title: Endoplasmic reticulum stress and calcium imbalance are involved in cadmium-induced lipid aberrancy in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
abstract: The endoplasmic reticulum is the key organelle which controls protein folding, lipid biogenesis, and calcium (Ca(2+)) homeostasis. Cd exposure in Saccharomyces cerevisiae activated the unfolded protein response and was confirmed by the increased Kar2p expression. Cd exposure in wild-type (WT) cells increased PC levels and the PC biosynthetic genes. Deletion of the two phospholipid methyltransferases CHO2 and OPI3 modulated PC, TAG levels and the lipid droplets with cadmium exposure. Interestingly, we noticed an increase in the calcium levels upon Cd exposure in the mutant cells. This study concluded that Cd interrupted calcium homeostasis-induced lipid dysregulation leading to ER stress.
authors.affiliation: Biomembrane Lab, Department of Biochemistry, Centre for Excellence in Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, 620024, India.
authors.forename: Selvaraj
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rajakumar
authors.affiliation: Biomembrane Lab, Department of Biochemistry, Centre for Excellence in Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, 620024, India.
authors.forename: Nagaraj
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Bhanupriya
authors.affiliation: Biomembrane Lab, Department of Biochemistry, Centre for Excellence in Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, 620024, India.
authors.forename: Chidambaram
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ravi
authors.affiliation: Biomembrane Lab, Department of Biochemistry, Centre for Excellence in Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, 620024, India. vasanthibch@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Vasanthi
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Nachiappan
mesh_terms: D002104:Cadmium / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism*; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000378:metabolism; D059865:Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress; D006706:Homeostasis; D066292:Lipid Droplets / Q000378:metabolism; D050356:Lipid Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects; D053858:Metabolic Networks and Pathways; D008745:Methylation; D010713:Phosphatidylcholines / Q000096:biosynthesis; D050918:Phosphatidylethanolamine N-Methyltransferase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000378:metabolism; D056811:Unfolded Protein Response
chemical_list: D010713:Phosphatidylcholines; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins; D014280:Triglycerides; D002104:Cadmium; C494486:CHO2 protein, S cerevisiae; D050918:Phosphatidylethanolamine N-Methyltransferase; D002118:Calcium
keywords: Cadmium; Calcium and ER stress; Lipid droplets; Phosphatidylcholine