title: A descriptive comparison of approaches to paediatric tube weaning across five countries.
abstract: Many children are requiring tube weaning intervention as a result of increased survival rates of high risk infants and the temporary use of feeding tubes. This study aimed to describe service delivery models and treatment approaches in a variety of paediatric feeding/tube weaning programs.
  
  
  
  A questionnaire on tube weaning was formulated based on a literature review. Purposive maximum variation sampling was used to include feeding/ weaning programs operating in a variety of settings and countries. Eight feeding teams in Australia, Europe and the USA agreed to participate and completed the questionnaire.
  
  
  
  All teams employed sensori-motor interventions, with the majority also offering psychological interventions. Six of eight teams utilised hunger induction during the initiation of tube weaning, and in many cases this preceded eating skill development or controlled sensory modulation.
  
  
  
  A multi-model tube weaning approach is commonly adopted by many centres worldwide. In many cases, psychological theory and theoretical orientation is fundamental to tube weaning practice. Further investigation regarding the efficacy and effectiveness of weaning interventions is recommended to ensure clinical practice is based on sound evidence. This may present as a challenge given many interventions occur concomitantly and the psychotherapeutic experience is difficult to evaluate.
authors.affiliation: a Occupational Therapy Department , Barwon Health , Geelong , Australia.
authors.forename: Alison Y
authors.initials: AY
authors.lastname: Gardiner
authors.affiliation: b Children Services, Barwon Health , Geelong , Australia.|c School of Medicine Deakin University , Geelong , Australia.|d Child Health Research Unit , Barwon Health , Geelong , Australia , and.|e Murdoch Children's Research Institute , Melbourne , Australia.
authors.forename: Peter J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Vuillermin
authors.affiliation: b Children Services, Barwon Health , Geelong , Australia.|c School of Medicine Deakin University , Geelong , Australia.
authors.forename: David G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Fuller
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003695:Delivery of Health Care / Q000379:methods; D020878:Device Removal / Q000379:methods*; D004750:Enteral Nutrition; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D010372:Pediatrics / Q000379:methods*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: Enteral feeding; paediatric weaning; rapid wean; tube weaning