title: Evolving lessons on nanomaterial-coated viral vectors for local and systemic gene therapy.
abstract: Viral vectors are promising gene carriers for cancer therapy. However, virus-mediated gene therapies have demonstrated insufficient therapeutic efficacy in clinical trials due to rapid dissemination to nontarget tissues and to the immunogenicity of viral vectors, resulting in poor retention at the disease locus and induction of adverse inflammatory responses in patients. Further, the limited tropism of viral vectors prevents efficient gene delivery to target tissues. In this regard, modification of the viral surface with nanomaterials is a promising strategy to augment vector accumulation at the target tissue, circumvent the host immune response, and avoid nonspecific interactions with the reticuloendothelial system or serum complement. In the present review, we discuss various chemical modification strategies to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of viral vectors delivered either locally or systemically. We conclude by highlighting the salient features of various nanomaterial-coated viral vectors and their prospects and directions for future research.
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Dayananda
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kasala
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: A-Rum
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Yoon
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jinwoo
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.|Department of Pharmaceutics & Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Center for Controlled Chemical Delivery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.
authors.forename: Sung Wan
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Chae-Ok
authors.initials: CO
authors.lastname: Yun
mesh_terms: D000256:Adenoviridae / Q000235:genetics; D000818:Animals; D000229:Dependovirus / Q000235:genetics; D015316:Genetic Therapy; D005822:Genetic Vectors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D016086:Lentivirus / Q000235:genetics; D049329:Nanostructures / Q000737:chemistry*; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000628:therapy; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry*; D012190:Retroviridae / Q000235:genetics; D013499:Surface Properties
chemical_list: D011108:Polymers
keywords: adeno-associated virus; adenovirus; bioreducible polymers; cationic polymers; gene therapy; hydrogels; lentivirus; local delivery; systemic administration; viral vectors