title: Human papilloma virus infection in HIV-infected women in Belgium: implications for prophylactic vaccines within this subpopulation.
abstract: Although high-risk (HR) human papilloma virus (HPV) infection is the primary causative factor for cervical squamous intraepithelial lesions and invasive cervical cancer, the epidemiology of potentially HR (pHR) and low-risk HPV still remains to be elucidated in HIV-infected women. In addition, the synergistic potential of the multiplicity of HPV infections harboured renders it difficult to model the impact of vaccines. This cross-sectional analysis of HIV-infected women explores the epidemiology of abnormal cytology, thereby profiling and pairing pHR/HR HPV genotypes. This cross-sectional analysis reports the findings of 593 HIV-infected women, who underwent a cytological examination and HPV genotyping. A logistic regression model was fitted to adjust for age and coinfection with pHR/HR HPV genotypes. In the 143 women with abnormal cytology, a multiple pHR/HR HPV genotype prevalence of 64.1% [95% confidence interval (CI): 44.6-57.6%] was observed. A combined prevalence of HPV 16 and HPV 18 of 29.6% (95% CI: 22.2-37.8%) was found. HPV 6 and HPV 66 were found in two cases of low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions as stand-alone genotypes and HPV 53 in a high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion case. Pairing involving HPV 31 with HPV 16 and HPV 58 was found in high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion cases. Significant associations were observed between abnormal cytology, multiple HPV, HPV 39 and HPV 53 [adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 2.02; P=0.01; 95% CI: 1.2-3.5; aOR: 3.8; P=0.01; 95% CI: 1.4-10.7; and aOR: 0.5; P=0.03; 95% CI: 0.2-0.9, respectively]. Coinfection with pHR/HR HPV genotypes HPV 39 and 53 was significantly associated with abnormal cytology. Research into the imputed role of HPV 31 in pairings, low-risk and pHR HPV genotypes in HIV-infected women is warranted.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, International Centre for Reproductive Health, Ghent University, Ghent.
authors.forename: Sonia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Menon
authors.affiliation: AMBIOR (Applied Molecular Biology Research Group).
authors.forename: Rodolfo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rossi
authors.affiliation: AMBIOR (Applied Molecular Biology Research Group).
authors.forename: Ina
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Benoy
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, International Centre for Reproductive Health, Ghent University, Ghent.|National Reference Centre for HPV, Brussels, Belgium.
authors.forename: Jean P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Bogers
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, International Centre for Reproductive Health, Ghent University, Ghent.|National Reference Centre for HPV, Brussels, Belgium.
authors.forename: Davy
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: van den Broeck
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001530:Belgium / Q000453:epidemiology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology; D006801:Humans; D007165:Immunosuppression Therapy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D065006:Papanicolaou Test; D027383:Papillomaviridae / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000821:virology; D053918:Papillomavirus Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage; D065310:Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions of the Cervix / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000821:virology; D014626:Vaginal Smears
chemical_list: D053918:Papillomavirus Vaccines