title: [The clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes of 386 patients with hypopharyngeal cancer].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the clinical characteristics, surgical treatment outcomes and prognostic factors of hypopharyngeal carcinoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective review of the Eye & ENT Hospital of Fudan University patients' database between January 2003 and June 2013 was conducted and a total of 386 patients were enrolled in the study. Patients' clinical and oncological information was collected and survival rates were analyzed using Kaplan-Meier curves. Prognostic factors were evaluated with multivariate Cox model survival analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among the 386 patients 95.9% were males and 4.1% were females, with an average age of (58.4±9.4) years. The primary tumor sites were pyriform sinus (76.7%), posterior hypopharyngeal wall (17.3%) and postcricoid region (6.0%). There were 31(8.0%), 83(21.5%), 175(45.3%) and 97(25.1%) patients with stage T1 to T4, respectively, 99(25.6%), 74(19.2%), 181(46.9%) and 32(8.3%) patients with stage N0 to N3, respectively , and 3 patients with distant metastasis to lung on initial diagnosis. Second primary cancers were found in 28 cases (7.3%). The 5-year overall survival (OS), disease specific survival (DSS) and disease free survival (DFS) were 45.8%, 48.1% and 46.0% respectively according to Kaplan-Meier survival curves. Multivariate Cox regression model showed significant association between 5-year overall survival rate and T stage (P<0.001), N stage (P=0.003) and second primary tumors (P=0.017). Advanced T stage and lymphovascular invasion were associated with a higher rate of recurrence (P<0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma has a dismal prognosis, with high rates of submucosal infiltration, cervical lymph node metastasis and distant metastasis. Treatment choices should be made according to TNM stage and overall health conditions in order to achieve ideal oncologic and functional results. Surgery with postoperative chemoradiation therapy is the main treatment for advanced-stage hypopharyngeal cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China.
authors.forename: Y T
authors.initials: YT
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China.
authors.forename: H T
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China.
authors.forename: X M
authors.initials: XM
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China.
authors.forename: W T
authors.initials: WT
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China.
authors.forename: X L
authors.initials: XL
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tao
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000401:mortality / Q000556:secondary / Q000601:surgery*; D059248:Chemoradiotherapy; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007012:Hypopharyngeal Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000473:pathology; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016609:Neoplasms, Second Primary / Q000175:diagnosis; D011379:Prognosis; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015996:Survival Rate; D016896:Treatment Outcome