title: Comparative in vitro cytotoxicity of modified deoxynivalenol on porcine intestinal epithelial cells.
abstract: The gastrointestinal tract is the first target after ingestion of the mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON) via feed and food. Deoxynivalenol is known to affect the proliferation and viability of animal and human intestinal epithelial cells. In addition to DON, feed and food is often co-contaminated with modified forms of DON, such as 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol (3ADON), 15-acetyl-deoxynivalenol (15ADON) and deoxynivalenol-3-β-D-glucoside (DON3G). The goal of this study was to determine the in vitro intrinsic cytotoxicity of these modified forms towards differentiated and proliferative porcine intestinal epithelial cells by means of flow cytometry. Cell death was assessed by dual staining with Annexin-V-fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) and propidium iodide (PI), which allows the discrimination of viable (FITC-/PI-), apoptotic (FITC+/PI-) and necrotic cells (FITC+/PI+). Based on the data from the presented pilot in vitro study, it is concluded that cytotoxicity for proliferative cells can be ranked as follows: DON3G ≪ 3ADON < DON≈15ADON.
authors.affiliation: Ghent University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biochemistry, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium.
authors.forename: Nathan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Broekaert
authors.affiliation: Ghent University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biochemistry, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium. Electronic address: Mathias.devreese@ugent.be.
authors.forename: Mathias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Devreese
authors.affiliation: Ghent University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biochemistry, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium.
authors.forename: Kristel
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Demeyere
authors.affiliation: University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Department of Agrobiotechnology, Center for Analytical Chemistry and Christian Doppler Laboratory for Mycotoxin-Metabolism, Konrad-Lorenz-Str. 20, 3430 Tulln, Austria.
authors.forename: Franz
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Berthiller
authors.affiliation: University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, Konrad-Lorenz-Str. 24, 3430 Tulln, Austria.
authors.forename: Herbert
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Michlmayr
authors.affiliation: University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Department of Agrobiotechnology, Center for Analytical Chemistry and Christian Doppler Laboratory for Mycotoxin-Metabolism, Konrad-Lorenz-Str. 20, 3430 Tulln, Austria.
authors.forename: Elisabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Varga
authors.affiliation: University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, Konrad-Lorenz-Str. 24, 3430 Tulln, Austria.
authors.forename: Gerhard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Adam
authors.affiliation: Ghent University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biochemistry, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium.
authors.forename: Evelyne
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Meyer
authors.affiliation: Ghent University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biochemistry, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium. Electronic address: siska.croubels@ugent.be.
authors.forename: Siska
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Croubels
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects*; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis; D005960:Glucosides / Q000633:toxicity*; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007422:Intestines / Q000187:drug effects*; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D013552:Swine; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry; D014255:Trichothecenes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D005960:Glucosides; D014255:Trichothecenes; C542050:deoxynivalenol-3-glucoside; C043247:3-acetyldeoxynivalenol; C046760:15-acetyldeoxynivalenol; C007262:deoxynivalenol
keywords: 15-acetyl-deoxynivalenol (15ADON); 3-acetyl-deoxynivalenol (3ADON); Apoptosis; Deoxynivalenol-3-β-D-glucoside (DON3G); Flow cytometry; IPEC-J2; Necrosis