title: Physiological and biochemical response of plants to engineered NMs: Implications on future design.
abstract: Engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) form the basis of a great number of commodities that are used in several areas including energy, coatings, electronics, medicine, chemicals and catalysts, among others. In addition, these materials are being explored for agricultural purposes. For this reason, the amount of ENMs present as nanowaste has significantly increased in the last few years, and it is expected that ENMs levels in the environment will increase even more in the future. Because plants form the basis of the food chain, they may also function as a point-of-entry of ENMs for other living systems. Understanding the interactions of ENMs with the plant system and their role in their potential accumulation in the food chain will provide knowledge that may serve as a decision-making framework for the future design of ENMs. The purpose of this paper was to provide an overview of the current knowledge on the transport and uptake of selected ENMs, including Carbon Based Nanomaterials (CBNMs) in plants, and the implication on plant exposure in terms of the effects at the macro, micro, and molecular level. We also discuss the interaction of ENMs with soil microorganisms. With this information, we suggest some directions on future design and areas where research needs to be strengthened. We also discuss the need for finding models that can predict the behavior of ENMs based on their chemical and thermodynamic nature, in that few efforts have been made within this context.
authors.affiliation: División de Ciencias e Ingenierías, Universidad de Guanajuato (UG) Campus León, Loma del Bosque 103, C.P. 37150, León, Gto., Mexico. Electronic address: gdelarosa@fisica.ugto.mx.
authors.forename: Guadalupe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: de la Rosa
authors.affiliation: División de Ciencias e Ingenierías, Universidad de Guanajuato (UG) Campus León, Loma del Bosque 103, C.P. 37150, León, Gto., Mexico.
authors.forename: Concepción
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: García-Castañeda
authors.affiliation: División de Ciencias e Ingenierías, Universidad de Guanajuato (UG) Campus León, Loma del Bosque 103, C.P. 37150, León, Gto., Mexico.
authors.forename: Edgar
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Vázquez-Núñez
authors.affiliation: División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Col. N. Alta s/n Guanajuato, Gto., C.P. 36050, Mexico.
authors.forename: Ángel Josabad
authors.initials: ÁJ
authors.lastname: Alonso-Castro
authors.affiliation: División de Ciencias e Ingenierías, Universidad de Guanajuato (UG) Campus León, Loma del Bosque 103, C.P. 37150, León, Gto., Mexico.
authors.forename: Gustavo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Basurto-Islas
authors.affiliation: División de Ciencias e Ingenierías, Universidad de Guanajuato (UG) Campus León, Loma del Bosque 103, C.P. 37150, León, Gto., Mexico.
authors.forename: Ángeles
authors.initials: Á
authors.lastname: Mendoza
authors.affiliation: División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Col. N. Alta s/n Guanajuato, Gto., C.P. 36050, Mexico.
authors.forename: Gustavo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cruz-Jiménez
authors.affiliation: División de Ciencias e Ingenierías, Universidad de Guanajuato (UG) Campus León, Loma del Bosque 103, C.P. 37150, León, Gto., Mexico.
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Molina
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity; D018525:Germination / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity; D049329:Nanostructures / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D063245:Plant Development / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D018521:Plant Physiological Phenomena / Q000187:drug effects; D010944:Plants / Q000145:classification / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D012639:Seeds / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D004785:Environmental Pollutants
keywords: Biomolecules; Carbon based nanomaterials; Engineered NPs/NMs; Physiology; Plants