 0.385-0.801; P = 0.002) and hypertriglyceridemia (OR 0.582, 95 % CI 0.395-0.856; P = 0.006), but no significant correlation with hypertension.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Obese children had lower IGF-1SDS and taller stature compared with the control group. Low levels of IGF-1 SDS were associated with low levels of HDL-C in chinese nondiabetic obese children and adolescents, independent of insulin resistance, as well as other traditional cardiovascular disease risk markers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, 9677 Jingshi Road, Jinan, 250021, China.
authors.forename: Shuang
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, 9677 Jingshi Road, Jinan, 250021, China.
authors.forename: Yanyan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, 9677 Jingshi Road, Jinan, 250021, China.
authors.forename: Caihong
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, 9677 Jingshi Road, Jinan, 250021, China.
authors.forename: Jianhong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Qi
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, 9677 Jingshi Road, Jinan, 250021, China. lgmusa05@163.com.
authors.forename: Guimei
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2990-1895
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000410:Alanine Transaminase / Q000097:blood; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D015992:Body Mass Index; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood*; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005215:Fasting; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015228:Hypertriglyceridemia / Q000097:blood*; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000378:metabolism*; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000097:blood*; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood; D014527:Uric Acid / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D014280:Triglycerides; D014527:Uric Acid; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; D000410:Alanine Transaminase
keywords: Children; High-density lipoprotein cholesterol; Insulin like growth factor 1; Metabolic syndrome; Obesity