title: Determination of microplastic polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP) in environmental samples using thermal analysis (TGA-DSC).
abstract: Microplastics are increasingly detected in the environment and the consequences on water resources and ecosystems are not clear to date. The present study provides a cost-effective and straightforward method to determine the mass concentrations of polymer types using thermal analysis. Characteristic endothermic phase transition temperatures were determined for seven plastic polymer types using TGA-DSC. Based on that, extracts from wastewater samples were analyzed. Results showed that among the studied polymers, only PE and PP could be clearly identified, while the phase transition signals of the other polymers largely overlap each other. Subsequently, calibration curves were run for PE and PP for qualitative measurements. 240 and 1540mg/m(3) of solid material (12µm to 1mm) was extracted from two wastewater effluent samples of a municipal WWTP of which 34% (81mg/m(3)) and 17% (257mg/m(3)) could be assigned to PE, while PP was not detected in any of the samples. The presented application of TGA-DSC provides a complementary or alternative method to FT-IR analyses for the determination of PE and PP in environmental samples.
authors.affiliation: Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engler-Bunte-Institut, Chair of Water Chemistry and Water Technology, Engler-Bunte-Ring 1, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany. Electronic address: marius.majewsky@kit.edu.
authors.forename: Marius
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Majewsky
authors.affiliation: Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engler-Bunte-Institut, Chair of Water Chemistry and Water Technology, Engler-Bunte-Ring 1, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.
authors.forename: Hajo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bitter
authors.affiliation: Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Applied Geosciences, Adenauerring 20b, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.
authors.forename: Elisabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Eiche
authors.affiliation: Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engler-Bunte-Institut, Chair of Water Chemistry and Water Technology, Engler-Bunte-Ring 1, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.
authors.forename: Harald
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Horn
mesh_terms: D002152:Calorimetry, Differential Scanning / Q000379:methods; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D011095:Polyethylenes / Q000032:analysis*; D011126:Polypropylenes / Q000032:analysis*; D013818:Thermogravimetry / Q000379:methods; D062065:Wastewater / Q000032:analysis*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D011095:Polyethylenes; D011126:Polypropylenes; D062065:Wastewater; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical
keywords: Aquatic systems; Microplastic; TGA-DSC; Thermal analysis; Wastewater