title: Macrophages and inflammatory mediators in pulmonary injury induced by mustard vesicants.
abstract: Sulfur mustard (SM) and nitrogen mustard (NM) are cytotoxic alkylating agents that cause severe and progressive injury to the respiratory tract, resulting in significant morbidity and mortality. Evidence suggests that macrophages and the inflammatory mediators they release play roles in both acute and long-term pulmonary injuries caused by mustards. In this article, we review the pathogenic effects of SM and NM on the respiratory tract and potential inflammatory mechanisms contributing to this activity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey.
authors.forename: Rama
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Malaviya
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey.
authors.forename: Vasanthi R
authors.initials: VR
authors.lastname: Sunil
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey.
authors.forename: Alessandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Venosa
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey.
authors.forename: Kinal N
authors.initials: KN
authors.lastname: Vayas
authors.affiliation: Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy.
authors.forename: Rita
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Businaro
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Health Science, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York.
authors.forename: Diane E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Heck
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey.
authors.forename: Jeffrey D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Laskin
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey.
authors.forename: Debra L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Laskin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D006801:Humans; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism*; D007509:Irritants / Q000633:toxicity*; D008168:Lung / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D055370:Lung Injury / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000473:pathology*; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D009151:Mustard Gas / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D007509:Irritants; D009151:Mustard Gas
keywords: inflammatory mediators; macrophages; mustards; pulmonary toxicity