title: Salmonella infection in healthy pet reptiles: Bacteriological isolation and study of some pathogenic characters.
abstract: The fecal samples from 213 captive reptiles were examined, and 29 (13.61%) Salmonella enterica isolates were detected: 14/62 (22.58%) from chelonians, 14/135 (10.37%) from saurians, and 1/16 (6.25%) from ophidians. The isolates were distributed among 14 different serotypes: Miami, Ebrie, Hermannsweder, Tiergarten, Tornov, Pomona, Poona, Goteborg, Abaetetube, Nyanza, Kumasi, Typhimurium, 50:b:z6, 9,12:z29:1,5, and a non-motile serotype with antigenic formula 1,4,[5],12:-:-. Salmonella typhimurium and 50:b:z6 isolates showed the spv plasmid virulence genes, responsible of the capability to induce extra-intestinal infections. In some cases, pulsed field gel electrophoresis revealed different profiles for the strains of the same serotypes, showing different origins, whereas a common source of infection was supposed when one pulsotype had been observed for isolates of a serovar. Twenty-seven (93.10%) isolates showed resistance to one or more antibiotics. Ceftazidime was active to all the tested isolates, whereas the highest percentages of strains were no susceptible to tigecycline (93.10%), streptomycin (89.66%), and sulfonamide (86.21%).
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Science, University of Pisa , Pisa, Italy.
authors.forename: Fabrizio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bertelloni
authors.affiliation: Anses, Ploufragan/Plouzané Laboratory, Hygiene and Quality of Poultry and Pork Products Unit , France.
authors.forename: Marianne
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chemaly
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Science, University of Pisa , Pisa, Italy.
authors.forename: Domenico
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cerri
authors.affiliation: Anses, Ploufragan/Plouzané Laboratory, Hygiene and Quality of Poultry and Pork Products Unit , France.
authors.forename: Françoise Le
authors.initials: FL
authors.lastname: Gall
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Science, University of Pisa , Pisa, Italy.
authors.forename: Valentina Virginia
authors.initials: VV
authors.lastname: Ebani
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D024901:Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; D057805:Pets / Q000382:microbiology*; D012104:Reptiles / Q000382:microbiology*; D012481:Salmonella Infections, Animal / Q000382:microbiology*; D019779:Salmonella enterica / Q000145:classification / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents
keywords: PFGE; Salmonella; antimicrobial resistance; pet reptiles; serotype 1,4,[5],12:-:-; virulence genes