title: Monetary value of self-reported diets and associations with sociodemographic characteristics and dietary intake among Japanese adults: analysis of nationally representative surveys.
abstract: To examine the relationships of monetary value of diets with sociodemographic and lifestyle characteristics and dietary intake among Japanese adults.
  
  
  
  Cross-sectional study based on two nationally representative surveys: the Comprehensive Survey of Living Conditions and the National Health and Nutrition Survey, 2013. Dietary intake was assessed by a 1 d semi-weighed household dietary record with information on individual proportion of intakes. Diet cost was estimated by linking dietary data with retail food prices. A wide variety of sociodemographic and lifestyle variables were obtained from the two surveys.
  
  
  
  A random sample of nationally representative households in Japan.
  
  
  
  Japanese adults aged 20 years or older (n 4658).
  
  
  
  Lower energy-adjusted diet cost (Japanese yen/4184 kJ) was significantly associated with being younger, having a lower education, less equivalent monthly household expenditure, large household size, less physical activity and living in rented houses. Lower diet cost was associated with a lower intake of pulses, vegetables, fruits, fish, meat and dairy products, and a higher intake of grain, eggs, and fats and oils. At the nutrient level, lower diet cost was associated with a lower intake of protein, alcohol, dietary fibre, cholesterol and all vitamins and minerals examined, and a higher intake of carbohydrate. Diet cost was inversely associated with dietary energy density.
  
  
  
  These data suggest that certain low socio-economic subgroups in Japan consume diets of lower monetary value, resulting in a lower quality of food and nutrient intake pattern except for lower sodium, cholesterol and alcohol consumption.
authors.affiliation: 1Department of Health Promotion,National Institute of Public Health,2-3-6 Minami,Wako-shi,Saitama 351-0197,Japan.
authors.forename: Hitomi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Okubo
authors.affiliation: 2Department of Nutrition,School of Human Cultures,University of Shiga Prefecture,Shiga,Japan.
authors.forename: Kentaro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Murakami
authors.affiliation: 3Department of Social and Preventive Epidemiology,School of Public Health,The University of Tokyo,Tokyo,Japan.
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sasaki
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004032:Diet / Q000191:economics*; D015444:Exercise; D005191:Family Characteristics; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D008019:Life Style; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009749:Nutrition Surveys; D009753:Nutritive Value; D057566:Self Report; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Food intake; Japanese adults; Monetary cost; Nutrient intake; Socio-economic status