title: Burden of disease from second-hand smoke exposure in New Zealand.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To estimate the number of deaths and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) attributable to secondhand smoke in New Zealand.
  
  
  METHODS
  Comparative risk assessment methods were used to estimate the attributable burden from second-hand smoke in children and non-smoking adults in New Zealand. Disease outcomes included were: ischaemic heart disease; stroke and lung cancer in adults; asthma; lower respiratory infections; otitis media; sudden unexpected death in infancy (SUDI); and low birthweight at term in children. Mortality data from 2009-2011 and DALY data from 2006 were used.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In New Zealand, second-hand smoke was estimated to have caused 104 deaths (plausible range: 66-137) in 2010, and led to the loss of 2,286 healthy years of life (DALYs) (1,465-3,177) in 2006. The main conditions accounting for this health burden were ischaemic heart disease and stroke in older adults. Children accounted for 34% of the attributable health loss in 2006, particularly due to SUDI. Māori experienced five times the health loss of non-Māori, after standardising for age differences.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Second-hand smoke continues to cause substantial health loss in New Zealand, and disproportionately affects children and Māori. Substantial health gains can be made by reducing exposure to second-hand smoke in New Zealand.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Public Health Research, Massey University - Wellington campus, PO Box 756, Wellington 6140, New Zealand. k.mason@massey.ac.nz.
authors.forename: Kylie
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mason
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000208:ethnology / Q000401:mortality; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D017281:Cost of Illness; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D009520:New Zealand / Q000453:epidemiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution