title: Multimodality Molecular Imaging of Cardiac Cell Transplantation: Part II. In Vivo Imaging of Bone Marrow Stromal Cells in Swine with PET/CT and MR Imaging.
abstract: Purpose To quantitatively determine the limit of detection of marrow stromal cells (MSC) after cardiac cell therapy (CCT) in swine by using clinical positron emission tomography (PET) reporter gene imaging and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging with cell prelabeling. Materials and Methods Animal studies were approved by the institutional administrative panel on laboratory animal care. Seven swine received 23 intracardiac cell injections that contained control MSC and cell mixtures of MSC expressing a multimodality triple fusion (TF) reporter gene (MSC-TF) and bearing superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (NP) (MSC-TF-NP) or NP alone. Clinical MR imaging and PET reporter gene molecular imaging were performed after intravenous injection of the radiotracer fluorine 18-radiolabeled 9-[4-fluoro-3-(hydroxyl methyl) butyl] guanine ((18)F-FHBG). Linear regression analysis of both MR imaging and PET data and nonlinear regression analysis of PET data were performed, accounting for multiple injections per animal. Results MR imaging showed a positive correlation between MSC-TF-NP cell number and dephasing (dark) signal (R(2) = 0.72, P = .0001) and a lower detection limit of at least approximately 1.5 × 10(7) cells. PET reporter gene imaging demonstrated a significant positive correlation between MSC-TF and target-to-background ratio with the linear model (R(2) = 0.88, P = .0001, root mean square error = 0.523) and the nonlinear model (R(2) = 0.99, P = .0001, root mean square error = 0.273) and a lower detection limit of 2.5 × 10(8) cells. Conclusion The authors quantitatively determined the limit of detection of MSC after CCT in swine by using clinical PET reporter gene imaging and clinical MR imaging with cell prelabeling. (©) RSNA, 2016 Online supplemental material is available for this article.
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Radiology, James Clark Center, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, 318 Campus Drive West, Room E153, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 (N.P., K.Z., K.I., R.P., J.K.W., D.Y., M.P., Y.F.C., F.H., S.Y., S.S.G.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (J.C., F.I., J.K.L., T.T., H.K., C.N.D., M.M., R.D., P.C.Y., T.J.B., P.G.Y., M.V.M.), Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery (J.C.S., D.R.M., J.E.C., A.B.G., R.C.R.), Department of Bioengineering (D.Y., P.G.Y., S.S.G.), Canary Center for Early Detection of Cancer (R.P., S.S.G.), and Department of Materials Science and Engineering (S.S.G.), Stanford University, Stanford, Calif; GE Global Research Center, General Electric, Niskayuna, NY (S.B.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea (B.C.A.); and Advanced Center for Treatment, Research, and Education ACTREC, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, India (P.R.).
authors.forename: Natesh
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Parashurama
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Radiology, James Clark Center, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, 318 Campus Drive West, Room E153, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 (N.P., K.Z., K.I., R.P., J.K.W., D.Y., M.P., Y.F.C., F.H., S.Y., S.S.G.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (J.C., F.I., J.K.L., T.T., H.K., C.N.D., M.M., R.D., P.C.Y., T.J.B., P.G.Y., M.V.M.), Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery (J.C.S., D.R.M., J.E.C., A.B.G., R.C.R.), Department of Bioengineering (D.Y., P.G.Y., S.S.G.), Canary Center for Early Detection of Cancer (R.P., S.S.G.), and Department of Materials Science and Engineering (S.S.G.), Stanford University, Stanford, Calif; GE Global Research Center, General Electric, Niskayuna, NY (S.B.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea (B.C.A.); and Advanced Center for Treatment, Research, and Education ACTREC, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, India (P.R.).
authors.forename: Byeong-Cheol
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Ahn
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Radiology, James Clark Center, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, 318 Campus Drive West, Room E153, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 (N.P., K.Z., K.I., R.P., J.K.W., D.Y., M.P., Y.F.C., F.H., S.Y., S.S.G.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (J.C., F.I., J.K.L., T.T., H.K., C.N.D., M.M., R.D., P.C.Y., T.J.B., P.G.Y., M.V.M.), Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery (J.C.S., D.R.M., J.E.C., A.B.G., R.C.R.), Department of Bioengineering (D.Y., P.G.Y., S.S.G.), Canary Center for Early Detection of Cancer (R.P., S.S.G.), and Department of Materials Science and Engineering (S.S.G.), Stanford University, Stanford, Calif; GE Global Research Center, General Electric, Niskayuna, NY (S.B.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea (B.C.A.); and Advanced Center for Treatment, Research, and Education ACTREC, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, India (P.R.).
authors.forename: Keren
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ziv
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Radiology, James Clark Center, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, 318 Campus Drive West, Room E153, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 (N.P., K.Z., K.I., R.P., J.K.W., D.Y., M.P., Y.F.C., F.H., S.Y., S.S.G.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (J.C., F.I., J.K.L., T.T., H.K., C.N.D., M.M., R.D., P.C.Y., T.J.B., P.G.Y., M.V.M.), Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery (J.C.S., D.R.M., J.E.C., A.B.G., R.C.R.), Department of Bioengineering (D.Y., P.G.Y., S.S.G.), Canary Center for Early Detection of Cancer (R.P., S.S.G.), and Department of Materials Science and Engineering (S.S.G.), Stanford University, Stanford, Calif; GE Global Research Center, General Electric, Niskayuna, NY (S.B.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea (B.C.A.); and Advanced Center for Treatment, Research, and Education ACTREC, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, India (P.R.).
authors.forename: Ken
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Radiology, James Clark Center, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, 318 Campus Drive West, Room E153, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 (N.P., K.Z., K.I., R.P., J.K.W., D.Y., M.P., Y.F.C., F.H., S.Y., S.S.G.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (J.C., F.I., J.K.L., T.T., H.K., C.N.D., M.M., R.D., P.C.Y., T.J.B., P.G.Y., M.V.M.), Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery (J.C.S., D.R.M., J.E.C., A.B.G., R.C.R.), Department of Bioengineering (D.Y., P.G.Y., S.S.G.), Canary Center for Early Detection of Cancer (R.P., S.S.G.), and Department of Materials Science and Engineering (S.S.G.), Stanford University, Stanford, Calif; GE Global Research Center, General Electric, Niskayuna, NY (S.B.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea (B.C.A.); and Advanced Center for Treatment, Research, and Education ACTREC, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, India (P.R.).
authors.forename: Ramasamy
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Paulmurugan
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Radiology, James Clark Center, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, 318 Campus Drive West, Room E153, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 (N.P., K.Z., K.I., R.P., J.K.W., D.Y., M.P., Y.F.C., F.H., S.Y., S.S.G.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (J.C., F.I., J.K.L., T.T., H.K., C.N.D., M.M., R.D., P.C.Y., T.J.B., P.G.Y., M.V.M.), Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery (J.C.S., D.R.M., J.E.C., A.B.G., R.C.R.), Department of Bioengineering (D.Y., P.G.Y., S.S.G.), Canary Center for Early Detection of Cancer (R.P., S.S.G.), and Department of Materials Science and Engineering (S.S.G.), Stanford University, Stanford, Calif; GE Global Research Center, General Electric, Niskayuna, NY (S.B.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea (B.C.A.); and Advanced Center for Treatment, Research, and Education ACTREC, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, India (P.R.).
authors.forename: Jürgen K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Willmann
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Radiology, James Clark Center, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, 318 Campus Drive West, Room E153, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 (N.P., K.Z., K.I., R.P., J.K.W., D.Y., M.P., Y.F.C., F.H., S.Y., S.S.G.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (J.C., F.I., J.K.L., T.T., H.K., C.N.D., M.M., R.D., P.C.Y., T.J.B., P.G.Y., M.V.M.), Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery (J.C.S., D.R.M., J.E.C., A.B.G., R.C.R.), Department of Bioengineering (D.Y., P.G.Y., S.S.G.), Canary Center for Early Detection of Cancer (R.P., S.S.G.), and Department of Materials Science and Engineering (S.S.G.), Stanford University, Stanford, Calif; GE Global Research Center, General Electric, Niskayuna, NY (S.B.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea (B.C.A.); and Advanced Center for Treatment, Research, and Education ACTREC, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, India (P.R.).
authors.forename: Jaehoon
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Radiology, James Clark Center, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, 318 Campus Drive West, Room E153, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 (N.P., K.Z., K.I., R.P., J.K.W., D.Y., M.P., Y.F.C., F.H., S.Y., S.S.G.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (J.C., F.I., J.K.L., T.T., H.K., C.N.D., M.M., R.D., P.C.Y., T.J.B., P.G.Y., M.V.M.), Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery (J.C.S., D.R.M., J.E.C., A.B.G., R.C.R.), Department of Bioengineering (D.Y., P.G.Y., S.S.G.), Canary Center for Early Detection of Cancer (R.P., S.S.G.), and Department of Materials Science and Engineering (S.S.G.), Stanford University, Stanford, Calif; GE Global Research Center, General Electric, Niskayuna, NY (S.B.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea (B.C.A.); and Advanced Center for Treatment, Research, and Education ACTREC, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, India (P.R.).
authors.forename: Fumiaki
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ikeno
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Radiology, James Clark Center, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, 318 Campus Drive West, Room E153, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 (N.P., K.Z., K.I., R.P., J.K.W., D.Y., M.P., Y.F.C., F.H., S.Y., S.S.G.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (J.C., F.I., J.K.L., T.T., H.K., C.N.D., M.M., R.D., P.C.Y., T.J.B., P.G.Y., M.V.M.), Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery (J.C.S., D.R.M., J.E.C., A.B.G., R.C.R.), Department of Bioengineering (D.Y., P.G.Y., S.S.G.), Canary Center for Early Detection of Cancer (R.P., S.S.G.), and Department of Materials Science and Engineering (S.S.G.), Stanford University, Stanford, Calif; GE Global Research Center, General Electric, Niskayuna, NY (S.B.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea (B.C.A.); and Advanced Center for Treatment, Research, and Education ACTREC, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, India (P.R.).
authors.forename: Julia C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Swanson
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Radiology, James Clark Center, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, 318 Campus Drive West, Room E153, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 (N.P., K.Z., K.I., R.P., J.K.W., D.Y., M.P., Y.F.C., F.H., S.Y., S.S.G.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (J.C., F.I., J.K.L., T.T., H.K., C.N.D., M.M., R.D., P.C.Y., T.J.B., P.G.Y., M.V.M.), Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery (J.C.S., D.R.M., J.E.C., A.B.G., R.C.R.), Department of Bioengineering (D.Y., P.G.Y., S.S.G.), Canary Center for Early Detection of Cancer (R.P., S.S.G.), and Department of Materials Science and Engineering (S.S.G.), Stanford University, Stanford, Calif; GE Global Research Center, General Electric, Niskayuna, NY (S.B.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea (B.C.A.); and Advanced Center for Treatment, Research, and Education ACTREC, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, India (P.R.).
authors.forename: Denis R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Merk
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Radiology, James Clark Center, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, 318 Campus Drive West, Room E153, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 (N.P., K.Z., K.I., R.P., J.K.W., D.Y., M.P., Y.F.C., F.H., S.Y., S.S.G.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (J.C., F.I., J.K.L., T.T., H.K., C.N.D., M.M., R.D., P.C.Y., T.J.B., P.G.Y., M.V.M.), Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery (J.C.S., D.R.M., J.E.C., A.B.G., R.C.R.), Department of Bioengineering (D.Y., P.G.Y., S.S.G.), Canary Center for Early Detection of Cancer (R.P., S.S.G.), and Department of Materials Science and Engineering (S.S.G.), Stanford University, Stanford, Calif; GE Global Research Center, General Electric, Niskayuna, NY (S.B.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea (B.C.A.); and Advanced Center for Treatment, Research, and Education ACTREC, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, India (P.R.).
authors.forename: Jennifer K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Lyons
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Radiology, James Clark Center, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, 318 Campus Drive West, Room E153, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 (N.P., K.Z., K.I., R.P., J.K.W., D.Y., M.P., Y.F.C., F.H., S.Y., S.S.G.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (J.C., F.I., J.K.L., T.T., H.K., C.N.D., M.M., R.D., P.C.Y., T.J.B., P.G.Y., M.V.M.), Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery (J.C.S., D.R.M., J.E.C., A.B.G., R.C.R.), Department of Bioengineering (D.Y., P.G.Y., S.S.G.), Canary Center for Early Detection of Cancer (R.P., S.S.G.), and Department of Materials Science and Engineering (S.S.G.), Stanford University, Stanford, Calif; GE Global Research Center, General Electric, Niskayuna, NY (S.B.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea (B.C.A.); and Advanced Center for Treatment, Research, and Education ACTREC, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, India (P.R.).
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Yerushalmi
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Radiology, James Clark Center, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, 318 Campus Drive West, Room E153, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 (N.P., K.Z., K.I., R.P., J.K.W., D.Y., M.P., Y.F.C., F.H., S.Y., S.S.G.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (J.C., F.I., J.K.L., T.T., H.K., C.N.D., M.M., R.D., P.C.Y., T.J.B., P.G.Y., M.V.M.), Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery (J.C.S., D.R.M., J.E.C., A.B.G., R.C.R.), Department of Bioengineering (D.Y., P.G.Y., S.S.G.), Canary Center for Early Detection of Cancer (R.P., S.S.G.), and Department of Materials Science and Engineering (S.S.G.), Stanford University, Stanford, Calif; GE Global Research Center, General Electric, Niskayuna, NY (S.B.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea (B.C.A.); and Advanced Center for Treatment, Research, and Education ACTREC, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, India (P.R.).
authors.forename: Tomohiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Teramoto
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Radiology, James Clark Center, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, 318 Campus Drive West, Room E153, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 (N.P., K.Z., K.I., R.P., J.K.W., D.Y., M.P., Y.F.C., F.H., S.Y., S.S.G.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (J.C., F.I., J.K.L., T.T., H.K., C.N.D., M.M., R.D., P.C.Y., T.J.B., P.G.Y., M.V.M.), Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery (J.C.S., D.R.M., J.E.C., A.B.G., R.C.R.), Department of Bioengineering (D.Y., P.G.Y., S.S.G.), Canary Center for Early Detection of Cancer (R.P., S.S.G.), and Department of Materials Science and Engineering (S.S.G.), Stanford University, Stanford, Calif; GE Global Research Center, General Electric, Niskayuna, NY (S.B.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea (B.C.A.); and Advanced Center for Treatment, Research, and Education ACTREC, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, India (P.R.).
authors.forename: Hisanori
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kosuge
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Radiology, James Clark Center, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, 318 Campus Drive West, Room E153, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 (N.P., K.Z., K.I., R.P., J.K.W., D.Y., M.P., Y.F.C., F.H., S.Y., S.S.G.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (J.C., F.I., J.K.L., T.T., H.K., C.N.D., M.M., R.D., P.C.Y., T.J.B., P.G.Y., M.V.M.), Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery (J.C.S., D.R.M., J.E.C., A.B.G., R.C.R.), Department of Bioengineering (D.Y., P.G.Y., S.S.G.), Canary Center for Early Detection of Cancer (R.P., S.S.G.), and Department of Materials Science and Engineering (S.S.G.), Stanford University, Stanford, Calif; GE Global Research Center, General Electric, Niskayuna, NY (S.B.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea (B.C.A.); and Advanced Center for Treatment, Research, and Education ACTREC, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, India (P.R.).
authors.forename: Catherine N
authors.initials: CN
authors.lastname: Dao
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Radiology, James Clark Center, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, 318 Campus Drive West, Room E153, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 (N.P., K.Z., K.I., R.P., J.K.W., D.Y., M.P., Y.F.C., F.H., S.Y., S.S.G.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (J.C., F.I., J.K.L., T.T., H.K., C.N.D., M.M., R.D., P.C.Y., T.J.B., P.G.Y., M.V.M.), Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery (J.C.S., D.R.M., J.E.C., A.B.G., R.C.R.), Department of Bioengineering (D.Y., P.G.Y., S.S.G.), Canary Center for Early Detection of Cancer (R.P., S.S.G.), and Department of Materials Science and Engineering (S.S.G.), Stanford University, Stanford, Calif; GE Global Research Center, General Electric, Niskayuna, NY (S.B.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea (B.C.A.); and Advanced Center for Treatment, Research, and Education ACTREC, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, India (P.R.).
authors.forename: Pritha
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ray
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Radiology, James Clark Center, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, 318 Campus Drive West, Room E153, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 (N.P., K.Z., K.I., R.P., J.K.W., D.Y., M.P., Y.F.C., F.H., S.Y., S.S.G.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (J.C., F.I., J.K.L., T.T., H.K., C.N.D., M.M., R.D., P.C.Y., T.J.B., P.G.Y., M.V.M.), Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery (J.C.S., D.R.M., J.E.C., A.B.G., R.C.R.), Department of Bioengineering (D.Y., P.G.Y., S.S.G.), Canary Center for Early Detection of Cancer (R.P., S.S.G.), and Department of Materials Science and Engineering (S.S.G.), Stanford University, Stanford, Calif; GE Global Research Center, General Electric, Niskayuna, NY (S.B.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea (B.C.A.); and Advanced Center for Treatment, Research, and Education ACTREC, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, India (P.R.).
authors.forename: Manishkumar
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Radiology, James Clark Center, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, 318 Campus Drive West, Room E153, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 (N.P., K.Z., K.I., R.P., J.K.W., D.Y., M.P., Y.F.C., F.H., S.Y., S.S.G.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (J.C., F.I., J.K.L., T.T., H.K., C.N.D., M.M., R.D., P.C.Y., T.J.B., P.G.Y., M.V.M.), Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery (J.C.S., D.R.M., J.E.C., A.B.G., R.C.R.), Department of Bioengineering (D.Y., P.G.Y., S.S.G.), Canary Center for Early Detection of Cancer (R.P., S.S.G.), and Department of Materials Science and Engineering (S.S.G.), Stanford University, Stanford, Calif; GE Global Research Center, General Electric, Niskayuna, NY (S.B.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea (B.C.A.); and Advanced Center for Treatment, Research, and Education ACTREC, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, India (P.R.).
authors.forename: Ya-Fang
authors.initials: YF
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Radiology, James Clark Center, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, 318 Campus Drive West, Room E153, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 (N.P., K.Z., K.I., R.P., J.K.W., D.Y., M.P., Y.F.C., F.H., S.Y., S.S.G.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (J.C., F.I., J.K.L., T.T., H.K., C.N.D., M.M., R.D., P.C.Y., T.J.B., P.G.Y., M.V.M.), Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery (J.C.S., D.R.M., J.E.C., A.B.G., R.C.R.), Department of Bioengineering (D.Y., P.G.Y., S.S.G.), Canary Center for Early Detection of Cancer (R.P., S.S.G.), and Department of Materials Science and Engineering (S.S.G.), Stanford University, Stanford, Calif; GE Global Research Center, General Electric, Niskayuna, NY (S.B.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea (B.C.A.); and Advanced Center for Treatment, Research, and Education ACTREC, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, India (P.R.).
authors.forename: Morteza
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mahmoudi
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Radiology, James Clark Center, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, 318 Campus Drive West, Room E153, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 (N.P., K.Z., K.I., R.P., J.K.W., D.Y., M.P., Y.F.C., F.H., S.Y., S.S.G.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (J.C., F.I., J.K.L., T.T., H.K., C.N.D., M.M., R.D., P.C.Y., T.J.B., P.G.Y., M.V.M.), Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery (J.C.S., D.R.M., J.E.C., A.B.G., R.C.R.), Department of Bioengineering (D.Y., P.G.Y., S.S.G.), Canary Center for Early Detection of Cancer (R.P., S.S.G.), and Department of Materials Science and Engineering (S.S.G.), Stanford University, Stanford, Calif; GE Global Research Center, General Electric, Niskayuna, NY (S.B.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea (B.C.A.); and Advanced Center for Treatment, Research, and Education ACTREC, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, India (P.R.).
authors.forename: Jeff Eric
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Radiology, James Clark Center, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, 318 Campus Drive West, Room E153, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 (N.P., K.Z., K.I., R.P., J.K.W., D.Y., M.P., Y.F.C., F.H., S.Y., S.S.G.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (J.C., F.I., J.K.L., T.T., H.K., C.N.D., M.M., R.D., P.C.Y., T.J.B., P.G.Y., M.V.M.), Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery (J.C.S., D.R.M., J.E.C., A.B.G., R.C.R.), Department of Bioengineering (D.Y., P.G.Y., S.S.G.), Canary Center for Early Detection of Cancer (R.P., S.S.G.), and Department of Materials Science and Engineering (S.S.G.), Stanford University, Stanford, Calif; GE Global Research Center, General Electric, Niskayuna, NY (S.B.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea (B.C.A.); and Advanced Center for Treatment, Research, and Education ACTREC, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, India (P.R.).
authors.forename: Andrew Brooks
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Goldstone
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Radiology, James Clark Center, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, 318 Campus Drive West, Room E153, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 (N.P., K.Z., K.I., R.P., J.K.W., D.Y., M.P., Y.F.C., F.H., S.Y., S.S.G.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (J.C., F.I., J.K.L., T.T., H.K., C.N.D., M.M., R.D., P.C.Y., T.J.B., P.G.Y., M.V.M.), Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery (J.C.S., D.R.M., J.E.C., A.B.G., R.C.R.), Department of Bioengineering (D.Y., P.G.Y., S.S.G.), Canary Center for Early Detection of Cancer (R.P., S.S.G.), and Department of Materials Science and Engineering (S.S.G.), Stanford University, Stanford, Calif; GE Global Research Center, General Electric, Niskayuna, NY (S.B.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea (B.C.A.); and Advanced Center for Treatment, Research, and Education ACTREC, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, India (P.R.).
authors.forename: Frezghi
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Habte
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Radiology, James Clark Center, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, 318 Campus Drive West, Room E153, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 (N.P., K.Z., K.I., R.P., J.K.W., D.Y., M.P., Y.F.C., F.H., S.Y., S.S.G.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (J.C., F.I., J.K.L., T.T., H.K., C.N.D., M.M., R.D., P.C.Y., T.J.B., P.G.Y., M.V.M.), Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery (J.C.S., D.R.M., J.E.C., A.B.G., R.C.R.), Department of Bioengineering (D.Y., P.G.Y., S.S.G.), Canary Center for Early Detection of Cancer (R.P., S.S.G.), and Department of Materials Science and Engineering (S.S.G.), Stanford University, Stanford, Calif; GE Global Research Center, General Electric, Niskayuna, NY (S.B.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea (B.C.A.); and Advanced Center for Treatment, Research, and Education ACTREC, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, India (P.R.).
authors.forename: Srabani
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bhaumik
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Radiology, James Clark Center, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, 318 Campus Drive West, Room E153, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 (N.P., K.Z., K.I., R.P., J.K.W., D.Y., M.P., Y.F.C., F.H., S.Y., S.S.G.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (J.C., F.I., J.K.L., T.T., H.K., C.N.D., M.M., R.D., P.C.Y., T.J.B., P.G.Y., M.V.M.), Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery (J.C.S., D.R.M., J.E.C., A.B.G., R.C.R.), Department of Bioengineering (D.Y., P.G.Y., S.S.G.), Canary Center for Early Detection of Cancer (R.P., S.S.G.), and Department of Materials Science and Engineering (S.S.G.), Stanford University, Stanford, Calif; GE Global Research Center, General Electric, Niskayuna, NY (S.B.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea (B.C.A.); and Advanced Center for Treatment, Research, and Education ACTREC, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, India (P.R.).
authors.forename: Shahriar
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yaghoubi
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Radiology, James Clark Center, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, 318 Campus Drive West, Room E153, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 (N.P., K.Z., K.I., R.P., J.K.W., D.Y., M.P., Y.F.C., F.H., S.Y., S.S.G.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (J.C., F.I., J.K.L., T.T., H.K., C.N.D., M.M., R.D., P.C.Y., T.J.B., P.G.Y., M.V.M.), Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery (J.C.S., D.R.M., J.E.C., A.B.G., R.C.R.), Department of Bioengineering (D.Y., P.G.Y., S.S.G.), Canary Center for Early Detection of Cancer (R.P., S.S.G.), and Department of Materials Science and Engineering (S.S.G.), Stanford University, Stanford, Calif; GE Global Research Center, General Electric, Niskayuna, NY (S.B.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea (B.C.A.); and Advanced Center for Treatment, Research, and Education ACTREC, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, India (P.R.).
authors.forename: Robert C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Robbins
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Radiology, James Clark Center, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, 318 Campus Drive West, Room E153, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 (N.P., K.Z., K.I., R.P., J.K.W., D.Y., M.P., Y.F.C., F.H., S.Y., S.S.G.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (J.C., F.I., J.K.L., T.T., H.K., C.N.D., M.M., R.D., P.C.Y., T.J.B., P.G.Y., M.V.M.), Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery (J.C.S., D.R.M., J.E.C., A.B.G., R.C.R.), Department of Bioengineering (D.Y., P.G.Y., S.S.G.), Canary Center for Early Detection of Cancer (R.P., S.S.G.), and Department of Materials Science and Engineering (S.S.G.), Stanford University, Stanford, Calif; GE Global Research Center, General Electric, Niskayuna, NY (S.B.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea (B.C.A.); and Advanced Center for Treatment, Research, and Education ACTREC, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, India (P.R.).
authors.forename: Rajesh
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dash
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Radiology, James Clark Center, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, 318 Campus Drive West, Room E153, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 (N.P., K.Z., K.I., R.P., J.K.W., D.Y., M.P., Y.F.C., F.H., S.Y., S.S.G.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (J.C., F.I., J.K.L., T.T., H.K., C.N.D., M.M., R.D., P.C.Y., T.J.B., P.G.Y., M.V.M.), Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery (J.C.S., D.R.M., J.E.C., A.B.G., R.C.R.), Department of Bioengineering (D.Y., P.G.Y., S.S.G.), Canary Center for Early Detection of Cancer (R.P., S.S.G.), and Department of Materials Science and Engineering (S.S.G.), Stanford University, Stanford, Calif; GE Global Research Center, General Electric, Niskayuna, NY (S.B.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea (B.C.A.); and Advanced Center for Treatment, Research, and Education ACTREC, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, India (P.R.).
authors.forename: Phillip C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Radiology, James Clark Center, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, 318 Campus Drive West, Room E153, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 (N.P., K.Z., K.I., R.P., J.K.W., D.Y., M.P., Y.F.C., F.H., S.Y., S.S.G.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (J.C., F.I., J.K.L., T.T., H.K., C.N.D., M.M., R.D., P.C.Y., T.J.B., P.G.Y., M.V.M.), Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery (J.C.S., D.R.M., J.E.C., A.B.G., R.C.R.), Department of Bioengineering (D.Y., P.G.Y., S.S.G.), Canary Center for Early Detection of Cancer (R.P., S.S.G.), and Department of Materials Science and Engineering (S.S.G.), Stanford University, Stanford, Calif; GE Global Research Center, General Electric, Niskayuna, NY (S.B.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea (B.C.A.); and Advanced Center for Treatment, Research, and Education ACTREC, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, India (P.R.).
authors.forename: Todd J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Brinton
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Radiology, James Clark Center, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, 318 Campus Drive West, Room E153, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 (N.P., K.Z., K.I., R.P., J.K.W., D.Y., M.P., Y.F.C., F.H., S.Y., S.S.G.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (J.C., F.I., J.K.L., T.T., H.K., C.N.D., M.M., R.D., P.C.Y., T.J.B., P.G.Y., M.V.M.), Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery (J.C.S., D.R.M., J.E.C., A.B.G., R.C.R.), Department of Bioengineering (D.Y., P.G.Y., S.S.G.), Canary Center for Early Detection of Cancer (R.P., S.S.G.), and Department of Materials Science and Engineering (S.S.G.), Stanford University, Stanford, Calif; GE Global Research Center, General Electric, Niskayuna, NY (S.B.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea (B.C.A.); and Advanced Center for Treatment, Research, and Education ACTREC, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, India (P.R.).
authors.forename: Paul G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Yock
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Radiology, James Clark Center, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, 318 Campus Drive West, Room E153, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 (N.P., K.Z., K.I., R.P., J.K.W., D.Y., M.P., Y.F.C., F.H., S.Y., S.S.G.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (J.C., F.I., J.K.L., T.T., H.K., C.N.D., M.M., R.D., P.C.Y., T.J.B., P.G.Y., M.V.M.), Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery (J.C.S., D.R.M., J.E.C., A.B.G., R.C.R.), Department of Bioengineering (D.Y., P.G.Y., S.S.G.), Canary Center for Early Detection of Cancer (R.P., S.S.G.), and Department of Materials Science and Engineering (S.S.G.), Stanford University, Stanford, Calif; GE Global Research Center, General Electric, Niskayuna, NY (S.B.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea (B.C.A.); and Advanced Center for Treatment, Research, and Education ACTREC, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, India (P.R.).
authors.forename: Michael V
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: McConnell
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Radiology, James Clark Center, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, 318 Campus Drive West, Room E153, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 (N.P., K.Z., K.I., R.P., J.K.W., D.Y., M.P., Y.F.C., F.H., S.Y., S.S.G.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (J.C., F.I., J.K.L., T.T., H.K., C.N.D., M.M., R.D., P.C.Y., T.J.B., P.G.Y., M.V.M.), Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery (J.C.S., D.R.M., J.E.C., A.B.G., R.C.R.), Department of Bioengineering (D.Y., P.G.Y., S.S.G.), Canary Center for Early Detection of Cancer (R.P., S.S.G.), and Department of Materials Science and Engineering (S.S.G.), Stanford University, Stanford, Calif; GE Global Research Center, General Electric, Niskayuna, NY (S.B.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea (B.C.A.); and Advanced Center for Treatment, Research, and Education ACTREC, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, India (P.R.).
authors.forename: Sanjiv S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Gambhir
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005462:Fluorine Radioisotopes; D017930:Genes, Reporter; D006147:Guanine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D006321:Heart / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D045164:Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation; D057054:Molecular Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D064847:Multimodal Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D000072078:Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: C113308:9-(4-fluoro-3-hydroxymethylbutyl)guanine; D005462:Fluorine Radioisotopes; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D006147:Guanine