title: Interaction between polyphenols intake and PON1 gene variants on markers of cardiovascular disease: a nutrigenetic observational study.
abstract: Paraoxonase 1 (PON1) gene polymorphisms and polyphenols intake have been reported independently associated to lipid profile and susceptibility to atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease. However, the interaction between these factors remains to be investigated. We performed an observational nutrigenetic study to examine whether the interaction between polyphenols and anthocyanins intake and PON1 genetic variants can modulate biomarkers of cardiovascular health in an Italian healthy population.
  
  
  
  We recruited 443 healthy volunteers who participated in the EC funded ATHENA project (AnThocyanin and polyphenols bioactive for Health Enhancement through Nutritional Advancement). Data collection included detailed demographic, clinical, dietary, lifestyle, biochemical and genetic data. Polyphenols and anthocyanins intake was measured by 24 h dietary recall repeated three times a year in order to get seasonal variations. We tested the interaction between 18 independent tagging SNPs in PON1 gene and polyphenols intake on HDL, LDL, cholesterol, triglycerides and atherogenic index of plasma.
  
  
  
  Without considering the genetic background, we could not observe significant differences in the lipid profile between high and low polyphenols and anthocyanins intake. Using a nutrigenetic approach, we identified protective genotypes in four independent polymorphisms that, at Bonferroni level (p ≤ 0.0028), present a significant association with increased HDL level under high polyphenols and anthocyanins intake, compared to risk genotypes (rs854549, Beta = 4.7 per C allele; rs854552, Beta = 5.6 per C allele; rs854571, Beta = 3.92 per T allele; rs854572, Beta = 3.94 per C allele).
  
  
  
  We highlight the protective role of genetic variants in PON1 towards cardiovascular risk under high polyphenols and anthocyanins consumption. PON1 variants could represent novel biomarkers to stratify individuals who might benefit from targeted dietary recommendation for health promotion and strategies of preventive medicine.
authors.affiliation: Genomics and Bionformatics Unit, Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, viale Ortles 22/4, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Federica
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Rizzi
authors.affiliation: Genomics and Bionformatics Unit, Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, viale Ortles 22/4, Milan, Italy.|Kos Genetic srl, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Costanza
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Conti
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, Via Antonio di Rudinì 8, Milan, Italy.|Fondazione Umberto Veronesi, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Dogliotti
authors.affiliation: Division of Translational Medicine, Sidra Medical Research Center, Doha, Qatar.
authors.forename: Annalisa
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Terranegra
authors.affiliation: Genomics and Bionformatics Unit, Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, viale Ortles 22/4, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Erika
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Salvi
authors.affiliation: Genomics and Bionformatics Unit, Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, viale Ortles 22/4, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Daniele
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Braga
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, Via Antonio di Rudinì 8, Milan, Italy.|Sport Medicine Division, Department of Public Health, University Federico II, Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Flavia
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ricca
authors.affiliation: Genomics and Bionformatics Unit, Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, viale Ortles 22/4, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lupoli
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Antonio di Rudinì 8, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Alessandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mingione
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Antonio di Rudinì 8, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pivari
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Antonio di Rudinì 8, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Caterina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Brasacchio
authors.affiliation: Genomics and Bionformatics Unit, Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, viale Ortles 22/4, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Matteo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Barcella
authors.affiliation: Genomics and Bionformatics Unit, Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, viale Ortles 22/4, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Martina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chittani
authors.affiliation: Genomics and Bionformatics Unit, Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, viale Ortles 22/4, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: D'Avila
authors.affiliation: IRCCS Galeazzi Orthopedic Institute, Via Riccardo Galeazzi, 4, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Maurizio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Turiel
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Clinical Pathology and Medical Genetics, Foundation IRCCS Neurological Institute C. Besta, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Monica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lazzaroni
authors.affiliation: Genomics and Bionformatics Unit, Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, viale Ortles 22/4, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Soldati
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, Via Antonio di Rudinì 8, Milan, Italy.|Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Antonio di Rudinì 8, Milan, Italy.|Institute of Biomedical Technologies, Italian National Centre of Research, Segrate, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Daniele
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cusi
authors.affiliation: Genomics and Bionformatics Unit, Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, viale Ortles 22/4, Milan, Italy. cristina.barlassina@unimi.it.
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Barlassina
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000872:Anthocyanins / Q000494:pharmacology; D043303:Aryldialkylphosphatase / Q000235:genetics*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism*; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D054647:Nutrigenomics; D010641:Phenotype; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide / Q000235:genetics*; D059808:Polyphenols / Q000494:pharmacology*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000872:Anthocyanins; D015415:Biomarkers; D059808:Polyphenols; D043303:Aryldialkylphosphatase
keywords: Anthocyanins; Antioxidants; Gene diet interaction; Genetic variants; HDL; Lipid profile; Nutrigenomics; PON1 gene; Polyphenols