title: Cigarette Smoke Extract-Induced Oxidative Stress and Fibrosis-Related Genes Expression in Orbital Fibroblasts from Patients with Graves' Ophthalmopathy.
abstract: Cigarette smoking is the most important risk factor for the development or deterioration of Graves' ophthalmopathy. Smoke-induced increased generation of reactive oxygen species may be involved. However, it remains to be clarified how orbital fibroblasts are affected by cigarette smoking. Our study demonstrated that Graves' orbital fibroblasts have exaggerated response to cigarette smoke extract challenge along with increased oxidative stress, fibrosis-related genes expression, especially connective tissue growth factor, and intracellular levels of transforming growth factor-β1 and interleukin-1β. The findings obtained in this study provide some clues for the impact of cigarette smoking on Graves' ophthalmopathy and offer a theoretical basis for the potential and rational use of antioxidants in treating Graves' ophthalmopathy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Koo Foundation Sun Yat-Sen Cancer Center, Taipei 112, Taiwan; Department of Ophthalmology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital and National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Hui-Chuan
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Kau
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Shi-Bei
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital and National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chieh-Chih
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Tsai
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital and National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Catherine Jui-Ling
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan; Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City 252, Taiwan; Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City 252, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yau-Huei
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Wei
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D055513:Connective Tissue Growth Factor / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D005355:Fibrosis; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D049970:Graves Ophthalmopathy / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D009915:Orbit / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics; D012906:Smoke / Q000009:adverse effects*; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects*; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; C526317:CCN2 protein, human; C508585:IL1B protein, human; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D012906:Smoke; C508960:TGFB1 protein, human; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1; D055513:Connective Tissue Growth Factor