title: Experimental support for the effects of a probiotic/digestive enzyme supplement on serum cholesterol concentrations and the intestinal microbiome.
abstract: Elevated levels of blood cholesterol are associated with cardiovascular disease, a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Current therapies for addressing elevated blood cholesterol can be inadequate, ineffective or associated with side effects; therefore, the search for additional therapies is ongoing. This study evaluated Daily Body Restore (DBR), a proprietary blend of 9 probiotic organisms of the genera Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium, and 10 digestive enzymes, for its effects on cholesterol metabolism using an in vitro system and a mouse model.
  
  
  
  We used a murine model of hypercholesterolemia induced by a high fat diet to evaluate the effects of DBR on blood cholesterol concentrations. Hypercholesterolemic mice were supplemented with DBR in their drinking water for 8 weeks and compared to control mice given low fat diets or unsupplemented high fat diets. To evaluate the effects of DBR on the activity of gut microbiota in vitro, the Shime(®) system consisting of sequential colon reactors was supplemented with DBR for analysis of short chain fatty acid production.
  
  
  
  Analysis of hypercholesterolemic mice after 4 and 8 weeks of DBR supplementation revealed significant decreases in blood concentrations of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and increases in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) while triglyceride concentrations were unaltered. Specifically, after 4 weeks of DBR supplementation, there was a 47 % decrease in LDL and a 32 % increase in HDL in peripheral blood compared to unsupplemented, high fat diet-fed mice. After 8 weeks of DBR treatment, LDL concentrations were dramatically reduced by 78 % and HDL was increased by 52 % relative to control mice. Addition of DBR to the Shime(®) system led to significantly increased production of propionate in colon reactors, indicative of microbial production of short chain fatty acids known to inhibit cholesterol synthesis.
  
  
  
  DBR, a probiotic and digestive enzyme supplement, lowered harmful LDL and increased HDL levels in a mouse model and also exerted in vitro effects consistent with cholesterol-lowering activity. Given the magnitude of the effects of DBR, these findings are promising for clinical implementation of DBR for treating hypercholesterolemia.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Molecular Medicine, Huntington Beach, CA, USA. thomas.ichim@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Thomas E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Ichim
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
authors.forename: Amit N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.affiliation: Daily Body Restore, LLC, Milford, MI, USA.
authors.forename: Kim A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Shafer
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood*; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D057487:Enzyme Therapy; D004798:Enzymes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000069196:Gastrointestinal Microbiome / Q000187:drug effects*; D006937:Hypercholesterolemia / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy; D008075:Lipoproteins, HDL / Q000097:blood; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL / Q000097:blood; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D019936:Probiotics / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D004798:Enzymes; D008075:Lipoproteins, HDL; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL; D002784:Cholesterol
keywords: Cholesterol; Digestive enzyme; Low-density lipoprotein; Probiotic