title: Susceptibility to Temephos and Spinosad in Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) From Puerto Rico.
abstract: We examined the susceptibility to temephos and spinosad (Natular EC) of eight Aedes aegypti (L.) populations from Puerto Rico, following WHO method (WHO 2005). Enzyme activity was measured for alpha- and beta-esterases, multiple function oxidases, glutathione-s-transferases, and insensitive acetylcholinesterase and was tested for correlation with the susceptibility level. The results showed that larval populations from Puerto Rico obtained during 2014 were found to be susceptible to both larvicides, with low (resistance factor) RRLC50 values (<5 fold) and altered and incipiently altered enzyme expression for all populations, except the insensitive acetylcholinesterase enzyme, where only the population of Ponce showed overexpression (53.3%) above the threshold established with the New Orleans susceptible strain. We recommend the use of both larvicides for mosquito control in the study area and encourage further susceptibility monitoring.
authors.affiliation: Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas, San Nicolas de los Garza, N.L., 66455, Mexico (samdelriog@hotmail.com; adrflores@gmail.com; betygenesis@hotmail.com; gponcealfa@gmail.com).
authors.forename: Samanta L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Del Rio-Galvan
authors.affiliation: Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas, San Nicolas de los Garza, N.L., 66455, Mexico (samdelriog@hotmail.com; adrflores@gmail.com; betygenesis@hotmail.com; gponcealfa@gmail.com).
authors.forename: Adriana E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Flores
authors.affiliation: Entomology and Ecology Activity, Dengue Branch, Centers for Disease Prevention and Control, San Juan, Puerto Rico (amz9@cdc.gov; ckn5@cdc.gov; maa4@cdc.gov).
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Barrera
authors.affiliation: Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas, San Nicolas de los Garza, N.L., 66455, Mexico (samdelriog@hotmail.com; adrflores@gmail.com; betygenesis@hotmail.com; gponcealfa@gmail.com).
authors.forename: Beatriz
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lopez-Monroy
authors.affiliation: Entomology and Ecology Activity, Dengue Branch, Centers for Disease Prevention and Control, San Juan, Puerto Rico (amz9@cdc.gov; ckn5@cdc.gov; maa4@cdc.gov).
authors.forename: Gilberto
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Felix
authors.affiliation: Entomology and Ecology Activity, Dengue Branch, Centers for Disease Prevention and Control, San Juan, Puerto Rico (amz9@cdc.gov; ckn5@cdc.gov; maa4@cdc.gov).
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Amador
authors.affiliation: Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas, San Nicolas de los Garza, N.L., 66455, Mexico (samdelriog@hotmail.com; adrflores@gmail.com; betygenesis@hotmail.com; gponcealfa@gmail.com).
authors.forename: Gustavo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ponce-Garcia
keywords: 
            Aedes aegypti
          ; larvicide; spinosad; temephos