title: Effect of Xenotransplantation Site on MicroRNA Expression of Human Colon Cancer Stem Cells.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cancer stem cells (CSCs) have a high tumorigenic ability to form patient-derived tumor xenografts (PDXs). PDXs are an attractive pre-clinical model, but gene expression and biological behavior of cancer cells in the tumor will change during establishment and passage of PDXs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Human colon cancer PDX was established and passaged either subcutaneously or orthotopically into the murine intestine. Histology and flow cytometric profile of the surgical specimen and the PDX were analyzed. CSCs were then isolated from the tumors and their microRNA (miRNA) expression was analyzed by semi-quantitative polymerase chain reaction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The surgical specimens and PDXs were histologically similar. The size of CSC population increased and expression of miRNAs in CSCs changed in the passaged PDXs. Expression of oncogenic miRNAs was highly up-regulated in the CSCs of the orthotopically passaged PDXs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The xenotransplantation site and the number of tumor passages affect the miRNA expression of human colon CSCs.
authors.affiliation: Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan.
authors.forename: Junko
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mukohyama
authors.affiliation: Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan yshimono@med.kobe-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Yohei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shimono
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan.
authors.forename: Kimihiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yamashita
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan.
authors.forename: Yasuo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sumi
authors.affiliation: Division of Medical Oncology/Hematology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan Cancer Center, Kobe University Hospital, Kobe, Japan.
authors.forename: Toru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mukohara
authors.affiliation: Division of Medical Oncology/Hematology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan Cancer Center, Kobe University Hospital, Kobe, Japan.
authors.forename: Hironobu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Minami
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshihiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kakeji
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003110:Colonic Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D064593:Heterografts; D006801:Humans; D016688:Mice, Inbred NOD; D016513:Mice, SCID; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D009368:Neoplasm Transplantation; D014411:Neoplastic Stem Cells / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000637:transplantation; D034622:RNA Interference; D059467:Transcriptome; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D035683:MicroRNAs
keywords: Colon cancer; cancer stem cell; microRNA; orthotopic transplantation; xenograft