title: A new buildup biofilm model that mimics accumulation of material in flexible endoscope channels.
abstract: The objective of this study was to develop a new build up biofilm (BBF) model that was based on repeated exposure to test soil containing Enterococcus faecalis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa and repeated rounds of fixation to mimic the accumulation of patient material in endoscope channels during reprocessing. The new BBF model is a novel adaptation of the minimum biofilm effective concentration (MBEC) 96-well model where biofilm is formed on plastic pegs. The new MBEC-BBF model was developed over eight days and included four rounds of partial fixation using glutaraldehyde. There was 6.14Log10cfu/cm(2) of E. faecalis and 7.71Log10cfu/cm(2) of P. aeruginosa in the final BBF. Four detergents (two enzymatic and two non-enzymatic) were tested alone or in combination with orthophthalaldehyde, glutaraldehyde or accelerated hydrogen peroxide to determine if BBF could be either removed or the bacteria within the BBF killed. None of the detergents alone could remove the biofilm or reduce the bacterial level in the BBF as determined by viable count and scanning electron microscopy. The combination of detergents and disinfectants tested provided a 3 to 5Log10 reduction in viable bacteria but no combination could provide the expected 6Log10 reduction. Our data indicated that once formed BBF was extremely difficult to eliminate. Future research using the BBF model may help develop new cleaning and disinfection methods that can prevent or eliminate BBF within endoscope channels.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nursing, University Federal of Goiás - UFG, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil. Electronic address: crisgenetica@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Cristiana
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: da Costa Luciano
authors.affiliation: St. Boniface Research Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. Electronic address: nolson@sbrc.ca.
authors.forename: Nancy
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Olson
authors.affiliation: St. Boniface Research Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. Electronic address: pdegagne@sbrc.ca.
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: DeGagne
authors.affiliation: Department of Dentistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. Electronic address: Rodrigo.Franca@umanitoba.ca.
authors.forename: Rodrigo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Franca
authors.affiliation: Department of Nursing, University Federal of Goiás - UFG, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil. Electronic address: anaclara@fen.ufg.br.
authors.forename: Anaclara Ferreira Veiga
authors.initials: AFV
authors.lastname: Tipple
authors.affiliation: St. Boniface Research Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. Electronic address: malfa@sbrc.ca.
authors.forename: Michelle
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Alfa
mesh_terms: D018441:Biofilms; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D003902:Detergents / Q000494:pharmacology; D004202:Disinfectants / Q000494:pharmacology; D004203:Disinfection / Q000379:methods; D019723:Endoscopes / Q000382:microbiology*; D013293:Enterococcus faecalis / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000502:physiology; D004866:Equipment Contamination / Q000517:prevention & control; D005976:Glutaral / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000494:pharmacology; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D008954:Models, Biological; D011550:Pseudomonas aeruginosa / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D003902:Detergents; D004202:Disinfectants; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D005976:Glutaral
keywords: Build-up-biofilm; Cleaning and disinfection; Endoscopes channels