title: [Olfactory dysfunction : Update on diagnosis and treatment].
abstract: Olfactory dysfunction is a common disorder, particularly in elderly people. From the etiologic point of view, we distinguish between sinunasal and non-sinunasal causes of dysosmia. As an important early symptom of neurodegenerative disease, dysosmia is particularly relevant in the diagnosis of Parkinson's or Alzheimer's disease. In addition to complete ENT examination and olfactory testing, e.g., with "Sniffin' Sticks", modern imaging procedures, e. g. MRI, are becoming more and more important for diagnostics, prognosis, and treatment decisions. Olfactory testing in children needs to be adapted to their shorter concentration span and limited range of known olfactory stimuli. Depending on the etiology, olfactory training, antiphlogistic measures, and surgical procedures are most promising. In cases of intracranial causes of dysosmia, neurosurgeons should know and respect anatomic structures of the olfactory signal pathway, not least for long-term prognosis.
authors.affiliation: Interdisziplinäres Zentrum Riechen & Schmecken, Klinik und Poliklinik für HNO-Heilkunde, Universitätsklinikum Dresden, TU Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307, Dresden, Deutschland.|PVA - Ärztlicher Dienst, Sächsisches Innenministerium, Dresden, Deutschland.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kühn
authors.affiliation: Radiologische Klinik, Städtisches Klinikum Friedrichstadt-Dresden, Dresden, Deutschland.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Abolmaali
authors.affiliation: Klinik und Poliklinik für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Dresden, Dresden, Deutschland.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Smitka
authors.affiliation: Klinik und Poliklinik für Neurochirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Dresden, Dresden, Deutschland.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Podlesek
authors.affiliation: Interdisziplinäres Zentrum Riechen & Schmecken, Klinik und Poliklinik für HNO-Heilkunde, Universitätsklinikum Dresden, TU Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307, Dresden, Deutschland. thummel@mail.zih.tu-dresden.de.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hummel
mesh_terms: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy / Q000379:methods; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D000857:Olfaction Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents
keywords: Diagnostic imaging; Neurological diagnostic techniques; Olfactory nerve diseases; Olfactory pathways; Olfactory perception