title: TGFβ-Responsive HMOX1 Expression Is Associated with Stemness and Invasion in Glioblastoma Multiforme.
abstract: Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and lethal adult brain tumor. Resistance to standard radiation and chemotherapy is thought to involve survival of GBM cancer stem cells (CSCs). To date, no single marker for identifying GBM CSCs has been able to capture the diversity of CSC populations, justifying the needs for additional CSC markers for better characterization. Employing targeted mass spectrometry, here we present five cell-surface markers HMOX1, SLC16A1, CADM1, SCAMP3, and CLCC1 which were found to be elevated in CSCs relative to healthy neural stem cells (NSCs). Transcriptomic analyses of REMBRANDT and TCGA compendiums also indicated elevated expression of these markers in GBM relative to controls and non-GBM diseases. Two markers SLC16A1 and HMOX1 were found to be expressed among pseudopalisading cells that reside in the hypoxic region of GBM, substantiating the histopathological hallmarks of GBM. In a prospective study (N = 8) we confirmed the surface expression of HMOX1 on freshly isolated primary GBM cells (P0). Employing functional assays that are known to evaluate stemness, we demonstrate that elevated HMOX1 expression is associated with stemness in GBM and can be modulated through TGFβ. siRNA-mediated silencing of HMOX1 impaired GBM invasion-a phenomenon related to poor prognosis. In addition, surgical resection of GBM tumors caused declines (18% ± 5.1SEM) in the level of plasma HMOX1 as measured by ELISA, in 8/10 GBM patients. These findings indicate that HMOX1 is a robust predictor of GBM CSC stemness and pathogenesis. Further understanding of the role of HMOX1 in GBM may uncover novel therapeutic approaches. Stem Cells 2016;34:2276-2289.
authors.affiliation: The Ben and Catherine Ivy Center for Advanced Brain Tumor Treatment, Swedish Neuroscience Institute, Seattle. dhimankrishna.ghosh@swedish.org.|Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle. dhimankrishna.ghosh@swedish.org.
authors.forename: Dhiman
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ghosh
authors.affiliation: The Ben and Catherine Ivy Center for Advanced Brain Tumor Treatment, Swedish Neuroscience Institute, Seattle.
authors.forename: Ilya V
authors.initials: IV
authors.lastname: Ulasov
authors.affiliation: The Ben and Catherine Ivy Center for Advanced Brain Tumor Treatment, Swedish Neuroscience Institute, Seattle.
authors.forename: LiPing
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Birmingham Veterans Hospital, Birmingham.
authors.forename: Lualhati E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Harkins
authors.affiliation: Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle.
authors.forename: Karolina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wallenborg
authors.affiliation: The Ben and Catherine Ivy Center for Advanced Brain Tumor Treatment, Swedish Neuroscience Institute, Seattle.
authors.forename: Parvinder
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hothi
authors.affiliation: The Ben and Catherine Ivy Center for Advanced Brain Tumor Treatment, Swedish Neuroscience Institute, Seattle.|CellNetix Pathology and Laboratories, Seattle.
authors.forename: Steven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rostad
authors.affiliation: Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle.
authors.forename: Leroy
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hood
authors.affiliation: The Ben and Catherine Ivy Center for Advanced Brain Tumor Treatment, Swedish Neuroscience Institute, Seattle. charles.cobbs@swedish.org.|Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle. charles.cobbs@swedish.org.
authors.forename: Charles S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Cobbs
mesh_terms: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D000066673:Cell Self Renewal; D005909:Glioblastoma / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D051547:Heme Oxygenase-1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D027501:Monocarboxylic Acid Transporters / Q000378:metabolism; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D014411:Neoplastic Stem Cells / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D058953:Neural Stem Cells / Q000378:metabolism; D011379:Prognosis; D018874:Spheroids, Cellular / Q000378:metabolism; D027981:Symporters / Q000378:metabolism; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000378:metabolism*; D000099233:Monocarboxylate Transport Protein 1
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D051547:Heme Oxygenase-1; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D027501:Monocarboxylic Acid Transporters; D027981:Symporters; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D000099233:Monocarboxylate Transport Protein 1
keywords: CSC; GBM; Invasion; NSC; Neurosphere; Pseudopalisading