title: Indigofera oblongifolia mitigates lead-acetate-induced kidney damage and apoptosis in a rat model.
abstract: This study was conducted to appraise the protective effect of Indigofera oblongifolia leaf extract on lead acetate (PbAc)-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. PbAc was intraperitoneally injected at a dose of 20 mg/kg body weight for 5 days, either alone or together with the methanol extract of I. oblongifolia (100 mg/kg). Kidney lead (Pb) concentration; oxidative stress markers including lipid peroxidation, nitrite/nitrate, and glutathione (GSH); and antioxidant enzyme activities, namely superoxide dismutase, catalase, GSH peroxidase, and GSH reductase were all determined. The PbAc injection elicited a marked elevation in Pb concentration, lipid peroxidation, and nitrite/nitrate, with a concomitant depletion in GSH content compared with the control and a remarkable decrease in antioxidant enzymes. Oxidant/antioxidant imbalance, Pb accumulation, and histological changes in the kidneys were successfully prevented by the pre-administration of I. oblongifolia extract. In addition, the elevated expression of proapoptotic protein, Bax, in the kidneys of the PbAc-injected rats was reduced as a result of I. oblongifolia pre-administration, while the hitherto reduced expression of the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 was elevated. Based on the current findings, it can be concluded that I. oblongifolia successfully minimizes the deleterious effects in kidney function and histological coherence associated with nephrotoxicity by strengthening the antioxidant defense system, suppressing oxidative stress, and mitigating apoptosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Department of Zoology and Entomology, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt.
authors.forename: Mohamed A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Dkhil
authors.affiliation: Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Mohamed S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Al-Khalifa
authors.affiliation: Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Saleh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Al-Quraishy
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Rafat
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zrieq
authors.affiliation: Department of Zoology and Entomology, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt.
authors.forename: Ahmed Esmat
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Abdel Moneim
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D002374:Catalase / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D029883:Indigofera / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism*; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects*; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects*; D009570:Nitriles / Q000737:chemistry*; D009942:Organometallic Compounds / Q000737:chemistry*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D009570:Nitriles; D009942:Organometallic Compounds; D002374:Catalase; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; C008261:lead acetate
keywords: Indigofera oblongifolia; apoptosis; kidney; lead acetate; oxidative stress