title: G-protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 in pancreatic cancer: clinicopathologic and prognostic significance.
abstract: G-protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK2) was found to regulate biological behaviors in some cancers, including pancreatic cancer (PC). However, its clinicopathologic and prognostic implications in cancer remain unclear. This study was designed to address the issues in PC. Expression of GRK2 was measured by Western blotting and tissue microarray-based immunohistochemical staining in 3 and 171 patients with PC, respectively. The H-score was used to evaluate the staining results. In addition, GRK2 expression was correlated with clinicopathologic variables and overall survival. Finally, the prognostic value of GRK2 was validated in a publically available PC dataset, GSE21501. It was suggested that GRK2 expression was highly up-regulated in 2 out of 3 tumor samples, in contrast to corresponding non-tumor ones. Furthermore, H-score of GRK2 staining was significantly higher in tumor than in non-tumor tissues. Tumoral expression of GRK2 was significantly associated with T stage. Univariate analysis showed that high GRK2 expression in tumor tissues was predictive for poor overall survival of PC. However, GRK2 expression was not identified as an independent prognostic marker in multivariate Cox regression test, although close to the statistical significance. In dataset GSE21501, GRK2 was also revealed to be prognostic. Our data establish that GRK2 is overexpressed in PC, and might serve as a potential indicator of unfavorable prognosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China.
authors.forename: Meng-Yi
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China.
authors.forename: Zhi-Yong
authors.initials: ZY
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China.
authors.forename: Wei-Xun
authors.initials: WX
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China.
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: You
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China.
authors.forename: Bo-Ju
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China. Electronic address: lqpumc@126.com.
authors.forename: Quan
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Liao
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China. Electronic address: zhao8028@263.net.
authors.forename: Yu-Pei
authors.initials: YP
authors.lastname: Zhao
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis* / Q000235:genetics; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002681:China; D019295:Computational Biology; D030541:Databases, Genetic; D005260:Female; D054769:G-Protein-Coupled Receptor Kinase 2 / Q000032:analysis* / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012307:Risk Factors; D046888:Tissue Array Analysis; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; C496567:GRK2 protein, human; D054769:G-Protein-Coupled Receptor Kinase 2
keywords: G-protein-coupled receptor kinase 2; Immunohistochemistry; Pancreatic cancer; Prognosis; Tissue microarray