title: Electro-optical Properties of Neutral and Radical Ion Thienosquaraines.
abstract: Thienosquaraines are an interesting class of electroactive dyes that are useful for applications in organic electronics. Herein, the redox chemistry and electrochromic response of a few newly synthesized thienosquaraines are presented. These properties are compared to those of the commercial 2,4-bis[4-(N,N-diisobutylamino)-2,6-dihydroxyphenyl]squaraine. The stability of the radical ions formed in electrochemical processes strongly affects these properties, as shown by cyclic voltammetry, in situ spectroelectrochemistry, and quantum chemical calculations. Furthermore, all of the dyes show aggregation tendency resulting in panchromatic absorption covering the whole UV/Vis spectral range.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), 87036, Italy. vito.maltese@unical.it.|Molecular Materials and Nanosystems, Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P. O. Box 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands. vito.maltese@unical.it.
authors.forename: Vito
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1653-515X
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Maltese
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), 87036, Italy.
authors.forename: Sante
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cospito
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), 87036, Italy. amerigo.beneduci@unical.it.
authors.forename: Amerigo
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1185-9470
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Beneduci
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), 87036, Italy.
authors.forename: Bruna Clara
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: De Simone
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), 87036, Italy.
authors.forename: Nino
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Russo
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), 87036, Italy.
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Chidichimo
authors.affiliation: Molecular Materials and Nanosystems, Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P. O. Box 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: René A J
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Janssen
keywords: aggregation; density functional calculations; electrochemistry; radical ions; squaraines