title: Efficacy and safety of endoscopic gallbladder drainage in acute cholecystitis: Is it better than percutaneous gallbladder drainage?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The efficacy and safety of endoscopic gallbladder drainage (EGBD) performed via endoscopic retrograde cholangiography (ERC)-based transpapillary stenting or EUS-based transmural stenting are unknown. We aimed to conduct a proportion meta-analysis to evaluate the cumulative efficacy and safety of these procedures and to compare them with percutaneous gallbladder drainage (PGBD).
  
  
  METHODS
  We searched several databases from inception through December 10, 2015 to identify studies (with 10 or more patients) reporting technical success and postprocedure adverse events of EGBD. Weighted pooled rates (WPRs) for technical and clinical success, postprocedure adverse events, and recurrent cholecystitis were calculated for both methods of EGBD. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) were also calculated to compare the technical success and postprocedure adverse events in patients undergoing EGBD versus PGBD.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The WPRs with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of technical success, clinical success, postprocedure adverse events, and recurrent cholecystitis for ERC-based transpapillary drainage were 83% (95% CI, 78%-87%; I2= 38%), 93% (95% CI, 89%-96%; I2= 39%), 10% (95% CI, 7%-13%; I2= 27%), and 3% (95% CI, 1%-5%; I2= 0%), respectively. The WPRs for EUS-based drainage for technical success, clinical success, postprocedure adverse events, and recurrent cholecystitis were 93% (95% CI, 87%-96%; I2= 0%), 97% (95% CI, 93%-99%; I2= 0%), 13% (95% CI, 8%-19%; I2= 0%), and 4% (95% CI, 2%-9%; I2= 0%), respectively. On proportionate difference, EUS-based drainage had better technical (10%) and clinical success (4%) in comparison with ERC-based drainage. The pooled OR for technical success of EGBD versus PGBD was .51 (95% CI, .09-2.88; I2= 23%) and for postprocedure adverse events was .33 (95% CI, .14-.80; I2= 16%) in favor of EGBD.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  EGBD is an efficacious and safe therapeutic modality for treatment of patients with acute cholecystitis who cannot undergo surgery. EGBD shows a similar technical success as PGBD but appears to be safer than PGBD.
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA.
authors.forename: Muhammad Ali
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.affiliation: Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, University of Texas, Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.
authors.forename: Omair
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Atiq
authors.affiliation: Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, University of Texas, Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.
authors.forename: Nisa
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kubiliun
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA.
authors.forename: Bilal
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ali
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA.
authors.forename: Faisal
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kamal
authors.affiliation: University of Tennessee Health Science Center Library, Memphis, Tennessee, USA.
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nollan
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA.
authors.forename: Mohammad Kashif
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Ismail
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA.
authors.forename: Claudio
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tombazzi
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Michel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kahaleh
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.
authors.forename: Todd H
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Baron
mesh_terms: D002764:Cholecystitis / Q000628:therapy*; D004322:Drainage / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods*; D016145:Endoscopy, Digestive System; D019160:Endosonography; D006801:Humans; D015607:Stents