title: Reflective Polyethylene Mulch Reduces Mexican Bean Beetle (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) Densities and Damage in Snap Beans.
abstract: Mexican bean beetle, Epilachna varivestis Mulsant, is a serious pest of snap beans, Phaseolus vulgaris L., in the eastern United States. These beetles are intolerant to direct sunlight, explaining why individuals are typically found on the undersides of leaves and in the lower portion of the plant canopy. We hypothesized that snap beans grown on reflective, agricultural polyethylene (plastic mulch) would have fewer Mexican bean beetles and less injury than those grown on black plastic or bare soil. In 2014 and 2015, beans were seeded into beds of metallized, white, and black plastic, and bare soil, in field plots near Blacksburg, VA. Mexican bean beetle density, feeding injury, predatory arthropods, and snap bean yield were sampled. Reflected light intensity, temperature, and humidity were monitored using data loggers. Pyranometer readings showed that reflected light intensity was highest over metallized plastic and second highest over white plastic; black plastic and bare soil were similarly low. Temperature and humidity were unaffected by treatments. Significant reductions in Mexican bean beetle densities and feeding injury were observed in both metallized and white plastic plots compared to black plastic and bare soil, with metallized plastic having the fewest Mexican bean beetle life stages and injury. Predatory arthropod densities were not reduced by reflective plastic. Metallized plots produced the highest yields, followed by white. The results of this study suggest that growing snap beans on reflective plastic mulch can suppress the incidence and damage of Mexican bean beetle, and increase yield in snap beans.
authors.affiliation: Department of Entomology, Virginia Tech, 170 Drillfield Drive, 216 Price Hall, Blacksburg, VA 24061-0319 (louisn@vt.edu; tkuhar@vt.edu), louisn@vt.edu.
authors.forename: L B
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Nottingham
authors.affiliation: Department of Entomology, Virginia Tech, 170 Drillfield Drive, 216 Price Hall, Blacksburg, VA 24061-0319 (louisn@vt.edu; tkuhar@vt.edu).
authors.forename: T P
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: Kuhar
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001517:Coleoptera / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology*; D007300:Insect Control / Q000379:methods*; D007814:Larva / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology; D027805:Phaseolus / Q000254:growth & development; D020959:Polyethylene; D011156:Population Density; D011679:Pupa / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology; D012621:Seasons; D014768:Virginia
chemical_list: D020959:Polyethylene
keywords: Epilachna varivestis; cultural control; light intensity; reflective plastic mulch; snap bean