title: Lipid Mediators of Allergic Disease: Pathways, Treatments, and Emerging Therapeutic Targets.
abstract: Bioactive lipids are critical regulators of inflammation. Over the last 75 years, these diverse compounds have emerged as clinically-relevant mediators of allergic disease pathophysiology. Animal and human studies have demonstrated the importance of lipid mediators in the development of asthma, allergic rhinitis, urticaria, anaphylaxis, atopic dermatitis, and food allergy. Lipids are critical participants in cell signaling events which influence key physiologic (bronchoconstriction) and immune phenomena (degranulation, chemotaxis, sensitization). Lipid-mediated cellular mechanisms including: (1) formation of structural support platforms (lipid rafts) for receptor signaling complexes, (2) activation of a diverse family of G-protein coupled receptors, and (3) mediating intracellular signaling cascades by acting as second messengers. Here, we review four classes of bioactive lipids (platelet activating factor, the leukotrienes, the prostanoids, and the sphingolipids) with special emphasis on lipid synthesis pathways and signaling, atopic disease pathology, and the ongoing development of atopy treatments targeting lipid mediator pathways.
authors.affiliation: Division of Allergy and Immunology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA.
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Schauberger
authors.affiliation: Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
authors.forename: Miriam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Peinhaupt
authors.affiliation: Division of Allergy and Immunology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA.
authors.forename: Tareian
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Cazares
authors.affiliation: Division of Allergy and Immunology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA. andrew.lindsley@cchmc.org.|Division of Asthma Research, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA. andrew.lindsley@cchmc.org.|Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA. andrew.lindsley@cchmc.org.
authors.forename: Andrew W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Lindsley
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015777:Eicosanoids / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D006967:Hypersensitivity / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D007155:Immunologic Factors / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015289:Leukotrienes / Q000502:physiology; D050356:Lipid Metabolism; D058990:Molecular Targeted Therapy; D010972:Platelet Activating Factor / Q000502:physiology; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013107:Sphingolipids / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D015777:Eicosanoids; D007155:Immunologic Factors; D015289:Leukotrienes; D010972:Platelet Activating Factor; D013107:Sphingolipids
keywords: Allergic disease; Leukotrienes; Lipids; Platelet-activating factor; Prostanoids; Sphingolipids