title: Effect of Amalaki rasayana on DNA damage and repair in randomized aged human individuals.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Preparations from Phyllanthus emblica called Amalaki rasayana is used in the Indian traditional medicinal system of Ayurveda for healthy living in elderly. The biological effects and its mechanisms are not fully understood. Since the diminishing DNA repair is the hallmark of ageing, we tested the influence of Amalaki rasayana on recognized DNA repair activities in healthy aged individuals.
  
  
  METHODS
  Amalaki rasayana was prepared fresh and healthy aged randomized human volunteers were administrated with either rasayana or placebo for 45 days strictly as per the traditional text. The DNA repair was analyzed in peripheral blood mononuclear cells before and after rasayana administration and after 45 days post-rasayana treatment regimen. UVC-induced DNA strand break repair (DSBR) based on extent of DNA unwinding by fluorometric analysis, nucleotide excision repair (NER) by flow cytometry and constitutive base excision repair (BER) by gap filling method were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Amalaki rasayana administration stably maintained/enhanced the DSBR in aged individuals. There were no adverse side effects. Further, subjects with different body mass index showed differential DNA strand break repair capacity. No change in unscheduled DNA synthesis during NER and BER was observed between the groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Intake of Amalaki rasayana by aged individuals showed stable maintenance of DNA strand break repair without toxic effects. However, there was no change in nucleotide and base excision repair activities. Results warrant further studies on the effects of Amalaki rasayana on DSBR activities.
authors.affiliation: School of Life Sciences, Manipal University, Planetarium Complex, Manipal 576 104, Karnataka, India. Electronic address: uvmlsc@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Udupi
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Vishwanatha
authors.affiliation: School of Life Sciences, Manipal University, Planetarium Complex, Manipal 576 104, Karnataka, India. Electronic address: gparashiva@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Kanive P
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Guruprasad
authors.affiliation: School of Life Sciences, Manipal University, Planetarium Complex, Manipal 576 104, Karnataka, India. Electronic address: gopinathpm@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Puthiya M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Gopinath
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Kasturba Medical College Hospital, Manipal University, Manipal 576 104, Karnataka, India. Electronic address: rvacharya@manipal.edu.
authors.forename: Raviraj V
authors.initials: RV
authors.lastname: Acharya
authors.affiliation: Sri Dharmasthala Manjunatheshwara College of Ayurveda, Kuthpady, Udyavara, Udupi 574 118, Karnataka, India. Electronic address: drbvidyaprasanna@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Bokkasa V
authors.initials: BV
authors.lastname: Prasanna
authors.affiliation: Sri Dharmasthala Manjunatheshwara College of Ayurveda, Kuthpady, Udyavara, Udupi 574 118, Karnataka, India. Electronic address: nayakjk2004@yahoo.co.in.
authors.forename: Jayakrishna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nayak
authors.affiliation: Sri Dharmasthala Manjunatheshwara College of Ayurveda, Kuthpady, Udyavara, Udupi 574 118, Karnataka, India. Electronic address: 2009rajeshwari@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Rajeshwari
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ganesh
authors.affiliation: Sri Dharmasthala Manjunatheshwara College of Ayurveda, Kuthpady, Udyavara, Udupi 574 118, Karnataka, India. Electronic address: jamsyrao27@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Jayalaxmi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rao
authors.affiliation: Sri Dharmasthala Manjunatheshwara College of Ayurveda, Kuthpady, Udyavara, Udupi 574 118, Karnataka, India. Electronic address: ayurresearch2008@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Rashmi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Shree
authors.affiliation: Sri Dharmasthala Manjunatheshwara College of Ayurveda, Kuthpady, Udyavara, Udupi 574 118, Karnataka, India. Electronic address: anchansuchitra@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Suchitra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Anchan
authors.affiliation: School of Life Sciences, Manipal University, Planetarium Complex, Manipal 576 104, Karnataka, India. Electronic address: raghushivanna@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Kothanahalli S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Raghu
authors.affiliation: School of Life Sciences, Manipal University, Planetarium Complex, Manipal 576 104, Karnataka, India. Electronic address: joshmanjunath@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Manjunath B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Joshi
authors.affiliation: School of Life Sciences, Manipal University, Planetarium Complex, Manipal 576 104, Karnataka, India. Electronic address: puspendumid@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Puspendu
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Paladhi
authors.affiliation: Ayurvedic Hospital and Research Centre, Arya Vaidya Sala, Kottakkal, 676 503, Mallapuram, Kerala, India. Electronic address: pmvarier@aryavaidyasala.com.
authors.forename: Panniampilly M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Varier
authors.affiliation: Ayurvedic Hospital and Research Centre, Arya Vaidya Sala, Kottakkal, 676 503, Mallapuram, Kerala, India. Electronic address: kmurali@aryavaidyasala.com.
authors.forename: Kollath
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Muraleedharan
authors.affiliation: Ayurvedic Hospital and Research Centre, Arya Vaidya Sala, Kottakkal, 676 503, Mallapuram, Kerala, India. Electronic address: tsmurali@aryavaidyasala.com.
authors.forename: Thrikovil S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Muraleedharan
authors.affiliation: School of Life Sciences, Manipal University, Planetarium Complex, Manipal 576 104, Karnataka, India. Electronic address: ksatyamoorthy@manipal.edu.
authors.forename: Kapaettu
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Satyamoorthy
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000375:Aging / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D004249:DNA Damage / Q000187:drug effects*; D004260:DNA Repair / Q000187:drug effects*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007194:India; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology / Q000528:radiation effects; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D013997:Time Factors; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: C574902:Amalakirasayana; D010936:Plant Extracts
keywords: Ageing; Amalaki rasayana; Ascorbic acid (PubChem CID: 54670067); BER; Citric acid (PubChem CID: 311); DNA strand break repair; Ellagic acid (PubChem CID:5281855); Gallic acid (PubChem CID: 370); Kaempferol (Pubchem CID: 5280863); NER; Pyrogallol (PubChem CID: 1057); Quercetin (PubChem CID: 5280805)