title: Effects of Food Texture on Three-Dimensional Loads on Implants During Mastication Based on In Vivo Measurements.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The mechanisms by which the loads exerted on implants that support prostheses are modulated during mastication remain unclear. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of food texture on 3-dimensional loads measured at a single implant using a piezoelectric transducer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two subjects participated in this study. The transducer and the experimental superstructure, which had been adjusted to the subject's occlusal scheme, were attached to the implant with a titanium screw. The foods tested were chewing gum and peanuts.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean maximum load on the implant in each chewing cycle was significantly higher during peanut chewing than during gum chewing. The direction of maximum load was significantly more widely dispersed during peanut chewing than during gum chewing. The range of changes in load direction during the force-increasing phase of each chewing cycle was significantly wider during peanut chewing than during gum chewing.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The load on the implant was affected by food texture in both subjects. This measurement method can be useful to investigate the mechanisms of load modulation on implants during mastication.
authors.affiliation: *Assistant Professor, Division of Advanced Prosthetic Dentistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan. †Associate Professor, Division of Advanced Prosthetic Dentistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan. ‡Research Assistant, Division of Advanced Prosthetic Dentistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan. §Graduate Student, Division of Advanced Prosthetic Dentistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan. ¶Lecturer, Division of Advanced Prosthetic Dentistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan. ‖Professor, Division of Advanced Prosthetic Dentistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan.
authors.forename: Nobuhiro
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yoda
authors.forename: Toru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ogawa
authors.forename: Yoshinori
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Gunji
authors.forename: Juan R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Vanegas
authors.forename: Tetsuo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kawata
authors.forename: Keiichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sasaki
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D010367:Arachis / Q000009:adverse effects; D002638:Chewing Gum / Q000009:adverse effects; D015921:Dental Implants; D003799:Dental Stress Analysis / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D005502:Food / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D008409:Mastication; D008875:Middle Aged; D014160:Transducers, Pressure; D016474:Weight-Bearing / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D002638:Chewing Gum; D015921:Dental Implants