title: Larger corpus callosum and reduced orbitofrontal cortex homotopic connectivity in codeine cough syrup-dependent male adolescents and young adults.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To characterize interhemispheric functional and anatomical connectivity and their relationships with impulsive behaviour in codeine-containing cough syrup (CCS)-dependent male adolescents and young adults.
  
  
  METHODS
  We compared volumes of corpus callosum (CC) and its five subregion and voxel-mirrored homotopic functional connectivity (VMHC) in 33 CCS-dependent male adolescents and young adults and 38 healthy controls, group-matched for age, education and smoking status. Barratt impulsiveness scale (BIS.11) was used to assess participant impulsive behaviour. Abnormal CC subregions and VMHC revealed by group comparison were extracted and correlated with impulsive behaviour and duration of CCS use.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found selective increased mid-posterior CC volume in CCS-dependent male adolescents and young adults and detected decreased homotopic interhemispheric functional connectivity of medial orbitofrontal cortex (OFC). Moreover, impairment of VMHC was associated with the impulsive behaviour and correlated with the duration of CCS abuse in CCS-dependent male adolescents and young adults.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings reveal CC abnormalities and disruption of interhemispheric homotopic connectivity in CCS-dependent male adolescents and young adults, which provide a novel insight into the impact of interhemispheric disconnectivity on impulsive behaviour in substance addiction pathophysiology.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  • CCS-dependent individuals (patients) had selective increased volumes of mid-posterior corpus callosum • Patients had attenuated interhemispheric homotopic FC (VMHC) of bilateral orbitofrontal cortex • Impairment of VMHC correlated with impulsive behaviour in patients • Impairment of VMHC correlated with the CCS duration in patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Imaging, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, SunYat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China. yingwei.qiu@duke-nus.edu.sg.|Department of Medical Imaging, Guangdong No.2 Provincial People's Hospital, Guangzhou, 510317, People's Republic of China. yingwei.qiu@duke-nus.edu.sg.|Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Neuroscience and Behavioral Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore. yingwei.qiu@duke-nus.edu.sg.
authors.forename: Ying-Wei
authors.initials: YW
authors.lastname: Qiu
authors.affiliation: Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xiao-Fei
authors.initials: XF
authors.lastname: Lv
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Imaging, Guangdong No.2 Provincial People's Hospital, Guangzhou, 510317, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Gui-Hua
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Imaging, Guangdong No.2 Provincial People's Hospital, Guangzhou, 510317, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Huan-Huan
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Su
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Imaging, Guangdong No.2 Provincial People's Hospital, Guangzhou, 510317, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xiao-Fen
authors.initials: XF
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Imaging, Guangdong No.2 Provincial People's Hospital, Guangzhou, 510317, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Jun-Zhang
authors.initials: JZ
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.affiliation: Addiction Medicine Division, Guangdong No.2 Provincial People's Hospital, Guangzhou, 510317, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Fu-Zhen
authors.initials: FZ
authors.lastname: Zhuo
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000996:Antitussive Agents; D001921:Brain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D001931:Brain Mapping; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002681:China; D003061:Codeine; D003337:Corpus Callosum / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D059907:Functional Neuroimaging; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D009434:Neural Pathways / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D009293:Opioid-Related Disorders / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology; D009929:Organ Size; D017397:Prefrontal Cortex / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000996:Antitussive Agents; D003061:Codeine
keywords: Addiction; Connectivity; Corpus callosum; Cough medicine; Interhemispheric