title: Anticlockwise or clockwise? A dynamic Perception-Action-Laterality model for directionality bias in visuospatial functioning.
abstract: Orientation bias and directionality bias are two fundamental functional characteristics of the visual system. Reviewing the relevant literature in visual psychophysics and visual neuroscience we propose here a three-stage model of directionality bias in visuospatial functioning. We call this model the 'Perception-Action-Laterality' (PAL) hypothesis. We analyzed the research findings for a wide range of visuospatial tasks, showing that there are two major directionality trends in perceptual preference: clockwise versus anticlockwise. It appears these preferences are combinatorial, such that a majority of people fall in the first category demonstrating a preference for stimuli/objects arranged from left-to-right rather than from right-to-left, while people in the second category show an opposite trend. These perceptual biases can guide sensorimotor integration and action, creating two corresponding turner groups in the population. In support of PAL, we propose another model explaining the origins of the biases - how the neurogenetic factors and the cultural factors interact in a biased competition framework to determine the direction and extent of biases. This dynamic model can explain not only the two major categories of biases in terms of direction and strength, but also the unbiased, unreliably biased or mildly biased cases in visuosptial functioning.
authors.affiliation: Envision Research Institute, 610 N. Main St, Wichita, KS 67203, USA; The Smith-Kettlewell Eye Research Institute, 2318 Fillmore St, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA; Department of Psychology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh. Electronic address: karim.akmr.monscho06@gmail.com.
authors.forename: A K M Rezaul
authors.initials: AKMR
authors.lastname: Karim
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK. Electronic address: mproulxbath@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Proulx
authors.affiliation: The Smith-Kettlewell Eye Research Institute, 2318 Fillmore St, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA. Electronic address: lora.t.likova@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Lora T
authors.initials: LT
authors.lastname: Likova
mesh_terms: D001288:Attention; D007839:Functional Laterality; D006801:Humans; D009949:Orientation; D013028:Space Perception; D014796:Visual Perception
keywords: Aesthetics; Anticlockwise; Bisection; Cerebral lateralization; Clockwise; Directionality bias; Dopamine; Dynamic model; Genes; Heritability; Mental number line; Neurogenetic; Orientation; Plasticity; Pseudoneglect; Rotation; Sensorimotor; Space mapping; Turning; Visuospatial perception