title: The flower of Edgeworthia gardneri (wall.) Meisn. suppresses adipogenesis through modulation of the AMPK pathway in 3T3-L1 adipocytes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The flower of Edgeworthia gardneri (Wall.) Meisn., locally named "Lvluohua, ", has been widely used as Tibetan folk medicine for the treatment of metabolic diseases for a long time.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the anti-adipogenesis effect of ethyl acetate extract of the flower of E. gardneri (EEG extract) in 3T3-L1 adipocytes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Obesity-related parameters such as lipid accumulation and TG content were determined by Oil red O staining and enzymatic kit, respectively. Western blotting was used to determine the expressions of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein-α (C/EBPα), phosphorylated adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC). Moreover, main constituents of EEG extract were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).
  
  
  RESULTS
  EEG extract decreased the lipid and triglyceride (TG) accumulations during the differentiation process and down-regulated the adipogenesis-related transcriptional factors PPARγ and C/EBPα. EEG extract treatment increased AMPK and ACC phosphorylation. In addition, pretreatment with AMPK inhibitor, weakened the inhibitory effects of EEG extract on the expressions of PPARγand C/EBPα. HPLC analysis indicated that tiliroside was the main constituent in EEG extract.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that EEG extract may exert anti-adipogenic effects through modulation of the AMPK signaling pathway.
authors.affiliation: College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China.
authors.forename: Die
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China.
authors.forename: Yong-Lan
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China.
authors.forename: Feng-Qing
authors.initials: FQ
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China.
authors.forename: Fan
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China.
authors.forename: Qi-Hui
authors.initials: QH
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China. Electronic address: tcm_anal_cqu@163.com.
authors.forename: Zhi-Ning
authors.initials: ZN
authors.lastname: Xia
mesh_terms: D041721:3T3-L1 Cells; D055372:AMP-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D000085:Acetates / Q000737:chemistry; D000103:Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase / Q000378:metabolism; D017667:Adipocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology; D050156:Adipogenesis / Q000187:drug effects*; D000818:Animals; D019440:Anti-Obesity Agents / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D022762:CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D035264:Flowers / Q000737:chemistry*; D051379:Mice; D047495:PPAR gamma / Q000378:metabolism; D010766:Phosphorylation; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010946:Plants, Medicinal; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D012997:Solvents / Q000737:chemistry; D029645:Thymelaeaceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000085:Acetates; D019440:Anti-Obesity Agents; D022762:CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins; C530718:CEBPA protein, mouse; D005419:Flavonoids; D047495:PPAR gamma; D010936:Plant Extracts; D012997:Solvents; D014280:Triglycerides; C052083:tiliroside; C007650:ethyl acetate; D055372:AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; D000103:Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase
keywords: 3T3-L1 adipocytes; AMPK; Astragalin (PubChem CID: 5282102); Daphnoretin (PubChem CID: 5281406); Edgeworthia gardneri; Obesity; Tiliroside (PubChem CID: 5320686)