title: HIV Genome-Wide Protein Associations: a Review of 30 Years of Research.
abstract: The HIV genome encodes a small number of viral proteins (i.e., 16), invariably establishing cooperative associations among HIV proteins and between HIV and host proteins, to invade host cells and hijack their internal machineries. As a known example, the HIV envelope glycoprotein GP120 is closely associated with GP41 for viral entry. From a genome-wide perspective, a hypothesis can be worked out to determine whether 16 HIV proteins could develop 120 possible pairwise associations either by physical interactions or by functional associations mediated via HIV or host molecules. Here, we present the first systematic review of experimental evidence on HIV genome-wide protein associations using a large body of publications accumulated over the past 3 decades. Of 120 possible pairwise associations between 16 HIV proteins, at least 34 physical interactions and 17 functional associations have been identified. To achieve efficient viral replication and infection, HIV protein associations play essential roles (e.g., cleavage, inhibition, and activation) during the HIV life cycle. In either a dispensable or an indispensable manner, each HIV protein collaborates with another viral protein to accomplish specific activities that precisely take place at the proper stages of the HIV life cycle. In addition, HIV genome-wide protein associations have an impact on anti-HIV inhibitors due to the extensive cross talk between drug-inhibited proteins and other HIV proteins. Overall, this study presents for the first time a comprehensive overview of HIV genome-wide protein associations, highlighting meticulous collaborations between all viral proteins during the HIV life cycle.
authors.affiliation: Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Leuven, Belgium liguangdi.research@gmail.com erik.declercq@kuleuven.be.
authors.forename: Guangdi
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Leuven, Belgium liguangdi.research@gmail.com erik.declercq@kuleuven.be.
authors.forename: Erik
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: De Clercq
mesh_terms: D024882:Drug Resistance, Viral; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D016679:Genome, Viral / Q000235:genetics*; D015699:HIV Envelope Protein gp120 / Q000378:metabolism; D015700:HIV Envelope Protein gp41 / Q000378:metabolism; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000635:transmission* / Q000821:virology; D019427:HIV Integrase; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000201:enzymology / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000472:pathogenicity; D006801:Humans; D053586:Virus Internalization; D014779:Virus Replication
chemical_list: D015699:HIV Envelope Protein gp120; D015700:HIV Envelope Protein gp41; D019427:HIV Integrase