title: Thiol oxidation of hemolymph proteins in oysters Crassostrea brasiliana as markers of oxidative damage induced by urban sewage exposure.
abstract: Urban sewage is a concerning issue worldwide, threatening both wildlife and human health. The present study investigated protein oxidation in mangrove oysters (Crassostrea brasiliana) exposed to seawater from Balneário Camboriú, an important tourist destination in Brazil that is affected by urban sewage. Oysters were exposed for 24 h to seawater collected close to the Camboriú River (CAM1) or 1 km away (CAM2). Seawater from an aquaculture laboratory was used as a reference. Local sewage input was marked by higher levels of coliforms, nitrogen, and phosphorus in seawater, as well as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), linear alkylbenzenes (LABs), and fecal steroid in sediments at CAM1. Exposure of oysters to CAM1 caused marked bioaccumulation of LABs and decreased PAH and PCB concentrations after exposure to both CAM1 and CAM2. Protein thiol oxidation in gills, digestive gland, and hemolymph was evaluated. Lower levels of reduced protein thiols were detected in hemolymph from CAM1, and actin, segon, and dominin were identified as targets of protein thiol oxidation. Dominin susceptibility to oxidation was confirmed in vitro by exposure to peroxides and hypochlorous acid, and 2 cysteine residues were identified as potential sites of oxidation. Overall, these data indicate that urban sewage contamination in local waters has a toxic potential and that protein thiol oxidation in hemolymph could be a useful biomarker of oxidative stress in bivalves exposed to contaminants. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:1833-1845. © 2016 SETAC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Aquaculture, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rafael
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Trevisan
authors.affiliation: Department of Aquaculture, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil.
authors.forename: Fabrício
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Flores-Nunes
authors.affiliation: Department of Aquaculture, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil.
authors.forename: Euler S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Dolores
authors.affiliation: Department of Aquaculture, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil.
authors.forename: Jacó J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Mattos
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil.
authors.forename: Clei E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Piazza
authors.affiliation: Oceanographic Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Sílvio T
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Sasaki
authors.affiliation: Oceanographic Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Satie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Taniguchi
authors.affiliation: Oceanographic Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rosalinda C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Montone
authors.affiliation: Oceanographic Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Márcia C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Bícego
authors.affiliation: Department of Aquaculture, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil.
authors.forename: Isis M M
authors.initials: IMM
authors.lastname: Dos Reis
authors.affiliation: Department of Aquaculture, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil.
authors.forename: Flávia L
authors.initials: FL
authors.lastname: Zacchi
authors.affiliation: Department of Aquaculture, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil.
authors.forename: Bárbara N M
authors.initials: BNM
authors.lastname: Othero
authors.affiliation: Department of Aquaculture, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil.
authors.forename: Camila L V
authors.initials: CLV
authors.lastname: Bastolla
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil.
authors.forename: Danielle F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Mello
authors.affiliation: Department of Aquaculture, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ana Paula M
authors.initials: APM
authors.lastname: Fraga
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil.
authors.forename: Nestor
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Wendt
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil.
authors.forename: Guilherme
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Toledo-Silva
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil.
authors.forename: Guilherme
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Razzera
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil.
authors.forename: Alcir L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Dafre
authors.affiliation: Department of Aquaculture, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil.
authors.forename: Cláudio M R
authors.initials: CMR
authors.lastname: de Melo
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande Foundation, Rio Grande, Brazil.
authors.forename: Adalto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bianchini
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil.
authors.forename: Maria R F
authors.initials: MRF
authors.lastname: Marques
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil.
authors.forename: Afonso C D
authors.initials: ACD
authors.lastname: Bainy
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D049896:Crassostrea / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D019015:Geologic Sediments / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D006458:Hemolymph / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D011506:Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D012623:Seawater / Q000737:chemistry; D012722:Sewage / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D019032:Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization; D013438:Sulfhydryl Compounds / Q000737:chemistry*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons; D011506:Proteins; D012722:Sewage; D013438:Sulfhydryl Compounds; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls
keywords: Biomarkers; Bivalve; Oxidative stress; Protein oxidative damage; Sewage