title: The Relationship between Metabolic Syndrome and Osteoporosis: A Review.
abstract: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) and osteoporosis are two major healthcare problems worldwide. Metabolic syndrome is a constellation of medical conditions consisting of central obesity, hyperglycemia, hypertension, and dyslipidemia, in which each acts on bone tissue in different ways. The growing prevalence of MetS and osteoporosis in the population along with the controversial findings on the relationship between both conditions suggest the importance for further investigation and discussion on this topic. This review aims to assess the available evidence on the effects of each component of MetS on bone metabolism from the conventional to the contemporary. Previous studies suggested that the two conditions shared some common underlying pathways, which include regulation of calcium homeostasis, receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL)/receptor activator of the NF-κB (RANK)/osteoprotegerin (OPG) and Wnt-β-catenin signaling pathways. In conclusion, we suggest that MetS may have a potential role in developing osteoporosis and more studies are necessary to further prove this hypothesis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. jocylnwsk@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Sok Kuan
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. chinkokyong@ppukm.ukm.edu.my.
authors.forename: Kok-Yong
authors.initials: KY
authors.lastname: Chin
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. farihah@ppukm.ukm.edu.my.
authors.forename: Farihah Hj
authors.initials: FH
authors.lastname: Suhaimi
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. apai.kie@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Fairus
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ahmad
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. imasoel@ppukm.ukm.edu.my.
authors.forename: Soelaiman
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ima-Nirwana
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015519:Bone Density; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000378:metabolism; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000150:complications*; D010024:Osteoporosis / Q000209:etiology*
keywords: bone; dyslipidaemia; hyperglycaemia; hypertension; obesity; osteoporosis