title: Personally Meaningful Rituals: A Way to Increase Compassion and Decrease Burnout among Hospice Staff and Volunteers.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Rituals can increase a sense of connectedness, meaning, and support, especially after the death of those for whom we care. Hospice staff may benefit from the use of personal rituals as they cope with the frequent deaths of their patients, ultimately aiming to provide compassionate care while minimizing burnout.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study investigated the role of personally meaningful rituals in increasing compassion and decreasing burnout among hospice staff and volunteers.
  
  
  METHODS
  An online survey was completed by members of the National Hospice and Palliative Care Organization (NHPCO) which inquired about personal ritual practices, and included the Professional Quality of Life (ProQOL) scale to measure current levels of Compassion Satisfaction, Burnout, and Secondary Traumatic Stress.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three hundred ninety hospice staff and volunteers from across 38 states completed the online survey. The majority of participants were Caucasian and female, with an average of nine years of experience in hospice and palliative care.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The majority of hospice staff and volunteers used personally meaningful rituals after the death of their patients to help them cope (71%). Those who used rituals demonstrated significantly higher Compassion Satisfaction and significantly lower Burnout as measured by the ProQOL, with professional support, social support, and age playing significant roles as well.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Rituals may be an important way to increase compassion and decrease burnout among hospice staff and volunteers. Organizations may benefit from providing training and support for personalized rituals among team members, especially new staff who may be at greater risk for burnout.
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California , San Diego, La Jolla, California.|2 Moores Cancer Center, Psychiatry and Psychosocial Services, Patient and Family Support Services, University of California , San Diego, San Diego, California.|3 Department of Psychiatry, University of California , San Diego, San Diego, California.
authors.forename: Lori P
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Montross-Thomas
authors.affiliation: 2 Moores Cancer Center, Psychiatry and Psychosocial Services, Patient and Family Support Services, University of California , San Diego, San Diego, California.|4 California School of Professional Psychology, Alliant International University , San Diego, California.
authors.forename: Caroline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Scheiber
authors.affiliation: 2 Moores Cancer Center, Psychiatry and Psychosocial Services, Patient and Family Support Services, University of California , San Diego, San Diego, California.|3 Department of Psychiatry, University of California , San Diego, San Diego, California.
authors.forename: Emily A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Meier
authors.affiliation: 5 Cedars-Sinai Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute , San Diego, California.
authors.forename: Scott A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Irwin