title: Sinus Floor Cortication: Classification and Prevalence.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To present a classification and assess the presence and degree of cortication of the sinus floor utilizing Computerized Tomography (CT) scan images.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred CT scans, of patient who required a sinus augmentation procedure (SAP), were evaluated and classified according to the Type of sinus floor cortication (SFC). Type 1: sinus floor showing similar or higher density than the surrounding cortical areas. Type 2: sinus floor showing less density than the surrounding cortical areas. Type 3: sinus floor showing no cortical bone. Type 4: sinus floor showing the fusion of sinus floor bone and native crestal bone.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The SFC were present in 31, 41, 18, and 10 cases in Type 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This classification based on the level of cortication of the sinus floor is clinically useful as a method of determining if the dental implant can be placed simultaneously or not with the SAP, or can be placed even without a SAP.
authors.affiliation: Implant Resident, Ashman Department of Periodontology and Implant Dentistry, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Guillaume
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Choucroun
authors.affiliation: Implant Resident, Ashman Department of Periodontology and Implant Dentistry, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Julien
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mourlaas
authors.affiliation: Implant Resident, Ashman Department of Periodontology and Implant Dentistry, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Nur Hafizah
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: Kamar Affendi
authors.affiliation: Clinical Professor and Director of Clinical Research, Ashman Department of Periodontology and Implant Dentistry, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Stuart J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Froum
authors.affiliation: Clinical Assistant Professor and Director of Advanced Program for International Dentists in Implant Dentistry and Co-Director of Clinical Research, Ashman Department of Periodontology and Implant Dentistry, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Sang-Choon
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Cho
mesh_terms: D015519:Bone Density; D000071538:Cortical Bone / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D003758:Dental Implantation, Endosseous / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008443:Maxillary Sinus / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery*; D059546:Sinus Floor Augmentation / Q000145:classification* / Q000379:methods*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed
keywords: implant stability; sinus augmentation; sinus cortication