title: Depressive symptoms of house-poor persons: Korean panel data evidence.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There are no studies researching the relationship between house-poor persons and mental health. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between house-poor status and depressive symptoms.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To examine the relationship between the house-poor and depressive symptoms according to household income.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data from the Korean Welfare Panel Study were used. House-poor were defined as people having possession with over 10% house-related interest in disposable income. About 7,565 participants over the age of 19 years were followed up from 2011 to 2013. The generalized estimating equations were used for analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Individuals with more house-related debt showed increasingly higher depression scores (possession with under 5% related debt to disposable income β = 0.2024, p = .1544; under 10% β = 0.7030, p = .0008; over 10% β = 1.3207, p < .0001). Individuals possessing houses with over 10% ratio of house-related debts to disposable income had higher depression scores than individuals without house ownership (no possession β = 0.8927, p < .0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Individuals without houses and individuals owning houses with higher percentages of house-related interests showed higher levels of depressive symptoms. Therefore, this study affirmed that the importance of considering the most vulnerable groups in addressing the mental health of individual.
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea Institute of Health Services Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Tae-Hoon
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Institute of Health Services Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Eun-Cheol
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea Institute of Health Services Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Woorim
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea Institute of Health Services Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Juyeong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Institute of Health Services Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jaeyong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.affiliation: Institute of Health Services Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea Graduate School of Public Health, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea THKIM@yuhs.ac.
authors.forename: Tae Hyun
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003863:Depression / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005191:Family Characteristics; D005260:Female; D006798:Housing / Q000191:economics*; D006801:Humans; D007182:Income / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008603:Mental Health; D008875:Middle Aged; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D056910:Republic of Korea; D012307:Risk Factors; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Depressive symptom; house tenure; house-poor; housing affordability