title: Reductive removal of 2,4-dinitrotoluene and 2,4-dichlorophenol with zero-valent iron-included biochar.
abstract: In order to remediate organic contaminants in natural waters and soils, a novel zero-valent iron [Fe(0)]-included biochar was synthesized via slow pyrolysis. 2,4-Dinitrotoluene (DNT) and 2,4-dichlorophenol (DCP) were removed in water via sorption to the Fe(0)-included biochar. Compared to sorption control without Fe(0), the sorbed DNT and DCP were further transformed to reduction products by Fe(0)-included biochar. Compared to the reduction control with Fe(0), the presence of biochar promoted the reductive transformation of DNT and DCP. Increasing the pyrolysis temperature resulted in enhancing the removal of DNT and DCP, suggesting that the aromaticity of biochar may be responsible for the removal. The yields of the reduction products also indicated that unlike the direct reduction by Fe(0), different reduction pathways existed in the reduction of DNT and DCP with Fe(0)-included biochar. The results suggest that Fe(0)-included biochar is a viable option to immobilize and transform redox-sensitive organic contaminants in natural environments.
authors.affiliation: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 44610, South Korea. Electronic address: quartzoh@ulsan.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Seok-Young
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.affiliation: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 44610, South Korea.
authors.forename: Yong-Deuk
authors.initials: YD
authors.lastname: Seo
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 44610, South Korea.
authors.forename: Kwang-Sun
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Ryu
mesh_terms: D002606:Charcoal / Q000737:chemistry*; D002733:Chlorophenols / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification; D004136:Dinitrobenzenes / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification; D007501:Iron / Q000737:chemistry*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification; D018508:Water Purification / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D002733:Chlorophenols; D004136:Dinitrobenzenes; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C540010:biochar; D002606:Charcoal; C016403:2,4-dinitrotoluene; D007501:Iron; C004762:2,4-dichlorophenol
keywords: Electron transfer mediator; Fe(0)-included biochar; Reduction; Sorption