title: Ferulic acid ameliorates memory impairment in d-galactose-induced aging mouse model.
abstract: Ferulic acid (FA) acts as a powerful antioxidant against various age-related diseases. To investigate the effect and underlying mechanism of FA against d-galactose(d-gal)-induced memory deficit, mice were injected with d-gal to induce memory impairment and simultaneously treated with FA and donepezil. The behavioral results revealed that chronic FA treatment reversed d-gal-induced memory impairment. Further, FA treatment inhibited d-gal-induced AChE activity and oxidative stress via increase of superoxide dismutase activity and reduced glutathione content, as well as decrease of malondialdehyde and nitric oxide levels. We also observed that FA significantly inhibits inflammation in the brain through reduction of NF-κB and IL-1β by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Additionally, FA treatment significantly reduces the caspase-3 level in the hippocampus of d-gal-treated mice. Hematoxylin and eosin and Nissl staining showed that FA prevents neurodegeneration induced by d-gal. These findings showed that FA inhibits d-gal-induced AChE activity, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration, and consequently ameliorates memory impairment.
authors.affiliation: a School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology , Tianjin University , Tianjin , China ;
authors.forename: Honggai
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: a School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology , Tianjin University , Tianjin , China ;
authors.forename: Zhuo
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Qu
authors.affiliation: b Department of Pharmacy , Logistics College of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces , Tianjin , China.
authors.forename: Jingze
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: a School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology , Tianjin University , Tianjin , China ;
authors.forename: Liqin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Huo
authors.affiliation: a School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology , Tianjin University , Tianjin , China ;
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: a School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology , Tianjin University , Tianjin , China ;
authors.forename: Wenyuan
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Gao
mesh_terms: D000110:Acetylcholinesterase / Q000378:metabolism; D000375:Aging / Q000187:drug effects*; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D053148:Caspase 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D003373:Coumaric Acids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D000077265:Donepezil; D005690:Galactose / Q000633:toxicity*; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000187:drug effects; D007189:Indans / Q000494:pharmacology; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D008569:Memory Disorders / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy*; D051379:Mice; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D010880:Piperidines / Q000494:pharmacology; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D003373:Coumaric Acids; D007189:Indans; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D016328:NF-kappa B; D010880:Piperidines; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D000077265:Donepezil; C004999:ferulic acid; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D000110:Acetylcholinesterase; C505409:Casp3 protein, mouse; D053148:Caspase 3; D005978:Glutathione; D005690:Galactose
keywords: Ferulic acid; memory impairment; neurodegeneration; neuroinflammation; oxidative stress