title: Treatment strategies for frontal sinus anterior table fractures and contour deformities.
abstract: Anterior table frontal sinus fractures can result in aesthetically displeasing contour deformities. Acute anterior table frontal sinus fractures that are depressed may be reduced with an open, closed, or endoscope-assisted approach. Delayed contour deformity camouflage can be achieved using bone grafts, titanium meshes, methyl methacrylate, hydroxyapatite cement, and polyether ether ketone implants. The selection of surgical approach to repair a frontal sinus contour deformity depends on the fracture severity, chronicity, complexity, patient comorbidities, and surgeon preference and experience. Advancement in endoscopic technology and expertise has created a paradigm shift toward a less invasive approach to the frontal region, with considerably less morbidity than conventional open techniques.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1540 Alcazar St, Suite 204Q, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA. Electronic address: Sean.delaney@med.usc.edu.
authors.forename: Sean W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Delaney
mesh_terms: D005592:Fracture Fixation; D005626:Frontal Sinus / Q000293:injuries*; D006801:Humans; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures; D020204:Skull Fracture, Depressed / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*
keywords: Camouflage; Contour deformity; Endoscopy; Forehead; Reconstruction