title: Identification of Plasma and Urinary Metabolites and Catabolites Derived from Orange Juice (Poly)phenols: Analysis by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry.
abstract: Orange juice is a rich source of (poly)phenols, in particular, the flavanones hesperetin-7-O-rutinoside and naringenin-7-O-rutinoside. Following the acute consumption of 500 mL of orange juice containing 398 μmol of (poly)phenols by 12 volunteers, 0-24 h plasma and urine samples were analyzed by targeted high-performance liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry in order to identify flavanone metabolites and phenolic acid and aromatic catabolites. A total of 19 flavanone metabolites-comprising di-O-glucuronide, O-glucuronide, O-glucuronyl-sulfate, and sulfate derivatives of hesperetin, naringenin, and eriodictyol-and 65 microbial-derived phenolic catabolites, such as phenylpropanoid, phenylpropionic, phenylacetic, benzoic, and hydroxycarboxylic acids and benzenetriol and benzoylglycine derivatives, including free phenolics and phase II sulfate, glucuronide, and methyl metabolites, were identified or partially identified in plasma and/or urine samples. The data obtained provide a detailed evaluation of the fate of orange juice (poly)phenols as they pass through the gastrointestinal tract and are absorbed into the circulatory system prior to renal excretion. Potential pathways for these conversions are proposed.
authors.affiliation: Postharvest Technology and Agrifood Industry Area, Andalusian Institute of Agricultural and Fishery Research and Training (IFAPA) Alameda del Obispo, 14004 Córdoba, Spain.
authors.forename: Gema
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pereira-Caro
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Technology, Universitat de Lleida , 25198 Lleida, Spain.
authors.forename: Iziar A
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Ludwig
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Science, and School of Medicine, University of Glasgow , Glasgow G12 8QQ, U.K.
authors.forename: Thelma
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Polyviou
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Science, and School of Medicine, University of Glasgow , Glasgow G12 8QQ, U.K.
authors.forename: Dalia
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Malkova
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Science, and School of Medicine, University of Glasgow , Glasgow G12 8QQ, U.K.
authors.forename: Ada
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: García
authors.affiliation: Postharvest Technology and Agrifood Industry Area, Andalusian Institute of Agricultural and Fishery Research and Training (IFAPA) Alameda del Obispo, 14004 Córdoba, Spain.
authors.forename: José Manuel
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Moreno-Rojas
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, University of California-Davis , Davis, California 95616-5270, United States.
authors.forename: Alan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Crozier
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D032084:Citrus sinensis / Q000378:metabolism*; D000067030:Fruit and Vegetable Juices / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D013058:Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*; D059808:Polyphenols / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000652:urine*
chemical_list: D059808:Polyphenols
keywords: HPLC−HR-MS identification; bioavailability; flavanones; humans; orange juice; phenolic catabolites; urinary and plasma metabolites