title: Ethics Oversight Mechanisms for Surgical Innovation: A Systematic and Comparative Review of Arguments.
abstract: Surgical innovation typically falls under the purview of neither conventional clinical ethics nor research ethics. Due to a lack of oversight for surgical innovation-combined with a potential for significant risk-a wide range of arguments has been advanced in the literature to support or undermine various oversight mechanisms. To scrutinize the argumentation surrounding oversight options, we conducted a systematic review of published arguments. We found that the arguments are typically grounded in common sense and speculation instead of evidence. Presently, the justification or superiority for any single oversight mechanism for surgical innovation cannot be established convincingly. We suggest ways to improve the argument-based literature and discuss the value of systematic reviews of arguments and reasons.
authors.affiliation: Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal, Québec, Canada Université de Montréal, Québec, Canada.
authors.forename: Lila
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Karpowicz
authors.affiliation: Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal, Québec, Canada McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
authors.forename: Emily
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bell
authors.affiliation: Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal, Québec, Canada Université de Montréal, Québec, Canada McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada eric.racine@ircm.qc.ca.
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Racine
mesh_terms: D026688:Bioethical Issues; D034462:Dissent and Disputes; D026689:Ethical Analysis; D032984:Ethics, Research; D013502:General Surgery / Q000941:ethics*; D006801:Humans
keywords: bioethics; oversight; surgical innovation; systematic review of arguments; systematic review of reasons