title: Isolation and characterization of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus associated with the 2014 disease outbreak in Mexico: case report.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Interest in porcine epidemic diarrhea has grown since the 2013 outbreak in the United States caused major losses, with mortality rates up to 100 % in suckling piglets. In Mexico, an outbreak of porcine epidemic diarrhea, characterized by 100 % mortality in piglets, began in March 2014 in the State of Mexico.
  
  
  METHODS
  The aim of this study was to confirm and identify porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) in samples from piglets with suggestive clinical signs using virological, histological, and molecular techniques. Necropsy was performed on 13 piglets from two litters with initial and advanced clinical signs. Suggestive lesions of acute infection with PEDV were detected in histological sections of the small and large bowels; specifically, multiple virus particles with visible crown-shaped projections were observed using electron microscopy and negative staining. Viral isolation was performed in Vero cells with trypsin. Infection was monitored by observation of cytopathic effect, and titration was determined by TCID50/ml. The presence of the PEDV in cultures and clinical samples was confirmed by RT-PCR amplification and sequencing of a 651-bp segment of the S glycoprotein gene, as well as a 681-bp matrix protein gene.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The nucleotide sequence analysis of the Mexican isolates showed marked homology to viruses that circulated in 2013 in Colorado, USA.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this paper we confirm the isolation and characterization of PEDV from animals with early and advanced clinical signs.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Medicina y Zootecnia de Cerdos, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, 04510, Mexico.
authors.forename: María Elena
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Trujillo-Ortega
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Medicina y Zootecnia de Cerdos, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, 04510, Mexico.
authors.forename: Rolando
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Beltrán-Figueroa
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, 04510, Mexico.
authors.forename: Montserrat Elemi
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: García-Hernández
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Patología, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, 04510, Mexico.
authors.forename: Mireya
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Juárez-Ramírez
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Medicina y Zootecnia de Cerdos, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, 04510, Mexico.
authors.forename: Alicia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sotomayor-González
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, 04510, Mexico.
authors.forename: Erika N
authors.initials: EN
authors.lastname: Hernández-Villegas
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, 04510, Mexico.
authors.forename: José F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Becerra-Hernández
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, 04510, Mexico. rosass@unam.mx.
authors.forename: Rosa Elena
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Sarmiento-Silva
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002522:Chlorocebus aethiops; D018352:Coronavirus Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary* / Q000821:virology; D004196:Disease Outbreaks / Q000662:veterinary*; D008800:Mexico / Q000453:epidemiology; D053485:Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000662:veterinary; D013552:Swine; D013553:Swine Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology*; D014709:Vero Cells
keywords: Characterization; Mexico; Outbreak; Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus