title: Intrauterine anaesthetic after hysteroscopy to reduce post-operative pain - A double blind randomised controlled trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Pain after hysteroscopy is usually minimal but some women need additional analgesia while in the recovery ward and some require overnight hospital admission to control pain. Intrauterine installation of an anaesthetic after hysteroscopy may reduce pain.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To see if intrauterine levobupivacaine reduces post-procedure pain, need for analgesia and allow earlier return to normal activity.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a double-blind randomised controlled trial. Women having hysteroscopy under general anaesthesia were allocated to receive intrauterine instillation of levubupivacaine or normal saline at the end of the procedure. Women were assessed in the recovery ward by a verbal descriptor pain scale and need for additional analgesia and followed up on day 3 to further assess pain and return to normal activity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no significant differences in demographic characteristics or indication for surgery between the 224 women in the study group or the 214 women in the control group. At two hours post-procedure, 156/224 (70%) study women versus 119/214 (56%) control women had no pain; (relative risk (RR) 0.68 and 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.53-0.87). There were 182/224 (81%) study women versus 154/214 (72%) control women with a pain score < 5 (RR 0.67; 95% CI 0.47-0.95). Fewer women in the study group required additional analgesia 54/224 (24%) versus 88/214 (41%) (RR 0.58; 95% CI 0.44-0.78). There was no significant difference between groups with regards to pain at 24 h post-procedure or return to activity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Intrauterine instillation of levobupivacaine reduced post-procedure pain and need for additional pain relief.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Ipswich Hospital and University of Queensland, Ipswich, Queensland, Australia. kassam.mahomed@health.qld.gov.au.
authors.forename: Kassam
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mahomed
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthetics, Ipswich Hospital, Ipswich, Queensland, Australia.
authors.forename: Jim
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: McLean
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Services, Clinical Governance, Education and Research, Ipswich Hospital, Ipswich, Queensland, Australia.
authors.forename: Muhtashim
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ahmed
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Ipswich Hospital and University of Queensland, Ipswich, Queensland, Australia.
authors.forename: Boris
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zolotarev
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics, Ipswich Hospital, Ipswich, Queensland, Australia.
authors.forename: Natalie
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Shaddock
mesh_terms: D000700:Analgesics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002045:Bupivacaine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015907:Hysteroscopy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D007322:Instillation, Drug; D000077554:Levobupivacaine; D008875:Middle Aged; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics; D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D000077554:Levobupivacaine; D002045:Bupivacaine
keywords: hysteroscopy; intrauterine levobupivacaine; pain