title: Umbilical hernias: the cost of waiting.
abstract: Umbilical hernias are well described in the literature, but its impact on health care is less understood. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of non-operative management of umbilical hernias on cost, work absenteeism, and resource utilization.
  
  
  
  The Truven Health Database, consisting of 279 employers and over 3000 hospitals, was reviewed for all umbilical hernia patients, aged 18-64 who were enrolled in health plans for 12 months prior to surgery and 12 months after surgery. Patients were excluded if they had a recurrence or had been offered a "no surgery" approach within 1 year of the index date. The remaining patients were separated into surgery (open or laparoscopic repair) or no surgery (NS). Post-cost analysis at 90 and 365 days and estimated days off from work were reviewed for each group.
  
  
  
  The non-surgery cohort had a higher proportion of females and comorbidity index. Adjusted analysis showed significantly higher 90 and 365 costs for the surgery group (p < 0.0001), though the cost difference did decrease over time. NS group had significantly higher estimated days of health-care utilization at both the 90 (1.99 vs. 3.58 p < 0.0001) and 365 (8.69 vs. 11.04 p < 0.0001) day post-index mark. A subgroup analysis demonstrated laparoscopic repair had higher costs compared to open primarily due to higher index procedure costs (p < 0.05).
  
  
  
  Though the financial costs were found to be higher in the surgery group, the majority of these were due to the surgery itself. Significantly higher days of health-care utilization and estimated days off work were experienced in the NS group. It is our belief that early operative intervention will lead to decreased costs and resource utilization.
authors.affiliation: Center for Minimally Invasive Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, 558 Doan Hall, 410 W. 10th Avenue, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA. david.strosberg@osumc.edu.
authors.forename: David S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Strosberg
authors.affiliation: Center for Minimally Invasive Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, 558 Doan Hall, 410 W. 10th Avenue, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.|Northwestern Medicine, Delnor Hospital, Geneva, IL, USA.
authors.forename: Matthew
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pittman
authors.affiliation: Center for Minimally Invasive Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, 558 Doan Hall, 410 W. 10th Avenue, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
authors.forename: Dean
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mikami
mesh_terms: D000041:Absenteeism; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D003365:Costs and Cost Analysis; D005260:Female; D017048:Health Care Costs; D006295:Health Resources / Q000191:economics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006296:Health Services / Q000191:economics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006554:Hernia, Umbilical / Q000191:economics / Q000628:therapy*; D059685:Herniorrhaphy / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018582:Sick Leave / Q000191:economics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D014481:United States; D057832:Watchful Waiting / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Cost analysis; Herniorrhaphy; Non-operative management; Umbilical hernia