title: Disentangling the relationships between staff nurses' workplace empowerment and job satisfaction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The primary aim of this study was to examine the relationships between structural empowerment, psychological empowerment and job satisfaction among staff nurses, after controlling for their leaders' use of empowering behaviours.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Nurses' job satisfaction is a critical factor in health-care organisations because of its association with nurse turnover and quality of patient care. Nurses continue to report high levels of job dissatisfaction.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional data for 1007 Canadian staff nurses were analysed using hierarchical multiple regression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Structural empowerment was the strongest independent predictor of job satisfaction, followed by leader empowering behaviours and psychological empowerment. After accounting for the effects of structural empowerment and leader empowering behaviours, the four dimensions of psychological empowerment showed only small independent effects on job satisfaction. Psychological empowerment did not mediate the effects of structural empowerment on job satisfaction.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Nurses' job satisfaction is most influenced by their access to organisational empowerment structures. Leader empowering behaviours, structural empowerment, and psychological empowerment, operating together, enhance nurses' job satisfaction.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Nurse leaders should use a variety of empowerment strategies that are important to nurses' job satisfaction and potentially to the quality of patient care and nurse turnover.
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada. Susan.Dahinten@nursing.ubc.ca.
authors.forename: V S
authors.initials: VS
authors.lastname: Dahinten
authors.affiliation: College of Nursing, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: MacPhee
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001955:British Columbia; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007588:Job Satisfaction; D007857:Leadership; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009741:Nursing Staff, Hospital / Q000523:psychology*; D015279:Organizational Culture; D011209:Power, Psychological; D017009:Professional Autonomy; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D017132:Workplace / Q000523:psychology*
keywords: empowerment; job satisfaction; leadership; nursing