title: Sodium alginate/carboxymethyl cellulose films containing pyrogallic acid: physical and antibacterial properties.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Antibacterial films were prepared using sodium alginate (SA) and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) as a matrix, glycerin as a plasticizer and CaCl2as a cross-linking agent, and by incorporating the natural antibacterial agent pyrogallic acid (PA). The present study describes the microstructure and the physical, barrier, mechanical, optical and antibacterial properties of blended films prepared by incorporating different concentrations of PA into the SA/CMC matrix.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The microstructure of the films was investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy, which revealed that PA interacts with the SA/CMC matrix through hydrogen bonding. Moreover, the incorporation of PA increased the moisture content, water vapor permeability and oxygen permeability of SA/CMC films. Films containing 40 g kg-1of PA had the highest elongation at break result (39.60%). Compared with pure SA/CMC films, the incorporation of PA improved the barrier properties against ultraviolet light; however, it decreased the color parameter L* value and increased the a* and b* values of the films. Furthermore, films with PA, especially at higher concentrations, were more effective against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Antibacterial SA/CMC films incorporating PA appear to have good potential to enhance the safety of foods and food products. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Bio-based Materials Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Road, Harbin 150040, PR China.
authors.forename: Yingying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Bio-based Materials Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Road, Harbin 150040, PR China.
authors.forename: Lijuan
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000464:Alginates; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D063566:Biodegradable Plastics / Q000737:chemistry*; D002122:Calcium Chloride; D002266:Carboxymethylcellulose Sodium; D003116:Color; D004548:Elasticity; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000254:growth & development; D005516:Food Microbiology; D018857:Food Packaging / Q000379:methods*; D020723:Glucuronic Acid; D005990:Glycerol; D006603:Hexuronic Acids; D006801:Humans; D006860:Hydrogen Bonding; D010100:Oxygen; D010539:Permeability; D010968:Plasticizers; D011748:Pyrogallol; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000254:growth & development; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays; D014867:Water
chemical_list: D000464:Alginates; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D063566:Biodegradable Plastics; D006603:Hexuronic Acids; D010968:Plasticizers; D011748:Pyrogallol; D014867:Water; D020723:Glucuronic Acid; D002266:Carboxymethylcellulose Sodium; D002122:Calcium Chloride; D005990:Glycerol; D010100:Oxygen
keywords: antibacterial films; carboxymethyl cellulose; pyrogallic acid; sodium alginate