title: Genetics of Substance Use Disorders.
abstract: Substance abuse disorders have a strong genetic component. Genetic risk factors associated with alcohol abuse include common variants in genes coding for alcohol-metabolizing enzymes and gamma-aminobutyric acid A receptors. Functional missense mutations in ADH1B and ALDH2 are protective against alcohol dependence. Nicotine use disorders are associated with polymorphisms in a cluster of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors on chromosome 15q24, and mutations that reduce the enzymatic activity of CYP2A6. Genetic risk factors for other illicit drug use have not been well-studied. Most genetic vulnerability toward substance use disorders remains unexplained. Future research will benefit from advanced whole-genome sequencing technologies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Washington, Box 356560, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
authors.forename: Cassie
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Washington, Box 356560, Seattle, WA 98195, USA. Electronic address: drjack@uw.edu.
authors.forename: Jon
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: McClellan
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000444:Aldehyde Dehydrogenase / Q000235:genetics; D065637:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2A6 / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D008040:Genetic Linkage / Q000235:genetics; D055106:Genome-Wide Association Study; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D020125:Mutation, Missense / Q000235:genetics; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D011978:Receptors, Nicotinic / Q000235:genetics; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000235:genetics*; D018433:Twin Studies as Topic
chemical_list: D011978:Receptors, Nicotinic; C585710:CYP2A6 protein, human; D065637:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2A6; D000444:Aldehyde Dehydrogenase
keywords: Addiction; Alcohol; Alcohol dehydrogenase; Aldehyde dehydrogenase; Genome-wide association; Genomics; Nicotine; Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors