title: Low Level Laser Therapy Versus Pharmacotherapy in Improving Myofascial Pain Disorder Syndrome.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) lead to masticatory muscle pain, jaw movement disability and limitation in mouth opening. Pain is the chief complaint in 90% of the TMD patients which leads to disability and severe socioeconomic costs. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic effects of low level laser therapy (LLLT) compared to pharmacotherapy with NSAIDs (naproxen) in myofascial pain disorder syndrome (MPDS).
  
  
  METHODS
  In this randomized controlled clinical trial, 40 MPDS patients were divided into two groups. One group received naproxen 500 mg bid for 3 weeks as treatment modality and also had placebo laser sessions. The other group received active laser (diode 810 nm CW) as treatment and placebo drug. Pain intensity was measured by visual analogue scale (VAS) and maximum painless mouth opening was also measured as a functional index every session and at 2 months follow up. Data was collected and analyzed with SPSS software. Independent t test was used to analyze the data. A P < 0.05 was considered significant.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Low level laser caused significant reduction in pain intensity (P < 0.05) and a significant increase in mouth opening. In naproxen group neither pain intensity nor maximum mouth opening had significant improvement. Pain relief, in subjective VAS was observed in third session in LLLT group, but did not occur in naproxen group. Maximum mouth opening increased significantly in laser group compared to the naproxen group from the eighth session.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Treatment with LLLT caused a significant improvement in mouth opening and pain intensity in patients with MPDS. Similar improvement was not observed in naproxen group.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Hamid Reza
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Khalighi
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Hamed
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mortazavi
authors.affiliation: Department of Laser, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran,Iran.
authors.forename: Seyed Masoud
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Mojahedi
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Saranaz
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Azari-Marhabi
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran.
authors.forename: Faranak
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Moradi Abbasabadi
keywords: Laser therapy; Low-level; Myofascial pain disorder syndrome; Naproxen; Temporomandibular