title: Selective Nuclear Factor Kappa b (NFkB) Inhibitor, Pyrrolidium Dithiocarbamate Prevents, Long-Term Histologic Damage in Ischemia-Reperfusion Injuries after Delayed Testicular Torsion.
abstract: Nuclear factor kapa b (NFKB) is a transcription factor that is required for cytokine-mediated induction of the human inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) gene. Recent studies have shown that in the pathophysiology of ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injuries NFKB is involved. In our study we aimed to determine the efficacy of the selective NFKB inhibitor, pyrrolidium dithiocarbamate (PDTC), on long-term histological damage in testicular IR injuries.
  
  
  
  Twenty-one adult male Wistar albino rats were divided into 3 equal groups. In groups 1-2, the left testes in rats underwent 4 hours of 720&deg; experimental torsion. In group 2, PDTC (100 mg/kg) was administered intraperitoneally in the last 1 hour before detorsion; and group 3 underwent a sham operation. All rats underwent bilateral orchiectomy 45 days after the experiment. The testes weights were measured and compared to the other groups and their contralateral values. Testes samples were fixed with Bouin solution for histological (Johnsen score) and immunohistochemical examination. Immunohistochemically iNOS and an active subunit of NFKB, p65 were evaluated using mouse primary monoclonal antibodies and were evaluated semi quantitatively.
  
  
  
  Testicular weights and Johnsen scores in ipsilateral testes were 0.67 &plusmn; 0.85, 1.54 &plusmn; 0.11, 1.84 &plusmn; 0.64 and 1.63 (1-4), 6.94 (4-10), 5.29 (1-9) in the torsion, sham and PDTC groups, respectively. In contralateral testes the same values were 1.74 &plusmn; 0.84, 1.59 &plusmn; 0.13, 1.50 &plusmn; 0.54 and 5.38 (2-8), 7.17 (5-10), 6.30 (4-9). Testicular weights and Johnsen scores were significantly different in the ipsilateral torsion group (P &lt; .05). In the PDTC group testicular weights and Johnsen scores were similar with the control group (P &gt; .05). Immunohistochemically there was marked staining in the iNOS and p65 expressions in the torsion group compared with group 2 and 3. In rats administered PDTC, iNOS and p65 expressions were significantly reduced compared with the torsion group. There were no significant differences between the histological and immunohistochemical results of groups 2 and 3.
  
  
  
  This data suggests that IR induces iNOS expressions through the activation of NFKB, p65. The NFKB pathway plays major role in testicular reperfusion injuries. It is possible to prevent reperfusion injuries using selective the NFKB inhibitor.&nbsp.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Derince Training and Research Hospital, Kocaeli, Turkey.
authors.forename: Levent
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ozcan
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Okmeydani Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Alper
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Otunctemur
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Okmeydani Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey. dremrecan@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Emre Can
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Polat
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Okmeydani Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Emin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ozbek
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Sisli Etfal Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Sinan Levent
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Kirecci
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Fatih Sultan Mehmet Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Adnan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Somay
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D011759:Pyrrolidines / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D013086:Spermatic Cord Torsion / Q000150:complications*; D013737:Testis / Q000098:blood supply*; D013859:Thiocarbamates / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D016328:NF-kappa B; D011759:Pyrrolidines; D013859:Thiocarbamates; C020972:pyrrolidine dithiocarbamic acid