title: Two meals with different carbohydrate, fat and protein contents render equivalent postprandial plasma levels of calprotectin, cortisol, triglycerides and zonulin.
abstract: The aim was to compare postprandial plasma levels of calprotectin, cortisol, triglycerides and zonulin between a control breakfast and a moderately low-carbohydrate test breakfast, given randomly after 10-h fast. Blood samples were collected before and repeatedly after the meal. Plasma calprotectin, cortisol, triglycerides and zonulin were analyzed. The total area under the curve (tAUC) and change in AUC from baseline (dAUC) were calculated. Ratios between the test and control values were calculated to investigate equivalence. Healthy volunteers (8 men and 12 women; 46.0 ± 14.5 years) were included. tAUCs of cortisol and triglycerides did not differ between the breakfasts (p = 0.158 versus p = 0.579). Cortisol dAUCs were decreased and triglyceride dAUCs were increased after both breakfasts, with no differences between the breakfasts (p = 0.933 versus p = 0.277). Calprotectin and zonulin levels were unaffected. The meals were bioequivalent for cortisol, triglycerides and zonulin, but not for calprotectin.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Internal Medicine , Lund University, Skane University Hospital , Malmö , Sweden ;
authors.forename: Bodil
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ohlsson
authors.affiliation: a Department of Internal Medicine , Lund University, Skane University Hospital , Malmö , Sweden ;
authors.forename: Gassan
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Darwiche
authors.affiliation: a Department of Internal Medicine , Lund University, Skane University Hospital , Malmö , Sweden ;
authors.forename: Bodil
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Roth
authors.affiliation: b Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Clinical Chemistry & Pharmacology , Lund University, Skane University Hospital , Lund , Sweden.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Höglund
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D015992:Body Mass Index; D062408:Breakfast; D002772:Cholera Toxin / Q000097:blood*; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000032:analysis; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000032:analysis; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D006242:Haptoglobins; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000097:blood*; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D039841:Leukocyte L1 Antigen Complex / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019518:Postprandial Period; D011498:Protein Precursors; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D001786:Blood Glucose; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D004041:Dietary Fats; D004044:Dietary Proteins; D006242:Haptoglobins; D007328:Insulin; D039841:Leukocyte L1 Antigen Complex; D011498:Protein Precursors; D014280:Triglycerides; C408043:zonulin; D002772:Cholera Toxin; D006854:Hydrocortisone
keywords: calprotectin; cortisol; high-fat content; high-protein content; low-carbohydrate content; triglycerides; zonulin