title: Cytoplasmic vacuolization in cell death and survival.
abstract: Cytoplasmic vacuolization (also called cytoplasmic vacuolation) is a well-known morphological phenomenon observed in mammalian cells after exposure to bacterial or viral pathogens as well as to various natural and artificial low-molecular-weight compounds. Vacuolization often accompanies cell death; however, its role in cell death processes remains unclear. This can be attributed to studying vacuolization at the level of morphology for many years. At the same time, new data on the molecular mechanisms of the vacuole formation and structure have become available. In addition, numerous examples of the association between vacuolization and previously unknown cell death types have been reported. Here, we review these data to make a deeper insight into the role of cytoplasmic vacuolization in cell death and survival.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Protein Engineering, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Moscow, Russia.|Laboratory of Chemical Carcinogenesis, N.N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center, Moscow, Russia.|Laboratory of Biologically Active Nanostructures, N.F. Gamaleya Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Moscow, Russia.
authors.forename: Andrey V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Shubin
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Protein Engineering, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Moscow, Russia.
authors.forename: Ilya V
authors.initials: IV
authors.lastname: Demidyuk
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Protein Engineering, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Moscow, Russia.
authors.forename: Alexey A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Komissarov
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Protein Engineering, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Moscow, Russia.
authors.forename: Lola M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Rafieva
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Protein Engineering, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Moscow, Russia.
authors.forename: Sergey V
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Kostrov
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000473:pathology; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000502:physiology; D016923:Cell Death; D002470:Cell Survival; D003593:Cytoplasm / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D004721:Endoplasmic Reticulum / Q000648:ultrastructure; D060746:Endoplasmic Reticulum-Associated Degradation / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D051037:Large-Conductance Calcium-Activated Potassium Channel alpha Subunits / Q000502:physiology; D009336:Necrosis; D014617:Vacuoles / Q000502:physiology*; D014777:Virus Diseases / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; C494841:KCNMA1 protein, human; D051037:Large-Conductance Calcium-Activated Potassium Channel alpha Subunits; C074689:VacA protein, Helicobacter pylori
keywords: microbial toxins; regulated cell death; vacuolization; viruses