title: Examining Invasive Bedside Procedure Performance at an Academic Medical Center.
abstract: Explore the performance patterns of invasive bedside procedures at an academic medical center, evaluate whether patient characteristics predict referral, and examine procedure outcomes.
  
  
  
  This was a prospective, observational, and retrospective chart review of adults admitted to a general medicine service who had a paracentesis, thoracentesis, or lumbar puncture between February 22, 2013 and February 21, 2014.
  
  
  
  Of a total of 399 procedures, 335 (84%) were referred to a service other than the primary team for completion. Patient characteristics did not predict referral status. Complication rates were low overall and did not differ, either by referral status or location of procedure. Model-based results showed a 41% increase in the average length of time until procedure completion for those referred to the hospital procedure service or radiology (7.9 vs 5.8 hours; P < 0.05) or done in radiology instead of at the bedside (9.0 vs 5.8 hours; P < 0.001). The average procedure cost increased 38% ($1489.70 vs $1023.30; P < 0.001) for referred procedures and 56% ($1625.77 vs $1150.98; P < 0.001) for radiology-performed procedures.
  
  
  
  Although referral often is the easier option, our study shows its shortcomings, specifically pertaining to cost and time until completion. Procedure performance remains an important skill for residents and hospitalists to learn and use as a part of patient care.
authors.affiliation: From the Center for Patient Care and Outcomes Research, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee.
authors.forename: Cynthia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kay
authors.affiliation: From the Center for Patient Care and Outcomes Research, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee.
authors.forename: Erica M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Wozniak
authors.affiliation: From the Center for Patient Care and Outcomes Research, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee.
authors.forename: Aniko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Szabo
authors.affiliation: From the Center for Patient Care and Outcomes Research, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee.
authors.forename: Jeffrey L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Jackson
mesh_terms: D000046:Academic Medical Centers / Q000379:methods / Q000458:organization & administration; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000191:economics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D007396:Internship and Residency / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010043:Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care; D019152:Paracentesis / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods; D010362:Patients' Rooms / Q000191:economics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D000067716:Point-of-Care Testing / Q000191:economics / Q000592:standards / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012017:Referral and Consultation / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D013129:Spinal Puncture / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods; D000069258:Thoracentesis / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods; D014481:United States