title: Glycodendrimer PPI as a Potential Drug in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia. The Influence of Glycodendrimer on Apoptosis in In Vitro B-CLL Cells Defined by Microarrays.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) cells are characterized by failures in the apoptosis pathway and increased proliferation, resulting in the progressive accumulation of B-lymphocytes in blood. Despite the wide range of antileukaemic drugs, CLL remains an incurable disease. However, a breakthrough is expected which will allow more effective treatment.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The study investigates the influence of poly(propyleneimine) (PPI) dendrimer with peripheral amino groups, 30% of which were coated with maltotriose (PPI-G4-OS-Mal-III), on CLL cells, and demonstrates that it acts through the induction of the apoptotic mechanism. It is important to note that the dendrimer was used as a drug itself and not as a drug carrier.
  
  
  METHODS
  CLL and normal lymphocytes were treated in vitro with the dendrimer, either alone or in combination with fludarabine (FA). The percentages of apoptotic and necrotic cells, and the protein expression, were checked using a flow cytometer. Gene expression was screened using a two-colour microarray with 60-mer probes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results confirm that PPI-G4-OS-Mal-III influences the viability of CLL cells in vitro and does not exert any significant harmful effect on normal lymphocytes. The dendrimer appears to significantly influence gene and protein expression in CLL cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Since dendrimers can be specifically targeted, they may be very effective in CLL therapy, especially since in vitro PPI-G4-OS-Mal-III has been found to have stronger effect than fludarabine.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Laboratory Genetics, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.
authors.forename: Ida
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Franiak-Pietryga
authors.forename: Ewelina
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ziółkowska
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ziemba
authors.forename: Dietmar
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Appelhans
authors.forename: Henryk
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Maciejewski
authors.forename: Brigitte
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Voit
authors.forename: Aleksandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kaczmarek
authors.forename: Tadeusz
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Robak
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Klajnert-Maculewicz
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Cebula-Obrzut
authors.forename: Piotr
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Smolewski
authors.forename: Maciej
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Borowiec
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bryszewska
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000963:Antimetabolites / Q000494:pharmacology; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D050091:Dendrimers / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D015973:Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D015451:Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011126:Polypropylenes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014312:Trisaccharides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014740:Vidarabine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000963:Antimetabolites; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D050091:Dendrimers; D011126:Polypropylenes; D014312:Trisaccharides; C443641:poly(propyleneimine); C008317:maltotriose; D014740:Vidarabine; C024352:fludarabine