title: Six-year clinical performance of etch-and-rinse and self-etch adhesives.
abstract: To evaluate the 6-year clinical performance of Xeno IV, Xeno III, and XP Bond adhesives in the restoration of non-carious cervical lesions (NCCLs).
  
  
  
  This was a randomized controlled clinical trial where 39 participants met the inclusion/exclusion criteria and were enrolled. Lesions restored were notch-shaped NCCLs. Prior to adhesive procedures, NCCLs were roughened. No enamel bevel was placed and no mechanical retention was created. Adhesive systems were applied following manufacturer's instructions and the NCCLs were restored with composite resin (TPH(3)). Restorations were finished immediately after placement and scored with regard to retention, marginal discoloration, marginal adaptation, sensitivity, and secondary caries using modified USPHS criteria. Descriptive statistics were performed. Logistic regression models were performed for each outcome separately with compound symmetry correlation structure where teeth were clustered by participants. All analyses were conducted using SAS 9.2.
  
  
  
  The 6-year recall rate was 77.5% of the restorations (76.9% of the participants). No statistical differences were found between adhesives for retention, marginal discoloration, and marginal adaptation. Restorations failed by loss of retention (16.7%, 27.6%, and 11.8% of Xeno IV, Xeno III, and XP Bond restorations, respectively) and marginal discoloration (7.4% of Xeno IV restorations). For every unit increase in restoration volume it was 1.31 (95%C.I. 1.05, 1.63, P=0.01) times more likely that the restoration retention would be maintained.
  
  
  
  The tested adhesive systems presented similar clinical performance after six years of service, with annual failure rates of 2.8%, 4.6%, and 2.0% for Xeno IV, Xeno III, and XP Bond, respectively.
authors.affiliation: Department of Operative Dentistry, University of North Carolina School of Dentistry, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
authors.forename: Lee W
authors.initials: LW
authors.lastname: Boushell
authors.affiliation: Department of Operative Dentistry, University of North Carolina School of Dentistry, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
authors.forename: Harald O
authors.initials: HO
authors.lastname: Heymann
authors.affiliation: Department of Operative Dentistry, University of North Carolina School of Dentistry, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
authors.forename: Andre V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Ritter
authors.affiliation: Department of Operative Dentistry, University of North Carolina School of Dentistry, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
authors.forename: John R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Sturdevant
authors.affiliation: Department of Operative Dentistry, University of North Carolina School of Dentistry, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
authors.forename: Edward J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Swift
authors.affiliation: Department of Operative Dentistry, University of North Carolina School of Dentistry, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
authors.forename: Aldridge D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Wilder
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
authors.forename: Yunro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.affiliation: Department of Operative Dentistry, University of North Carolina School of Dentistry, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
authors.forename: Cynthia A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Lambert
authors.affiliation: Department of Operative Dentistry, University of North Carolina School of Dentistry, Chapel Hill, NC, USA. Electronic address: walterr@unc.edu.
authors.forename: Ricardo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Walter
mesh_terms: D000269:Adhesives; D000328:Adult; D003188:Composite Resins; D001840:Dental Bonding; D003738:Dental Cements; D003743:Dental Enamel; D045662:Dental Etching; D018772:Dental Marginal Adaptation; D003793:Dental Restoration, Permanent; D017220:Dentin-Bonding Agents; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D019279:Resin Cements; D019237:Tooth Cervix
chemical_list: D000269:Adhesives; D003188:Composite Resins; D003738:Dental Cements; D017220:Dentin-Bonding Agents; D019279:Resin Cements
keywords: Bonding; Clinical trial; Non-carious cervical lesion