title: (1)H-MRS metabolites in adults with Down syndrome: Effects of dementia.
abstract: To determine if proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((1)H-MRS) detect differences in dementia status in adults with Down syndrome (DS), we used (1)H-MRS to measure neuronal and glial metabolites in the posterior cingulate cortex in 22 adults with DS and in 15 age- and gender-matched healthy controls. We evaluated associations between (1)H-MRS results and cognition among DS participants. Neuronal biomarkers, including N-acetylaspartate (NAA) and glutamate-glutamine complex (Glx), were significantly lower in DS patients with Alzheimer's should probably be changed to Alzheimer (without ' or s) through ms as per the new naming standard disease (DSAD) when compared to non-demented DS (DS) and healthy controls (CTL). Neuronal biomarkers therefore appear to reflect dementia status in DS. In contrast, all DS participants had significantly higher myo-inositol (MI), a putative glial biomarker, compared to CTL. Our data indicate that there may be an overall higher glial inflammatory component in DS compared to CTL prior to and possibly independent of developing dementia. When computing the NAA to MI ratio, we found that presence or absence of dementia could be distinguished in DS. NAA, Glx, and NAA/MI in all DS participants were correlated with scores from the Brief Praxis Test and the Severe Impairment Battery. (1)H-MRS may be a useful diagnostic tool in future longitudinal studies to measure AD progression in persons with DS. In particular, NAA and the NAA/MI ratio is sensitive to the functional status of adults with DS, including prior to dementia.
authors.affiliation: Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
authors.forename: A-L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Spectroscopy Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA; Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Powell
authors.affiliation: Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Caban-Holt
authors.affiliation: Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Jicha
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Robertson
authors.affiliation: Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA; Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Spectroscopy Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA; Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
authors.forename: B T
authors.initials: BT
authors.lastname: Gold
authors.affiliation: Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Davis
authors.affiliation: Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Abner
authors.affiliation: Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA; Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Wilcock
authors.affiliation: Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
authors.forename: F A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Schmitt
authors.affiliation: Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Head
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001224:Aspartic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000378:metabolism; D003704:Dementia / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000523:psychology; D004314:Down Syndrome / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D018698:Glutamic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D005973:Glutamine / Q000378:metabolism; D006179:Gyrus Cinguli / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D007294:Inositol / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D066244:Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D005973:Glutamine; D001224:Aspartic Acid; D018698:Glutamic Acid; D007294:Inositol; C000179:N-acetylaspartate
keywords: Brief praxis test; Inflammation; Myoinositol; Severe impairment battery; Trisomy 21