title: Significance of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) modification by zinc oxide nanoparticles for fungal biofilm formation.
abstract: The objective of this study was to obtain a material composite with antifungal properties for dentures to be used as an alternative protocol in denture stomatitis treatment and prevention. Denture stomatitis is still a clinical problem in patients particularly vulnerable to this disease. Composites of PMMA and doped ZnO-NPs (weight concentrations, 2.5%, 5%, 7.5%) and PMMA with sprayed solvothermal and hydrothermal ZnO-NPs were tested. The following investigations of newly formed biomaterials were undertaken: influence on Candida albicans solution, biofilm staining, XTT analysis and a quantitative analysis of adhered C. albicans. These studies evidenced the antifungal activity of both nanocomposites PMMA-ZnO-NPs and the efficacy of sputtering of zinc oxide nanoparticles on the PMMA. The study of the biofilm deposition on the surface showed that antifungal properties increase with increasing concentration of ZnO-NPs. The XTT assay in conjunction with testing the turbidity of solutions may indicate the mechanism by which ZnO-NPs exert their effect on the increased induction of antioxidative stress in microorganism cells. The denture base made of the aforesaid materials may play a preventive role in patients susceptible to fungal infections. Based on the results obtained a modified treatment of stomatitis Type II (Newton's classification) complicated by fungal infection was proposed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Prosthodontics, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland. Electronic address: mariusz.cierech@wp.pl.
authors.forename: Mariusz
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cierech
authors.affiliation: Department of Prosthodontics, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Adam
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kolenda
authors.affiliation: Department of Bacterial Genetics, Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Anna M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Grudniak
authors.affiliation: Institute of High Pressure Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Jacek
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wojnarowicz
authors.affiliation: Institute of High Pressure Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Bartosz
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Woźniak
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Marlena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gołaś
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Ewa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Swoboda-Kopeć
authors.affiliation: Institute of High Pressure Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Witold
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Łojkowski
authors.affiliation: Department of Prosthodontics, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Elżbieta
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mierzwińska-Nastalska
mesh_terms: D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry*; D018441:Biofilms / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D002176:Candida albicans / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D006801:Humans; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry*; D019904:Polymethyl Methacrylate / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry*; D015034:Zinc Oxide / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents; D019904:Polymethyl Methacrylate; D015034:Zinc Oxide
keywords: Candida albicans; Denture stomatitis; Polymethylmethacrylate; Zinc oxide nanoparticles