title: The utility of cadaver-based approaches for the teaching of human anatomy: A survey of British and Irish anatomy teachers.
abstract: Utilizing reality anatomy such as dissection and demonstrating using cadavers has been described as a superior way to create meaning. The chemicals used to embalm cadavers differentially alter the tissue of the human body, which has led to the usage of different processes along the hard to soft-fixed spectrum of preserved cadavers. A questionnaire based approach was used to gain a better insight into the opinion of anatomists on the use of preserved cadavers for the teaching of human anatomy. This study focused on anatomy teachers in the United Kingdom and Ireland. From the 125 participating anatomists, 34.4% were medically qualified, 30.4% had a PhD in a non-anatomical science and 22.4% had a PhD in an anatomical science, these figures include ten anatomists who had combinations of MD with the two other PhD qualifications. The main findings from the questionnaire were that 61.6% of participants agreed that hard-fixed formalin cadavers accurately resemble features of a human body whereas 21.6% disagreed. Moreover, anatomists rated the teaching aids on how accurately they resemble features of the human body as follows: plastic models the least accurate followed by plastinated specimens, hard fixed cadavers; soft preserved cadavers were considered to be the most accurate when it comes to resembling features of the human body. Though anatomists considered soft preserved cadavers as the most accurate tool, further research is required in order to investigate which techniques or methods provide better teaching tool for a range of anatomical teaching levels and for surgical training. Anat Sci Educ 10: 137-143. © 2016 American Association of Anatomists.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
authors.forename: Joy Y
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Balta
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cronin
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
authors.forename: John F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Cryan
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
authors.forename: Siobhain M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: O'Mahony
mesh_terms: D054814:Anatomists / Q000523:psychology*; D000715:Anatomy / Q000193:education*; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D001296:Audiovisual Aids; D002102:Cadaver; D003479:Curriculum; D004517:Education, Professional / Q000379:methods*; D004615:Embalming / Q000379:methods; D005178:Faculty; D005404:Fixatives; D005557:Formaldehyde; D006801:Humans; D007494:Ireland; D007858:Learning; D008953:Models, Anatomic; D011180:Postmortem Changes; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013663:Teaching; D016707:Tissue Fixation / Q000379:methods; D006113:United Kingdom
chemical_list: D005404:Fixatives; D005557:Formaldehyde
keywords: anatomy education; anatomy faculty qualification; embalming techniques; formaldehyde-embalmed specimens; gross anatomy education; hard-fix specimens; soft-preserve specimens