title: Dietary supplementation with omega-3 fatty acids and oleate enhances exercise training effects in patients with metabolic syndrome.
abstract: We studied the effects of exercise training alone or combined with dietary supplementation of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (Ω-3PUFA) and oleate on metabolic syndrome (MSyn) components and other markers of cardiometabolic health.
  
  
  
  Thirty-six patients with MSyn underwent 24 weeks of high-intensity interval training. In a double-blind randomized design, half of the group ingested 500 mL/day of semi-skim milk (8 g of fat; placebo milk) whereas the other half ingested 500 mL/day of skim milk enriched with 275 mg of Ω-3PUFA and 7.5 g of oleate (Ω-3 + OLE).
  
  
  
  Ω-3 + OLE treatment elevated 30% plasma Ω-3PUFA but not significantly (P = 0.286). Improvements in VO2peak (12.8%), mean blood pressure (-7.1%), waist circumference (-1.8%), body fat mass (-2.9%), and trunk fat mass (-3.3%) were similar between groups. However, insulin sensitivity (measured by intravenous glucose tolerance test), serum concentration of C-reactive protein, and high-density lipoprotein improved only in the Ω-3 + OLE group by 31.5%, 32.1%, and 10.3%, respectively (all P < 0.05). Fasting serum triacylglycerol, glucose, and plasma fibrinogen concentrations did not improve in either group after 24 weeks of intervention.
  
  
  
  Diet supplementation with Ω-3PUFA and oleate enhanced cardiometabolic benefits of intense aerobic exercise training in patients with MSyn.
authors.affiliation: Exercise Physiology Lab, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain.
authors.forename: Juan F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Ortega
authors.affiliation: Exercise Physiology Lab, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain.
authors.forename: Felix
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Morales-Palomo
authors.affiliation: Exercise Physiology Lab, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain.
authors.forename: Valentin
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Fernandez-Elias
authors.affiliation: Exercise Physiology Lab, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain.
authors.forename: Nassim
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hamouti
authors.affiliation: Environmental Sciences and Biochemistry, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain.
authors.forename: Francisco J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Bernardo
authors.affiliation: Environmental Sciences and Biochemistry, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain.
authors.forename: Rosa C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Martin-Doimeadios
authors.affiliation: College Health Professions, Health Sciences Department, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, Michigan, USA.
authors.forename: Rachael K
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-3559-1766
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Nelson
authors.affiliation: School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
authors.forename: Jeffrey F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Horowitz
authors.affiliation: Exercise Physiology Lab, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain.
authors.forename: Ricardo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mora-Rodriguez
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D015444:Exercise; D005215:Fasting; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3 / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008075:Lipoproteins, HDL / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D008875:Middle Aged; D019301:Oleic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood; D055105:Waist Circumference
chemical_list: D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3; D008075:Lipoproteins, HDL; D014280:Triglycerides; D019301:Oleic Acid; D002097:C-Reactive Protein