title: Knee osteoarthritis: a review of management options.
abstract: Osteoarthritis of the knee is a complex peripheral joint disorder with multiple risk factors. The molecular basis of osteoarthritis has been generally accepted; however, the exact pathogenesis is still not known. Management of patients with osteoarthritis involves a comprehensive history, thorough physical examination and appropriate radiological investigation. The relative slow progress in the disease allows a stepwise algorithmic approach in treatment. Non-surgical treatment involves patient education, lifestyle modification and the use of orthotic devises. These can be achieved in the community. Surgical options include joint sparing procedures such as arthroscopyando osteotomy or joint-replacing procedures. Joint-replacing procedures can be isolated to a single compartment such as patellofemoral arthroplasty or unicompartmental knee replacement or total knee arthroplasty. The key to a successful long-term outcome is optimal patient selection, preoperative counselling and good surgical technique.
authors.affiliation: Consultant Orthopaedic Surgeon, The Queen Elizabeth University Hospital.1345 Govan Road. Govan G51 4TF Glasgow.
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Hussain
authors.affiliation: Specialty Registrar, Trauma and Orthopaedics. Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Foresterhill Rd, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZN.
authors.forename: D W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Neilly
authors.affiliation: Clinical Fellow, Department of Orthopaedics and Spinal Surgery, Royal Stoke University Hospital. Newcastle Rd, Stoke-on-Trent ST4 6QG santoshbaliga@doctors.org.uk.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Baliga
authors.affiliation: Consultant Orthopaedic Surgeon, The Queen Elizabeth University Hospital.1345 Govan Road. Govan G51 4TF Glasgow.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Patil
authors.affiliation: Consultant Orthopaedic Surgeon, The Queen Elizabeth University Hospital.1345 Govan Road. Govan G51 4TF Glasgow.
authors.forename: Rmd
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Meek
mesh_terms: D019643:Arthroplasty, Replacement; D005081:Exercise Therapy; D015438:Health Behavior; D006801:Humans; D007719:Knee Joint / Q000601:surgery; D009989:Orthotic Devices; D020370:Osteoarthritis, Knee / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy*; D010027:Osteotomy; D010353:Patient Education as Topic; D012307:Risk Factors
keywords: Osteoarthritis; cartilage; knee joint; total knee replacement