title: Identification of a novel MLPK homologous gene MLPKn1 and its expression analysis in Brassica oleracea.
abstract: M locus protein kinase, one of the SRK-interacting proteins, is a necessary positive regulator for the self-incompatibility response in Brassica. In B. rapa, MLPK is expressed as two different transcripts, MLPKf1 and MLPKf2, and either isoform can complement the mlpk/mlpk mutation. The AtAPK1B gene has been considered to be the ortholog of BrMLPK, and AtAPK1B has no role in self-incompatibility (SI) response in A. thaliana SRK-SCR plants. Until now, what causes the MLPK and APK1B function difference during SI response in Brassica and A. thaliana SRKb-SCRb plants has remained unknown. Here, in addition to the reported MLPKf1/2, we identified the new MLPKf1 homologous gene MLPKn1 from B. oleracea. BoMLPKn1 and BoMLPKf1 shared nucleotide sequence identity as high as 84.3 %, and the most striking difference consisted in two fragment insertions in BoMLPKn1. BoMLPKn1 and BoMLPKf1 had a similar gene structure; both their deduced amino acid sequences contained a typical plant myristoylation consensus sequence and a Ser/Thr protein kinase domain. BoMLPKn1 was widely expressed in petal, sepal, anther, stigma and leaf. Genome-wide survey revealed that the B. oleracea genome contained three MLPK homologous genes: BoMLPKf1/2, BoMLPKn1 and Bol008343n. The B. rapa genome also contained three MLPK homologous genes, BrMLPKf1/2, BraMLPKn1 and Bra040929. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that BoMLPKf1/2 and BrMLPKf1/2 were phylogenetically more distant from AtAPK1A than Bol008343n, Bra040929, BraMLPKn1 and BoMLPKn1, Synteny analysis revealed that the B. oleracea chromosomal region containing BoMLPKn1 displayed high synteny with the A. thaliana chromosomal region containing APK1B, whereas the B. rapa chromosomal region containing BraMLPKn1 showed high synteny with the A. thaliana chromosomal region containing APK1B. Together, these results revealed that BoMLPKn1/BraMLPKn1, and not the formerly reported BoMLPKf1/2 (BrMLPKf1/2), was the orthologous genes of AtAPK1B, and no ortholog of BoMLPKf1/2 (BrMLPKf1/2) was found in the A. thaliana genome. We speculated that Brassica MLPKf1/2 might have emerged after speciation of Brassica and A. thailiana, and that it was recruited to the SRK-triggered SI signaling cascade in Brassica.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountainous Regions, Ministry of Education/College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China. gaoqg2004031@163.com.
authors.forename: Qiguo
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountainous Regions, Ministry of Education/College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
authors.forename: Songmei
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountainous Regions, Ministry of Education/College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
authors.forename: Yudong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountainous Regions, Ministry of Education/College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
authors.forename: Quanming
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Pu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountainous Regions, Ministry of Education/College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
authors.forename: Xiaohuan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountainous Regions, Ministry of Education/College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China. zhuliquan@swu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Liquan
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhu
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D001937:Brassica / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D018745:Genome, Plant / Q000235:genetics*; D010802:Phylogeny; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000072417:Protein Domains; D020033:Protein Isoforms; D011494:Protein Kinases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D060436:Self-Incompatibility in Flowering Plants; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D015398:Signal Transduction; D026801:Synteny
chemical_list: D010940:Plant Proteins; D020033:Protein Isoforms; D011494:Protein Kinases
keywords: Brassica oleracea; Cloning and sequence analysis; M locus protein kinase (MLPK); Synteny analysis; Tissue expression pattern