title: Laryngeal inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT): a case report and review of the literature.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This case report is interesting as cases of children with laryngeal inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor are not common and previously had been presented as isolated case reports. This is the first case report in Asia describing a laryngeal inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor and its removal using an endoscopic approach.
  
  
  METHODS
  Our patient is a 12-year-old Malay girl from Singapore who presented with hoarseness without respiratory distress. The initial impression was that of a granuloma or a papilloma. We did a biopsy, which confirmed the histology to be inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor, and a magnetic resonance imaging scan showed a contrast-enhanced lesion. The lesion was excised completely using an endoscopic approach. The child was discharged well on the first postoperative day and she has been on follow-up for a year in the clinic.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This report highlights the importance of understanding the differential diagnosis for a child with hoarseness. It is not uncommon for a pediatrician, a general practitioner, and a pediatric otolaryngologist to see a child presenting with hoarseness. In most cases, the diagnosis made would be screamer's nodules, which is commonly seen in children. In a small group, recurrent respiratory papillomatosis form the diagnosis. Over the past few years, the cases of recurrent respiratory papillomatosis have decreased significantly. Laryngeal tumors are not common in children. However, we must maintain a high index of suspicion when we have a child with hoarseness who does not improve with speech therapy and watchful waiting. In such situations, a stroboscope is usually necessary to diagnose the voice problems and to rule out pathological conditions such as laryngeal tumors. If left untreated, the lesion can grow with time and result in a life-threatening airway condition. We also demonstrate our endoscopic technique in this report, and it has proven to be safe with no increased recurrence and much lower morbidity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, National University Health System, 5 Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119074, Singapore. sok_yan_tay@nuhs.edu.sg.
authors.forename: Sok Yan
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Tay
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, 100 Bukit Timah Road, Singapore, 229899, Singapore.
authors.forename: Abhilash
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Balakrishnan
mesh_terms: D001706:Biopsy; D001999:Bronchoscopy; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006104:Granuloma, Plasma Cell / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D006685:Hoarseness / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007818:Laryngeal Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D007828:Laryngoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D007830:Larynx / Q000473:pathology*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D058628:Myofibroblasts / Q000473:pathology*; D009379:Neoplasms, Muscle Tissue / Q000473:pathology*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: Benign; Endoscopic; Hoarseness; Laryngeal tumor; Recurrence