title: Development of an electrochemical biosensor for alkylphenol detection.
abstract: In this work, electrochemical biosensors based on field effect transistors (FET) with single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) were constructed as disposable analytical devices to detect alkylphenols through immunoreaction using 4-nonylphenol (NP) as model analyte, and validated by comparison with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The calibration curve displays a working range with five concentrations between 5 and 500µgL(-1), and for each concentration, five biosensors were analysed for reproducibility estimation and two analytical measurements were performed for each biosensor for repeatability estimation. The accuracy of the biosensors was validated by analyzing NP contents in ten spiked artificial seawater samples and comparing these results to those obtained with the traditional ELISA methodology. Excellent analytical performance was obtained with reproducibility of 0.56±0.08%, repeatability of 0.5±0.2%, limit of detection for NP as low as 5µgL(-1), and average recovery between 97.8% and 104.6%. This work demonstrates that simple biosensors can be used to detect hazardous priority substances in seawater samples, even at low concentrations.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Water, Energy and Environment, National School of Engineers of Sfax (ENIS), University of Sfax, Route de Soukra Km 3, 5 Po. Box 1173, 3038 Sfax, Tunisia. Electronic address: belkamssanajet@yahoo.fr.
authors.forename: Najet
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Belkhamssa
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
authors.forename: João P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: da Costa
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
authors.forename: Celine I L
authors.initials: CIL
authors.lastname: Justino
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
authors.forename: Patrícia S M
authors.initials: PSM
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.affiliation: INESC-MN, Rua Alves Redol 9, 1000-029 Lisbon, Portugal; Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon, 1049 Lisbon, Portugal.
authors.forename: Susana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cardoso
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
authors.forename: Armando C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Duarte
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
authors.forename: Teresa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Rocha-Santos
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Water, Energy and Environment, National School of Engineers of Sfax (ENIS), University of Sfax, Route de Soukra Km 3, 5 Po. Box 1173, 3038 Sfax, Tunisia.
authors.forename: Mohamed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ksibi
keywords: Alkylphenols; Carbon nanotubes; Electrochemical biosensor; Field effect transistor; Nonylphenol; Seawater