title: Plasma CXCL10, sCD163 and sCD14 Levels Have Distinct Associations with Antiretroviral Treatment and Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors.
abstract: We investigate the associations of three established plasma biomarkers in the context of HIV and treatment-related variables including a comprehensive cardiovascular disease risk assessment, within a large ambulatory HIV cohort. Patients were recruited in 2010 to form the Royal Perth Hospital HIV/CVD risk cohort. Plasma sCD14, sCD163 and CXCL10 levels were measured in 475 consecutive patients with documented CVD risk (age, ethnicity, gender, smoking, blood pressure, BMI, fasting metabolic profile) and HIV treatment history including immunological/virological outcomes. The biomarkers assessed showed distinct associations with virological response: CXCL10 strongly correlated with HIV-1 RNA (p<0.001), sCD163 was significantly reduced among 'aviraemic' patients only (p = 0.02), while sCD14 was unaffected by virological status under 10,000 copies/mL (p>0.2). Associations between higher sCD163 and protease inhibitor therapy (p = 0.05) and lower sCD14 with integrase inhibitor therapy (p = 0.02) were observed. Levels of sCD163 were also associated with CVD risk factors (age, ethnicity, HDL, BMI), with a favourable influence of Framingham score <10% (p = 0.04). Soluble CD14 levels were higher among smokers (p = 0.002), with no effect of other CVD risk factors, except age (p = 0.045). Our findings confirm CXCL10, sCD163 and sCD14 have distinct associations with different aspects of HIV infection and treatment. Levels of CXCL10 correlated with routinely monitored variables, sCD163 levels reflect a deeper level of virological suppression and influence of CVD risk factors, while sCD14 levels were not associated with routinely monitored variables, with evidence of specific effects of smoking and integrase inhibitor therapy warranting further investigation.
authors.affiliation: PathWest Laboratory Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology: Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.|School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
authors.forename: Alison
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Castley
authors.affiliation: PathWest Laboratory Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology: Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
authors.forename: Leah
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.affiliation: Institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases (IIID), Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
authors.forename: Ian
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: James
authors.affiliation: PathWest Laboratory Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology: Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Guelfi
authors.affiliation: School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
authors.forename: Cassandra
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Berry
authors.affiliation: PathWest Laboratory Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology: Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.|Institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases (IIID), Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Nolan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D044966:Anti-Retroviral Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000097:blood*; D015214:Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic / Q000097:blood*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications; D054357:Chemokine CXCL10 / Q000097:blood*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy; D015497:HIV-1; D006801:Humans; D018950:Lipopolysaccharide Receptors / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000097:blood*; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking; D055815:Young Adult; D000098902:CD163 Antigen
chemical_list: D044966:Anti-Retroviral Agents; D015703:Antigens, CD; D015214:Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic; D015415:Biomarkers; D000098902:CD163 Antigen; C114753:CXCL10 protein, human; D054357:Chemokine CXCL10; D018950:Lipopolysaccharide Receptors; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface