title: Development and Validation of an Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry Method for Simultaneous Determination of Four Type B Trichothecenes and Masked Deoxynivalenol in Various Feed Products.
abstract: A reliable and sensitive analytical method was developed for simultaneous determination of deoxynivalenol(DON), 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol (3-ADON), 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol (15-ADON), fusarenon X (FUS-X), and masked deoxynivalenol (deoxynivalenol-3-glucoside, D3G) in formula feed, concentrated feed, and premixed feed products. The method was based on an improved sample pretreatment with the commercially available HLB cartridges used for sample purification and enrichment followed by analysis using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS). Several key parameters including the extraction solvents, the positions of sample loading solvents, washing and elution solvents for HLB cartridges were carefully optimized to achieve optimal extraction and purification efficiencies. The established method was extensively validated by determining the linearity (R² ≥ 0.99), sensitivity (limit of quantification in the range of 0.08-4.85 μg/kg), recovery (79.3%-108.1%), precision (Intra-day RSDs ≤ 13.5% and Inter-day RSDs ≤ 14.9%), and then was successfully applied to determine the four type B trichothecenes and D3G in a total of 31 feed samples. Among them, 26 were contaminated with various mycotoxins at the levels of 2.1-864.5 μg/kg, and D3G has also been detected in 17 samples with the concentrations in the range of 2.1-34.8 μg/kg, proving the established method to be a valuable tool for type B trichothecenes and masked DON monitoring in complex feed matrices.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Agro-food Standards and Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China. zhichen0711@outlook.com.|College of Food Science &amp; Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China. zhichen0711@outlook.com.
authors.forename: Zhichen
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.affiliation: Institute for Agro-food Standards and Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China. whitebing2@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Bing
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bai
authors.affiliation: Institute for Agro-food Standards and Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China. jinpeng_328@163.com.
authors.forename: Peng
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.affiliation: Institute for Agro-food Standards and Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China. Fankai1983@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Kai
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.affiliation: Institute for Agro-food Standards and Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China. guo1103bo@126.com.
authors.forename: Wenbo
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: Institute for Agro-food Standards and Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China. zhao9912@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Zhihui
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Institute for Agro-food Standards and Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China. hanzheng_ok@163.com.
authors.forename: Zheng
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Han
mesh_terms: D002853:Chromatography, Liquid; D005504:Food Analysis; D005960:Glucosides / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D009183:Mycotoxins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000506:poisoning*; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry; D014255:Trichothecenes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification*
chemical_list: D005960:Glucosides; D009183:Mycotoxins; D014255:Trichothecenes; C542050:deoxynivalenol-3-glucoside; C002469:fusarenon-X; C043247:3-acetyldeoxynivalenol; C007262:deoxynivalenol
keywords: HLB cartridges; feed products; masked deoxynivalenol; type B trichothecenes; ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry