title: Optical bench performance of a novel trifocal intraocular lens compared with a multifocal intraocular lens.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study is to compare the optical characteristics of the novel PanOptix presbyopia-correcting trifocal intraocular lens (IOL) and the multifocal ReSTOR +3.0 D IOL, through in vitro bench investigations.
  
  
  METHODS
  The optical characteristics of AcrySof(®) IQ PanOptix™ (PanOptix) and AcrySof(®) IQ ReSTOR +3.0 D (ReSTOR +3.0 D) IOLs were evaluated by through-focus Badal images, simulated headlight images, and modulation transfer function (MTF) measurements which determine resolution, photic phenomena, and image quality. Through-focus Badal images of an Early Treatment of Diabetic Retinopathy Study chart were recorded at both photopic and mesopic pupil sizes. Simulated headlight images were taken on an MTF bench with a 50-μm pinhole target and a 5.0 mm pupil at the distance focus of the IOL. MTF curves were measured with a 3.0 mm pupil, and spatial frequencies equivalent to 20/40 and 20/20 visual acuities were recorded to illustrate the through-focus MTF curves. Far-, intermediate-, and near-focus MTF values were obtained.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Bench Badal image testing and MTF measurements showed that PanOptix has a near focus at a distance of 42 cm and an additional intermediate focus at a distance of about 60 cm. The near focus for ReSTOR +3.0 D is at 45 cm. PanOptix and ReSTOR +3.0 D have comparable photopic distances and near MTF values. Additionally, PanOptix provided a substantial continuous range of vision from distance to intermediate and to near compared with ReSTOR +3.0 D. The halo propensity for PanOptix was slightly higher than that for ReSTOR +3.0 D.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Laboratory-based in vitro simulations showed that PanOptix trifocal IOL has comparable resolution and image quality performance in distance and near foci compared with ReSTOR +3.0 D IOL. PanOptix showed better resolution and image quality performance at the intermediate focus than ReSTOR +3.0 D IOL.
authors.affiliation: Alcon Research, Ltd., Fort Worth, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Shinwook
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Alcon Research, Ltd., Fort Worth, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Myoung
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Alcon Research, Ltd., Fort Worth, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Zaiwei
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Alcon Research, Ltd., Fort Worth, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Zeyu
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Alcon Research, Ltd., Fort Worth, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Elsinore
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Alexander
authors.affiliation: Alcon Research, Ltd., Fort Worth, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Yueai
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
keywords: Badal image; headlight images; modulation transfer function; multifocal; trifocal; visual acuity