title: Local anesthetic lidocaine delivery system: chitosan and hyaluronic acid-modified layer-by-layer lipid nanoparticles.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Transdermal local anesthesia is one of the most applied strategies to avoid systemic adverse effects; there is an appealing need for a prolonged local anesthetic that would provide better bioavailability and longer pain relief with a single administration.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Layer-by-layer (LBL) technique was used in this study to explore a nanosized drug delivery system for local anesthetic therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  LBL-coated lidocaine-loaded nanostructured lipid nanoparticles (LBL-LA/NLCs) were prepared and characterized in terms of particle size (PS), zeta potential, drug encapsulation efficiency (EE), in vitro skin permeation and in vivo local anesthetic studies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Evaluation of the in vitro skin permeation and in vivo anesthesia effect illustrated that LBL-LA/NLCs can enhance and prolong the anesthetic effect of LA.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  LBL-LA/NLCs could function as a promising drug delivery strategy for overcoming the barrier function of the skin and could deliver anesthetic through the skin with sustained release behavior for local anesthetic therapy.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Anesthesiology , Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University , Jining , Shandong , China and.
authors.forename: Laizhu
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: a Department of Anesthesiology , Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University , Jining , Shandong , China and.
authors.forename: Jianguo
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: a Department of Anesthesiology , Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University , Jining , Shandong , China and.
authors.forename: Huimin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Chi
authors.affiliation: b Department of Anesthesiology , Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University Medical College , Qingdao , Shandong , China.
authors.forename: Shilei
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D000818:Animals; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical / Q000379:methods; D048271:Chitosan / Q000737:chemistry*; D004337:Drug Carriers / Q000737:chemistry; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems / Q000379:methods; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid / Q000737:chemistry*; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry*; D008055:Lipids / Q000737:chemistry*; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry*; D049329:Nanostructures / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry; D010316:Particle Size; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012867:Skin / Q000378:metabolism; D012869:Skin Absorption / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D004337:Drug Carriers; D008055:Lipids; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid; D048271:Chitosan; D008012:Lidocaine
keywords: Prolonged local anesthetic; chitosan; hyaluronic acid; layer-by-layer nanoparticles; lipid-based nanoparticles