title: The Use of Apnea During Ureteroscopy.
abstract: To describe and discuss the feasibility and the use of apnea during retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS).
  
  
  
  A discussion of the current literature about the different anesthesia techniques and the use of apnea to improve RIRS by avoiding renal movements over diaphragmatic excursion was performed.
  
  
  
  To date, there are no mentions in the literature about the use of apnea as a mechanism to facilitate this procedure that requires extremely precise laser use. A description of the feasibility of apnea during RIRS is described as a technical consideration and discussed.
  
  
  
  The use of apnea during RIRS has facilitated the procedure, avoiding renal movements, particularly in special cases where extremely precise maneuvers during laser use are required.
authors.affiliation: Hôpital Tenon, Department of Urology, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris-IV, France. Electronic address: emiliani@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Esteban
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Emiliani
authors.affiliation: Hôpital Tenon, Department of Urology, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris-IV, France.
authors.forename: Michele
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Talso
authors.affiliation: Hôpital Tenon, Department of Urology, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris-IV, France.
authors.forename: Mohammed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Baghdadi
authors.affiliation: Hôpital Tenon, Department of Urology, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris-IV, France.
authors.forename: Sadam
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ghanem
authors.affiliation: Hôpital Tenon, Department of Urology, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris-IV, France.
authors.forename: Jonathan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Golmard
authors.affiliation: Hôpital Tenon, Department of Urology, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris-IV, France.
authors.forename: Hugo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Pinheiro
authors.affiliation: Hôpital Tenon, Department of Urology, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris-IV, France.
authors.forename: Agapios
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gkentzis
authors.affiliation: Hôpital Tenon, Department of Urology, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris-IV, France.
authors.forename: Salvatore
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Butticè
authors.affiliation: Hôpital Tenon, Department of Urology, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris-IV, France.
authors.forename: Olivier
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Traxer
mesh_terms: D000768:Anesthesia, General / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D001049:Apnea; D006801:Humans; D007432:Intraoperative Period; D007668:Kidney / Q000601:surgery*; D053844:Lasers, Solid-State / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010100:Oxygen / Q000008:administration & dosage; D018666:Ureteroscopy
chemical_list: D010100:Oxygen