title: Establishment and characterization of a penile cancer cell line, penl1, with a deleterious TP53 mutation as a paradigm of HPV-negative penile carcinogenesis.
abstract: To establish penile cancer (PeCa) cell lines for the study of molecular mechanisms of carcinogenesis and testing therapeutic reagents.
  
  
  
  We successfully established two PeCa cell lines from fresh tumor tissues from 21 cases. One cell line named Penl1 was isolated from a lymph node metastasis (LNM) of penile squamous cell carcinoma (PeSCC), usual type and comprehensively characterized here. Our in-depth characterization analysis of the Penl1 cell line included morphology, tumorigenicity, genetic characteristics, protein expression, biology, and chemosensitivity. Penl1 was authenticated by single tandem repeat (STR) DNA typing.
  
  
  
  Comparative histomorphology, genetic characteristics, and protein expression patterns revealed essential similarities between the cell line and its corresponding LNM. In-depth characterization analysis of Penl1 cell line revealed tumorigenicity in immunodeficient mice, negative human papilloma virus (HPV) and mycoplasma infection, TP53 mutations and sensitivity to cisplatin and epirubicin. STR DNA typing did not match any cell lines within three international cell banks. The limitation of this study is that one patient cannot represent the complete heterogeneity of PeCa, especially primary tumor.
  
  
  
  We established and characterized an HPV-negative and moderately differentiated PeCa cell model with a TP53 missense mutation from a PeSCC, usual type patient. A preliminarily study of carcinogenesis and chemosensitivity suggests that this cell model carries a tumor suppressor gene mutation and is sensitive to chemotherapy drugs.
authors.affiliation: Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China.|Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Jieping
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China.|Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Kai
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.affiliation: Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China.|Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Zaishang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China.|Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Chuangzhong
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Deng
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Liangjiao
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China.|Center of Medical Imaging & Image-Guided Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Xingsu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynecology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Peili
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.affiliation: Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China.|Center of Medical Imaging & Image-Guided Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Qiankun
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumchi, China.
authors.forename: Peng
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China.|Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Zike
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Qin
authors.affiliation: Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China.|Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Yunlin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.affiliation: Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China.|Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Zhuowei
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China.|Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Fangjian
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China.|Center of Medical Imaging & Image-Guided Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Zhenfeng
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China.|Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Han
mesh_terms: D063646:Carcinogenesis / Q000235:genetics*; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009154:Mutation; D027383:Papillomaviridae / Q000302:isolation & purification; D010412:Penile Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology*; D061251:Primary Cell Culture; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: C495901:TP53 protein, human; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53
keywords: TP53; characterization; human papilloma virus-induced penile carcinogenesis; lymph node metastasis; penile squamous cell carcinoma