title: Testosterone Treatment and Sexual Function in Older Men With Low Testosterone Levels.
abstract: The Testosterone Trials are a coordinated set of seven trials to determine the efficacy of T in symptomatic men ≥65 years old with unequivocally low T levels. Initial results of the Sexual Function Trial showed that T improved sexual activity, sexual desire, and erectile function.
  
  
  
  To assess the responsiveness of specific sexual activities to T treatment; to relate hormone changes to changes in sexual function; and to determine predictive baseline characteristics and T threshold for sexual outcomes.
  
  
  
  A placebo-controlled trial.
  
  
  
  Twelve academic medical centers in the United States.
  
  
  
  A total of 470 men ≥65 years of age with low libido, average T <275 ng/dL, and a partner willing to have sexual intercourse at least twice a month.
  
  
  
  Men were assigned to take T gel or placebo for 1 year. Sexual function was assessed by three questionnaires every 3 months: the Psychosexual Daily Questionnaire, the Derogatis Interview for Sexual Function, and the International Index of Erectile Function.
  
  
  
  Compared with placebo, T administration significantly improved 10 of 12 measures of sexual activity. Incremental increases in total and free T and estradiol levels were associated with improvements in sexual activity and desire, but not erectile function. No threshold T level was observed for any outcome, and none of the 27 baseline characteristics predicted responsiveness to T.
  
  
  
  In older men with low libido and low T levels, improvements in sexual desire and activity in response to T treatment were related to the magnitude of increases in T and estradiol levels, but there was no clear evidence of a threshold effect.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Medicine and Molecular and Cellular Biology (G.R.C.), Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Baylor College of Medicine and Baylor St. Luke's Medical Center, Houston, Texas 77030; Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology (A.J.S.-S., J.T.F., B.Z., X.H., S.S.E.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104; New England Research Institutes, Inc (R.C.R.), Watertown, Massachusetts 02472; Division of Endocrinology (C.W., R.S.S.), Harbor-University of California at Los Angeles Medical Center and Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Torrance, California 90502; Research Program in Men's Health: Aging and Metabolism (S.Bh., S.Ba.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center (A.M.M.), Department of Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, and Division of Gerontology & Geriatric Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington 98108-1597; Department of Urology (J.K.P.), Moores Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, California 92093; Division of Geriatric Medicine (T.M.G.), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510; Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Molecular Medicine (M.E.M.), and Department of Medical Social Sciences (D.C.), Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611; Division of Epidemiology (E.B.-C.), Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California 92093-0607; Department of Epidemiology (J.A.C.), University of Pittsburgh, Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261; Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (D.C., L.G.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104; Divisions of Endocrinology and Geriatrics (
authors.forename: Glenn R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Cunningham
authors.affiliation: Departments of Medicine and Molecular and Cellular Biology (G.R.C.), Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Baylor College of Medicine and Baylor St. Luke's Medical Center, Houston, Texas 77030; Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology (A.J.S.-S., J.T.F., B.Z., X.H., S.S.E.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104; New England Research Institutes, Inc (R.C.R.), Watertown, Massachusetts 02472; Division of Endocrinology (C.W., R.S.S.), Harbor-University of California at Los Angeles Medical Center and Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Torrance, California 90502; Research Program in Men's Health: Aging and Metabolism (S.Bh., S.Ba.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center (A.M.M.), Department of Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, and Division of Gerontology & Geriatric Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington 98108-1597; Department of Urology (J.K.P.), Moores Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, California 92093; Division of Geriatric Medicine (T.M.G.), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510; Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Molecular Medicine (M.E.M.), and Department of Medical Social Sciences (D.C.), Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611; Division of Epidemiology (E.B.-C.), Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California 92093-0607; Department of Epidemiology (J.A.C.), University of Pittsburgh, Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261; Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (D.C., L.G.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104; Divisions of Endocrinology and Geriatrics (
authors.forename: Alisa J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Stephens-Shields
authors.affiliation: Departments of Medicine and Molecular and Cellular Biology (G.R.C.), Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Baylor College of Medicine and Baylor St. Luke's Medical Center, Houston, Texas 77030; Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology (A.J.S.-S., J.T.F., B.Z., X.H., S.S.E.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104; New England Research Institutes, Inc (R.C.R.), Watertown, Massachusetts 02472; Division of Endocrinology (C.W., R.S.S.), Harbor-University of California at Los Angeles Medical Center and Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Torrance, California 90502; Research Program in Men's Health: Aging and Metabolism (S.Bh., S.Ba.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center (A.M.M.), Department of Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, and Division of Gerontology & Geriatric Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington 98108-1597; Department of Urology (J.K.P.), Moores Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, California 92093; Division of Geriatric Medicine (T.M.G.), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510; Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Molecular Medicine (M.E.M.), and Department of Medical Social Sciences (D.C.), Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611; Division of Epidemiology (E.B.-C.), Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California 92093-0607; Department of Epidemiology (J.A.C.), University of Pittsburgh, Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261; Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (D.C., L.G.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104; Divisions of Endocrinology and Geriatrics (
authors.forename: Raymond C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Rosen
authors.affiliation: Departments of Medicine and Molecular and Cellular Biology (G.R.C.), Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Baylor College of Medicine and Baylor St. Luke's Medical Center, Houston, Texas 77030; Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology (A.J.S.-S., J.T.F., B.Z., X.H., S.S.E.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104; New England Research Institutes, Inc (R.C.R.), Watertown, Massachusetts 02472; Division of Endocrinology (C.W., R.S.S.), Harbor-University of California at Los Angeles Medical Center and Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Torrance, California 90502; Research Program in Men's Health: Aging and Metabolism (S.Bh., S.Ba.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center (A.M.M.), Department of Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, and Division of Gerontology & Geriatric Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington 98108-1597; Department of Urology (J.K.P.), Moores Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, California 92093; Division of Geriatric Medicine (T.M.G.), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510; Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Molecular Medicine (M.E.M.), and Department of Medical Social Sciences (D.C.), Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611; Division of Epidemiology (E.B.-C.), Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California 92093-0607; Department of Epidemiology (J.A.C.), University of Pittsburgh, Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261; Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (D.C., L.G.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104; Divisions of Endocrinology and Geriatrics (
authors.forename: Christina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Departments of Medicine and Molecular and Cellular Biology (G.R.C.), Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Baylor College of Medicine and Baylor St. Luke's Medical Center, Houston, Texas 77030; Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology (A.J.S.-S., J.T.F., B.Z., X.H., S.S.E.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104; New England Research Institutes, Inc (R.C.R.), Watertown, Massachusetts 02472; Division of Endocrinology (C.W., R.S.S.), Harbor-University of California at Los Angeles Medical Center and Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Torrance, California 90502; Research Program in Men's Health: Aging and Metabolism (S.Bh., S.Ba.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center (A.M.M.), Department of Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, and Division of Gerontology & Geriatric Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington 98108-1597; Department of Urology (J.K.P.), Moores Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, California 92093; Division of Geriatric Medicine (T.M.G.), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510; Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Molecular Medicine (M.E.M.), and Department of Medical Social Sciences (D.C.), Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611; Division of Epidemiology (E.B.-C.), Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California 92093-0607; Department of Epidemiology (J.A.C.), University of Pittsburgh, Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261; Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (D.C., L.G.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104; Divisions of Endocrinology and Geriatrics (
authors.forename: Shalender
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bhasin
authors.affiliation: Departments of Medicine and Molecular and Cellular Biology (G.R.C.), Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Baylor College of Medicine and Baylor St. Luke's Medical Center, Houston, Texas 77030; Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology (A.J.S.-S., J.T.F., B.Z., X.H., S.S.E.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104; New England Research Institutes, Inc (R.C.R.), Watertown, Massachusetts 02472; Division of Endocrinology (C.W., R.S.S.), Harbor-University of California at Los Angeles Medical Center and Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Torrance, California 90502; Research Program in Men's Health: Aging and Metabolism (S.Bh., S.Ba.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center (A.M.M.), Department of Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, and Division of Gerontology & Geriatric Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington 98108-1597; Department of Urology (J.K.P.), Moores Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, California 92093; Division of Geriatric Medicine (T.M.G.), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510; Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Molecular Medicine (M.E.M.), and Department of Medical Social Sciences (D.C.), Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611; Division of Epidemiology (E.B.-C.), Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California 92093-0607; Department of Epidemiology (J.A.C.), University of Pittsburgh, Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261; Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (D.C., L.G.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104; Divisions of Endocrinology and Geriatrics (
authors.forename: Alvin M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Matsumoto
authors.affiliation: Departments of Medicine and Molecular and Cellular Biology (G.R.C.), Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Baylor College of Medicine and Baylor St. Luke's Medical Center, Houston, Texas 77030; Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology (A.J.S.-S., J.T.F., B.Z., X.H., S.S.E.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104; New England Research Institutes, Inc (R.C.R.), Watertown, Massachusetts 02472; Division of Endocrinology (C.W., R.S.S.), Harbor-University of California at Los Angeles Medical Center and Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Torrance, California 90502; Research Program in Men's Health: Aging and Metabolism (S.Bh., S.Ba.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center (A.M.M.), Department of Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, and Division of Gerontology & Geriatric Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington 98108-1597; Department of Urology (J.K.P.), Moores Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, California 92093; Division of Geriatric Medicine (T.M.G.), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510; Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Molecular Medicine (M.E.M.), and Department of Medical Social Sciences (D.C.), Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611; Division of Epidemiology (E.B.-C.), Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California 92093-0607; Department of Epidemiology (J.A.C.), University of Pittsburgh, Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261; Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (D.C., L.G.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104; Divisions of Endocrinology and Geriatrics (
authors.forename: J Kellogg
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Parsons
authors.affiliation: Departments of Medicine and Molecular and Cellular Biology (G.R.C.), Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Baylor College of Medicine and Baylor St. Luke's Medical Center, Houston, Texas 77030; Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology (A.J.S.-S., J.T.F., B.Z., X.H., S.S.E.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104; New England Research Institutes, Inc (R.C.R.), Watertown, Massachusetts 02472; Division of Endocrinology (C.W., R.S.S.), Harbor-University of California at Los Angeles Medical Center and Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Torrance, California 90502; Research Program in Men's Health: Aging and Metabolism (S.Bh., S.Ba.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center (A.M.M.), Department of Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, and Division of Gerontology & Geriatric Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington 98108-1597; Department of Urology (J.K.P.), Moores Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, California 92093; Division of Geriatric Medicine (T.M.G.), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510; Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Molecular Medicine (M.E.M.), and Department of Medical Social Sciences (D.C.), Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611; Division of Epidemiology (E.B.-C.), Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California 92093-0607; Department of Epidemiology (J.A.C.), University of Pittsburgh, Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261; Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (D.C., L.G.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104; Divisions of Endocrinology and Geriatrics (
authors.forename: Thomas M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Gill
authors.affiliation: Departments of Medicine and Molecular and Cellular Biology (G.R.C.), Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Baylor College of Medicine and Baylor St. Luke's Medical Center, Houston, Texas 77030; Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology (A.J.S.-S., J.T.F., B.Z., X.H., S.S.E.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104; New England Research Institutes, Inc (R.C.R.), Watertown, Massachusetts 02472; Division of Endocrinology (C.W., R.S.S.), Harbor-University of California at Los Angeles Medical Center and Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Torrance, California 90502; Research Program in Men's Health: Aging and Metabolism (S.Bh., S.Ba.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center (A.M.M.), Department of Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, and Division of Gerontology & Geriatric Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington 98108-1597; Department of Urology (J.K.P.), Moores Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, California 92093; Division of Geriatric Medicine (T.M.G.), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510; Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Molecular Medicine (M.E.M.), and Department of Medical Social Sciences (D.C.), Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611; Division of Epidemiology (E.B.-C.), Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California 92093-0607; Department of Epidemiology (J.A.C.), University of Pittsburgh, Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261; Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (D.C., L.G.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104; Divisions of Endocrinology and Geriatrics (
authors.forename: Mark E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Molitch
authors.affiliation: Departments of Medicine and Molecular and Cellular Biology (G.R.C.), Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Baylor College of Medicine and Baylor St. Luke's Medical Center, Houston, Texas 77030; Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology (A.J.S.-S., J.T.F., B.Z., X.H., S.S.E.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104; New England Research Institutes, Inc (R.C.R.), Watertown, Massachusetts 02472; Division of Endocrinology (C.W., R.S.S.), Harbor-University of California at Los Angeles Medical Center and Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Torrance, California 90502; Research Program in Men's Health: Aging and Metabolism (S.Bh., S.Ba.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center (A.M.M.), Department of Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, and Division of Gerontology & Geriatric Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington 98108-1597; Department of Urology (J.K.P.), Moores Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, California 92093; Division of Geriatric Medicine (T.M.G.), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510; Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Molecular Medicine (M.E.M.), and Department of Medical Social Sciences (D.C.), Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611; Division of Epidemiology (E.B.-C.), Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California 92093-0607; Department of Epidemiology (J.A.C.), University of Pittsburgh, Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261; Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (D.C., L.G.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104; Divisions of Endocrinology and Geriatrics (
authors.forename: John T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Farrar
authors.affiliation: Departments of Medicine and Molecular and Cellular Biology (G.R.C.), Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Baylor College of Medicine and Baylor St. Luke's Medical Center, Houston, Texas 77030; Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology (A.J.S.-S., J.T.F., B.Z., X.H., S.S.E.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104; New England Research Institutes, Inc (R.C.R.), Watertown, Massachusetts 02472; Division of Endocrinology (C.W., R.S.S.), Harbor-University of California at Los Angeles Medical Center and Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Torrance, California 90502; Research Program in Men's Health: Aging and Metabolism (S.Bh., S.Ba.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center (A.M.M.), Department of Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, and Division of Gerontology & Geriatric Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington 98108-1597; Department of Urology (J.K.P.), Moores Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, California 92093; Division of Geriatric Medicine (T.M.G.), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510; Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Molecular Medicine (M.E.M.), and Department of Medical Social Sciences (D.C.), Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611; Division of Epidemiology (E.B.-C.), Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California 92093-0607; Department of Epidemiology (J.A.C.), University of Pittsburgh, Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261; Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (D.C., L.G.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104; Divisions of Endocrinology and Geriatrics (
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cella
authors.affiliation: Departments of Medicine and Molecular and Cellular Biology (G.R.C.), Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Baylor College of Medicine and Baylor St. Luke's Medical Center, Houston, Texas 77030; Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology (A.J.S.-S., J.T.F., B.Z., X.H., S.S.E.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104; New England Research Institutes, Inc (R.C.R.), Watertown, Massachusetts 02472; Division of Endocrinology (C.W., R.S.S.), Harbor-University of California at Los Angeles Medical Center and Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Torrance, California 90502; Research Program in Men's Health: Aging and Metabolism (S.Bh., S.Ba.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center (A.M.M.), Department of Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, and Division of Gerontology & Geriatric Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington 98108-1597; Department of Urology (J.K.P.), Moores Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, California 92093; Division of Geriatric Medicine (T.M.G.), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510; Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Molecular Medicine (M.E.M.), and Department of Medical Social Sciences (D.C.), Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611; Division of Epidemiology (E.B.-C.), Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California 92093-0607; Department of Epidemiology (J.A.C.), University of Pittsburgh, Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261; Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (D.C., L.G.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104; Divisions of Endocrinology and Geriatrics (
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Barrett-Connor
authors.affiliation: Departments of Medicine and Molecular and Cellular Biology (G.R.C.), Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Baylor College of Medicine and Baylor St. Luke's Medical Center, Houston, Texas 77030; Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology (A.J.S.-S., J.T.F., B.Z., X.H., S.S.E.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104; New England Research Institutes, Inc (R.C.R.), Watertown, Massachusetts 02472; Division of Endocrinology (C.W., R.S.S.), Harbor-University of California at Los Angeles Medical Center and Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Torrance, California 90502; Research Program in Men's Health: Aging and Metabolism (S.Bh., S.Ba.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center (A.M.M.), Department of Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, and Division of Gerontology & Geriatric Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington 98108-1597; Department of Urology (J.K.P.), Moores Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, California 92093; Division of Geriatric Medicine (T.M.G.), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510; Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Molecular Medicine (M.E.M.), and Department of Medical Social Sciences (D.C.), Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611; Division of Epidemiology (E.B.-C.), Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California 92093-0607; Department of Epidemiology (J.A.C.), University of Pittsburgh, Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261; Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (D.C., L.G.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104; Divisions of Endocrinology and Geriatrics (
authors.forename: Jane A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Cauley
authors.affiliation: Departments of Medicine and Molecular and Cellular Biology (G.R.C.), Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Baylor College of Medicine and Baylor St. Luke's Medical Center, Houston, Texas 77030; Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology (A.J.S.-S., J.T.F., B.Z., X.H., S.S.E.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104; New England Research Institutes, Inc (R.C.R.), Watertown, Massachusetts 02472; Division of Endocrinology (C.W., R.S.S.), Harbor-University of California at Los Angeles Medical Center and Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Torrance, California 90502; Research Program in Men's Health: Aging and Metabolism (S.Bh., S.Ba.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center (A.M.M.), Department of Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, and Division of Gerontology & Geriatric Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington 98108-1597; Department of Urology (J.K.P.), Moores Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, California 92093; Division of Geriatric Medicine (T.M.G.), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510; Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Molecular Medicine (M.E.M.), and Department of Medical Social Sciences (D.C.), Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611; Division of Epidemiology (E.B.-C.), Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California 92093-0607; Department of Epidemiology (J.A.C.), University of Pittsburgh, Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261; Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (D.C., L.G.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104; Divisions of Endocrinology and Geriatrics (
authors.forename: Denise
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cifelli
authors.affiliation: Departments of Medicine and Molecular and Cellular Biology (G.R.C.), Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Baylor College of Medicine and Baylor St. Luke's Medical Center, Houston, Texas 77030; Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology (A.J.S.-S., J.T.F., B.Z., X.H., S.S.E.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104; New England Research Institutes, Inc (R.C.R.), Watertown, Massachusetts 02472; Division of Endocrinology (C.W., R.S.S.), Harbor-University of California at Los Angeles Medical Center and Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Torrance, California 90502; Research Program in Men's Health: Aging and Metabolism (S.Bh., S.Ba.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center (A.M.M.), Department of Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, and Division of Gerontology & Geriatric Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington 98108-1597; Department of Urology (J.K.P.), Moores Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, California 92093; Division of Geriatric Medicine (T.M.G.), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510; Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Molecular Medicine (M.E.M.), and Department of Medical Social Sciences (D.C.), Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611; Division of Epidemiology (E.B.-C.), Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California 92093-0607; Department of Epidemiology (J.A.C.), University of Pittsburgh, Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261; Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (D.C., L.G.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104; Divisions of Endocrinology and Geriatrics (
authors.forename: Jill P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Crandall
authors.affiliation: Departments of Medicine and Molecular and Cellular Biology (G.R.C.), Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Baylor College of Medicine and Baylor St. Luke's Medical Center, Houston, Texas 77030; Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology (A.J.S.-S., J.T.F., B.Z., X.H., S.S.E.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104; New England Research Institutes, Inc (R.C.R.), Watertown, Massachusetts 02472; Division of Endocrinology (C.W., R.S.S.), Harbor-University of California at Los Angeles Medical Center and Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Torrance, California 90502; Research Program in Men's Health: Aging and Metabolism (S.Bh., S.Ba.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center (A.M.M.), Department of Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, and Division of Gerontology & Geriatric Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington 98108-1597; Department of Urology (J.K.P.), Moores Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, California 92093; Division of Geriatric Medicine (T.M.G.), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510; Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Molecular Medicine (M.E.M.), and Department of Medical Social Sciences (D.C.), Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611; Division of Epidemiology (E.B.-C.), Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California 92093-0607; Department of Epidemiology (J.A.C.), University of Pittsburgh, Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261; Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (D.C., L.G.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104; Divisions of Endocrinology and Geriatrics (
authors.forename: Kristine E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Ensrud
authors.affiliation: Departments of Medicine and Molecular and Cellular Biology (G.R.C.), Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Baylor College of Medicine and Baylor St. Luke's Medical Center, Houston, Texas 77030; Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology (A.J.S.-S., J.T.F., B.Z., X.H., S.S.E.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104; New England Research Institutes, Inc (R.C.R.), Watertown, Massachusetts 02472; Division of Endocrinology (C.W., R.S.S.), Harbor-University of California at Los Angeles Medical Center and Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Torrance, California 90502; Research Program in Men's Health: Aging and Metabolism (S.Bh., S.Ba.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center (A.M.M.), Department of Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, and Division of Gerontology & Geriatric Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington 98108-1597; Department of Urology (J.K.P.), Moores Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, California 92093; Division of Geriatric Medicine (T.M.G.), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510; Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Molecular Medicine (M.E.M.), and Department of Medical Social Sciences (D.C.), Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611; Division of Epidemiology (E.B.-C.), Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California 92093-0607; Department of Epidemiology (J.A.C.), University of Pittsburgh, Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261; Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (D.C., L.G.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104; Divisions of Endocrinology and Geriatrics (
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gallagher
authors.affiliation: Departments of Medicine and Molecular and Cellular Biology (G.R.C.), Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Baylor College of Medicine and Baylor St. Luke's Medical Center, Houston, Texas 77030; Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology (A.J.S.-S., J.T.F., B.Z., X.H., S.S.E.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104; New England Research Institutes, Inc (R.C.R.), Watertown, Massachusetts 02472; Division of Endocrinology (C.W., R.S.S.), Harbor-University of California at Los Angeles Medical Center and Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Torrance, California 90502; Research Program in Men's Health: Aging and Metabolism (S.Bh., S.Ba.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center (A.M.M.), Department of Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, and Division of Gerontology & Geriatric Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington 98108-1597; Department of Urology (J.K.P.), Moores Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, California 92093; Division of Geriatric Medicine (T.M.G.), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510; Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Molecular Medicine (M.E.M.), and Department of Medical Social Sciences (D.C.), Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611; Division of Epidemiology (E.B.-C.), Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California 92093-0607; Department of Epidemiology (J.A.C.), University of Pittsburgh, Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261; Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (D.C., L.G.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104; Divisions of Endocrinology and Geriatrics (
authors.forename: Bret
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zeldow
authors.affiliation: Departments of Medicine and Molecular and Cellular Biology (G.R.C.), Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Baylor College of Medicine and Baylor St. Luke's Medical Center, Houston, Texas 77030; Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology (A.J.S.-S., J.T.F., B.Z., X.H., S.S.E.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104; New England Research Institutes, Inc (R.C.R.), Watertown, Massachusetts 02472; Division of Endocrinology (C.W., R.S.S.), Harbor-University of California at Los Angeles Medical Center and Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Torrance, California 90502; Research Program in Men's Health: Aging and Metabolism (S.Bh., S.Ba.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center (A.M.M.), Department of Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, and Division of Gerontology & Geriatric Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington 98108-1597; Department of Urology (J.K.P.), Moores Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, California 92093; Division of Geriatric Medicine (T.M.G.), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510; Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Molecular Medicine (M.E.M.), and Department of Medical Social Sciences (D.C.), Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611; Division of Epidemiology (E.B.-C.), Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California 92093-0607; Department of Epidemiology (J.A.C.), University of Pittsburgh, Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261; Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (D.C., L.G.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104; Divisions of Endocrinology and Geriatrics (
authors.forename: Cora E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Lewis
authors.affiliation: Departments of Medicine and Molecular and Cellular Biology (G.R.C.), Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Baylor College of Medicine and Baylor St. Luke's Medical Center, Houston, Texas 77030; Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology (A.J.S.-S., J.T.F., B.Z., X.H., S.S.E.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104; New England Research Institutes, Inc (R.C.R.), Watertown, Massachusetts 02472; Division of Endocrinology (C.W., R.S.S.), Harbor-University of California at Los Angeles Medical Center and Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Torrance, California 90502; Research Program in Men's Health: Aging and Metabolism (S.Bh., S.Ba.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center (A.M.M.), Department of Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, and Division of Gerontology & Geriatric Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington 98108-1597; Department of Urology (J.K.P.), Moores Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, California 92093; Division of Geriatric Medicine (T.M.G.), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510; Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Molecular Medicine (M.E.M.), and Department of Medical Social Sciences (D.C.), Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611; Division of Epidemiology (E.B.-C.), Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California 92093-0607; Department of Epidemiology (J.A.C.), University of Pittsburgh, Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261; Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (D.C., L.G.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104; Divisions of Endocrinology and Geriatrics (
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pahor
authors.affiliation: Departments of Medicine and Molecular and Cellular Biology (G.R.C.), Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Baylor College of Medicine and Baylor St. Luke's Medical Center, Houston, Texas 77030; Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology (A.J.S.-S., J.T.F., B.Z., X.H., S.S.E.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104; New England Research Institutes, Inc (R.C.R.), Watertown, Massachusetts 02472; Division of Endocrinology (C.W., R.S.S.), Harbor-University of California at Los Angeles Medical Center and Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Torrance, California 90502; Research Program in Men's Health: Aging and Metabolism (S.Bh., S.Ba.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center (A.M.M.), Department of Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, and Division of Gerontology & Geriatric Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington 98108-1597; Department of Urology (J.K.P.), Moores Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, California 92093; Division of Geriatric Medicine (T.M.G.), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510; Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Molecular Medicine (M.E.M.), and Department of Medical Social Sciences (D.C.), Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611; Division of Epidemiology (E.B.-C.), Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California 92093-0607; Department of Epidemiology (J.A.C.), University of Pittsburgh, Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261; Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (D.C., L.G.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104; Divisions of Endocrinology and Geriatrics (
authors.forename: Ronald S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Swerdloff
authors.affiliation: Departments of Medicine and Molecular and Cellular Biology (G.R.C.), Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Baylor College of Medicine and Baylor St. Luke's Medical Center, Houston, Texas 77030; Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology (A.J.S.-S., J.T.F., B.Z., X.H., S.S.E.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104; New England Research Institutes, Inc (R.C.R.), Watertown, Massachusetts 02472; Division of Endocrinology (C.W., R.S.S.), Harbor-University of California at Los Angeles Medical Center and Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Torrance, California 90502; Research Program in Men's Health: Aging and Metabolism (S.Bh., S.Ba.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center (A.M.M.), Department of Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, and Division of Gerontology & Geriatric Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington 98108-1597; Department of Urology (J.K.P.), Moores Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, California 92093; Division of Geriatric Medicine (T.M.G.), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510; Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Molecular Medicine (M.E.M.), and Department of Medical Social Sciences (D.C.), Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611; Division of Epidemiology (E.B.-C.), Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California 92093-0607; Department of Epidemiology (J.A.C.), University of Pittsburgh, Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261; Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (D.C., L.G.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104; Divisions of Endocrinology and Geriatrics (
authors.forename: Xiaoling
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Hou
authors.affiliation: Departments of Medicine and Molecular and Cellular Biology (G.R.C.), Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Baylor College of Medicine and Baylor St. Luke's Medical Center, Houston, Texas 77030; Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology (A.J.S.-S., J.T.F., B.Z., X.H., S.S.E.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104; New England Research Institutes, Inc (R.C.R.), Watertown, Massachusetts 02472; Division of Endocrinology (C.W., R.S.S.), Harbor-University of California at Los Angeles Medical Center and Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Torrance, California 90502; Research Program in Men's Health: Aging and Metabolism (S.Bh., S.Ba.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center (A.M.M.), Department of Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, and Division of Gerontology & Geriatric Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington 98108-1597; Department of Urology (J.K.P.), Moores Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, California 92093; Division of Geriatric Medicine (T.M.G.), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510; Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Molecular Medicine (M.E.M.), and Department of Medical Social Sciences (D.C.), Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611; Division of Epidemiology (E.B.-C.), Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California 92093-0607; Department of Epidemiology (J.A.C.), University of Pittsburgh, Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261; Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (D.C., L.G.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104; Divisions of Endocrinology and Geriatrics (
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Anton
authors.affiliation: Departments of Medicine and Molecular and Cellular Biology (G.R.C.), Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Baylor College of Medicine and Baylor St. Luke's Medical Center, Houston, Texas 77030; Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology (A.J.S.-S., J.T.F., B.Z., X.H., S.S.E.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104; New England Research Institutes, Inc (R.C.R.), Watertown, Massachusetts 02472; Division of Endocrinology (C.W., R.S.S.), Harbor-University of California at Los Angeles Medical Center and Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Torrance, California 90502; Research Program in Men's Health: Aging and Metabolism (S.Bh., S.Ba.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center (A.M.M.), Department of Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, and Division of Gerontology & Geriatric Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington 98108-1597; Department of Urology (J.K.P.), Moores Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, California 92093; Division of Geriatric Medicine (T.M.G.), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510; Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Molecular Medicine (M.E.M.), and Department of Medical Social Sciences (D.C.), Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611; Division of Epidemiology (E.B.-C.), Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California 92093-0607; Department of Epidemiology (J.A.C.), University of Pittsburgh, Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261; Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (D.C., L.G.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104; Divisions of Endocrinology and Geriatrics (
authors.forename: Shehzad
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Basaria
authors.affiliation: Departments of Medicine and Molecular and Cellular Biology (G.R.C.), Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Baylor College of Medicine and Baylor St. Luke's Medical Center, Houston, Texas 77030; Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology (A.J.S.-S., J.T.F., B.Z., X.H., S.S.E.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104; New England Research Institutes, Inc (R.C.R.), Watertown, Massachusetts 02472; Division of Endocrinology (C.W., R.S.S.), Harbor-University of California at Los Angeles Medical Center and Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Torrance, California 90502; Research Program in Men's Health: Aging and Metabolism (S.Bh., S.Ba.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center (A.M.M.), Department of Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, and Division of Gerontology & Geriatric Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington 98108-1597; Department of Urology (J.K.P.), Moores Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, California 92093; Division of Geriatric Medicine (T.M.G.), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510; Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Molecular Medicine (M.E.M.), and Department of Medical Social Sciences (D.C.), Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611; Division of Epidemiology (E.B.-C.), Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California 92093-0607; Department of Epidemiology (J.A.C.), University of Pittsburgh, Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261; Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (D.C., L.G.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104; Divisions of Endocrinology and Geriatrics (
authors.forename: Susan J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Diem
authors.affiliation: Departments of Medicine and Molecular and Cellular Biology (G.R.C.), Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Baylor College of Medicine and Baylor St. Luke's Medical Center, Houston, Texas 77030; Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology (A.J.S.-S., J.T.F., B.Z., X.H., S.S.E.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104; New England Research Institutes, Inc (R.C.R.), Watertown, Massachusetts 02472; Division of Endocrinology (C.W., R.S.S.), Harbor-University of California at Los Angeles Medical Center and Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Torrance, California 90502; Research Program in Men's Health: Aging and Metabolism (S.Bh., S.Ba.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center (A.M.M.), Department of Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, and Division of Gerontology & Geriatric Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington 98108-1597; Department of Urology (J.K.P.), Moores Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, California 92093; Division of Geriatric Medicine (T.M.G.), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510; Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Molecular Medicine (M.E.M.), and Department of Medical Social Sciences (D.C.), Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611; Division of Epidemiology (E.B.-C.), Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California 92093-0607; Department of Epidemiology (J.A.C.), University of Pittsburgh, Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261; Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (D.C., L.G.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104; Divisions of Endocrinology and Geriatrics (
authors.forename: Vafa
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Tabatabaie
authors.affiliation: Departments of Medicine and Molecular and Cellular Biology (G.R.C.), Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Baylor College of Medicine and Baylor St. Luke's Medical Center, Houston, Texas 77030; Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology (A.J.S.-S., J.T.F., B.Z., X.H., S.S.E.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104; New England Research Institutes, Inc (R.C.R.), Watertown, Massachusetts 02472; Division of Endocrinology (C.W., R.S.S.), Harbor-University of California at Los Angeles Medical Center and Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Torrance, California 90502; Research Program in Men's Health: Aging and Metabolism (S.Bh., S.Ba.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center (A.M.M.), Department of Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, and Division of Gerontology & Geriatric Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington 98108-1597; Department of Urology (J.K.P.), Moores Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, California 92093; Division of Geriatric Medicine (T.M.G.), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510; Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Molecular Medicine (M.E.M.), and Department of Medical Social Sciences (D.C.), Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611; Division of Epidemiology (E.B.-C.), Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California 92093-0607; Department of Epidemiology (J.A.C.), University of Pittsburgh, Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261; Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (D.C., L.G.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104; Divisions of Endocrinology and Geriatrics (
authors.forename: Susan S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Ellenberg
authors.affiliation: Departments of Medicine and Molecular and Cellular Biology (G.R.C.), Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Baylor College of Medicine and Baylor St. Luke's Medical Center, Houston, Texas 77030; Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology (A.J.S.-S., J.T.F., B.Z., X.H., S.S.E.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104; New England Research Institutes, Inc (R.C.R.), Watertown, Massachusetts 02472; Division of Endocrinology (C.W., R.S.S.), Harbor-University of California at Los Angeles Medical Center and Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Torrance, California 90502; Research Program in Men's Health: Aging and Metabolism (S.Bh., S.Ba.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center (A.M.M.), Department of Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, and Division of Gerontology & Geriatric Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington 98108-1597; Department of Urology (J.K.P.), Moores Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, California 92093; Division of Geriatric Medicine (T.M.G.), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510; Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Molecular Medicine (M.E.M.), and Department of Medical Social Sciences (D.C.), Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611; Division of Epidemiology (E.B.-C.), Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California 92093-0607; Department of Epidemiology (J.A.C.), University of Pittsburgh, Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261; Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (D.C., L.G.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104; Divisions of Endocrinology and Geriatrics (
authors.forename: Peter J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Snyder
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D007172:Erectile Dysfunction / Q000188:drug therapy; D020249:Hormone Replacement Therapy; D006801:Humans; D007989:Libido / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D010919:Placebos; D012725:Sexual Behavior / Q000187:drug effects*; D012735:Sexual Dysfunction, Physiological / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013739:Testosterone / Q000097:blood / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D010919:Placebos; D013739:Testosterone