title: Investigating the psychometric properties of the Jefferson Scale of Physician Empathy in a sample of Malaysian medical students.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this present study was to investigate the psychometric properties of the Jefferson Scale of Physician Empathy - student version (JSPE-S).
  
  
  METHODS
  This study recruited 193 Malaysian medical students enrolled in year one and year two studies. A principal-component analysis with Varimax rotation was conducted. Procrustes rotation was used to confirm the item to model fit, which allows for a comparison of actual structure against an ideal hypothesized structure. Items were systematically removed based on low communalities of < 0.3 and poor loading of items onto components.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A two-component solution was found, comprised of "perspective taking" and "compassionate care". Following item removal, eleven items remained. A Procrustes analysis revealed that this eleven-item measure demonstrated an excellent model fit. A possible third component was identified, though is not recommended for use, due to construct underrepresentation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study found the Jefferson Scale of Physician Empathy fitted best to a two-component model using eleven items. Item, component, and overall congruence were very high, and scale reliabilities were adequate. The results of this study suggest that the eleven-item, two-component solution demonstrates excellent psychometric properties and structural validity in a Malaysian medical student population. Future research could consider using the short eleven-item measure in both student and health care profession samples to investigate the role of empathy in health care.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Education, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
authors.forename: Marija
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Spasenoska
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Education, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
authors.forename: Shane
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Costello
authors.affiliation: Department of Community Emergency Health and Paramedic Practice, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
authors.forename: Brett
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Williams
keywords: empathy; medical students; psychometrics