title: Ferrofluid-associated Cutaneous Dyschromia: Discoloration of Hand and Fingers Following Accidental Exposure to Ferromagnetic Fluid.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Ferrofluid is a colloidal suspension that usually consists of surfactant-coated nanoparticles of magnetite (Fe3O4) in a carrier liquid. Ferromagnetic fluid forms spikes when the liquid is exposed to a magnetic field.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The authors describe a man who developed temporary discoloration of his right palm and fingers after accidental cutaneous contact with ferrofluid and discuss some of the current and potential applications of this unique liquid.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 28-year-old man was evaluating the effects of magnetic fields using ferrofluid. He performed a modification of the "leaping ferrofluid" demonstration in which he held a superstrong (14,800 gauss magnetic field strength) N52 rare earth neodymium magnet in his palm and slowly lowered that hand over an open bowl that was filled with ferrofluid.
  
  
  RESULTS
  As the magnet approached the liquid, the ferrofluid became magnetized. The liquid leaped from the bowl and contacted not only the magnet, but also the palmar surface of his hand and fingers, resulting in a black-brown dyschromia of the affected skin. The discoloration completely resolved after two weeks without any adverse sequellae.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ferrofluid has numerous current and potential applications; in addition to being of value educationally and aesthetically (after being subjected to magnetic fields), it is also utilized for audio loudspeakers, medical innovations (such as a component of either a research tool, a diagnostic aid, or a treatment modality), and seals. Although the authors' patient did not experience any acute or chronic toxicity from his cutaneous exposure to ferrofluid, conservative follow-up for individuals who experience skin contact with ferromagnetic fluid may be appropriate.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California;
authors.forename: Philip R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.affiliation: The University of Houston Health Center, University of Houston, Houston, Texas;; Private Practice, Bellaire, Texas.
authors.forename: Kenneth S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Arfa