title: Rutin attenuates neuroinflammation in spinal cord injury rats.
abstract: Neuroinflammatory responses involve the activation of the interleukin (IL) -1β and IL-18. Processing and activation of the pro-inflammatory IL require NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Rutin can protect spinal cord against damage, but the potential mechanisms underlying remain unknown. Here, we investigated the molecular mechanisms of rutin-mediated neuroprotection in a rat model of spinal cord injury (SCI).
  
  
  
  One hundred twenty female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to four groups: sham group, SCI group, SCI + Rutin50 group, and the SCI + Rutin100 group. The influences of rutin on inflammatory marker levels, histologic alterations, and locomotion scale were analyzed.
  
  
  
  SCI significantly increased the expression of the NLRP3, ASC, IL-1β, IL-18, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha. Rutin significantly reduced the levels of reactive oxygen species, malondialdehyde, NLRP3, ASC, caspase-1, IL-1β, IL-18, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha. Furthermore, rutin administration significantly attenuated histologic alteration and improved locomotion recovery.
  
  
  
  Our data provide clear evidence that rutin attenuates tissue damage and improves locomotion recovery, and the mechanism may be related to the alleviation of inflammation and oxidative stress.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedics, Nanjing Medical University, Affiliated Hangzhou Hospital (Hangzhou First People's Hospital), Hangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Jiang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedics, Nanjing Medical University, Affiliated Hangzhou Hospital (Hangzhou First People's Hospital), Hangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Maoqiang
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedics, Nanjing Medical University, Affiliated Hangzhou Hospital (Hangzhou First People's Hospital), Hangzhou, China.
authors.forename: He
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedics, Nanjing Medical University, Affiliated Hangzhou Hospital (Hangzhou First People's Hospital), Hangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Bian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zhenyu
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: He
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Qifang
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedics, Nanjing Medical University, Affiliated Hangzhou Hospital (Hangzhou First People's Hospital), Hangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Wang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Xuepeng
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedics, Nanjing Medical University, Affiliated Hangzhou Hospital (Hangzhou First People's Hospital), Hangzhou, China. Electronic address: drzhuliulong@sina.com.
authors.forename: Zhu
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Liulong
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D015153:Blotting, Western; D005260:Female; D058847:Inflammasomes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008124:Locomotion; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012431:Rutin / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D058847:Inflammasomes; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D012431:Rutin
keywords: Inflammation; NLRP3 inflammasome; Reactive oxygen species; Rutin; Spinal cord injury