title: Quantitative Evaluation of Adult Subglottic Stenosis Using Intraoperative Long-range Optical Coherence Tomography.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the feasibility of long-range optical coherence tomography (LR-OCT) as a tool to intraoperatively image and measure the subglottis and trachea during suspension microlaryngoscopy before and after endoscopic treatment of subglottic stenosis (SGS).
  
  
  METHODS
  Long-range optical coherence tomography of the adult subglottis and trachea was performed during suspension microlaryngoscopy before and after endoscopic treatment for SGS. The anteroposterior and transverse diameters, cross-sectional area (CSA), distance from the vocal cords, and length of the SGS were measured using a MATLAB software. Pre-intervention and postintervention airway dimensions were compared. Three-dimensional volumetric airway reconstructions were generated using medical image processing software (MIMICS).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Intraoperative LR-OCT imaging was performed in 3 patients undergoing endoscopic management of SGS. Statistically significant differences in mean anteroposterior diameter (P < .01), transverse diameter (P < .001), and CSA (P < .001) were noted between pre-intervention and postintervention data. Three-dimensional airway models were viewed in cross-sectional format and via virtual "fly through" bronchoscopy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is the first report of intraoperative LR-OCT of the subglottic and tracheal airway before and after surgical management of SGS in humans. Long-range optical coherence tomography offers a practical means to measure the dimensions of SGS and acquire objective data on the response to endoscopic treatment of SGS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, Irvine, California, USA.
authors.forename: Giriraj K
authors.initials: GK
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, Irvine, California, USA.
authors.forename: Anthony
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chin Loy
authors.affiliation: Beckman Laser Institute, University of California, Irvine, California, USA.
authors.forename: Erica
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Su
authors.affiliation: Beckman Laser Institute, University of California, Irvine, California, USA Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, California, USA.
authors.forename: Joe
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jing
authors.affiliation: Beckman Laser Institute, University of California, Irvine, California, USA Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, California, USA.
authors.forename: Zhongping
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, Irvine, California, USA.
authors.forename: Brian J-F
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, Irvine, California, USA University Voice and Swallowing Center, University of California, Irvine, California, USA verma@uci.edu.
authors.forename: Sunil
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Verma
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001205:Ascorbic Acid; D005260:Female; D005296:Ferrous Compounds; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D007430:Intraoperative Care; D007828:Laryngoscopy; D007829:Laryngostenosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D007830:Larynx / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D009929:Organ Size; D041623:Tomography, Optical Coherence / Q000379:methods*; D014132:Trachea / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*
chemical_list: D005296:Ferrous Compounds; C051140:iron(II)-ascorbic acid complex; D001205:Ascorbic Acid
keywords: airway measurement; direct laryngoscopy; optical coherence tomography; subglottic stenosis; suspension microlaryngoscopy