title: Whole-genome analysis of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses isolated in Uganda from 2009 to 2011.
abstract: We report a whole-genome analysis of 19 influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 isolates from four Ugandan hospitals between 2009 and 2011. The isolates differed from the vaccine strain A/California/07/2009 by three amino acid substitutions P100S, S220T, and I338V in the hemagglutinin and by two amino acid substitutions V106I and N248D in the neuraminidase proteins with consistent mutations in all gene segments distinguishing isolates from the 2009/2010 to 2010/2011 seasons. Phylogenetic analysis showed low genetic evolution, with genetic distances of 0%-1.3% and 0.1%-1.6% for HA and NA genes, respectively. The amino acid substitutions did not lead to antigenic differences from the reference strains.
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda. dkb@covab.mak.ac.ug.|Makerere University Walter Reed Project, Kampala, Uganda. dkb@covab.mak.ac.ug.
authors.forename: Denis K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Byarugaba
authors.affiliation: Makerere University Walter Reed Project, Kampala, Uganda.
authors.forename: Bernard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Erima
authors.affiliation: Makerere University Walter Reed Project, Kampala, Uganda.
authors.forename: Monica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Millard
authors.affiliation: Makerere University Walter Reed Project, Kampala, Uganda.
authors.forename: Hannah
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kibuuka
authors.affiliation: Ministry of Health, Kampala, Uganda.
authors.forename: Luswa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lkwago
authors.affiliation: Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe, Uganda.
authors.forename: Josephine
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bwogi
authors.affiliation: Makerere University Walter Reed Project, Kampala, Uganda.
authors.forename: Derrick
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mimbe
authors.affiliation: Makerere University Walter Reed Project, Kampala, Uganda.
authors.forename: Jocelyn B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Kiconco
authors.affiliation: Makerere University Walter Reed Project, Kampala, Uganda.
authors.forename: Titus
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tugume
authors.affiliation: College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.
authors.forename: Edison A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Mworozi
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA.
authors.forename: Jasmine
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Turner
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA.
authors.forename: Pamela P
authors.initials: PP
authors.lastname: Mckenzie
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA.
authors.forename: Richard R J
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Webby
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA.
authors.forename: Robert G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Webster
authors.affiliation: IHAP, INRA, ENVT, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France.
authors.forename: Charlotte
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Foret
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA.|IHAP, INRA, ENVT, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France.
authors.forename: Mariette F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Ducatez
authors.affiliation: U.S. Army Medical Research Directorate-Kenya, U.S. Embassy, Nairobi, Kenya.
authors.forename: Rodney
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Coldren
authors.affiliation: Makerere University Walter Reed Project, Kampala, Uganda.
authors.forename: Fred
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Wabwire-Mangen
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA.
authors.forename: Scott
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Krauss
mesh_terms: D019943:Amino Acid Substitution; D000956:Antigens, Viral; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D016679:Genome, Viral; D019267:Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D053118:Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D007251:Influenza, Human / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology*; D009439:Neuraminidase / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D010802:Phylogeny; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000235:genetics; D012621:Seasons; D017423:Sequence Analysis, RNA; D014454:Uganda / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D000956:Antigens, Viral; D019267:Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus; D012367:RNA, Viral; D009439:Neuraminidase
keywords: Uganda; influenza A(H1N1)pdm09; whole-genome sequencing