title: Evolution and Distribution of Hydrolytic Enzyme Activities during Preharvest Sprouting of Wheat (Triticum aestivum) in the Field.
abstract: To date, research on preharvest sprouted (PHS) wheat has mostly been conducted on kernels germinated under laboratory conditions, which differ widely from conditions in the field. To obtain detailed knowledge of the evolution of hydrolytic enzyme activities in PHS wheat (Triticum aestivum), a broad collection of samples from three varieties was obtained by harvesting before, at, and after maturity. Delaying harvest time coupled with periods of heavy rainfall caused sprouting in the kernels, observed as a drop in Falling Number and an increase in α-amylase activity. The appearance of α- and β-amylase, peptidase, and endoxylanase activity during field sprouting was independent from each other. Consequently, Falling Number could not be used to predict activity of other hydrolytic enzymes. When differentiating endogenous from kernel-associated microbial enzymes, results showed that α- and β-amylase and peptidase activity of PHS kernels were predominantly of endogenous origin, whereas endoxylanase activity was largely from microbial origin.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Biochemistry & Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Centre (LFoRCe), KU Leuven , Kasteelpark Arenberg 20, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium.
authors.forename: Heleen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Olaerts
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Biochemistry & Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Centre (LFoRCe), KU Leuven , Kasteelpark Arenberg 20, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium.
authors.forename: Chiara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Roye
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Biochemistry & Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Centre (LFoRCe), KU Leuven , Kasteelpark Arenberg 20, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium.
authors.forename: Liesbeth J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Derde
authors.affiliation: Département Valorisation des Productions, Centre Wallon de Recherches Agronomiques (CRA-W) , Chaussée de Namur 24, B-5030 Gembloux, Belgium.
authors.forename: Georges
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sinnaeve
authors.affiliation: Unité de Phytotechnie des Régions Tempérées, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech (G-ABT), Université de Liége , Passage des Déportés 2, B-5030 Gembloux, Belgium.
authors.forename: Walter R
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: Meza
authors.affiliation: Unité de Phytotechnie des Régions Tempérées, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech (G-ABT), Université de Liége , Passage des Déportés 2, B-5030 Gembloux, Belgium.
authors.forename: Bernard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bodson
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Biochemistry & Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Centre (LFoRCe), KU Leuven , Kasteelpark Arenberg 20, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium.
authors.forename: Christophe M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Courtin
mesh_terms: D043364:Endo-1,4-beta Xylanases / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D018525:Germination; D010447:Peptide Hydrolases / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D012639:Seeds / Q000737:chemistry / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000254:growth & development; D014908:Triticum / Q000737:chemistry / Q000201:enzymology / Q000254:growth & development*; D000516:alpha-Amylases / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D001614:beta-Amylase / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D010940:Plant Proteins; D000516:alpha-Amylases; D001614:beta-Amylase; D043364:Endo-1,4-beta Xylanases; D010447:Peptide Hydrolases
keywords: Falling Number; Triticum aestivum; endoxylanases; field sprouting; peptidases; α-amylases; β-amylases