title: Effect of Lipopolysaccharide Derived from Pantoea agglomerans on the Phagocytic Activity of Amyloid β by Primary Murine Microglial Cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Monophosphoryl lipid A, lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-derived Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 agonist, has been shown to be effective in the prevention of Alzheimer's disease (AD) by enhancing phagocytosis of amyloid β (Aβ) by brain microglia. Our recent study demonstrated that oral administration of LPS derived from Pantoea agglomerans (LPSp) activates peritoneal macrophages and enhances the phagocytic activity via TLR4 signaling pathway; however, the effect of LPSp on Aβ phagocytosis in microglia is still unknown.
  
  
  METHODS
  Primary microglial cells were isolated from adult mouse brain by enzymatic digestion, following myelin removal and magnetic separation of cluster of differentiation (CD) 11b. Phagocytic analysis of the primary microglia was measured by using HiLyte™ Fluor 488-conjugated Aβ1-42 RESULTS: Using our protocols, the average yield of isolated CD11b(+) cells was around 2.2×10(5) cells per brain. CD11b(+)CD45(+)CD39(+) cells were defined here as microglia. The phagocytic activity of Aβ1-42 by the isolated microglia was confirmed. LPSp (10 ng/ml) pre-treatment for 18 h significantly increased Aβ phagocytic activity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The enhancement of Aβ1-42 phagocytosis by LPSp treatment in the primary mouse microglia was demonstrated for the first time.
authors.affiliation: Department of Integrated and Holistic Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Miki-cho, Kagawa, Japan ykobayashi@med.kagawa-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Yutaro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.affiliation: Department of Integrated and Holistic Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Miki-cho, Kagawa, Japan Control of Innate Immunity, Technology Research Association, Kagawa, Japan Research Institute for Healthy Living, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Niigata, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Inagawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Integrated and Holistic Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Miki-cho, Kagawa, Japan Macrophi Inc., Kagawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Chie
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kohchi
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Katsuichiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Okazaki
authors.affiliation: Control of Innate Immunity, Technology Research Association, Kagawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Ran
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Integrated and Holistic Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Miki-cho, Kagawa, Japan Control of Innate Immunity, Technology Research Association, Kagawa, Japan Research Institute for Healthy Living, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Niigata, Japan.
authors.forename: Gen-Ichiro
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Soma
mesh_terms: D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology; D002470:Cell Survival; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D017628:Microglia / Q000276:immunology*; D009929:Organ Size; D020636:Pantoea / Q000737:chemistry; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000378:metabolism*; D010587:Phagocytosis / Q000276:immunology*; D061251:Primary Cell Culture
chemical_list: D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D010446:Peptide Fragments; C075222:amyloid beta-protein (1-42); C524847:lipopolysaccharide IP-PA1, Pantoea agglomerans
keywords: Microglia; Pantoea agglomerans; amyloid β; lipopolysaccharide; macrophage; phagocytosis