title: The Pivotal Role of the Parieto-Occipital Lobe in Card Game-Induced Reflex Epilepsy: A Voxel-Based Morphometry Study.
abstract: The pathogenesis of card game-induced reflex epilepsy has not been determined so far. The aim of this study was to evaluate structural abnormalities using voxel-based morphometry (VBM) analysis, which may give some clue about the pathogenesis in card game-induced reflex epilepsy.
  
  
  
  The 3 subjects were diagnosed with card game-induced reflex epilepsy. Evaluation involved a structured interview to obtain clinical information and brain MRI. In VBM analysis, Statistical Parametric Mapping 8 running on the MATLAB platform was employed to analyze the structural differences between patients with card game-induced reflex epilepsy and age- and sex-matched control subjects.
  
  
  
  The results of VBM analysis revealed that patients with card game-induced reflex epilepsy had significantly increased gray matter volume in the right occipital and parietal lobe. However, there were no structures with decreased gray matter volume in patients with card game-induced reflex epilepsy compared with control subjects. In addition, we found that the patients with card game-induced reflex epilepsy had onset of seizures in adulthood rather than in adolescence, and all of the patients were men.
  
  
  
  The parieto-occipital lobes might be partially involved in the neuronal network responsible for card game-induced reflex epilepsy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea.
authors.forename: Kang Min
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Sung Eun
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Byung In
authors.initials: BI
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D020195:Epilepsy, Reflex / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009778:Occipital Lobe / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D010296:Parietal Lobe / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*