title: The Effects of Levetiracetam on Cerebrospinal Fluid and Plasma NPY and GAL, and on the Components of Stress Response System, hs-CRP, and S100B Protein in Serum of Patients with Refractory Epilepsy.
abstract: Our objective is to explore the effects of levetiracetam on the levels of neuropeptides, serum activity and concentrations of oxidative stress and inflammatory response proteins, and levels of brain injury marker in patients with refractory epilepsy. Seventy-two patients with refractory epilepsy received levetiracetam treatment. Neuropeptides galanin (GAL) and neuropeptide Y (NPY) in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were detected using double-antibody sandwich immunoassay and radioimmunoassay, respectively. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect serum activity of paraoxonase (PON1) and serum concentrations of oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) and S100B. Arylesterase (ARE) activity was measured by colorimetric assay, and immune scatter turbidimetry was used to detect a high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP). After treatment, NPY and GAL in plasma and CSF of the patients were significantly decreased as compared to concentrations before treatment (P < 0.05). Levetiracetam reduced serum activities of PON1 and ARE (P < 0.05) and led to markedly increased serum levels of ox-LDL (P < 0.05). Serum concentrations of hs-CRP and S100B protein were significantly lower after levetiracetam administrations than before treatment (P < 0.05). Levetiracetam treatment had a clear beneficial effect on the overall quality of life (QOL) scores of the patients, as indicated by significantly improved cognitive functioning, behavior problems, emotional conditioning, physical condition, social functioning, self-assessed life quality score, self-assessed health score, and the total QOL score (P < 0.05). Levetiracetam can improve life quality of patients with refractory epilepsy, decrease NPY and GAL in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid, serum PON1 and ARE activities, and serum levels of ox-LDL, hs-CRP, and S100B. Levetiracetam therefore may be considered a drug of choice for treating refractory epilepsy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, (Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital), Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, No. 301 Middle Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200072, China.
authors.forename: Wenzhen
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, (Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital), Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, No. 301 Middle Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200072, China.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, (Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital), Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, No. 301 Middle Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200072, China.
authors.forename: Yuxing
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ge
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, (Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital), Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, No. 301 Middle Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200072, China. dryujuanchen@sina.com.
authors.forename: Yujuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, (Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital), Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, No. 301 Middle Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200072, China. drxueyuanliu@sina.com.
authors.forename: Xueyuan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D043303:Aryldialkylphosphatase / Q000097:blood; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000032:analysis*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D019004:Galanin / Q000097:blood* / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid; D006801:Humans; D000077287:Levetiracetam; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009478:Neuropeptide Y / Q000097:blood* / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid; D010889:Piracetam / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011788:Quality of Life; D011863:Radioimmunoassay; D064568:S100 Calcium Binding Protein beta Subunit / Q000097:blood*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL; D009478:Neuropeptide Y; D064568:S100 Calcium Binding Protein beta Subunit; C099252:oxidized low density lipoprotein; D000077287:Levetiracetam; D019004:Galanin; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D043303:Aryldialkylphosphatase; D010889:Piracetam
keywords: Levetiracetam; Refractory epilepsy; Serum