title: Three-dimensional analysis of tooth movements after palatal miniscrew-supported molar distalization.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this prospective clinical study was to evaluate the dentoalveolar effects of a palatal miniscrew-supported molar distalization appliance using a 3-dimensional reverse engineering method.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study sample comprised 21 patients at an average age of 13.6 years with a bilateral Class II molar relationship. Distalization was performed using skeletal anchorage. Dental casts were obtained just before treatment and after appliance removal, and they were scanned with a 3-dimensional dental scanner. The digital dental cast images were aligned. Four points and 2 lines were determined on each tooth, and the correlations between tooth movements and the linear and angular changes were analyzed 3 dimensionally.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the sagittal direction, the first molars showed a mean linear movement of 4.10 ± 1.57 mm, with distal tipping of 11.02°; the central incisors showed a mean distal movement of 0.95 ± 0.40 mm, with retroclination of 1.59 ± 0.59°. In the vertical direction, only the first molars showed intrusion, with a mean value of -0.59 ± 0.50 mm. Rotation of the first molars was 4.92° ± 3.09°. The second molars had the greatest rotation. The highest correlation among tooth movements was found between the first and second molars.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Through support from the anterior palatal region, the maxillary first molars were distalized without anchorage loss. Furthermore, movement was observed in all 3 planes of space with reduction from the posterior to the anterior in the maxillary arch.
authors.affiliation: Research assistant, Department of Orthodontics, Dental Sciences Center, Gülhane Military Medical Academy, Ankara, Turkey. Electronic address: gsduran@gata.edu.tr.
authors.forename: Gökhan Serhat
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Duran
authors.affiliation: Associate professor, Department of Orthodontics, Dental Sciences Center, Gülhane Military Medical Academy, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Serkan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Görgülü
authors.affiliation: Research assistant, Department of Orthodontics, Dental Sciences Center, Gülhane Military Medical Academy, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Furkan
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Dindaroğlu
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D008297:Male; D008312:Malocclusion, Angle Class II / Q000628:therapy*; D008963:Molar; D009967:Orthodontic Appliances; D010159:Palate; D011446:Prospective Studies; D014087:Tooth Movement Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation*