title: A web-based training program to support chronic kidney disease screening by community pharmacists.
abstract: Background Community pharmacists' role in screening of several chronic diseases has been widely explored. The global health burden of chronic kidney disease is high; however, the progression and adverse outcomes can be prevented or delayed by detecting and treating the disease in its initial stages 1-3. Therefore, a web-based training program was developed to enhance pharmacists' knowledge and skills required to perform a chronic kidney disease screening service in a community setting. Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of a web-based training program on community pharmacists' knowledge and skills associated with chronic kidney disease screening. As secondary aim, pharmacists' satisfaction with the training program was assessed. Setting Community pharmacy practice. Method A web-based training program was developed by four pharmacists and a nephrologist. Quantitative data was collected by employing a self-administered, web-based questionnaire, which comprised a set of five multiple-choice knowledge questions and one clinical vignette to assess skills. A nine-item Likert scale was used to determine pharmacists' satisfaction with the training program. Main outcome measure Pharmacists' knowledge and skills scores at pre and post-training, reliability of the Likert scale, and the proportion of responses to the individual nine items of the satisfaction survey. Results Fifty pharmacists participated in the pre-questionnaire and 38 pharmacists completed the web-based training and post-questionnaire. Significant differences were observed in the knowledge scores (p < 0.001) and skills scores (p < 0.001) at pre- and post-training. Cronbach's alpha for the nine-item satisfaction scale was 0.73 and the majority pharmacists (92.1-100 %) were satisfied with the various aspects of the training program. Conclusion The web-based training program positively enhanced pharmacists' knowledge and skills associated with chronic kidney disease screening. These findings support further development and widespread implementation of the training program to facilitate health promotion and early identification of chronic kidney disease in a community setting.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 26, Hobart, 7001, Australia. Pankti.Gheewala@utas.edu.au.
authors.forename: Pankti A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Gheewala
authors.affiliation: Division of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 26, Hobart, 7001, Australia.
authors.forename: Gregory M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Peterson
authors.affiliation: Division of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 26, Hobart, 7001, Australia.
authors.forename: Syed Tabish R
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Zaidi
authors.affiliation: Division of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 26, Hobart, 7001, Australia.
authors.forename: Luke
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bereznicki
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, Faculty of Health, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, 7000, Australia.
authors.forename: Matthew D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Jose
authors.affiliation: Division of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 26, Hobart, 7001, Australia.
authors.forename: Ronald L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Castelino
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002983:Clinical Competence / Q000592:standards; D003157:Community Pharmacy Services / Q000592:standards*; D004512:Education, Pharmacy / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D020407:Internet / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010595:Pharmacists / Q000592:standards*; D024382:Professional Role; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013648:Tasmania / Q000453:epidemiology
keywords: Chronic kidney disease; Continuing professional education; Pharmacist; Screening; Web-based training program