title: Bio-based Interpenetrating Network Polymer Composites from Locust Sawdust as Coating Material for Environmentally Friendly Controlled-Release Urea Fertilizers.
abstract: A novel polymer-coated nitrogen (N) fertilizer was developed using bio-based polyurethane (PU) derived from liquefied locust sawdust as the coating material. The bio-based PU was successfully coated on the surface of the urea fertilizer prills to form polymer-coated urea (PCU) fertilizer for controlled N release. Epoxy resin (EP) was also used to further modify the bio-based PU to synthesize the interpenetrating network (IPN), enhancing the slow-release properties of the PCU. The N release characteristics of the EP-modified PCU (EMPCU) in water were determine at 25 °C and compared to that of PCU and EP-coated urea (ECU). The results showed that the EP modification reduced the N release rate and increased the longevity of the fertilizer coated with bio-based PU. A corn growth study was conducted to further evaluate the filed application of the EMPCU. In comparison to commercial PCU and conventional urea fertilizer, EMPCU was more effective and increased the yield and total dry matter accumulation of the corn. Findings from this work indicated that bio-based PU derived from sawdust can be used as coating materials for PCU, particularly after EP modification. The resulting EMPCU was more environmentally friendly and cost-effective than conventional urea fertilizers coated by EP.
authors.affiliation: National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, National Engineering & Technology Research Center for Slow and Controlled Release Fertilizers, College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University , Tai'an, Shandong 271018, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Shugang
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, National Engineering & Technology Research Center for Slow and Controlled Release Fertilizers, College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University , Tai'an, Shandong 271018, People's Republic of China.|Department of Soil and Water Science, Tropical Research and Education Center, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences (IFAS), University of Florida , Homestead, Florida 33031, United States.
authors.forename: Yuechao
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences (IFAS), University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States.
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, National Engineering & Technology Research Center for Slow and Controlled Release Fertilizers, College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University , Tai'an, Shandong 271018, People's Republic of China.|Department of Soil and Water Science, Tropical Research and Education Center, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences (IFAS), University of Florida , Homestead, Florida 33031, United States.
authors.forename: Yongshan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wan
authors.affiliation: Department of Soil and Water Science, Tropical Research and Education Center, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences (IFAS), University of Florida , Homestead, Florida 33031, United States.
authors.forename: Yuncong C
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, National Engineering & Technology Research Center for Slow and Controlled Release Fertilizers, College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University , Tai'an, Shandong 271018, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Chenhao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhao
mesh_terms: D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations / Q000737:chemistry*; D005308:Fertilizers / Q000032:analysis*; D055772:Green Chemistry Technology / Q000379:methods*; D066192:Manufacturing Industry / Q000379:methods; D011140:Polyurethanes / Q000737:chemistry*; D014508:Urea / Q000737:chemistry*; D014866:Waste Products / Q000032:analysis*; D014934:Wood / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D005308:Fertilizers; D011140:Polyurethanes; D014866:Waste Products; D014508:Urea
keywords: bio-based coating; modified polymer-coated urea; nitrogen release rate