title: Recent advances in the biotechnological production of microbial poly(ɛ-L-lysine) and understanding of its biosynthetic mechanism.
abstract: Poly(ɛ-L-lysine) (ɛ-PL) is an unusual biopolymer composed of L-lysine connected between α-carboxyl and ɛ-amino groups. It has been used as a preservative in food and cosmetics industries, drug carrier in medicines, and gene carrier in gene therapy. Modern biotechnology has significantly improved the synthetic efficiency of this novel homopoly(amino acid) on an industrial scale and has expanded its industrial applications. In the latest years, studies have focused on the biotechnological production and understanding the biosynthetic mechanism of microbial ɛ-PL. Herein, this review focuses on the current trends and future perspectives of microbial ɛ-PL. Information on the screening of ɛ-PL-producing strains, fermentative production of ɛ-PL, breeding of high-ɛ-PL-producing strains, genomic data of ɛ-PL-producing strains, biosynthetic mechanism of microbial ɛ-PL, and the control of molecular weight of microbial ɛ-PL is included. This review will contribute to the development of this novel homopoly(amino acid) and serve as a basis of studies on other biopolymers.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing, 211816, China.|College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China.
authors.forename: Zhaoxian
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing, 211816, China.|College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China.
authors.forename: Zheng
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing, 211816, China.|College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China.
authors.forename: Xiaohai
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing, 211816, China.|College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China.
authors.forename: Delei
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Nanjing Shineking Biological Technology Company, Nanjing, 210000, China.
authors.forename: Jinfeng
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing, 211816, China. xuh@njtech.edu.cn.|College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China. xuh@njtech.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Xu
mesh_terms: D001704:Biopolymers / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000378:metabolism; D019149:Bioreactors / Q000382:microbiology; D001709:Biotechnology; D003358:Cosmetics / Q000737:chemistry; D004337:Drug Carriers / Q000737:chemistry; D005285:Fermentation / Q000502:physiology*; D005520:Food Preservatives / Q000737:chemistry; D011107:Polylysine / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D013302:Streptomyces / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D001704:Biopolymers; D003358:Cosmetics; D004337:Drug Carriers; D005520:Food Preservatives; D011107:Polylysine
keywords: Biopolymer; Fermentation; Non-ribosomal peptide synthetase; Poly(ɛ-L-lysine); Streptomyces