title: N-acetylcysteine amid reduces pancreatic damage in a rat model of acute necrotizing pancreatitis.
abstract: Inflammatory explosion and oxidative stress are important mechanisms of injury in acute necrotizing pancreatitis (ANP). This study investigated the effects of N-acetylcysteine amid (NACA), a novel cell-permeant antioxidant with anti-inflammatory activity, on experimental ANP in rats.
  
  
  
  Fifty-two adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were used, and ANP was induced by cerulein. The animals were divided into four groups which were sham + saline, sham + NACA, ANP + saline, and ANP + NACA. NACA (2.2 mg/kg, i.p) was administered for 6 h, after the induction of ANP. The extent of acinar cell injury, mortality, systemic cardiorespiratory variables, functional capillary density, renal/hepatic functions, and changes in some enzyme markers for pancreas and lung tissues were investigated.
  
  
  
  Induction of ANP increased mortality from 0% in the sham group to 43.75% in the ANP + saline group (P < 0.05), and administration of NACA significantly reduced mortality to 12.5% (P < 0.05). Induction of ANP also caused increases in pancreatic necrosis, serum amylase, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), interleukin-6, LDH in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, serum urea, tissue myeloperoxidase in pancreas and lung tissues and malondialdehyde. There was less pronounced increase in these parameters in NACA treated group. Compared with ANP group, ANP + NACA group had lower levels of pancreatic necrosis (0.5 ± 0.2 versus 1.45 ± 0.2, P < 0.05) and inflammation (0.6 ± 0.2 versus 1.29 ± 00.3, P < 0.05) scores.
  
  
  
  Administration of NACA significantly decreased the ANP-induced mortality and also provided significant improvements in hemodynamic changes. The obtained positive effects of NACA on the course of pancreatitis indicates its potential usefulness in the management of ANP.
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Farabi Hospital, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey. Electronic address: serdarturkyilmaz@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Serdar
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Turkyilmaz
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Farabi Hospital, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey.
authors.forename: Arif
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Usta
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Farabi Hospital, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey.
authors.forename: Arif Burak
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Cekic
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Farabi Hospital, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey.
authors.forename: Etem
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Alhan
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Farabi Hospital, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey.
authors.forename: Birgül Vanizor
authors.initials: BV
authors.lastname: Kural
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Kocaeli University School of Medicine, Umuttepe, Kocaeli, Turkey.
authors.forename: Cengiz
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ercin
mesh_terms: D000111:Acetylcysteine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D002108:Ceruletide; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000187:drug effects; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects / Q000503:physiopathology; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D010179:Pancreas / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D019283:Pancreatitis, Acute Necrotizing / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D015415:Biomarkers; C487056:N-Acetylcysteinamide; D002108:Ceruletide; D000111:Acetylcysteine
keywords: Acute necrotizing pancreatitis; N-acetylcysteine amid; NACA