title: Oxidation of manganese(II) with ferrate: Stoichiometry, kinetics, products and impact of organic carbon.
abstract: Manganese is a contaminant of concern for many drinking water utilities, and future regulation may be pending. An analysis of soluble manganese (Mn(II)) oxidation by ferrate (Fe(VI)) was executed at the bench-scale, in a laboratory matrix, both with and without the presence of natural organic matter (NOM) and at two different pH values, 6.2 and 7.5. In the matrix without NOM, the oxidation of Mn(II) by Fe(VI) followed a stoichiometry of 2 mol Fe(VI) to 3 mol Mn(II). The presence of NOM did not significantly affect the stoichiometry of the oxidation reaction, indicating relative selectivity of Fe(VI) for Mn(II). The size distribution of resulting particles included significant amounts of nanoparticles. Resulting manganese oxide particles were confirmed to be MnO2 via X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The rate of the Mn(II) oxidation reaction was fast relative to typical time scales in drinking water treatment, with an estimated second order rate constant of approximately 1 × 10(4) M(-1) s(-1) at pH 9.2 and > 9 × 10(4) M(-1) s(-1) at pH 6.2. In general, ferrate is a potential option for Mn(II) oxidation in water treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, United States; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA 01609, United States. Electronic address: jgoodwil@umass.edu.
authors.forename: Joseph E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Goodwill
authors.affiliation: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, United States.
authors.forename: Xuyen
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Mai
authors.affiliation: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, United States.
authors.forename: Yanjun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, United States.
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Reckhow
authors.affiliation: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, United States.
authors.forename: John E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Tobiason
mesh_terms: D002244:Carbon; D060766:Drinking Water / Q000737:chemistry; D007501:Iron / Q000737:chemistry; D007700:Kinetics; D008345:Manganese / Q000737:chemistry*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000737:chemistry; D018508:Water Purification / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D060766:Drinking Water; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C017311:ferrate ion; D008345:Manganese; D002244:Carbon; D007501:Iron
keywords: Advanced oxidation; Ferrate; Kinetics; Manganese; Nanoparticles; Stoichiometry