title: Lipids, lysosomes, and autophagy.
abstract: Lipids are essential components of a cell providing energy substrates for cellular processes, signaling intermediates, and building blocks for biological membranes. Lipids are constantly recycled and redistributed within a cell. Lysosomes play an important role in this recycling process that involves the recruitment of lipids to lysosomes via autophagy or endocytosis for their degradation by lysosomal hydrolases. The catabolites produced are redistributed to various cellular compartments to support basic cellular function. Several studies demonstrated a bidirectional relationship between lipids and lysosomes that regulate autophagy. While lysosomal degradation pathways regulate cellular lipid metabolism, lipids also regulate lysosome function and autophagy. In this review, we focus on this bidirectional relationship in the context of dietary lipids and provide an overview of recent evidence of how lipid-overload lipotoxicity, as observed in obesity and metabolic syndrome, impairs lysosomal function and autophagy that may eventually lead to cellular dysfunction or cell death.
authors.affiliation: Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center and Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242.
authors.forename: Bharat
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-7619-7944
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Jaishy
authors.affiliation: Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center and Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242 DRCadmin@uiowa.edu.
authors.forename: E Dale
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-5290-0738
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: Abel
mesh_terms: D001343:Autophagy / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D050356:Lipid Metabolism / Q000235:genetics*; D008055:Lipids / Q000235:genetics; D008247:Lysosomes / Q000378:metabolism; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D009765:Obesity / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: D008055:Lipids
keywords: lipid metabolism; lipophagy; lipotoxicity; lysosomal dysfunction; oxidative stress; reactive oxygen species